1
|
Malara M, Prestel M, Tahirovic S. Endo-lysosomal dysfunction and neuronal-glial crosstalk in Niemann-Pick type C disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220388. [PMID: 38368932 PMCID: PMC10874755 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a rare progressive lysosomal lipid storage disorder that manifests with a heterogeneous spectrum of clinical syndromes, including visceral, neurological and psychiatric symptoms. This monogenetic autosomal recessive disease is largely caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, which controls intracellular lipid homeostasis. Vesicle-mediated endo-lysosomal lipid trafficking and non-vesicular lipid exchange via inter-organelle membrane contact sites are both regulated by the NPC1 protein. Loss of NPC1 function therefore triggers intracellular accumulation of diverse lipid species, including cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, sphingomyelin and sphingosine. The NPC1-mediated dysfunction of lipid transport has severe consequences for all brain cells, leading to neurodegeneration. Besides the cell-autonomous contribution of neuronal NPC1, aberrant NPC1 signalling in other brain cells is critical for the pathology. We discuss here the importance of endo-lysosomal dysfunction and a tight crosstalk between neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia in NPC pathology. We strongly believe that a cell-specific rescue may not be sufficient to counteract the severity of the NPC pathology, but targeting common mechanisms, such as endo-lysosomal and lipid trafficking dysfunction, may ameliorate NPC pathology. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Understanding the endo-lysosomal network in neurodegeneration'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariagiovanna Malara
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Prestel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pfrieger FW. The Niemann-Pick type diseases – A synopsis of inborn errors in sphingolipid and cholesterol metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 90:101225. [PMID: 37003582 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Disturbances of lipid homeostasis in cells provoke human diseases. The elucidation of the underlying mechanisms and the development of efficient therapies represent formidable challenges for biomedical research. Exemplary cases are two rare, autosomal recessive, and ultimately fatal lysosomal diseases historically named "Niemann-Pick" honoring the physicians, whose pioneering observations led to their discovery. Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) and Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD) are caused by specific variants of the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) and NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1) or NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 2 (NPC2) genes that perturb homeostasis of two key membrane components, sphingomyelin and cholesterol, respectively. Patients with severe forms of these diseases present visceral and neurologic symptoms and succumb to premature death. This synopsis traces the tortuous discovery of the Niemann-Pick diseases, highlights important advances with respect to genetic culprits and cellular mechanisms, and exposes efforts to improve diagnosis and to explore new therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kovacs T, Nagy P, Panyi G, Szente L, Varga Z, Zakany F. Cyclodextrins: Only Pharmaceutical Excipients or Full-Fledged Drug Candidates? Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122559. [PMID: 36559052 PMCID: PMC9788615 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins, representing a versatile family of cyclic oligosaccharides, have extensive pharmaceutical applications due to their unique truncated cone-shaped structure with a hydrophilic outer surface and a hydrophobic cavity, which enables them to form non-covalent host-guest inclusion complexes in pharmaceutical formulations to enhance the solubility, stability and bioavailability of numerous drug molecules. As a result, cyclodextrins are mostly considered as inert carriers during their medical application, while their ability to interact not only with small molecules but also with lipids and proteins is largely neglected. By forming inclusion complexes with cholesterol, cyclodextrins deplete cholesterol from cellular membranes and thereby influence protein function indirectly through alterations in biophysical properties and lateral heterogeneity of bilayers. In this review, we summarize the general chemical principles of direct cyclodextrin-protein interactions and highlight, through relevant examples, how these interactions can modify protein functions in vivo, which, despite their huge potential, have been completely unexploited in therapy so far. Finally, we give a brief overview of disorders such as Niemann-Pick type C disease, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, in which cyclodextrins already have or could have the potential to be active therapeutic agents due to their cholesterol-complexing or direct protein-targeting properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Kovacs
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lajos Szente
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin R & D Laboratory Ltd., H-1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Florina Zakany
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sabitha KR, Chandran D, Shetty AK, Upadhya D. Delineating the neuropathology of lysosomal storage diseases using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:221-238. [PMID: 35316126 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSD) are inherited metabolic diseases caused due to deficiency of lysosomal enzymes, essential for the normal development of the brain and other organs. Approximately two-thirds of the patients suffering from LSD exhibit neurological deficits and impose an escalating challenge to the medical and scientific field. The advent of iPSC technology has aided researchers in efficiently generating functional neuronal and non-neuronal cells through directed differentiation protocols, as well as in decoding the cellular, subcellular and molecular defects associated with LSDs using two-dimensional cultures and cerebral organoid models. This review highlights the information assembled from patient-derived iPSCs on neurodevelopmental and neuropathological defects identified in LSDs. Multiple studies have identified neural progenitor cell migration and differentiation defects, substrate accumulation, axon growth and myelination defects, impaired calcium homeostasis and altered electrophysiological properties, using patient-derived iPSCs. In addition, these studies have also uncovered defective lysosomes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, autophagy and vesicle trafficking and signaling pathways, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, blood brain barrier dysfunction, neurodegeneration, gliosis, altered transcriptomes in LSDs. The review also discusses the therapeutic applications such as drug discovery, repurposing of drugs, synergistic effects of drugs, targeted molecular therapies, gene therapy, and transplantation applications of mutation corrected lines identified using patient-derived iPSCs for different LSDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K R Sabitha
- Kasturba Medical College Manipal, 29224, Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Manipal, Karnataka, India;
| | - Divya Chandran
- Kasturba Medical College Manipal, 29224, Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Manipal, Karnataka, India;
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Texas A&M University College Station, 14736, College of Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, College Station, Texas, United States;
| | - Dinesh Upadhya
- Kasturba Medical College Manipal, 29224, Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Manipal, Karnataka, India;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hong J, Cheng YS, Yang S, Swaroop M, Xu M, Beers J, Zou J, Huang W, Marugan JJ, Cai X, Zheng W. iPS-derived neural stem cells for disease modeling and evaluation of therapeutics for mucopolysaccharidosis type II. Exp Cell Res 2022; 412:113007. [PMID: 34990619 PMCID: PMC8810712 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.113007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), also known as Hunter syndrome, is a rare, lysosomal disorder caused by mutations in a gene encoding iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS). IDS deficiency results in an accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and secondary accumulations of other lipids in lysosomes. Symptoms of MPS II include a variety of soft and hard tissue problems, developmental delay, and deterioration of multiple organs. Enzyme replacement therapy is an approved treatment for MPS II, but fails to improve neuronal symptoms. Cell-based neuronal models of MPS II disease are needed for compound screening and drug development for the treatment of the neuronal symptoms in MPS II. In this study, three induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines were generated from three MPS II patient-derived dermal fibroblast cell lines that were differentiated into neural stem cells and neurons. The disease phenotypes were measured using immunofluorescence staining and Nile red dye staining. In addition, the therapeutic effects of recombinant human IDS enzyme, delta-tocopherol (DT), and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) were determined in the MPS II disease cells. Finally, the neural stem cells from two of the MPS II iPSC lines exhibited typical disease features including a deficiency of IDS activity, abnormal glycosaminoglycan storage, and secondary lipid accumulation. Enzyme replacement therapy partially rescued the disease phenotypes in these cells. DT showed a significant effect in reducing the secondary accumulation of lipids in the MPS II neural stem cells. In contrast, HPBCD displayed limited or no effect in these cells. Our data indicate that these MPS II cells can be used as a cell-based disease model to study disease pathogenesis, evaluate drug efficacy, and screen compounds for drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hong
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Shan Cheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shu Yang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manju Swaroop
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Miao Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeanette Beers
- iPSC Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jizhong Zou
- iPSC Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wenwei Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan J Marugan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Modeling and Targeting Neuroglial Interactions with Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031684. [PMID: 35163606 PMCID: PMC8836094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation of relevant and robust models for neurological disorders is of main importance for both target identification and drug discovery. The non-cell autonomous effects of glial cells on neurons have been described in a broad range of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, pointing to neuroglial interactions as novel alternative targets for therapeutics development. Interestingly, the recent breakthrough discovery of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has opened a new road for studying neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders “in a dish”. Here, we provide an overview of the generation and modeling of both neuronal and glial cells from human iPSCs and a brief synthesis of recent work investigating neuroglial interactions using hiPSCs in a pathophysiological context.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
The possibility of reprogramming human somatic cells to pluripotency has opened unprecedented opportunities for creating genuinely human experimental models of disease. Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) constitute a greatly heterogeneous class of diseases that appear, in principle, especially suited to be modeled by iPSC-based technology. Indeed, dozens of IEMs have already been modeled to some extent using patient-specific iPSCs. Here, we review the advantages and disadvantages of iPSC-based disease modeling in the context of IEMs, as well as particular challenges associated to this approach, together with solutions researchers have proposed to tackle them. We have structured this review around six lessons that we have learnt from those previous modeling efforts, and that we believe should be carefully considered by researchers wishing to embark in future iPSC-based models of IEMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Escribá
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia - P-[CMRC], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research On Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Ferrer-Lorente
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia - P-[CMRC], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research On Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Raya
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
- Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia - P-[CMRC], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research On Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Prabhu AV, Kang I, De Pace R, Wassif CA, Fujiwara H, Kell P, Jiang X, Ory DS, Bonifacino JS, Ward ME, Porter FD. A human iPSC-derived inducible neuronal model of Niemann-Pick disease, type C1. BMC Biol 2021; 19:218. [PMID: 34592985 PMCID: PMC8485536 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Niemann-Pick disease, type C (NPC) is a childhood-onset, lethal, neurodegenerative disorder caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the genes NPC1 or NPC2 and characterized by impaired cholesterol homeostasis, a lipid essential for cellular function. Cellular cholesterol levels are tightly regulated, and mutations in either NPC1 or NPC2 lead to deficient transport and accumulation of unesterified cholesterol in the late endosome/lysosome compartment, and progressive neurodegeneration in affected individuals. Previous cell-based studies to understand the NPC cellular pathophysiology and screen for therapeutic agents have mainly used patient fibroblasts. However, these do not allow modeling the neurodegenerative aspect of NPC disease, highlighting the need for an in vitro system that permits understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying neuronal loss and identifying appropriate therapies. This study reports the development of a novel human iPSC-derived, inducible neuronal model of Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1). RESULTS We generated a null i3Neuron (inducible × integrated × isogenic) (NPC1-/- i3Neuron) iPSC-derived neuron model of NPC1. The NPC1-/- and the corresponding isogenic NPC1+/+ i3Neuron cell lines were used to efficiently generate homogenous, synchronized neurons that can be used in high-throughput screens. NPC1-/- i3Neurons recapitulate cardinal cellular NPC1 pathological features including perinuclear endolysosomal storage of unesterified cholesterol, accumulation of GM2 and GM3 gangliosides, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired axonal lysosomal transport. Cholesterol storage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and axonal trafficking defects can be ameliorated by treatment with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, a drug that has shown efficacy in NPC1 preclinical models and in a phase 1/2a trial. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate the utility of this new cell line in high-throughput drug/chemical screens to identify potential therapeutic agents. The NPC1-/- i3Neuron line will also be a valuable tool for the NPC1 research community to explore the pathological mechanisms contributing to neuronal degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anika V Prabhu
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10CRC, Rm. 5-2571, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Insung Kang
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10CRC, Rm. 5-2571, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raffaella De Pace
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christopher A Wassif
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10CRC, Rm. 5-2571, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hideji Fujiwara
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Pamela Kell
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xuntian Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Daniel S Ory
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael E Ward
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Forbes D Porter
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10CRC, Rm. 5-2571, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang W, Cheng YS, Yang S, Swaroop M, Xu M, Huang W, Zheng W. Disease modeling for Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB using patient derived induced pluripotent stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2021; 407:112785. [PMID: 34411609 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB (MPS IIIB) is a lysosomal disease caused by mutations in the NAGLU gene encoding α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU) which degrades heparan sulfate in lysosomes. Deficiency in NAGLU results in lysosomal accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and neurological symptoms. Currently, there is no effective treatment or cure for this disease. In this study, induced pluripotent stem cell lines were established from two MPS IIIB patient fibroblast lines and differentiated into neural stem cells and neurons. MPS IIIB neural stem cells exhibited NAGLU deficiency accompanied with GAG accumulation, as well as lysosomal enlargement and secondary lipid accumulation. Treatments with recombinant NAGLU, δ-tocopherol, and 2-hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin significantly reduced the disease phenotypes in these cells. These results indicate the MPS IIIB neural stem cells and neurons have the disease relevant phenotype and can be used as a cell-based disease model system for evaluation of drug efficacy and compound screening for drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yu-Shan Cheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shu Yang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manju Swaroop
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Miao Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wenwei Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
A neuropathological cell model derived from Niemann-Pick disease type C patient-specific iPSCs shows disruption of the p62/SQSTM1-KEAP1-NRF2 Axis and impaired formation of neuronal networks. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 28:100784. [PMID: 34377675 PMCID: PMC8327345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann−Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by a recessive mutation in the NPC1 or NPC2 gene, in which patients exhibit lysosomal accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and glycolipids. Most of the research on NPC has been done in patient-derived skin fibroblasts or mouse models. Therefore, we developed NPC patient neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to investigate the neuropathological cause of the disease. Although an accumulation of cholesterol and glycolipids, which is characteristic of NPC, was observed in both undifferentiated iPSCs and derived neural stem cells (NSCs), we could not observed the abnormalities in differentiation potential and autophagic activity in such immature cells. However, definite neuropathological features were detected in mature neuronal cells generated from NPC patient-derived iPSCs. Abnormal accumulation of cholesterol and other lipids identified by lipid droplets and number of enlarged lysosomes was more prominent in mature neuronal cells rather than in iPSCs and/or NSCs. Thin-sectioning electron microscopic analysis also demonstrated numerous typical membranous cytoplasmic bodies in mature neuronal cells. Furthermore, TUJ1-positive neurite density was significantly reduced in NPC patient-derived neuronal cells. In addition, disruption of the p62/SQSTM1−KEAP1−NRF2 axis occurred in neurons differentiated from NPC patient-derived iPSCs. These data indicate the impairment of neuronal network formation associated with neurodegeneration in mature neuronal cells derived from patients with NPC. Niemann−Pick disease type C patient-derived neurons showed pathological features Lipid droplets and lysosomes accumulated at high levels in patient's cells Patient-derived neurons showed defective neuronal network formation Disruption of the p62/SQSTM1−KEAP1−NRF2 axis occurred in patient-derived neurons
Collapse
|
11
|
Ilnytska O, Lai K, Gorshkov K, Schultz ML, Tran BN, Jeziorek M, Kunkel TJ, Azaria RD, McLoughlin HS, Waghalter M, Xu Y, Schlame M, Altan-Bonnet N, Zheng W, Lieberman AP, Dobrowolski R, Storch J. Enrichment of NPC1-deficient cells with the lipid LBPA stimulates autophagy, improves lysosomal function, and reduces cholesterol storage. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100813. [PMID: 34023384 PMCID: PMC8294588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 genes encoding endolysosomal lipid transport proteins, leading to cholesterol accumulation and autophagy dysfunction. We have previously shown that enrichment of NPC1-deficient cells with the anionic lipid lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA; also called bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate) via treatment with its precursor phosphatidylglycerol (PG) results in a dramatic decrease in cholesterol storage. However, the mechanisms underlying this reduction are unknown. In the present study, we showed using biochemical and imaging approaches in both NPC1-deficient cellular models and an NPC1 mouse model that PG incubation/LBPA enrichment significantly improved the compromised autophagic flux associated with NPC1 disease, providing a route for NPC1-independent endolysosomal cholesterol mobilization. PG/LBPA enrichment specifically enhanced the late stages of autophagy, and effects were mediated by activation of the lysosomal enzyme acid sphingomyelinase. PG incubation also led to robust and specific increases in LBPA species with polyunsaturated acyl chains, potentially increasing the propensity for membrane fusion events, which are critical for late-stage autophagy progression. Finally, we demonstrated that PG/LBPA treatment efficiently cleared cholesterol and toxic protein aggregates in Purkinje neurons of the NPC1I1061T mouse model. Collectively, these findings provide a mechanistic basis supporting cellular LBPA as a potential new target for therapeutic intervention in NPC disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ilnytska
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Kimberly Lai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kirill Gorshkov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark L Schultz
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bruce Nguyen Tran
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maciej Jeziorek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Thaddeus J Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ruth D Azaria
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hayley S McLoughlin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Miriam Waghalter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Schlame
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nihal Altan-Bonnet
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Dynamics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Radek Dobrowolski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Judith Storch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Seol B, Kim YD, Cho YS. Modeling Sialidosis with Neural Precursor Cells Derived from Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094386. [PMID: 33922276 PMCID: PMC8122832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialidosis, caused by a genetic deficiency of the lysosomal sialidase gene (NEU1), is a systemic disease involving various tissues and organs, including the nervous system. Understanding the neurological dysfunction and pathology associated with sialidosis remains a challenge, partially due to the lack of a human model system. In this study, we have generated two types of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with sialidosis-specific NEU1G227R and NEU1V275A/R347Q mutations (sialidosis-iPSCs), and further differentiated them into neural precursor cells (iNPCs). Characterization of NEU1G227R- and NEU1V275A/R347Q- mutated iNPCs derived from sialidosis-iPSCs (sialidosis-iNPCs) validated that sialidosis-iNPCs faithfully recapitulate key disease-specific phenotypes, including reduced NEU1 activity and impaired lysosomal and autophagic function. In particular, these cells showed defective differentiation into oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, while their neuronal differentiation was not notably affected. Importantly, we found that the phenotypic defects of sialidosis-iNPCs, such as impaired differentiation capacity, could be effectively rescued by the induction of autophagy with rapamycin. Our results demonstrate the first use of a sialidosis-iNPC model with NEU1G227R- and NEU1V275A/R347Q- mutation(s) to study the neurological defects of sialidosis, particularly those related to a defective autophagy-lysosome pathway, and may help accelerate the development of new drugs and therapeutics to combat sialidosis and other LSDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binna Seol
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory (SCRL), Immunotherapy Research Center (IRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (B.S.); (Y.-D.K.)
| | - Young-Dae Kim
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory (SCRL), Immunotherapy Research Center (IRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (B.S.); (Y.-D.K.)
| | - Yee Sook Cho
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory (SCRL), Immunotherapy Research Center (IRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (B.S.); (Y.-D.K.)
- Department of Bioscience, KRIBB School, University of Science & Technology, 113 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-860-4479; Fax: +82-42-860-4608
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hartleben G, Schorpp K, Kwon Y, Betz B, Tsokanos F, Dantes Z, Schäfer A, Rothenaigner I, Monroy Kuhn JM, Morigny P, Mehr L, Lin S, Seitz S, Tokarz J, Artati A, Adamsky J, Plettenburg O, Lutter D, Irmler M, Beckers J, Reichert M, Hadian K, Zeigerer A, Herzig S, Berriel Diaz M. Combination therapies induce cancer cell death through the integrated stress response and disturbed pyrimidine metabolism. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12461. [PMID: 33665961 PMCID: PMC8033521 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
By accentuating drug efficacy and impeding resistance mechanisms, combinatorial, multi-agent therapies have emerged as key approaches in the treatment of complex diseases, most notably cancer. Using high-throughput drug screens, we uncovered distinct metabolic vulnerabilities and thereby identified drug combinations synergistically causing a starvation-like lethal catabolic response in tumor cells from different cancer entities. Domperidone, a dopamine receptor antagonist, as well as several tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), including imipramine, induced cancer cell death in combination with the mitochondrial uncoupler niclosamide ethanolamine (NEN) through activation of the integrated stress response pathway and the catabolic CLEAR network. Using transcriptome and metabolome analyses, we characterized a combinatorial response, mainly driven by the transcription factors CHOP and TFE3, which resulted in cell death through enhanced pyrimidine catabolism as well as reduced pyrimidine synthesis. Remarkably, the drug combinations sensitized human organoid cultures to the standard-of-care chemotherapy paclitaxel. Thus, our combinatorial approach could be clinically implemented into established treatment regimen, which would be further facilitated by the advantages of drug repurposing.
Collapse
|
14
|
Charvériat M, Lafon V, Mouthon F, Zimmer L. Innovative approaches in CNS drug discovery. Therapie 2021; 76:101-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
15
|
Roessler HI, Knoers NVAM, van Haelst MM, van Haaften G. Drug Repurposing for Rare Diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:255-267. [PMID: 33563480 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there are about 7000 identified rare diseases, together affecting 10% of the population. However, fewer than 6% of all rare diseases have an approved treatment option, highlighting their tremendous unmet needs in drug development. The process of repurposing drugs for new indications, compared with the development of novel orphan drugs, is a time-saving and cost-efficient method resulting in higher success rates, which can therefore drastically reduce the risk of drug development for rare diseases. Although drug repurposing is not novel, new strategies have been developed in recent years to do it in a systematic and rational way. Here, we review applied methodologies, recent accomplished progress, and the challenges associated in drug repurposing for rare diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen I Roessler
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nine V A M Knoers
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke M van Haelst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs van Haaften
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Small Molecule-Based Enzyme Inhibitors in the Treatment of Primary Hyperoxalurias. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020074. [PMID: 33513899 PMCID: PMC7912158 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary hyperoxalurias (PHs) are a group of inherited alterations of the hepatic glyoxylate metabolism. PHs classification based on gene mutations parallel a variety of enzymatic defects, and all involve the harmful accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals that produce systemic damage. These geographically widespread rare diseases have a deep impact in the life quality of the patients. Until recently, treatments were limited to palliative measures and kidney/liver transplants in the most severe forms. Efforts made to develop pharmacological treatments succeeded with the biotechnological agent lumasiran, a siRNA product against glycolate oxidase, which has become the first effective therapy to treat PH1. However, small molecule drugs have classically been preferred since they benefit from experience and have better pharmacological properties. The development of small molecule inhibitors designed against key enzymes of glyoxylate metabolism is on the focus of research. Enzyme inhibitors are successful and widely used in several diseases and their pharmacokinetic advantages are well known. In PHs, effective enzymatic targets have been determined and characterized for drug design and interesting inhibitory activities have been achieved both in vitro and in vivo. This review describes the most recent advances towards the development of small molecule enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of PHs, introducing the multi-target approach as a more effective and safe therapeutic option.
Collapse
|
17
|
Burbulla LF, Mc Donald JM, Valdez C, Gao F, Bigio EH, Krainc D. Modeling Brain Pathology of Niemann-Pick Disease Type C Using Patient-Derived Neurons. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1022-1027. [PMID: 33438272 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare autosomal-recessive lysosomal storage disease that is also associated with progressive neurodegeneration. NPC shares many pathological features with Alzheimer's disease, including neurofibrillary tangles, axonal spheroids, β-amyloid deposition, and dystrophic neurites. Here, we examined if these pathological features could be detected in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons from NPC patients. METHODS Brain tissues from 8 NPC patients and 5 controls were analyzed for histopathological and biochemical markers of pathology. To model disease in culture, iPSCs from NPC patients and controls were differentiated into cortical neurons. RESULTS We found hyperphosphorylated tau, altered processing of amyloid precursor protein, and increased Aβ42 in NPC postmortem brains and in iPSC-derived cortical neurons from NPC patients. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that the main pathogenic phenotypes typically found in NPC brains were also observed in patient-derived neurons, providing a useful model for further mechanistic and therapeutic studies of NPC. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena F Burbulla
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jessica M Mc Donald
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Clarissa Valdez
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fanding Gao
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Völkner C, Liedtke M, Hermann A, Frech MJ. Pluripotent Stem Cells for Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery in Niemann-Pick Type C1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E710. [PMID: 33445799 PMCID: PMC7828283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The lysosomal storage disorders Niemann-Pick disease Type C1 (NPC1) and Type C2 (NPC2) are rare diseases caused by mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 gene. Both NPC1 and NPC2 are proteins responsible for the exit of cholesterol from late endosomes and lysosomes (LE/LY). Consequently, mutations in one of the two proteins lead to the accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and glycosphingolipids in LE/LY, displaying a disease hallmark. A total of 95% of cases are due to a deficiency of NPC1 and only 5% are caused by NPC2 deficiency. Clinical manifestations include neurological symptoms and systemic symptoms, such as hepatosplenomegaly and pulmonary manifestations, the latter being particularly pronounced in NPC2 patients. NPC1 and NPC2 are rare diseases with the described neurovisceral clinical picture, but studies with human primary patient-derived neurons and hepatocytes are hardly feasible. Obviously, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their derivatives are an excellent alternative for indispensable studies with these affected cell types to study the multisystemic disease NPC1. Here, we present a review focusing on studies that have used iPSCs for disease modeling and drug discovery in NPC1 and draw a comparison to commonly used NPC1 models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christin Völkner
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (C.V.); (M.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Maik Liedtke
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (C.V.); (M.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (C.V.); (M.L.); (A.H.)
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Moritz J. Frech
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (C.V.); (M.L.); (A.H.)
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang S, Gorshkov K, Lee EM, Xu M, Cheng YS, Sun N, Soheilian F, de Val N, Ming G, Song H, Tang H, Zheng W. Zika Virus-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis via Increased Mitochondrial Fragmentation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:598203. [PMID: 33424801 PMCID: PMC7785723 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.598203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2015 to 2016 outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in the Americas coincided with a dramatic increase in neurodevelopmental abnormalities, including fetal microcephaly, in newborns born to infected women. In this study, we observed mitochondrial fragmentation and disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential after 24 h of ZIKV infection in human neural stem cells and the SNB-19 glioblastoma cell line. The severity of these changes correlated with the amount of ZIKV proteins expressed in infected cells. ZIKV infection also decreased the levels of mitofusin 2, which modulates mitochondria fusion. Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1), a small molecule inhibiting mitochondria fission, ameliorated mitochondria disruptions and reduced cell death in ZIKV-infected cells. Collectively, this study suggests that abnormal mitochondrial fragmentation contributes to ZIKV-induced neuronal cell death; rebalancing mitochondrial dynamics of fission-fusion could be a therapeutic strategy for drug development to treat ZIKV-mediated neuronal apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kirill Gorshkov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Emily M Lee
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Miao Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yu-Shan Cheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nuo Sun
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ferri Soheilian
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Natalia de Val
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Guoli Ming
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hengli Tang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Modeling CNS Involvement in Pompe Disease Using Neural Stem Cells Generated from Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010008. [PMID: 33375166 PMCID: PMC7822217 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pompe disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) gene. Acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency leads to abnormal glycogen accumulation in patient cells. Given the increasing evidence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in classic infantile Pompe disease, we used neural stem cells, differentiated from patient induced pluripotent stem cells, to model the neuronal phenotype of Pompe disease. These Pompe neural stem cells exhibited disease-related phenotypes including glycogen accumulation, increased lysosomal staining, and secondary lipid buildup. These morphological phenotypes in patient neural stem cells provided a tool for drug efficacy evaluation. Two potential therapeutic agents, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and δ-tocopherol, were tested along with recombinant human acid alpha-glucosidase (rhGAA) in this cell-based Pompe model. Treatment with rhGAA reduced LysoTracker staining in Pompe neural stem cells, indicating reduced lysosome size. Additionally, treatment of diseased neural stem cells with the combination of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and δ-tocopherol significantly reduced the disease phenotypes. These results demonstrated patient-derived Pompe neural stem cells could be used as a model to study disease pathogenesis, to evaluate drug efficacy, and to screen compounds for drug discovery in the context of correcting CNS defects.
Collapse
|
21
|
Understanding and Treating Niemann-Pick Type C Disease: Models Matter. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238979. [PMID: 33256121 PMCID: PMC7730076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research aims to understand the molecular mechanisms causing human diseases and to develop curative therapies. So far, these goals have been achieved for a small fraction of diseases, limiting factors being the availability, validity, and use of experimental models. Niemann–Pick type C (NPC) is a prime example for a disease that lacks a curative therapy despite substantial breakthroughs. This rare, fatal, and autosomal-recessive disorder is caused by defects in NPC1 or NPC2. These ubiquitously expressed proteins help cholesterol exit from the endosomal–lysosomal system. The dysfunction of either causes an aberrant accumulation of lipids with patients presenting a large range of disease onset, neurovisceral symptoms, and life span. Here, we note general aspects of experimental models, we describe the line-up used for NPC-related research and therapy development, and we provide an outlook on future topics.
Collapse
|
22
|
Luciani M, Gritti A, Meneghini V. Human iPSC-Based Models for the Development of Therapeutics Targeting Neurodegenerative Lysosomal Storage Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:224. [PMID: 33062642 PMCID: PMC7530250 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of rare genetic conditions. The absence or deficiency of lysosomal proteins leads to excessive storage of undigested materials and drives secondary pathological mechanisms including autophagy, calcium homeostasis, ER stress, and mitochondrial abnormalities. A large number of LSDs display mild to severe central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Animal disease models and post-mortem tissues partially recapitulate the disease or represent the final stage of CNS pathology, respectively. In the last decades, human models based on induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been extensively applied to investigate LSD pathology in several tissues and organs, including the CNS. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) derived from patient-specific hiPSCs (hiPS-NSCs) are a promising tool to define the effects of the pathological storage on neurodevelopment, survival and function of neurons and glial cells in neurodegenerative LSDs. Additionally, the development of novel 2D co-culture systems and 3D hiPSC-based models is fostering the investigation of neuron-glia functional and dysfunctional interactions, also contributing to define the role of neurodevelopment and neuroinflammation in the onset and progression of the disease, with important implications in terms of timing and efficacy of treatments. Here, we discuss the advantages and limits of the application of hiPS-NSC-based models in the study and treatment of CNS pathology in different LSDs. Additionally, we review the state-of-the-art and the prospective applications of NSC-based therapy, highlighting the potential exploitation of hiPS-NSCs for gene and cell therapy approaches in the treatment of neurodegenerative LSDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Luciani
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Gritti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Vasco Meneghini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gorshkov K, Pradhan M, Xu M, Yang S, Lee EM, Chen CZ, Shen M, Zheng W. Cell-Based No-Wash Fluorescence Assays for Compound Screens Using a Fluorescence Cytometry Plate Reader. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:500-511. [PMID: 32532853 PMCID: PMC7495342 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.265207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput cell-based fluorescent imaging assays often require removal of background fluorescent signal to obtain robust measurements. Processing high-density microplates to remove background signal is challenging because of equipment requirements and increasing variation after multiple plate wash steps. Here, we present the development of a wash-free cell-based fluorescence assay method for high-throughput screening using a laser scanning fluorescence plate cytometer. The cytometry data consisted of cell count and fluorescent intensity measurements for phenotypic screening. We obtained robust screening results by applying this assay methodology to the lysosomal storage disease Niemann-Pick disease type A. We further demonstrated that this cytometry method can be applied to the detection of cholesterol in Niemann-Pick disease type C. Lastly, we used the Mirrorball method to obtain preliminary results for the detection of Zika and Dengue viral envelope protein. The advantages of this assay format include 1) no plate washing, 2) 4-fold faster plate scan and analysis time, 3) high throughput, and 4) >10-fold smaller direct data files. In contrast, traditional imaging assays require multiple plate washes to remove the background signal, long plate scan and data analysis times, and large data files. Therefore, this versatile and broadly applicable Mirrorball-based method greatly improves the throughput and data quality of image-based screening by increasing sensitivity and efficiency while reducing assay artifacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Gorshkov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Manisha Pradhan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Miao Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Shu Yang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Emily M Lee
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Catherine Z Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pernia C, Tobe BTD, O'Donnell R, Snyder EY. The Evolution of Stem Cells, Disease Modeling, and Drug Discovery for Neurological Disorders. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:1131-1141. [PMID: 32024446 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neurological disorders are among the most challenging areas of translational research. The difficulty of acquiring human neural samples or specific representative animal models has necessitated a multifaceted approach to understanding disease pathology and drug discovery. The dedifferentiation of somatic cells to human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) for the generation of neural derivatives has broadened the capability of biomedical research to study human cell types in neurological disorders. The initial zeal for the potential of hiPSCs for immediate biomedical breakthroughs has evolved to more reasonable expectations. Over the past decade, hiPSC technology has demonstrated the capacity to successfully establish "disease in a dish" models of complex neurological disorders and to identify possible novel therapeutics. However, as hiPSCs are used more broadly, an increased understanding of the limitations of hiPSC studies is becoming more evident. In this study, we review the challenges of studying neurological disorders, the current limitations of stem cell-based disease modeling, and the degrees to which hiPSC studies to date have demonstrated the capacity to fill essential gaps in neurological research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Pernia
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brian T D Tobe
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Administration Medical Center, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ryan O'Donnell
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Evan Y Snyder
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Donida B, Raabe M, Tauffner B, de Farias MA, Machado AZ, Timm F, Kessler RG, Hammerschmidt TG, Reinhardt LS, Brito VB, Portugal RV, Bernardi A, Frozza R, Moura DJ, Giugliani R, Poletto F, Vargas CR. Nanoparticles containing β-cyclodextrin potentially useful for the treatment of Niemann-Pick C. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:586-601. [PMID: 31943253 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) is being considered a promising therapy for Niemann-Pick C (NPC) disease because of its ability to mobilise the entrapped cholesterol from lysosomes, however, a major limitation is its inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and address the central nervous system (CNS) manifestations of the disease. Considering this, we aimed to design nanoparticles able to cross the BBB and deliver β-CD into the CNS lysosomes. The physicochemical characteristics of β-CD-loaded nanoparticles were evaluated by dynamic light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The in vitro analyses were performed with NPC dermal fibroblasts and the β-CD-loaded nanoparticles were tracked in vivo. The nanoparticles showed a mean diameter around 120 nm with a disordered bicontinuous inner structure. The nanoparticles did not cause decrease in cell viability, impairment in the antioxidant enzymes activity, damage to biomolecules or release of reactive species in NPC dermal fibroblasts; also, they did not induce genotoxicity or alter the mitochondrial function in healthy fibroblasts. The β-CD-loaded nanoparticles were taken up by lysosomes reducing the cholesterol accumulated in NPC fibroblasts and reached the CNS of mice more intensely than other organs, demonstrating advantages compared to the free β-CD. The results demonstrated the potential of the β-CD-loaded nanoparticles in reducing the brain impairment of NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Donida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marco Raabe
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Tauffner
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A de Farias
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andryele Z Machado
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Timm
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rejane G Kessler
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tatiane G Hammerschmidt
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiza S Reinhardt
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Verônica B Brito
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdades Integradas de Taquara (FACCAT), Taquara, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo V Portugal
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andressa Bernardi
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rudimar Frozza
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dinara J Moura
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Poletto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carmen R Vargas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hoque S, Kondo Y, Sakata N, Yamada Y, Fukaura M, Higashi T, Motoyama K, Arima H, Higaki K, Hayashi A, Komiya T, Ishitsuka Y, Irie T. Differential Effects of 2-Hydroxypropyl-Cyclodextrins on Lipid Accumulation in Npc1-Null Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030898. [PMID: 32019132 PMCID: PMC7038050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by abnormal accumulation of free cholesterol and sphingolipids in lysosomes. The iminosugar miglustat, which inhibits hexosylceramide synthesis, is used for NPC treatment, and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), a cyclic oligosaccharide derivative, is being developed to treat NPC. Moreover, therapeutic potential of 2-hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HP-γ-CD) was shown in NPC models, although its mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of HP-β-CD, HP-γ-CD, and their homolog 2-hydroxypropyl-α-cyclodextrin (HP-α-CD) on lipid accumulation in Npc1-null Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells compared with those of miglustat. HP-β-CD and HP-γ-CD, unlike HP-α-CD, reduced intracellular free cholesterol levels and normalized the lysosome changes in Npc1-null cells but not in wild-type CHO cells. In contrast, miglustat did not normalize intracellular free cholesterol accumulation or lysosome changes in Npc1-null cells. However, miglustat decreased the levels of hexosylceramide and tended to increase those of sphingomyelins in line with its action as a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor in both Npc1-null and wild-type CHO cells. Interestingly, HP-β-CD and HP-γ-CD, unlike HP-α-CD, reduced sphingomyelins in Npc1-null, but not wild-type, cells. In conclusion, HP-β-CD and HP-γ-CD reduce the accumulation of sphingolipids, mainly sphingomyelins, and free cholesterol as well as lysosome changes in Npc1-null, but not in wild-type, CHO cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanzana Hoque
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.F.)
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools “HIGO (Health life science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program”, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yuki Kondo
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Nodoka Sakata
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Yusei Yamada
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Madoka Fukaura
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.F.)
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools “HIGO (Health life science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program”, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Taishi Higashi
- Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
| | - Keiichi Motoyama
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
| | - Hidetoshi Arima
- Laboratory of Evidence-based Pharmacotherapy, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-machi, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan;
| | - Katsumi Higaki
- Research Initiative Center, Organization for Research Initiative and Promotion, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan;
| | - Akio Hayashi
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan; (A.H.); (T.K.)
| | - Takaki Komiya
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan; (A.H.); (T.K.)
| | - Yoichi Ishitsuka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: (Y.I.); (T.I.); Tel.: +81-96-371-4559 (Y.I.); +81-96-371-4552 (T.I.)
| | - Tetsumi Irie
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (S.H.); (Y.K.); (N.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.F.)
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools “HIGO (Health life science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program”, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.I.); (T.I.); Tel.: +81-96-371-4559 (Y.I.); +81-96-371-4552 (T.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Neural In Vitro Models for Studying Substances Acting on the Central Nervous System. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2020; 265:111-141. [PMID: 32594299 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Animal models have been greatly contributing to our understanding of physiology, mechanisms of diseases, and toxicity. Yet, their limitations due to, e.g., interspecies variation are reflected in the high number of drug attrition rates, especially in central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Therefore, human-based neural in vitro models for studying safety and efficacy of substances acting on the CNS are needed. Human iPSC-derived cells offer such a platform with the unique advantage of reproducing the "human context" in vitro by preserving the genetic and molecular phenotype of their donors. Guiding the differentiation of hiPSC into cells of the nervous system and combining them in a 2D or 3D format allows to obtain complex models suitable for investigating neurotoxicity or brain-related diseases with patient-derived cells. This chapter will give an overview over stem cell-based human 2D neuronal and mixed neuronal/astrocyte models, in vitro cultures of microglia, as well as CNS disease models and considers new developments in the field, more specifically the use of brain organoids and 3D bioprinted in vitro models for safety and efficacy evaluation.
Collapse
|
28
|
Wheeler S, Sillence DJ. Niemann-Pick type C disease: cellular pathology and pharmacotherapy. J Neurochem 2019; 153:674-692. [PMID: 31608980 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD) was first described in 1914 and affects approximately 1 in 150 000 live births. It is characterized clinically by diverse symptoms affecting liver, spleen, motor control, and brain; premature death invariably results. Its molecular origins were traced, as late as 1997, to a protein of late endosomes and lysosomes which was named NPC1. Mutation or absence of this protein leads to accumulation of cholesterol in these organelles. In this review, we focus on the intracellular events that drive the pathology of this disease. We first introduce endocytosis, a much-studied area of dysfunction in NPCD cells, and survey the various ways in which this process malfunctions. We briefly consider autophagy before attempting to map the more complex pathways by which lysosomal cholesterol storage leads to protein misregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death. We then briefly introduce the metabolic pathways of sphingolipids (as these emerge as key species for treatment) and critically examine the various treatment approaches that have been attempted to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wheeler
- School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, UK
| | - Dan J Sillence
- School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Huang R, Zhu H, Shinn P, Ngan D, Ye L, Thakur A, Grewal G, Zhao T, Southall N, Hall MD, Simeonov A, Austin CP. The NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection: a 10-year update. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:2341-2349. [PMID: 31585169 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) Pharmaceutical Collection (NPC), a comprehensive collection of clinically approved drugs, was made a public resource in 2011. Over the past decade, the NPC has been systematically profiled for activity across an array of pathways and disease models, generating an unparalleled amount of data. These data have not only enabled the identification of new repurposing candidates with several in clinical trials, but also uncovered new biological insights into drug targets and disease mechanisms. This retrospective provides an update on the NPC in terms of both successes and lessons learned. We also report our efforts in bringing the NPC up-to-date with drugs approved in recent years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Huang
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Hu Zhu
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Paul Shinn
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Deborah Ngan
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Lin Ye
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ashish Thakur
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Gurmit Grewal
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Tongan Zhao
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Noel Southall
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Mathew D Hall
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Christopher P Austin
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zunke F, Mazzulli JR. Modeling neuronopathic storage diseases with patient-derived culture systems. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:147-162. [PMID: 30790616 PMCID: PMC6588474 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are organelles involved in the degradation and recycling of macromolecules, and play a critical role in sensing metabolic information in the cell. A class of rare metabolic diseases called lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are characterized by lysosomal dysfunction and the accumulation of macromolecular substrates. The central nervous system appears to be particularly vulnerable to lysosomal dysfunction, since many LSDs are characterized by severe, widespread neurodegeneration with pediatric onset. Furthermore, variants in lysosomal genes are strongly associated with some common neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). To better understand disease pathology and develop novel treatment strategies, it is critical to study the fundamental molecular disease mechanisms in the affected cell types that harbor endogenously expressed mutations. The discovery of methods for reprogramming of patient-derived somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and their differentiation into distinct neuronal and glial cell types, have provided novel opportunities to study mechanisms of lysosomal dysfunction within the relevant, vulnerable cell types. These models also expand our ability to develop and test novel therapeutic targets. We discuss recently developed methods for iPSC differentiation into distinct neuronal and glial cell types, while addressing the need for meticulous experimental techniques and parameters that are essential to accurately identify inherent cellular pathologies. iPSC models for neuronopathic LSDs and their relationship to sporadic age-related neurodegeneration are also discussed. These models should facilitate the discovery and development of personalized therapies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Zunke
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany.
| | - Joseph R Mazzulli
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hammond N, Munkacsi AB, Sturley SL. The complexity of a monogenic neurodegenerative disease: More than two decades of therapeutic driven research into Niemann-Pick type C disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1109-1123. [PMID: 31002946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) disease is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disease typified by aberrations in intracellular lipid transport. Cholesterol and other lipids accumulate in the late endosome/lysosome of all diseased cells thereby causing neuronal and visceral atrophy. A cure for NP-C remains elusive despite the extensive molecular advances emanating from the identification of the primary genetic defect in 1997. Penetration of the blood-brain barrier and efficacy in the viscera are prerequisites for effective therapy, however the rarity of NP-C disease is the major impediment to progress. Disease diagnosis is challenging and establishment of appropriate test populations for clinical trials difficult. Fortunately, disease models that span the diversity of microbial and metazoan life have been utilized to advance the quest for a therapy. The complexity of lipid storage in this disorder and in the model systems, has led to multiple theories on the primary disease mechanism and consequently numerous and varied proposed interventions. Here, we conduct an evaluation of these studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hammond
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Andrew B Munkacsi
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.
| | - Stephen L Sturley
- Department of Biology, Barnard College-Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wnorowski A, Yang H, Wu JC. Progress, obstacles, and limitations in the use of stem cells in organ-on-a-chip models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 140:3-11. [PMID: 29885330 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, drug development costs have soared, primarily due to the failure of preclinical animal and cell culture models, which do not directly translate to human physiology. Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) is a burgeoning technology with the potential to revolutionize disease modeling, drug discovery, and toxicology research by strengthening the relevance of culture-based models while reducing costly animal studies. Although OOC models can incorporate a variety of tissue sources, the most robust and relevant OOC models going forward will include stem cells. In this review, we will highlight the benefits of stem cells as a tissue source while considering current limitations to their complete and effective implementation into OOC models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Wnorowski
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University Schools of Engineering and Medicine, Stanford, CA 943055, United States
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Farkhondeh A, Li R, Gorshkov K, Chen KG, Might M, Rodems S, Lo DC, Zheng W. Induced pluripotent stem cells for neural drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:992-999. [PMID: 30664937 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are growing problems, as average life expectancy is increasing globally. Drug discovery for neurological disease remains a major challenge. Poor understanding of disease pathophysiology and incomplete representation of human disease in animal models hinder therapeutic drug development. Recent advances with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have enabled modeling of human diseases with patient-derived neural cells. Utilizing iPSC-derived neurons advances compound screening and evaluation of drug efficacy. These cells have the genetic backgrounds of patients that more precisely model disease-specific pathophysiology and phenotypes. Neural cells derived from iPSCs can be produced in a large quantity. Therefore, application of iPSC-derived human neurons is a new direction for neuronal drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atena Farkhondeh
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rong Li
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kirill Gorshkov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin G Chen
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Might
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Donald C Lo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Monoolein-based nanoparticles for drug delivery to the central nervous system: A platform for lysosomal storage disorder treatment. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 133:96-103. [PMID: 30315863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs) are characterized by an abnormal accumulation of substrates within the lysosome and comprise more than 50 genetic disorders with a frequency of 1:5000 live births. Nanotechnology may be a promising way to circumvent the drawbacks of the current therapies for lysosomal diseases. The blood circulation time and bioavailability of the enzymes or drugs could be improved by inserting them in nanocarriers, which could decrease and/or avoid the need of frequent intravenous infusions along with the minimization or elimination of associated immunogenic responses. Considering the exposed, we aimed to build monoolein-based nanoparticles stabilized by polysorbate 80 as a smart platform able to reach the central nervous system (CNS) to deliver drugs or enzymes inside lysosomes. We developed and characterized the nanoparticles by dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM). The nanoparticles showed a diameter of 115 nm, which is compatible with in vivo application. The SAXS patterns of the formulations displayed a single broad correlation peak that was fitted to the Teubner-Strey model confirming that disordered bicontinuous structures were obtained. Cryo-TEM images corroborated this finding and showed nanoparticles with size values that are similar to those determined by DLS. Furthermore, the nanoparticles did not present cytotoxicity when they were incubated with human fibroblasts, and demonstrated hemolytic activity proportional to the negative control, proving to be safe for parenteral administration. Through the use of a fluorescent dye to track the nanoparticles inside the cell, we demonstrated that they reached lysosomes after 1 h of treatment. More interestingly, the fluorescent dye was detected in the CNS of mice just after 3 h of treatment. The nanoparticles show great potential to improve the treatment of LSDs with brain impairment, acting as a smart platform to targeted delivery of drugs or enzymes.
Collapse
|
35
|
Vu M, Li R, Baskfield A, Lu B, Farkhondeh A, Gorshkov K, Motabar O, Beers J, Chen G, Zou J, Espejo-Mojica AJ, Rodríguez-López A, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Barrera LA, Jiang X, Ory DS, Marugan JJ, Zheng W. Neural stem cells for disease modeling and evaluation of therapeutics for Tay-Sachs disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:152. [PMID: 30220252 PMCID: PMC6139903 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the HEXA gene on chromosome 15 that encodes β-hexosaminidase. Deficiency in HEXA results in accumulation of GM2 ganglioside, a glycosphingolipid, in lysosomes. Currently, there is no effective treatment for TSD. Results We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from two TSD patient dermal fibroblast lines and further differentiated them into neural stem cells (NSCs). The TSD neural stem cells exhibited a disease phenotype of lysosomal lipid accumulation. The Tay-Sachs disease NSCs were then used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant human Hex A protein and two small molecular compounds: hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and δ-tocopherol. Using this disease model, we observed reduction of lipid accumulation by employing enzyme replacement therapy as well as by the use of HPβCD and δ-tocopherol. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that the Tay-Sachs disease NSCs possess the characteristic phenotype to serve as a cell-based disease model for study of the disease pathogenesis and evaluation of drug efficacy. The enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant Hex A protein and two small molecules (cyclodextrin and tocopherol) significantly ameliorated lipid accumulation in the Tay-Sachs disease cell model. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-018-0886-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mylinh Vu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rong Li
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Baskfield
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Billy Lu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Atena Farkhondeh
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kirill Gorshkov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Omid Motabar
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeanette Beers
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guokai Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Jizhong Zou
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Angela J Espejo-Mojica
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alexander Rodríguez-López
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos J Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis A Barrera
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Xuntian Jiang
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel S Ory
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Juan J Marugan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tseng WC, Loeb HE, Pei W, Tsai-Morris CH, Xu L, Cluzeau CV, Wassif CA, Feldman B, Burgess SM, Pavan WJ, Porter FD. Modeling Niemann-Pick disease type C1 in zebrafish: a robust platform for in vivo screening of candidate therapeutic compounds. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:11/9/dmm034165. [PMID: 30135069 PMCID: PMC6176986 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.034165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease primarily caused by mutations in NPC1. NPC1 is characterized by abnormal accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and glycolipids in late endosomes and lysosomes. Common signs include neonatal jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, cerebellar ataxia, seizures and cognitive decline. Both mouse and feline models of NPC1 mimic the disease progression in humans and have been used in preclinical studies of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2HPβCD; VTS-270), a drug that appeared to slow neurological progression in a Phase 1/2 clinical trial. However, there remains a need to identify additional therapeutic agents. High-throughput drug screens have been useful in identifying potential therapeutic compounds; however, current preclinical testing is time and labor intensive. Thus, development of a high-capacity in vivo platform suitable for screening candidate drugs/compounds would be valuable for compound optimization and prioritizing subsequent in vivo testing. Here, we generated and characterize two zebrafish npc1-null mutants using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene targeting. The npc1 mutants model both the early liver and later neurological disease phenotypes of NPC1. LysoTracker staining of npc1 mutant larvae was notable for intense staining of lateral line neuromasts, thus providing a robust in vivo screen for lysosomal storage. As a proof of principle, we were able to show that treatment of the npc1 mutant larvae with 2HPβCD significantly reduced neuromast LysoTracker staining. These data demonstrate the potential value of using this zebrafish NPC1 model for efficient and rapid in vivo optimization and screening of potential therapeutic compounds. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: A zebrafish genetic model of Niemann-Pick disease type C1 is suitable for performing in vivo screening of candidate therapeutic compounds by examining LysoTracker staining intensity in neuromasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chia Tseng
- Section on Molecular Dysmorphology, Division of Translational Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hannah E Loeb
- Section on Molecular Dysmorphology, Division of Translational Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wuhong Pei
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chon-Hwa Tsai-Morris
- Zebrafish Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisha Xu
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Celine V Cluzeau
- Section on Molecular Dysmorphology, Division of Translational Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher A Wassif
- Section on Molecular Dysmorphology, Division of Translational Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin Feldman
- Zebrafish Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shawn M Burgess
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William J Pavan
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Forbes D Porter
- Section on Molecular Dysmorphology, Division of Translational Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Masserrat A, Sharifpanah F, Akbari L, Tonekaboni SH, Karimzadeh P, Asharafi MR, Mazouei S, Sauer H, Houshmand M. Mitochondrial G8292A and C8794T mutations in patients with Niemann-Pick disease type C. Biomed Rep 2018; 9:65-73. [PMID: 29930807 PMCID: PMC6007046 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a neurovisceral lipid storage disorder. At the cellular level, the disorder is characterized by accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and glycolipids in the lysosomal/late endosomal system. NP-C is transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner and is caused by mutations in either the NPC1 (95% of families) or NPC2 gene. The estimated disease incidence is 1 in 120,000 live births, but this likely represents an underestimate, as the disease may be under-diagnosed due to its highly heterogeneous presentation. Variants of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) subunit 6 and ATPase subunit 8 (ATPase6/8) in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been reported in different types of genetic diseases including NP-C. In the present study, the blood samples of 22 Iranian patients with NP-C and 150 healthy subjects as a control group were analyzed. The DNA of the blood samples was extracted by the salting out method and analyzed for ATPase6/8 mutations using polymerase chain reaction sequencing. Sequence variations in mitochondrial genome samples were determined via the Mitomap database. Analysis of sequencing data confirmed the existence of 11 different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in patients with NP-C1. One of the most prevalent polymorphisms was the A8860G variant, which was observed in both affected and non-affected groups and determined to have no significant association with NP-C incidence. Amongst the 11 polymorphisms, only one was identified in the ATPase8 gene, while 9 including A8860G were observed in the ATPase6 gene. Furthermore, two SNPs, G8292A and C8792A, located in the non-coding region of mtDNA and the ATPase6 gene, respectively, exhibited significantly higher prevalence rates in NP-C1 patients compared with the control group (P<0.01). The present study suggests that there may be an association between mitochondrial ATPase6/8 mutations and the incidence of NP-C disease. In addition, the mitochondrial SNPs identified maybe pathogenic mutations involved in the development and prevalence of NP-C. Furthermore, these results suggest a higher occurrence of mutations in ATPase6 than in ATPase8 in NP-C patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Masserrat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Damghan 3671639998, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sharifpanah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Leila Akbari
- Houshmand Genetic Diagnostics Laboratory, Taban Clinic, Tehran 1997844151, Iran
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Seyed Hasan Tonekaboni
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Karimzadeh
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Mahmood Reza Asharafi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Safoura Mazouei
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Friedrich Schiller University, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sauer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Massoud Houshmand
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 14965/161, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Frati G, Luciani M, Meneghini V, De Cicco S, Ståhlman M, Blomqvist M, Grossi S, Filocamo M, Morena F, Menegon A, Martino S, Gritti A. Human iPSC-based models highlight defective glial and neuronal differentiation from neural progenitor cells in metachromatic leukodystrophy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:698. [PMID: 29899471 PMCID: PMC5997994 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pathological cascade leading from primary storage to neural cell dysfunction and death in metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) has been poorly elucidated in human-derived neural cell systems. In the present study, we have modeled the progression of pathological events during the differentiation of patient-specific iPSCs to neuroepithelial progenitor cells (iPSC-NPCs) and mature neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes at the morphological, molecular, and biochemical level. We showed significant sulfatide accumulation and altered sulfatide composition during the differentiation of MLD iPSC-NPCs into neuronal and glial cells. Changes in sulfatide levels and composition were accompanied by the expansion of the lysosomal compartment, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The neuronal and glial differentiation capacity of MLD iPSC-NPCs was significantly impaired. We showed delayed appearance and/or reduced levels of oligodendroglial and astroglial markers as well as reduced number of neurons and disorganized neuronal network. Restoration of a functional Arylsulfatase A (ARSA) enzyme in MLD cells using lentiviral-mediated gene transfer normalized sulfatide levels and composition, globally rescuing the pathological phenotype. Our study points to MLD iPSC-derived neural progeny as a useful in vitro model to assess the impact of ARSA deficiency along NPC differentiation into neurons and glial cells. In addition, iPSC-derived neural cultures allowed testing the impact of ARSA reconstitution/overexpression on disease correction and, importantly, on the biology and functional features of human NPCs, with important therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Frati
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Luciani
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Vasco Meneghini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milano, Italy.,Institute Imagine, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Silvia De Cicco
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milano, Italy.,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Otfried-Müller Str.23, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-41101, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Blomqvist
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-41101, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Serena Grossi
- UOSD Centro di diagnostica genetica e biochimica delle malattie metaboliche, IRCCS G. Gaslini Institute, Via G. Gaslini, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Mirella Filocamo
- UOSD Centro di diagnostica genetica e biochimica delle malattie metaboliche, IRCCS G. Gaslini Institute, Via G. Gaslini, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Morena
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Menegon
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Gritti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sima N, Li R, Huang W, Xu M, Beers J, Zou J, Titus S, Ottinger EA, Marugan JJ, Xie X, Zheng W. Neural stem cells for disease modeling and evaluation of therapeutics for infantile (CLN1/PPT1) and late infantile (CLN2/TPP1) neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:54. [PMID: 29631617 PMCID: PMC5891977 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infantile and late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are lysosomal storage diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS). The infantile NCL (INCL) is caused by mutations in the PPT1 gene and late-infantile NCL (LINCL) is due to mutations in the TPP1 gene. Deficiency in PPT1 or TPP1 enzyme function results in lysosomal accumulation of pathological lipofuscin-like material in the patient cells. There is currently no small-molecular drug treatment for NCLs. RESULTS We have generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from three patient dermal fibroblast lines and further differentiated them into neural stem cells (NSCs). Using these new disease models, we evaluated the effect of δ-tocopherol (DT) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) with the enzyme replacement therapy as the control. Treatment with the relevant recombinant enzyme or DT significantly ameliorated the lipid accumulation and lysosomal enlargement in the disease cells. A combination therapy of δ-tocopherol and HPBCD further improved the effect compared to that of either drug used as a single therapy. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that these patient iPSC derived NCL NSCs are valid cell- based disease models with characteristic disease phenotypes that can be used for study of disease pathophysiology and drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ni Sima
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jeanette Beers
- iPSC core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jizhong Zou
- iPSC core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven Titus
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Ottinger
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Juan J Marugan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xing Xie
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Borger DK, McMahon B, Roshan Lal T, Serra-Vinardell J, Aflaki E, Sidransky E. Induced pluripotent stem cell models of lysosomal storage disorders. Dis Model Mech 2018; 10:691-704. [PMID: 28592657 PMCID: PMC5483008 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.029009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have provided new opportunities to explore the cell biology and pathophysiology of human diseases, and the lysosomal storage disorder research community has been quick to adopt this technology. Patient-derived iPSC models have been generated for a number of lysosomal storage disorders, including Gaucher disease, Pompe disease, Fabry disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy, the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, Niemann-Pick types A and C1, and several of the mucopolysaccharidoses. Here, we review the strategies employed for reprogramming and differentiation, as well as insights into disease etiology gleaned from the currently available models. Examples are provided to illustrate how iPSC-derived models can be employed to develop new therapeutic strategies for these disorders. We also discuss how models of these rare diseases could contribute to an enhanced understanding of more common neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, and discuss key challenges and opportunities in this area of research. Summary: This Review discusses how induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide new opportunities to explore the biology and pathophysiology of lysosomal storage diseases, and how iPSCs have illuminated the role of lysosomes in more common disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Borger
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin McMahon
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tamanna Roshan Lal
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jenny Serra-Vinardell
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elma Aflaki
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li R, Hao J, Fujiwara H, Xu M, Yang S, Dai S, Long Y, Swaroop M, Li C, Vu M, Marugan JJ, Ory DS, Zheng W. Analytical Characterization of Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin for Pharmacological Activity to Reduce Lysosomal Cholesterol Accumulation in Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 Cells. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2018. [PMID: 28631941 PMCID: PMC5510037 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2017.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) reduces lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) patient fibroblasts. However, the pharmacological activity of MβCD reported by different laboratories varies. To determine the potential causes of this variation, we analyzed the mass spectrum characteristics, pharmacological activity of three preparations of MβCDs, and the protein expression profiles of NPC1 patient fibroblasts after treatment with different sources of MβCDs. Our data revealed varied mass spectrum profiles and pharmacological activities on the reduction of lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in NPC1 fibroblasts for these three preparations of MβCDs obtained from different batches and different sources. Furthermore, a proteomic analysis showed the differences of these three MβCD preparations on amelioration of dysregulated protein expression levels in NPC1 cells. The results demonstrate the importance of prescreening of different cyclodextrin preparations before use as a therapeutic agent. A combination of mass spectrum analysis, measurement of pharmacological activity, and proteomic profiling provides an effective analytical procedure for characterization of cyclodextrins for therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- 1 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jon Hao
- 2 Poochon Scientific , Frederick, Maryland
| | - Hideji Fujiwara
- 3 Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Miao Xu
- 1 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shu Yang
- 1 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sheng Dai
- 1 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yan Long
- 1 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Manju Swaroop
- 1 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Mylinh Vu
- 1 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Juan J Marugan
- 1 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel S Ory
- 3 Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Wei Zheng
- 1 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Aguisanda F, Yeh CD, Chen CZ, Li R, Beers J, Zou J, Thorne N, Zheng W. Neural stem cells for disease modeling of Wolman disease and evaluation of therapeutics. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:120. [PMID: 28659158 PMCID: PMC5490176 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wolman disease (WD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder that is caused by mutations in the LIPA gene encoding lysosomal acid lipase (LAL). Deficiency in LAL function causes accumulation of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides in lysosomes. Fatality usually occurs within the first year of life. While an enzyme replacement therapy has recently become available, there is currently no small-molecule drug treatment for WD. Results We have generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from two WD patient dermal fibroblast lines and subsequently differentiated them into neural stem cells (NSCs). The WD NSCs exhibited the hallmark disease phenotypes of neutral lipid accumulation, severely deficient LAL activity, and increased LysoTracker dye staining. Enzyme replacement treatment dramatically reduced the WD phenotype in these cells. In addition, δ-tocopherol (DT) and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) significantly reduced lysosomal size in WD NSCs, and an enhanced effect was observed in DT/HPBCD combination therapy. Conclusion The results demonstrate that these WD NSCs are valid cell-based disease models with characteristic disease phenotypes that can be used to evaluate drug efficacy and screen compounds. DT and HPBCD both reduce LysoTracker dye staining in WD cells. The cells may be used to further dissect the pathology of WD, evaluate compound efficacy, and serve as a platform for high-throughput drug screening to identify new compounds for therapeutic development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13023-017-0670-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Aguisanda
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Present Address: Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Charles D Yeh
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Catherine Z Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rong Li
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeanette Beers
- iPSC Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jizhong Zou
- iPSC Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natasha Thorne
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Present Address: Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rabenstein M, Peter F, Joost S, Trilck M, Rolfs A, Frech MJ. Decreased calcium flux in Niemann-Pick type C1 patient-specific iPSC-derived neurons due to higher amount of calcium-impermeable AMPA receptors. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 83:27-36. [PMID: 28666962 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) is a rare progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, resulting mainly in the accumulation of cholesterol and the ganglioside GM2. Recently, we described accumulations of these lipids in neuronal differentiated cells derived from NPC1 patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). As these lipids are essential for proper cell membrane composition, we were interested in the expression and function of voltage-gated ion channels and excitatory AMPA receptors (AMPARs) in neurons derived from three patient-specific iPSC lines. By means of patch clamp recordings and microfluorimetric measurements of calcium (Ca2+), we examined the expression of voltage-gated ion channels and AMPARs. Cells of the three used cell lines carrying the c.1836A>C/c.1628delC, the c.1180T>C or the c.3182T>C mutation demonstrated a significantly reduced AMPA-induced Ca2+-influx, suggesting an altered expression profile of these receptors. RT-qPCR revealed a significant upregulation of mRNA for the AMPA receptor subunits GluA1 and GluA2 and western blot analysis showed increased protein level of GluA2. Thus, we conclude that the observed reduced Ca2+-influx is based on an increase of GluA2 containing Ca2+-impermeable AMPARs. An attenuated function of GluRs in neurons potentially contributes to the progressive neurodegeneration observed in NPC1 and might represent an objective in regard of the development of new therapeutic approaches in NPC1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rabenstein
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration (AKos), University Medicine Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, D-18147 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Franziska Peter
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration (AKos), University Medicine Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, D-18147 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Sarah Joost
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration (AKos), University Medicine Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, D-18147 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Michaela Trilck
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration (AKos), University Medicine Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, D-18147 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Arndt Rolfs
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration (AKos), University Medicine Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, D-18147 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Moritz J Frech
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration (AKos), University Medicine Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, D-18147 Rostock, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dai S, Dulcey AE, Hu X, Wassif CA, Porter FD, Austin CP, Ory DS, Marugan J, Zheng W. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin restores impaired autophagy flux in Niemann-Pick C1-deficient cells through activation of AMPK. Autophagy 2017; 13:1435-1451. [PMID: 28613987 PMCID: PMC5584846 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1329081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The drug 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) reduces lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in Niemann-Pick disease, type C (NPC) and has been advanced to human clinical trials. However, its mechanism of action for reducing cholesterol accumulation in NPC cells is uncertain and its molecular target is unknown. We found that methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), a potent analog of HPβCD, restored impaired macroautophagy/autophagy flux in Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1) cells. This effect was mediated by a direct activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an upstream kinase in the autophagy pathway, through MβCD binding to its β-subunits. Knockdown of PRKAB1 or PRKAB2 (encoding the AMPK β1 or β2 subunit) expression and an AMPK inhibitor abolished MβCD-mediated reduction of cholesterol storage in NPC1 cells. The results demonstrate that AMPK is the molecular target of MβCD and its activation enhances autophagy flux, thereby mitigating cholesterol accumulation in NPC1 cells. The results identify AMPK as an attractive target for drug development to treat NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Dai
- a National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA.,b Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Andrés E Dulcey
- a National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Xin Hu
- a National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Christopher A Wassif
- c National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Forbes D Porter
- c National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Christopher P Austin
- a National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Daniel S Ory
- d Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO USA
| | - Juan Marugan
- a National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- a National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Stephen J, Yokoyama T, Tolman NJ, O’Brien KJ, Nicoli ER, Brooks BP, Huryn L, Titus SA, Adams DR, Chen D, Gahl WA, Gochuico BR, Malicdan MCV. Cellular and molecular defects in a patient with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 5. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173682. [PMID: 28296950 PMCID: PMC5351877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders typically manifesting with tyrosinase-positive oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding diathesis, and pulmonary fibrosis, in some subtypes. Most HPS subtypes are associated with defects in Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelle Complexes (BLOCs), which are groups of proteins that function together in the formation and/or trafficking of lysosomal-related endosomal compartments. BLOC-2, for example, consists of the proteins HPS3, HPS5, and HPS6. Here we present an HPS patient with defective BLOC-2 due to a novel intronic mutation in HPS5 that activates a cryptic acceptor splice site. This mutation leads to the insertion of nine nucleotides in-frame and results in a reduced amount of HPS5 at the transcript and protein level. In studies using skin fibroblasts derived from the proband and two other individuals with HPS-5, we found a perinuclear distribution of acidified organelles in patient cells compared to controls. Our results suggest the role of HPS5 in the endo-lysosomal dynamics of skin fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshi Stephen
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tadafumi Yokoyama
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nathanial J. Tolman
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin J. O’Brien
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elena-Raluca Nicoli
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian P. Brooks
- Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Laryssa Huryn
- Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Titus
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David R. Adams
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dong Chen
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - William A. Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bernadette R. Gochuico
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - May Christine V. Malicdan
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ahfeldt T, Litterman NK, Rubin LL. Studying human disease using human neurons. Brain Res 2017; 1656:40-48. [PMID: 27060768 PMCID: PMC5053850 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing patient derived cells has enormous promise for discovering new drugs for diseases of the nervous system, a goal that has been historically quite challenging. In this review, we will outline the potential of human stem cell derived neuron models for assessing therapeutics and high-throughput screening and compare to more traditional drug discovery strategies. We summarize recent successes of the approach and discuss special considerations for developing human stem cell based assays. New technologies, such as genome editing, offer improvements to help overcome the challenges that remain. Finally, human neurons derived from patient cells have advantages for translational research beyond drug screening as they can also be used to identify individual efficacy and safety prior to clinical testing and for dissecting disease mechanisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Exploiting human neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Ahfeldt
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA , USA, , Fax: 617-495-3961
| | - Nadia K. Litterman
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA , USA, , Fax: 617-495-3961
| | - Lee L. Rubin
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA , USA, , Fax: 617-495-3961
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Aguisanda F, Thorne N, Zheng W. Targeting Wolman Disease and Cholesteryl Ester Storage Disease: Disease Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Development. Curr Chem Genom Transl Med 2017; 11:1-18. [PMID: 28401034 PMCID: PMC5362971 DOI: 10.2174/2213988501711010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolman disease (WD) and cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD) are lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) caused by a deficiency in lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) due to mutations in the LIPA gene. This enzyme is critical to the proper degradation of cholesterol in the lysosome. LAL function is completely lost in WD while some residual activity remains in CESD. Both are rare diseases with an incidence rate of less than 1/100,000 births for WD and approximate 2.5/100,000 births for CESD. Clinical manifestation of WD includes hepatosplenomegaly, calcified adrenal glands, severe malabsorption and a failure to thrive. As in CESD, histological analysis of WD tissues reveals the accumulation of triglycerides (TGs) and esterified cholesterol (EC) in cellular lysosomes. However, the clinical presentation of CESD is less severe and more variable than WD. This review is to provide an overview of the disease pathophysiology and the current state of therapeutic development for both of WD and CESD. The review will also discuss the application of patient derived iPSCs for further drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Aguisanda
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Natasha Thorne
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
A new era of disease modeling and drug discovery using induced pluripotent stem cells. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 40:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
49
|
Trilck M, Peter F, Zheng C, Frank M, Dobrenis K, Mascher H, Rolfs A, Frech MJ. Diversity of glycosphingolipid GM2 and cholesterol accumulation in NPC1 patient-specific iPSC-derived neurons. Brain Res 2016; 1657:52-61. [PMID: 27923633 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease Type C1 (NPC1) is a rare progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene. On the cellular level NPC1 mutations lead to an accumulation of cholesterol and gangliosides. As a thorough analysis of the severely affected neuronal cells is unfeasible in NPC1 patients, we recently described the cellular phenotype of neuronal cells derived from NPC1 patient iPSCs carrying the compound heterozygous mutation c.1836A>C/c.1628delC. Here we expanded the analysis to cell lines carrying the prevalent mutation c.3182T>C and the novel mutation c.1180T>C, as well as to the determination of GM2 and GM3 gangliosides in NPC1 patient-specific iPSC-derived neurons and glia cells. Immunocytochemical detection of GM2 revealed punctated staining pattern predominantly localized in neurons. Detection of cholesterol by filipin staining showed a comparable staining pattern, colocalized with GM2, indicating a deposit of GM2 and cholesterol in the same cellular compartments. Accumulations were not only restricted to cell bodies, but were also found in the neuronal extensions. A quantification of the GM2 amount by HPLC-MS/MS confirmed significantly higher amounts in neurons carrying a mutation. Additionally, these cells displayed a lowered activity of the catabolic enzyme Hex A, but not B4GALNT1. Molecular docking simulations indicated binding of cholesterol to Hex A, suggesting cholesterol influences the GM2 degradation pathway and, subsequently, leading to the accumulation of GM2. Taken together, this is the first study showing an accumulation of GM2 in neuronal derivatives of patient-specific iPSCs and thus proving further disease-specific hallmarks in this human in vitro model of NPC1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Trilck
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration (AKos), University Medicine Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Maria-Goeppert-Str. 1, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Franziska Peter
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration (AKos), University Medicine Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Chaonan Zheng
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration (AKos), University Medicine Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Marcus Frank
- Medical Biology and Electron Microscopy Center, University Medicine Rostock, Strempelstraße 14, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Kostantin Dobrenis
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center for Research on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Hermann Mascher
- pharm-analyt Labor GmbH, Ferdinand-Pichler-Gasse 2, 2500 Baden, Austria.
| | - Arndt Rolfs
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration (AKos), University Medicine Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Moritz J Frech
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration (AKos), University Medicine Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
High throughput cell-based assay for identification of glycolate oxidase inhibitors as a potential treatment for Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34060. [PMID: 27670739 PMCID: PMC5037430 DOI: 10.1038/srep34060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolate oxidase (GO) and alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) are both involved in the peroxisomal glyoxylate pathway. Deficiency in AGT function causes the accumulation of intracellular oxalate and the primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1). AGT enhancers or GO inhibitors may restore the abnormal peroxisomal glyoxylate pathway in PH1 patients. With stably transformed cells which mimic the glyoxylate metabolic pathway, we developed an indirect glycolate cytotoxicity assay in a 1,536-well plate format for high throughput screening. This assay can be used to identify compounds that reduce indirect glycolate-induced cytotoxicity by either enhancing AGT activity or inhibiting GO. A pilot screen of 4,096 known compounds identified two membrane permeable GO inhibitors: dichromate salt and colistimethate. We also developed a GO enzyme assay using the hydrogen peroxide-Amplex red reporter system. The IC50 values of potassium dichromate, sodium dichromate, and colistimethate sodium were 0.096, 0.108, and 2.3 μM in the GO enzyme assay, respectively. Further enzyme kinetic study revealed that both types of compounds inhibit GO activity by the mixed linear inhibition. Our results demonstrate that the cell-based assay and GO enzyme assay developed in this study are useful for further screening of large compound libraries for drug development to treat PH1.
Collapse
|