1
|
Shahane V, Kumavor PD, Morgan K, Srinivasan S. Fast and Fun: A Pilot Feasibility Study Using Dual Joystick-Operated Ride-on Toys for Upper Extremity Rehabilitation in Children with Hemiplegia. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38863174 DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2024.2360462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
AIM Our study investigates the feasibility and utility of implementing a dual joystick-operated ride-on-toy navigation training (RNT) program within a 3-week intensive camp based on principles of modified constraint-induced movement therapy and bimanual training, to improve upper extremity (UE) function in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP). METHODS We employed a single-group pretest posttest, mixed methods study design. Eleven 4-to-10-year-old children with UCP received RNT as part of camp activities. Sessions required children to use both arms together for navigation and completing gross and fine motor UE challenges. We collected exit questionnaires from children, caregivers, and clinicians to assess the feasibility, acceptance, enjoyment, and perceived efficacy of RNT. Videos of training sessions were coded using Datavyu behavioral coding software to assess children's facial expressions and affective states, indicative of their level of engagement during intervention sessions. RESULTS We found high levels of child engagement during RNT sessions based on video data and stakeholder feedback. The RNT program was smoothly integrated into the camp. Stakeholders acknowledged the highly motivating nature of RNT. When combined with other camp activities, the program led to stakeholder-reported improvements in bimanual skills and spontaneous daily use of the affected UE. CONCLUSIONS Our pilot study provides promising evidence for using joystick-operated ride-on toys as engaging therapy adjuncts. Our findings call for future studies to systematically assess the efficacy of these devices in improving UE function among children with UCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Shahane
- Physical Therapy Program, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy (InCHIP), University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- The Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences (IBACS), University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Patrick D Kumavor
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Kristin Morgan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Sudha Srinivasan
- Physical Therapy Program, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy (InCHIP), University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- The Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences (IBACS), University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Øverland E, Hauge ÅL, Orm S, Øie MG, Skogli EW, Pellicano E, Andersen PN. "I have to charge my social battery": Perspectives from autistic young adults on Quality of Life. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:1369-1381. [PMID: 38629698 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241245578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT In this study we have asked a group of autistic young adults to describe what is important for their quality of life. The 14 participants (aged 21-29 years) were recruited from a 10-year follow-up study of autistic people. During interviews, our participants described the importance of having relationships with family, friends and pets. Having meaningful activities and being able to immerse themselves in particular interests was also reported to be important for a good quality of life. Interests had also guided their choice of what to study and what to do for work. They also spoke of how communication problems with professionals, bullying and sensory and emotional overload could have a negative impact on quality of life. Future interventions should focus on how professionals can help autistic people to connect to people/animals and meaningful activities, as the participants described this as important for having a good quality of life. These findings may be helpful in enhancing how passions and interests can be seen as opportunities for both academic and work careers for autistic people. Future research and interventions should also look at the communication barriers between autistic people and professionals, and how two-way understanding can be improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Øverland
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, Norway
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norway
| | | | - Stian Orm
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, Norway
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norway
| | | | - Erik Winther Skogli
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, Norway
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norway
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cooper K, Kumarendran S, Barona M. A systematic review and meta-synthesis on perspectives of autistic young people and their parents on psychological well-being. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 109:102411. [PMID: 38492246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Autistic adolescents are at increased risk of developing mental health problems. Improving psychological well-being could reduce the likelihood of such problems developing. Research has tended to prioritise the voices of non-autistic people and has neglected to consult autistic young people themselves. Our meta-synthesis aimed to systematically review qualitative research on the perspectives of autistic young people and their parents on the lived experience of psychological well-being. We conducted a pre-planned systematic search which identified 2552 papers, with 37 of those meeting full inclusion criteria. Included papers were published between 2008 and 2023, with three-quarters published since 2018. We extracted qualitative data from each paper pertaining to the lived experience of psychological well-being in autistic young people and conducted a thematic synthesis. We identified three themes; Walking a tightrope: the need for growth versus recharging through rest and familiarity; Developing a positive sense of self in the social world; Internally driven sources of happiness. Psychological interventions aiming to improve well-being in autistic young people should respect their autonomy and need for rest whilst encouraging growth and skills development, provide opportunities to understand social needs and differences, and promote opportunities to enjoy special interests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Cooper
- Centre for Applied Autism Research, Department of Psychology, University of Bath, UK BA2 7AY.
| | - Sanjay Kumarendran
- Centre for Applied Autism Research, Department of Psychology, University of Bath, UK BA2 7AY
| | - Manuela Barona
- Centre for Applied Autism Research, Department of Psychology, University of Bath, UK BA2 7AY
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Erwin J, Burns L, Devalia U, Witton R, Shawe J, Wheat H, Axford N, Doughty J, Kaddour S, Nelder A, Brocklehurst P, Boswell S, Paisi M. Co-production of health and social science research with vulnerable children and young people: A rapid review. Health Expect 2024; 27:e13991. [PMID: 38403901 PMCID: PMC10895074 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The term 'care-experienced' refers to anyone who is currently in care or has been in care at any stage in their life. A complex interplay of factors leads to care-experienced children and young people (CECYP) experiencing poorer oral health and access to dental care than their peers. A rapid review of the co-production of health and social care research with vulnerable children and young people (CYP) was carried out to inform the development of a co-produced research project exploring the oral health behaviours and access to dental services of CECYP. Here, 'co-production' refers to the involvement of CYP in the planning or conduct of research with explicit roles in which they generate ideas, evidence and research outputs. AIM To learn how to meaningfully involve vulnerable CYP in the co-production of health and social science research. OBJECTIVES To identify: Different approaches to facilitating the engagement of vulnerable CYP in co-production of health and social science research; different activities carried out in such approaches, challenges to engaging vulnerable CYP in co-production of health and social science research and ways to overcome them and areas of best practice in relation to research co-production with vulnerable CYP. SEARCH STRATEGY A rapid review of peer-reviewed articles was conducted in six databases (MEDLINE, Embase, SocINDEX, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science) and grey literature to identify studies that engaged vulnerable CYP in co-approaches to health and social research. MAIN RESULTS Of 1394 documents identified in the search, 40 were included and analysed. A number of different approaches to co-production were used in the studies. The CYP was involved in a range of activities, chiefly the development of data collection tools, data collection and dissemination. Individual challenges for CYP and researchers, practical and institutional factors and ethical considerations impacted the success of co-production. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Co-production of health and social science with vulnerable CYP presents challenges to researchers and CYP calling for all to demonstrate reflexivity and awareness of biases, strengths and limitations. Used appropriately and well, co-production offers benefits to researchers and CYP and can contribute to research that reflects the needs of vulnerable CYP. Adherence to the key principles of inclusion, safeguarding, respect and well-being facilitates this approach. PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Members of our patient and public involvement and stakeholder groups contributed to the interpretation of the review findings. This manuscript was written together with a young care leaver, Skye Boswell, who is one of the authors. She contributed to the preparation of the manuscript, reviewing the findings and their interpretation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jo Erwin
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Lorna Burns
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Urshla Devalia
- Royal National ENT and Eastman Dental Hospital, London, UK
| | - Robert Witton
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Jill Shawe
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Hannah Wheat
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Nick Axford
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Janine Doughty
- School of Dentistry, Royal Liverpool University Dental Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Martha Paisi
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
O'Connor M, Jones SC, Gordon C, Joosten A. Exploring Environmental Barriers and Facilitators to Inclusion on a University Campus for Autistic Students. AUTISM IN ADULTHOOD 2024; 6:36-46. [PMID: 38435327 PMCID: PMC10902272 DOI: 10.1089/aut.2022.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Attending university allows individuals to build independence, develop social networks, and attain valuable qualifications, contributing to enhanced outcomes in adulthood. However, autistic people have poorer participation rates and outcomes in university than those with all other disabilities or without disabilities. Most research conducted with autistic young adults in the university environment focuses on their social and communicative challenges and supports rather than on how the physical environment impacts an autistic student's university experience. Therefore, there is a need for research into how the sensory aspects of the university environment can affect the well-being and outcomes of autistic students. Methods This qualitative study explored the experiences of seven autistic university students in the physical spaces of an Australian university. Using a semi-structured interview guide, and photo-elicitation, we collected data in one-on-one interviews with seven autistic undergraduate students. Results We found that sensory aspects of physical spaces on university campuses are both enabling and challenging for autistic students. These aspects not only impact how students navigate and utilize aspects of the campus, but they also influence how students engage and participate at university. Autistic students need the space and resources to manage sensory overload on campus, and universities that seek to support autistic students need to consider the physical and sensory needs of this cohort. Conclusions Inclusive university education requires attention to the physical aspects of campuses that support the mental and physical well-being of autistic students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxine O'Connor
- Research Impact Unit and Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sandra C. Jones
- School of Allied Health, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chloe Gordon
- School of Allied Health, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Annette Joosten
- Research Impact Unit and Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Longhurst P, Aspell J, Todd J, Swami V. "There's No Separating My View of My Body from My Autism": A qualitative study of positive body image in autistic individuals. Body Image 2024; 48:101655. [PMID: 38042087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
While scholars have investigated positive body image across diverse populations, extant theory largely excludes those with differing socio-cognitive experiences, such as autistic individuals. Using constructivist grounded theory, this study sought to develop a grounded theory of positive body image in autistic individuals. One-to-one interviews with photo-elicitation were conducted with 20 autistic adults (7 women, 8 men, 5 non-binary/agender; aged 18-53 years) from the United Kingdom. Through a process of open, axial, and focused coding, a grounded theory was developed around a core category of positive body image in autistic adults and was found to comprise six themes: body connection, body acceptance, appreciating body functionality and neurodivergent strengths, having a body-positive protective filter, taking care of the body, and body and appearance neutrality. Our findings suggest that some aspects of positive body image in autistic individuals are consistent with those found in neurotypical adults. However, positive body image in autistic individuals further encompasses both the sensory (i.e., how the body is felt) and aesthetic (i.e., how the body is seen) body. These findings may stimulate research aimed at improving positive body image in autistic populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phaedra Longhurst
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Jane Aspell
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Todd
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Viren Swami
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Orsmond GI, Krishnan SG, Munsell EGS, Cohn ES, Coster WJ. Describing Outcomes in Autistic Young Adults One Year After High School Graduation. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-023-06152-x. [PMID: 38285097 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Research documents poor outcomes for autistic adults in the domains of employment, independent living, and social relationships. Measurement and sample limitations in prior studies may have amplified past estimates of poor outcomes. The goal of the current study was to improve upon past approaches and to create and describe a measurement approach to capture adult outcomes that reflected the context of young adulthood and the perspectives of autistic individuals, pairing objective outcome indicators with subjective satisfaction indicators. METHODS Thirty-six autistic young adults (mean age 19.8 years) and a parent completed self-report surveys. Using these data, we defined an objective and subjective (i.e., satisfaction) outcome indicator in each of three domains: productivity (employment or post-secondary education), social well-being (frequency of contact with friends), and living situation (autonomy). RESULTS Three-quarters of young adults experienced at least 5 out of 6 positive outcomes. Over 90% were engaged in school, work, or a structured transition program, and an equal percentage were satisfied with their productivity activity. Over three-quarters of adults had a good amount of contact with friends and were satisfied with their social life. Most young adults had a moderate level of autonomy in their daily lives, and all were satisfied with their living situation. CONCLUSION Tailoring outcome measurement approaches specifically for autistic young adults provided a more optimistic portrayal of outcomes than previously noted in the literature. The approach used better reflects a neurodiversity approach and may be useful for evaluating the effectiveness of transition services or interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gael I Orsmond
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Sharada G Krishnan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | - Ellen S Cohn
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Wendy J Coster
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bowman LR, Smart E, Oh A, Xu Y, Curran CJ, Menna-Dack D, Hammond J, Thorne M. Facilitating virtual social connections for youth with disabilities: lessons for post-COVID-19 programming. Disabil Rehabil 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38279660 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2301484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Social connections are essential for the development of life skills for youth. Youth with disabilities have long faced barriers to meaningful social connections. The onset of COVID-19 increased barriers to social connections for all youth, and also led to enhanced use of virtual platforms in paediatric rehabilitation programming. Harnessing this opportunity, service providers created a suite of online programs to foster social connections and friendships. The current study explores participant and service provider experiences of such programs. METHODS This qualitative descriptive study used interviews and focus groups to explore how youth with disabilities (n = 8), their parents (n = 7), and service providers (n = 13) involved in program development and delivery experienced the programs, the accessibility of the virtual platforms, and their social connections in relation to program participation. RESULTS Participants were satisfied with the programs' content, accessibility and ability to meet their social needs. Qualitative themes included facilitating social connections, accessibility of virtual spaces, and recommendations for future virtual programming. DISCUSSION For youth with disabilities who have been historically marginalized in social spheres, the newly ubiquitous infrastructure regarding virtual programming must be supported and enhanced. A hybrid approach involving virtual/in-person options in future programming is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Bowman
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Smart
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Research Program, Quality Management, TVCC (formerly Thames Valley Children's Centre), London, Ontario, Canada
- Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Oh
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ying Xu
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C J Curran
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dolly Menna-Dack
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Hammond
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Thorne
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ekwonye AU, Chonyi T, Farah I, Nguyen S, Malek A, Hearst M. College Students' Reflections on Their Experience Facilitating a Photovoice Research Project with BIPOC Older Adults and Frontline Healthcare Workers. YOUTH (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:477-489. [PMID: 38846516 PMCID: PMC11154884 DOI: 10.3390/youth3020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The photovoice literature has focused mainly on research collaborations between researchers in academia and community partners. There is limited evidence of undergraduate students facilitating photovoice research projects with underserved Black, Indigenous, and persons of color (BIPOC). Students' participation in photovoice research increases their understanding of local issues and can empower them to engage with local communities to create change. This qualitative study explored students' experiences facilitating photovoice research with BIPOC older adults and frontline healthcare workers. In this study, we trained college students in photovoice methodological skills by introducing photovoice as a participatory qualitative methodology, explained ethics issues and the informed consent process, and clarified the steps and requirements for the photovoice project. Students were paired with BIPOC older adults and frontline healthcare workers. They facilitated the photovoice research project in four stages. Throughout the study, students critically reflected and wrote about the various aspects of their experience facilitating the photovoice research activities based on weekly structured reflection questions. In their weekly journal, student facilitators commented on how both older and younger BIPOC participants were friendly and kind, flexible with the research activity scheduling, inspiring with their stories, and selfless. Students' reflections indicated that their participants experienced greater emotional and psychological burdens during the COVID-19 pandemic, exacerbated by the long-standing epidemic of systemic racism. Student facilitators overwhelmingly recognized participants' resilience and perseverance despite these life challenges. Our findings highlight the importance of photovoice in developing and strengthening college students' qualitative research skills and stimulating critical thinking and creativity, a sense of critical consciousness about social issues and society, and a sense of empowerment. Our results will be relevant to hospital/long-term care managers, policymakers, and researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela U. Ekwonye
- Department of Public Health, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Tenzin Chonyi
- Department of Public Health, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Iqra Farah
- Department of Public Health, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Stephanie Nguyen
- Department of Public Health, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Abigail Malek
- Department of Public Health, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Mary Hearst
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ratto AB, Bascom J, daVanport S, Strang JF, Anthony LG, Verbalis A, Pugliese C, Nadwodny N, Brown LX, Cruz M, Hector BL, Kapp SK, Giwa Onaiwu M, Raymaker DM, Robison JE, Stewart C, Stone R, Whetsell E, Pelphrey K, Kenworthy L. Centering the Inner Experience of Autism: Development of the Self-Assessment of Autistic Traits. AUTISM IN ADULTHOOD 2023; 5:93-105. [PMID: 36941856 PMCID: PMC10024271 DOI: 10.1089/aut.2021.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Current tools for identifying autism are critiqued for their lack of specificity and sensitivity, especially in autistic people who are older, have higher verbal ability or significant compensatory skills, and are not cisgender boys. This may reflect the following: the historical focus of autism research on White (cisgender) male, upper and middle class children; limited interest in the inner, lived experience of autism; and the predominance of a deficit-based model of autism. We report here on the first attempt of which we are aware to develop a clinical self-report measure of autistic traits as described by autistic people. We believe this is an advance in methodology because prior work in the development of autistic trait/diagnostic measures has prioritized the perspectives of nonautistic clinicians and scientists. The measure was developed under the leadership of two autistic researchers and constructed by leveraging descriptions of autism by autistic people to generate items designed to encompass the range of the autistic experience, using strength-based, accessible language. The team utilized iterative feedback from a panel of autistic experts to refine and enhance the measure, called the Self Assessment of Autistic Traits (SAAT). It is intended for people 16 years or older and uses a format that is designed to increase its accessibility and acceptability for autistic respondents. Future work will report on the preliminary psychometrics of the SAAT, with a long-term goal of advancing our understanding of the inner autistic experience and enhancing the clinical and scientific assessment of autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison B. Ratto
- Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Division of Neuropsychology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Julia Bascom
- Autistic Self Advocacy Network, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - John F. Strang
- Gender and Autism Program, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Laura G. Anthony
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Alyssa Verbalis
- Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Division of Neuropsychology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cara Pugliese
- Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Division of Neuropsychology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nicole Nadwodny
- Department of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Brookline, MA, USA
| | - Lydia X.Z. Brown
- Department of Disability Studies and Women's and Gender Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mallory Cruz
- Private Consultant, Hitachiomiya, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Steven K. Kapp
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Morénike Giwa Onaiwu
- Center for the Study of Women, Gender, and Sexuality, Rice University, & Autistic Women & Nonbinary Network, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dora M. Raymaker
- School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - John Elder Robison
- Neurodiversity Working Group, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Ren Stone
- Autistic Women & Nonbinary Network, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Kevin Pelphrey
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lauren Kenworthy
- Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Division of Neuropsychology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Øverland E, Hauge ÅL, Orm S, Pellicano E, Øie MG, Skogli EW, Andersen PN. Exploring life with autism: Quality of Life, daily functioning and compensatory strategies from childhood to emerging adulthood: A qualitative study protocol. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1058601. [PMID: 36506426 PMCID: PMC9732257 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1058601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aims to investigate self-perceived quality of life, daily functioning, and the use of compensatory strategies in emerging adults with autism. Methods and analysis Participants will be recruited from the Lillehammer Neurodevelopmental 10-year follow-up study (LINEUP), with the aim of 15 individual in-depth interviews. Subsequently, two focus groups with clinicians will be invited to reflect on the themes found in the individual interviews. All interviews will be recorded and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Ethics and dissemination The study is approved by the Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics in South-East Norway. The findings will be disseminated to academic and clinical audiences through journal articles and conference presentations. To reach the broader autistic and autism communities, the findings will be shared with the Autism Society at national and local meetings, in their membership magazine, and on their social media channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Øverland
- Division of Mental Health Care, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Åshild Lappegard Hauge
- Department of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stian Orm
- Division of Mental Health Care, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elizabeth Pellicano
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Merete Glenne Øie
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Erik Winther Skogli
- Division of Mental Health Care, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Per Normann Andersen
- Department of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ferenc K, Płatos M, Byrka K, Król ME. Looking through rainbow-rimmed glasses: Taking neurodiversity perspective is related to subjective well-being of autistic adults. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022:13623613221135818. [DOI: 10.1177/13623613221135818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Finding new ways of supporting the well-being of autistic adults is an essential goal for research and practice. We tested the predictive value of attitudes towards autism (as neurodiversity or as a disorder) and identification with other autistic people, on the psychological distress and self-esteem of autistic adults ( n = 109). Adopting a neurodiversity attitude not only predicted higher self-esteem but also served as a protective factor against the negative impact of identification with other autistic people on psychological distress. These findings show that clinicians should be sensitive to the way autistic people understand autism and the extent to which they identify with the autism community, as these factors relate to their well-being. Lay abstract Autistic adults experience a high level of distress. Finding new ways to support their well-being is an important goal for researchers and clinicians. We assessed the way autistic adults view their autism, as a disorder or as a type of mind (neurodiversity), and the level they integrate with other autistic people, and we checked how those factors contribute to their well-being. People who see autism rather as a type of mind than as a disorder had higher self-esteem. People who view themselves as more similar to other autistic people felt more stressed, but this result was not accurate for people who view autism as a type of mind. Clinicians should be sensitive to the way autistic people understand autism and to what extent they identify with the autism community, because it may relate to their well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Ferenc
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poland
| | - Mateusz Płatos
- University of Warsaw, Poland
- Association for Social Innovation ‘Mary and Max’, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Botha M, Dibb B, Frost DM. 'It's being a part of a grand tradition, a grand counter-culture which involves communities': A qualitative investigation of autistic community connectedness. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 26:2151-2164. [PMID: 35318862 PMCID: PMC9597163 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221080248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT A sense of being connected to other autistic people has been reported anecdotally. Friendships and connectedness may be important to autistic people and beneficial for their wellbeing. Our research aimed to understand the autistic community by interviewing 20 autistic people about their experiences of being connected to other autistic people. Participants were interviewed in person, over video, using a text-based software to type or over email. Participants detailed three parts of autistic community connectedness: a sense of belonging, social connection with autistic friends and political connectedness. The friendships autistic people had with one another were deemed to be very important to participants because it gave them confidence, provided companionship and made them happy. Some participants did not experience connectedness to the autistic community. These participants also found autism to be less important to their identity and had fewer positive feelings about being autistic. This research is important as it raises awareness that community connectedness is viewed as important to this group. It is possible that community connectedness may help protect the mental health of autistic people when they face stigma or negative life experiences in society.
Collapse
|
14
|
Measuring psychological flexibility in autistic adults: Examining the validity and reliability of the AAQ-II, BEAQ, and VQ. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
15
|
Pellicano E, Fatima U, Hall G, Heyworth M, Lawson W, Lilley R, Mahony J, Stears M. A capabilities approach to understanding and supporting autistic adulthood. NATURE REVIEWS PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 1:624-639. [PMID: 36090460 PMCID: PMC9443657 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-022-00099-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is little comprehensive research into autistic adulthood, and even less into the services and supports that are most likely to foster flourishing adult autistic lives. This limited research is partly because autism is largely conceived as a condition of childhood, but this focus of research has also resulted from the orthodox scientific approach to autism, which conceptualizes autistic experience almost entirely as a series of biologically derived functional deficits. Approaching autism in this way severely limits what is known about this neurodevelopmental difference, how research is conducted and the services and supports available. In this Review, we adopt an alternative research strategy: we apply Martha Nussbaum’s capabilities approach, which focuses on ten core elements of a thriving human life, to research on autistic adulthood. In doing so, we identify areas where autistic adults thrive and where they often struggle, and highlight issues to which researchers, clinicians and policymakers should respond. The resulting picture is far more complex than conventional accounts of autism imply. It also reveals the importance of engaging autistic adults directly in the research process to make progress towards genuinely knowing autism and supporting flourishing autistic lives. The focus on functional deficits in conventional autism research constrains understanding of autistic lives. In this Review, Pellicano et al. appraise research on autistic adulthood through a capabilities lens to identify areas where autistic adults thrive, and where more research and services are needed to enhance their quality of life.
Collapse
|
16
|
Hurtienne MW, Knowles J, Hurtienne LE. Participant photography for HRD: method, benefits, and ethics. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ejtd-07-2021-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to look at how participant photography can be used in human resource development (HRD) as a research method that is innovative and inclusive. In published work on traditional photo elicitation methods, the participant is shown previously prepared visual images to create knowledge. This can provoke an inaccurate depiction due to the images being previously prepared. Participant photography differs greatly from the traditional photo-elicitation method. In participant photography, the participant is provided with the opportunity to capture their own visual images of the surrounding environment, allowing for data to be captured through their own eyes. More notably, participants voice their own experiences after taking the photographs as a means for providing rich data for researchers.
Design/methodology/approach
Participant photography is an innovative qualitative research method where the research participant is encouraged to document their lived experiences through images taken by the participant. Additionally, the participants take part in individual interviews and group individual sessions to further explain the images.
Findings
The research findings can lead to deeper insight into the research topic and even accommodate potential issues related to literacy and language barriers. By introducing a new qualitative research method to HRD, the lived experiences can be documented and examined in a new, different and arguably more accurate way.
Research limitations/implications
Literature discussing participant photography in HRD is limited. Although this limitation puts constraints on this study, it creates an opportunity to further define how participant photography can be used in HRD. This method offers a means for HRD researchers and practitioners to focus on the voices of participants to improve organizations.
Practical implications
This study addresses how participant photography can be used in the field of HRD by describing the process of participant recruitment, implementation of the method, participant interviews, group discussion and analysis. Specifically, this study focused on the practical application, including the method’s strengths, potential weaknesses and ethical challenges.
Social implications
The method of participant photography has been commonly used in community-based studies, public health projects and medical research projects, yet in ever-changing HRD needs, there are many advantages for the field of HRD to implement this method.
Originality/value
Although the concept of participant photography is still in its infancy in HRD, this study explains how participant photography can be used for both researchers and practitioners to gain a deeper understanding and knowledge of topics related to HRD.
Collapse
|
17
|
Green J, Leadbitter K, Ainsworth J, Bucci S. An integrated early care pathway for autism. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2022; 6:335-344. [PMID: 35303486 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this Viewpoint, we argue for the need to reconceptualise an integrated early-care provision for autistic children in the light of their enduring support needs and relevant new findings from developmental and intervention research. This model goes beyond short-term reactive care to outline an early proactive, evidenced, developmentally phased, and scalable programme of support for autistic children and their families from the earliest opportunity, with timely access to later step-up care when needed. We also integrate this model with emerging opportunities from data science and digital health technologies as a potential facilitator of such a pathway. Building on this work, we argue that the best current autism intervention evidence can be integrated with concepts and evidence gained in the management of other enduring health conditions to support an autistic child and their family through their early development. The aim is to improve those children's social communication abilities, expand their range and flexibility of interests, and mitigate any negative impacts of sensory difficulties and restricted, repetitive behaviours on the child and their family wellbeing. The pathway solutions described could also be adapted for older adolescents and adults and could be used within the health systems of different countries, including within low-income and middle-income contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Green
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester, UK; Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Manchester Royal Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK.
| | - Kathy Leadbitter
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester, UK
| | - John Ainsworth
- Division of Imaging, Informatics and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sandra Bucci
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Complex Trauma and Resilience Research Unit, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Brown HM, Dwyer PSR, Gassner DL, Kapp SK, Ne′eman A, Ryan JG, Waisman TC, Williams ZJ. The Autism Intervention Research Network on Physical Health Autistic Researcher Review Board. Pediatrics 2022; 149:e2020049437F. [PMID: 35363294 PMCID: PMC9069212 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-049437f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Brown
- Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Patrick S. R. Dwyer
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, California
- Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Dena L. Gassner
- School of Social Work, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York
- Department of Health Sciences, Towson University, Towson, Maryland
| | - Steven K. Kapp
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Ari Ne′eman
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jacalyn G. Ryan
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - TC Waisman
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zachary J. Williams
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
A School-Based Approach to Building Resilience and Mental Health Among Adolescents on the Autism Spectrum: A Longitudinal Mixed Methods Study. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-022-09501-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTackling mental health difficulties in adolescents on the autism spectrum requires a comprehensive prevention approach. A 3-year multisite proof-of-concept longitudinal study implemented an evidence-based multilevel resilience intervention in schools to promote protective factors at the adolescent, parent, and school level. The intervention, consisting of the adolescent, parent and teacher components of the Resourceful Adolescent Program–Autism Spectrum Disorder (RAP-ASD) augmented with the Index for Inclusion, was implemented in 6 secondary schools with 30 adolescents with an autism diagnosis in Grades 7 and 8, 31 parents of 23 of the adolescents, and school staff. The intervention was implemented with good validity and acceptability. Quantitative data from adolescents and parents were analysed using the Reliable Change Index, and qualitative data were analysed using Consensual Qualitative Research. Triangulated quantitative and qualitative outcomes from the majority of adolescents and their parents showed some evidence for promoting resilience for adolescents with a diagnosis or traits of autism, as reflected in reliable improvements in coping self-efficacy and school connectedness, and a reduction in anxiety symptoms and emotional and behavioural difficulties. A reliable improvement in depressive symptoms was more modest and was only achieved by a small minority of adolescents. This multilevel, strength-focused, resilience-building approach represents a promising and sustainable school-based primary prevention program to improve the quality of life for adolescents on the spectrum by promoting their mental health and providing their families with much needed support.
Collapse
|
20
|
Biases, Barriers, and Possible Solutions: Steps Towards Addressing Autism Researchers Under-Engagement with Racially, Ethnically, and Socioeconomically Diverse Communities. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:4206-4211. [PMID: 34529251 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Autistic individuals who are also people of color or from lower socioeconomic strata are historically underrepresented in research. Lack of representation in autism research has contributed to health and healthcare disparities. Reducing these disparities will require culturally competent research that is relevant to under-resourced communities as well as collecting large nationally representative samples, or samples in which traditionally disenfranchised groups are over-represented. To achieve these goals, a diverse group of culturally competent researchers must partner with and gain the trust of communities to identify and eliminate barriers to participating in research. We suggest community-academic partnerships as one promising approach that results in high-quality research built on cultural competency, respect, and shared decision making.
Collapse
|
21
|
Leadbitter K, Buckle KL, Ellis C, Dekker M. Autistic Self-Advocacy and the Neurodiversity Movement: Implications for Autism Early Intervention Research and Practice. Front Psychol 2021; 12:635690. [PMID: 33912110 PMCID: PMC8075160 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of autistic self-advocacy and the neurodiversity movement has brought about new ethical, theoretical and ideological debates within autism theory, research and practice. These debates have had genuine impact within some areas of autism research but their influence is less evident within early intervention research. In this paper, we argue that all autism intervention stakeholders need to understand and actively engage with the views of autistic people and with neurodiversity as a concept and movement. In so doing, intervention researchers and practitioners are required to move away from a normative agenda and pay diligence to environmental goodness-of-fit, autistic developmental trajectories, internal drivers and experiences, and autistic prioritized intervention targets. Autism intervention researchers must respond to these debates by reframing effectiveness, developing tools to measure autistic prioritized outcomes, and forming partnerships with autistic people. There is a pressing need for increased reflection and articulation around how intervention practices align with a neurodiversity framework and greater emphasis within intervention programmes on natural developmental processes, coping strategies, autonomy, and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Leadbitter
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Leneh Buckle
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- The Autscape Organisation, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Ceri Ellis
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Martijn Dekker
- The Autscape Organisation, Coventry, United Kingdom
- The European Council of Autistic People, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lam GYH, Sabnis S, Migueliz Valcarlos M, Wolgemuth JR. A Critical Review of Academic Literature Constructing Well-Being in Autistic Adults. AUTISM IN ADULTHOOD 2021; 3:61-71. [PMID: 36601269 PMCID: PMC8992886 DOI: 10.1089/aut.2020.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of critical autism studies has fueled efforts to interrogate how autistic people are studied and described in academic literature. While there is a call for research that promotes better well-being for autistic people, little attention has been paid to the concept of well-being itself. Just as the medical model limits critical understandings of autism in the academic literature, so too may psychological accounts of well-being limit, rather than expand, possibilities of living a good life for autistic people. The purpose of this critical review was to identify and critique how well-being in autistic adults is constructed in research. Based on a systematic search of peer-reviewed empirical research published from 2013 to 2020, we identified 63 articles that involved direct data collection with autistic adults and focused on well-being constructs such as quality of life, life satisfaction, and happiness. We examined the articles using the techniques of critical discourse analysis to discern assumptions underlying constructions of autistic well-being, with special attention to the axiological and teleological contributions of autistic perspectives in the research and writing processes. We identified several approaches through which the literature constructed autistic well-being: (1) well-being as an objective uncontested variable, (2) well-being as personal and not fixed, (3) well-being that warrants a specific measure for the autistic population, and (4) well-being as a situated account that privileges and centers autistic people's perspectives. We subject these accounts to critical analysis, pointing to how they limit and open life possibilities for autistic people. We recommend that researchers and practitioners critically reflect on how they engage autistic adults and use their input to create works that support well-being in ways that are meaningful and ethical to autistic adults, as well as do justice to changing broader narratives of autism in research and society. Lay summary Why was this study done?: More autistic people and researchers have advocated to study autism in critical and positive ways. While it is important to promote better well-being for autistic people, little is known about what well-being actually means to them.What was the purpose of this study?: The purpose of our critical review was to identify how the concept of well-being in autistic people is understood and described in academic literature. We also critiqued how well-being research considers the input and perspectives of autistic adults.What did we do?: We systematically searched for research articles published between 2013 and 2020. We identified 63 articles that involved direct data collection with autistic adults and focused on well-being and related concepts such as quality of life, life satisfaction, and happiness. We analyzed the articles by focusing on how they used language to describe well-being in autistic adults and how they valued the data collected from these adults.What did we find?: We identified several ways that article authors described their understanding of autistic well-being: (1) well-being as an objective and uncontested object, (2) well-being is personal and can vary in nature, (3) well-being warrants a measure that considers opinions of autistic people, and (4) well-being as very specific to autistic people's subjective perspectives. We critically analyzed how these different understandings limit or open life possibilities for autistic people's well-being.How will this work help autistic people?: We recommend that researchers critically reflect on how they engage autistic adults and use their input in research. Promoting well-being needs to be meaningful and ethical to autistic adults. Research also needs to advocate for social justice to challenge how the majority in society understands or misunderstands autistic people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Yu Hin Lam
- Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.,Address correspondence to: Gary Yu Hin Lam, PhD, Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room 304, Ho Tim Building, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Sujay Sabnis
- Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education, Health, and Society, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Maria Migueliz Valcarlos
- Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education, Health, and Society, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Wolgemuth
- Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education, Health, and Society, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cost KT, Zaidman-Zait A, Mirenda P, Duku E, Zwaigenbaum L, Smith IM, Ungar WJ, Kerns C, Bennett T, Szatmari P, Georgiades S, Waddell C, Elsabbagh M, Vaillancourt T. "Best Things": Parents Describe Their Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Over Time. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 51:4560-4574. [PMID: 33532881 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study examined parental perceptions of the character traits of children with autism from early childhood to age 11. Parents (n = 153) provided descriptions of the "best things" about their children on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at ages 3-4, 7-8, and 10-11 years. Descriptions were coded using the framework of the Values in Action Classification of Strengths, with additional traits added as needed. Parent-endorsed traits included love, kindness, happiness, and humor in children across all ages and traits such as perseverance as children entered school. Higher CBCL scores were associated with a lower likelihood of endorsement for Humanity traits. Results are congruent with a contemporary neurodiversity perspective that emphasizes strengths and resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine T Cost
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
| | | | - Pat Mirenda
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Eric Duku
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Isabel M Smith
- Dalhousie University/IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Wendy J Ungar
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Connor Kerns
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Peter Szatmari
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Mayada Elsabbagh
- McGill University/Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, PQ, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Richman KA. Neurodiversity and Autism Advocacy: Who Fits Under the Autism Tent? THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2020; 20:33-34. [PMID: 32223633 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2020.1730493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
|