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Zhang X, Li H. The Moderation Effects of Self-Construal Between Dispositional Mindfulness and Interpersonal Forgiveness. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:2470-2488. [PMID: 36645046 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231152395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies found an association between mindfulness and forgiveness. However, the effects of self-construal on this association are still unclear. In the present study, self-reported forgiveness and a behavioral measure of forgiveness were used to explore the moderating effect of self-construal plays between mindfulness and forgiveness among 126 participants recruited based on their mindfulness scores. Results showed that participants with high level of mindfulness in the interdependent self-construal condition reported greater forgiveness and gave more money donations towards transgressors than those in the independent self-construal condition, while there is no significant difference between interdependent and independent self-construal groups among participants with low level of mindfulness. These findings suggest that self-construal moderates the relationship between mindfulness and interpersonal forgiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijiang Li
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- The Research Base of Online Education for Shanghai Middle and Primary Schools, Shanghai, China
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Rosero-Pahi M, Andoh J, Shields GS, Acosta-Ortiz A, Serrano-Gomez S, Slavich GM. Cumulative lifetime stressor exposure impairs stimulus-response but not contextual learning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13080. [PMID: 38844465 PMCID: PMC11156921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62595-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Greater exposure to stressors over the life course is believed to promote striatum-dependent over hippocampus-dependent learning and memory processes under stressful conditions. However, little research in this context has actually assessed lifetime stressor exposure and, moreover, it remains unknown whether greater cumulative lifetime stressor exposure exerts comparable effects on striatum-dependent learning and hippocampus-dependent learning in non-stressful contexts. To investigate this issue, we used the Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults (Adult STRAIN) and Multicued Search Task to investigate the relation between cumulative lifetime stressor exposure and striatum-dependent stimulus-response learning and hippocampus-dependent contextual learning under non-stressful conditions among healthcare professionals (N = 205; 157 females, 48 males; Age: M = 34.23, SD 9.3, range 20-59 years). Individuals with moderate, but not low, cumulative lifetime stressor exposure exhibited impaired learning for stimulus-response associations. In contrast, learning for context associations was unrelated to participants' lifetime stressor exposure profiles. These results thus provide first evidence that cumulative lifetime stressor exposure may have negative consequences on human striatum-dependent stimulus-response learning under non-stressful environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rosero-Pahi
- Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience Lab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Jamila Andoh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Grant S Shields
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Alida Acosta-Ortiz
- Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience Lab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Sergio Serrano-Gomez
- Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience Lab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - George M Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Geffen R, Braun C. Effects of Geometric Sound on Brainwave Activity Patterns, Autonomic Nervous System Markers, Emotional Response, and Faraday Wave Pattern Morphology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2024; 2024:9844809. [PMID: 38586300 PMCID: PMC10997421 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9844809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces Geometric Sound as a subfield of spatial sound featuring audio stimuli which are sonic holograms of mathematically defined 3D shapes. The effects of Geometric Sound on human physiology were investigated through EEG, heart rate, blood pressure, and a combination of questionnaires monitoring 50 healthy participants in two separate experiments. The impact of Geometric Sound on Faraday wave pattern morphology was further studied. The shapes examined, pyramid, cube, and sphere, exhibited varying significant effects on autonomic nervous system markers, brainwave power amplitude, topology, and connectivity patterns, in comparison to both the control (traditional stereo), and recorded baseline where no sound was presented. Brain activity in the Alpha band exhibited the most significant results, additional noteworthy results were observed across analysis paradigms in all frequency bands. Geometric Sound was found to significantly reduce heart rate and blood pressure and enhance relaxation and general well-being. Changes in EEG, heart rate, and blood pressure were primarily shape-dependent, and to a lesser extent sex-dependent. Pyramid Geometric Sound yielded the most significant results in most analysis paradigms. Faraday Waves patterns morphology analysis indicated that identical frequencies result in patterns that correlate with the excitation Geometric Sound shape. We suggest that Geometric Sound shows promise as a noninvasive therapeutic approach for physical and psychological conditions, stress-related disorders, depression, anxiety, and neurotrauma. Further research is warranted to elucidate underlying mechanisms and expand its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Braun
- Tübingen University, MEG-Center, Tübingen 72074, Germany
- HIH Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
- CIMeC Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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McLoughlin E, Arnold R, Moore LJ, Slavich GM, Fletcher D. A qualitative exploration of how lifetime stressor exposure influences sport performers' health, well-being, and performance. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024; 37:233-250. [PMID: 37665577 PMCID: PMC11216060 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2246023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Recent research has shown that lifetime stressor exposure can negatively impact sport performers. However, this work has predominantly relied on quantitative methods, which has provided limited information regarding how stressors occurring over the life course affect health, well-being, and performance. This study aimed to explore how relatively high levels of lifetime (non-sport and sport-specific) stressor exposure influenced sport performers' health, well-being, and performance. METHODS AND DESIGN To identify participants who had experienced high lifetime (non-sport and sport-specific) stressors, we used criterion-based purposeful sampling from a prior study. Subsequently, semi-structured interviews, complemented by timelining, were conducted with 22 sport performers (17 female; Mage = 25.89, SD = 10.20). RESULTS We used reflexive thematic analysis to develop three overarching themes that illustrate how high lifetime (non-sport and sport-specific) stressor exposure influences sport performers' health, well-being, and performance. These were: psychological (e.g., maladaptive coping strategies), social (e.g., difficulties in building relationships), and behavioral (e.g., risky behaviors) factors. CONCLUSIONS These findings can help practitioners identify sport performers at risk of developing stress-related health, well-being, and performance problems, and may aid the development of effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella McLoughlin
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Lee J. Moore
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - George M. Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Fletcher
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Whitaker WK, Brannon LA. Mindfulness and Implementation Planning: Promoting Self-Reported and Behavioral Forgiveness. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:2707-2728. [PMID: 35514084 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221100450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current research examined mindfulness and implementation planning as practices that promote interpersonal forgiveness. A unique contribution of this work includes the investigation of motives and techniques that might promote both self-reported and behavioral forgiveness. Young adults (N = 80; M = 19.2 years) completed a task in which a standardized, interpersonal transgression occurred without the participants' knowledge. Results indicate that individuals who received training in either a mindfulness practice (i.e., mindful breathing) or implementation planning practice (i.e., developing "if-then" plan statements) reported better overall mood following the standardized transgression. Interestingly, mindful breathing appeared to be the most beneficial practice to enhance positive attitudes toward the forgiveness process and promote self-reported and behavioral forgiveness. Findings are consistent with prior research investigating the effectiveness of mindful breathing and implementation planning following an actual interpersonal transgression. Implications as well as future research directions within the context of forgiveness and relationships are discussed.
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Hamlat EJ, Neilands TB, Laraia B, Zhang J, Lu AT, Lin J, Horvath S, Epel ES. Early life adversity predicts an accelerated cellular aging phenotype through early timing of puberty. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7720-7728. [PMID: 37325994 PMCID: PMC11131158 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study examined if early adversity was associated with accelerated biological aging, and if effects were mediated by the timing of puberty. METHODS In early mid-life, 187 Black and 198 White (Mage = 39.4, s.d.age = 1.2) women reported on early abuse and age at first menstruation (menarche). Women provided saliva and blood to assess epigenetic aging, telomere length, and C-reactive protein. Using structural equation modeling, we created a latent variable of biological aging using epigenetic aging, telomere length, and C-reactive protein as indicators, and a latent variable of early abuse using indicators of abuse/threat events before age 13, physical abuse, and sexual abuse. We estimated the indirect effects of early abuse and of race on accelerated aging through age at menarche. Race was used as a proxy for adversity in the form of systemic racism. RESULTS There was an indirect effect of early adversity on accelerated aging through age at menarche (b = 0.19, 95% CI 0.03-0.44), in that women who experienced more adversity were younger at menarche, which was associated with greater accelerated aging. There was also an indirect effect of race on accelerated aging through age at menarche (b = 0.25, 95% CI 0.04-0.52), in that Black women were younger at menarche, which led to greater accelerated aging. CONCLUSIONS Early abuse and being Black in the USA may both induce a phenotype of accelerated aging. Early adversity may begin to accelerate aging during childhood, in the form of early pubertal timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa J. Hamlat
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Torsten B. Neilands
- Division of Prevention Science | Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Laraia
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ake T. Lu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Díez-Solinska A, Azkona G, Muñoz-Culla M, Beitia-Oyarzabal G, Goñi-Balentziaga O, Gómez-Lazaro E, Vegas O. The role of sociability in social instability stress: Behavioral, neuroendocrine and monoaminergic effects. Physiol Behav 2023; 270:114306. [PMID: 37516231 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Extensive literature has reported a link between social stress and mental health. In this complex relationship, individual strategies for coping with social stress are thought to have a possible modulating effect, with sociability being a key factor. Despite the higher incidence of affective disorders in females and sex-related neurochemical differences, female populations have been understudied. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to analyze the behavioral, neuroendocrine, and neurochemical effects of stress in female OF1 mice, paying special attention to social connectedness (female mice with high vs low sociability). To this end, subjects were exposed to the Chronic Social Instability Stress (CSIS) model for four weeks. Although female mice exposed to CSIS had increased arousal, there was no evidence of depressive-like behavior. Neither did exposure to CSIS affect corticosterone levels, although it did increase the MR/GR ratio by decreasing GR expression. Female mice exposed to CSIS had higher noradrenaline and dopamine levels in the hippocampus and striatum respectively, with a lower monoaminergic turnover, resulting in an increased arousal. CSIS increased serotonin levels in both the hippocampus and striatum. Similarly, CSIS was found to reduce kynurenic acid, 3-HK, and IDO and iNOS enzyme levels in the hippocampus. Interestingly, the observed decrease in IDO synthesis and the increased serotonin and dopamine levels in the striatum were only found in subjects with high sociability. These highly sociable female mice also had significantly lower levels of noradrenaline in the striatum after CSIS application. Overall, our model has produced neuroendocrine and neurochemical but not behavioral changes, so it has not allowed us to study sociability in depth. Therefore, a model that induces both molecular and behavioral phenotypes should be applied to determine the role of sociability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Díez-Solinska
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes and their Development, School of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Garikoitz Azkona
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes and their Development, School of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Maider Muñoz-Culla
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes and their Development, School of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Biodonostia Institute, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Garikoitz Beitia-Oyarzabal
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes and their Development, School of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Olatz Goñi-Balentziaga
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, and Research Methods, School of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eneritz Gómez-Lazaro
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes and their Development, School of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Oscar Vegas
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes and their Development, School of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Biodonostia Institute, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
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Issa R, Sfeir M, Azzi V, Salameh P, Akiki M, Akel M, Hallit S, Obeid S, Malaeb D, Hallit R. Association of Computer Vision Syndrome with Depression/Anxiety among Lebanese Young Adults: The Mediating Effect of Stress. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2674. [PMID: 37830711 PMCID: PMC10572235 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Computers have become indispensable in daily activities. With this excess use of electronics, computer vision syndrome (CVS), a highly prevalent condition, is associated with various symptoms. Although understanding the relationship between CVS and mental health has been reported, the impact of CVS has not been explored on more than one psychological aspect. We hypothesize that higher CVS symptoms could be associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression, mediated by higher stress. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the association between CVS and depression and anxiety among a sample of Lebanese young adults, along with evaluating the mediating effect of stress on these associations. Between August 2020 and April 2021, 749 participants completed an online questionnaire for this cross-sectional study. Females compared to males (Beta = 3.73) and those with CVS compared to those who did not (Beta = 3.14) were significantly associated with more anxiety, whereas having a university level of education compared to secondary or less (Beta = -3.02) was significantly associated with less anxiety. Females compared to males (Beta = 2.55) and those with CVS compared to those without (Beta = 2.61) were significantly associated with more depression, whereas being of an older age (Beta = -0.18) was significantly associated with less depression. Stress partially mediated the association between CVS and anxiety and between CVS and depression. More CVS was significantly associated with more stress (Beta = 3.05). Higher stress was significantly associated with more anxiety (Beta = 0.70) and depression (Beta = 0.71), whereas more CVS was significantly and directly associated with more anxiety (Beta = 3.14) and depression (Beta = 2.61). This study is the first worldwide to evaluate an association between CVS and mental health. Our results serve as a starting point for healthcare providers (psychiatrists and psychologists, most importantly) to look deeper into CVS when looking for reasons behind mental health issues. Further studies are warranted to confirm our results and look for more factors and mediators in such associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Issa
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon; (R.I.); (V.A.); (S.H.); (R.H.)
| | - Michel Sfeir
- Faculty of Social and Political Sciences (SSP), Institute of Psychology (IP), University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Vanessa Azzi
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon; (R.I.); (V.A.); (S.H.); (R.H.)
| | - Pascale Salameh
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 5053, Lebanon;
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut P.O. Box 12109, Lebanon;
- Medical School, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat 1103, Lebanon
| | - Maria Akiki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Michael’s Medical Center, Newark, NJ 07102, USA;
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut P.O. Box 12109, Lebanon;
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut P.O. Box 146404, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon; (R.I.); (V.A.); (S.H.); (R.H.)
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib P.O. Box 60096, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil P.O. Box 13-5053, Lebanon;
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman P.O. Box 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon; (R.I.); (V.A.); (S.H.); (R.H.)
- Department of Infectious Disease, Notre-Dame des Secours University Hospital, Byblos Postal Code 3, Lebanon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Bellevue Medical Center, Mansourieh P.O. Box 295, Lebanon
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Li S, Cheng S, Shangguan C, Su X, Li X. Forgive or complain: Interpersonal distance modulates reactive attitudes and neural responses toward wrongdoers. Biol Psychol 2023; 183:108653. [PMID: 37536652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
While the effect of interpersonal distance on forgiveness has been investigated over the past few years, it remains unclear whether this facilitating effect holds even when measured implicitly. Meanwhile, though cognitive control and the corresponding prefrontal cortex play a prominent role in forgiveness processing, the neural mechanism underlying forgiveness toward varied wrongdoers is largely unexplored. Here, forty-two participants initially underwent noise offense either from their friend or stranger, followed by a word identification test to examine their implicit attitude, during which they were presented with word-name combinations and required to categorize forgive- or complain-label words while ignoring the names of their friends or strangers below. A shorter reaction time reflects more congruence with one's implicit attitude. Electroencephalogram was recorded during the word identification test. Behaviorally, while individuals reacted faster to forgive-friend relative to complain-friend pairings, no such reaction bias was found for the stranger-wrongdoer, which suggests that individuals were more inclined to forgive someone close. Regarding the EEG/ERP results, forgive-friend elicited lower alpha oscillation and more negative frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) value than complain-friend combinations, suggesting increased and dominant activity in the right prefrontal network during forgiveness toward friends. Whereas complain- relative to forgive-stranger combinations elicited larger P3 amplitudes, suggesting a neural encoding bias to information associated with complaints about stranger-wrongdoer. These multimodal findings provide evidence for the benefits of closeness in forgiveness and shed light on the neural mechanisms underlying forgiveness toward different types of wrongdoers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijin Li
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Si Cheng
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chenyu Shangguan
- College of Education Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xianling Su
- College of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xu Li
- College of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
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Hsu JW, Chen LC, Bai YM, Huang KL, Tsai SJ, Su TP, Chen MH. Appetite hormone dysregulation, body mass index, and emotional dysregulation in nonobese adolescents with first-episode schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder: a cross-sectional association study. CNS Spectr 2023; 28:629-636. [PMID: 36762484 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852923000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence has suggested that emotional dysregulation is a transdiagnostic feature in schizophrenia and major affective disorders. However, the relationship between emotional dysregulation and appetite hormone disturbance remains unknown in nonobese adolescents with first-episode schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. METHODS In total, 22 adolescents with schizophrenia; 31 with bipolar disorder; 33 with major depressive disorder; and 41 healthy age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)/BMI percentile-matched controls were enrolled for assessing levels of appetite hormones, namely leptin, ghrelin, insulin, and adiponectin. Emotional regulation symptoms were measured using the parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulation Profile. RESULTS Adolescents with first-episode schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder exhibited greater emotional dysregulation symptoms than the control group (P = .037). Adolescents with bipolar disorder demonstrated higher log-transformed levels of insulin (P = .029) and lower log-transformed levels of leptin (P = .018) compared with the control group. BMI (P < .05) and log-transformed ghrelin levels (P = .028) were positively correlated with emotional dysregulation symptoms. DISCUSSION Emotional dysregulation and appetite hormone disturbance may occur in the early stage of severe mental disorders. Further studies are required to clarify the unidirectional or bidirectional association of emotional dysregulation with BMI/BMI percentile and appetite hormones among patients with severe mental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Wei Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chi Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, General Cheng Hsin Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Mei Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lin Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ping Su
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, General Cheng Hsin Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Lundqvist C, Asratian A, Dahlström Ö. General lifestyle factors explain young athletes' mental health more than perceived coach autonomy support: a cross-sectional study on basketball players and gymnasts aged 10-22. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001648. [PMID: 37637482 PMCID: PMC10450084 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study described differences in lifestyle factors (sleeping problems/fatigue, pressure/activation), perceived coach autonomy support and indicators of mental health (well-being and poor general mental health) across various age groups (children ≤12 years, youths 13-15 years, junior to senior ≥16 years) and sports (basketball and gymnastics). Second, the relationships between lifestyle factors and mental health indicators were explored, hypothesising that the relationships would be mediated by perceived coach autonomy support. Methods A cross-sectional study design was implemented by using an online survey which assessed lifestyle and environmental factors as well as mental health indicators. Participants were recruited through sports clubs in basketball and gymnastics. A total of 209 athletes (77 basketball players and 132 gymnasts) in the age range of 10-22 (median=13) years volunteered to complete the survey. Results Separate two-way analyses of variance showed significant main effects for age group on sleeping problems/fatigue, sleep quantity, pressure/activation, well-being and poor general mental health, with higher scores reported for older age groups of athletes. Path analysis displayed sleeping problems/fatigue and pressure/activation to significantly affect decreased well-being and poor general mental health; however, the relationships were not mediated by perceived coach autonomy support. Conclusion Lifestyle factors play a prominent role in mental health outcomes. Researchers studying athlete mental health should consider both general lifestyle and sports-related factors, considering developmental phases in the young athlete's sporting context and overall life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Lundqvist
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
- Athletics Research Center, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Anna Asratian
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Örjan Dahlström
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
- Athletics Research Center, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
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Zajdel M, Swan T, Robinson T, Keller KR, Mountcastle L, Koehly LM. Stress, Coping, and Physical Health in Caregiving. TRANSLATIONAL ISSUES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:123-136. [PMID: 38105916 PMCID: PMC10723597 DOI: 10.1037/tps0000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Informal caregivers experience a great deal of stress due to care-related duties and responsibilities. Caregiving stress has the ability to impact caregivers' physical health, but has been largely understudied in caregivers of children with a chronic illness. In this study, we examine the associations of stress to both caregiver self-rated health and biomarkers of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and immune systems (arginine vasopressin, c-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha). We also examine whether coping style (proactive, avoidant, support coping) buffers the links of stress to health across two different stressor contexts: caregiving for a child with a rare or undiagnosed disease (n = 101) and caregiving for a typically developing child (n = 69). Results indicated perceived stress was linked to worse self-rated health, however, stress was only linked to biological markers of health for caregivers of typically developing children. Results also suggest that coping style may moderate some of the links of stress to health, as proactive coping was linked to lower arginine vasopressin. However, models also suggested the role of coping style may differ based on caregiving context, as support coping was linked to better health only for caregivers of typically developing children, and more proactive coping overall was observed in the rare disease context. Future research should continue to examine how stress and coping interact within different caregiving contexts to protect caregiver health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Zajdel
- Social Network Methods Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | - Tracy Swan
- Social Network Methods Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | - Taylor Robinson
- Social Network Methods Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | - Krystyna R Keller
- Social Network Methods Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | - Lindsey Mountcastle
- Social Network Methods Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
| | - Laura M Koehly
- Social Network Methods Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute
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Suseno B, Hastjarjo TD. The effect of simulated natural environments in virtual reality and 2D video to reduce stress. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1016652. [PMID: 37251017 PMCID: PMC10214952 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1016652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is a common problem associated with poor physical and psychological health. Exposure to the natural environment is one method for reducing stress. The real and simulated natural environments have a restorative effect on stress reduction. In contrast to the real environment, simulated natural environments, such as virtual reality and 2D video, provide safer and more controllable exposure. Several studies on the restorative effects of the natural environment in virtual reality and 2D video have been conducted. However, the difference between the two in reducing stress must be clarified. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the simulated natural environments in virtual reality and 2D video and their differences in reducing stress. This study hypothesizes that both simulated natural environments in virtual reality and 2D video can reduce stress, but there is a difference between them in reducing stress. Fifty-three subjects were divided into two experimental groups: 2D video (n = 28) and virtual reality (n = 25). The results indicated that simulated natural environments in virtual reality and 2D video reduced stress. However, there was no difference between the two groups regarding stress reduction.
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Skolnick VG, Lynch BA, Smith L, Romanowicz M, Blain G, Toussaint L. The Association Between Parent and Child ACEs is Buffered by Forgiveness of Others and Self-Forgiveness. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 16:1-9. [PMID: 37359460 PMCID: PMC10173225 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00552-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine intergenerational transmission of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) from parents to children and examine the buffering influence of forgiveness of oneself and others. Participants were 150 parents and children enrolled in Head Start in an upper midwestern, rural state who volunteered to complete questionnaires measuring ACEs and levels of forgiveness of oneself and others. Multiple correlation and regression were used to examine the associations between parent-reported parent and child ACEs and self-forgiveness and forgiveness of others. Analyses revealed that parental ACEs and child ACEs were positively correlated. Parents with low and medium levels of self-forgiveness and forgiveness of others had a stronger positive correlation between their own experience of ACEs and their child's, whereas, for parents with high levels of self-forgiveness and forgiveness of others, the correlation between parent and child ACEs was reduced statistically to zero. The cycle of intergenerational transmission of ACEs may be interrupted, or at very least notably buffered, by forgiving oneself and others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian A. Lynch
- Division of Community Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | | | | | - Gretchen Blain
- Department of Psychology, Luther College, 7700 College Dr., Decorah, IA 52101 USA
| | - Loren Toussaint
- Department of Psychology, Luther College, 7700 College Dr., Decorah, IA 52101 USA
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Penado Abilleira M, Ríos-de-Deus MP, Tomé-Lourido D, Rodicio-García ML, Mosquera-González MJ, López-López D, Gómez-Salgado J. Relationship between Sports Practice, Physical and Mental Health and Anxiety-Depressive Symptomatology in the Spanish Prison Population. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11060789. [PMID: 36981446 PMCID: PMC10047943 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate, in a group of Galician inmates, if there were variations in the levels of physical and mental health and anxiety-depressive symptomatology, depending on the sports' practice performed. The relationship between these constructs was also investigated. The sample was composed of 509 people deprived of liberty in prisons in the Autonomous Community of Galicia, Spain. A quantitative methodology was used, with the questionnaire as an information collection instrument, Student's t-tests, Pearson's correlation analysis and a stepwise regression analysis were carried out. The results indicated that those who performed physical activity during their stay in prison had higher levels of physical and mental health, as well as lower indicators of anxiety-depressive symptoms. People who did not practice sports showed a decrease in their perceived health levels when compared to those perceived in their pre-prison stage. A negative association was shown between perceived health levels and anxiety-depressive symptomatology. Perceived physical health, alone, explained 35% of the variance in perceived mental health. These results add to knowledge about the relationships between perceived health, anxiety-depressive symptoms and sports practice in the group of people deprived of liberty, highlighting the importance of promoting physical activity in penitentiary institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Penado Abilleira
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - María-Paula Ríos-de-Deus
- Department of Specific Didactics, Research, and Diagnose Methods, Grupo de Investigación FORVI (Formación y Orientación para la Vida), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - María-Luisa Rodicio-García
- Department of Specific Didactics, Research, and Diagnose Methods, Grupo de Investigación FORVI (Formación y Orientación para la Vida), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - María-José Mosquera-González
- Department of Physical and Sport Education, Grupo de Investigación FORVI (Formación y Orientación para la Vida), Universidade da Coruña, 15179 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Daniel López-López
- Research, Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Industrial Campus of Ferrol, Universidade da Coruña, 15403 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil 092301, Ecuador
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16
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Uygur OF, Ahmed O, Uygur H, Bahar A, Hursitoglu O, Chung S, Drake CL. Type D personality to insomnia: Sleep reactivity, sleep effort, and sleep hygiene as mediators. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1160772. [PMID: 37113537 PMCID: PMC10128995 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1160772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insomniacs are heterogenous group with very diverse personalities. We aimed to investigate the mediating role of sleep reactivity (SR), sleep hygiene (SH), and sleep effort (SE) in the relationship between Type D personality and insomnia. Materials and methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 474 participants. The survey comprised the sociodemographic data form, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), D Type Personality Scale (DS-14), Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST), Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale (GSES), and Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI). We conducted hierarchical multiple regression analysis to identify the associations between age, sex, SR, Type D personality traits, SE, SH, and insomnia severity. We subsequently conducted mediation analyses to examine whether SR, SH, and SE mediated the relationship between Type D personality and insomnia. Results ISI, DS-14, FIRST, SHI, and GSES scores were significantly higher in individuals with Type D personality. Female sex, SR, Type D personality traits, SE, and SH explained 45% of the variance in insomnia severity. When age, sex, insomnia response to stress, and Type D personality traits were controlled, SE and SH significantly explained 25% of the variance in insomnia severity (R 2 = 0.45, R 2 change = 0.25, F (6.474) = 65.58, p < 0.001). SR, SE, and SH each played a partial mediating role between Type D personality and insomnia. Conclusion The findings showed that individuals with Type D personality had high SR and that individuals with a higher number of these personality traits exhibited more severe insomnia symptoms through high SR, greater SE, and worse SH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Faruk Uygur
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Türkiye
- *Correspondence: Omer Faruk Uygur,
| | - Oli Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Hilal Uygur
- Department of Psychiatry, Erzurum Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Aynur Bahar
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Gaziantep University Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Onur Hursitoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Sular Academy Hospital, Kahramanmaras, Türkiye
| | - Seockhoon Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher L. Drake
- Henry Ford Hospital Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State College of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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Shafik Ibrahim Mohamed H, Hamad Alhulaibi A, Awadh Alawadh R, Jamaan Alanzi A. Perceived Stress and Internalized Stigma among Patients with Mental Disorders in Al Ahsa Governorate – Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICA NURSING SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijans.2022.100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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18
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McIntosh EC, Beam C, Spahr CM, Slavich GM, Thames AD. Prefrontal Cortex Volume Mediates the Relationship Between Lifetime Chronic Stressor Exposure and Cognition in People Living With and Without HIV. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:904-913. [PMID: 35980777 PMCID: PMC9553266 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite considerable research documenting how stress affects brain and neurobehavioral outcomes, few studies have assessed stressor exposure occurring over the entire life span, and no studies have investigated these associations in people living with HIV (PLWH), despite the high stress and disease burden experienced by this population. To address this issue, we examined how cumulative lifetime chronic stressor exposure related to cognition and brain integrity (i.e., gray matter volume) in White and African American PLWH and HIV-uninfected (HIV-) adults. METHOD Participants were 91 community-dwelling adults (47.3% PLWH) who completed a comprehensive interview assessing lifetime stressor exposure using the Stress and Adversity Inventory and underwent neuropsychological testing and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Regional brain volumes were derived from T1-weighted images processed through Freesurfer. RESULTS As hypothesized, greater lifetime chronic stressor exposure was related to worse global cognition ( b = -0.06, standard error [SE] = 0.03, p = .032), processing speed ( b = -0.04, SE = 0.14, p = .041), and executive functioning ( b = -0.06, SE = 0.02, p = .02), and smaller prefrontal cortex (PFC) volume ( b = -16.20, SE = 5.78, p = .007). HIV status did not moderate any of these associations. Moreover, results from mediation analyses demonstrated that the relationship between lifetime chronic stressor exposure and processing speed was fully mediated by PFC volume. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the critical role of the PFC in the maintenance of processing speed abilities and its vulnerability to cumulative stressor exposure. Specifically, the negative impact of lifetime chronic stressor exposure on cognition-particularly functions reliant on frontal lobe integrity-may be partly driven by smaller volumes in the PFC.
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Senft Miller A, Nop O, Slavich GM, Dumas JA. Lifetime stress exposure, cognition, and psychiatric wellbeing in women. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:1765-1770. [PMID: 34355591 PMCID: PMC8818064 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1958144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives:Although life stress has been associated with worse cognitive and psychiatric functioning, few studies on this topic have examined these associations in older adults and no studies to date have assessed lifetime stress exposure in this context.Method:To address this important issue, we investigated associations between lifetime stress exposure, cognition, and psychiatric wellbeing in 44 women aged 60 and older who completed a comprehensive lifetime stress exposure inventory, two memory tasks, and a complete psychiatric assessment.Results:As hypothesized, greater acute and chronic lifetime stress exposure were both related to poorer psychiatric functioning and more somatic health complaints. Greater lifetime stress exposure was also associated with poorer subjective cognition as indicated by memory and thought problems but not objective indices of memory function.Conclusion:Screening for high life stress exposure may therefore help identify older women at increased risk of experiencing negative psychiatric and cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Senft Miller
- Clinical neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt, USA
| | - Olivia Nop
- Clinical neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt, USA
| | - George M. Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julie A. Dumas
- Clinical neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt, USA
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20
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Gámiz M, Fernández-Capo M, Buechner VL, Martos C, Worthington EL, Recoder S. The role of making a decision to forgive in the process of forgiveness: A longitudinal study. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Cumulative lifetime stressor exposure assessed by the STRAIN predicts economic ambiguity aversion. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1686. [PMID: 35354811 PMCID: PMC8967930 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncertainty is inherent in most decisions humans make. Economists distinguish between two types of decision-making under non-certain conditions: those involving risk (i.e., known outcome probabilities) and those that involve ambiguity (i.e., unknown outcome probabilities). Prior research has identified individual differences that explain risk preferences, but little is known about factors associated with ambiguity aversion. Here, we hypothesized that cumulative exposure to major psychosocial stressors over the lifespan might be one factor that predicts individuals’ ambiguity aversion. Across two studies (Study 1: n = 58, Mage = 25.7; Study 2: n = 188, Mage = 39.81), we used a comprehensive lifetime stressor exposure inventory (i.e., the Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults, or STRAIN) and a standard economic approach to quantify risk and ambiguity preferences. Greater lifetime stressor exposure as measured by the STRAIN, particularly in early life, was associated with higher aversion to ambiguity but not risk preferences. Uncertainty is a factor in most decisions. Here the authors quantify tolerance for two forms of economic uncertainty—risk and ambiguity—and show that greater lifetime stressor exposure (as assessed by a comprehensive lifetime stressor exposure inventory) was associated with higher aversion to decisions involving ambiguity, but not risk.
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22
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Sharma M, Kanekar A, Batra K, Hayes T, Lakhan R. Introspective Meditation before Seeking Pleasurable Activities as a Stress Reduction Tool among College Students: A Multi-Theory Model-Based Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10040614. [PMID: 35455792 PMCID: PMC9028719 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10040614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the realm of behavioral interventions, a combined approach of yoga and a cognitive-behavioral strategy in the form of introspective meditation (manan-dhyana) may offer benefits as a stress management tool. This pilot study focuses on introspective meditation performed before seeking pleasurable activities, which is a self-reflection about whether to pursue a goal that will bring sensory pleasure in life. A non-probability sample of college students was recruited from a mid-sized Southern University of the United States using a 52-items web-based survey built in Qualtrics. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistics were used to analyze data. Of total 65 students, only 21.5% students reported being engaged in the introspective meditation. The sample constituted predominantly females (75.4%), White (64.6%), and undergraduate students (87.7%). The proportions of anxiety, depression, and moderate/high stress were 50.8%, 40.0%, 86.1% respectively. In the hierarchical regression for initiation, the final model explained nearly 21.1% of variance in initiating introspective meditation among participants (n = 51) who had not been practicing it. With each unit increment in subscales of initiation (i.e., changes in physical environment), the conditional mean for initiating introspective meditation behavior increased by 0.373 units. In the hierarchical regression for sustenance, the final model explained nearly 50.5% of variance in sustaining introspective meditation behavior among participants (n = 51) who had not been practicing it. With each unit increment in subscales of sustenance (i.e., emotional transformation), the conditional mean for sustaining introspective meditation behavior increased by 0.330 units. This study can pave a way for designing interventions for college students to promote introspective meditation directed toward seeking pleasurable activities before engaging in them. This has implications for the reduction of stress as well as a preemptive measure for sexual risk-taking, indulgence in maladaptive behaviors such as smoking, vaping, alcohol, and substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Sharma
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA;
| | - Amar Kanekar
- School of Counseling, Human Performance and Rehabilitation, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA;
| | - Kavita Batra
- Trauma and Critical Care, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Traci Hayes
- College of Nursing, School of Health Professions, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA;
| | - Ram Lakhan
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Berea College, Berea, KY 40404, USA;
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Rao X, Wang W, Luo S, Qiu J, Li H. Brain structures associated with individual differences in decisional and emotional forgiveness. Neuropsychologia 2022; 170:108223. [PMID: 35339505 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In responding to interpersonal conflicts, forgiveness goes a long way. Past brain imaging studies have examined the activation patterns of forgiving responses. However, the individual differences in brain structures associated with decisional forgiveness and emotional forgiveness are not well understood. In this voxel-based morphometry study, participants (85 men, 210 women) completed the Decisional Forgiveness Scale (DFS) and the Emotional Forgiveness Scale (EFS) and underwent an anatomical magnetic resonance imaging scan. Higher DFS scores were associated with larger GM volumes in a cluster that included regions in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Higher EFS scores were associated with larger GM volumes in a cluster that included regions in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the superior frontal gyrus (SFG), which were also associated with smaller GM volumes in a cluster that included regions in the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL). The associations between the identified regions and DFS scores and EFS scores were supported by the cross-validation test. In addition, the GMV of OFC, mPFC and SFG partially mediated the relationship between DFS and EFS. These results provide direct neuroanatomical evidence for an association between decisional and emotional forgiveness and brain regions which are critical for cognitive control, theory of mind and moral judgment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Rao
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Shuili Luo
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University, China.
| | - Haijiang Li
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; The Research Base of Online Education for Shanghai Middle and Primary Schools, Shanghai, 200234, China.
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Mukta MSH, Islam S, Shatabda S, Ali ME, Zaman A. Predicting Academic Performance: Analysis of Students' Mental Health Condition from Social Media Interactions. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:87. [PMID: 35447659 PMCID: PMC9027872 DOI: 10.3390/bs12040087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Social media have become an indispensable part of peoples' daily lives. Research suggests that interactions on social media partly exhibit individuals' personality, sentiment, and behavior. In this study, we examine the association between students' mental health and psychological attributes derived from social media interactions and academic performance. We build a classification model where students' psychological attributes and mental health issues will be predicted from their social media interactions. Then, students' academic performance will be identified from their predicted psychological attributes and mental health issues in the previous level. Firstly, we select samples by using judgmental sampling technique and collect the textual content from students' Facebook news feeds. Then, we derive feature vectors using MPNet (Masked and Permuted Pre-training for Language Understanding), which is one of the latest pre-trained sentence transformer models. Secondly, we find two different levels of correlations: (i) users' social media usage and their psychological attributes and mental health status and (ii) users' psychological attributes and mental health status and their academic performance. Thirdly, we build a two-level hybrid model to predict academic performance (i.e., Grade Point Average (GPA)) from students' Facebook posts: (1) from Facebook posts to mental health and psychological attributes using a regression model (SM-MP model) and (2) from psychological and mental attributes to the academic performance using a classifier model (MP-AP model). Later, we conduct an evaluation study by using real-life samples to validate the performance of the model and compare the performance with Baseline Models (i.e., Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) and Empath). Our model shows a strong performance with a microaverage f-score of 0.94 and an AUC-ROC score of 0.95. Finally, we build an ensemble model by combining both the psychological attributes and the mental health models and find that our combined model outperforms the independent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Saddam Hossain Mukta
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, United International University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.M.); (S.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Salekul Islam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, United International University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.M.); (S.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Swakkhar Shatabda
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, United International University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.M.); (S.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Mohammed Eunus Ali
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
| | - Akib Zaman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, United International University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.M.); (S.S.); (A.Z.)
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25
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Staffini A, Fujita K, Svensson AK, Chung UI, Svensson T. Statistical Methods for Item Reduction in a Representative Lifestyle Questionnaire: Pilot Questionnaire Study. Interact J Med Res 2022; 11:e28692. [PMID: 35302507 PMCID: PMC8976253 DOI: 10.2196/28692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reducing the number of items in a questionnaire while maintaining relevant information is important as it is associated with advantages such as higher respondent engagement and reduced response error. However, in health care, after the original design, an a posteriori check of the included items in a questionnaire is often overlooked or considered to be of minor importance. When conducted, this is often based on a single selected method. We argue that before finalizing any lifestyle questionnaire, a posteriori validation should always be conducted using multiple approaches to ensure the robustness of the results. Objective The objectives of this study are to compare the results of two statistical methods for item reduction (variance inflation factor [VIF] and factor analysis [FA]) in a lifestyle questionnaire constructed by combining items from different sources and analyze the different results obtained from the 2 methods and the conclusions that can be made about the original items. Methods Data were collected from 79 participants (heterogeneous in age and sex) with a high risk of metabolic syndrome working in a financial company based in Tokyo. The lifestyle questionnaire was constructed by combining items (asked with daily, weekly, and monthly frequency) from multiple validated questionnaires and other selected questions. Item reduction was conducted using VIF and exploratory FA. Adequacy tests were used to check the data distribution and sampling adequacy. Results Among the daily and weekly questions, both VIF and FA identified redundancies in sleep-related items. Among the monthly questions, both approaches identified redundancies in stress-related items. However, the number of items suggested for reduction often differed: VIF suggested larger reductions than FA for daily questions but fewer reductions for weekly questions. Adequacy tests always confirmed that the structural detection was adequate for the considered items. Conclusions As expected, our analyses showed that VIF and FA produced both similar and different findings, suggesting that questionnaire designers should consider using multiple methods for item reduction. Our findings using both methods indicate that many questions, especially those related to sleep, are redundant, indicating that the considered lifestyle questionnaire can be shortened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Staffini
- Precision Health, Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Economics and Finance, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Data Solutions Division, Project Promotion Department, Albert Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kento Fujita
- Data Service Infrastructure Development Department, Service Infrastructure Division, IT-OT Innovation Division, Mobile Technology Unit, SoftBank Corp, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Kishi Svensson
- Precision Health, Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ung-Il Chung
- Precision Health, Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Health Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kawasaki, Japan.,Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Svensson
- Precision Health, Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,School of Health Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kawasaki, Japan
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Gillespie SL, Christian LM, Mackos AR, Nolan TS, Gondwe KW, Anderson CM, Hall MW, Williams KP, Slavich GM. Lifetime stressor exposure, systemic inflammation during pregnancy, and preterm birth among Black American women. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 101:266-274. [PMID: 35031400 PMCID: PMC8885874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Black American mothers and infants are at higher risk for morbidity and mortality than their White counterparts, the biological mechanisms underlying these phenomena remain largely unknown. To investigate the role that lifetime stressor exposure, perceived stressor severity, and systemic inflammatory markers might play, we studied how these factors were interrelated in 92 pregnant Black American women. We also compared inflammatory marker levels for women who did versus did not go on to give birth preterm. During the early third trimester, women completed the Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults to assess the stressors they experienced over their lifetime. Women also provided blood samples for plasma interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α quantification. Preterm births were identified by medical record review. Controlling for relevant covariates, there were significant positive associations between average levels of both overall and acute perceived stressor severity and plasma IL-1β levels. Controlling for perceived stress at assessment and exposure to racial discrimination did not affect these results. Mediation models revealed that exposure to more chronic stressors was related to higher plasma IL-1β levels, as mediated by higher average levels of overall perceived stressor severity. Exposure to fewer acute stressors was related to higher plasma IL-1β levels, as mediated by higher average levels of acute perceived stressor severity. Finally, women who went on to give birth preterm had higher levels of plasma IL-6. These data thus highlight the potential importance of assessing and addressing lifetime stressor exposure among mothers before and during maternal-infant care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L. Gillespie
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Please address correspondence to Shannon L. Gillespie, 358 Newton Hall, 1585 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA; 1-614-292-4589 Office;
| | - Lisa M. Christian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amy R. Mackos
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timiya S. Nolan
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kaboni W. Gondwe
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Nursing Research & Evidence-based Practice, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Mark W. Hall
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - George M. Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Schuttenberg EM, Sneider JT, Rosmarin DH, Cohen-Gilbert JE, Oot EN, Seraikas AM, Stein ER, Maksimovskiy AL, Harris SK, Silveri MM. Forgiveness Mediates the Relationship Between Middle Frontal Gyrus Volume and Clinical Symptoms in Adolescents. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:782893. [PMID: 35295882 PMCID: PMC8918469 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.782893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispositional forgiveness is positively associated with many facets of wellbeing and has protective implications against depression and anxiety in adolescents. However, little work has been done to examine neurobiological aspects of forgiveness as they relate to clinical symptoms. In order to better understand the neural mechanisms supporting the protective role of forgiveness in adolescents, the current study examined the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), which comprises the majority of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and is associated with cognitive regulation, and its relationship to forgiveness and clinical symptoms in a sample of healthy adolescents. In this cross-sectional study (n = 64), larger MFG volume was significantly associated with higher self-reported dispositional forgiveness scores and lower levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Forgiveness mediated the relationship between MFG volume and both depressive and anxiety symptom levels. The mediating role of forgiveness in the relationship between MFG volume and clinical symptoms suggests that one way that cognitive regulation strategies supported by this brain region may improve adolescent mental health is via increasing a capacity for forgiveness. The present study highlights the relevance of forgiveness to neurobiology and their relevance to emotional health in adolescents. Future longitudinal studies should focus on the predictive quality of the relationship between forgiveness, brain volume and clinical symptoms and the effects of forgiveness interventions on these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M. Schuttenberg
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer T. Sneider
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David H. Rosmarin
- Department of Psychiatry and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
- Spirituality and Mental Health Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Julia E. Cohen-Gilbert
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emily N. Oot
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anna M. Seraikas
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Elena R. Stein
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Arkadiy L. Maksimovskiy
- Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Sion K. Harris
- Center for Adolescent Behavioral Health Research, Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marisa M. Silveri
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
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The Link between Fibromyalgia Syndrome and Anger: A Systematic Review Revealing Research Gaps. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030844. [PMID: 35160295 PMCID: PMC8836473 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anger has been associated with increased pain perception, but its specific connection with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) has not yet been established in an integrated approach. Therefore, the present systematic review focuses on exploring this connection, and based on this connection, delimiting possible gaps in the research, altogether aimed at improving FMS clinical intervention and guiding future research lines. Anger is considered a basic negative emotion that can be divided into two dimensions: anger-in (the tendency to repress anger when it is experienced) and anger-out (the leaning to express anger through verbal or physical means). The current systematic review was performed based on the guidelines of the PRISMA and Cochrane Collaborations. The Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) international database was forehand used to register the review protocol. The quality of chosen articles was assessed and the main limitations and research gaps resulting from each scientific article were discussed. The search included PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The literature search identified 13 studies eligible for the systematic review. Levels of anger-in have been shown to be higher in FMS patients compared to healthy participants, as well as patients suffering from other pain conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis). FMS patients had also showed higher levels of state and trait anxiety, worry and angry rumination than other chronic pain patients. Anger seems to amplify pain especially in women regardless FMS condition but with a particularly greater health-related quality of life´s impact in FMS patients. In spite of the relevance of emotions in the treatment of chronic pain, including FMS, only two studies have proposed intervention programs focus on anger treatment. These two studies have observed a positive reduction in anger levels through mindfulness and a strength training program. In conclusion, anger might be a meaningful therapeutic target in the attenuation of pain sensitivity, and the improvement of the general treatment effects and health-related quality of life in FMS patients. More intervention programs directed to reduce anger and contribute to improve well-being in FMS patients are needed.
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Su YY, D'Arcy C, Li M, O'Donnell KJ, Caron J, Meaney MJ, Meng X. Specific and cumulative lifetime stressors in the aetiology of major depression: A longitudinal community-based population study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2022; 31:e3. [PMID: 35078547 PMCID: PMC8851045 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796021000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Early-life stressful circumstances (i.e. childhood maltreatment) coupled with stressful events later in life increase the likelihood of subsequent depression. However, very few studies have been conducted to examine the specific and cumulative effects of these stressors in the development of depression. There is also a paucity of research that simultaneously considers the role of biological factors combined with psychosocial stressors in the aetiology of depression. Guided by the biopsychosocial model proposed by Engel, the present study aims to examine to what extent the experience of stressors across the lifespan is associated with depression while taking into account the role of genetic predispositions. METHODS Data analysed were from the Social and Psychiatric Epidemiology Catchment Area of the Southwest of Montreal (ZEPSOM), a large-scale, longitudinal community-based cohort study. A total of 1351 participants with complete information on the lifetime diagnoses of depression over a 10-year follow-up period were included in the study. Stressful events across the lifespan were operationalised as specific, cumulative and latent profiles of stressful experiences. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to explore the clustering of studied stressors including childhood maltreatment, poor parent-child relationship, and stressful life events. A polygenetic risk score was calculated for each participant to provide information on genetic liability. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between specific, cumulative and latent profiles of stressors and subsequent depression. RESULTS We found that different subtypes of childhood maltreatment, child-parent bonding and stressful life events predicted subsequent depression. Furthermore, a significant association between combined effects of cumulative stressful experiences and depression was found [odds ratio (OR) = 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-1.28]. Three latent profiles of lifetime stressors were identified in the present study and named as 'low-level of stress' (75.1%), 'moderate-level of stress' (6.8%) and 'high-level of stress' (18.1%). Individuals with a 'high-level of stress' had a substantially higher risk of depression (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.08-3.00) than the other two profiles after adjusting for genetic predispositions, socio-demographic characteristics, and health-related factors. CONCLUSIONS While controlling for genetic predispositions, the present study provides robust evidence to support the independent and cumulative as well as compositional effects of early- and later-on lifetime psychosocial stressors in the subsequent development of depression. Consequently, mental illness prevention and mental health promotion should target the occurrence of stressful events as well as build resilience in people so they can better cope with stress when it inevitably occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Y. Su
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - C. D'Arcy
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - M. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - K. J. O'Donnell
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Yale Child Study Center & Department of Obstetrics Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Child & Brain Development Program, CIFAR, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J. Caron
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M. J. Meaney
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - X. Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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30
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An C, Liu J, Liu Q, Liu Y, Fan X, Hu Y. How Perceived Sensory Dimensions of Forest Park Are Associated with Stress Restoration in Beijing? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020883. [PMID: 35055704 PMCID: PMC8775768 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of studies suggest that the perceived sensory dimensions (PSDs) of green space are associated with stress restoration offered by restorative environment. However, there is little known about PSDs and stress restoration as well as their relationship to forest park. To fill this gap, an on-site questionnaire survey was conducted in three forest parks in Beijing, as a result of which a total number of 432 completed responses were collected and analyzed. The mean values of PSDs were used to represent PSDs of forest park. Using independent sample t-test and ANOVA, this study analyzed the individual characteristics that affected PSDs and stress restoration. Linear mixed model was used to identify the relationship between PSDs and stress restoration of forest park, which took into account the interactions of stress level and PSDs. The results showed that: (1) the perceived degree of PSDs in forest park from strong to weak was Serene, Space, Nature, Rich in species, Prospect, Refuge, Social and Culture, which varied with visitors’ gender, age, level of stress, visit frequency, activity intensity, visit duration and commuting time; (2) in PSDs, Refuge, Serene, Social and Prospect had significantly positive effects on the stress restoration of forest parks (3) there was no significant difference in the effect of the eight PSDs on the stress restoration between different stress groups; (4) stress restoration was influenced by visitors’ gender, age, visit frequency and visit duration. These findings can offer references for managers to improve the health benefits of forest park for visitors, and can enrich the knowledge about PSDs and stress restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congying An
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (C.A.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jinglan Liu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (C.A.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (Y.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6233-6716
| | - Qiaohui Liu
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Yuqi Liu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (C.A.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (C.A.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yishen Hu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (C.A.); (Y.L.); (X.F.); (Y.H.)
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31
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Misra P, Mandal S, Kant S, Sangral M, Kardam P. Effect of structured supervised yoga on stress, anxiety, and depression during a pandemic situation among the population of an urban resettlement colony of Delhi: A quasi-experimental study. YOGA MIMAMSA 2022; 54:78. [DOI: 10.4103/ym.ym_107_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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32
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Quintana-Orts C, Rey L, Neto F. Beyond Cyberbullying: Investigating When and How Cybervictimization Predicts Suicidal Ideation. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:935-957. [PMID: 32345110 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520913640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cybervictimization is a public health concern in adolescence. Victims of cyberbullying may present with important short- and long-term sequelae. Specifically, past research has demonstrated positive associations between being cybervictimized and risk of suicide among adolescents. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms that may mediate or moderate this relationship remain unclear. The present research examined perceived stress as a mediator and forgiveness as a moderator to explore the relationship between cybervictimization and suicidal ideation. Specifically, vengeance, avoidance, and benevolence motivations, as a means of measuring forgiveness experienced, were analyzed as moderators in the relations between cybervictimization and suicidal ideation. The sample included 1,821 adolescents (954 girls) who ranged in age from 12 to 17 years from nine centers. Adolescents' self-reported perceived stress levels, cybervictimization, and forgiveness were collected. A mediation and a moderated mediation analyses were used to explore the aim of the present study. Results suggest that, after controlling for sex and age, perceived stress partially mediates the association between cybervictimization and suicidal ideation. Furthermore, the mediation effects of perceived stress were independently moderated by vengeance and avoidance. Thus, revenge and avoidance might intensify the adverse impact of perceived stress on suicidal ideation. These results highlight how and when cybervictimization is related to suicidal ideation. We discuss the results in relation to previous research and consider their practical implications. These findings suggest that adolescents' perceived stress, together with vengeance and avoidance motivations, may be key targets for prevention and intervention programs dealing with cybervictimization. This highlights the need to implement treatment and prevention programs focused on decreasing such motivations.
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Shahrajabian MH. Powerful Stress Relieving Medicinal Plants for Anger, Anxiety, Depression, and Stress During Global Pandemic. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2022; 16:284-310. [PMID: 35319401 DOI: 10.2174/1872208316666220321102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Consideration and improvement for anxiety and depression are important during a global pandemic. Appropriate healthcare can be obtained by paying more attention to traditional medicinal sciences. The adverse effects of stress with various symptoms can be managed by introducing plants that boost mental health. The most relevant psychological reactions in the general population related to the global pandemic are pervasive anxiety, frustration and boredom, specific and uncontrolled fear, disabling loneliness, significant lifestyle changes, and psychiatric conditions. Ginseng, chamomile, passionflower, herbal tea, lavender, saffron, kava, rose, cardamom, Chinese date, and some chief formula like yokukansan, Dan-zhi-xiao-yao-san, so-ochim-tang-gamiband, and saikokaryukotsuboreito are notable herbal treatments for mental health problems. The most common medicinal plants that have been used in Iran for the cure of stress and anxiety are Viper's-buglosses, Dracocephalum, valerian, chamomile, common hop, hawthorns, and lavender. Medicinal plants and herbs can be used for the treatment and alleviation of the negative effects of stress, anger, and depression during the global pandemic.
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Charalambous EG, Mériaux SB, Guebels P, Muller CP, Leenen FAD, Elwenspoek MMC, Thiele I, Hertel J, Turner JD. Early-Life Adversity Leaves Its Imprint on the Oral Microbiome for More Than 20 Years and Is Associated with Long-Term Immune Changes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312682. [PMID: 34884490 PMCID: PMC8657988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The early-life microbiome (ELM) interacts with the psychosocial environment, in particular during early-life adversity (ELA), defining life-long health trajectories. The ELM also plays a significant role in the maturation of the immune system. We hypothesised that, in this context, the resilience of the oral microbiomes, despite being composed of diverse and distinct communities, allows them to retain an imprint of the early environment. Using 16S amplicon sequencing on the EpiPath cohort, we demonstrate that ELA leaves an imprint on both the salivary and buccal oral microbiome 24 years after exposure to adversity. Furthermore, the changes in both communities were associated with increased activation, maturation, and senescence of both innate and adaptive immune cells, although the interaction was partly dependent on prior herpesviridae exposure and current smoking. Our data suggest the presence of multiple links between ELA, Immunosenescence, and cytotoxicity that occur through long-term changes in the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria G. Charalambous
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.G.C.); (S.B.M.); (P.G.); (C.P.M.); (F.A.D.L.); (M.M.C.E.)
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 2 Avenue de Université, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sophie B. Mériaux
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.G.C.); (S.B.M.); (P.G.); (C.P.M.); (F.A.D.L.); (M.M.C.E.)
| | - Pauline Guebels
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.G.C.); (S.B.M.); (P.G.); (C.P.M.); (F.A.D.L.); (M.M.C.E.)
| | - Claude P. Muller
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.G.C.); (S.B.M.); (P.G.); (C.P.M.); (F.A.D.L.); (M.M.C.E.)
| | - Fleur A. D. Leenen
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.G.C.); (S.B.M.); (P.G.); (C.P.M.); (F.A.D.L.); (M.M.C.E.)
| | - Martha M. C. Elwenspoek
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.G.C.); (S.B.M.); (P.G.); (C.P.M.); (F.A.D.L.); (M.M.C.E.)
| | - Ines Thiele
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (I.T.); (J.H.)
- Ryan Institute, National University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Division of Microbiology, National University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, T12 HW58 Cork, Ireland
| | - Johannes Hertel
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (I.T.); (J.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jonathan D. Turner
- Immune Endocrine and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29 Rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.G.C.); (S.B.M.); (P.G.); (C.P.M.); (F.A.D.L.); (M.M.C.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +352-26970-629
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Vinstrup J, Jay K, Jakobsen MD, Andersen LL. Single-item measures of stress during work- and private time in healthcare workers. Work 2021; 70:583-589. [PMID: 34657866 DOI: 10.3233/wor-213594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the psychosocial work environment within the hospital sector is a topic of great debate, surveys assessing stress often do not differentiate between stress related to work- and private life. Identifying risk factors associated with these domains of daily life would help improve policies as well as target relevant treatment options. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate associations between stress during to work- and private time with Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS). METHODS Perceived stress was assessed by the full version of CPSS (scores 0-40) as well as by two single-item questions related to stress related to work- and private life, respectively. Associations between these single-items and CPSS were modelled using general linear models controlling for lifestyle factors. RESULTS Overall, stress due to both work- and private time was strongly associated with CPSS scores. In the full population (n = 3,600), "never experiencing stress" during both work- and private time was associated with low stress scores (6.0, 95%CI 5.1-6.9). "Never experiencing" work-related stress but experiencing private time stress "very often" was associated with high stress scores (22.4, CI 19.8-25.1). Likewise, experiencing work-related stress "very often" but "never experiencing" private time stress was also associated with high stress scores (22.2, CI 20.3-24.2). Lastly, Spearman's r between the full CPSS and the two single-item questions about work- and private time stress were 0.62 (p < 0.0001) and 0.52 (p < 0.0001), respectively, while the two items were only weakly correlated (r = 0.32). CONCLUSION The present study shows that perceived stress due to both work and private time is strongly associated with Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale scores. The results illustrate the feasibility of using single-item questions related to work- and private time in identifying domain-specific risk factors for psychosocial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Vinstrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Jay
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Carrick Institute for Graduate studies, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Cape Canaveral, FL, USA
| | | | - Lars L Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Getzmann S, Digutsch J, Kleinsorge T. COVID-19 Pandemic and Personality: Agreeable People Are More Stressed by the Feeling of Missing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010759. [PMID: 34682500 PMCID: PMC8535900 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken to contain it have substantial consequences for many people, resulting in negative effects on individual well-being and mental health. In the current study, we examined whether individual changes in perceived stress relative to pre-pandemic levels depended on differences in behavior, appraisal, and experience of pandemic-related constraints. In addition, we tested whether this potential relationship was moderated by personality traits. We conducted an online survey during the end of the first lockdown in Germany in spring 2020, and assessed pandemic-related individual consequences as well as perceived stress. These data were related to the big five personality traits and to ratings of perceived stress obtained from the same participants in a study conducted before the outbreak of the pandemic, using the same standardized stress questionnaires. There was no overall increase, but a large interindividual variety in perceived stress relative to pre-pandemic levels. Increased stress was associated especially with strong feelings of missing. This relationship was moderated by agreeableness, with more agreeable people showing a higher association of the feeling of missing and the increase of perceived stress. In addition, openness and conscientiousness were positively correlated with an increase in stress. The results highlight the importance of considering personality and individual appraisals when examining the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on perceived stress and well-being.
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Domagalska J, Rusin M, Razzaghi M, Nowak P. Personality Type D, Level of Perceived Stress, Insomnia, and Depression Among High School Teachers in Poland. Front Psychol 2021; 12:626945. [PMID: 34621203 PMCID: PMC8490815 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.626945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Teaching is inherently connected with specific burdens that may imply stressful situations. The goal of this study was to explore the prevalence of type D (distressed) personality in teachers. This is known to cause depressive episodes and sleep disorders, which not only have direct physical health effects, but can also impact the wellbeing of individuals and hence adversely affect their job performance. The participants consisted of 412 high school teachers from the Silesian Province, located in the south of Poland. Using the following research tools: Type D Scale (DS14), Perceived Stress Scale, Athens Insomnia Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory, it was found that type D personality was observed in a large percentage of teachers (30.1%). It was reported that teachers with distressed personality suffered from insomnia and depression significantly more often. Findings from the current study indicate the need to implement preventive activities focused on reducing psychosocial risk factors in the work environment in order to reduce the frequency of depressive disorders among teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Domagalska
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Rusin
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mehdi Razzaghi
- Department of Mathematics, Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg, PA, United States
| | - Przemysław Nowak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
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Sofianopoulou K, Bacopoulou F, Vlachakis D, Kokka I, Alexopoulos E, Varvogli L, Chrousos GP, Darviri C. Stress Management in Elementary School Students: a Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26. [PMID: 34621631 PMCID: PMC8494420 DOI: 10.14806/ej.26.1.976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that stress experiences begin in early stages of life. Stress management techniques have appeared to be beneficial for the development or enhancement of stress coping skills. The aim of this pilot randomised controlled trial was to assess the effect of a 12-week intervention, comprising training in diaphragmatic breathing and progressive muscular relaxation, on elementary school students’ stress levels. Outcomes on the quality of life and behavioural aspects of the students were also assessed. Standardised questionnaires were administered at baseline and after the 12-week intervention program. Fifty-two children aged 10 to 11 years were randomly assigned to intervention (n=24) and control groups (n=28). Children of the intervention group demonstrated lower levels of stress (in all three subscales of lack of well-being, distress, and lack of social support) and improved aspects of quality of life (physical, emotional, and school functioning). No significant differences were observed regarding the examined behavioural dimensions, in the intervention group. Larger randomised controlled trials with follow-up evaluations are needed to ascertain the positive outcomes of such programs on elementary school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Sofianopoulou
- Postgraduate Course of Science of Stress and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vlachakis
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Lab of Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioulia Kokka
- Postgraduate Course of Science of Stress and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evaggelos Alexopoulos
- Postgraduate Course of Science of Stress and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Liza Varvogli
- Postgraduate Course of Science of Stress and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Darviri
- Postgraduate Course of Science of Stress and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
Objective To determine if low resting basal AM cortisol and flat diurnal cortisol slope that has been reported in female abuse victims, which is dysregulated in the same way in female violent perpetrators, could be corrected and if healthier diurnal cortisol patterns are associated with less aggression in adult female victims. Design and Methods A non-experimental, naturalistic study evaluated if bio-behavioral rehabilitation could occur for females living in a Delaware homeless mission and participating in their programs. Basal salivary cortisol (AM, PM & slope), aggression, neurological conditions, general health, alcohol use, having been a victim of abuse, religion, spirituality and forgiveness were evaluated over one month between 2018 and 2019. Results T tests revealed significant improvement in mean cortisol (AM, PM & slope), aggression, emotional/ behavioral dyscontrol, and health over one month while participating in the mission’s programs. Paired t-tests however were only significant for aggression and health. Healthier cortisol was significantly correlated with greater time since last alcohol, greater time since last abuse, less aggression, better health and greater religion, spirituality and forgiveness. Conclusion Community programs could be cost effective methods of post-traumatic bio-behavioral rehabilitation. Forgiveness may play a critical role for abuse victims. A larger sample and more settings are needed, although these findings are promising.
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Post-Traumatic Bio-Behavioral Rehabilitation of Adult Female Victims. Dela J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.32481/djph.2021.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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41
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Decisional forgiveness across spanish and american samples: Translation, validation, and measurement invariance of the decision to forgive scale. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00368-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Zejnelagic J, Ohlsson B. Chronic stress and poor sleeping habits are associated with self-reported IBS and poor psychological well-being in the general population. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:280. [PMID: 34294119 PMCID: PMC8296624 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05688-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present population-based study aimed to examine the association of chronic stress and sleeping difficulties with self-reported irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms past 2 weeks, and psychological well-being. Results The Malmö Offspring Study included subjects from the general population to complete a questionnaire regarding sociodemographic factors, lifestyle factors, and medical health. Experience of chronic stress during the past or past 5 years was reported. Sleeping patterns included sleeping quality, sleeping hours per day, sleeping onset difficulties, and wake-up frequency. The severity of GI symptoms was measured with the visual analog scale for IBS. Associations of stress and sleeping habits with IBS and GI symptoms were calculated by logistic regression and generalized linear model, adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. After exclusion of organic GI disorders or missing values, 2648 participants remained. Participants with self-reported IBS (n = 316) and GI symptoms (n = 459) were often women and smokers. After full adjustment, chronic stress past year was associated with GI symptoms (OR: 1.347; 95% CI 1.030–1.762), whereas stress past 5 years (OR: 1.415; 95% CI 1.058–1.892) and sleeping onset difficulties ≥ 3 times weekly (OR: 2.153: 95% CI 1.228–3.774) were associated with IBS. Stress, poor sleeping quality, sleeping onset difficulties, and IBS/GI symptoms were all associated with poor psychological well-being (p < 0.001). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-021-05688-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Zejnelagic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenström Street 15, Floor 5, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenström Street 15, Floor 5, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
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Rocha A, Almeida F. Mental health innovative solutions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/jstpm-11-2020-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to explore worldwide innovative solutions that have been proposed to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on people’s mental health.
Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative methodology is adopted, which performs an exploratory study considering the innovative projects identified by the Observatory for Public Sector Innovation framework. Additionally, the analysis of the relevance and characteristics of these projects are explored considering a multidimensional framework composed of five dimensions: novelty level; social need; improvement of society; sector neutrality; and level of emergence.
Findings
The findings reveal that the number of projects in the field of mental health is low, despite their strong relevance to their communities. These projects arise from a strong social need to protect especially the most vulnerable groups in this pandemic and involve a large number of partners in the public sector, business and civil society. The role of volunteering in the revitalization and growth of these initiatives is also recognized.
Originality/value
This study is relevant in both the theoretical and practical dimensions. It allows the exploration of these projects considering the dimensions of social innovation and offers practical implications that allow these projects to be replicated in other countries and regions.
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Cooper JA, Nuutinen MR, Lawlor VM, DeVries BAM, Barrick EM, Hossein S, Cole DJ, Leonard CV, Hahn EC, Teer AP, Shields GS, Slavich GM, Ongur D, Jensen JE, Du F, Pizzagalli DA, Treadway MT. Reduced adaptation of glutamatergic stress response is associated with pessimistic expectations in depression. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3166. [PMID: 34039978 PMCID: PMC8155144 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is a significant risk factor for the development of major depressive disorder (MDD), yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Preclinically, adaptive and maladaptive stress-induced changes in glutamatergic function have been observed in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Here, we examine stress-induced changes in human mPFC glutamate using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in two healthy control samples and a third sample of unmedicated participants with MDD who completed the Maastricht acute stress task, and one sample of healthy control participants who completed a no-stress control manipulation. In healthy controls, we find that the magnitude of mPFC glutamate response to the acute stressor decreases as individual levels of perceived stress increase. This adaptative glutamate response is absent in individuals with MDD and is associated with pessimistic expectations during a 1-month follow-up period. Together, this work shows evidence for glutamatergic adaptation to stress that is significantly disrupted in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elyssa M Barrick
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Shabnam Hossein
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel J Cole
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Evan C Hahn
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew P Teer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Grant S Shields
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dost Ongur
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - J Eric Jensen
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Fei Du
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Michael T Treadway
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Taşçıoğlu G, Çakıcı E, Cirhinlioğlu FG. Somatization Level Among Psychosomatic Dermatology Patients: Relationship With Dyadic Adjustment, Gratitude, Forgiveness, and Perfectionism. ALPHA PSYCHIATRY 2021; 22:165-170. [PMID: 36425448 PMCID: PMC9590618 DOI: 10.5455/apd.113545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the somatization level and dyadic adjustment, gratitude, forgiveness, and perfectionism in patients with psychosomatic dermatologic complaints. METHODS In this correlational survey study, participants were recruited using the purposive sampling method from patients with psychosomatic dermatologic complaints, who were 18 or older, married, and living in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Data were collected from patients diagnosed as having a dermatological disease with probable psychological etiology by a dermatologist at the dermatology outpatient unit of Nicosia Dr. Burhan Nalbantoğlu Hospital during April-December 2018. The demographic information form, symptom checklist, dyadic adjustment scale, gratitude questionnaire, Heartland forgiveness scale, and almost perfect scale were administered to the participants. RESULTS In this study, female sex, low education level, being an immigrant, low dyadic adjustment, perfectionism with a high level of discrepancy, low forgiveness of self and situations, and low gratitude levels were found to be probable risk factors for somatization. CONCLUSION During the psychiatric treatment of patients with somatic complaints, marital problems, forgiveness, and perfectionism with a high level of discrepancy should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gönül Taşçıoğlu
- Department of Psychology, Near East University Faculty of Arts and Sciences,
Nicosia,
TRNC
| | - Ebru Çakıcı
- Department of Psychology, Near East University Faculty of Arts and Sciences,
Nicosia,
TRNC
| | - Fatma Gül Cirhinlioğlu
- Department of Psychology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Arts and Sciences,
Sivas,
Turkey
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46
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Testing Kumpfer’s Resilience Model Among Adults With Serious Mental Illness. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/00343552211006770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Having a serious mental illness (SMI) is often associated with significant adversities, and people respond differently to adversities. The existing research supports that people with SMI can achieve and maintain positive life outcomes despite experiencing adversities. Resilience, the ability to cope with (or bounce back quickly from) crisis, can help buffer the negative effects of various types of adversities, including chronic illness and disability, and facilitate the psychosocial adaptation process to SMI. Kumpfer’s resilience model, a person-process-context framework, has been widely used to conceptualize, and assess for, resilience in various populations, including people with chronic illnesses and disabilities. However, the research in resilience among people with SMI is very limited. The purpose of this study was to empirically assess the utility of Kumpfer’s resilience model and its proposed predictive components for conceptualizing the adaptation process to SMI. One hundred forty-four participants completed a Qualtrics survey containing demographic questions and a series of validated instruments representing the major components of Kumpfer’s resilience model. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to analyze the data, and the final model explained 71% of the variance of the dependent variable—adaptation to disability. Avoidance coping, internalized stigma, and optimism were significant independent predictors of adaptation to disability. This study supports the utilization of Kumpfer’s resilience model to conceptualize the adaptation to disability process among people with SMI. Implications for rehabilitation counseling practices are discussed.
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Garvin L, Slavich GM, Schrepf A, Davis LZ, Thaker PH, Goodheart MJ, Cole SW, Sood AK, Lutgendorf SK. Chronic difficulties are associated with poorer psychosocial functioning in the first year post-diagnosis in epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Psychooncology 2021; 30:954-961. [PMID: 33760306 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer is characterized by poor prognosis, high levels of distress, disturbed sleep, and compromised quality of life (QOL). Although life stressors have been shown to significantly impact physical and psychological health in cancer populations, no studies have used a high-resolution stress assessment to differentiate effects of acute versus chronic stressors among women with ovarian cancer. We addressed this issue in the present prospective longitudinal study by examining how acute and chronic stress exposure in the year pre-diagnosis relate to depressive symptoms, sleep quality, and QOL over the first year post-diagnosis in women with ovarian cancer. METHODS One hundred thirty-seven women completed the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule within a month of initial treatment for suspected ovarian cancer. Depressive symptoms, sleep, and QOL were measured pre-treatment, at six months, and one-year post-diagnosis. Mixed models were used to examine associations of acute and chronic stress pre-diagnosis with (a) change in psychosocial outcomes over the first year post-diagnosis and (b) levels of psychosocial outcomes across all time points. RESULTS Both the number and severity of chronic difficulties (but not acute life events) were related to significantly greater depression, and poorer sleep quality and QOL, across all time-points. In contrast, these stress indices were unrelated to changes in psychosocial functioning over time. CONCLUSIONS Chronic but not acute stress exposure predicted average levels of depression, sleep, and QOL in the first year post-diagnosis among women with ovarian cancer. Assessing stressors and designing interventions for reducing stress may thus be beneficial for ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Garvin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew Schrepf
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Lauren Z Davis
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Premal H Thaker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael J Goodheart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Steve W Cole
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Biology and Center for RNA Interference and Noncoding RNA, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan K Lutgendorf
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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48
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Upenieks L. Through Him and With Him? A Longitudinal Study of How God-Mediated Control Beliefs Shape the Relationship between Divine Forgiveness and Physical Health in Later Life. J Aging Health 2021; 33:504-517. [PMID: 33787383 DOI: 10.1177/0898264321996567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: While there has been a recent surge in research on forgiveness and health, much less is known about the relationship between divine forgiveness and health. Methods: Using longitudinal data from the 2001-2004 Religion, Aging, and Health Survey from the United States, the current study assesses how changes in beliefs in God-mediated control, a perceived collaborative relationship with a divine power, affect the association between divine forgiveness and physical health among Christian older adults. Results: Older adults with consistently high beliefs in God-mediated control over the study period received stronger health benefits of divine forgiveness. Forgiveness by God also had a stronger relationship with health compared to forgiveness of self and others. Discussion: The findings underscore the importance of subjective beliefs about God. Future research directions are proposed to advance the study of religion and health in later life by conceiving of a more salient role for divine forgiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Upenieks
- Department of Sociology, 14643Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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49
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Anger Rumination and Mindfulness: Mediating Effects on Forgiveness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052668. [PMID: 33800890 PMCID: PMC7967311 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Different investigations relate mindfulness practice as a strategy to cope with and improve negative repetitive thinking states and forgiveness. (2) Methods: The aim is to analyze the mediating processes of mindfulness as a trait and the changes in the anger rumination on forgiveness. This sample comprised 264 undergraduate students (M = 24.13 years, SD = 11.39). The instruments used were the Anger Rumination Scale (ARS), the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS). For data analysis, the spillover effect was calculated using 10,000 bootstrap samples for the bootstrap confidence intervals (CI). (3) Conclusions: The results confirm that the relationship between mindfulness practice and forgiveness is mediated by changes in mindfulness trait and anger rumination. Given the results obtained, it is considered appropriate to extend the study to samples from other countries, as well as to contexts of depressive rumination or anxiety.
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50
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Measuring predictors of psychopathology in Italian adolescents: Forgiveness, avoidance and revenge. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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