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Dong JH, Zhang M, Yang X, Wu B, Huang L, Li C, Ge Y. Fractionated plasma separation and adsorption integrated with continuous veno-venous hemofiltration in patients with acute bipyridine herbicide poisoning. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2374013. [PMID: 38967153 PMCID: PMC11229766 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2374013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of fractionated plasma separation and adsorption combined with continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (FPSA-CVVH) treatment in patients with acute bipyridine herbicide poisoning. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 18 patients with acute bipyridine herbicide poisoning was conducted, of which 9 patients were poisoned by diquat and 9 patients by paraquat. All patients underwent FPSA-CVVH treatment. The serum cytokine levels in pesticide-poisoned patients were assessed. The efficacy of FPSA-CVVH in eliminating cytokines, the 90-d survival rate of poisoned patients, and adverse reactions to the treatment were observed. RESULTS Fourteen patients (77.8%) had acute kidney injuries and 10 (55.6%) had acute liver injuries. The serum cytokine levels of high mobility group protein B-1 (HMGB-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) were significantly elevated. A total of 41 FPSA-CVVH treatment sessions were administered. After a single 8-h FPSA-CVVH treatment, the decreases in HMGB-1, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, and MIP-1β were 66.0%, 63.5%, 73.3%, 63.7%, 53.9%, and 54.1%, respectively. During FPSA-CVVH treatment, one patient required a filter change due to coagulation in the plasma component separator, and one experienced a bleeding adverse reaction. The 90-d patient survival rate was 50%, with 4 patients with diquat poisoning and 5 patients with paraquat poisoning, and both liver and kidney functions were restored to normal. CONCLUSION Cytokine storms may play a significant role in the progression of multiorgan dysfunction in patients with acute bipyridine herbicide poisoning. FPSA-CVVH can effectively reduce cytokine levels, increase the survival rate of patients with acute bipyridine herbicide poisoning, and decrease the incidence of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Dong
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, JinLing Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minghong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, JinLing Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Yang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, JinLing Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bian Wu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, JinLing Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Huang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, JinLing Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuan Li
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, JinLing Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongchun Ge
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, JinLing Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Zhao Z, Yue S, Feng J, Cui H, Sun L, Yang G, Zhang L, Wang T. Tubulointerstitial injury and renal outcome after minimum lethal dose of diquat intoxication. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:3411-3413. [PMID: 38720061 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-04076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- ZhiPeng Zhao
- Graduate School of HeBei Medical University, No.361 East ZhongShan Boulevard, ShiJiaZhuang, 050011, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No.89 DongGang Road, ShiJiaZhuang, 050030, China
| | - ShuLing Yue
- Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory, No.10 Spiral the Third Road, GuangZhou, 510005, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No.89 DongGang Road, ShiJiaZhuang, 050030, China
| | - HongRui Cui
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No.89 DongGang Road, ShiJiaZhuang, 050030, China
| | - LiJun Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No.89 DongGang Road, ShiJiaZhuang, 050030, China
| | - Guang Yang
- TaiYuan KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory, No.2 LongSheng Street, TaiYuan, 030000, China
| | - LiHong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No.89 DongGang Road, ShiJiaZhuang, 050030, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No.89 DongGang Road, ShiJiaZhuang, 050030, China.
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Zhang Y, Chen X, Du H, Zhao M, Jiang X. Association between initial diquat plasma concentration, severity index and in-hospital mortality in patients with acute diquat poisoning: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2024:1-7. [PMID: 39222074 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2024.2387649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 2016, diquat has replaced paraquat in China, resulting in increased diquat poisoning cases. However, understanding of diquat poisoning is still limited. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between initial diquat plasma concentration, severity index, and in-hospital mortality in acute diquat poisoning cases. METHODS This retrospective cohort study, conducted from January 2016 to July 2023 in a tertiary care hospital, used univariate logistic regression to examine the link between the initial diquat plasma concentration, severity index, and in-hospital mortality in acute diquat poisoned patients. A receiver operating characteristic curve assessed the predictive value of these parameters for prognosis. RESULTS Among the 87 participants, the median age was 32 years, 35 (40.2%) were female. The overall mortality rate was 37.9%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the initial diquat plasma concentration and severity index were associated with increased in-hospital mortality. These factors also effectively predicted the prognosis of acute diquat poisoning, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.851 and an optimal diquat concentration threshold of 2.25 mg/L (sensitivity 90.9%, specificity 74.1%, P < 0.05) and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.845 with an optimal cut-off value for the sevity index of 9.1 mg/L*min (sensitivity 97%, specificity 74.1%, P < 0.05). DISCUSSION Our results are limited by the retrospective design of this study. However, if validated, these results could impact management strategies, especially in East Asia. Further research is needed due to potential confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that a higher initial plasma concentration and severity index in patients with acute diquat poisoning were correlated with higher in-hospital mortality. Prospective validation will confirm the predicative value of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Mentougou District Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Capital Medical University affiliated Tongren Hospital Mentougou Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Emergency, Chinese People's Armed Police Force Characteristic Medical Center, Tianjing, China
- Graduate School of PLA Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haike Du
- Department of Emergency, Chinese People's Armed Police Force Characteristic Medical Center, Tianjing, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Mentougou District Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Capital Medical University affiliated Tongren Hospital Mentougou Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Mentougou District Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Capital Medical University affiliated Tongren Hospital Mentougou Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhang H, Sun H, Qian J, Sun L, Zong C, Zhang J, Yuan B. High expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) associated with Diquat-induced damage. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116623. [PMID: 38905939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Diquat (DQ) is a commonly used bipyridine herbicide known for its toxic properties and adverse effects on individuals. However, the mechanism underlying DQ-induced damage remain elusive. Our research aimed to uncover the regulatory network involved in DQ-induced damage. We analyzed publicly accessible gene expression patterns and performed research using a DQ-induced damage animal model. The GSE153959 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus collection and the animal model of DQ-induced kidney injury were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Pathways including the regulation of DNA-templated transcription in response to stress, RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex and transcription coregulatory activity were shown to be enriched in 21 DEGs. We used least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis to find possible diagnostic biomarkers for DQ-induced damage. Then, we used an HK-2 cell model to confirm these results. Additionally, we confirmed that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) was the major gene associated with DQ-induced damage using multi-omics screening. The sample validation strongly suggested that HMGCS2 has promise as a diagnostic marker and may provide new targets for therapy in the context of DQ-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Institute of Poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine,Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jian Qian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Cheng Zong
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Institute of Poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, China.
| | - Beilei Yuan
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China.
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Shi Q, Sun H. Clinical characteristics of survivors versus non-survivors after acute diquat poisoning: a comparative study-comment. Intern Emerg Med 2024; 19:1503-1504. [PMID: 38393499 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-024-03557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Qifang Shi
- Institute of Poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211103, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Institute of Poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China.
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211103, Jiangsu, China.
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Gou F, Lin Q, Tu X, Zhu J, Li X, Chen S, Hu C. Hesperidin Alleviated Intestinal Barrier Injury, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Disorder of Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria Contact Sites under Oxidative Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:16276-16286. [PMID: 38981046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
As primary flavonoids extracted from citrus fruits, hesperidin has been attracting attention widely for its capacity to act as antioxidants that are able to scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many factors have made oxidative stress a risk factor for the occurrence of intestinal barrier injury, which is a serious health threat to human beings. However, little data are available regarding the underlying mechanism of hesperidin alleviating intestinal injury under oxidative stress. Recently, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mitochondria contact sites (ERMCSs) have aroused increasing concerns among scholars, which participate in mitochondrial dynamics and Ca2+ transport. In our experiment, 24 piglets were randomly divided into 4 groups. Piglets in the diquat group and hesperidin + diquat group received an intraperitoneal injection of diquat (10 mg/kg), while piglets in the hesperidin group and hesperidin + diquat group received hesperidin (300 mg/kg) with feed. The results indicated that hesperidin alleviated growth restriction and intestinal barrier injury in piglets compared with the diquat group. Hesperidin ameliorated oxidative stress and restored antioxidant capacity under diquat exposure. The mitochondrial dysfunction was markedly alleviated via hesperidin versus diquat group. Meanwhile, hesperidin alleviated ER stress and downregulated the PERK pathway. Furthermore, hesperidin prevented the disorder of ERMCSs by downregulating the level of ERMCS proteins, decreasing the percentage of mitochondria with ERMCSs/total mitochondria and the ratio of ERMCSs length/mitochondrial perimeter. These results suggested hesperidin could alleviate ERMCS disorder and prevent mitochondrial dysfunction, which subsequently decreased ROS production and alleviated intestinal barrier injury of piglets under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Gou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaodian Tu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shaokui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Caihong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Cheng J, Yang L, Zhang Z, Xu D, Hua R, Chen H, Li X, Duan J, Li Q. Diquat causes mouse testis injury through inducing heme oxygenase-1-mediated ferroptosis in spermatogonia. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116562. [PMID: 38850704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Diquat dibromide (DQ) is a globally used herbicide in agriculture, and its overuse poses an important public health issue, including male reproductive toxicity in mammals. However, the effects and molecular mechanisms of DQ on testes are limited. In vivo experiments, mice were intraperitoneally injected with 8 or 10 mg/kg/ day of DQ for 28 days. It has been found that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mediates DQ-induced ferroptosis in mouse spermatogonia, thereby damaging testicular development and spermatogenesis. Histopathologically, we found that DQ exposure caused seminiferous tubule disorders, reduced germ cells, and increased sperm malformation, in mice. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) staining of frozen section and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) displayed DQ promoted ROS generation and mitochondrial morphology alterations in mouse testes, suggesting that DQ treatment induced testicular oxidative stress. Subsequent RNA-sequencing further showed that DQ treatment might trigger ferroptosis pathway, attributed to disturbed glutathione metabolism and iron homeostasis in spermatogonia cells in vitro. Consistently, results of western blotting, measurements of MDA and ferrous iron, and ROS staining confirmed that DQ increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, and accelerated ferrous iron accumulation both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, inhibition of ferroptosis by deferoxamine (DFO) markedly ameliorated DQ-induced cell death and dysfunction. By RNA-sequencing, we found that the expression of HO-1 was significantly upregulated in DQ-treated spermatogonia, while ZnPP (a specific inhibitor of HO-1) blocked spermatogonia ferroptosis by balancing intracellular iron homeostasis. In mice, administration of the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 effectively restored the increase of HO-1 levels in the spermatogonia, prevented spermatogonia death, and alleviated the spermatogenesis disorders induced by DQ. Overall, these findings suggest that HO-1 mediates DQ-induced spermatogonia ferroptosis in mouse testes, and targeting HO-1 may be an effective protective strategy against male reproductive disorders induced by pesticides in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Li Yang
- Health Management Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zelin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Dejun Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rongmao Hua
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Huali Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jiaxin Duan
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
| | - Qingwang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Li H, Liu Z, Sun W, Li T, Dong X. Interpretable machine learning for the prediction of death risk in patients with acute diquat poisoning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16101. [PMID: 38997450 PMCID: PMC11245468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and validate predictive models for assessing the risk of death in patients with acute diquat (DQ) poisoning using innovative machine learning techniques. Additionally, predictive models were evaluated through the application of SHapley Additive ExPlanations (SHAP). A total of 201 consecutive patients from the emergency departments of the First Hospital and Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University admitted for deliberate oral intake of DQ from February 2018 to August 2023 were analysed. The initial clinical data of the patients with acute DQ poisoning were collected. Machine learning methods such as logistic regression, random forest, support vector machine (SVM), and gradient boosting were applied to build the prediction models. The whole sample was split into a training set and a test set at a ratio of 8:2. The performances of these models were assessed in terms of discrimination, calibration, and clinical decision curve analysis (DCA). We also used the SHAP interpretation tool to provide an intuitive explanation of the risk of death in patients with DQ poisoning. Logistic regression, random forest, SVM, and gradient boosting models were established, and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were 0.91, 0.98, 0.96 and 0.94, respectively. The net benefits were similar across all four models. The four machine learning models can be reliable tools for predicting death risk in patients with acute DQ poisoning. Their combination with SHAP provides explanations for individualized risk prediction, increasing the model transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenming Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tiegang Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xuesong Dong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Qu J, Pei H, Li XZ, Li Y, Chen JM, Zhang M, Lu ZQ. Erythrocyte membrane biomimetic EGCG nanoparticles attenuate renal injury induced by diquat through the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1414918. [PMID: 39045044 PMCID: PMC11263105 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1414918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Diquat (DQ) poisoning can cause multiple organ damage, and the kidney is considered to be the main target organ. Increasing evidence shows that alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory response has promising application prospects. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, red blood cell membrane (RBCm)-camouflaged polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized to deliver EGCG (EGCG-RBCm/NPs) for renal injury induced by DQ. Human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) were stimulated with 600 μM DQ for 12 h and mice were intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/kg b.w. DQ, followed by 20 mg/kg b.w./day EGCG or EGCG-RBCM/NPs for 3 days. The assessment of cellular vitality was carried out using the CCK-8 assay, while the quantification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was performed through ROS specific probes. Apoptosis analysis was conducted by both flow cytometry and TUNEL staining methods. Pathological changes in renal tissue were observed. The expressions of NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18, NFκB and Caspase1 were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. The results showed that the DQ group had increased ROS expression, increased the level of oxidative stress, and increased apoptosis rate compared with the control group. Histopathological analysis of mice in the DQ group showed renal tubular injury and elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and cystatin C (Cys C). Furthermore, the DQ group exhibited heightened expression of NLRP3, p-NFκB p65, Caspase1 p20, IL-1β, and IL-18. However, EGCG-RBCm/NPs treatment mitigated DQ-induced increases in ROS, apoptosis, and oxidative stress, as well as renal toxicity and decreases in renal biomarker levels. Meanwhile, the expression of the above proteins were significantly decreased, and the survival rate of mice was ultimately improved, with an effect better than that of the EGCG treatment group. In conclusion, EGCG-RBCm/NPs can improve oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis induced by DQ. This effect is related to the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Overall, this study provides a new approach for treating renal injury induced by DQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Pei
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ze Li
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ming Chen
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Lu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
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Gou F, Cai F, Li X, Lin Q, Zhu J, Yu M, Chen S, Lu J, Hu C. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes involve in oxidative stress-induced intestinal barrier injury and mitochondrial dysfunction under diquat exposing. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3906-3919. [PMID: 38567716 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Many factors induced by environmental toxicants have made oxidative stress a risk factor for the intestinal barrier injury and growth restriction, which is serious health threat for human and livestock and induces significant economic loss. It is well-known that diquat-induced oxidative stress is implicated in the intestinal barrier injury. Although some studies have shown that mitochondria are the primary target organelle of diquat, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Recently, mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) have aroused increasing concerns among scholars, which participate in mitochondrial dynamics and signal transduction. In this study, we investigated whether MAMs involved in intestinal barrier injury and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by diquat-induced oxidative stress in piglets and porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2 cells). The results showed that diquat induced growth restriction and impaired intestinal barrier. The mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased and mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased following diquat exposure. The ultrastructure of mitochondria and MAMs was also disturbed. Meanwhile, diquat upregulated endoplasmic reticulum stress marker protein and activated PERK pathway. Furthermore, loosening MAMs alleviated intestinal barrier injury, decrease of antioxidant enzyme activity and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by diquat in IPEC-J2 cells, while tightening MAMs exacerbated diquat-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. These results suggested that MAMs may be associated with the intestinal barrier injury and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by diquat in the jejunum of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Gou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengzhou Cai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Lin
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjie Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaokui Chen
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianjun Lu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caihong Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
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Cen XY, Chen Y, Xu YA, Zhong GY. Vascular endothelium, a promising target for effectively treating fulminant diquat intoxication? World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:2686-2689. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i17.2686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Following the withdrawal of paraquat, diquat (DQ) has emerged as the predominant herbicide. When people come into contact with or ingest DQ, may lead to poisoning and potentially fatal outcomes. Reports suggest that the mortality of DQ poisoning can be as high as 50%. DQ poisoning can be categorized as mild, moderate or severe. In cases of severe poisoning, victims often succumb to multiple organ failure within 48 h. This presents a significant challenge in the clinical management. Scholars have discovered that oxidative stress, inflammatory injury, and cell apoptosis play crucial roles in the DQ poisoning. However, the underlying connection of the extensive organ damage remains unknown. The abnormal function and activity of endothelial cells (EC) should play a crucial role in tissue damage caused by DQ due to rich microcirculation and high sensitivity to perfusion in the vulnerable organs. However, reports on DQ-induced EC injury is rare. We made a significant discovery-the presence of severe vascular endothelial damage in the kidneys and lungs affected by DQ. Therefore, we hypothesize that DQ poisoning may be attributed to oxidative stress damage and cell apoptosis in EC, ultimately resulting in multiple organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ying Cen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Critical Illness in Dongguan City, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan 523903, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Critical Illness in Dongguan City, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan 523903, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong-An Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guang-Yao Zhong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital, Dongguan 523576, Guangdong Province, China
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12
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Cen XY, Chen Y, Xu YA, Zhong GY. Vascular endothelium, a promising target for effectively treating fulminant diquat intoxication? World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:2917-2920. [PMID: 38898842 PMCID: PMC11185395 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i17.2917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Following the withdrawal of paraquat, diquat (DQ) has emerged as the predominant herbicide. When people come into contact with or ingest DQ, may lead to poisoning and potentially fatal outcomes. Reports suggest that the mortality of DQ poisoning can be as high as 50%. DQ poisoning can be categorized as mild, moderate to severe or fulminant. In cases of fulminant poisoning, victims often succumb to multiple organ failure within 48 h. This presents a significant challenge in the clinical management. Scholars have discovered that oxidative stress, inflammatory injury, and cell apoptosis play crucial roles in the DQ poisoning. However, the underlying connection of the extensive organ damage remains unknown. The abnormal function and activity of endothelial cells (EC) should play a crucial role in tissue damage caused by DQ due to rich microcirculation and high sensitivity to perfusion in the vulnerable organs. However, reports on DQ-induced EC injury is rare. We made a preliminary discovery-the presence of severe vascular endothelial damage in the kidneys and lungs affected by DQ. Therefore, we hypothesize that DQ poisoning may be attributed to EC damage, ultimately resulting in multiple organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ying Cen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Critical Illness in Dongguan City, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan 523903, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Critical Illness in Dongguan City, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan 523903, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong-An Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guang-Yao Zhong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital, Dongguan 523576, Guangdong Province, China
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13
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Meng N, Sun Y, Dong Y, Lv B, Yao D, Gao H, Ma Y, Jin Y, Zhu T, Tian Y. Prognostic value of plasma diquat concentration in patients with acute oral diquat poisoning: a retrospective study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1333450. [PMID: 38894984 PMCID: PMC11184952 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1333450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Diquat poisoning is an important public health and social security agency. This study aimed to develop a prognostic model and evaluate the prognostic value of plasma diquat concentration in patients with acute oral diquat poisoning, focusing on how its impact changes over time after poisoning. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study using electronic healthcare reports from the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University. The study sample included 80 patients with acute oral Diquat poisoning who were admitted to the hospital between January 2019 and May 2022. Time-to-event analyses were performed to assess the risk of all-cause mortality (30 days and 90 days), controlling for demographics, comorbidities, vital signs, and other laboratory measurements. The prognostic value of plasma DQ concentration on admission was assessed by computing the area under a time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results Among the 80 patients, 29 (36.25%) patients died, and 51 (63.75%) patients survived in the hospital. Non-survivors had a median survival time (IQR) of 1.3(1.0) days and the longest survival time of 4.5 days after DQ poisoning. Compared with non-survivors, survivors had significantly lower amounts of ingestion, plasma DQ concentration on admission, lungs injury within 24 h after admission, liver injury within 24 h after admission, kidney injury within 24 h after admission, and CNS injury within 36 h after admission, higher APACHE II score and PSS within 24 h after admission (all p < 0.05). Plasma Diquat concentration at admission (HR = Exp (0.032-0.059 × ln (t))) and PSS within 24 h after admission (HR: 4.470, 95%CI: 1.604 ~ 12.452, p = 0.004) were independent prognostic factors in the time-dependent Cox regression model. Conclusion Plasma DQ concentration at admission and PSS within 24 h after admission are independent prognostic factors for the in-hospital case fatality rate in patients with acute oral DQ poisoning. The prognostic value of plasma DQ concentration decreased with time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yingping Tian
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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14
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Lv M, Du Y. Construction of a mortality risk prediction model for patients with acute diquat poisoning based on clinically accessible data. J Occup Med Toxicol 2024; 19:20. [PMID: 38773656 PMCID: PMC11110376 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-024-00416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the risk factors associated with mortality in individuals suffering from acute diquat poisoning and to develop an effective prediction model using clinical data. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted on the clinical records of 107 individuals who were hospitalized for acute diquat poisoning at a tertiary hospital in Sichuan Province between January 2017 and September 30, 2023, and further categorized into survivor and nonsurvivor groups based on their mortality status within 30 days of poisoning. The patient's demographic information, symptoms within 24 h of admission, and details of the initial clinical ancillary examination, as well as the APACHE II score, were documented. The model was developed using backward stepwise logistic regression, and its performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, Brier scores, decision curve analysis curves, and bootstrap replicates for internal validation. RESULTS Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that blood pressure (hypertension, OR 19.73, 95% CI 5.71-68.16; hypotension, OR 61.38, 95% CI 7.40-509.51), white blood count (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.20-1.52), red cell distribution width-standard deviation (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.08-1.38), and glomerular filtration rate (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.97) were identified as independent risk factors for mortality in patients with diquat. Subsequently, a nomogram with an area under the curve of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.93-1) was developed. Internal bootstrap resampling (1000 repetitions) confirmed the model's adequate discriminatory power, with an area under the curve of 0.97. Decision curve analysis demonstrated greater net gains for the nomogram, while the clinical impact curves indicated greater predictive validity. CONCLUSION The nomogram model developed in this study using available clinical data enhances the prediction of risk for DQ patients and has the potential to provide valuable clinical insights to guide patient treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiu Lv
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Du
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Health Emergency Management Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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15
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Lai K, Wang J, Lin S, Chen Z, Lin G, Ye K, Yuan Y, Lin Y, Zhong CQ, Wu J, Ma H, Xu Y. Sensing of mitochondrial DNA by ZBP1 promotes RIPK3-mediated necroptosis and ferroptosis in response to diquat poisoning. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:635-650. [PMID: 38493248 PMCID: PMC11094118 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Diquat (DQ) poisoning is a severe medical condition associated with life-threatening implications and multiorgan dysfunction. Despite its clinical significance, the precise underlying mechanism remains inadequately understood. This study elucidates that DQ induces instability in the mitochondrial genome of endothelial cells, resulting in the accumulation of Z-form DNA. This process activates Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1), which then interacts with receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), ultimately leading to RIPK3-dependent necroptotic and ferroptotic signaling cascades. Specific deletion of either Zbp1 or Ripk3 in endothelial cells simultaneously inhibits both necroptosis and ferroptosis. This dual inhibition significantly reduces organ damage and lowers mortality rate. Notably, our investigation reveals that RIPK3 has a dual role. It not only phosphorylates MLKL to induce necroptosis but also phosphorylates FSP1 to inhibit its enzymatic activity, promoting ferroptosis. The study further shows that deletion of mixed lineage kinase domain-like (Mlkl) and the augmentation of ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1)-dependent non-canonical vitamin K cycling can provide partial protection against DQ-induced organ damage. Combining Mlkl deletion with vitamin K treatment demonstrates a heightened efficacy in ameliorating multiorgan damage and lethality induced by DQ. Taken together, this study identifies ZBP1 as a crucial sensor for DQ-induced mitochondrial Z-form DNA, initiating RIPK3-dependent necroptosis and ferroptosis. These findings suggest that targeting the ZBP1/RIPK3-dependent necroptotic and ferroptotic pathways could be a promising approach for drug interventions aimed at mitigating the adverse consequences of DQ poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunmei Lai
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Siyi Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Guo Lin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Keng Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Yujiao Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Chuan-Qi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
| | - Huabin Ma
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
| | - Yanfang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China.
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
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16
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Yukawa N, Koppenol WH, Kakizaki E, Sinkawa N, Sonoda A. Possible formation of trioxidocarbonate(•1-) (CO 3•-) instead of hydroxyl radical (HO •) from superoxide anions (O 2•-) during paraquat poisoning under physiological conditions. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2024; 68:102420. [PMID: 38402712 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Yukawa
- Division of Legal Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake-cho, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Willem H Koppenol
- Emeritus, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eiji Kakizaki
- Division of Legal Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake-cho, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sinkawa
- Division of Legal Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake-cho, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Ai Sonoda
- Division of Legal Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake-cho, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
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17
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Duan M, Yang B, Cheng X, Shen F, Lu X, Wang F. Two cases of diquat poisoning in adolescent children. Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:80. [PMID: 38644498 PMCID: PMC11034119 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Diquat (DQ) is among the most widely used herbicides, and its intake can cause severe systemic toxicity that manifests rapidly. The resultant symptoms can cause the dysfunction of a range of tissues and organs,. As there is no specific antidote for diquat poisoning and the efficacy of extant treatments is suboptimal, physicians must acquire a more comprehensive understanding of the most effective approaches to managing affected patients. Relative few studies have been published to date focused on diquat poisoning in pediatric patients. In this report, we compare two similar cases of juvenile diquat poisoning with dynamic changes in clinical manifestations, laboratory values, and imaging results. For the first time, the difference in whether to perform blood flow perfusion and the time difference of initiation of hemoperfusion had a clear clinical difference in the subsequent effects of diquat poisoning in children with diquat poisoning. Limited evidence is available regarding the efficacy of early hemoperfusion for diquat poisoning; however, the differences in clinical outcomes articulated here highlight the benefits of early and timely hemoperfusion therapy in the treatment of DQ toxicity in children, in conjunction with primary supportive care in the management of DQ poisoning in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtao Duan
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, 730030, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Baowang Yang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital , No.82 Cuiyingmen, Linxia Road, Chengguan District, 730030, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiaohang Cheng
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, 730030, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Fuhui Shen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, 730030, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xia Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, 730030, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital , No.82 Cuiyingmen, Linxia Road, Chengguan District, 730030, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China.
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18
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Ren Y, Guo F, Wang L. Imaging Findings and Toxicological Mechanisms of Nervous System Injury Caused by Diquat. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04172-x. [PMID: 38619744 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Diquat (DQ) is a nonselective bipyridine herbicide with a structure resembling paraquat (PQ). In recent years, the utilization of DQ as a substitute for PQ has grown, leading to an increase in DQ poisoning cases. While the toxicity mechanism of DQ remains unclear, it is primarily attributed to the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) through the process of reduction oxidation. This results in oxidative stress, leading to a cascade of clinical symptoms. Notably, recent reports on DQ poisoning have highlighted a concerning trend: an upsurge in cases involving neurological damage caused by DQ poisoning. These patients often present with severe illness and a high mortality rate, with no effective treatment available thus far. Imaging findings from these cases have shown that neurological damage tends to concentrate on the brainstem. However, the specific mechanisms behind this poisoning remain unclear, and no specific antidote exists. This review summarizes the research progress on DQ poisoning and explores potential mechanisms. By shedding light on the nerve damage associated with DQ poisoning, we hope to raise awareness, propose new avenues for investigating the mechanisms of DQ poisoning, and lay the groundwork for the development of treatment strategies for DQ poisoning. Trial registration number: 2024PS174K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanguang Ren
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Tiexi District, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Tiexi District, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Tiexi District, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Zha A, Yan J, Li J, Wang J, Qi M, Liao P, Chun G, Yin Y. Melatonin increased antioxidant capacity to ameliorate growth retardation and intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in diquat-challenged piglets. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:2262-2271. [PMID: 37947497 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diquat is a common environmental pollutant, which can cause oxidative stress in humans and animals. Diquat exposure causes growth retardation and intestinal damage. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the effects of melatonin on diquat-challenged piglets. RESULTS Dietary supplementation with 2 mg kg-1 melatonin significantly increased the average daily gain and feed conversion rate in piglets. Melatonin increased antioxidant capacity, and improved intestinal epithelial barrier function of duodenum and jejunum in piglets. Moreover, melatonin was found to regulated the expression of immune and antioxidant-related genes. Melatonin also alleviated diquat-induced growth retardation and anorexia in diquat-challenged piglets. It also increased antioxidant capacity, and ameliorated diquat-induced intestinal epithelial barrier injury. Melatonin also regulated the expression of MnSOD and immuner-elated genes in intestinal. CONCLUSION Dietary supplementation with 2 mg kg-1 melatonin increased antioxidant capacity to ameliorate diquat-induced oxidative stress, alleviate intestinal epithelial barrier injury, and increase growth performance in weaned piglets. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andong Zha
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiameng Yan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Qi
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Guo Chun
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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20
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Yan M, Liu H, Yang Y, Cheng X, Sun W, Ma T, Cai X. Clinical characteristics of survivors versus non-survivors after acute diquat poisoning: a comparative study. Intern Emerg Med 2024; 19:307-312. [PMID: 38066343 PMCID: PMC10954934 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics between survivors and non-survivors after acute diquat (DQ) poisoning. Patients treated in the Emergency Department of Fu Yang People's Hospital for DQ poisoning between January 2018 and February 2022 were enrolled in this retrospective comparative study. A total of 65 patients were collected, including 36 males (55.4%) and 29 females (44.6%). There were 34 survivors (52.3%), and 31 non-survivors (47.7%). Patients in the non-survivor group were significantly older (P = 0.003), received a higher dose of DQ before admission (P < 0.001), had more severe organ damage (P < 0.001), lower respiration rate (P < 0.001) and enema (P = 0.009), lower GCS score (P = 0.038), and higher SIRS score (P = 0.018) and APACHE-II score (P < 0.001) than patients in the survivor group. Additionally, biochemical indicators after admission between survivors and non-survivors were significantly different (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that respiratory failure (P = 0.021), the dose of DQ (P = 0.022), respiratory rate (P = 0.007), and highest alanine transaminase (ALT) level after admission (P = 0.030) were independent risk factors for acute DQ-induced death. These data suggest that non-survivors with acute DQ poisoning are more likely to suffer from respiratory failure, have higher respiratory rate and ALT after admission, and are exposed higher doses of DQ before admission than survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yan
- Emergency Department, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, 236000, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Emergency Department, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, 236000, China
| | - Yihong Yang
- Emergency Department, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, 236000, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Emergency Department, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, 236000, China
| | - Wanpeng Sun
- Emergency Department, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, 236000, China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Emergency Department, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, 236000, China
| | - Xiaopei Cai
- Emergency Department, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, 236000, China.
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Li J, Zhang J, Jin X, Li S, Du Y, Zeng Y, Wang J, Chen W. Identification and functional prediction of long non-coding RNAs related to oxidative stress in the jejunum of piglets. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:193-202. [PMID: 37641831 PMCID: PMC10766486 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress (OS) is a pathological process arising from the excessive production of free radicals in the body. It has the potential to alter animal gene expression and cause damage to the jejunum. However, there have been few reports of changes in the expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the jejunum in piglets under OS. The purpose of this research was to examine how lncRNAs in piglet jejunum change under OS. METHODS The abdominal cavities of piglets were injected with diquat (DQ) to produce OS. Raw reads were downloaded from the SRA database. RNA-seq was utilized to study the expression of lncRNAs in piglets under OS. Additionally, six randomly selected lncRNAs were verified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR) to examine the mechanism of oxidative damage. RESULTS A total of 79 lncRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) in the treatment group compared to the negative control group. The target genes of DE lncRNAs were enriched in gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways. Chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species, the Foxo signaling pathway, colorectal cancer, and the AMPK signaling pathway were all linked to OS. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that DQ-induced OS causes differential expression of lncRNAs, laying the groundwork for future research into the processes involved in the jejunum's response to OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, 271018,
China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, 271018,
China
| | - Xinlin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, 271018,
China
| | - Shiyin Li
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, 271018,
China
| | - Yingbin Du
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, 271018,
China
| | - Yongqing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, 271018,
China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, 271018,
China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, 271018,
China
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Chen K, Tang Y, Lan L, Li M, Lu Z. Autophagy mediated FTH1 degradation activates gasdermin E dependent pyroptosis contributing to diquat induced kidney injury. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 184:114411. [PMID: 38128689 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by diquat (DQ) progresses rapidly, leading to high mortality, and there is no specific antidote for this chemical. Our limited knowledge of the pathogenic toxicological mechanisms of DQ has hindered the development of treatments against DQ poisoning. Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death and was recently identified as a novel molecular mechanism of drug-induced AKI. To explore the role of pyroptosis in HK-2 cells exposed to DQ, the plasma membrane damage of the cells was detected by LDH release assay. Western blot was performed to detect the cleavage of GSDME. Proteomics analysis was performed to explore the mechanism of DQ induced nephrotoxicity. FerroOrange probe was used to measure the intracellular Fe2+ levels. Herein, we show that DQ induces pyroptosis in HK-2 cells. Mechanistically, DQ induces the accumulation of mitochondrial ROS and initiates the cleavage of gasdermin E (GSDME) in an intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Knockout of GSDME attenuated DQ-induced cell death. Further analysis revealed that loss of FTH1 induces Fe2+ accumulation, contributing to DQ-induced pyroptosis. Knockdown LC3B could help restore the expression of FTH1 and improve cell viability. Moreover, we found DFO, an iron chelator, could reduce cellular Fe2+ levels and inhibit pyroptosis. Collectively, these findings suggest an unrecognized mechanism for GSDME-dependent pyroptosis in DQ-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Chen
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yahui Tang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Linhua Lan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengxuan Li
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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23
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Wu F, Yang X, Wang F, Liu Y, Han S, Liu S, Zhang Z, Chen B. Dietary curcumin supplementation alleviates diquat-induced oxidative stress in the liver of broilers. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103132. [PMID: 37826902 PMCID: PMC10571021 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study purposed to investigate the alleviating effect of dietary curcumin supplementation on oxidative stress in the liver of broilers induced by diquat. One-day-old Cobb broilers (400) were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups, with 8 replicates and 10 broilers per replicate. The control group and the diquat group were fed the basal diet, while the curcumin supplementation groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with different amounts of curcumin (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg). On d 21 of the test, 1 broiler was randomly selected from each replicate and intraperitoneally injected with 20 mg/mL of diquat solution at a dose of 1 mL/kg BW or equivalent physiological saline (for the control group). After 48 h of feeding, the selected broilers were slaughtered for analysis. The results show that diquat treatment reduced the antioxidant capacity of the liver, caused oxidative stress, and affected its lipid metabolism. However, diet supplementation using curcumin completely or partially reversed the effect of diquat on the liver of broilers. The blood alanine aminotransferase activity, total bilirubin and total protein levels, and liver Caspase-3 mRNA abundance in broilers were lower or significantly lower in the curcumin supplementation group than in the diquat group (P < 0.05). The curcumin supplementation groups had significantly higher total antioxidant capacity activity but significantly lower malondialdehyde in the liver of broilers than the diquat group (P < 0.05). The blood triglyceride level of broilers was lower or significantly lower in the curcumin supplementation groups than in the diquat group (P < 0.05). The activities of cetyl coenzyme A carboxylase in the liver were significantly lower in the 150 mg/kg curcumin supplementation groups than in the DQ group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary curcumin supplementation could ameliorate the effects of diquat-induced oxidative stress on the antioxidant capacity, tissue morphology, and lipid metabolism of the liver of broilers, thus protecting the liver. The recommended dosage for broiler diets is 100 to 150 mg/kg curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Fengxia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shuaijuan Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shudong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Zhisheng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Baojiang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China.
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Tian J, Jiang Q, Bao X, Yang F, Li Y, Sun H, Yao K, Yin Y. Plant-derived squalene supplementation improves growth performance and alleviates acute oxidative stress-induced growth retardation and intestinal damage in piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 15:386-398. [PMID: 38058564 PMCID: PMC10695848 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Piglets are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress, which causes inferior growth performance and intestinal damage. Squalene (SQ), a natural bioactive substance enriched in shark liver oil, shows excellent antioxidant properties and can currently be obtained at a low cost from deodorizer distillate during the production of plant oil. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of plant-derived SQ supplementation on the growth performance of piglets and explore the beneficial roles of SQ against oxidative stress and intestinal injury in diquat-challenged piglets. Forty piglets were randomly divided into five groups and fed a basal diet supplemented with SQ at 0, 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg for 5 weeks. Acute oxidative stress was induced in the piglets with diquat (10 mg/kg BW) at the fourth week of the experiment, followed by a 7-d recovery period. Results showed that before the diquat challenge, SQ supplementation significantly improved growth performance (average daily gain and feed conversion ratio) and serum antioxidant status, and after the diquat challenge, SQ supplementation significantly mitigated diquat-induced growth arrest, intestinal villous atrophy, intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, intestinal hyperpermeability, and deficiency of intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1, occludin, and claudin-3). Under oxidative stress induced by diquat, SQ supplementation consistently improved the antioxidant status of the small intestine, liver, and muscle. In vitro, SQ was shown to alleviate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced increase of the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and apoptosis of porcine intestinal epithelial cells. Taken together, SQ supplementation improves growth performance and effectively alleviates acute oxidative stress-induced growth retardation and intestinal injury via improving antioxidant capacity in piglets. Our findings may provide an efficient strategy for alleviating oxidative stress-induced inferior growth performance and intestinal damage in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junquan Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Xuetai Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
| | - Fan Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Haihui Sun
- Yichun Dahaigui Life Science Co., Ltd, Yichun, 336000, China
| | - Kang Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, China
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25
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Xia Z, Liu W, Liu L. Clinical and pathological characteristics of diquat poisoning-related acute kidney injury. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2283590. [PMID: 38010163 PMCID: PMC11001306 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2283590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Diquat has replaced paraquat in agricultural areas as a herbicide but has led to extensive poisoning. Unlike paraquat, which targets the lungs, diquat primarily targets the kidneys. Autopsies and animal experiments suggest that interstitial kidney damage is the most critical renal lesion. Diquat is a nonselective chemical widely used for terrestrial and aquatic plants after the ban on paraquat. Although diquat is known to affect the kidneys mainly, no study has reported renal biopsy in patients with diquat poisoning.Methods: We investigated the histopathologic feature in a young man with diquat poisoning who developed acute kidney injury by renal biopsy.Results: Autopsy and animal experiments suggest that interstitial kidney inflammation is the most critical renal lesion. Surprisingly, our results showed that lipid degeneration and acute tubular injury with limited interstitial inflammation were the dominant histologic findings in this patient. Conclusions: Based on a renal biopsy, this was the first study describing the characteristics of the kidney affected by diquat poisoning. Our findings might provide information for managing patients who develop AKI due to diquat poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Xishui County People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Science and Technology, Huanggang, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huangzhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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胡 惠, 杜 宇. [A Preliminary Study on the Plasma Metabolomic Profiles of Patients Suffering From Acute Diquat Poisoning]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2023; 54:1219-1226. [PMID: 38162068 PMCID: PMC10752779 DOI: 10.12182/20231160601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Objective To analyze the plasma metabolomic features of patients suffering from acute diquat (DQ) poisoning and to explore the molecular mechanism and potential biomarkers of DQ poisoning. Methods A total of 7 patients suffering from acute DQ poisoning were enrolled in the DQ poisoning group. The poisoning of these patients occurred within a 12-h window at the time of enrollment. Meanwhile, 7 healthy immediate family members of the patients were enrolled as the normal controls. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to perform non-targeted metabolomic profiling of the plasma samples and to screen and identify differential metabolites and metabolic pathways. Results A total of 104 metabolites were screened and identified (P<0.05 and the variable importance in the projection [VIP]>1). Compared with those of the control group, 61 metabolites, such as sorbitol and galactitol, were up-regulated, and 43 metabolites, such as myo-inositol and gamma-glutamylcysteine, were down-regulated in the DQ poisoning group. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed changes in 11 metabolic pathways, including those for galactose metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism (P<0.05). Conclusion Metabolomics analysis of plasma samples from DQ poisoning patients shows that DQ mainly interferes with the metabolism of energy, amino acids, and lipids, thus causing metabolic disorders. Some potential biomarkers closely associated with oxidative stress and organ damage of the liver, kidney, and nervous system have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- 惠 胡
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 急诊与重症医学科 (成都 610041)Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine,West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 劳动卫生与环境卫生学系 (成都 610041)Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 四川大学华西-协和陈志潜卫生健康研究院 卫生应急管理研究中心 (成都 610041)Health Emergency Management Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 宇 杜
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 急诊与重症医学科 (成都 610041)Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine,West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 劳动卫生与环境卫生学系 (成都 610041)Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 四川大学华西-协和陈志潜卫生健康研究院 卫生应急管理研究中心 (成都 610041)Health Emergency Management Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Chen Y, Li HY, Liu JS, Jiang DL, Zheng HN, Dong XS. Analysis of Human microRNA Expression Profiling During Diquat-Induced Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cell Injury. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:4953-4965. [PMID: 37927960 PMCID: PMC10625323 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s427004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We established a diquat-induced human kidney-2 cells (HK-2 cells) apoptosis model in this study to identify differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) and signaling pathways involved in diquat poisoning via gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis and explored the related therapeutic benefits. Methods The effects of diquat on the viability and apoptosis of HK-2 cells were explored using the CCK-8 and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining methods. Total RNAs were extracted using the TRizol method and detected by Illumina HiSeq 2500. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to explore differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs, their enriched biological processes, pathways, and potential target genes. The RT-qPCR method was used to verify the reliability of the results. Results Diquat led to HK-2 cell injury and apoptosis played an important role, hence an HK-2 cell apoptosis model in diquat poisoning was established. Thirty-six DE miRNAs were screened in diquat-treated HK-2 cells. The enriched biological process terms were mainly cell growth, regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway, extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway, and Ras protein signal transduction. The enriched cellular components were mainly cell-cell junction, cell-substrate junction, ubiquitin ligase complex, and protein kinase complex. The enriched molecular functions were mainly Ras GTPase binding, ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity, DNA-binding transcription factor binding, ubiquitin-protein transferase activity, nucleoside-triphosphatase regulator activity, transcription coactivator activity, and ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding. Signaling pathways such as MAPK, FoxO, Ras, PIK3-Akt, and Wnt were also enriched. Conclusion These findings aid in understanding the mechanisms of diquat poisoning and the related pathways, where DE miRNAs serve as targets for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Yi Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Shu Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dao-long Jiang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao-nan Zheng
- No.105 Phase, The First Clinical College of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Song Dong
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People’s Republic of China
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Afzal S, Abdul Manap AS, Attiq A, Albokhadaim I, Kandeel M, Alhojaily SM. From imbalance to impairment: the central role of reactive oxygen species in oxidative stress-induced disorders and therapeutic exploration. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1269581. [PMID: 37927596 PMCID: PMC10622810 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1269581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased production and buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to various health issues, including metabolic problems, cancers, and neurological conditions. Our bodies counteract ROS with biological antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, and GPx, which help prevent cellular damage. However, if there is an imbalance between ROS and these antioxidants, it can result in oxidative stress. This can cause genetic and epigenetic changes at the molecular level. This review delves into how ROS plays a role in disorders caused by oxidative stress. We also look at animal models used for researching ROS pathways. This study offers insights into the mechanism, pathology, epigenetic changes, and animal models to assist in drug development and disease understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryar Afzal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aimi Syamima Abdul Manap
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Attiq
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Albokhadaim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Sameer M. Alhojaily
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Cui S, Zhang X, Wang C, Sun C, Shi L, Kan B, Li Q, Jian X. Study on the therapeutic effect of glucocorticoids on acute kidney injury in rats exposed to diquat. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115310. [PMID: 37573654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To preliminarily explore, whether glucocorticoids have a therapeutic effect on diquat-induced acute kidney injury in rats. METHOD 150 Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: exposure model group (DQ group), dexamethasone control group (GC group), blank control group (Ctrl group), dexamethasone 2.1 mg/kg dose group (DQ+L-GC group), dexamethasone 4.2 mg/kg dose group (DQ+M-GC group), and dexamethasone 8.4 mg/kg dose group (DQ+H-GC group), with 25 rats in each group. Each group was further divided into five subgroups, 24 h, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, and 21 d after exposure, according to the feeding time and the course of treatment, with five animals in each subgroup. The rats in DQ, DQ+L-GC, DQ+M-GC, and DQ+H-GC groups were administered 115.5 mg/kg diquat by gavage, respectively. Moreover, 30 min after gavage, rats in DQ+L-GC group, DQ+M-GC group, DQ+H-GC group and GC group were intragastric administered dexamethasone 2.1 mg/kg, 4.2 mg/kg, 8.4 mg/kg and 8.4 mg/kg, respectively. After 7 days, the intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone was changed to 6.3 mg/kg prednisone by intragastric administration. Subsequently, 7 days later, it was changed to 3.15 mg/kg prednisone by intragastric administration until the end of the experiment on 21 days. After the start of the experiment, changes in the conditions of the rats in each group were observed at a fixed time every day, changes in the body weight of the rats were monitored at the same time, and the death of the rats was recorded at 24 h, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, and 21 d after exposure. The rats were sacrificed by an intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital overdose. Blood was collected by puncture of the inferior vena cava, used to determine Cr and BUN. The upper segment of the left kidney was collected for histopathological examination. Elisa was used to detect neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in the lower segment of left kidney. TLR4, Myd88, and NF-κB were detected in the right kidney. RESULTS (1) After exposure, most rats in DQ group, DQ+L-GC group, DQ+M-GC group and DQ+H-GC group showed shortness of breath, oliguria, diarrhea, yellow hair and other symptoms. No symptoms and related signs were observed in Ctrl group and GC group. (2) The weight of rats in the Ctrl group and the GC group increased slowly during the test. the body weight of the rats in the DQ, DQ+L-GC, DQ+M-GC, and DQ+H-GC groups continued to decrease after self-infection. Body weight dropped to the lowest point at approximately 7 d, and gradually increased from 7 d to 21 d. (3) A small amount of capillary congestion in the medulla was observed after 7 days in the GC group. The DQ group showed tubular atrophy, edema of the epithelial cells, and over time, the tubules were seen dilated and became irregular in shape; large amount of capillary congestion was also observed in the renal cortex and medulla. The renal injury in the DQ+L-GC group was less than that in the DQ group. DQ+H-GC group had no obvious injury before 7 d, but more renal tubules were seen in the DQ+H-GC group from 7 d to 14 d. (4) Compared with the DQ group, there was no difference before 14 d, and at 14 d-21 d, DQ+L-GC group, DQ+M-GC group, DQ+H-GC group all had different degrees of decline. NGAL content: Compared with the DQ group, the content of NGAL and KIM-1 in kidney tissue of the DQ+L-GC, DQ+M-GC, and DQ+H-GC groups decreased compared with the DQ group at each time node. (5) Compared with the Ctrl group, the expression of TNF-α, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB in the DQ, DQ+L-GC, DQ+M-GC, and DQ+H-GC groups at each time node increased in the renal tissue. The content of TNF-α, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB in kidney tissue of the DQ+L-GC, DQ+M-GC, and DQ+H-GC groups at each time node was lower than that in the DQ group. CONCLUSION (1) Diquat can cause kidney damage in rats, mainly manifested as renal tubular atrophy, epithelial cell edema, capillary congestion and dilation, and the renal function damage indicators have been improved to varying degrees. (2) Glucocorticoids have therapeutic effects on acute kidney injury in rats exposed to diquat. During the treatment, the efficacy of glucocorticoids did not increase with increasing doses after reaching a dose of 4.2 mg/kg. (3) TLR4 receptor-mediated TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in the inflammatory response of acute kidney injury in diquat poisoning rats. Glucocorticoids can inhibit the inflammatory response, thereby affecting the expression of TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Cui
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiangxing Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Cece Sun
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Longke Shi
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Baotian Kan
- Department of Geriatric medicine, Department of nursing, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qilu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Xiangdong Jian
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Fan CY, Zhang CG, Zhang PS, Chen Y, He JQ, Yin H, Gong XJ. Acute diquat poisoning case with multiorgan failure and a literature review: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:6565-6572. [PMID: 37900248 PMCID: PMC10600979 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i27.6565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the withdrawal of paraquat from the market, diquat is widely used, so the treatment of diquat poisoning has become one of the focuses of emergency poisoning diagnosis and treatment. CASE SUMMARY We studied the case of a 17-year-old male patient who drank 200 mL (20 g/100 mL) of diquat solution two hours before arriving at the hospital. Despite the use of treatments such as gastric lavage, hemoperfusion, continuous hemodialysis, glucocorticoids, and organ support, the patient's condition rapidly progressed to multiorgan failure, and he died 23.5 h after admission. CONCLUSION We summarized the clinical characteristics and treatment strategies of diquat poisoning through this case and performed a literature review to provide a basis and direction for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Fan
- Emergency Department, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Chen-Guang Zhang
- Emergency Department, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Peng-Shu Zhang
- Emergency Department, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Emergency Department, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Jian-Qiang He
- Emergency Department, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - He Yin
- Emergency Department, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Gong
- Emergency Department, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
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Sun C, Ye L, Wang L, Hu Z, Ding J. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of a gold core-silver shell-sponge substrate for detection of thiram and diquat. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4645-4655. [PMID: 37665316 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00922j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at the difficulty of traditional pesticide sampling, a low-cost and convenient flexible surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) gold core-silver shell-sponge (Au-Ag-sponge) substrate was synthesized by chemical reduction. The SERS substrate consisted of Au-AgNPs and a melamine sponge. The sponge had a rich open pore structure, which could well "capture" Au-AgNPs, generating a large number of "hot spots". The SERS enhancement activity of the flexible substrate was characterized with rhodamine 6G (R6G) Raman probe molecules. The substrate showed good activity to 10-12 M rhodamine 6G with an enhancement factor (EF) of 7.72 × 106. Applying this substrate to the qualitative and quantitative detection of pesticide residues, the results showed that the Raman intensity was well related to the concentration of pesticide solution with the range of 0.1-10 mg L-1 of thiram and 1-10 mg L-1 of diquat. Furthermore, the substrate was analyzed by finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation and the results were in good agreement with the experimental results. The reason for the difference in Raman signals of pesticide molecules on the same substrate was the different binding modes of Au-AgNPs on the sponge. Finally, we pointed out the advantages of flexible substrates in the field of pesticide residues, as well as future opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Jianghan University, Hubei, Wuhan, China.
| | - Li Ye
- College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Jianghan University, Hubei, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lizheng Wang
- College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Jianghan University, Hubei, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhiming Hu
- College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Jianghan University, Hubei, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jianjun Ding
- College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Jianghan University, Hubei, Wuhan, China.
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Dai X, Liu M, Xu S, Zhao H, Li X, Bai Y, Zou Y, An Y, Fan F, Zhang J, Cai B. Metabolomics profile of plasma in acute diquat-poisoned patients using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 176:113765. [PMID: 37023971 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Diquat (DQ) has been confirmed to be toxic to humans and responsible for severe health impairment. While to date, very little is known about the toxicological mechanisms of DQ. Thus, investigations to discover the toxic targets and potential biomarkers of DQ poisoning are urgently needed. In this study, a metabolic profiling analysis was conducted to reveal the changes of metabolites of plasma and find out the potential biomarkers of DQ intoxication by GC-MS. First, multivariate statistical analysis demonstrated that acute DQ poisoning can lead to metabolomic changes in human plasma. Then, metabolomics studies showed that 31 of the identified metabolites were significantly altered by DQ. Pathway analysis indicated that three primarily metabolic pathways including phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism were affected by DQ, resulting in the perturbations of phenylalanine, tyrosine, taurine, and cysteine. Finally, the results of receiver operating characteristic analysis showed the above four metabolites could be used as reliable tools for the diagnosis and severity assessments of DQ intoxication. These data provided the theoretical basis for basic research to understand the potential mechanisms of DQ poisoning, and also identified the desirable biomarkers with great potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Maozhu Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuyun Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Han Zhao
- West China Clinical Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- West China Clinical Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yangjuan Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuangao Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunfei An
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Fan
- West China School of Basic Medical Science & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bei Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Li W, Wei H, Li N, Li S, Liu Y, Liu R, Zou W, Hu P, Zhang Z, Wang C. Rapid identification and quantification of diquat in biological fluids within 30 s using a portable Raman spectrometer. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 225:115083. [PMID: 36716572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detection of diquat (DQ) is essential in clinical diagnosis and rescue. Here, we developed a fast, simple-yet-practical detection strategy for the reliable identification and quantification of DQ in biological fluids. Based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), point-of-care detection was realized under the acidic condition with gold nanoparticles as the substrate. Under optimal experimental conditions, the detection limits of the strategy were 17.5 ppb and 1.99 ppm in human urine and gastric juice, respectively. High specificity and selectivity of the SERS strategy were demonstrated using common pesticides and coexisting biological substances. The method was also used to detect biofluids from 5 patients and urine samples from 10 healthy volunteers. The results were in high agreement with spectrophotometric and clinical liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. The volume of urine samples required for this technique is merely 20 μL, and no preparation of the samples is required. Compared to traditional methods used in clinical settings, SERS-based methods are capable of real-time measurements that accurately provide rapid detection and response in non-laboratory settings, with great potential for on-site and point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanru Li
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, PR China
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, PR China
| | - Nianlu Li
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, PR China
| | - Shunyu Li
- Emergency Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yaru Liu
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ranran Liu
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, PR China
| | - Wei Zou
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, PR China
| | - Peishan Hu
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, PR China
| | - Zhihu Zhang
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, PR China.
| | - Cuijuan Wang
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, PR China.
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Zhang H, Zhang J, Li J, Mao Z, Qian J, Zong C, Sun H, Yuan B. Multi-Omics Analyses Reveal the Mechanisms of Early Stage Kidney Toxicity by Diquat. TOXICS 2023; 11:184. [PMID: 36851058 PMCID: PMC9966843 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Diquat (DQ), a widely used bipyridyl herbicide, is associated with significantly higher rates of kidney injuries compared to other pesticides. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we identified the molecular changes in the early stage of DQ-induced kidney damage in a mouse model through transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analyses. We identified 869 genes, 351 proteins and 96 metabolites that were differentially expressed in the DQ-treated mice relative to the control mice (p < 0.05), and showed significant enrichment in the PPAR signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism. Hmgcs2, Cyp4a10, Cyp4a14 and Lpl were identified as the major proteins/genes associated with DQ-induced kidney damage. In addition, eicosapentaenoic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid were the major metabolites related to DQ-induced kidney injury. Overall, the multi-omics analysis showed that DQ-induced kidney damage is associated with dysregulation of the PPAR signaling pathway, and an aberrant increase in Hmgcs2 expression and 3-hydroxybutyric acid levels. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular basis of DQ-induced early kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Institute of Poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Institute of Poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Institute of Poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Zhengsheng Mao
- Institute of Poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Jian Qian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Cheng Zong
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Institute of Poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Beilei Yuan
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Yang L, Cheng J, Xu D, Zhang Z, Hua R, Chen H, Duan J, Li X, Li Q. Melatonin Ameliorates Diquat-Induced Testicular Toxicity via Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inhibiting Apoptosis, and Maintaining the Integrity of Blood-Testis Barrier in Mice. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11020160. [PMID: 36851035 PMCID: PMC9958747 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diquat is a fast, potent, and widely used bipyridine herbicide in agriculture and it induces oxidative stress in several animal models. However, its genotoxic effects on the male reproductive system remain unclear. Melatonin is an effective free-radical scavenger, which has antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties and can protect the testes against oxidative damage. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of melatonin on diquat-induced testicular injury in mice. The results showed melatonin treatment alleviated diquat-induced testicular injury, including inhibited spermatogenesis, increased sperm malformations, declined testosterone level and decreased fertility. Specifically, melatonin therapy countered diquat-induced oxidative stress by increasing production of the antioxidant enzymes GPX1 and SOD1. Melatonin treatment also attenuated diquat-induced spermatogonia apoptosis in vivo and in vitro by modulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, including P53, Cleaved-Caspase3, and Bax/Bcl2. Moreover, melatonin restored the blood-testicular barrier by promoting the expression of Sertoli cell junction proteins and maintaining the ordered distribution of ZO-1. These findings indicate that melatonin protects the testes against diquat-induced damage by reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting apoptosis, and maintaining the integrity of the blood-testis barrier in mice. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research to protect male reproductive health from agricultural pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jianyong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Dejun Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zelin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Rongmao Hua
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Huali Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Jiaxin Duan
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Qingwang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
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Chen Y, Ou Z, Zhang R, Long Z, Fu R, Tang S, Wang Z. Case report: Successful outcome of a young patient with rhabdomyolysis and shock caused by diquat poisoning. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1116912. [PMID: 36817796 PMCID: PMC9937055 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1116912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of diquat as a substitute for paraquat has led to an increase in poisoning deaths. A successful case of diquat poisoning complicated with rhabdomyolysis and shock was lacking. A 13-year-old previously healthy girl ingested 40 ml of diquat solution in a suicide attempt. The concentration of diquat in serum was 436.2 ug/L at 10 h after poisoning. The clinical course was characterized by progressive multi-organ dysfunction, particularly rhabdomyolysis and shock. The main treatments included intensive hemoperfusion combined with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), drainage, and activated carbon adsorption. Meanwhile, accurate dilatation under the model of pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PICCO) was essential for the successful treatment of shock. The serum concentration of diquat declined to 20 ug/L after 96 h of treatments. The patient was discharged from the hospital after 3 weeks of treatment without obvious symptoms. So far, this was the first successful case of diquat poisoning complicated with rhabdomyolysis and shock, which would enrich the experience of diquat poisoning treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Twelfth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zejin Ou
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health, Guangzhou Twelfth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruichang Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Twelfth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhong Long
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Twelfth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rushen Fu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Twelfth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health, Guangzhou Twelfth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health, Guangzhou Twelfth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhi Wang,
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Fama F, Feltracco M, Moro G, Barbaro E, Bassanello M, Gambaro A, Zanardi C. Pesticides monitoring in biological fluids: Mapping the gaps in analytical strategies. Talanta 2023; 253:123969. [PMID: 36191513 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides play a key-role in the development of the agrifood sector allowing controlling pest growth and, thus, improving the production rates. Pesticides chemical stability is responsible of their persistency in environmental matrices leading to bioaccumulation in animal tissues and hazardous several effects on living organisms. The studies regarding long-term effects of pesticides exposure and their toxicity are still limited to few studies focusing on over-exposed populations, but no extensive dataset is currently available. Pesticides biomonitoring relies mainly on chromatographic techniques coupled with mass spectrometry, whose large-scale application is often limited by feasibility constraints (costs, time, etc.). On the contrary, chemical sensors allow rapid, in-situ screening. Several sensors were designed for the detection of pesticides in environmental matrices, but their application in biological fluids needs to be further explored. Aiming at contributing to the implementation of pesticides biomonitoring methods, we mapped the main gaps between screening and chromatographic methods. Our overview focuses on the recent advances (2016-2021) in analytical methods for the determination of commercial pesticides in human biological fluids and provides guidelines for their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fama
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy
| | - Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy
| | - Giulia Moro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy; Istituto di Scienze Polari (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy
| | - Marco Bassanello
- Health Direction Monastier di Treviso Hospital, Via Giovanni XXIII 7, 31050, Treviso, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy; Istituto di Scienze Polari (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy.
| | - Chiara Zanardi
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia, Italy; Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photosynthesis, Research National Council, 40129, Bologna, Italy
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Mahrous MM, Muhammad MA, Kotb NA, Elattar HMS, Elrewieny NM. Medicolegal study of Egyptian suspicious childhood deaths during 2020-2021. J Forensic Leg Med 2023; 94:102472. [PMID: 36577189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2022.102472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric autopsy is an effective tool for identifying the cause and the manner of death in suspicious childhood deaths. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the pattern of suspicious childhood deaths during the recent years (2020-2021) in the Egyptian community and to identify the risk factors to avoid them during the childhood period. SUBJECTS AND METHODS One hundred and fifty Egyptian suspicious child death cadavers (less than 18 years old) were autopsied in Zeinhom Morgue during one-year period (2020-2021). Demographic data, circumstances of death, causes and manner of death were defined and statistically analyzed. RESULTS Identity was known in 77.3% of the studied cases, and male to female ratio was 2.2:1. Most of cases were recruited from Cairo and Giza governorates. Adolescents contributed to about one third of the cases. Deaths at home or in hospital were more than outdoor deaths. Seasonal variation was observed as more cases were autopsied during spring and summer. Homicidal deaths (32%) were more in toddlers and adolescents mostly by blunt trauma (58.3%) with signs of violence and resistance or child abuse, mainly in males. The perpetrator was known to be a family member in more than half of the studied cases (56.25%). Accidental deaths (17.3%) were mainly by firearm injuries or poisoning. Suicidal deaths (13.3%) were represented more in adolescents by hanging or by aluminum phosphide poisoning. Natural deaths (13.3%) by bronchopneumonia or leukemia were found in neonates and adolescents. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (6.7%) was diagnosed by exclusion among neonates and infants only during spring, with equal gender distribution (1:1). Malpractice (6%) leads to death by sepsis or hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS All manners of death contribute to suspicious death during childhood period, especially during summer and spring. Family members are the perpetrator for most of accidental, homicidal or suicidal deaths. RECOMMENDATIONS Training courses are recommended to parents for proper care and protection of their children to avoid violence, abuse and accidents at home or outdoor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Mohamed Mahrous
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mai Ahmad Muhammad
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Nadia Abdelmonem Kotb
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | - Noha Maher Elrewieny
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
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Zha P, Wei L, Liu W, Chen Y, Zhou Y. Effects of dietary supplementation with chlorogenic acid on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and hepatic inflammation in broiler chickens subjected to diquat-induced oxidative stress. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102479. [PMID: 36669355 PMCID: PMC9871335 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on broilers subjected to (DQ)-induced oxidative stress. In experiment 1, one hundred and ninety-two male one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were distributed into 4 groups and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 250, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg CGA for 21 d. In experiment 2, an equivalent number of male one-day-old chicks were allocated to 4 treatments for a 21-d trial: 1) Control group, normal birds fed a basal diet; 2) DQ group, DQ-challenged birds fed a basal diet; and 3) and 4) CGA-treated groups: DQ-challenged birds fed a basal diet supplemented with 500 or 1,000 mg/kg CGA. The intraperitoneal DQ challenge was performed at 20 d. In experiment 1, CGA administration linearly increased 21-d body weight, and weight gain and feed intake during 1 to 21 d (P < 0.05). CGA linearly and/or quadratically increased total antioxidant capacity, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, elevated glutathione level, and reduced malondialdehyde accumulation in serum, liver, and/or jejunum (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, compared with the control group, DQ challenge reduced body weight ratio (P < 0.05), which was reversed by CGA administration (P < 0.05). DQ challenge increased serum total protein level, aspartate aminotransferase activity, and total bilirubin concentration (P < 0.05), which were normalized when supplementing 500 mg/kg and/or 1,000 mg/kg CGA (P < 0.05). DQ administration elevated hepatic interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 levels (P < 0.05), and the values of interleukin-1β were normalized to control values when supplementing CGA (P < 0.05). DQ injection decreased serum superoxide dismutase activity, hepatic catalase activity, and serum and hepatic glutathione level, but increased malondialdehyde concentration in serum and liver (P < 0.05), and the values of these parameters (except hepatic catalase activity) were reversed by 500 and/or 1,000 mg/kg CGA. The results suggested that CGA could improve growth performance, alleviate oxidative stress, and ameliorate hepatic inflammation in DQ-challenged broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yueping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Yu G, Wang J, Jian T, Shi L, Zhao L, Li Y, Gao Y, Kan B, Jian X. Case series: Diquat poisoning with acute kidney failure, myocardial damage, and rhabdomyolysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:991587. [PMID: 36353285 PMCID: PMC9638031 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.991587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diquat is a herbicide that can have deleterious effects on the kidneys, liver, heart, lungs, and central nervous system on ingestion. Diquat poisoning-associated rhabdomyolysis has rarely been reported. We describe two cases of diquat poisoning with acute renal failure, myocardial damage, and rhabdomyolysis. Case 1: A 17-year-old man experienced anuria after ingesting ~200 mL of diquat 16 h prior. On admission, his creatinine (400 μmol/L), urea (11.7 mmol/L), creatine kinase (2,534 IU/L), and myohemoglobin (4,425 ng/mL) concentrations were elevated. Case 2: An 18-year-old woman who ingested ~200 mL of diquat 5.5 h prior to admission had normal creatinine, urea, and creatine kinase concentrations. Eleven hours after ingestion, she developed anuria with elevated creatinine (169 μmol/L) concentration; her creatine kinase (13,617 IU/L) and myohemoglobin (>3,811 ng/mL) concentrations were remarkably elevated 24 h after ingestion. Both patients also had elevated aminotransferase and myocardial enzyme concentrations. After undergoing hemoperfusion and hemofiltration, blood diquat concentrations in cases 1 and 2 on admission (16/6 h after ingestion), after hemoperfusion (20/11 h after ingestion), and after 8 h of hemofiltration/8 h of hemofiltration and 2 h of hemoperfusion (29/21 h after ingestion) were 4.9/9.1, 3.4/5.4, and 1.5/1.2 μg/mL, respectively. Severe diquat poisoning can cause acute kidney failure and rhabdomyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis may induce myocardial injury, aggravating kidney damage, and also increase transaminase concentration. Hemoperfusion and hemofiltration could be effective treatments for eliminating diquat in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcai Yu
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jieru Wang
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The 5th People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Tianzi Jian
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Longke Shi
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China,School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liwen Zhao
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China,School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaqian Li
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yikai Gao
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Baotian Kan
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China,School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Baotian Kan
| | - Xiangdong Jian
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Xiangdong Jian
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Acidifiers Attenuate Diquat-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses by Regulating NF-κB/MAPK/COX-2 Pathways in IPEC-J2 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102002. [PMID: 36290726 PMCID: PMC9598074 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the protective effects and potential mechanisms of acidifiers on intestinal epithelial cells exposure to oxidative stress (OS). IPEC-J2 cells were first pretreated with 5 × 10−5 acidifiers for 4 h before being exposed to the optimal dose of diquat to induce oxidative stress. The results showed that acidifiers attenuated diquat-induced oxidative stress, which manifests as the improvement of antioxidant capacity and the reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. The acidifier treatment decreased cell permeability and enhanced intestinal epithelial barrier function through enhancing the expression of claudin-1 and occludin in diquat-induced cells. Moreover, acidifier treatment attenuated diquat-induced inflammatory responses, which was confirmed by the decreased secretion and gene expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-8) and upregulated anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10). In addition, acidifiers significantly reduced the diquat-induced gene and protein expression levels of COX-2, NF-κB, I-κB-β, ERK1/2, and JNK2, while they increased I-κB-α expression in IPEC-J2 cells. Furthermore, we discovered that acidifiers promoted epithelial cell proliferation (increased expression of PCNA and CCND1) and inhibited apoptosis (decreased expression of BAX, increased expression of BCL-2). Taken together, these results suggest that acidifiers are potent antioxidants that attenuate diquat-induced inflammation, apoptosis, and maintain cellular barrier integrity by regulating the NF-κB/MAPK/COX-2 signaling pathways.
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García-Niño WR, Ibarra-Lara L, Cuevas-Magaña MY, Sánchez-Mendoza A, Armada E. Protective activities of ellagic acid and urolithins against kidney toxicity of environmental pollutants: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:103960. [PMID: 35995378 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are two possible mechanisms related to nephrotoxicity caused by environmental pollutants. Ellagic acid, a powerful antioxidant phytochemical, may have great relevance in mitigating pollutant-induced nephrotoxicity and preventing the progression of kidney disease. This review discusses the latest findings on the protective effects of ellagic acid, its metabolic derivatives, the urolithins, against kidney toxicity caused by heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, and organic air pollutants. We describe the chelating, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, antiautophagic, and antiapoptotic properties of ellagic acid to attenuate nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, we present the molecular targets and signaling pathways that are regulated by these antioxidants, and suggest some others that should be explored. Nevertheless, the number of reports is still limited to establish the efficacy of ellagic acid against kidney damage induced by environmental pollutants. Therefore, additional preclinical studies on this topic are required, as well as the development of well-designed clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wylly Ramsés García-Niño
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Luz Ibarra-Lara
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Mayra Yael Cuevas-Magaña
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Alicia Sánchez-Mendoza
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Elisabeth Armada
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico
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Zhou JN, Lu YQ. Lethal diquat poisoning manifests as acute central nervous system injury and circulatory failure: A retrospective cohort study of 50 cases. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 52:101609. [PMID: 35990582 PMCID: PMC9386369 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mortality rate of patients with diquat (DQ) poisoning is extremely high due to insufficient understanding of DQ-induced injury. This study aimed to summarize the characteristics of DQ poisoning as well as analyse the correlation between plasma DQ concentration and patient outcomes, thus providing a new strategy for diagnosis and treatment. METHODS This single-centre retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Emergency Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China, between Oct 9, 2019 and March 10, 2022. 50 patients, whose plasma or urine samples tested positive for diquat and negative for paraquat by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, were included in the study. FINDINGS The mortality rate of acute DQ poisoning was 25 (50%) of 50. Compared with the survival group, the death group presented significantly higher initial plasma DQ concentration (Cp1), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, serum creatinine, and creatine kinase-MB (P < 0.05). We found that six (24.0%) patients died of central nervous system injury, six (24.0%) patients died of refractory circulatory failure, and 13 (52.0%) patients died of central nervous system injury combined with circulatory failure. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of Cp1 was 0.967 (95% CI: 0.911, 1.000), and the cut-off value was 3516.885 ng/mL (sensitivity, 90.9%; specificity, 96.0%). INTERPRETATION Lethal DQ poisoning is primarily associated with serious brain and vascular injury, as well as a high rate of mortality. Further research into the mechanisms of refractory circulatory failure and central nerve system damage could help reduce mortality. FUNDING There are no funding sources to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ning Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Qiang Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Correspondence author at: 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China.
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Feng D, Fu L, Du X, Yao L. Acute diquat poisoning causes rhabdomyolysis. Am J Med Sci 2022; 364:472-480. [PMID: 35508282 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We studied the case of a 36-year-old female patient who self-administered about 30 ml of diquat solution (200 g/L) during a suicide attempt. She developed nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and weakness in her limbs and was admitted to the emergency department of our hospital 4 h later. The patient developed progressive swelling and pain in both calves 12 h after admission. Based on symptoms, lower limb color Doppler ultrasound, and elevated levels of myoglobin and creatine kinase, the patient was diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis caused by diquat poisoning. The patient recovered and was discharged after treatment with hemoperfusion, continuous venovenous hemodialysis, acid suppression, liver protection, low-dose glucocorticoids, etc. Rhabdomyolysis caused by diquat poisoning has not been previously reported. We attempted to analyze the mechanism of this symptom through a literature review. We recommend the routine monitoring of creatine phosphokinase (CK) and myoglobin (MYO) in patients with diquat poisoning to avoid missed diagnosis. Further, the mechanism of this poisoning symptom was discussed through the literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Feng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Linlin Fu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyu Du
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China.
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Aloise DM, Memon A, Zaldivar A. Diquat Herbicide Organophosphate Poisoning and Multi-Organ Failure: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e27241. [PMID: 36035055 PMCID: PMC9399667 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 63-year-old male landscaper presented to our emergency department (ED) following unintentional ingestion of an herbicide including diquat, a highly lethal toxin. Poison control was consulted, and treatment was centered around emergency hemodialysis to mitigate the nephrotoxic effects of diquat. Unfortunately, our patient did not survive. Unlike most organophosphate poisonings, diquat facilitates the formation of catastrophic amounts of reactive oxygen species leading to lethal consequences for affected cells. The body’s most affected sites are the kidneys, liver, and lungs. Our patient’s accidental diquat consumption illuminates the need for additional research to be done. This case report emphasizes the importance of identifying effective treatments for diquat and similar poisonings that lead to oxidative stress. We seek to describe this uncommon instance of accidental diquat ingestion, including the unique therapeutic regimen, and course of disease progression.
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Chen C, Huang Y, Wu P, Pan J, Guo P, Liu S. In vivo microcapillary sampling coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for real-time monitoring of paraquat and diquat in living vegetables. Food Chem 2022; 388:132998. [PMID: 35453011 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An in vivo microcapillary sampling (MCS) method coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (MALDI-FTICR-MS) analysis was utilized to monitor the real-time bipyridine quaternary ammonium herbicides concentrations and assess their uptake and elimination behaviors in living cabbage plants noninvasively. Under optimized conditions, the proposed method for paraquat (PQ) and diquat (DQ) determination showed wide linear ranges (7.81-500 μg/kg), low limits of detection (0.1-0.9 μg/kg), and good reproducibility. In vivo tracking results demonstrated that different absorption behaviors between PQ and DQ existed in living vegetables and DQ was more easily absorbed. Through decay kinetics model fitting, herbicide half-lives were 1.32 and 1.86 days for PQ and DQ, respectively. To summarize, in vivo MCS method provides valuable information on herbicide risks for agricultural production, which is suitable for temporal, spatial, and longitudinal studies in the same living system and multicompartmental studies in the same organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yan Huang
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, 73 Jianshe South Road, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Peishan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jiachuan Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Pengran Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Shuqin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070, China.
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Miao C, Fan D. Identification of differentially expressed genes and pathways in diquat and paraquat poisoning using bioinformatics analysis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022; 32:678-685. [PMID: 35392760 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2063095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
[Objective] In this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and signaling pathways involved in diquat (DQ) and paraquat (PQ) poisoning were identified via bioinformatics analysis, in order to inform the development of novel clinical treatments. [Methods] Raw data from GSE153959 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. DEGs of the DQ vs. control (CON) and PQ vs. CON comparison groups were identified using R, and DEGs shared by the two groups were identified using TBtools. Subsequently, the shared DEGs were searched in the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases, using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and hub genes were identified using the cytoHubba plug-in in Cytoscape software. Finally, Circos and contrast plots showing the DEGs shared between mouse and human chromosomes were constructed using TBtools. [Results] Thirty- one DEGs shared by the DQ and PQ groups were identified. Enriched biological process terms included positive regulation of cell proliferation and translation. Enriched cellular component terms included extracellular region, intracellular membrane- bounded organelle and mitochondrion. Enriched molecular function terms included transcription factor activity and sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding. Enriched KEGG pathways included the interleukin- 17 signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, and human T- cell leukemia virus 1 infection. The top ten hub genes in the PPI network were Ptgs2, Cxcl2, Csf2, Mmp13, Areg, Plaur, Fosl1, Ereg, Atf3, and Tfrc. Cxcl2, Csf2, and Atf3 played important roles in the mitogen- activated protein kinase signaling pathway. [Conclusions] These pathways and DEGs may serve as targets for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Miao
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dandan Fan
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Sun H, Mao Z, Mei Y, Chen F, Zhang J. Case report of intramuscular injection of diquat. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2022; 60:986-988. [PMID: 35384770 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2022.2058530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Institute of Poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhengsheng Mao
- Institute of Poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yong Mei
- Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute of Poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Institute of Poisoning, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Basilicata P, Pieri M, Simonelli A, Capasso E, Casella C, Noto T, Policino F, Di Lorenzo P. Diquat Poisoning: Care Management and Medico-Legal Implications. TOXICS 2022; 10:166. [PMID: 35448427 PMCID: PMC9030962 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute chemical intoxication represents one of the major causes of Emergency Room admittance, and possible errors in diagnosis are extremely frequent, especially when patients present generic and non-specific symptoms. Diquat, a bipyridyl class of herbicides, exerts high intrinsic toxicity as a consequence of free oxygen radicals, leading to cellular death and organ dysfunctions. Following ingestion, with the major source of absorption for suicidal purposes, the chemical induces local irritating effects; systemic symptoms appear later, while specific symptoms can occur in the following 48 h. A smoker and hypertensive 50-year-old man arrives at the E.R., reporting that an episode of herbicide inhalation occurred few hours earlier. Physical examination evidenced alkalosis with hypoxemia, leucocytosis, mild hyperglycaemia and moderate increase in creatine kinase and myoglobin. Despite blood creatine kinase and myoglobin values that were higher than normal, he was prescribed with hydration and anti-pain therapy. During the night, the man left the hospital; he returned the next morning at 8:45 a.m., with cardiorespiratory arrest, medium fixed non-reactive mydriasis, diffused cyanosis of the skin and of the mucous membranes, as well as imperceptible pulse and peripheral pressure. Despite resuscitation attempts, the patient died at 9:30 a.m.; the body was immediately transferred to the morgue. Autopsy and toxicological analyses were carried out nine days later, evidencing paraquat ingestion for suicidal purposes. GC/MS analyses to verify the presence of diquat were performed on body fluids and gastric and colon contents; all specimens resulted positive, thus confirming the cause of death as herbicide ingestion (blood diquat concentration of 1.2 mg/L; more than twice the minimum to observe a systemic poisoning). The procedure followed for patient management resulted to be not in line with the provisions of both guidelines and good clinical practices. Staff did not perform clinical-diagnostical monitoring of the patient's condition or ask for more specific analyses (i.e., serum creatine phosphokinase monitoring). This misconduct led to a decrease in the patient's chances to survive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Basilicata
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science-Legal Medicine Section, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.B.); (M.P.); (E.C.); (C.C.); (F.P.); (P.D.L.)
| | - Maria Pieri
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science-Legal Medicine Section, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.B.); (M.P.); (E.C.); (C.C.); (F.P.); (P.D.L.)
| | - Angela Simonelli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science-Legal Medicine Section, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.B.); (M.P.); (E.C.); (C.C.); (F.P.); (P.D.L.)
| | - Emanuele Capasso
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science-Legal Medicine Section, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.B.); (M.P.); (E.C.); (C.C.); (F.P.); (P.D.L.)
| | - Claudia Casella
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science-Legal Medicine Section, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.B.); (M.P.); (E.C.); (C.C.); (F.P.); (P.D.L.)
| | - Tina Noto
- Department of Forensic and Forensic Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Fabio Policino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science-Legal Medicine Section, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.B.); (M.P.); (E.C.); (C.C.); (F.P.); (P.D.L.)
| | - Pierpaolo Di Lorenzo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science-Legal Medicine Section, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.B.); (M.P.); (E.C.); (C.C.); (F.P.); (P.D.L.)
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Wu Y, Cui S, Wang W, Jian T, Kan B, Jian X. Kidney and lung injury in rats following acute diquat exposure. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:275. [PMID: 35251341 PMCID: PMC8892614 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diquat (1,1'-ethylene-2,2'-bipyridylium) is a type of widely used agricultural chemical, whose toxicity results in damage to numerous tissues, including the lung, liver, kidney and brain. The aim of the present study was to establish a rat model of acute diquat exposure and explore the relationship between diquat concentration, and kidney and lung injury, in order to provide an experimental basis for clinical treatment. A total of 140 healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and exposure groups. The diquat solution was administered intragastrically to the exposure group at 1/2 of the lethal dose (140 mg/kg). An equal volume of water was administered to the control group. The dynamic changes in the plasma and tissue diquat levels were quantitatively determined at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h following exposure using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The content of hydroxyproline (HYP) in the lung tissues, as well as the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and tumor growth factor (TGF)-β1, were detected using western blot analysis at every time point. Lung and kidney morphology were also assessed. Electron microscopy showed that the degree of renal damage gradually increased with time. Vacuolation gradually increased, some mitochondrial bilayer membrane structures disappeared and lysosomes increased. The lung tissue damage was mild, and the cell membrane integrity and organelles were damaged to varying degrees. The plasma and organ levels of diquat peaked at ~2 h, followed by a steady decrease, depending on the excretion rate. Over time, the serum concentrations of UA, BUN, Cr and KIM-1 were all significantly increased (P<0.05). Serum KIM-1 in rats was increased after 0.5 h, and was significantly increased after 4 h, suggesting that KIM-1 is an effective predictor of early renal injury. Early TGF-β1 expression was clearly observed in renal tissue, while no clear TGF-β1 expression was observed in the lung tissue. In conclusion, the concentration of diquat in the serum and tissue of rats with acute diquat poisoning peaked at an early stage and then rapidly decreased. The renal function damage and pathological changes persisted, the lung tissue was slightly damaged with inflammatory cell infiltration, and early pulmonary fibrosis injury was not obvious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzheng Wu
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Siqi Cui
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Tianzi Jian
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Baotian Kan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Jian
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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