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Parker BM, Campbell E, Leite J, Stansbury K. Exploration of Black/African American College Survivors of IPV During COVID-19 Utilizing Descriptive Analysis. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241259023. [PMID: 39051466 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241259023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The last few decades have ushered in an increase in scholarship focused on campus-based violence, specifically sexual violence, sexual assault, and unwanted sexual experiences. This rise in sexual violence scholarship has promoted the examination of current campus-based interventions, resources, and response systems. However, there exists a dearth of research exploring the experience of intimate partner violence for college students within college/university settings. In this descriptive analysis, we capture the prevalence of intimate partner violence for a nationwide sample of 1,035 college students across diverse college and university campuses within the United States. Researchers utilized a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Intimate Partner Violence Screening Questionnaire to capture and measure college students' experiences of intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. To analyze the data, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 28) was used. Univariate analyses and cross-tabulation analyses were conducted to examine the data. Specifically, due to the majority of research focusing on cisgender, White heterosexual women respondents, we focus our analysis on the experiences of Black and/or African American survivors of intimate partner violence on college campuses, in hopes of capturing the prevalence of intimate and relationship violence for Black/African American college students across colleges and universities. Results of this study revealed the prevalence of all types of intimate partner violence and abuse such as emotional/psychological, physical, and sexual violence within Black/African American college students. Findings from this database study produce implications for college/university campuses to consider capacity to address enduring psychological concerns and outcomes tied to intimate partner violence within college/university campuses, while also considering culturally responsive prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jake Leite
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
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2
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Roy V, Fournier C, Thibault S, Tudeau M, Dumont-Blais A. Factors Shaping Gay Men's Experience of Intimate Partner Violence: An Ecological View. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2024; 71:1945-1969. [PMID: 37272893 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2023.2217515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gay men are particularly at risk for intimate partner violence (IPV). As regards the prevalence and unique consequences of IPV, many studies seek to understand the specific stressors faced by gay men, but few provide a more comprehensive perspective of IPV-related factors, including gay men-specific, general as well as protective factors. An ecological perspective was used to conduct a qualitative study aimed at identifying the different risk and protective factors related to IPV among gay men. We conducted individual semi-structured interviews with 23 gay men who acknowledge having experienced IPV by another man, as well as two focus groups with practitioners who provide services to this population. Our analysis led to a five-level ecological model, ranging from most proximal (e.g. prior victimization) to distal (e.g. conception of masculinity) factors, and including both general factors (e.g. power dynamics) and factors specific to gay men. Heterosexism emerged as an overarching contributing sociocultural factor. This study sheds new light on mechanisms whereby these factors affect the IPV experience, namely the risk of being victimized; the recognition of IPV victimization; and the response to the IPV experienced. These mechanisms are discussed along with heterosexism-related factors, and implications for research and practices are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Roy
- School of Social Work and criminology, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Claudia Fournier
- School of Social Work and criminology, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Sylvie Thibault
- Department of Social Work, Université du Québec en Outaouais, St-Jérôme, Canada
| | - Matis Tudeau
- Department of Psychosociology and Social Work, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada
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3
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Simpson PL, Callander D, Haire B, Pony M, Rosenberg S, Duck-Chong L, Holt M, Cook T. Factors Associated with Transgender and Gender Diverse People's Experience of Sexual Coercion, and Help-Seeking and Wellbeing Among Victims/Survivors: Results of the First Australian Trans and Gender Diverse Sexual Health Survey. LGBT Health 2024; 11:370-381. [PMID: 38301144 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2023.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Our study examined factors associated with transgender and gender diverse ("trans") people's experience of sexual coercion, as well as the factors associated with help-seeking and wellbeing among victims/survivors. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the first Australian Trans and Gender Diverse Sexual Health Survey, conducted in 2018. Logistic regressions were undertaken to identify factors associated with sexual coercion, help-seeking, and wellbeing. Results: Of the sample of 1448 participants, 53.4% had been sexually coerced, which was associated with older age, Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent, nonbinary gender, being presumed female gender at birth, currently living publicly some or all the time as their affirmed gender, having regular sex, and use of drugs to enhance or alter sexual experiences. Protective factors included having a higher income and access to gender affirming care. Help-seeking was reported among 49.5% of victims/survivors and was associated with having more trans friends. Wellbeing among victims/survivors was associated with being older, residing in regional/remote areas, having higher levels of education and annual income, being presumed female gender at birth, having stronger satisfaction with one's sex life, and good health care access. Wellbeing was not associated with help-seeking. Conclusion: Sexual coercion was prevalent among participants, but help-seeking behavior was low. Protective factors identified underscore the importance of socioeconomic supports, access to health and gender affirming care, and peers. Accessible peer-led and culturally safe preventive and trauma-focused supports should also be considered for trans people who experience sexual coercion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Simpson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Denton Callander
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bridget Haire
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mish Pony
- Scarlet Alliance, Australian Sex Workers Association, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Liz Duck-Chong
- Independent Researcher, Sydney/Gadigal Land, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin Holt
- School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Design and Architecture, Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Teddy Cook
- ACON, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Juwono S, Flores Anato JL, Kirschbaum AL, Metheny N, Dvorakova M, Skakoon-Sparling S, Moore DM, Grace D, Hart TA, Lambert G, Lachowsky NJ, Jollimore J, Cox J, Maheu-Giroux M. Prevalence, Determinants, and Trends in the Experience and Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence Among a Cohort of Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in Montréal, Toronto, and Vancouver, Canada (2017-2022). LGBT Health 2024. [PMID: 38860358 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2023.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Longitudinal data on the experience and perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) are limited. We estimated the prevalence of past 6-month (P6M) physical and/or sexual IPV (hereafter IPV) experience and perpetration, identified their determinants, and assessed temporal trends, including the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data from the Engage Cohort Study (2017-2022) of GBM recruited using respondent-driven sampling in Montréal, Toronto, and Vancouver. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) for determinants and self-reported P6M IPV were estimated using generalized estimating equations, accounting for attrition (inverse probability of censoring weights) and relevant covariates. Longitudinal trends of IPV were also assessed. Results: Between 2017 and 2022, 1455 partnered GBM (median age 32 years, 82% gay, and 71% White) had at least one follow-up visit. At baseline, 31% of participants experienced IPV in their lifetime and 17% reported ever perpetrating IPV. During follow-up, IPV experience was more common (6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5%-7%) than perpetration (4%, 95% CI: 3%-5%). Factors associated with P6M IPV experience included prior IPV experience (aPR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.76-4.08), lower education (aPR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.32-4.04), and substance use (injection aPR: 5.05, 95% CI: 2.54-10.05, non-injection aPR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.00-2.82). Similar factors were associated with IPV perpetration. IPV was stable over time; periods of COVID-19 restrictions were not associated with IPV changes in this cohort. Conclusion: Prevalence of IPV was high among GBM. Determinants related to marginalization were associated with an increased risk of IPV. Interventions should address these determinants to reduce IPV and improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Juwono
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jorge Luis Flores Anato
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Nicholas Metheny
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Milada Dvorakova
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Shayna Skakoon-Sparling
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - David M Moore
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Daniel Grace
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Trevor A Hart
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gilles Lambert
- Direction régionale de santé publique de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Nathan J Lachowsky
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Community Based Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jody Jollimore
- CATIE, Canadian AIDS Treatment Information Exchange, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joseph Cox
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mathieu Maheu-Giroux
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
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Stranges TN, Marshall RA, Godard R, Simonetto D, van Donkelaar P. Characterizing Intimate Partner Violence-Caused Brain Injury in a Sample of Survivors in the Two Spirit, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning Community. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241256390. [PMID: 38842219 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241256390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Research in the field of intimate partner violence-caused brain injury (IPV-BI) has predominantly focused on heterosexual women, ignoring the unique needs of the Two Spirit, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning (2S/LGBTQ) community. The purpose of this exploratory research was to better understand the prevalence of IPV and IPV-BI in 2S/LGBTQ relationships where IPV was defined as physical, psychological, financial, sexual, and/or identity-based abuse from a current of former intimate partner. This study used a cross sectional internet-based survey that ran from September to December of 2022. In addition to descriptive statistics, prevalence rates and their corresponding Wilson Score confidence intervals are reported to estimate the proportion of individuals who experienced IPV and IPV-BI. Finally, for both gender identity and sexual orientation, we tested whether participants with each identity had differing levels of brain injury severity compared to participants who did not hold that identity using Mann-Whitney U tests. In total, 170 2S/LGBTQ+ adults responded to the survey. Among the respondents, 54% identified as Two-Spirit, 24% identified as gay, 17% identified as queer, 14% identified as bisexual, and 8% identified as lesbian or pansexual, respectively. Respondents were predominantly multiracial, post-secondary educated, full-time employed, cisgender women (35%) or cisgender men (19%). The overwhelming majority reported lifetime prevalence of IPV at 98% (n = 166, 95% CI [94.11, 99.08]). Additionally, 68% (n = 115, 95% CI [60.29, 74.22]) of participants reported symptoms consistent with an IPV-BI. These results are consistent with the findings that the 2S/LGBTQ community are at heightened risk of experiencing physical IPV. These findings are the first to our knowledge to report a high rate of symptoms consistent with an IPV-BI in the 2S/LGBTQ population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tori N Stranges
- University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Rory A Marshall
- University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Alberta Health Services-Emergency Medical Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rebecca Godard
- University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Deana Simonetto
- University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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6
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Tubman JG, Lee J, Moore C. Factors Associated with Sexual Victimization Among Transgender Emerging Adults. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:2832-2852. [PMID: 38158817 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231221836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study documented between-group differences in risk factors associated with sexual victimization histories in an ethnically and racially diverse sample of transgender emerging adults (N = 248, ageM = 22.61 years). The sample was recruited using the Internet-based CloudResearch platform to answer questionnaires assessing predictors for recent experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV). Participants were categorized into four groups based on cross-classified self-reports of child sexual abuse (CSA) and recent sexual IPV, prior to the use of multivariate analysis of variance to evaluate mean score differences for past-year substance use, minority stressor, and relationship functioning variables. Participants reporting sexual IPV reported higher scores for all substance use variables, while transfeminine participants reported significantly higher scores for alcohol use problems and negative consequences related to substance use. Participants reporting both CSA and sexual IPV also reported the highest scores for everyday discrimination. Participants who experienced sexual IPV also reported the highest scores for internalized sexual stigma. Sexual revictimization among transgender adults occurs in the context of harmful patterns of substance use and several minority stressors. Our findings have implications for healthcare or counseling services for transgender emerging adults who have experienced multiple forms of victimization, substance use problems, and minority stressors, including the importance of trauma-informed and integrated intervention services, and specialized training for service providers.
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7
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Dickstein DR, Edwards CR, Rowan CR, Avanessian B, Chubak BM, Wheldon CW, Simoes PK, Buckstein MH, Keefer LA, Safer JD, Sigel K, Goodman KA, Rosser BRS, Goldstone SE, Wong SY, Marshall DC. Pleasurable and problematic receptive anal intercourse and diseases of the colon, rectum and anus. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:377-405. [PMID: 38763974 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00932-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The ability to experience pleasurable sexual activity is important for human health. Receptive anal intercourse (RAI) is a common, though frequently stigmatized, pleasurable sexual activity. Little is known about how diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus and their treatments affect RAI. Engaging in RAI with gastrointestinal disease can be difficult due to the unpredictability of symptoms and treatment-related toxic effects. Patients might experience sphincter hypertonicity, gastrointestinal symptom-specific anxiety, altered pelvic blood flow from structural disorders, decreased sensation from cancer-directed therapies or body image issues from stoma creation. These can result in problematic RAI - encompassing anodyspareunia (painful RAI), arousal dysfunction, orgasm dysfunction and decreased sexual desire. Therapeutic strategies for problematic RAI in patients living with gastrointestinal diseases and/or treatment-related dysfunction include pelvic floor muscle strengthening and stretching, psychological interventions, and restorative devices. Providing health-care professionals with a framework to discuss pleasurable RAI and diagnose problematic RAI can help improve patient outcomes. Normalizing RAI, affirming pleasure from RAI and acknowledging that the gastrointestinal system is involved in sexual pleasure, sexual function and sexual health will help transform the scientific paradigm of sexual health to one that is more just and equitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Dickstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Collin R Edwards
- Department of Radiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Catherine R Rowan
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bella Avanessian
- Center for Transgender Medicine and Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara M Chubak
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher W Wheldon
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Priya K Simoes
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael H Buckstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurie A Keefer
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua D Safer
- Center for Transgender Medicine and Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith Sigel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karyn A Goodman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - B R Simon Rosser
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health at University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen E Goldstone
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Serre-Yu Wong
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deborah C Marshall
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Liu VC, Nelson LE, Shorey S. Experiences of Women Receiving Trauma-Informed Care: A Qualitative Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024:15248380241234346. [PMID: 38804687 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241234346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to trauma elevates the risk of illness in women, resulting in increased healthcare costs. The trauma-informed care approach seeks to enhance patient engagement and promote more effective recovery for those with a history of psychological trauma. This qualitative systematic review aims to synthesize evidence related to the experiences of women receiving trauma-informed care using Sandelowski and Barroso's two-step approach for qualitative research synthesis. A comprehensive search was conducted across 10 electronic databases from their inception until September 2023, coupled with an extensive bibliography search of relevant studies and reviews. In total, eleven studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected: qualitative peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed studies in English with findings on the experiences of adult heterosexual women aged 19 to 64 years old who underwent various trauma-informed psychosocial interventions. From these studies, four main themes emerged, elucidating women's experiences as they engage with trauma-informed care: (a) Readiness to seek healing; (b) Healthcare providers: Extending the first hand; (c) An empowering paradigm shift; and (d) Better days ahead. Our major findings emphasize the importance of healthcare providers demonstrating sensitivity to trauma and culture, adopting a gender-sensitive approach, and taking a proactive stance in initiating discussions about trauma. Moreover, allocating more time for consultations, with an increased focus on building an initial rapport to ensure women's comfort, is also vital. The review further underscores the benefits of group sessions in aiding women's recovery from trauma. Ultimately, this review holds substantial implications for shaping future practices, emphasizing the critical necessity of personalized treatment plans.
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Coulter RWS, Szoko N, Frankeberger J, Adams B, Jones KA, Chugani CD, Anderson J, Talis J, McCauley HL, Miller E. Gender and Sexual Orientation Differences in Sexual Violence Knowledge, Prevention Behaviors, and Care-Seeking Behaviors. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2024; 25:590-602. [PMID: 38214789 PMCID: PMC11111351 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-023-01640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Sexual violence (SV) on college campuses disproportionately affects cisgender (nontransgender) women, sexual minorities (e.g., gays/lesbians, bisexuals), and gender minority (e.g., transgender/nonbinary) people. This study investigates gender and sexual behavior differences in common SV intervention targets-SV-related knowledge, prevention behaviors, and care-seeking. We analyzed cross-sectional survey data, collected in 9/2015-3/2017, from 2202 students aged 18-24 years attending college health and counseling centers at 28 Pennsylvania and West Virginia campuses. Multivariable multilevel models tested gender and sexual behavior differences in SV history; recognition of SV; prevention behaviors (self-efficacy to obtain sexual consent, intentions to intervene, positive bystander behaviors); and care-seeking behaviors (knowledge of, self-efficacy to use, and actual use of SV services). Adjusting for lifetime exposure to SV, compared with cisgender men, cisgender women had higher recognition of SV and reproductive coercion, prevention behaviors, and care-seeking self-efficacy (beta range 0.19-1.36) and gender minority people had higher recognition of SV and intentions to intervene (beta range 0.33-0.61). Cisgender men with any same-gender sexual partners had higher SV knowledge (beta = 0.23) and self-efficacy to use SV services (beta = 0.52) than cisgender men with only opposite-gender partners. SV history did not explain these differences. Populations most vulnerable to SV generally have higher SV knowledge, prevention behaviors, and care-seeking behaviors than cisgender men with only opposite-gender sexual partners. Innovative SV intervention approaches are necessary to increase SV-related knowledge among heterosexual cisgender men and may need to target alternative mechanisms to effectively reduce inequities for sexual and gender minority people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W S Coulter
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 120 Lytton Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Nicholas Szoko
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 120 Lytton Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jessica Frankeberger
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Brian Adams
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Kelley A Jones
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 120 Lytton Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Carla D Chugani
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 120 Lytton Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jocelyn Anderson
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 120 Lytton Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Janine Talis
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 120 Lytton Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Heather L McCauley
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 120 Lytton Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
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10
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Laliga-Mollá M, San Martín-Martínez C, Coll-Planas G, Medina-Martín R. Intimate partner violence in lesbian couples: A systematic review on the barriers to seeking help. JOURNAL OF LESBIAN STUDIES 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38685591 DOI: 10.1080/10894160.2024.2346422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The process of seeking help for violence in lesbian couples is complex due to the variety of factors and actors that can be involved. It is a process in which the women may or may not take action to ask for some kind of support, depending on the stage at which they find themselves. However, even though women may realise that they are in a situation of mistreatment or abuse in their relationship with their partner or ex-partner, there may be barriers that hinder them from seeking help. This paper presents a systematic review of the barriers that lesbian women encounter in seeking help or accessing support systems when they are victims of intimate partner violence. Out of 139 studies reviewed, 120 were selected for further review, and 8 studies meeting the methodological inclusion criteria were finally selected. The results of this research show that psycho-social and legal barriers exist, which, within a system of oppression - heterosexist society - do not occur in isolation, but are inter-related, making it difficult for lesbian women victims of intimate partner violence to seek help or access support services. This review finds limitations in the literature reviewed and makes recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerard Coll-Planas
- Departament of Communication, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rocío Medina-Martín
- Departament of Political Science and Public Law, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Yan E, Lo IPY, Sun R, Chan ASW, Ng HKL, Wu A. Intimate Partner Violence Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Hong Kong. LGBT Health 2024. [PMID: 38563664 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2023.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study investigated the prevalence rates of various types of intimate partner violence (IPV) among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults in Hong Kong and examined the associations between IPV and different addictive behavior and mental health problems. Methods: A total of 759 LGB adults completed an online cross-sectional survey between November 2021 and February 2022. Data on past-year IPV and LGB-specific tactics (whether perpetrated or experienced by participants), addictive behavior, anxiety, depression, and demographics were collected and analyzed with descriptive statistics and logistic regressions. Results: Psychological aggression was the most common type of IPV within an LGB relationship (22.1%), followed by physical assault (10.8%) and IPV-related injury (4.1%). LGB-specific tactics were experienced by 39.0% of the LGB adults. Depression, anxiety, and frequent gambling were significantly associated with specific types of IPV and LGB-specific tactics. Conclusion: IPV was prevalent in the LGB population. Findings on correlates provided insights for future development of IPV detection and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsie Yan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Iris Po Yee Lo
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rongwei Sun
- School of Arts and Humanities, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alex Siu Wing Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Haze Ka Lai Ng
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Anise Wu
- Department of Psychology, University of Macao, Macao, Macao
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12
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Whitton SW, Devlin EA, Lawlace M, Newcomb ME. Disclosure and Help-Seeking Experiences of Sexual and Gender Minority Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: A Mixed-Methods Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:1373-1397. [PMID: 37882155 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231207618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minorities assigned female at birth (SGM-AFAB) experience high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV), with negative effects on health and well-being. Disclosure of and help-seeking for IPV can support the well-being of IPV survivors, yet are understudied among SGM-AFAB people. To better understand the IPV disclosure and help-seeking experiences in this population, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 41 SGM-AFAB young adults who experienced physical, sexual, or severe psychological IPV. Qualitative analyses explored to whom SGM-AFAB disclosed IPV, barriers to disclosure/help-seeking, the types of responses received, and perceived helpfulness of responses. Exploratory mixed methods analyses assessed frequency of code endorsement, demographic differences, and associations among codes. Three-quarters of participants disclosed IPV, though rates were lower for sexual and physical than psychological IPV and very few sought help from formal sources. The most common barriers to disclosure were not viewing the IPV as abuse and anticipation of negative responses, often due to stigma; other participants described inability to access formal help and concerns about SGM incompetence in those services. Most actual responses received were considered helpful, including emotional support, labeling the IPV as unhealthy, nonjudgmental listening, actions to stop the IPV, and practical support. Minimizing IPV or criticizing the victim was common unhelpful response; advice to end the relationship was considered helpful and unhelpful. Whereas 92% of friend responses were described as helpful, around half of family (56%) and therapist (62%) responses were helpful. Findings suggest that efforts to increase access to culturally affirmative services and educate SGM youth to recognize IPV in their relationships may help promote help-seeking and well-being among SGM-AFAB IPV survivors.
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Kennedy AC, Prock KA, Adams AE, Littwin A, Meier E, Saba J, Vollinger L. Can This Provider Be Trusted? A Review of the Role of Trustworthiness in the Provision of Community-Based Services for Intimate Partner Violence Survivors. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:982-999. [PMID: 37132638 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231168641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
While there is a growing literature on intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors and service providers, it is limited by its largely atheoretical and descriptive nature, and its emphasis on individual-level survivors' help-seeking. We seek to broaden our understanding by shifting the focus onto organizations and service systems and introducing the concept of these providers' trustworthiness toward survivors. Provider trustworthiness in delivering services includes benevolence (locally available and caring), fairness (accessible to all and non-discriminatory), and competence (acceptable and effective in meeting survivors' needs). Guided by this conceptualization, we conducted an integrative review drawing on four databases: PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, and Westlaw. We identified studies for inclusion that were published between January 2005 and March 2022, and we examined the trustworthiness of community-based providers serving adult IPV survivors in the United States, including domestic violence services, health and mental health care, the legal system, and economic support services (N = 114). Major findings include (1) many survivors live in communities with no shelter beds, mental health care, or affordable housing; (2) many services are inaccessible because they lack, for example, bilingual staff, sliding fees, or telehealth options; (3) too many providers are harmful or discriminatory toward survivors, especially those who are, for example, sexual or gender minorities, immigrants or non-English-speaking, poor, or Native, Black, or Latinx; (4) many providers appear to be incompetent, lack evidence-based training, and are ineffective in meeting survivors' needs. We call on researchers, advocates, and providers to examine provider trustworthiness, and we offer an introduction to measuring it.
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Waterman EA, McLain M, Zulfiqar H, Ahmar Qadeer T, Ciavoi SM. The Link Between Intimate Partner Violence and Food Insecurity: A Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Studies. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:1511-1530. [PMID: 37485673 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231186152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) and food insecurity are global health issues that affect millions of people worldwide. Numerous studies show that IPV and food insecurity are linked; however, there is a lack of synthesis of this research. Using a systematic search and review, we examined the international quantitative and qualitative research published on the link between IPV and food insecurity. We searched for peer-reviewed, English-language articles with participants above the age of 16 in 4 large online databases. Fifty-six studies were included from around the world that discussed the link between food insecurity and IPV perpetration and/or victimization. We found evidence in both qualitative and quantitative studies for a meaningful connection between these two global health isues. We also reviewed the literature on moderators and mediators (e.g., mental health). Our findings indicate the importance of implementing IPV prevention strategies which also address household food insecurity, and the potential for food insecurity resources to provide IPV resources. Future research should focus more frequently on IPV perpetration as opposed to victimization, and further examine the moderating and mediating mechanisms that inform the link between IPV and food insecurity.
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15
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Seiger KW, McNamara B, Berrahou IK. Gynecologic Care for Sexual and Gender Minority Patients. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2024; 51:17-41. [PMID: 38267126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer individuals, are a diverse population with a wide spectrum of gynecologic needs. Institutionalized cisheteronormativity, stigmatization, lack of provider training, and fear of discrimination contribute to health disparities in this patient population. In this article, we review key topics in the gynecologic care of SGM patients and provide strategies to enable gynecologists to provide SGM people with equitable and inclusive full spectrum reproductive health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra W Seiger
- Yale University School of Medicine, 367 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Blair McNamara
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Iman K Berrahou
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208063, Suite 302 FMB, New Haven, CT 06520-806, USA.
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Oueis J, McKie RM, Reissing ED. A Qualitative Account of Coping Following Non-Consensual Sexual Experiences among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024; 61:414-426. [PMID: 37310380 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2220694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sexual consent among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) has not been thoroughly documented in the academic literature. Research has suggested that GBMSM incur a greater risk for experiencing non-consensual sexual experiences (NSEs) compared to heterosexual, cis-gendered men. Despite the high prevalence of NSEs impacting this population, little research has been conducted on how GBMSM cope after NSEs. The purpose of this study was to examine how GBMSM cope following NSEs. Responses were analyzed from 206 GBMSM, aged 18-77 (M = 31.84), recruited across Canada. Participants completed an online survey, answering open-ended questions on experiences of NSEs and how they coped afterward. Guidelines for thematic analysis were followed to analyze the responses, indicating that GBMSM cope both maladaptively (e.g., avoidance, withdrawal from social networks and sexual relationships) and adaptively (e.g., seeking therapy, social support) following NSEs. Some participants were affected by and needed to cope with their NSEs over a longer term (e.g., ongoing rumination, enjoying sexual and intimate relationships less). Participants used a range of coping skills and showed openness to reach out for help from formal and informal sources, but also noted that resources were not always accessible or culturally sensitive to GBMSM's needs. Responses are discussed in the context of barriers to effective coping, such as perceptions of masculinity and maladaptive sexual scripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Oueis
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa
| | - Raymond M McKie
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa
| | - Elke D Reissing
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa
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Adhia A, Pugh D, Lucas R, Rogers M, Kelley J, Bekemeier B. Improving School Environments for Preventing Sexual Violence Among LGBTQ+ Youth. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2024; 94:243-250. [PMID: 37859302 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual violence (SV) is a serious public health concern, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and questioning (LGBTQ+) youth report higher rates than their heterosexual and cisgender peers. This qualitative study aimed to understand LGBTQ+ students' perspectives on how middle and high school environments can better prevent and address SV. METHODS In partnership with a school-based LGBTQ+ support group in Washington State, we recruited 31 LGTBQ+ students ages 13-18 for virtual interviews (n = 24) and for providing text-based answers to interview questions (n = 7). We used inductive thematic analysis to analyze data and identify themes. RESULTS To prevent and respond to SV, students highlighted schools having: (1) access to gender-neutral spaces; (2) LGBTQ+ competency training for staff; (3) enforcement of school policies (eg, SV, anti-bullying) and accountability; (4) LGBTQ+-competent mental health support; and (5) comprehensive sexual health education that addresses LGBTQ+ relationships and SV. IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY Students expressed the need for changes in school physical and social environments to address SV among LGBTQ+ youth. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating youth perspectives, particularly LGBTQ+ youth at high risk of SV, can help schools implement strategies that are supported by youth and thus potentially more sustainable and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanti Adhia
- Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Dylan Pugh
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ruby Lucas
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Northwest Center for Public Health Practice, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Megan Rogers
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Northwest Center for Public Health Practice, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jessi Kelley
- Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Northwest Center for Public Health Practice, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Betty Bekemeier
- Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Northwest Center for Public Health Practice, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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18
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Olaseni AO, Oguntayo R, Nel JA. Mediating role of emotional suppression in the relationship between psychological factors and intimate partner violence among couples with mixed-romantic orientations. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2024; 31:38-47. [PMID: 37724445 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2023.2258505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is considered a serious public health concern among couples, regardless of the sexual orientation. However, there is a dearth of data about the determining factors of IPV among couples with mixed-romantic orientations, and not much is known about the role that intra-psychic factors play in the relationship between psychological factors and IPV. Therefore, the study set out to examine the mediating role of emotional suppression in the relationship between psychological factors and IPV among couples with mixed-romantic orientations in Nigeria. The study adopted a correlational research design. A total of 241 respondents (61.4% identified as heterosexual and 38.6% as bisexual) in mixed-romantic orientation marriages, were engaged using respondents-driven sampling. Outcomes revealed that emotional suppression (indirectly) mediated the relationship between depressive symptoms [c'-path analysis; b = .029, t(240) = 108, p = <.01; bootstrap =.0573-1715], anxiety [c'-path analysis; b = .027, t(240) = -0.044, p = <.05; bootstrap = .108-.004], stress [c'-path analysis; b = 0.019, t(240) = 0.057, p = <.001; bootstrap = .0247-.0992] and IPV among couples with mixed-romantic orientations. It was concluded that emotional suppression directly and indirectly mediated the relationship between psychological factors and IPV. Recommendations and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Olaseni
- Department of Psychology, College of Human Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria, South Africa
| | - R Oguntayo
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Social Sciences and Administrations, Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez, Juarez, Mexico
| | - J A Nel
- Department of Psychology, College of Human Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria, South Africa
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19
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Sinko L, Ghazal LV, Fauer A, Wheldon CW. It takes more than rainbows: Supporting sexual and gender minority patients with trauma-informed cancer care. Cancer 2024; 130:507-516. [PMID: 38009962 PMCID: PMC11132316 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The American Society of Clinical Oncology has called for an increased priority to improve cancer care for sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations because of heightened risk of receiving disparate treatment and having suboptimal experiences, including perceived discrimination. We demonstrate how integrating trauma-informed care (TIC) principles across the cancer continuum is a key strategy to improving care delivery and outcomes among SGM populations. METHOD This empirically informed perspective expands on the concepts generated through the American Society of Clinical Oncology position statement and uses the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Association's "Four Rs" Toward Trauma Informed Care: Realize, Recognize, Response, and Resist Traumatization. RESULTS Recommendations for each component of TIC include: (1) Realize: Implement SGM cultural humility training, including modules on SGM-specific trauma, discrimination, harassment, and violence; (2) Recognize: Routinely screen for emotional distress using methods to ensure privacy, and/or normalize mental health screenings to cancer patients; (3) Respond: Create and widely disseminate policies and patients' rights that prohibit discrimination and ensure access to gender-neutral clinical environments; and (4) Resist Traumatization: Establish and respond to quality metrics (e.g., standardized patients, patient satisfaction surveys) that are informed by a community advisory board with the purpose of ensuring and maintaining quality care. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Integrating TIC principles into cancer care for SGM populations is crucial to address disparities in treatment and clinical outcomes. Our recommendations offer practical approaches for oncology teams to implement TIC care and ensure equitable and inclusive cancer care for patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sinko
- Department of Nursing, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren V Ghazal
- University of Rochester School of Nursing and Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Alex Fauer
- Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing at UC Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Christopher W Wheldon
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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20
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Hahn C, Tilstra-Ferrell E, Salim S, Goodrum N, Rheingold A, Gilmore AK, Barber S, Moreland A. Web-Based Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment for Traumatic Stress and Alcohol Misuse Among Survivors of Sexual Assault and Intimate Partner Violence: Usability and Acceptability Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e49557. [PMID: 38358791 PMCID: PMC10905344 DOI: 10.2196/49557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual assault (SA) are at a high risk for traumatic stress and alcohol misuse. IPV and SA survivors face barriers to services for traumatic stress and alcohol misuse and have low service utilization rates. One way to increase access to services for this population is the use of web-based screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT), an evidence-informed approach for early identification of traumatic stress and alcohol and drug misuse and connecting individuals to treatment. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the usability and acceptability of a web-based SBIRT called CHAT (Choices For Your Health After Trauma) tailored to address traumatic stress and alcohol misuse following past-year IPV, SA, or both. METHODS Phase 1 involved gathering feedback about usability and acceptability from focus groups with victim service professionals (22/52, 42%) and interviews with past-year survivors of IPV, SA, or both (13/52, 25%). Phase 2 involved gathering feedback about the acceptability of an adapted version of CHAT in an additional sample of recent survivors (17/52, 33%). Survey data on history of IPV and SA, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, alcohol and drug use, and service use were collected from survivors in both phases to characterize the samples. Qualitative content and thematic analyses of the interviews and focus group data were conducted using a coding template analysis comprising 6 a priori themes (usability, visual design, user engagement, content, therapeutic persuasiveness, and therapeutic alliance). RESULTS Six themes emerged during the focus groups and interviews related to CHAT: usability, visual design, user engagement, content, therapeutic persuasiveness, and therapeutic alliance. Phase 1 providers and survivors viewed CHAT as acceptable, easy to understand, and helpful. Participants reported that the intervention could facilitate higher engagement in this population as the web-based modality is anonymous, easily accessible, and brief. Participants offered helpful suggestions for improving CHAT by updating images, increasing content personalization, reducing text, and making users aware that the intervention is confidential. The recommendations of phase 1 participants were incorporated into CHAT. Phase 2 survivors viewed the revised intervention and found it highly acceptable (mean 4.1 out of 5, SD 1.29). A total of 4 themes encapsulated participant's favorite aspects of CHAT: (1) content and features, (2) accessible and easy to use, (3) education, and (4) personalization. Six survivors denied disliking any aspect. The themes on recommended changes included content and features, brevity, personalization, and language access. Participants provided dissemination recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Overall, CHAT was acceptable among victim service professionals and survivors. Positive reactions to CHAT show promise for future research investigating the efficacy and potential benefit of CHAT when integrated into services for people with traumatic stress and alcohol misuse after recent IPV and SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Emily Tilstra-Ferrell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Selime Salim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Nada Goodrum
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Alyssa Rheingold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Amanda K Gilmore
- Department of Health Policy & Behavioral Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sara Barber
- South Carolina Coalition Against Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Angela Moreland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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21
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Shyrokonis Y, Peitzmeier S, Ward M, Fedina L, Tolman R, Herrenkohl TI. Help-Seeking and Service Utilization Among Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence in Michigan During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Violence Against Women 2024:10778012231222491. [PMID: 38317289 DOI: 10.1177/10778012231222491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
This study explores formal and informal intimate partner violence (IPV) service use among women and transgender/nonbinary individuals in the state of Michigan during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 14.8% (N = 173) of participants experienced IPV during this period, and 70% utilized at least one formal IPV service (13.3%). Up to 22% of survivors reported wanting to seek formal help but not doing so due to fear of partner reprisal, contracting COVID-19, or COVID-related service reductions. White, pregnant, and part-time-employed survivors were most likely to seek informal help. Older, higher-income, white, part-time-employed, pregnant, and non-essential worker survivors were most likely to seek formal help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Shyrokonis
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Malorie Ward
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Lisa Fedina
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rich Tolman
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Nason JA, Moylan CA, Nelson A, Munro-Kramer ML, Fedewa T, Campbell R. Pranks, Obscene Chatters, and Ambiguous Content: Exploring the Identification and Navigation of Inappropriate Messages to a Web-Based Sexual Assault Hotline. JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 2024; 33:183-203. [PMID: 38358248 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2024.2319084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Sexual assault crisis hotlines provide crucial support for survivors. Though some hotline users engage in inappropriate conduct (e.g. prank or obscene calls), few studies explore these interactions. To address the lack of literature exploring inappropriate hotline interactions, we conducted a secondary data analysis of chat transcripts (n = 233) shared with the research team as part of the formative evaluation of a university-based sexual assault program's web-based crisis hotline. From those transcripts, we analyzed potentially inappropriate interactions (n = 38), most of which (n = 28) hotline responders flagged as inappropriate in post-chat log forms. We used codebook thematic analysis to explore how hotline responders identified and navigated these interactions. Our analysis generated three themes describing the processes through which responders seemed to identify potentially inappropriate chats - detecting implausibly graphic and abusive content, identifying patterns of presumably inauthentic chat topics, and interpreting ambiguous content. Hotline responders seemed to navigate ambiguous and less egregious boundary violations by gently redirecting conversations, and addressed clearer violations by setting firm, direct boundaries. Chatters responded to boundary setting by desisting and disconnecting or attempting to reengage responders. Findings highlight ambiguities and challenges web-based sexual assault hotline responders face and suggest a need for additional responder support, training, and debriefing options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abbie Nelson
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Tana Fedewa
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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23
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Marrow E, Malik M, Pantalone DW, Peitzmeier S. Power and control, resistance and survival: A systematic review and meta-synthesis of the qualitative literature on intimate partner violence against transgender individuals. Soc Sci Med 2024; 342:116498. [PMID: 38227997 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Transgender (trans) individuals experience intimate partner violence (IPV) at elevated levels compared to cisgender individuals. Traditional theoretical understandings of IPV as men's patriarchal domination of women, and later, broader theories in which IPV is conceptualized as the relatively privileged partner enacting domination over the relatively oppressed partner, do not fully capture the totality of IPV experiences, including how IPV is perpetrated against trans individuals. We conducted a systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis of the qualitative and theoretical literatures on IPV against trans individuals (N = 37 articles and books) to generate novel IPV theory inclusive of trans individuals' experiences. We identified five major themes: (1) societal context of IPV, (2) IPV tactics and types, (3) help-seeking, (4) consequences of IPV, and (5) proposed interventions for victims. Synthesizing across themes, we offer a novel theoretical model that demonstrates how abusers can leverage structural discrimination and vulnerabilities against trans victims, regardless of the abuser's own identities. We identify individual power and control tactics abusers use, including identifying a category of IPV that we term leveraging vulnerability, which involves abusers weaponizing their own vulnerabilities to avoid accountability. Reducing IPV in trans communities requires expanding current IPV theory to include trans victims, recognition of a wider range of abuse tactics, and structural interventions that promote the respectful treatment of trans individuals. Our theoretical model of IPV "centers the margins" to make trans victims' experiences, and indeed all victims whose experiences fall outside normative scripts, more legible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Marrow
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, United States.
| | - Mannat Malik
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina, United States
| | - David W Pantalone
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, United States; The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah Peitzmeier
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, United States
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24
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Scott SE, Lavage DR, Risser L, Gonzalez Bockinski S, Miller E, Ragavan MI. Economic Abuse and Help-Seeking Intentions Among Adolescents. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:107-132. [PMID: 37599430 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231194640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Economic adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) includes coercive behaviors leading to interference with education, employment, and finances. To date, no study has examined help seeking among adolescents and young adults if they were to experience economic ARA. The goals of this article include examining: (a) help-seeking intentions of adolescents regarding economic ARA; (b) help-seeking sources and reasons for not seeking help; and (c) differences in help-seeking intentions based on age, race/ethnicity, gender identity, and experiences of economic ARA. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of adolescents ages 13-19 focused on economic ARA experiences and help seeking. We performed descriptive statistics of help-seeking intentions, sources, and barriers. We utilized logistic regression, adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, and gender identity, to explore associations between economic ARA victimization and help-seeking intentions. Of 2,852 participants, 56% said they would seek help for economic ARA. Adolescents with positive help-seeking intentions shared that they would seek help from their parents (43%) or friends (35%). Those less likely to seek help were concerned about others finding out (32%), not being believed (31%), or authority figures being notified (31%). Help-seeking intentions were lower among Black/African American adolescents (aOR = 0.55, CI [0.43, 0.70]) and Multiracial adolescents (aOR = 0.26, CI [0.16, 0.42]) compared to White adolescents. Help-seeking intentions were higher among gender diverse adolescents (aOR = 5.78, CI [2.98, 11.22]) and those ages 15-17 years (aOR = 1.84, CI [1.36, 2.47]) compared to those identifying as female and ages 18-19 years. Help-seeking intentions were lower among adolescents who experienced economic ARA (aOR = 0.61, CI [0.51, 0.72]). While the majority of adolescents reported that they would seek help if they experienced economic ARA, those who had experienced economic ARA were less likely to report intentions to seek help. Supportive interventions for adolescents experiencing economic ARA are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Scott
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | | | - Lauren Risser
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
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Chen M. "Are You-?" "Are You?" Queer Advocacy at Contemporary Neoliberal Rape Crisis Centers. Violence Against Women 2023; 29:3072-3100. [PMID: 37545388 DOI: 10.1177/10778012231192606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Antirape scholarship has largely focused on survivors and their needs. However, little is known about victim advocates, who support survivors, and how advocates' identities can affect their work. This article draws on semistructured interviews with 23 LGBTQ+ advocates to explore how they navigate their sexual, gender, and racial identities at rape crisis centers today. Results show that LGBTQ+ advocates choose the ways that their sexual and gender identities are visible or invisible at their agency, usually to improve LGBTQ+ survivor services. By examining LGBTQ+ advocacy, this article critically evaluates normativity in antirape work and advocates for a queer transformation of rape victim services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Chen
- Department of Women's and Gender Studies, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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Corey J, Duggan M, Travers Á. Risk and Protective Factors for Intimate Partner Violence Against Bisexual Victims: A Systematic Scoping Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:2130-2142. [PMID: 35435063 PMCID: PMC10486155 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221084749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bisexual-identifying individuals appear to be at increased risk of experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) compared to people of other sexualities. The purpose of this systematic scoping review was to examine risk and protective factors for the perpetration of IPV against bisexual victims and to provide a preliminary quality assessment of the included studies. A systematic search of academic and grey literature was conducted in February 2021. Inclusion criteria specified that study participants identified as bisexual, that the study examined risk or protective factors for IPV, and that findings were disaggregated by sexual identity. All potentially eligible references were independently screened by two reviewers, and conflicts settled by a third reviewer. Nine articles published between 2013 and 2021 met criteria for inclusion. Data extraction was completed for all included studies, and findings presented in a narrative synthesis. The review identified a number of risk factors, including bisexual identity, internalised homophobia, discrimination, partner gender, negative childhood experiences and non-monogamy. One study included consideration of a potentially protective factor. The majority of the included studies were cross-sectional in design. More longitudinal studies are needed to clarify temporality of the associations identified and better inform support and prevention efforts. Further implications for future research, policies and practise are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Corey
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Marian Duggan
- School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Áine Travers
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Grocott LR, Avery K, Medenblik AM, Romero G, Edwards KM, Stuart GL, Shorey RC. Reactions to Participation in Research on Violence Experiences and Minority Stress Among Sexual and Gender Minority Young Adults. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:10009-10030. [PMID: 37119023 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231169756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Given the growing body of research seeking to examine adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and intimate partner violence (IPV) among sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals, Institutional Review Boards must consider whether participating in violence research is emotionally distressing for SGM people. Yet, little research has studied SGM participants' reactions to participating in research on ACEs, IPV, and minority stress. Thus, the current study examined reactions, including negative emotional reactions, to participating in violence research among SGM young adults. In total, 230 participants who self-identified as a sexual minority (30.1% also identified as a gender minority) in a dating relationship completed a cross-sectional assessment on ACEs, IPV (including identity abuse victimization and perpetration), minority stress (i.e., internalized homo/bi/transphobia), and reactions to research participation. Results indicated that participants identifying as a gender minority had significantly higher negative emotional reactions to study participation compared to cisgender participants, but this increase among gender minority individuals was small. In addition, gender minority participants and those with higher minority stress (i.e., internalized trans/bi/homo-negativity) and ACEs reported significantly higher negative emotional reactions to participation. Furthermore, gender minority participants scored worse on a scale indicating appreciation for contributing to research. Finally, reporting IPV victimization and perpetration was not associated with negative emotional reactions. Findings suggest that questions assessing minority stress and negative childhood experiences may be more emotionally salient or stressful for gender minority participants compared to questions measuring IPV.
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Klepper M, Deng A, Sherman ADF, Lawrence C, Ling C, Talbert S, Bower KM. LGBTQI+ representation in pre-licensure nursing textbooks: A qualitative descriptive analysis. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2023; 127:105858. [PMID: 37247591 PMCID: PMC10347700 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve health equity, nursing curricula should include content specific to the needs of marginalized and underserved communities, such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex groups (LGBTQI+). Harmful and absent academic discussions of LGBTQI+ patients lead to provider discomfort and inadequacy in treating this patient population. Nursing schools are well-positioned to increase comfort with LGBTQI+ content as part of pre-licensure curricula. This article presents a systematic evaluation of LGBTQI+ content in nursing pre-licensure textbooks and the nature and quality of the representations. METHODS A qualitative descriptive analysis of LGBTQI+ content from 14 nursing-specific textbooks required by a pre-licensure degree program at the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing was conducted by a student-led team with faculty oversight. A priori and iterative search terms were used to identify and extract text segments that referenced LGBTQI+ content in each textbook. An iterative codebook was developed, codes were applied, and analysis of the information and context in which the terms were presented was performed. RESULTS The research team observed gaps and notable patterns in distribution of LGBTQI+ terms and health content areas across the textbooks reviewed. The majority of LGBTQI+ search terms were identified in the following health content areas: social determinants of health, sexual/reproductive health, pediatric sexual & gender diversity, intersectionality, and infectious disease. Based on qualitative descriptive analyses, the data were organized into the following categories: a) Language; b) Medicalization; c) Vague, Incomplete, or Lacking Specificity; and d) Comprehensive Approach. CONCLUSION Findings highlight the need for increased academic exposure for pre-licensure nursing students regarding the care of LGBTQI+ patients. Thoughtful inclusion of LGBTQI+ content may better foster the delivery of evidence-based care for this patient population. These findings underscore the need for improved nursing curricula to support nurses in delivering affirming care for LGBTQI+ populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Klepper
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Angie Deng
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Athena D F Sherman
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Carissa Lawrence
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Catherine Ling
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Sierra Talbert
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Kelly M Bower
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Pijlman V, Eichelsheim V, Pemberton A, de Waardt M. "Sometimes It Seems Easier to Push It Away": A Study Into the Barriers to Help-Seeking for Victims of Sexual Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:7530-7555. [PMID: 36710513 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221147064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Experiencing sexual violence may have serious long-term consequences for victims. Seeking help may decrease the chances of developing long-term physical and psychosocial problems. Still not every victim seeks help, and especially with victimization of sexual violence, there may be several reasons as to why. The barriers to help-seeking are diverse and may depend on several contextual factors. This study, as part of a larger research project, aimed to determine the barriers that victims of sexual violence experience in their decision to seek help in a non-college setting. This mixed-methods study included an online survey (N = 133) and open-ended survey (N = 207) amongst victims of 18 years and older. The online survey data were analyzed using chi-square tests for independence and t-tests; the open-ended survey data were analyzed using a descriptive approach. The online survey data showed that minimization of the incident was higher for non-help-seekers, whilst distrust toward support providers and issues with the accessibility of help were higher for help-seekers. No further significant associations were found between the decision to seek help and the barriers to help-seeking. From the open-ended survey data, three categories of barriers were distinguished: (a) individual barriers, such as feelings of shame, (b) interpersonal barriers, such as the fear of negative social reactions and (c) sociocultural barriers, such as societal stereotypes regarding sexual violence. The findings suggest that victims experience various, but primarily individual, barriers to help-seeking and that these barriers do not strongly differ between help-seekers and non-help-seekers. This study highlights the importance of addressing barriers to help-seeking on an organizational and societal level to encourage help-seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Pijlman
- Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Veroni Eichelsheim
- Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Antony Pemberton
- Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Leuven Institute of Criminology (LINC), Belgium
| | - Mijke de Waardt
- Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR), Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Stephenson R, Washington C, Darbes LA, Hightow-Weidman L, Sullivan P, Gamarel KE. Sexual Relationship Violence Among Young, Partnered Sexual Minority Men in the United States. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:7804-7823. [PMID: 36636966 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221149091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
While there has been a growth in studies examining sexual violence among sexual minority men, little research attention has been paid to the experience of sexual violence among young sexual minority men (YSMM). In this article we analyze secondary data from the baseline of a pilot randomized control trial with 318 YSMM aged 15 to 24 years in the United States who were in relationships with other males to examine the associations between sexual minority-specific stigma and sociodemographic and relationship characteristics and experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual IPV in their relationships. Approximately one-in-five participants reported experiencing any form of IPV and 6% reported sexual IPV in their current relationship. Participants who reported sexual minority-specific familial rejection (Adjusted Odds Rato (aOR) = 2.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.03, 5.26], p < .05), internalized heterosexism (aOR = 3.17, 95% CI [1.45, 6.95], p < .01), and housing insecurity (aOR = 7.22, 95% CI [1.66, 31.34], p < .01) reported higher odds of sexual IPV in their relationship. Study findings point to the role of multiple sexual minority-specific forms of stigma in creating vulnerabilities for the experience of sexual IPV among YSMM, and highlight the need for continued research and interventions that address sexual minority-specific stigma and structural vulnerabilities to guide violence prevention efforts with YSMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Stephenson
- University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Lynae A Darbes
- University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Patrick Sullivan
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristi E Gamarel
- University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Walsh AR, Stephenson R. Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Denial and Underreporting in Cisgender Male Couples. INTERVENCION PSICOSOCIAL 2023; 32:109-121. [PMID: 37383641 PMCID: PMC10294463 DOI: 10.5093/pi2023a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators often deny their actions, limiting opportunities for intervention. Cisgender male couples experience similar IPV rates to mixed-gender couples, yet less is known about how men in same-sex relationships deny or report their IPV behavior. This study aimed to describe perpetration denial across emotional, monitoring/controlling, and physical/sexual IPV, and to identify correlates of perpetration denial, in a convenience sample of male couples (N = 848; United States, 2016-2017). Past-year victimization and perpetration were measured with the IPV-Gay and Bisexual Men (GBM) scale; perpetration deniers were men whose self-reported perpetration contradicted their partner's reported victimization. Individual-, partner-, and dyadic-correlates of perpetration denial, by IPV-type, were identified using actor-partner interdependence models. We identified 663 (78.2%) perpetrators: 527 emotional; 490 monitoring/controlling; 267 physical/sexual. Thirty-six percent of physical/sexual-, 27.7% of emotional-, and 21.43% of monitoring/controlling-perpetrators categorically denied their actions. Depression was negatively associated with denying monitoring/controlling-perpetration (odds ratio 95% confidence interval: 0.91 [0.84, 0.99]) and physical/sexual-perpetration (0.91 [0.83, 0.97]); dyadic differences in depression were associated with emotional-perpetration denial (0.95 [0.90, 0.99]). Recent substance users had 46% lower odds of monitoring/controlling-denial (0.54 [0.32, 0.92]), versus non-users. Partner-race and employment were also significantly associated with emotional perpetration denial. This study highlights IPV denial's complexities, including differences across IPV types. Further investigations into how cisgender men in same-sex couples perceive and report various types of IPV perpetration will provide valuable insight into how an underserved and understudied population experiences IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison R. Walsh
- University of MichiganCenter for Sexuality and Health DisparitiesAnn ArborUSACenter for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Rob Stephenson
- University of MichiganCenter for Sexuality and Health DisparitiesAnn ArborUSACenter for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Scheer JR, Lawlace M, Cascalheira CJ, Newcomb ME, Whitton SW. Help-Seeking for Severe Intimate Partner Violence Among Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents and Young Adults Assigned Female at birth: A Latent Class Analysis. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:6723-6750. [PMID: 36472356 PMCID: PMC10050117 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221137711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minority adolescents and young adults assigned female at birth (SGM-AFAB) report high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization. Despite adverse health outcomes of IPV, many survivors, particularly SGM-AFAB, do not seek help. This study (1) examined the proportion of SGM-AFAB who reported severe IPV victimization who sought help; (2) elucidated patterns of help-seeking facilitators and barriers; and (3) identified associations between sociodemographic characteristics, IPV victimization types, and minority stressors and latent classes of help-seeking facilitators and barriers. Participants included 193 SGM-AFAB (Mage = 20.6, SD = 3.4; 65.8% non-monosexual; 73.1% cisgender; 72.5% racial/ethnic minority; 16.6% annual household income $20,000 or less). Most participants who experienced severe IPV did not seek help (62.2%). Having a person or provider who was aware of the participant's abusive relationship was the most common reason for seeking help (50; 68.5%). Minimizing IPV was the most common reason for not seeking help (103; 87.3%). Fewer than 5% of SGM-AFAB who experienced severe IPV and who did not seek help reported SGM-specific help-seeking barriers, including not wanting to contribute to negative perceptions of the LGBTQ community, not disclosing their SGM status, and perceiving a lack of tailored services. Help-seeking facilitators and barriers varied by sociodemographic characteristics. Three classes of help-seeking facilitators and two classes of help-seeking barriers emerged. SGM-AFAB subgroups based on sexual and gender identity, recent coercive control, and identity as IPV victims differed in latent classes. This study's findings confirm SGM-AFAB IPV survivors' low likelihood of seeking help. Our results also underscore the importance of continuing to bolster SGM-AFAB survivors' access to trauma-informed, culturally sensitive, and affirming support. Further, multilevel prevention and intervention efforts are needed to reduce minimization of abuse and anticipatory judgment and blame among SGM-AFAB who hold multiple marginalized identities, experience coercive control, and identify as IPV victims.
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Bedera N, Nordmeyer K, Holland KJ. "I Could Never Tell My Parents": Barriers to Queer Women's College Sexual Assault Disclosure to Family Members. Violence Against Women 2023; 29:800-816. [PMID: 35938472 DOI: 10.1177/10778012221101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Queer women are at high risk of college sexual victimization, but they face barriers to formal support services. As a result, informal support is critical. This study uses data from 40 open-ended interviews to explore family members' reactions to queer women's disclosures and examine whether their family is a reliable source of informal support. Findings indicate that family reactions are often more harmful than helpful. In comparison to research focused on heterosexual survivors, we find family reactions to be more extreme and disparaging of queer survivors' sexual identities. In fact, family members' negative reactions may pose barriers to accessing formal services.
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O'Connor J, Ganson KT, Ladonice S, Cardenas I. Patterns of Violence Victimization and Disclosure Among Transgender/Gender Nonconforming and Cisgender Latinx College Students. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:6017-6037. [PMID: 36197008 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221127217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although research on sexual violence experiences of minoritized college students has increased in recent years, little is known about the experiences of Latinx students. Even less knowledge is available on whether such violence and disclosure experiences vary by gender identity. The present study addressed this gap by exploring the rates of sexual violence and disclosure patterns after experiences of sexual violence among Latinx college students. Using data from the 2019-2020 Healthy Minds Study, a national sample of Latinx college students was analyzed (n = 6,690). Descriptive statistics, χ2 tests, and one-way analyses of variance were conducted to explore differences in gender identity, sexual violence victimization, and disclosure type. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the association between (1) gender identity and sexual violence victimization and (2) gender identity and sexual violence disclosure while controlling for various sociodemographic measures. Results indicated sexual violence victimization occurred at significantly higher rates among transgender/gender nonconforming and cisgender women Latinx students, compared to cisgender men. Transgender/gender nonconforming students who experienced sexual violence were significantly less likely to make any disclosure of sexual violence when compared to cisgender men. These findings highlight the extent to which experiences of sexual violence among Latinx students differ based on their gender identity. It also brings attention to the need for campus programming to attend to students who often face structural barriers because of their intersecting identities, specifically transgender/gender nonconforming Latinx students.
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Bourne A, Amos N, Donovan C, Carman M, Parsons M, Lusby S, Lyons A, Hill AO. Naming and Recognition of Intimate Partner Violence and Family of Origin Violence Among LGBTQ Communities in Australia. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:4589-4615. [PMID: 36036557 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221119722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dominant framings of intimate partner violence (IPV) construct the experience as one where a cisgender man enacts violence against a cisgender woman. While often the case, this framing obfuscates the experiences of people who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender diverse, or queer (LGBTQ) and may challenge their ability to conceive of their relationship-based experiences as abusive or violent. The extent to which hostile experiences from family of origin violence (FOV) members are conceived or named as violence is also unclear. A large, online, national survey of LGBTQ adults separately assessed experiences of IPV and FOV in two ways: a direct question relating to abuse from a partner/s or family member/s, and a second question (asked irrespective of the previous answer) which sought to establish experience of a nuanced list of abusive acts that can constitute violence (including emotional abuse, LGBTQ-specific forms of violence, and enforced social isolation). Following comparison of responses, multiple regression analyses were performed to assess variation by demographic characteristics. Among the full sample of 6,835 individuals, when asked directly, 30.93% (n = 2,108) of participants indicated that they had ever experienced FOV and 41.73% (n = 2,846) indicated that they had ever experienced IPV. However, when asked about experiences of FOV using the second nuanced question, 43.18% (n = 2,675) responded in ways that indicated that they had ever experienced FOV and 60.71% (n = 3,716) with respect to IPV. The recognition of violence, as indicated by responses to the direct question varied by numerous characteristics, including age, gender, and educational attainment. These findings indicate some LGBTQ people may struggle to recognize or name their family or relationship experiences as abusive or violent, which may complicate their ability or willingness to access professional support. More expansive framings, policies, and responses to IPV and FOV are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bourne
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Kirby Insitute, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Natalie Amos
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Marina Carman
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Parsons
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephanie Lusby
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Lyons
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adam O Hill
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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36
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Varese F, White C, Longden E, Charalambous C, Meehan K, Partington I, Ashman E, Marsh L, Yule E, Mohamed L, Chevous J, Harewood E, Gronlund T, Jones AM, Malik S, Maxwell C, Perot C, Sephton S, Taggart D, Tooze L, Majeed-Ariss R. Top 10 priorities for Sexual Violence and Abuse Research: indings of the James Lind Alliance Sexual Violence Priority Setting Partnership. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e062961. [PMID: 36806139 PMCID: PMC9944274 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish a James Lind Alliance (JLA) Priority Setting Partnership (PSP) to identify research priorities relevant to the health and social care needs of adults with lived experience of recent and/or historical sexual violence/abuse. PARTICIPANTS Adults (aged 18+ years) with lived experience of sexual violence/abuse (ie, 'survivors') were consulted for this PSP, alongside healthcare and social care professionals who support survivors across the public, voluntary, community, independent practice and social enterprise sectors. METHODS In line with standard JLA PSP methodology, participants completed an initial online survey to propose research questions relevant to the health and social care needs of survivors. Research questions unanswered by current evidence were identified, and a second online survey was deployed to identify respondents' priorities from this list. Questions prioritised through the second survey were presented at a consensus meeting with key stakeholders to agree the top 10 research priorities using a modified nominal group technique approach. RESULTS 223 participants (54% survivors) provided 484 suggested questions. Seventy-five unique questions unanswered by research were identified and subsequently ranked by 343 participants (60% survivors). A consensus meeting with 31 stakeholders (42% survivors) examined the top-ranking priorities from the second survey and agreed the top 10 research priorities. These included research into forms of support and recovery outcomes valued by survivors, how to best support people of colour/black, Asian and minority ethnic and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) survivors, improving access to high-quality psychological therapies, reducing public misconceptions/stigma, the impact of involvement in the criminal justice system on well-being, and how physical and mental health services can become more 'trauma informed'. CONCLUSIONS These research priorities identify crucial gaps in the existing evidence to better support adult survivors of sexual violence and abuse. Researchers and funders should prioritise further work in these priority areas identified by survivors and the professionals who support them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Varese
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Complex Trauma and Resilience Research Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Catherine White
- Saint Mary's Sexual Assault Referral Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Eleanor Longden
- Complex Trauma and Resilience Research Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Christina Charalambous
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kate Meehan
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Imogen Partington
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Efa Ashman
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lowri Marsh
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Elizabeth Yule
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laila Mohamed
- Saint Mary's Sexual Assault Referral Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jane Chevous
- Survivors Voices, Reshapers Community Interest Company, Suffolk, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emma Harewood
- The Lighthouse, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Toto Gronlund
- James Lind Alliance, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Jones
- South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK
- The Prosper Study, Risk, Abuse and Violence (RAV) Research Programme, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Samira Malik
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Charlotte Maxwell
- Department of Professional Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Concetta Perot
- Survivors Voices, Reshapers Community Interest Company, Suffolk, UK
| | | | - Daniel Taggart
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | | | - Rabiya Majeed-Ariss
- Saint Mary's Sexual Assault Referral Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Gilchrist G, Potts LC, Connolly DJ, Winstock A, Barratt MJ, Ferris J, Gilchrist E, Davies E. Experience and perpetration of intimate partner violence and abuse by gender of respondent and their current partner before and during COVID-19 restrictions in 2020: a cross-sectional study in 13 countries. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:316. [PMID: 36782157 PMCID: PMC9924203 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) includes controlling behaviours, psychological, physical, sexual and financial abuse. Globally, surveys and emergency services have recorded an increase in IPVA since restrictions were imposed to limit COVID-19 transmission. Most studies have only included heterosexual women. METHODS Data from the Global Drug Survey (an annual, anonymous, online survey collecting data on drug use) Special Edition were analysed to explore the impact of COVID-19 on people's lives, including their intimate relationships. Five relationship groupings were created using respondents' lived gender identity: women partnered with men (46.9%), women partnered with women (2.1%), men partnered with men (2.9%), men partnered with women (47.2%), and partnerships where one or both partners were non-binary (1%). Self-reported experience and perpetration of IPVA in the past 30 days before (February) and during COVID-19 restrictions (May or June) in 2020 (N = 35,854) was described and compared for different relationship groupings using Fishers Exact Tests. Changes in IPVA during restrictions were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS During restrictions, 17.8 and 16.6% of respondents had experienced or perpetrated IPVA respectively; 38.2% of survivors and 37.6% of perpetrators reported this had increased during restrictions. Greater proportions of non-binary respondents or respondents with a non-binary partner reported experiencing or perpetrating IPVA (p < .001) than other relationship groupings. 22.0% of respondents who were non-binary or had a non-binary partner, 19.5% of men partnered with men, 18.9% of men partnered with women, 17.1% of women partnered with women and 16.6% of women partnered with men reported experiencing IPVA. Respondents with higher psychological distress, poor coping with pandemic-related changes, relationship tension and changes (increases or increases and decreases) in alcohol consumption reported increased experience of IPVA during restrictions. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that IPVA can occur in all intimate relationships, regardless of gender of the perpetrator or survivor. Non-binary respondents or respondents with non-binary partners reported the highest use and experience of IPVA. Most IPVA victim support services have been designed for heterosexual, cisgender women. IPVA support services and perpetrator programmes must be tailored to support all perpetrators and survivors during the pandemic and beyond, regardless of their sexual or gender identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Gilchrist
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Laura C. Potts
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Dean J. Connolly
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK ,grid.439471.c0000 0000 9151 4584Barts Health NHS Trust, Whipps Cross University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Adam Winstock
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK ,Global Drug Survey, London, UK
| | - Monica J. Barratt
- grid.1017.70000 0001 2163 3550Social and Global Studies Centre and Digital Ethnography Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, Australia
| | - Jason Ferris
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Gilchrist
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988School of Health in Social Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emma Davies
- grid.7628.b0000 0001 0726 8331Centre for Psychological Research, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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Leigh JK, Peña LD, Anurudran A, Pai A. "Are you safe to talk?": Perspectives of Service Providers on Experiences of Domestic Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2023; 38:215-225. [PMID: 35068672 PMCID: PMC8759221 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-022-00359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to better understand the factors driving reported trends in domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly the effect of the pandemic on survivors' experiences of violence and ability to seek support. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 32 DV service providers operating in organizations across 24 U.S. cities. The majority of providers described a decrease in contact volume when shelter-in-place orders were first established, which they attributed to safety concerns, competing survival priorities, and miscommunication about what resources were available. For most organizations, this decrease was followed by an increase in contacts after the lifting of shelter-in-place orders, often surpassing typical contact counts from the pre-pandemic period. Providers identified survivors' ability to return to some aspects of their pre-pandemic lives, increased stress levels, and increased lethality of cases as key factors driving this increase. In addition, providers described several unique challenges faced by DV survivors during the pandemic, such as the use of the virus as an additional tool for control by abusers and an exacerbated lack of social support. These findings provide insight into the lived experiences driving observed trends in DV rates during COVID-19. Understanding the impact of the pandemic on survivors can help to shape public health and policy interventions to better support this vulnerable population during future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny K. Leigh
- Present Address: COVID-19 Task Force On Domestic Violence, 1629 K Street, NW #300, Washington DC, 20006 USA
- Department of Sociology, New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - Lita Danielle Peña
- Present Address: COVID-19 Task Force On Domestic Violence, 1629 K Street, NW #300, Washington DC, 20006 USA
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ashri Anurudran
- Present Address: COVID-19 Task Force On Domestic Violence, 1629 K Street, NW #300, Washington DC, 20006 USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Anant Pai
- Present Address: COVID-19 Task Force On Domestic Violence, 1629 K Street, NW #300, Washington DC, 20006 USA
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Smith J, Baker E, Hepworth E, Melendez-Torres GJ, Nicholas R, Cohen CE. Identifying demographics of high risk male and LGBTQ+ survivors of domestic abuse from acute London hospital referrals - case review. Int J STD AIDS 2023; 34:31-36. [PMID: 36255222 DOI: 10.1177/09564624221134135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterosexual men, and lesbians, gay men, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ+) people are under-described in research and resources relating to domestic abuse (DA), compared to heterosexual cisgender female survivors. Many of the identified DA cases within our hospital organisation that warrant onward multidisciplinary referral, due to ongoing high harm risk, are for male and LGBTQ+ survivors. We aimed to describe demographics and risk patterns of these cases, to inform and equip our specialist Independent Domestic Violence Advocacy (IDVA) service. METHOD We performed a retrospective case-note review of all Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conferences (MARAC) referrals for DA, featuring male & LGBTQ+ subjects, across Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (CWFT), London, UK between April 2019 - December 2020. We recorded demographic data of referral subjects and perpetrators; the origin of referral; the nature of the initial presenting complaint and whether the DA was identified by the subject or by the healthcare provider on enquiry; and recorded rates of co-marginalising and harm risk factors (dependent children, disability, mental health comorbidity, HIV status, drug use, homelessness). RESULTS We identified 33 cases: 10.2% of CWFT's total MARAC referrals were for men, and 6.7% for LGBTQ+ people (cf. national figures from the same period: 0.1% and 1.3% respectively). Nearly half (48.5%, 16) of the referrals came from sexual health services, just under half (45.5%, 15) from Emergency Departments. 42% (14) disclosures were elicited incidentally during routine enquiry. Six (18%) subjects were also known survivors of sexual violence in addition to DA. The majority (79%, 26) of perpetrators were current or ex-intimate partners. Eight (24%) of the subjects had children under 18. High rates of co-marginalisation factors were present, including use of recreational drugs (45.5%, 15), belonging to an ethnic minority (39.4%, 13), living with HIV (24.2%, 8), living with a disability (18%, 6), mental health comorbidity (27.3%, 9), and experience or risk of homelessness (9%, 3). CONCLUSIONS Our trust reports a high rate of male and LGBTQ+ high-risk DA referrals, and amongst these there is a high rate of intersecting disadvantages and risk factors. This underlines a need for inclusivity for marginalised groups, inbuilt into domestic abuse health responses. The high rate of disclosure during routine enquiry for domestic abuse supports the use of DA routine enquiry in sexual health settings, and points towards the utility of selective enquiry in other settings (for example, heterosexual males presenting with injuries to emergency departments). We hope that by working with a specialised LGBTQ+ IDVA, we will improve both prompt identification and better outcomes for more GSM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Smith
- 9762Chelsea & Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Emily Baker
- 9762Chelsea & Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Nelson A, Allen J, Cho H, Yun SH, Choi YJ, Choi GY. Intimate Partner Violence and Openness to Online Counseling Among College Students. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2023; 38:611-621. [PMID: 35464668 PMCID: PMC9016205 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-022-00396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent and has devastating consequences for college students. Online counseling (OC) may be a way to decrease barriers to help. This study seeks to determine openness to OC compared to face-to-face counseling (F2F) by examining: (1) How openness to OC varies depending on college students' personal and IPV characteristics and (2) How these characteristics vary compared to college non-IPV survivors. Two linear regressions were conducted using a sample from a cross sectional survey. First with the entire sample of college students (N = 1,518) to examine characteristics of those more open to OC and second with only those that identified as experiencing IPV (n = 1,211). The results demonstrated that IPV survivors are less open to OC than to F2F counseling (b = -.23, p < .01). For the model with all college students, those who were significantly more open to OC were female (b = -.39, p < .001), identified as LGBT (b = .23, p < .05), or Asian/Pacific Islander (API) (b = .26, p < .05), and had a physical health issue (b = -.19, p < .05). For the model that only analyzed IPV survivors, the same characteristics were shown to be significantly related to openness to OC. More research is needed to explore why IPV survivors are less open to OC compared to F2F counseling. Exploring why characteristics of female, LGBT, and physical health issues lead to openness to OC could help understand what barriers need to be addressed for wider use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie Nelson
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, 655 Auditorium Rd #254, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Jennifer Allen
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, 655 Auditorium Rd #254, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Hyunkag Cho
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, 655 Auditorium Rd #254, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Sung Hyun Yun
- School of Social Work, Windsor University, 201-B, 167 Ferry Street, Windsor, ON N9A 0C5 Canada
| | - Yoon Joon Choi
- School of Social Work, University of Georgia, 279 Williams Street, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Ga-Young Choi
- School of Social Work, Cal State LA, Los Angeles, CA USA
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Ummak E, Turken S, Akin D. Understanding Intimate Partner Violence Among Ethnic and Sexual Minorities: Lived Experiences of Queer Women in Norway. Violence Against Women 2022; 30:10778012221147912. [PMID: 36579823 PMCID: PMC10913300 DOI: 10.1177/10778012221147912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Drawing upon in-depth, semi-structured interviews, this study explored how queer women from ethnic minority backgrounds in Norway understand and experience intimate partner violence (IPV). Based on an intersectional approach, the study highlights and discusses how having multiple minority positions may inform and affect the way participants experience IPV. The analysis shows that participants' experiences of IPV are shaped by their multiple minority statuses in Norwegian society. A discussion is provided that revolves around how being a sexual as well as an ethnic minority generates a significant power imbalance for the participants in their relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Ummak
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Social Sciences, VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Salman Turken
- Early Childhood Education, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Deniz Akin
- Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of Culture, Eastern Norway Research Institute, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences & NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
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Baptista Silva A, Malta M, da Silva CMFP, Kalume CC, Filha IGA, LeGrand S, Whetten K. The Dandarah App: An mHealth Platform to Tackle Violence and Discrimination of Sexual and Gender Minority Persons Living in Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:280. [PMID: 36612598 PMCID: PMC9819566 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Discrimination and violence are widely experienced by sexual and gender minority (SGM) persons worldwide. More than one SGM person is murdered every day in Brazil because of their sexuality or gender identity, which is the highest reported homicide rate in the world. Alt-hough discrimination and violence against SGM persons in Brazil are considered to be hate crimes, reporting is still suboptimal due to fear of police SGM phobia and victim blaming. Accessible and easily disseminated interventions are urgently needed. Herein, we describe the develop-ment of an mHealth solution to help address violence against SGM persons, namely the Rainbow Resistance: Dandarah App, with a synthesis of key results and feedback from the SGM community after 24 months of using the app. Twenty-two focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with SGM persons living in six Brazilian states: Bahia, Federal District, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Sergipe, and Pará. A total of 300 SGM persons participated in the FGDs. A thematic analysis was performed to interpret the qualitative data. Content themes related to aesthetics, us-ability, barriers to resources, and likes/dislikes about the intervention arose from the FGDs. Participants found the intervention to be user-friendly, endorsed more likes than dislikes, and suggested a few changes to the app. The findings suggest that the intervention is usable and fit for future ef-fectiveness testing, and that it could fill an important gap in the well-being of SGM persons living in a country with high levels of discrimination and violence towards this community, i.e., Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Baptista Silva
- Department of Human Rights, Health and Cultural Diversity, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Mônica Malta
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Cosme Marcelo Furtado Passos da Silva
- Department of Epidemiology and Quantitative Methods in Health, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Clarice Cavalcante Kalume
- Department of Human Rights, Health and Cultural Diversity, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Ianê Germano Andrade Filha
- Department of Human Rights, Health and Cultural Diversity, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Sara LeGrand
- Center for Health Policy and Inequalities Research, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kathryn Whetten
- Center for Health Policy and Inequalities Research, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Eric S. Reyes M, Camille M. Alday A, Jay J. Aurellano A, Raven R. Escala S, Ermelo V. Hernandez P, Esrom P. Matienzo J, Marian R. Panaguiton K, Charmaine C. Tan A, Zsila Á. Minority Stressors and Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence Among Lesbian and Gay Individuals. SEXUALITY & CULTURE 2022; 27:930-950. [PMID: 36531155 PMCID: PMC9739342 DOI: 10.1007/s12119-022-10046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Sexual minority individuals experience more intimate partner violence (IPV) than those in heterosexual relationships. Issues of mistrust, stigma, and anticipation of abuse contribute to these rates. Lesbian and gay IPV victims have distinct experiences from their abuses with exposure to homophobia, heterosexism, discrimination, and threats of sexual disclosure, among others. These unique and additive minority stressors can lead to adverse health concerns, increase vulnerability to victimization, and elevate abuse perpetration. This study aimed to investigate whether experiences of minority stressors are associated with attitudes toward intimate partner violence among a sample of 240 lesbian and gay Filipinos (155 lesbian and 85 gay participants) aged 20 to 40. Through convenience sampling, lesbian and gay Filipinos completed the Sexual Minority Stress Scale (SMSS) and Intimate Partner Violence Attitude Scale-Revised (IPVAS-Revised). Comparing the minority stressors levels among the participants, lesbians expressed higher expectations of rejection, while gay men experienced more sexual minority adverse events. Lesbians also reported higher satisfaction with outness. Regarding IPV, gay men expressed slightly more favorable attitudes toward abuse, which could make them at risk of becoming victims or perpetrators. Internalized homophobia was associated with more favorable attitudes toward abuse and control, indicating its contribution to more favorable IPV attitudes, although the explanatory power was modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Eric S. Reyes
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Angeli Camille M. Alday
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Alexa Jay J. Aurellano
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Sahara Raven R. Escala
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - John Esrom P. Matienzo
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Angeli Charmaine C. Tan
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ágnes Zsila
- Institute of Psychology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
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Mantler T, Shillington KJ, Yates J, Tryphonopoulos P, Jackson KT, Ford-Gilboe M. Resilience is more than Nature: An Exploration of the Conditions that Nurture Resilience Among Rural Women who have Experienced IPV. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2022:1-11. [PMID: 36530539 PMCID: PMC9734538 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-022-00479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health concern exacerbated by the pandemic. Experiences of violence vary based on geographic location and living in rural communities has been found, in some contexts, to amplify consequences of IPV. Resilience, the ability to survive and thrive despite facing adversity, has long been a dominant narrative within IPV literature, yet little is known about how resilience is cultivated among rural women experiencing violence. The purpose of this study was to explore how rural women experiencing IPV cultivate resilience. Methods Using Interpretive Description, in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 14 women who experienced IPV and 12 staff from women's shelters across rural communities in Ontario, Canada to elicit perspectives about women's resilience and environmental conditions that may shape resilience in the context of IPV. Results Women's resilience was cultivated by personal changes aimed at surviving or thriving, and aspects of their environment that enabled or created barriers for resilience. Women adopted a positive, hopeful mindset and bolstered their inner strength through living from a place of integrity, being resolute in decisions, and using mental resistance when faced with doubt. Women faced barriers to resilience in the form of unhelpful help and COVID-19 public health guidelines. Paradoxically, living in a rural community both cultivated and undermined resilience. Conclusions Supporting women to cultivate resilience through modifying environmental factors to enable personal strengths to flourish is paramount in supporting women who have experienced IPV, particularly in rural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Mantler
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, HSB Room 332, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Katie J. Shillington
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario Canada
| | - Julia Yates
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario Canada
| | - Panagiota Tryphonopoulos
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario Canada
| | - Kimberley T. Jackson
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario Canada
| | - Marilyn Ford-Gilboe
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario Canada
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Ssekamatte T, Nalugya A, Isunju JB, Naume M, Oputan P, Kiguli J, Wafula ST, Kibira SPS, Ssekamatte D, Orza L, Mugambe RK, Wanyenze RK. Help-seeking and challenges faced by transwomen following exposure to gender-based violence; a qualitative study in the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area, Uganda. Int J Equity Health 2022; 21:171. [PMID: 36463185 PMCID: PMC9719638 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-022-01786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of gender-based violence (GBV) among transwomen is a human rights and public health challenge. Nonetheless, there is limited evidence of sources of GBV support services and the challenges faced by transwomen while help-seeking, especially in transphobic settings like Uganda. This study explored the sources of GBV support services and the challenges faced by transwomen in the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area during help-seeking. METHODS A qualitative study design involving 60 transwomen and 10 key informants was conducted. Respondents were recruited using snowball sampling. An in-depth interview (IDI), and a focus group discussion guide were used to collect data from 20 IDI respondents and six focus group discussants. Each focus group discussion averaged six participants. A key informant interview guide was used for key informant interviews. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed following a thematic framework, informed by the socio-ecological model. Data were organised into themes and subthemes using NVivo 12.0. RESULTS The sources of support following exposure to GBV included key population-friendly healthcare facilities and civil society organisations (CSOs), and friends and family. Friends and family provided emotional support while key population-friendly healthcare facilities offered medical services including HIV post-exposure prophylaxis. Key population CSOs provided shelter, nutritional support, and legal advice to GBV victims. Lack of recognition of transgender identity; long distances to healthcare facilities; discrimination by healthcare providers and CSO staff, inappropriate questioning of the trans-gender identity by police officers and healthcare providers, and the lack of trans-competent healthcare providers and legal personnel hindered help-seeking following exposure to GBV. CONCLUSION The immediate sources of GBV support services included key population-friendly healthcare facilities and CSOs, police, and friends and family. However, a significant number of transwomen did not report incidences of GBV. Transwomen were discriminated against at some key population healthcare facilities and CSOs, and police, which hindered help-seeking following exposure to GBV. This study highlights the need to tackle internalized stigma and discrimination against transwomen at the existing sources of GBV support. There is also a need to train law enforcers and legal personnel on the right to access healthcare among transwomen in Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonny Ssekamatte
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, New Mulago Gate Rd, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Aisha Nalugya
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, New Mulago Gate Rd, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Bosco Isunju
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, New Mulago Gate Rd, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Muyanga Naume
- Programs Department, Transgender Equality Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patience Oputan
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, New Mulago Gate Rd, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Juliet Kiguli
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, New Mulago Gate Rd, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Solomon Tsebeni Wafula
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, New Mulago Gate Rd, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Simon Peter S. Kibira
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, New Mulago Gate Rd, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David Ssekamatte
- grid.442646.60000 0004 0644 3312Department of Management, Uganda Management Institute, Plot 44-52, Jinja Road, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Richard K. Mugambe
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, New Mulago Gate Rd, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rhoda K. Wanyenze
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, New Mulago Gate Rd, Kampala, Uganda
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Savage MW, Scarduzio J, Milne K. News Stories of Intimate Partner Violence: An Experimental Examination of Media Framing and Perpetrator Sex in LGBTQ Versus Heterosexual Relationships. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP22226-NP22249. [PMID: 35164586 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211071143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study experimentally examines the effects of perpetrator sex (male or female), relationship context (heterosexual or homosexual), and the type of media framing (episodic or thematic) on endorsement for public health perspectives about intimate partner violence (IPV) and punishment preferences for IPV perpetrators. Participants (N = 750) were randomly assigned to a condition, exposed to a composite news story, and then completed a survey. Manipulation check responses demonstrated a pattern suggesting that participants had difficulty attending to details of IPV in stories where the perpetrator was a woman, or where the violence occurred in a homosexual relationship. Results revealed significant interaction effects for the endorsement of public health perspectives and for perpetrator punishment preferences. Results for the endorsement of public health perspectives showed that thematic framing caused stronger support only when the perpetrator was a heterosexual man. Results for perpetrator punishment preferences revealed a pattern where participants preferred stronger punishments for heterosexual male perpetrators over any other group. Participants did not distinguish in their punishment preferences for male or female homosexual perpetrators, but these were still stronger than their punishment preferences for heterosexual female perpetrators. Theoretical implications are presented with attention to extending research about media portrayals of IPV, and discussion is offered concerning practical considerations for public health support services that address IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Savage
- School of Communication, College of Professional Studies and Fine Arts, San Diego State University7117, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Scarduzio
- Department of Communication, College of Communication and Information, University of Kentucky4530, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Katie Milne
- School of Communication, College of Professional Studies and Fine Arts, San Diego State University7117, San Diego, CA, USA
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Kar A, Das N, Broadway-Horner M, Kumar P. Intimate Partner Violence in Same-Sex Relationships: Are We Aware of the Implications? JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSEXUAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/26318318221134268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been a significant public health problem in same-sex relationships. However, health policies across the globe do not address IPV causing a massive gap in health and economic burden. In the last decade, crucial missing links have been established, and researchers tried to connect the dots of this severe health disparity. This intersectionality has found the impact of race, gender, class, physical ability, and legal framework of IPV in lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) relationships. However, preventive strategies, training programs, and dialogues in the clinical field about IPV are from heteronormative lenses. This particular bias can perpetuate the issue and will remain one of the leading causes of health burden in the LGB population. This article reviews the lacunae in health policies regarding same-sex IPV, highlights its impact on minority mental health, and calls for attention to train health-care professionals regarding the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Kar
- Advanced Neuropsychiatry Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Gloucestershire Health and Care NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - Nabagata Das
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Matt Broadway-Horner
- Department of Health and Social Care, University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, New Craig’s Hospital, NHS Highland, United Kingdom
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Primary Healthcare Nurse’s Barriers and Facilitators to Providing Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare Services of LGBTQI Individuals: A Qualitative Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112208. [DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In most cases, we only hear Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, Transgender, Queer, and Intersex (LGBTQI) patients complaining about nurses being the reason for not accessing and utilizing healthcare services; for example, studies reports on the different attitudes of healthcare providers including nurses against LGBTQI patients. However, factors influencing the behavior of South African Primary Healthcare (PHC) Nurses toward LGBTQI patients are rarely reported. The study aimed to explore how PHC nurses experienced and perceived sexual and reproductive health services for LGBTQI individuals in Tshwane, Gauteng Province, South Africa. The study followed qualitative research using an exploratory design approach. The sample included 27 PHC nurses from Tshwane, Gauteng Province, South Africa. In-depth face-to-face interviews were coded and analyzed using Thematic Content Analysis (TCA) which included five interrelated steps. The results revealed three main themes: barriers to the provision of LGBTQI-related SRHS, facilitators for the provision of SRHS to LGBTQI individuals, and strategies to improve LGBTQI individuals’ SRHS accessibility and availability. Common barriers were related to the institutions, PHC nurses, the general public, and LGBTQI patients themselves. Regardless of the challenges faced by PHC nurses, there were some enabling factors that pushed them to continue rendering SHRS to LGBTQI patients who came to their clinics. Almost all PHC nurses suggested the importance of awareness, transparency, collaboration, and the need for training related to LGBTQI healthcare issues.
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Ronzón-Tirado R, Charak R, Cano-Gonzalez I, Karsberg S, Schnarrs PW. Latent Classes of Bidirectional Face-to-Face and Cyber Intimate Partner Violence Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Emerging Adults: The Role of Minority Stressors. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP21092-NP21118. [PMID: 34839733 PMCID: PMC10704391 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211055158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rates of intimate partner violence have been found to be higher among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals when compared with heterosexual populations. However, lesser is known about the impact of specific minority stressors experienced by LGB populations on their face-to-face intimate partner violence (IPV) and cyber IPV experiences. Using a three-step latent class approach, the present study investigated (i) the latent classes of self-reported types of face-to-face IPV and cyber IPV perpetration and victimization and (ii) their associations with LGB distal and proximal minority stressors (i.e., vicarious trauma, discrimination, family rejection, and LGB-identity disclosure). Participants were 288 LGB emerging adults in the age range of 18-29 years (bisexual: n = 168, gay: n = 72, and lesbian: n = 48). Findings showed the presence of four latent classes, namely, face-to-face IPV (n = 32; 37.5% gay, 18.8% lesbian, and 43.8% bisexual individuals), cyber IPV (n = 66; 33.3% gay, 12.1% lesbian, and 54.5% bisexual individuals), psychological and stalking cyber IPV (n = 89; 15.7% gay, 15.7% lesbian, and 68.5% bisexual individuals), and low IPV (n = 101; 23.8% gay, 19.8% lesbian, and 56.4% bisexual individuals). Furthermore, multinomial logistic regressions indicated that greater exposure to the minority stressors such as exposure to heterosexism, namely, discrimination and harassment, rejection from one's family of origin, and exposure to vicarious trauma, as well as a lower degree of LGB-identity disclosure, largely predicted latent classes with greater probabilities of IPV exposure, namely, cyber IPV, face-to-face IPV classes, and psychological and stalking cyber IPV. Findings suggest the importance of addressing the role of minority stressors in IPV interventions and the creation of competent LGB-related services and training modules for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Ronzón-Tirado
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruby Charak
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Ines Cano-Gonzalez
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Sidsel Karsberg
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Phillip W. Schnarrs
- Department of Population Health, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Sivagurunathan M, Walton DM, Packham T, Booth RG, MacDermid JC. Discourses Around Male IPV Related Systemic Biases on Reddit. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP17834-NP17859. [PMID: 34251276 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To date research on intimate partner violence (IPV) has focused on the experience of females. The limited studies on male IPV survivors have shown that they are less likely to disclose their IPV experiences. Systemic biases may marginalize and silence male IPV survivors.The current study sought to explore the discourse around perceived systemic biases that may be present for male IPV survivors.A widely used social networking site (http://www.reddit.com/) was scraped for submissions relating to male IPV. Search was carried out using three keywords resulting in 917 submissions, out of which 82 met inclusion criteria. Submissions were included in final analysis if they consisted of more than half a page of data pertaining to male IPV. Thematic content analysis was utilized to analyze the data.Responses reflect common experiences with participants identifying multiple sources of perceived systemic biases: (1) social norms, (2) legal system, (3) social services, (4) media, and (5) government.The sources of potential support for male IPV survivors exhibit substantial pervasive biases against males as victims of IPV. Findings from current study can inform policies across multiple systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joy C MacDermid
- Western University, London, ON, Canada
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- St Joseph's Health Centre, London, ON, Canada
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