1
|
Su X, Yuan X, Li F, Yang G, Du L, Zhao F, Zhao R, Ou M. Expression level and clinical significance of LncRNA PVT1 in the serum of patients with LEASO. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16057. [PMID: 37744231 PMCID: PMC10516103 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Our study aims to investigate the long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (lncRNA PVT1) in lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (LEASO) patient serum and its clinical significance in LEASO. Patients and Methods From July 2021 to April 2022, 133 LEASO patients diagnosed at the Qingdao Municipal Hospital were included. Among them, 44 complicated with coronary artery disease (CAD) were classified as the LEASO with CAD group. The remaining 89 were marked as the LEASO group, which was classified into single (n = 48) and double (n = 41) lower limb groups, with the former being subclassified into the left (n = 28) and right (n = 20) lower limb groups based on the affected sites. Fifty healthy individuals who came to our hospital for physical examination during the same period were randomly included and defined as the Healthy Control group. PVT1 expression was detected in serum samples from each group using a quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction , and differences in expression levels were calculated. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) of patients in the LEASO group was measured using a sphygmomanometer, and its correlation with PVT1 was analyzed. Clinical data and laboratory test results (including blood routine, liver and renal function, and blood lipids) were collected for all patients upon admission. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the influence of PVT1 and laboratory test results on LEASO. The diagnosis and prediction of LEASO were obtained by combing PVT1 with laboratory test indicators. Results It was found that lncRNA PVT1 expression was the highest in the serum of the LEASO with CAD group, followed by the LEASO and control groups (P < 0.05). Within the LEASO group, no significant difference in PVT1 expression was seen between the left and right limbs (P > 0.05), nor between the single and double lower limb groups. Furthermore, the PVT1 expression increased with the Rutherford grades, indicating a negative correlation between PVT1 and ABI. Logistic regression analysis revealed that triglycerides (OR = 2.972, 95% CI [1.159-7.618]), cholesterol (OR = 6.655, 95% CI [1.490-29.723]), C-reactive protein (OR = 1.686, 95% CI [1.218-2.335]), and PVT1 (OR = 2.885, 95% CI [1.350-6.167]) were independent risk factors for LEASO. Finally, strong sensitivity was observed in the receiver operating characteristic curve when combining PVT1 with meaningful laboratory indicators to diagnose and predict LEASO. Conclusion lncRNA PVT1 promotes LEASO occurrence and progression and is related to atherosclerosis severity. The expression of PVT1 was negatively correlated with ABI. Logistic regression analysis suggested that blood lipid levels and inflammatory reactions might be related to LEASO occurrence. PVT1 was incorporated into laboratory indicators to predict LEASO. The subject's working curve area was large, and the prediction results were highly sensitive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoqing Yuan
- Guangzhou Kingmed Diagnostics Group, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fenghui Li
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | | | | | | | - Rui Zhao
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Minghui Ou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zaib M, Malik MNH, Shabbir R, Mushtaq MN, Younis W, Jahan S, Ahmed I, Kharl HAA. Imine Derivatives of Benzoxazole Attenuate High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia by Modulation of Lipid-Regulating Genes. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15306-15317. [PMID: 37151544 PMCID: PMC10157695 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Hyperlipidemia being the prominent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases and side effects associated with the current lipid-lowering drugs have attracted the interest of scientists in the quest for new alternatives. In view of the diverse pharmacological potentials of benzoxazole (BZX) compounds, this study was designed to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic activity of imine derivatives of BZX in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. Methods: Hyperlipidemia was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by using HFD for 28 days. On the 28th day, blood samples were collected, and animals having serum triglycerides (TG) greater than 400 mg/dL and total cholesterol (TC) greater than 280 mg/dL were selected for further study. Hyperlipidemic rats were daily treated with either a vehicle or simvastatin (SIM; 20 mg/kg) or BZX compounds (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg), for 12 consecutive days. After the specified time duration, hyperlipidemic biomarkers were evaluated in the blood samples of sacrificed rats. Liver samples were collected for histopathological and mRNA analyses. Binding affinities of BZX derivatives with different targets were assessed by molecular docking. Results: The present study revealed that the BZX derivatives dose-dependently reduced the serum levels of TC, TG, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein along with improvement in high-density lipoprotein levels. Similarly, all the compounds reduced HFD-induced alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase levels except BZX-4. Histopathology of liver samples demonstrated mild to moderate fatty changes upon treatment with BZX-1, BZX-2, and BZX-4. The hepatic architecture of the BZX-3-treated samples was close to normal, and only mild inflammation was witnessed in these samples. Moreover, all the compounds significantly increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels, indicating their antioxidant potentials. Gene expression data showed that BZX-1 and BZX-3 reduced lipid levels by inhibiting HMGCR, APOB, PCSK9, SRB1, and VCAM1 and via improving PPAR-α and APOE mRNA levels. BZX-2 demonstrated its antihyperlipidemic effects mainly due to inhibition of APOB, while BZX-4-mediated effects appeared to be due to attenuation of APOB, PCSK9, and SRB1. BZX derivatives displayed strong binding affinities with HMGCR, APOB, and VCAM1, which suggested that some of the interactions might be required for inhibition of these target proteins. Conclusions: Based on the current findings, it can be concluded that BZX derivatives exert their antihyperlipidemic effects via modulation of multiple lipid-regulating genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zaib
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nasir Hayat Malik
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- ; . Tel: +92 334
846 640 7
| | - Ramla Shabbir
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed Mushtaq
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Younis
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Department
of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Shah Jahan
- Department
of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department
of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary
and Animal Sciences (Jhang Campus), Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Aamir Ali Kharl
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The effect of lutein and Zeaxanthine on dyslipidemia: A meta-analysis study. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 164:106691. [PMID: 36336325 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The relationship between circulating Lutein and zeaxanthin (L/Z) concentrations, and plasma lipoproteins has been indicated by observational studies. However, the beneficial impact of L/Z administration on dyslipidemia are unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of oral intake of L/Z on circulating total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. METHODS We electronically assessed all eligible interventional studies through different electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ISI -Web of Science, and Cochrane library until Jun 2021. After identifying the quality of each included randomized controlled trials, they were evaluated by assessing the risk-difference between treatment and control groups by pooling available data on net change of serum LDL-C, HDL-C, and Cholesterol. RESULTS L/Z supplementation has null effect on circulating levels of TC (WMD: -3.82 95% CI: -13.83, 6.18; I-square: 85.2%), and LDL-C (WMD: -4.54; 95% CI: -11.5, 2.48; I-square: 83.9%). In contrast, L/Z treatment could significantly increase HDL-C levels in older adults (WMD: 4.06; 95% CI: 0.64, 7.48; I-square: 50.7%). CONCLUSION L/Z administration could be an effective treatment for improving circulating HDL-C concentration in elderly adults.
Collapse
|
4
|
Voros S, Bansal AT, Barnes MR, Narula J, Maurovich-Horvat P, Vazquez G, Marvasty IB, Brown BO, Voros ID, Harris W, Voros V, Dayspring T, Neff D, Greenfield A, Furchtgott L, Church B, Runge K, Khalil I, Hayete B, Lucero D, Remaley AT, Newton RS. Bayesian network analysis of panomic biological big data identifies the importance of triglyceride-rich LDL in atherosclerosis development. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:960419. [PMID: 36684605 PMCID: PMC9845579 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.960419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We sought to explore biomarkers of coronary atherosclerosis in an unbiased fashion. Methods We analyzed 665 patients (mean ± SD age, 56 ± 11 years; 47% male) from the GLOBAL clinical study (NCT01738828). Cases were defined by the presence of any discernable atherosclerotic plaque based on comprehensive cardiac computed tomography (CT). De novo Bayesian networks built out of 37,000 molecular measurements and 99 conventional biomarkers per patient examined the potential causality of specific biomarkers. Results Most highly ranked biomarkers by gradient boosting were interleukin-6, symmetric dimethylarginine, LDL-triglycerides [LDL-TG], apolipoprotein B48, palmitoleic acid, small dense LDL, alkaline phosphatase, and asymmetric dimethylarginine. In Bayesian analysis, LDL-TG was directly linked to atherosclerosis in over 95% of the ensembles. Genetic variants in the genomic region encoding hepatic lipase (LIPC) were associated with LIPC gene expression, LDL-TG levels and with atherosclerosis. Discussion Triglyceride-rich LDL particles, which can now be routinely measured with a direct homogenous assay, may play an important role in atherosclerosis development. Clinical trial registration GLOBAL clinical study (Genetic Loci and the Burden of Atherosclerotic Lesions); [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01738828?term=NCT01738828&rank=1], identifier [NCT01738828].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szilard Voros
- Global Genomics Group, Atlanta, GA, United States,*Correspondence: Szilard Voros,
| | | | | | - Jagat Narula
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pal Maurovich-Horvat
- MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gustavo Vazquez
- Global Institute for Research, LLC, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Viktor Voros
- Global Genomics Group, Atlanta, GA, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - David Neff
- Global Genomics Group, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Karl Runge
- GNS Healthcare, Somerville, MA, United States
| | - Iya Khalil
- GNS Healthcare, Somerville, MA, United States
| | | | - Diego Lucero
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alan T. Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Exploring potential shared genetic influences between rheumatoid arthritis and blood lipid levels. Atherosclerosis 2022; 363:48-56. [PMID: 36455308 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and blood lipid levels has often been described as paradoxical, despite the strong association between RA and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We aimed to clarify the genetic architecture that would explain the relationship between RA and blood-lipid levels, while considering inflammation as measured by C-reactive protein (CRP). METHODS Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics were collected from the CHARGE Consortium and Global Lipids Genetics Consortium. Blood-lipid levels includes HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC). Causality was examined by assessing Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis. Pleiotropy, the identification of shared causal variants between traits, was assessed by conducting colocalization analyses. RESULTS Using the MR Egger method, RA did not appear to causally predict alterations in lipid factors, rather the MR Egger intercept revealed that the genetic relationship between RA and HDL-C, LDL-C and TC may be explained by horizontal pleiotropy (p=0.003, 0.006, and 0.018, respectively). MR was suggestive of a horizontally pleiotropic relationship between CRP and lipid factors, while a causal relationship could not be ruled out. Recurring genes arising from shared causal genetic variants between RA and varying lipid factors included NAT2/PSD3, FADS2/FADS1, SH2B3, and YDJC. CONCLUSIONS Horizontal pleiotropy appears to explain the genetic relationship between RA and blood-lipid levels. In addition, blood-lipid levels appear to suggest a horizontally pleiotropic relationship to CRP, if not mediated through RA as well. Consideration of the pleiotropic genes between RA and blood lipid levels may aid in enhancing diagnostic means to predict CVD.
Collapse
|
6
|
Feleke DG, Gebeyehu GM, Admasu TD. Effect of deep-fried oil consumption on lipid profile in rats. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
7
|
Association between apolipoprotein B/A1 and the risk of metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease according to different lipid profiles in a Chinese population: A cross-sectional study. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 534:138-145. [PMID: 35905837 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common liver disease and dyslipidemia is commonly considered a prominent risk factor for MAFLD. This study was to investigate the association between the apolipoprotein B/A1 (apo B/A1) ratio and the risk of MAFLD based on new diagnostic criteria. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study on 3341 participants. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses, logistic regression, Synergistic effects analyses and stratified analyses were used to evaluate the association between the apo B/A1 ratio and the risk of MAFLD. RESULTS The apo B/A1 ratio was nonlinearly related to the increased risk of MAFLD and the OR and 95% CI for the apo B/A1 95th percentile was 1.700 (1.004-2.879) compared with the 50th percentile. Each 1 SD increase in apo B/A1 ratio would increase the 1.313-fold risk of the risk of MAFLD in all participants and 1.46-fold risk in normolipidemic participants. Synergistic effects indicated elevated Apo B/A1 ratio and dyslipidemia collectively contributed to an increased risk of MAFLD [OR (95 %CI): 2.496(1.869-3.334)]. CONCLUSIONS The apo B/A 1 ratio was a risk factor of the presence of MAFLD. Dyslipidemia and elevated the Apo B/A1 ratio can synergistically contributed to the risk of MAFLD.
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu Z, Du Y, Li N, Geng H, Ali Q, Li X, Gao Y, Wang Y, Xing R, Wu J, Cui F, Wang C, Zhu X, Cui Y, Li D, Shi Y. Effects of alfalfa meal on quality and function of pork meatballs. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:2601-2610. [PMID: 35959274 PMCID: PMC9361447 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is abundant in dietary fiber, alfalfa saponins, and other active ingredients. However, the application of alfalfa is scarce in food. Meatball is one of the most popular meat products in daily life, but eating too many meatballs could result in obesity, hyperlipidemia, and other diseases. With increasing attention to healthy diet, how to keep the original color, aroma, taste, and shape of food with low fat and nutrition has become an urgent problem to be solved. In this study, different amounts of alfalfa meal or extruded alfalfa meal were added to pork meatballs to explore the optimal adding ratio of two kinds of alfalfa meal in pork meatballs. Further animal experiments were conducted for two weeks to prove the efficacy of two kinds of alfalfa balls in lowering blood lipid and body weight. The results showed that 0.5% alfalfa meal and 1% extruded alfalfa meal could improve the quality of prepared pork meatballs. Animal experiments demonstrated that two kinds of alfalfa meal pork meatballs had a good effect of reducing blood lipid, and the alfalfa meal pork meatballs had a better effect on reducing serum cholesterol and average daily weight gain of mice. This study provided a theoretical basis for making healthy and nutritious pork meatballs, which could provide more delicious food for people, especially people who are obese and the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Xu
- Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yushuang Du
- Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Na Li
- Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Hongmin Geng
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Grain & Oil Food State Administration of Grain Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Qasim Ali
- Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Xinbo Li
- Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yajun Gao
- Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yan Wang
- Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | | | - Jie Wu
- Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Fangjie Cui
- Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | | | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yalei Cui
- Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Defeng Li
- Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Woldu MA, Minzi O, Engidawork E. Dyslipidemia and associated cardiovascular risk factors in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients visiting ambulatory clinics: A hospital-based study. JRSM Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 11:20480040221114651. [PMID: 35898404 PMCID: PMC9309774 DOI: 10.1177/20480040221114651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dyslipidemia is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD),
accounting for more than half of all instances of coronary artery disease
globally (CAD). Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine lipid-related cardiovascular risks
in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals by evaluating lipid profiles,
ratios, and other related parameters. Methods A hospital-based study was carried out from January 2019 to February 2021 in
both HIV + and HIV- ambulatory patients. Results High TG (p = .003), high TC (p = .025), and low HDL (p < .001) were all
associated with a two-fold increased risk of CVD in people aged 45 and up.
Due to higher TG (p < .001) and lower HDL (p < .001), males were found
to have a higher risk of atherogenic dyslipidemia. A twofold increase in the
likelihood of higher TG levels has been associated with smoking (p = .032)
and alcohol intake (p = .022). A twofold increase in a high TC/HDL ratio and
an elevated TG/HDL ratio was observed with an increase in waist-to-height
ratio (p = .030) and a high level of FBS (126 mg/dl) and/or validated
diabetes (p = .017), respectively. In HIV + participants, central obesity
(p < .001), diabetes (p < .001), and high blood pressure (p < .001)
were all less common than in HIV- participants. Conclusions Dyslipidemia is linked to advanced age, male gender, diabetes, smoking,
alcohol consumption, and increased waist circumference, all of which could
lead to an increased risk of CVD, according to the study. The study also
revealed that the risks are less common in HIV + people than in HIV-negative
ambulatory patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minyahil A Woldu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (www.muhas.ac.tz), Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University (www.aad.edu.et), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Omary Minzi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (www.muhas.ac.tz), Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ephrem Engidawork
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University (www.aad.edu.et), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fragki S, Dirven H, Fletcher T, Grasl-Kraupp B, Bjerve Gützkow K, Hoogenboom R, Kersten S, Lindeman B, Louisse J, Peijnenburg A, Piersma AH, Princen HMG, Uhl M, Westerhout J, Zeilmaker MJ, Luijten M. Systemic PFOS and PFOA exposure and disturbed lipid homeostasis in humans: what do we know and what not? Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:141-164. [PMID: 33853480 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1888073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and increased blood lipids have been repeatedly observed in humans, but a causal relation has been debated. Rodent studies show reverse effects, i.e. decreased blood cholesterol and triglycerides, occurring however at PFAS serum levels at least 100-fold higher than those in humans. This paper aims to present the main issues regarding the modulation of lipid homeostasis by the two most common PFASs, PFOS and PFOA, with emphasis on the underlying mechanisms relevant for humans. Overall, the apparent contrast between human and animal data may be an artifact of dose, with different molecular pathways coming into play upon exposure to PFASs at very low versus high levels. Altogether, the interpretation of existing rodent data on PFOS/PFOA-induced lipid perturbations with respect to the human situation is complex. From a mechanistic perspective, research on human liver cells shows that PFOS/PFOA activate the PPARα pathway, whereas studies on the involvement of other nuclear receptors, like PXR, are less conclusive. Other data indicate that suppression of the nuclear receptor HNF4α signaling pathway, as well as perturbations of bile acid metabolism and transport might be important cellular events that require further investigation. Future studies with human-relevant test systems would help to obtain more insight into the mechanistic pathways pertinent for humans. These studies shall be designed with a careful consideration of appropriate dosing and toxicokinetics, so as to enable biologically plausible quantitative extrapolations. Such research will increase the understanding of possible perturbed lipid homeostasis related to PFOS/ PFOA exposure and the potential implications for human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Fragki
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tony Fletcher
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England (PHE), Chilton, UK
| | - Bettina Grasl-Kraupp
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ron Hoogenboom
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitte Lindeman
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ad Peijnenburg
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans M G Princen
- Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization of Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Gaubius Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Uhl
- Environment Agency Austria (EAA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Joost Westerhout
- Risk Analysis for Products In Development, The Netherlands Organization of Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco J Zeilmaker
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Walker SA, Aguilar Díaz De león JS, Busatto S, Wurtz GA, Zubair AC, Borges CR, Wolfram J. Glycan Node Analysis of Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091946. [PMID: 32842648 PMCID: PMC7563425 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood plasma is a readily accessible source of extracellular vesicles (EVs), i.e., cell-secreted nanosized carriers that contain various biomolecules, including glycans. Previous studies have demonstrated that glycans play a major role in physiological and pathological processes, and certain plasma glycans have been associated with disease conditions. However, glycome studies have been limited by a lack of analytical techniques with the throughput capacity necessary to study hundreds of clinical samples. This study is the first to characterize the EV plasma glycome based on all major glycan classes. The results based on glycan node analysis revealed, as expected, that plasma-derived EVs have distinct glycan features from donor-matched whole plasma. Specifically, glycan nodes corresponding to those observed in chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, type I keratan sulfate, and type II keratan sulfate were enriched on EVs. The identification of specific differences in glycan features in plasma vs. plasma-derived EVs is relevant for understanding the physiological role of EVs and as a reference for future diagnostic studies. Additionally, the results indicate that EV glycan nodes do not substantially differ among a small set of healthy donors. These results lay the framework for the further evaluation of all EV glycan classes as diagnostic markers, therapeutic targets, and biologically active components in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sierra A. Walker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (S.A.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Jesús S. Aguilar Díaz De león
- School of Molecular Sciences and Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - Sara Busatto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (S.A.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Gregory A. Wurtz
- Department of Physics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Abba C. Zubair
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Chad R. Borges
- School of Molecular Sciences and Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
- Correspondence: (C.R.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (S.A.W.); (S.B.)
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (C.R.B.); (J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cheraghi M, Ahmadvand H, Maleki A, Babaeenezhad E, Shakiba S, Hassanzadeh F. Oxidative Stress Status and Liver Markers in Coronary Heart Disease. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 8:49-55. [PMID: 31334288 PMCID: PMC6590939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. An association exists between the alterations of liver markers and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). This study was designed to investigate the status of oxidative stress and liver markers in patients with CHD. METHODS This study included 50 CHD patients and 50 healthy volunteers. Serum activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and fasting blood sugar (FBS) concentrations were measured. The Unpaired Student's t-test was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Serum GSH level and CAT and GPX activities were significantly greater in healthy controls than in CHD patients. Serum MDA, NO, and FBS levels and GGT, ALT, ALP activities were significantly greater in CHD patients than in healthy controls. Serum AST activity was greater in CHD patients than in controls, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that CHD is related to oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and elevated liver enzyme activity. CHD is a deadly disease that requires appropriate medical care. Antioxidant treatment might inhibit disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Cheraghi
- Department of Cardiology, Madani Heart Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Hassan Ahmadvand
- Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Ali Maleki
- Department of Cardiology, Madani Heart Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Esmaeel Babaeenezhad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Salman Shakiba
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Hassanzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Singh AP, Singh R, Verma SS, Rai V, Kaschula CH, Maiti P, Gupta SC. Health benefits of resveratrol: Evidence from clinical studies. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1851-1891. [PMID: 30741437 DOI: 10.1002/med.21565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenolic nutraceutical that exhibits pleiotropic activities in human subjects. The efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of resveratrol have been documented in over 244 clinical trials, with an additional 27 clinical trials currently ongoing. Resveretrol is reported to potentially improve the therapeutic outcome in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus, obesity, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, multiple myeloma, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, inflammatory diseases, and rhinopharyngitis. The polyphenol is reported to be safe at doses up to 5 g/d, when used either alone or as a combination therapy. The molecular basis for the pleiotropic activities of resveratrol are based on its ability to modulate multiple cell signaling molecules such as cytokines, caspases, matrix metalloproteinases, Wnt, nuclear factor-κB, Notch, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase, intercellular adhesion molecule, vascular cell adhesion molecule, sirtuin type 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α, insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, Ras association domain family 1α, pAkt, vascular endothelial growth factor, cyclooxygenase 2, nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2, and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1. Although the clinical utility of resveratrol is well documented, the rapid metabolism and poor bioavailability have limited its therapeutic use. In this regard, the recently produced micronized resveratrol formulation called SRT501, shows promise. This review discusses the currently available clinical data on resveratrol in the prevention, management, and treatment of various diseases and disorders. Based on the current evidence, the potential utility of this molecule in the clinic is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhand Pratap Singh
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Rachna Singh
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sumit Singh Verma
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vipin Rai
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Catherine H Kaschula
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Subash Chandra Gupta
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
PCSK9 inhibition 2018: riding a new wave of coronary prevention. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:205-224. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20171300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractProprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a hepatic enzyme that regulates the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) receptor and thus circulating LDL-c levels. With overwhelming evidence now supporting the reduction in LDL-c to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, PCSK9 inhibitors represent an important therapeutic target, particularly in high-risk populations. Here, we summarise and update the science of PCSK9, including its discovery and the development of various inhibitors, including the now approved monoclonal antibodies. In addition, we summarise the clinical applications of PCSK9 inhibitors in a range of patient populations, as well as the major randomised controlled trials investigating their use in coronary prevention.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu J, Yin RX, Zhou YG, Zhang QH, Wu JZ, Chen WX. Association between the MGAT1 rs634501 polymorphism and serum lipid traits in the Chinese Han and Maonan ethnic groups. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:5923-5937. [PMID: 31949680 PMCID: PMC6963053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the association of monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 gene (MGAT1) rs634501 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and serum lipid profiles in the Chinese populations. The aim of this study was to detect the association of the MGAT1 rs634501 SNP and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Chinese Maonan and Han populations. Genotypes of the SNP in 2014 unrelated participants (Han, 986; Maonan, 1028) were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis, and confirmed by direct sequencing. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of the MGAT1 rs634501 SNP were significantly different between the Han and Maonan populations as well as between males and females in the Maonan population. The A allele carriers had lower serum apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 levels, the ApoA1/ApoB ratio and higher ApoB levels in Maonans; and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ApoA1 levels, ApoA1/ApoB ratio, and higher triglyceride levels in Han than the A allele non-carriers. There were also different associations of the MGAT1 rs634501 SNP and serum lipid profiles between males and females in the both ethnic groups. Serum lipid parameters in the two ethnic groups were also associated with several environmental factors. These results suggest that the association of the MGAT1 rs634501 SNP and serum lipid parameters might have ethnic- and/or sex-specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Gang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Zhen Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-Xian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jiang L, Zhang M, Zhang H, Shen L, Shao Q, Shen L, He B. A potential protective element of myocardial bridge against severe obstructive atherosclerosis in the whole coronary system. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:105. [PMID: 29843607 PMCID: PMC5975619 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial bridge (MB) is generally described as a congenital benign variation. Previous studies have suggested that MB prevents atherosclerotic plaques from accumulating within the bridge segment but promotes coronary stenosis in the proximal segment adjacent to MB. However, it is still not clear whether MB has positive or negative effects on severe obstructive atherosclerosis in the whole coronary artery system. METHODS In this study, 6774 patients with symptoms of angina who were clinically diagnosed coronary artery disease (CAD) or suspected CAD underwent coronary angiography (CAG) in our center. The presence of MB was diagnosed, and a retrospective analysis was performed between MB and severe obstructive CAD requiring percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the whole coronary system. RESULTS Among 6774 patients, 3583 (52.89%) were diagnosed with severe obstructive CAD (SOCAD) requiring a treatment of PCI or CABG and enrolled into the SOCAD group; and 3191 (47.11%) without SOCAD into the non-SOCAD group. Non-SOCAD and SOCAD groups had 512(16.05%) and 66(1.84%) patients with MB, respectively (P < 0.0001). The rate of SOCAD requiring PCI or CABG in patients with MB was much lower than that in patients without MB (11.42% vs. 56.76%, P < 0.0001). After adjusting for sex, age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and other risk factors, MB still had some positive role in preventing severe obstructive CAD (log-OR = - 2.134, p-value < 0.0001) through logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS Our results provided a clue that MB might act as a potential protective element against severe obstructive atherosclerosis in the whole coronary artery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institution of Biostatistics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linghong Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lemos BS, Medina-Vera I, Blesso CN, Fernandez ML. Intake of 3 Eggs per Day When Compared to a Choline Bitartrate Supplement, Downregulates Cholesterol Synthesis without Changing the LDL/HDL Ratio. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020258. [PMID: 29495288 PMCID: PMC5852834 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is associated with high concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The impact of dietary cholesterol on plasma lipid concentrations still remains a concern. The effects of egg intake in comparison to choline bitartrate supplement was studied in a young, healthy population. Thirty participants were enrolled for a 13-week intervention. After a 2-week run-in period, subjects were randomized to consume either 3 eggs/day or a choline bitartrate supplement (~400 mg choline for both treatments) for 4-weeks each. After a 3-week washout period, they were allocated to the alternate treatment. Dietary records, plasma lipids, apolipoproteins (apo) concentrations, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell expression of regulatory genes for cholesterol homeostasis were assessed at the end of each intervention. Dietary intakes of saturated and monounsaturated fat were higher with the consumption of eggs compared to the choline period. In addition, higher plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (7.5%), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (5%) and LDL-C (8.1%) were observed with egg consumption (p < 0.01), while no change was seen in LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, a key marker of heart disease risk. Compared to choline supplementation, intake of eggs resulted in higher concentrations of plasma apoA-I (8%) and apoE (17%) with no changes in apoB. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase expression were lower with egg consumption by 18% and 31%, respectively (p < 0.05), suggesting a compensation to the increased dietary cholesterol load. Therefore, dietary cholesterol from eggs appears to regulate endogenous synthesis of cholesterol in such a way that the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is maintained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno S Lemos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Mansfield, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Isabel Medina-Vera
- Departamento de Metodologia de Investigacion, Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, CD Mexico 04530, Mexico.
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Mansfield, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Mansfield, CT 06269, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Peck MJ, Sanders EB, Scherer G, Lüdicke F, Weitkunat R. Review of biomarkers to assess the effects of switching from cigarettes to modified risk tobacco products. Biomarkers 2018; 23:213-244. [PMID: 29297706 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2017.1419284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Context: One approach to reducing the harm caused by cigarette smoking, at both individual and population level, is to develop, assess and commercialize modified risk alternatives that adult smokers can switch to. Studies to demonstrate the exposure and risk reduction potential of such products generally involve the measuring of biomarkers, of both exposure and effect, sampled in various biological matrices.Objective: In this review, we detail the pros and cons for using several biomarkers as indicators of effects of changing from conventional cigarettes to modified risk products.Materials and methods: English language publications between 2008 and 2017 were retrieved from PubMed using the same search criteria for each of the 25 assessed biomarkers. Nine exclusion criteria were applied to exclude non-relevant publications.Results: A total of 8876 articles were retrieved (of which 7476 were excluded according to the exclusion criteria). The literature indicates that not all assessed biomarkers return to baseline levels following smoking cessation during the study periods but that nine had potential for use in medium to long-term studies.Discussion and conclusion: In clinical studies, it is important to choose biomarkers that show the biological effect of cessation within the duration of the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Frank Lüdicke
- Research & Development, Philip Morris International, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Weitkunat
- Research & Development, Philip Morris International, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Eddy P, Wertheim EH, Kingsley M, Wright BJ. Associations between the effort-reward imbalance model of workplace stress and indices of cardiovascular health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:252-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
20
|
Andreou E, Papandreou D, Hajigeorgiou P, Kyriakou K, Avraam T, Chappa G, Kallis P, Lazarou C, Philippou C, Christoforou C, Kokkinofta R, Dioghenous C, Savva S, Kafatos A, Zampelas A. Type 2 diabetes and its correlates in a first nationwide study among Cypriot adults. Prim Care Diabetes 2017; 11:112-118. [PMID: 28131651 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity rates in Cyprus are very high and epidemiological information on type 2 diabetes mellitus is limited. The correlates of type 2 diabetes among adults remain unknown in the Cypriot population. Thus, the purpose of this study is to provide the first national estimate of the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and investigate its correlates. A randomly stratified nationally sample of 1001 adults aged 18-80 participated in the study. Only 950 subjects completed the study. All subjects were free of any diseases (known diabetes, kidney, liver), medication and supplementation. The overall prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes based on WHO criteria was 9.2% and 16.3%, respectively. After adjusting for age, energy intake, smoking and physical activity participants with obesity (BMI) (OR=2.00, P<0.001), waist circumference (WC) (OR=2.08, P<0.001), hypertension (HT) (OR=1.99, P<0.001) and hypercholesterolemia (HC) (OR=2.07, P<0.007) were most likely to develop T2DM compared with the normal ones. The odds of having diabetes were also found significant between subjects with high levels of triglycerides (TG) (OR=1.49, P<0.007), compared with the normal ones and between subjects with low levels of HDL (OR=1.44, P<0.008) compared with the ones with high levels of HDL. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Cyprus is relatively medium-high. However, the pre-diabetes rates are very high showing a promising increase toward total rates of type 2 diabetes. Obesity, HT, WC, TG, HC and low HDL are all strong correlates of type 2 diabetes. Healthy education programs should be initiated for young and older-aged people and those with described abnormal risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Andreou
- Cyprus Dietetic and Nutrition Association, Cyprus; Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Dimitrios Papandreou
- Cyprus Dietetic and Nutrition Association, Cyprus; Zayed University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Savvas Savva
- Cyprus Dietetic and Nutrition Association, Cyprus
| | - Antony Kafatos
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonios Zampelas
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gold nanoparticles-based SPECT/CT imaging probe targeting for vulnerable atherosclerosis plaques. Biomaterials 2016; 108:71-80. [PMID: 27619241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to realize accurate localization and precise evaluation of vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques via dual-modal imaging, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were firstly caped with a thin amino-PEGs cover and then conjugated with the targeting molecular Annexin V and radionuclide Tc-99m simultaneously to form SPECT/CT imaging probe targeting apoptotic macrophages. The as-synthesized (99m)Tc-GNPs-Annexin V was with uniform size (30.2 ± 2.9 nm) and high labeling rate (98.9 ± 0.5%) and stability. Targeting ability of Annexin V for apoptotic macrophages was kept and enhanced. For macrophages with 30% apoptosis, cellular uptakes of 3.52 ± 0.35% for (99m)Tc-GNPs-Annexin V, 2.41 ± 0.53% for (99m)Tc-GNPs and 1.68 ± 0.36% for (99m)Tc-Annexin V were achieved after 2 h incubation. ApoE knock out mice with high fat diet-induced atherosclerosis were scanned via (99m)Tc-GNPs-Annexin V SPECT/CT. With the introduction of targeting molecules, imaging probe was more efficient in accumulating in apoptotic macrophages. In practical evaluation, CT helps to restrict the lesions depiction more accurately, meanwhile, SPECT imaging intensity correlated with pathological changes tightly. In conclusion, Annexin V-modified hybrid gold nanoparticles were successfully synthesized, and this imaging system helped to better localize and diagnose those vulnerable AS plaques via specific targeting the apoptotic macrophages.
Collapse
|
22
|
Porras AM, Shanmuganayagam D, Meudt JJ, Krueger CG, Hacker TA, Rahko PS, Reed JD, Masters KS. Development of Aortic Valve Disease in Familial Hypercholesterolemic Swine: Implications for Elucidating Disease Etiology. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:e002254. [PMID: 26508741 PMCID: PMC4845146 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a prevalent hereditary disease associated with increased atherosclerosis and calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). However, in both FH and non‐FH individuals, the role of hypercholesterolemia in the development of CAVD is poorly understood. This study used Rapacz FH (RFH) swine, an established model of human FH, to investigate the role of hypercholesterolemia alone in the initiation and progression of CAVD. The valves of RFH swine have not previously been examined. Methods and Results Aortic valve leaflets were isolated from wild‐type (0.25‐ and 1‐year‐old) and RFH (0.25‐, 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year‐old) swine. Adult RFH animals exhibited numerous hallmarks of early CAVD. Significant leaflet thickening was found in adult RFH swine, accompanied by extensive extracellular matrix remodeling, including proteoglycan enrichment, collagen disorganization, and elastin fragmentation. Increased lipid oxidation and infiltration of macrophages were also evident in adult RFH swine. Intracardiac echocardiography revealed mild aortic valve sclerosis in some of the adult RFH animals, but unimpaired valve function. Microarray analysis of valves from adult versus juvenile RFH animals revealed significant upregulation of inflammation‐related genes, as well as several commonalities with atherosclerosis and overlap with human CAVD. Conclusions Adult RFH swine exhibited several hallmarks of early human CAVD, suggesting potential for these animals to help elucidate CAVD etiology in both FH and non‐FH individuals. The development of advanced atherosclerotic lesions, but only early‐stage CAVD, in RFH swine supports the hypothesis of an initial shared disease process, with additional stimulation necessary for further progression of CAVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Porras
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI
| | | | - Jennifer J. Meudt
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI
| | | | - Timothy A. Hacker
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI
| | - Peter S. Rahko
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI
| | - Jess D. Reed
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI
| | - Kristyn S. Masters
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Johnson SC, Dong X, Vijg J, Suh Y. Genetic evidence for common pathways in human age-related diseases. Aging Cell 2015; 14:809-17. [PMID: 26077337 PMCID: PMC4568968 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the single largest risk factor for chronic disease. Studies in model organisms have identified conserved pathways that modulate aging rate and the onset and progression of multiple age-related diseases, suggesting that common pathways of aging may influence age-related diseases in humans as well. To determine whether there is genetic evidence supporting the notion of common pathways underlying age-related diseases, we analyzed the genes and pathways found to be associated with five major categories of age-related disease using a total of 410 genomewide association studies (GWAS). While only a small number of genes are shared among all five disease categories, those found in at least three of the five major age-related disease categories are highly enriched for apoliprotein metabolism genes. We found that a more substantial number of gene ontology (GO) terms are shared among the 5 age-related disease categories and shared GO terms include canonical aging pathways identified in model organisms, such as nutrient-sensing signaling, translation, proteostasis, stress responses, and genome maintenance. Taking advantage of the vast amount of genetic data from the GWAS, our findings provide the first direct evidence that conserved pathways of aging simultaneously influence multiple age-related diseases in humans as has been demonstrated in model organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon C. Johnson
- Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
| | - Xiao Dong
- Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
| | - Jan Vijg
- Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
- Department of Medicine Endocrinology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shi M, Yin F, Gu H, Zhu J, Yin X. Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-Coated Stents Inhibit Restenosis in a Rabbit Carotid Artery Model. Cardiovasc Ther 2015; 33:353-9. [PMID: 26280363 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our aim was to study the efficacy and safety of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)-coated stents in inhibiting restenosis in a rabbit carotid artery model. METHODS Subculture was conducted in aorta smooth muscle cell, which was taken from male Wistar rat, and the 3-5-generation cells were taken for plasmid transfection and cytotoxicity experiment. TFPI microspheres were made of a TFPI plasmid which was enwrapped by poly-l-glutamic acid (PLGA). TFPI-coated stents (n = 7) and bare metal stents (n = 6) were implanted into prepared carotid artery stenosis model of New Zealand white rabbits. The transfection efficiency of TFPI gene and its influence on animal tissue, restenosis inhibition, and biochemical indicator were observed. RESULT Tissue factor pathway inhibitor microspheres can transfect successfully into cells, and present no cytotoxicity. Autopsy results showed no pathological changes in liver and spleen of rabbits after implanting TFPI-coated stents. TFPI gene could transfect and express successfully in vessel wall cells, and thrombus was found in some lumens of bare metal stents group after 7 day, while no such thrombus was observed in coated stents group. Degree of hyperplasia of coronary endarterectomy in bare metal stents group was evidently higher than those in coated stents group. Obvious stent restenosis was discovered only in one case in bare metal stents group (diameter stenosis ≥50%). However, no case in coated stents group showed with stent restenosis. CONCLUSION Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-coated stents could successfully transfect TFPI gene into vessel wall cells, thereby inhibiting restenosis without obvious side effect in the rabbit carotid artery model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Shi
- Department of Cardiovasology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Yin
- Department of Cardiovasology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyue Gu
- Department of Cardiovasology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Cardiovasology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinhua Yin
- Department of Cardiovasology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Berger S, Raman G, Vishwanathan R, Jacques PF, Johnson EJ. Dietary cholesterol and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:276-94. [PMID: 26109578 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary cholesterol has been suggested to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which has led to US recommendations to reduce cholesterol intake. OBJECTIVE The authors examine the effects of dietary cholesterol on CVD risk in healthy adults by using systematic review and meta-analysis. DESIGN MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, and Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau Abstracts databases were searched through December 2013 for prospective studies that quantified dietary cholesterol. Investigators independently screened citations and verified extracted data on study and participant characteristics, outcomes, and quality. Random-effect models meta-analysis was used when at least 3 studies reported the same CVD outcome. RESULTS Forty studies (17 cohorts in 19 publications with 361,923 subjects and 19 trials in 21 publications with 632 subjects) published between 1979 and 2013 were eligible for review. Dietary cholesterol was not statistically significantly associated with any coronary artery disease (4 cohorts; no summary RR), ischemic stroke (4 cohorts; summary RR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.28), or hemorrhagic stroke (3 cohorts; summary RR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.79, 1.50). Dietary cholesterol statistically significantly increased both serum total cholesterol (17 trials; net change: 11.2 mg/dL; 95% CI: 6.4, 15.9) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (14 trials; net change: 6.7 mg/dL; 95% CI: 1.7, 11.7 mg/dL). Increases in LDL cholesterol were no longer statistically significant when intervention doses exceeded 900 mg/d. Dietary cholesterol also statistically significantly increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (13 trials; net change: 3.2 mg/dL; 95% CI: 0.9, 9.7 mg/dL) and the LDL to high-density lipoprotein ratio (5 trials; net change: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.0, 0.3). Dietary cholesterol did not statistically significantly change serum triglycerides or very-low-density lipoprotein concentrations. CONCLUSION Reviewed studies were heterogeneous and lacked the methodologic rigor to draw any conclusions regarding the effects of dietary cholesterol on CVD risk. Carefully adjusted and well-conducted cohort studies would be useful to identify the relative effects of dietary cholesterol on CVD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Berger
- Tufts Clinical Evidence Synthesis Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, and
| | - Gowri Raman
- Tufts Clinical Evidence Synthesis Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, and
| | - Rohini Vishwanathan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition, Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition, Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Elizabeth J Johnson
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition, Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Value of Low-Dose Dobutamine Stress Real-Time Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease. Am J Ther 2015; 24:e270-e277. [PMID: 26164027 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the value of low-dose dobutamine stress real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography (RT-MCE) in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD). A total of 65 hospitalized patients with suspected or confirmed CHD were detected by RT-MCE combined with low-dose dobutamine stress (0.84 mg/kg). Perfusion curves were quantitatively analyzed using QLAB software. Peak intensity (A), slope of curves (β), and perfusion (A × β) were also calculated. Based on the results of coronary angiography, patients were divided into no obvious stenosis group (<50%), mild stenosis group (50%-74%), moderate stenosis group (75%-89%), and severe stenosis group (≥90%). The A, β, and A × β values before and after low-dose dobutamine stress of each group were compared. In the basal state and after low-dose dobutamine stress, the A, β, and A × β values significantly decreased as the stenosis degree of the myocardial segments increased. The same variation tendency was also found in the A, β, and A × β reserve values, and there was significant difference in these reserve values between moderate and severe stenosis groups and no obvious stenosis and mild stenosis groups. Collateral circulation had marked effects on the values of myocardial perfusion parameters and their reserve values, especially in the segments with severe stenosis. Low-dose dobutamine stress RT-MCE can be a sensitive method for clinical diagnosis and risk assessment of CHD and may provide a basis for further treatment of CHD.
Collapse
|
27
|
Shrivastava AK, Singh HV, Raizada A, Singh SK. C-reactive protein, inflammation and coronary heart disease. Egypt Heart J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehj.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
28
|
Duan XW, Tang J, Liu W, Kong DR. Efficacy and safety of simvastatin combined with Bifico for elderly patients with hyperlipidemia. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:2017-2021. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i12.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of simvastatin combined with Bifico in the treatment of elderly patients with hyperlipidemia.
METHODS: Ninety-two elderly patients with hyperlipidemia were randomly assigned to a study group (46 cases) and a control group (46 cases). Patients in the study group were treated with simvastatin combined with Bifico, while those in the control group were treated with simvastatin. After 8 wk of treatment, the efficacy and the changes in the lipid levels in the two groups were observed, and the incidence of adverse reactions was recorded.
RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the study group and the control group in the total effective rate (88.64% vs 71.73%, P < 0.05). Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) showed significant differences in both groups between before and after treatment (P < 0.05). After treatment, TC, TG and LDL-C in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The incidences of adverse reactions, such as gastrointestinal discomfort and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (21.74% vs 6.52%, 17.39% vs 4.35%, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Simvastatin combined with Bifico has good efficacy and safety in elderly patients with hyperlipidemia.
Collapse
|
29
|
Li YY. ApoB gene SpIns/Del, XbaI polymorphisms and myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of 7169 participants. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2015; 15:717-26. [PMID: 25083581 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e328364be64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) gene signal peptide insertion/deletion (SpIns/Del, I/D) and XbaI polymorphisms have been associated with susceptibility to myocardial infarction (MI). However, the results of studies on this association are still controversial. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS This study explored reports published from 1986 to 2008 regarding the association of ApoB gene SpIns/Del and XbaI polymorphisms with MI. A meta-analysis including 7169 participants from 19 individual studies was performed. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were evaluated by fixed-effect or random-effect models. RESULTS A significant relationship between ApoB SpIns/Del gene polymorphism and MI was found under allelic (OR: 1.270, 95% CI: 1.090-1.480, P = 0.002), recessive (OR: 1.360, 95% CI: 1.130-1.630, P = 0.0009), dominant (OR: 1.091, 95% CI: 1.037-1.146, P = 0.001), homozygous (OR: 1.610, 95% CI: 1.330-1.950, P <0.00001) and heterozygous (OR: 1.081, 95% CI: 1.020-1.146, P = 0.009) genetic models. A marginal relationship between ApoB XbaI polymorphism and MI was found under a dominant genetic model (OR: 1.083, 95% CI: 1.004-1.168, P = 0.039). No significant association was detected under other genetic models (P >0.05). However, in the non-European subgroup analysis, increased MI risk emerged under all genetic models (P <0.05). CONCLUSION ApoB SpIns/Del gene polymorphism was positively associated with increased MI risk. D allele and DD genotype carriers might be predisposed to MI susceptibility. The ApoB XbaI gene polymorphism locus had a significant positive association with increased MI risk only in the non-European population. T allele and TT genotype carriers might be susceptible to MI in the non-European population. On the contrary, the ApoB gene XbaI restriction fragment length polymorphism was not associated with increased MI risk in the entire population, particularly in the European population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-yan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Boja ES, Kinsinger CR, Rodriguez H, Srinivas P. Integration of omics sciences to advance biology and medicine. Clin Proteomics 2014. [PMCID: PMC4274684 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-11-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, our ability to study cellular and molecular systems has been transformed through the development of omics sciences. While unlimited potential lies within massive omics datasets, the success of omics sciences to further our understanding of human disease and/or translating these findings to clinical utility remains elusive due to a number of factors. A significant limiting factor is the integration of different omics datasets (i.e., integromics) for extraction of biological and clinical insights. To this end, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) organized a joint workshop in June 2012 with the focus on integration issues related to multi-omics technologies that needed to be resolved in order to realize the full utility of integrating omics datasets by providing a glimpse into the disease as an integrated “system”. The overarching goals were to (1) identify challenges and roadblocks in omics integration, and (2) facilitate the full maturation of ‘integromics’ in biology and medicine. Participants reached a consensus on the most significant barriers for integrating omics sciences and provided recommendations on viable approaches to overcome each of these barriers within the areas of technology, bioinformatics and clinical medicine.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ma M, Song QH, Xu RM, Zhang QH, Shen GQ, Guo YH, Wang Y. Treatment effect of the method of Tai Chi exercise in combination with inhalation of air negative oxygen ions on hyperlipidemia. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:2309-2313. [PMID: 25232426 PMCID: PMC4161586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the improvement effect of the treatment method of Tai Chi exercise in combination with inhalation of the air negative oxygen ions on the blood lipid indicator of the patient suffering from the hyperlipidemia. METHODS 56 patients, who are diagnosed with hyperlipidemia, are the study objects and divided into an observation group and a control group by the random number method. Each group consists of 28 patients. The patients in the control group do Tai Chi exercise for about 60 min once a day; the patients in the observation group, in addition to Tai Chi exercise, are treated by inhalation of the air negative oxygen ions. Before the treatment and after 6 months' treatment, respectively test and compare body fat content, blood lipid, blood rheology and psychological adaptation as well as other indicators for these two groups of patients. RESULTS In comparison with the ordinary materials of the patients in two groups before the treatment, it shows no significant difference, P>0.05; after they are respectively treated for 6 months, it is found that the testing indicators of the patients in two groups are improved to some extent, but those of the observation group are better. Compared with the improvement effect of the control group, the difference has statistical significance, P<0.05. CONCLUSION Tai Chi Exercise can improve the blood lipid indicator of the patient suffering from hyperlipidemia to some extent, however, the treatment method, in combination with inhalation of air negative oxygen ion, can obtain better effect than that of single Tai Chi exercise. Tip: the environment of the exercise plays an important intervention role in the treatment effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ma
- The Center of Physical Health, Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000, Henan Province, China
| | - Qing-Hua Song
- The Center of Physical Health, Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000, Henan Province, China
| | - Rong-Mei Xu
- The Center of Physical Health, Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000, Henan Province, China
| | - Quan-Hai Zhang
- The Lab of Human Body Science, Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000, Henan Province, China
| | - Guo-Qing Shen
- The Lab of Human Body Science, Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan-Hua Guo
- The Center of Physical Health, Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000, Henan Province, China
| | - Yi Wang
- The Center of Physical Health, Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000, Henan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Imes CC, Burke LE. The Obesity Epidemic: The United States as a Cautionary Tale for the Rest of the World. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2014; 1:82-88. [PMID: 24977112 PMCID: PMC4066984 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-014-0012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic and its prevalence continues to increase in many developed and developing countries. This brief review provides an update on the prevalence of obesity in the United States (US) and globally, reviews the underlying mechanism of several comorbidities associated with obesity, and discusses the economic burden of obesity. Although the overall prevalence of obesity in the US is not increasing, racial and ethnic minorities continue to struggle with rising obesity rates. Globally, the largest increases are being observed in developing continues. Given the comorbidities associated with obesity and its immense economic burden, nearly every country will soon struggle with the financial and healthcare implications of the epidemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Imes
- Health Promotion and Development, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA 15261,
| | - Lora E Burke
- Health and Community Systems, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Barona J, Fernandez ML. Dietary cholesterol affects plasma lipid levels, the intravascular processing of lipoproteins and reverse cholesterol transport without increasing the risk for heart disease. Nutrients 2012; 4:1015-25. [PMID: 23016129 PMCID: PMC3448084 DOI: 10.3390/nu4081015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The associations between dietary cholesterol and heart disease are highly controversial. While epidemiological studies and clinical interventions have shown the lack of correlation between cholesterol intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, there is still concern among health practitioners and the general population regarding dietary cholesterol. In this review, several clinical studies utilizing cholesterol challenges are analyzed in terms of changes that occur in lipoprotein metabolism resulting from excess consumption of cholesterol. Dietary cholesterol has been shown to increase both LDL and HDL in those individuals who respond to a cholesterol challenge without altering the LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio, a key marker of CVD risk. Further, dietary cholesterol has been shown to increase only HDL with no changes in LDL with average cholesterol consumption and during weight loss interventions. Ingestion of cholesterol has also been shown to increase the size of both LDL and HDL particles with the associated implications of a less atherogenic LDL particle as well as more functional HDL in reverse cholesterol transport. Other changes observed in lipoprotein metabolism are a greater number of large LDL and decreases in small LDL subfractions. All this information put together points to specific roles of dietary cholesterol in substantially altering intravascular processing of lipoproteins as well as reverse cholesterol transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Barona
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
- School of Microbiology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, A.A. 1226, Colombia
| | - Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| |
Collapse
|