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Maharjan BR, Martinez‐Huenchullan SF, Mclennan SV, Twigg SM, Williams PF. Exercise induces favorable metabolic changes in white adipose tissue preventing high-fat diet obesity. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14929. [PMID: 34405572 PMCID: PMC8371352 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet and/or exercise are cost effective interventions to treat obesity. However, it is unclear if the type of exercise undertaken can prevent the onset of obesity and if it can act through different effects on fat depots. In this study we did not allow obesity to develop so we commenced the high-fat diet (HFD) and exercise programs concurrently and investigated the effect of endurance exercise (END) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on changes in cellular adipogenesis, thermogenesis, fibrosis, and inflammatory markers in three different fat depots, on a HFD and a chow diet. This was to assess the effectiveness of exercise to prevent the onset of obesity-induced changes. Mice fed with chow or HFD (45% kcal fat) were trained and performed either END or HIIT for 10 weeks (3 x 40 min sessions/week). In HFD mice, both exercise programs significantly prevented the increase in body weight (END: 17%, HIIT: 20%), total body fat mass (END: 46%, HIIT: 50%), increased lean mass as a proportion of body weight (Lean mass/BW) by 14%, and improved insulin sensitivity by 22%. Further evidence of the preventative effect of exercise was seen significantly decreased markers for adipogenesis, inflammation, and extracellular matrix accumulation in both subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and epididymal adipose tissue (EPI). In chow, no such marked effects were seen with both the exercise programs on all the three fat depots. This study establishes the beneficial effect of both HIIT and END exercise in preventing metabolic deterioration, collagen deposition, and inflammatory responses in fat depots, resulting in an improved whole body insulin resistance in HFD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu R. Maharjan
- Greg Brown Diabetes & Endocrinology LaboratorySydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Department of BiochemistryPatan Academy of Health SciencesSchool of MedicineLalitpurNepal
| | - Sergio F. Martinez‐Huenchullan
- Greg Brown Diabetes & Endocrinology LaboratorySydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineSchool of Physical TherapyUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Susan V. Mclennan
- Greg Brown Diabetes & Endocrinology LaboratorySydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- New South Wales Health PathologySydneyAustralia
- Department of EndocrinologyRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - Stephen M. Twigg
- Greg Brown Diabetes & Endocrinology LaboratorySydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Department of EndocrinologyRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - Paul F. Williams
- Greg Brown Diabetes & Endocrinology LaboratorySydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- New South Wales Health PathologySydneyAustralia
- Department of EndocrinologyRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia
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Exendin-4 Ameliorates Cardiac Remodeling in Experimentally Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats by Inhibiting PARP1/NF-κB Axis in A SIRT1-Dependent Mechanism. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 20:401-418. [PMID: 32193876 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-020-09567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sirt1 is a potent inhibitor of both poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases1 (PARP1) and NF-kB. This study investigated the cardioprotective effect of exendin-4 on cardiac function and remodeling in rats after an expreimentally-induced myocardial infarction (MI) and explored if this protection involves SIRT1/PARP1 axis. Rats were divided into five groups (n = 10/each): sham, sham + exendin-4 (25 nmol/kg/day i.p.), MI (induced by LAD occlusion), MI + exendin-4, and sham + exendin-4 + EX527 (5 mg/2×/week) (a SIRT1 inhibitor). All treatments were given for 6 weeks post the induction of MI. In sham-operated and MI-induced rats, exendin-4 significantly upregulated Bcl-2 levels, enhanced activity, mRNA, and levels of SIRT1, inhibited activity, mRNA, and levels of PARP1, and reduced ROS generation and PARP1 acetylation. In MI-treated rats, these effects were associated with improved cardiac architectures and LV function, reduced collagen deposition, and reduced mRNA and total levels of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as, the activation of NF-κB p65. In addition, exendin-4 inhibited the interaction of PARP1 with p300, TGF-β1, Smad3, and NF-κB p65 and signficantly reduced mRNA and protein levels of collagen I/III and protein levels of MMP2/9. In conclusion, exendin-4 is a potent cardioprotective agent that prevents post-MI inflammation and cardiac remodeling by activating SIRT1-induced inhibition of PARP1.
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Matsumoto M, Ogai K, Aoki M, Urai T, Yokogawa M, Tawara M, Kobayashi M, Minematsu T, Sanada H, Sugama J. Changes in dermal structure and skin oxidative stress in overweight and obese Japanese males after weight loss: a longitudinal observation study. Skin Res Technol 2018; 24:407-416. [PMID: 29377346 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Previous studies have reported decreased dermal echogenicity and increased skin oxidative stress in overweight males. However, it is unknown whether these skin parameters of overweight and obese people are similar to those of individuals exhibiting a normal body weight following weight loss. The purpose of this study was to (1) compare the changes in the dermal structure parameters and levels of skin oxidative stress before and after weight loss in overweight and obese people in Japan and (2) to clarify how these aspects changed when body weight would be reduced to normal body weight. METHODS Male volunteers with a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 were recruited. The dermal structure was visualized and dermal echogenicity and thickness were measured using ultrasound scanners. The mRNA expression level of heme oxygenase-1 in the hair follicles was quantitatively analyzed as a marker of skin oxidative stress. RESULTS When overweight individuals in their 20s to 30s reduced their weight to normal, decreased dermal thickness in the abdominal region was observed in 50% of the subjects; however, no increase in dermal echogenicity was observed. A decrease in dermal thickness and an increase in dermal echogenicity in the thighs was observed in 83.3% of the subjects. No decrease in the level of dermal oxidative stress was observed. CONCLUSION The dermal structure in the thighs of overweight young individuals can be improved to the level of the structure in those of normal body weight individuals following weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matsumoto
- Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Ogai
- Wellness Promotion Science Center, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - M Aoki
- Wellness Promotion Science Center, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.,Division of Health Science, Department of Clinical Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - T Urai
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - M Yokogawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - M Tawara
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hokuriku Gakuin University Junior College, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - M Kobayashi
- Wellness Promotion Science Center, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - T Minematsu
- Department of Skincare Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Sanada
- Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Sugama
- Wellness Promotion Science Center, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Huang L, Minematsu T, Kitamura A, Quinetti PC, Nakagami G, Mugita Y, Oe M, Noguchi H, Mori T, Sanada H. Topical Administration of Acylated Homoserine Lactone Improves Epithelialization of Cutaneous Wounds in Hyperglycaemic Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158647. [PMID: 27404587 PMCID: PMC4942101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinicians often experience delayed epithelialization in diabetic patients, for which a high glucose condition is one of the causes. However, the mechanisms underlying delayed wound closure have not been fully elucidated, and effective treatments to enhance epithelialization in patients with hyperglycaemia have not been established. Here we propose a new reagent, acylated homoserine lactone (AHL), to improve the delayed epithelialization due to the disordered formation of a basement membrane of epidermis in hyperglycaemic rats. Acute hyperglycaemia was induced by streptozotocin injection in this experiment. Full thickness wounds were created on the flanks of hyperglycaemic or control rats. Histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to identify hyperglycaemia-specific abnormalities in epidermal regeneration by comparison between groups. We then examined the effects of AHL on delayed epithelialization in hyperglycaemic rats. Histological analysis showed the significantly shorter epithelializing tissue (P < 0.05), abnormal structure of basement membrane (fragmentation and immaturity), and hypo- and hyperproliferation of basal keratinocytes in hyperglycaemic rats. Treating the wound with AHL resulted in the decreased abnormalities of basement membrane, normal distribution of proliferating epidermal keratinocytes, and significantly promoted epithelialization (P < 0.05) in hyperglycemic rats, suggesting the improving effects of AHL on abnormal epithelialization due to hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Huang
- Departments of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Minematsu
- Departments of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (HS); (T. Minematsu)
| | - Aya Kitamura
- Departments of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paes C. Quinetti
- Departments of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gojiro Nakagami
- Departments of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Mugita
- Departments of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Oe
- Department of Advanced Nursing Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Noguchi
- Department of Life Support Technology (Molten), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Mori
- Department of Life Support Technology (Molten), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sanada
- Departments of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (HS); (T. Minematsu)
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Ogai K, Matsumoto M, Aoki M, Minematsu T, Kitamura K, Kobayashi M, Sanada H, Sugama J. Increased level of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on the skin of Japanese obese males: measured by quantitative skin blotting. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 38:462-9. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Ogai
- Wellness Promotion Science Center; Institute of Medical; Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
| | - M. Matsumoto
- Wellness Promotion Science Center; Institute of Medical; Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
- Division of Health Science; Department of Clinical Nursing; Graduate School of Medicine; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
| | - M. Aoki
- Division of Health Science; Department of Clinical Nursing; Graduate School of Medicine; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
| | - T. Minematsu
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 1130033 Japan
| | - K. Kitamura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
| | - M. Kobayashi
- Wellness Promotion Science Center; Institute of Medical; Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
| | - H. Sanada
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 1130033 Japan
| | - J. Sugama
- Wellness Promotion Science Center; Institute of Medical; Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
- Division of Health Science; Department of Clinical Nursing; Graduate School of Medicine; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
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Gao F, Du W, Zafar MI, Shafqat RA, Jian L, Cai Q, Lu F. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine ameliorates an insulin resistant-like state in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by regulating TACE/TIMP3 expression. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:5727-36. [PMID: 26527864 PMCID: PMC4621195 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s92355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR) is highly correlated with soluble tumor necrosis factor-α (sTNF-α), which is released from transmembranous TNF-α by TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE). In vivo, TACE activity is suppressed by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3). Agents that can interact with TACE/TIMP3 to improve obesity-related IR would be highly valuable. In the current study, we assessed whether (2S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-HIL) could modulate TACE/TIMP3 and ameliorate an obesity-induced IR-like state in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated in the presence of 25 mM glucose and 0.6 nM insulin to induce an IR-like state, and were then treated with different concentrations of 4-HIL or 10 µM pioglitazone (positive control). The glucose uptake rate was determined using the 2-deoxy-[(3)H]-D-glucose method, and the levels of sTNF-α in the cell supernatant were determined using ELISA. The protein expression of TACE, TIMP3, and insulin signaling-related molecules was measured using western blotting. RESULTS Exposure to high glucose and insulin for 18 hours increased the levels of sTNF-α in the cell supernatant. The phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) Ser(307) and Akt Ser(473) was increased, whereas the protein expression of IRS-1, Akt, and glucose transporter-4 was decreased. The insulin-induced glucose uptake was reduced by 67% in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which indicated the presence of an IR-like state. The above indexes, which demonstrated the successful induction of an IR-like state, were reversed by 4-HIL in a dose-dependent manner by downregulating and upregulating the protein expression of TACE and TIMP3 proteins, respectively. CONCLUSION 4-HIL improved an obesity-associated IR-like state in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by targeting TACE/TIMP3 and the insulin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mohammad Ishraq Zafar
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Raja Adeel Shafqat
- Department of Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liumeng Jian
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Furong Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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Ogai K, Matsumoto M, Minematsu T, Kitamura K, Kobayashi M, Sugama J, Sanada H. Development of an improved method for quantitative analysis of skin blotting: increasing reliability and applicability for skin assessment. Int J Cosmet Sci 2015; 37:425-32. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Ogai
- Wellness Promotion Science Center; Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - M. Matsumoto
- Division of Health Science; Department of Clinical Nursing; Graduate School of Medicine; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - T. Minematsu
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Kitamura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - M. Kobayashi
- Wellness Promotion Science Center; Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - J. Sugama
- Wellness Promotion Science Center; Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
- Division of Health Science; Department of Clinical Nursing; Graduate School of Medicine; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - H. Sanada
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
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Barreto SC, Hopkins CA, Bhowmick M, Ray A. Extracellular matrix in obesity – cancer interactions. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 22:63-77. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2015-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AbstractObesity or overweight is a risk factor for several health disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and certain cancers. Furthermore, obesity affects almost all body systems including the extracellular matrix (ECM) by generating a pro-inflammatory environment, which are associated with abnormal secretions of several cytokines or hormonal substances, for example, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), leptin, and sex hormones. These chemical mediators most likely have a great impact on the ECM. Accumulating evidence suggests that both obesity and ECM can influence tumor growth and progression through a number of chemical mediators. Conversely, cells in the connective tissue, namely fibroblasts and macrophages, support and aggravate the inflammatory situation in obesity by releasing several cytokines or growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). A wide range of functions are performed by TGF-β in normal health and pathological conditions including tumorigenesis. Breast cancer in postmenopausal women is a classic example of obesity-related cancer wherein several of these conditions, for example, higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, impairment in the regulation of estrogen and growth factors, and dysregulation of different ECM components may favor the neoplastic process. Aberrant expressions of ECM components such as matrix metalloproteinases or matricellular proteins in both obesity and cancer have been reported by many studies. Nonstructural matricellular proteins, viz., thrombospondins, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), and Cyr61-CTGF-Nov (CCN), which function as modulators of cell-ECM interactions, exhibit protean behavior in cancer. Precise understanding of ECM biology can provide potential therapeutic targets to combat obesity-related pathologies.
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Matsumoto M, Ibuki A, Minematsu T, Sugama J, Horii M, Ogai K, Nishizawa T, Dai M, Sato A, Fujimoto Y, Okuwa M, Nakagami G, Nakatani T, Sanada H. Structural changes in dermal collagen and oxidative stress levels in the skin of Japanese overweight males. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 36:477-84. [PMID: 24893563 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been reported that obese people have poorly organized dermal collagen structure because of the degradation of collagen fibers, which is caused by an increase in oxidative stress levels associated with the hypertrophy of subcutaneous adipose cells. However, it is unclear whether an increase in oxidative stress levels caused by the accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue and a change in the dermal structure also occur in overweight and obese Japanese people. The objectives of this study are to identify structural changes that occur in the dermis and to measure the levels of oxidative stress in Japanese overweight males. METHODS The overweight group included 43 Japanese male volunteers aged between 25 and 64 years and with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 and <30. The control group included 47 male volunteers aged between 22 and 64 years and with BMI of <25. The 20-MHz Dermascan C® ultrasound scanner with software for image analyses was used. Echogenicity of the upper and lower dermis was measured. The mRNA expression level of heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) in hair follicles was quantitatively analyzed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and was used as a marker of oxidative stress. Ultrasonographic imaging and collection of hair follicles were performed at the same site on the thigh, abdomen, and upper arm. RESULTS The HMOX1 mRNA expression level in the abdomen and thigh was significantly lower in the overweight group than in the control group. Moreover, the echogenicity of the upper dermis of the abdomen and the lower dermis of the abdomen and thigh was significantly lower in the overweight group than in the control group. CONCLUSION We detected an increase in oxidative stress levels and a decrease in the density of dermal collagen at the same site on the thigh, abdomen, and upper arm of Japanese overweight males. These findings suggest the fragility of the dermis of Japanese overweight males, which might have been caused by the accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
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11
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Pereira S, Teixeira L, Aguilar E, Oliveira M, Savassi-Rocha A, Pelaez JN, Capettini L, Diniz MT, Ferreira A, Alvarez-Leite J. Modulation of adipose tissue inflammation by FOXP3+ Treg cells, IL-10, and TGF-β in metabolically healthy class III obese individuals. Nutrition 2013; 30:784-90. [PMID: 24984993 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the profiles of proinflammatory (interleukin [IL]-6 and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and transforming growth factor [TGF]-β) adipokines in the blood, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of metabolically healthy class III obese individuals and normal-weight controls. METHODS The serum concentrations (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]), mRNA expression levels (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction), and adipose tissue secretion (ELISA) of IL-6, TNF, IL-10, and TGF-β were analyzed, as were the mRNA expression of FOXP3 (present in regulatory T cells) and the secretion (Western blotting) of matrix metalloproteinases in the adipose tissue. RESULTS There were no differences in the circulating levels, expression, or secretion of IL-6 and TNF between the groups or tissues. The expression and circulating levels of IL-10 were higher in obese individuals, especially in the SAT. Although the blood concentration of TGF-β was similar between the groups, its expression and secretion levels were higher in the adipose tissues of obese individuals compared with controls. FOXP3 and MMP expression levels were higher in the SAT and VAT of obese individuals, respectively, compared with the controls. CONCLUSION Metabolically healthy, extremely obese individuals have effective immunoregulation to counter chronic obesity-related inflammation through the increased production of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β in adipose tissue, especially SAT; the increased presence of FOXP3-positive regulatory T cells; and increases in angiogenesis and adipogenesis induced by TGF-β and MMPs. These regulatory mechanisms could be important in the delayed onset of metabolic complications, even in extremely obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Pereira
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Alfa Institute of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital, Medicine School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lílian Teixeira
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Edenil Aguilar
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marina Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Savassi-Rocha
- Alfa Institute of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital, Medicine School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Navia Pelaez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciano Capettini
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio Diniz
- Alfa Institute of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital, Medicine School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Adaliene Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Alvarez-Leite
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Alfa Institute of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital, Medicine School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Adi N, Adi J, Cesar L, Agatston A, Kurlansky P, Webster KA. Influence of diet on visceral adipose remodeling in NONcNZO10 mice with polygenic susceptibility for type 2 diabetes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:2142-6. [PMID: 22858798 PMCID: PMC3458149 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2012.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a source of inflammatory cytokines that in obese subjects may contribute to low-level systemic inflammation and development of metabolic syndrome. Expansion of VAT involves adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy and requires breakdown of the extracellular matrix and increased vascular outgrowth. To investigate changes of gene expression associated with VAT expansion and the role of combined genetics and diet, we implemented gene microarray analyses of VAT in NONcNZO10 (NZ10) and control SWR/J mice subjected to control chow (CD) or a diet of high protein and fish oil (HPO). NZ10 mice on CD showed increased body weight, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia at 25 weeks whereas those on HPO diet retained normal insulin levels and were normoglycemic. Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between diet and strain on blood glucose, serum insulin, and percent fat but not for body weight. Microarray heat maps revealed a remarkable combined effect of genetics and diet on genes that regulate extracellular matrix as well as angiogenic genes. Real time-PCR (RT-PCR) confirmed markedly increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2, 3, 11, and 12, vascular endothelial growth factor-A and C (VEGF-A and C), Von Willebrand Factor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) selectively in the NZ10/CD group. MMP7 was significantly decreased. Protein levels of MMP2, 3, and 9 were significantly increased in the VA of NZ10 mice fed CD while those of MMP7 were downregulated. Microarrays also revealed diet-dependent two to fourfold increased expression of all four tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) isoforms in NZ10 mice. Two-way ANOVA confirmed strongly interactive roles of diet and genetics on fat deposition and progression of type 2 diabetes in this polygenic mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Adi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
- Vascular Biology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Jennipher Adi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
- Vascular Biology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Liliana Cesar
- Vascular Biology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | | | | | - Keith A. Webster
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
- Vascular Biology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
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