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Kuşi M, Becer E, Vatansever HS. Basic approach on the protective effects of hesperidin and naringin in Alzheimer's disease. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39225173 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2397136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment. This situation imposes a great burden on individuals, both economically and socially. Today, an effective method for treating the disease and protective approach to tau accumulation has not been developed yet. Studies have been conducted on the effects of hesperidin and naringin flavonoids found in citrus fruits on many diseases. METHODS In this review, the pathophysiology of AD is defined, and the effects of hesperidin and naringin on these factors are summarized. RESULTS Studies have shown that both components may potentially affect AD due to their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Based on these effects of the components, it has been shown that they may have ameliorative effects on Aβ, α-synuclein aggregation, tau pathology, and cognitive functions in the pathophysiology of AD. DISCUSSION There are studies suggesting that hesperidin and naringin may be effective in the prevention/treatment of AD. When these studies are examined, it is seen that more studies should be conducted on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müjgan Kuşi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
- Research Center for Science, Technology and Engineering (BILTEM), Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Eda Becer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Hafize Seda Vatansever
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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2
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Huang J, Zhang H, Ma L, Ma N, Luo N, Jin W, Shi J, Xu S, Xiong Y. Rhein and hesperidin nanoparticles remodel tumor immune microenvironment by reducing CAFs and CCL2 secreted by CAAs for efficient triple-negative breast cancer therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:113001. [PMID: 39186835 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is a highly heterogeneous ecosystem that exerts indispensable roles in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) are the main matrix components in the TIME of TNBC. CAFs mediate the edesmoplastic response, which is a major driver of the immunosuppressive microenvironment to promote tumor growth. In addition, CAAs, a type of tumor-educated adipocyte, participate in crosstalk with breast cancer and are capable of secreting various cytokines, adipokines and chemokines, especially C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2), resulting in changes of cancer cell phenotype and function. Therefore, how to treat tumors by regulating the CAFs and the secretion of CCL2 by CAAs in TIME is investigated here. Our research group previously found that rhein (Rhe) has been identified as effective against CAFs, while hesperidin (Hes) could effectively diminish CCL2 secretion by CAAs. Inspired by the above, we developed unique PLGA-based nanoparticles loaded with Rhe and Hes (RH-NP) using the emulsion solvent diffusion method. The RH-NP particles have an average size of 114.1 ± 0.98 nm. RH-NP effectively reduces CAFs and inhibits CCL2 secretion by CAAs, promoting increased infiltration of cytotoxic T cells and reducing immunosuppressive cell presence within tumors. This innovative, safe, low-toxic, and highly effective anti-tumor strategy could be prospective in TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Lisha Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Ninghui Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Ningchao Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Wanyu Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jingbin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Shujun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yang Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
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Suzuki R, Maruyama K, Sato S. Anti-inflammatory effects of hesperidin on human gingival fibroblasts stimulated by lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00988-0. [PMID: 39162858 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00988-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease caused by periodontopathogenic bacteria, the inflammatory response generated against them, and host factors. Furthermore, environmental factors can lead to disease progression. Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human gingival fibroblast (HGF), this study investigated the bioactivity of HGF after exposure to hesperidin (Hesp) and the anti-inflammatory activity of Hesp against early periodontitis. HGF were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 15% fetal bovine serum. They were exposed to LPS for 6 h, followed by Hesp (1, 10, 30, and 50 µM) exposure for 4 h. Cell proliferation was evaluated using reduction staining with alamerBlue™. Inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8] and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) levels were assessed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Hesp 50 µM + LPS inhibited cell proliferation. The Hesp exposure group inhibited the expression of IL-8 and IL-6. No significant difference in TLR4 expression was observed. Hesp significantly suppressed IL-6 and IL-8 expression by inhibiting downstream signaling without inhibiting TLR4 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Suzuki
- Periodontology, Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, Chiyoda, Japan.
| | - Kousuke Maruyama
- Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chou-ku, Niigata, 951-8150, Japan
| | - Soh Sato
- Periodontology, Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, Chiyoda, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chou-ku, Niigata, 951-8150, Japan
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4
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Yaghoubi N, Gholamzad A, Naji T, Gholamzad M. In vitro evaluation of PLGA loaded hesperidin on colorectal cancer cell lines: an insight into nano delivery system. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:52. [PMID: 39095760 PMCID: PMC11297711 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a common disease worldwide with non-specific symptoms such as blood in the stool, bowel movements, weight loss and fatigue. Chemotherapy drugs can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting and a weakened immune system. The use of antioxidants such as hesperidin could reduce the side effects, but its low bioavailability is a major problem. In this research, we aimed to explore the drug delivery and efficiency of this antioxidant on the HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line by loading hesperidin into PLGA nanoparticles. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hesperidin loaded PLGA nanoparticles were produced by single emulsion evaporation method. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized hesperidin-loaded nanoparticles were determined using SEM, AFM, FT-IR, DLS and UV-Vis. Subsequently, the effect of the PLGA loaded hesperidin nanoparticles on the HCT116 cell line after 48 h was investigated by MTT assay at three different concentrations of the nanoparticles. RESULT The study showed that 90% of hesperidin were loaded in PLGA nanoparticles by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and FT-IR spectrum. The nanoparticles were found to be spherical and uniform with a hydrodynamic diameter of 76.2 nm in water. The release rate of the drug was about 93% after 144 h. The lowest percentage of cell viability of cancer cells was observed at a concentration of 10 µg/ml of PLGA nanoparticles loaded with hesperidin. CONCLUSION The results indicate that PLGA nanoparticles loaded with hesperidin effectively reduce the survival rate of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. However, further studies are needed to determine the appropriate therapeutic dosage and to conduct animal and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Yaghoubi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Gholamzad
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahere Naji
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Gholamzad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Khezri S, Azizian S, Salimi A. Pre-mating exposure with hesperidin protects N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced neurotoxicity and congenital abnormalities in next generation of mice as a model of glioma. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:627-636. [PMID: 38916842 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-024-10218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Chemical carcinogen-induced oxidative stress has a key role in cell signaling linked to the development of cancer. Oxidative stress leads to oxidative damage to cellular membranes, proteins, chromosomes and genetic material. It is thought that compounds like hesperidin with high antioxidant and anticancer potential can reduce development of cancer induced by chemical carcinogens via neutralizing their oxidative damages. We investigated protective effect of hesperidin against N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea (ENU)-induced neurotoxicity, congenital abnormalities and possible brain cancer after exposure of mice during pregnancy as model of glioma. The mice were divided to four groups; control (normal saline), ENU (40 mg/kg daily for three consecutive days from the 17th to the 19th of pregnancy), hesperidin (pretreated with 25 mg/kg for 30 consecutive days, before mating) + ENU and hesperidin alone. Developmental toxicity parameters (the number of pregnant mice, stillbirths, abortion, live and dead offspring), behavioral tests (novel object recognition, open field and elevated plus maze) were performed. Moreover, the activity of butrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase enzymes, oxidative markers and histopathological abnormalities were detected in brain tissue. Our data showed that conversely, the pretreatment of hesperidin reduces various degrees of developmental toxicity, neurobehavioral dysfunction, neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and histopathological abnormalities induced by ENU as a neurotoxic and carcinogenic agent in the next generation. In conclusion, pre-mating exposure with hesperidin may open new avenues for prevention of primary brain cancer in next generation and could be valuable for enhancing the antioxidant defense and minimizing the developmental and neurotoxicity of DNA alkylating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Khezri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sepideh Azizian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
- Arthropod-Borne Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Almukainzi M, El-Masry TA, El Zahaby EI, El-Nagar MMF. Chitosan/Hesperidin Nanoparticles for Sufficient, Compatible, Antioxidant, and Antitumor Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:999. [PMID: 39204104 PMCID: PMC11356969 DOI: 10.3390/ph17080999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
One flavonoid glycoside with demonstrated therapeutic potential for several illnesses, including cancer, is hesperidin. However, because of its limited bioavailability and solubility, it is only marginally absorbed, necessitating a delivery mechanism to reach the intended therapeutic target. Additionally, the cytoskeleton of crustaceans yields chitosan, a naturally occurring biopolymer with mucoadhesive properties that has been used to improve the absorption of advantageous chemical substances like flavonoids. Chitosan/hesperidin nanoparticles (Hes-Nanoparticles) were made using the ion gelation technique. The synthesis of Hes-Nanoparticles was confirmed by several characterization methods, including the swelling test, zeta potential, particle size, FTIR, XRD, TEM, and SEM. DPPH and ABTS were used to demonstrate radical scavenging activity in antioxidant assays of chitosan, hesperidin, and the synthesized Hes-Nanoparticles. In addition, by a viability assay against MDA-MB-231, the anticancer efficacies of chitosan, hesperidin, and the synthesized Hes-Nanoparticles were assessed. Furthermore, annexin-V/PI double staining and the cycle of cell analysis were determined by flow cytometry. The results displayed that Hes-Nanoparticles have higher antioxidant activity than chitosan and hesperidin alone. Also, it has been demonstrated that Hes-Nanoparticles are more effective in early cell cycle arrest, suppressing the viability of cancer cells, and increasing cell apoptosis than chitosan and hesperidin alone. In conclusion, Hes-Nanoparticles demonstrated more antioxidant and antitumor activities than chitosan and hesperidin alone. Moreover, it has been established that Hes-Nanoparticles, in a highly soluble form, increase activity in contrast to the poorly soluble form of hesperidin alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Almukainzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Thanaa A. El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Enas I. El Zahaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 35712, Egypt;
| | - Maysa M. F. El-Nagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
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Saadh MJ, Mustafa MA, Malathi H, Ahluwalia G, Kaur S, Al-Dulaimi MAAH, Alubiady MHS, Zain Al-Abdeen SH, Shakier HG, Ali MS, Ahmad I, Abosaoda MK. Targeting the pancreatic tumor microenvironment by plant-derived products and their nanoformulations. Med Oncol 2024; 41:201. [PMID: 39001987 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains a significant health issue with limited treatment options. The tumor stroma, a complex environment made up of different cells and proteins, plays a crucial role in tumor growth and chemoresistance. Targeting tumor stroma, consisting of diverse non-tumor cells such as fibroblasts, extracellular matrix (ECM), immune cells, and also pre-vascular cells is encouraging for remodeling solid cancers, such as pancreatic cancer. Remodeling the stroma of pancreas tumors can be suggested as a strategy for reducing resistance to chemo/immunotherapy. Several studies have shown that phytochemicals from plants can affect the tumor environment and have anti-cancer properties. By targeting key pathways involved in stromal activation, phytochemicals may disrupt communication between the tumor and stroma and make tumor cells more sensitive to different treatments. Additionally, phytochemicals have immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic properties, all of which contribute to their potential in treating pancreatic cancer. This review will provide a detailed look at how phytochemicals impact the tumor stroma and their effects on pancreatic tumor growth, spread, and response to treatment. It will also explore the potential of combining phytochemicals with other treatment options like chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Ahmed Mustafa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Imam Jaafar AL-Sadiq, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - H Malathi
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Gunveen Ahluwalia
- Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, 303012, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sumeet Kaur
- Department of Applied Sciences, Chandigarh Engineering Colleges, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, 140307, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Munther Kadhim Abosaoda
- College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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Al Alabdullah MAA, Goodarzi MT, Homayouni Tabrizi M. The silibinin-loaded Zein-β cyclodextrin nano-carriers (SZBC-NCs) as a novel selective cancer cell drug delivery system in HT-29 cell line. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14769. [PMID: 38926533 PMCID: PMC11208413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65881-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Entrapping phytochemical bioactive compounds into nano-structured biocompatible polymers has been successfully utilized for improving cancer treatment efficiency. Silibinin is a potent compound that shows promising anticancer properties. In the present study, the Zein-β-cyclodextrin complex was used to encapsulate silibinin and evaluate the induced cell death type and cytotoxic impacts on human cancer cells. The silibinin-loaded Zein-β cyclodextrin nano-carriers (SZBC-NCs) were synthesized utilizing a gradual ultrasound-mediated homogenization technique and characterized by Zeta potential, DLS, FESEM, and FTIR analysis. The SZBC-NCs' antioxidant activity was studied by conducting ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging assays. Finally, the SZBC-NCs selective toxicity and cellular death induction mechanism were studied on the HT-29 and AGS cancer cells by measuring the cell survival and apoptotic gene (Caspase 3, 9), respectively, which were verified by conducting the DAPI staining analysis. The negatively charged (- 27.47 mV) nanoparticles (286.55 nm) showed significant ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Moreover, the remarkable decrease in the IC50 concentrations of the SZBC-NCs among the HT-29 and AGS cancer cell lines exhibited their selective cytotoxic potential. Also, the overexpressed apoptotic (Caspases 3 and 9) and down-regulated necrotic (NFKB) gene expressions following the SZBC-NCs treatment doses indicated the apoptotic activity of SZBC-NCs, which were verified by the increased apoptotic morphology of the DAPI-stained HT-29 cancer cells. The antioxidant and colon cancer cell-related apoptotic activity of the SZBC-NCs make it an appropriate anti-colon cancer nano delivery system. Therefore, they can potentially be used as a safe efficient colon cancer treatment strategy. However, further in vivo experiments including animal cancer models have to be studied.
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Kumar DN, Chaudhuri A, Dehari D, Gamper AM, Kumar D, Agrawal AK. Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy Against Melanoma through Exosomal Delivery of Hesperidin. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3061-3076. [PMID: 38757678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma, characterized as the most aggressive and metastatic form of skin cancer, currently has limited treatment options, predominantly chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However, the drawbacks associated with parenterally administered chemotherapy underscore the urgent need for alternative compounds to combat melanoma effectively. Hesperidin (HES), a flavonoid present in various citrus fruits, exhibits promising anticancer activity. Nevertheless, the clinical utility of HES is hindered by challenges such as poor water solubility, a short half-life, and low oral bioavailability. In response to these limitations, we introduced a novel approach by formulating HES-loaded exosomes (Exo-HES). Isolation of exosomes was achieved through the ultracentrifugation method, and HES was efficiently loaded using the sonication method. The resulting formulations displayed a desirable particle size (∼106 nm) and exhibited a spherical morphology, as confirmed by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. In vitro studies conducted on B16F10 cell lines demonstrated higher cytotoxicity of Exo-HES compared to free HES, supported by enhanced cellular uptake validated through coumarin-6-loaded exosomes. This superior cytotoxicity was further evidenced by DNA fragmentation, increased generation of free radicals (ROS), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and effective inhibition of colony formation. The antimetastatic properties of Exo-HES were confirmed through wound healing and transwell migration assays. Oral pharmacokinetics studies revealed a remarkable increase of approximately 2.5 times in oral bioavailability and half-life of HES when loaded into exosomes. Subsequent in vivo experiments utilizing a B16F10-induced melanoma model in Swiss mice established that Exo-HES exhibited superior anticancer activity compared to HES after oral administration. Importantly, no biochemical, hematological, or histological toxicities were observed in tumor-bearing mice treated with Exo-HES. These findings suggest that exosomes loaded with HES represent a promising nanocarrier strategy to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of hesperidin in melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulla Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Aiswarya Chaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Deepa Dehari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Armin M Gamper
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
- Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
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10
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Das A, Rajkhowa S, Sinha S, Zaki MEA. Unveiling potential repurposed drug candidates for Plasmodium falciparum through in silico evaluation: A synergy of structure-based approaches, structure prediction, and molecular dynamics simulations. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 110:108048. [PMID: 38471353 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2024.108048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The rise of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum, rendering current treatments ineffective, has hindered efforts to eliminate malaria. To address this issue, the study employed a combination of Systems Biology approach and a structure-based pharmacophore method to identify a target against P. falciparum. Through text mining, 448 genes were extracted, and it was discovered that plasmepsins, found in the Plasmodium genus, play a crucial role in the parasite's survival. The metabolic pathways of these proteins were determined using the PlasmoDB genomic database and recreated using CellDesigner 4.4.2. To identify a potent target, Plasmepsin V (PF13_0133) was selected and examined for protein-protein interactions (PPIs) using the STRING Database. Topological analysis and global-based methods identified PF13_0133 as having the highest centrality. Moreover, the static protein knockout PPIs demonstrated the essentiality of PF13_0133 in the modeled network. Due to the unavailability of the protein's crystal structure, it was modeled and subjected to a molecular dynamics simulation study. The structure-based pharmacophore modeling utilized the modeled PF13_0133 (PfPMV), generating 10 pharmacophore hypotheses with a library of active and inactive compounds against PfPMV. Through virtual screening, two potential candidates, hesperidin and rutin, were identified as potential drugs which may be repurposed as potential anti-malarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhichandan Das
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004, India
| | - Sanchaita Rajkhowa
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004, India.
| | - Subrata Sinha
- Department of Computational Sciences, Brainware University, Barasat, Kolkata, West Bengal 700125, India
| | - Magdi E A Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Kodous AS, Taha EO, El-Maghraby DF, Hassana AA, Atta MM. Gamma radiation assisted green synthesis of hesperidin-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite targeted JNK/SMAD4/MMP2 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11535. [PMID: 38773159 PMCID: PMC11109164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel method for the fabrication of hesperidin/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (RGOH) with the assistance of gamma rays is reported. The different RGOHs were obtained by varying hesperidin concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 wt.%) in graphene oxide (GO) solution. Hesperidin concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 wt.%) in graphene oxide (GO) were varied to produce the various RGOHs. Upon irradiation with 80 kGy from γ-Ray, the successful reduction of GO occurred in the presence of hesperidin. The reduction process was confirmed by different characterization techniques such as FTIR, XRD, HRTEM, and Raman Spectroscopy. A cytotoxicity study using the MTT method was performed to evaluate the cytotoxic-anticancer effects of arbitrary RGOH on Wi38, CaCo2, and HepG2 cell lines. The assessment of RGOH's anti-inflammatory activity, including the monitoring of IL-1B and IL-6 activities as well as NF-kB gene expression was done. In addition, the anti-invasive and antimetastatic properties of RGOH, ICAM, and VCAM were assessed. Additionally, the expression of the MMP2-9 gene was quantified. The assessment of apoptotic activity was conducted by the detection of gene expressions related to BCl2 and P53. The documentation of the JNK/SMAD4/MMP2 signaling pathway was ultimately accomplished. The findings of our study indicate that RGOH therapy has significant inhibitory effects on the JNK/SMAD4/MMP2 pathway. This suggests that it could be a potential therapeutic option for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad S Kodous
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman O Taha
- Petroleum Applications Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina F El-Maghraby
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Hassana
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - M M Atta
- Radiation Physics Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
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12
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Osama HM, Khadrawy SM, El-Nahass ES, Othman SI, Mohamed HM. Eltroxin and Hesperidin mitigate testicular and renal damage in hypothyroid rats: amelioration of oxidative stress through PPARγ and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:19. [PMID: 38745206 PMCID: PMC11092223 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate growth, development and function of different tissues. Hypothyroidism is a common clinical disorder characterized by deficiency in THs and adversely affects the development and functions of several organs. This work aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of eltroxin (ELT), a hypothyroidism medication, and hesperidin (HSP), a flavonoid, against testicular and renal toxicity in hypothyroid rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups and treated orally for 12 weeks. Group I (control), group II (hypothyroidism) received 20 mg/kg carbimazole (CBZ), group III received CBZ and 0.045 mg/kg ELT, and group IV received CBZ and 200 mg/kg HSP. RESULTS CBZ administration induced biochemical and histopathological changes in testis and kidney. Co-administration of ELT or HSP significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated THs, reduced urea and creatinine while raised follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone in serum. Testicular and renal malondialdehyde level as a lipid peroxidation indicator, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased while glutathione content, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-s-transferase activities were significantly (P < 0.05) increased. The histopathological changes were also diminished. Decreased mRNA and protein expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ) in hypothyroid rats were up-regulated after ELT or HSP treatment. CONCLUSIONS ELT and HSP showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against CBZ-induced testicular and renal toxicity, and these effects may be promoted via activating Nrf2/HO-1 and PPARγ signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel M Osama
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sally M Khadrawy
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - El-Shaymaa El-Nahass
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sarah I Othman
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. BOX 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa M Mohamed
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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13
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Baek JY, Kwak JE, Ahn MR. Eriocitrin Inhibits Angiogenesis by Targeting VEGFR2-Mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathways. Nutrients 2024; 16:1091. [PMID: 38613124 PMCID: PMC11013780 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Eriocitrin, a flavanone found in peppermint and citrus fruits, is known to possess many physiological activities. However, the anti-angiogenic effects of eriocitrin are yet to be fully elucidated. Therefore, the objective of this research was to explore the anti-angiogenic effects of eriocitrin both in vitro and in vivo as well as its underlying mechanism. Anti-angiogenic effects of eriocitrin were evaluated utilizing in vitro models of angiogenesis, including inhibition of tube formation, and induction of apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). A chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay in chick embryos was also performed to evaluate the in vivo effects of eriocitrin on angiogenesis. Results showed significant eriocitrin effects on proliferation, tube formation, migration, and apoptosis in HUVECs. Furthermore, in vivo analysis revealed that eriocitrin significantly suppressed the formation of new blood vessels. In particular, it regulated MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and VEGFR2, inhibited the downstream PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and activated apoptosis signals such as caspase cascades. In HUVECs, the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) exhibited an inhibitory effect on angiogenesis through the suppression of the signaling pathway. Therefore, eriocitrin presents potential for development into an antiangiogenic therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yoon Baek
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.B.); (J.-E.K.)
| | - Jeong-Eun Kwak
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.B.); (J.-E.K.)
| | - Mok-Ryeon Ahn
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.B.); (J.-E.K.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food & Bio Innovation, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
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14
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Almohammed MAO, Meshkani S, Homayouni Tabrizi M, Sharbatiyan M, Nasiraei Haghighi H. Anti-proliferative activity of chitosan-coated oxypeucedanin nano-chitosomes (COPD-NCs) against human HT-29 colon cancer cells: in vitro study. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2133-2143. [PMID: 37787784 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxypeucedanin (OPD) as a powerful anti-proliferative agent found in the Angelicae dahuricae has been used to suppress cancer cell growth. However, the hydrophobic chemical structure has limited its solubility and bio-accessibility. This is the first time OPD is encapsulated into a nano-liposomal structure and coated with poly-cationic chitosan polymer as the oxypeucedanin drug delivery system to evaluate its antioxidant and anti-colon cancer potential. The chitosan-coated oxypeucedanin nano-chitosomes (COPD-NCs) were synthesized utilizing the thin-layer hydration method and characterized by FESEM, DLS, FTIR, and zeta potential analysis. The anti-cancer potential of COPD-NC was analyzed by measuring the cell survival rate (MTT assay) and studying the cellular death type (AO/PI staining) following the increased treatment concentrations of COPD-NC on the HT-29 colon cancer cell line. Moreover, the COPD-NCs' apoptotic activity was verified by analyzing Cas-3 and Cas-9 gene expression profiles. Finally, the COPD-NCs' antioxidant activity was evaluated by applying ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP antioxidant assays. The 258.26-nm COPD-NCs significantly inhibited the HT-29 colon cancer cells compared with the normal fibroblast HFF cells. The up-regulated Cas-3 and Cas-9 gene expression exhibited the COPD-NCs' apoptotic activity. Also, the COPD-NCs' apoptotic activity was verified by detecting the increased apoptotic bodies following the AO/PI fluorescent staining in the increased exposure doses of COPD-NCs. Ultimately, the COPD-NCs meaningfully inhibited the ABTS-DPPH radicals and exhibited an appropriate FRAP-reductive potential. The designed nanostructure for COPD-NCs significantly improved its antioxidant potential and selective cytotoxicity on human HT-29 human cancer cells, which makes them a safe selective natural drug delivery system. Therefore, the COPD-NCs can selectively induce apoptotic death in human HT-29 cancer cells and have the potential to be studied as an anti-colon cancer compound. However, further cancer and normal cell lines are required to verify their selective cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sakineh Meshkani
- Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Mahshid Sharbatiyan
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Jiang M, Wu W, Xiong Z, Yu X, Ye Z, Wu Z. Targeting autophagy drug discovery: Targets, indications and development trends. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116117. [PMID: 38295689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a vital role in sustaining cellular homeostasis and its alterations have been implicated in the etiology of many diseases. Drugs development targeting autophagy began decades ago and hundreds of agents were developed, some of which are licensed for the clinical usage. However, no existing intervention specifically aimed at modulating autophagy is available. The obstacles that prevent drug developments come from the complexity of the actual impact of autophagy regulators in disease scenarios. With the development and application of new technologies, several promising categories of compounds for autophagy-based therapy have emerged in recent years. In this paper, the autophagy-targeted drugs based on their targets at various hierarchical sites of the autophagic signaling network, e.g., the upstream and downstream of the autophagosome and the autophagic components with enzyme activities are reviewed and analyzed respectively, with special attention paid to those at preclinical or clinical trials. The drugs tailored to specific autophagy alone and combination with drugs/adjuvant therapies widely used in clinical for various diseases treatments are also emphasized. The emerging drug design and development targeting selective autophagy receptors (SARs) and their related proteins, which would be expected to arrest or reverse the progression of disease in various cancers, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders, are critically reviewed. And the challenges and perspective in clinically developing autophagy-targeted drugs and possible combinations with other medicine are considered in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Wayne Wu
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Zijie Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Department of Biology, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Zihong Ye
- Department of Biology, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Zhiping Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, China Jiliang University, China.
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16
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Bala R, Madaan R, Chauhan S, Gupta M, Dubey AK, Zahoor I, Brijesh H, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J. Revitalizing allicin for cancer therapy: advances in formulation strategies to enhance bioavailability, stability, and clinical efficacy. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:703-724. [PMID: 37615709 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this review is to highlight the therapeutic potential of allicin, a defense molecule in garlic known for its diverse health benefits, and address the key challenges of its bioavailability and stability. The research further aims to evaluate various formulation strategies and nanotechnology-based delivery systems that can resolve these issues and improve allicin's clinical efficacy, especially in cancer therapy. We conducted a comprehensive review of the available literature and previous studies, focusing on the therapeutic properties of allicin, its bioavailability, stability issues, and novel formulation strategies. We assessed the mechanism of action of allicin in cancer, including its effects on signaling pathways, cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, and tumor development. We also evaluated the outcomes of both in vitro and in vivo studies on different types of cancers, such as breast, cervical, colon, lung, and gastric cancer. Despite allicin's significant therapeutic benefits, including cardiovascular, antihypertensive, cholesterol-lowering, antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, and immune-modulatory activity, its clinical utility is limited due to poor stability and unpredictable bioavailability. Allicin's bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract is dependent on the activity of the enzyme alliinase, and its stability can be affected by various conditions like gastric acid and intestinal enzyme proteases. Recent advances in formulation strategies and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems show promise in addressing these challenges, potentially improving allicin's solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Allicin offers substantial potential for cancer therapy, yet its application is hindered by its instability and poor bioavailability. Novel formulation strategies and nanotechnology-based delivery systems can significantly overcome these limitations, enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of allicin. Future research should focus on refining these formulation strategies and delivery systems, ensuring the safety and efficacy of these new allicin formulations. Clinical trials and long-term studies should be carried out to determine the optimal dosage, assess potential side effects, and evaluate their real-world applicability. The comparative analysis of different drug delivery approaches and the development of targeted delivery systems can also provide further insight into enhancing the therapeutic potential of allicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Bala
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Reecha Madaan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Samrat Chauhan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Malika Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Dubey
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
- Institute of Scholars, Chikmagalur, India
| | - Ishrat Zahoor
- Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Hemavathi Brijesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
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Khan NU, Razzaq A, Rui Z, Chengfeng X, Khan ZU, Ullah A, Elbehairi SEI, Shati AA, Alfaifi MY, Iqbal H, Jin ZM. Bio-evaluations of sericin coated hesperidin nanoparticles for gastric ulcer management. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113762. [PMID: 38244483 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Gastric ulcers are worrying, and their worsening conditions may result in bleeding in the internal lining of the stomach. The problem is annoying, and both patients and professionals are still not satisfied with the available treatment options. Hesperidin, a flavonoid molecule with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, can work like witchcraft to repair gastric ulcers and preserve the stomach lining. Here, we employed a strategy that involved covering the surface of the nano-lipid carriers (NLCs) with sericin before encasing the hesperidin within (Se-He-NLC). Sericin, a biodegradable polymer increases the muco-adhesion with stomach lining and deployment of hesperidin in controlled manner. Se-He-NLCs were physico-chemically characterized for drug loading, encapsulation, particle size, morphology, drug release, chemical stability, and chemical bonding. The nanocarriers showed first order drug release in a controlled manner. Se-He-NLCs showed better in vitro permeation and ex vivo mucoadhesion, thereby by promoting the in vivo bioavailability. Se-He-NLCs also promoted the reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels by 2.24- and 1.61-folds, respectively in the stomach lining, and also the regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities parallel to the control group. In addition, tissues lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were reduced significantly with Se-He-NLCs administration. Se-He-NLC therapy of stomach ulcers in vivo demonstrated better binding ratio and ulcer healing potential. This approach reveals huge capacity for delivering therapies to treat gastric ulcers based on the clinical significance of sericin coated hesperidin nanocarriers in gastric ulcer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ullah Khan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Anam Razzaq
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhang Rui
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Xie Chengfeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Zaheer Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Ullah
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Ali A Shati
- King Khalid University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alfaifi
- King Khalid University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haroon Iqbal
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhi Min Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310012, China.
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18
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Raguraman M, Zhou X, Mickymaray S, Alothaim AS, Rajan M. Hesperidin guided injured spinal cord neural regeneration with a combination of MWCNT-collagen-hyaluronic acid composite: In-vitro analysis. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123609. [PMID: 37972672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Restoring the lost bioelectrical signal transmission along with the appropriate microenvironment is one of the major clinical challenges in spinal cord regeneration. In the current research, we developed a polysaccharide-based protein composite Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)/ Collagen (Col)/ Hyaluronic acid (HA) composite with Hesperidin (Hes) natural compound to investigate its combined therapeutic effect along with biocompatibility, antioxidant activity, and electrical conductivity. The multifunctional composites were characterized via FT-IR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, BET, C.V, and EIS techniques. The electrical conductivity and modulus of the MWCNT-Col-HA-Hes were 0.06 S/cm and 12.3 kPa, similar to the native spinal cord. The in-vitro Cytotoxicity, cell viability, antioxidant property, and cell migration ability of the prepared composites were investigated with a PC-12 cell line. In-vitro studies revealed that the multifunctional composites show higher cell viability, antioxidant, and cell migration properties than the control cells. Reduction of ROS level indicates that the Hes presence in the composite could reduce the cell stress by protecting it from oxidative damage and promoting cell migration towards the lesion site. The developed multifunctional composite can provide the antioxidant microenvironment with compatibility and mimic the native spinal cord by providing appropriate conductivity and mechanical strength for spinal cord tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthuraman Raguraman
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India
| | - Xudong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Suresh Mickymaray
- Department of Biology, College of Science- Al-Zulfi, Majmaah, University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Abdulaziz S Alothaim
- Department of Biology, College of Science- Al-Zulfi, Majmaah, University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariappan Rajan
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India.
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Albuthyab NOM, Hosseini H, Homayouni Tabrizi M, Kharaghani M, Saghravanian SS. The urolithin B nanomicellar delivery system as an efficient selective anticancer compound. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:85. [PMID: 38183506 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urolithin B (UB), the antioxidant polyphenol has a protective impact on several organs against oxidative stress. However, its bioactivity is limited by its hydrophobic structure. In the current study, UB was encapsulated into a liposomal structure to improve its bioactivities anticancer, and antimicrobial potential. METHOD The UB nano-emulsions (UB-NE) were synthesized and characterized utilizing FESEM, DLS, FTIR, and Zeta-potential analysis. The UB-NMs' selective toxicity was studied by conducting an MTT assay on MCF-7, PANC, AGS, and ASPC1 cells. The AO/PI analysis verified the UB-NMs' cytotoxicity on ASPC1 cell lines and approved the MTT results. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the UB-NMs was studied on both gram-positive (B. subtilis, S. aureus) and gram-negative (E. Coli, P. aeruginosa) bacteria by conducting MIC and MBC analysis. RESULT The 68.15 nm UB-NMs did not reduce the normal HDF cells' survival. However, they reduced the cancer cells' (PANC and AGS cell lines) survival at high treatment concentrations (> 250 µg/mL) compared with normal HDF and cancer MCF-7 cells. Moreover, the IC50 doses of UB-NMs for the ASPC1 and PANC cancer cells were measured at 44.87, and 221.02 µg/mL, respectively. The UB-NMs selectively exhibited apoptotic-mediated cytotoxicity on the human pancreatic tumor cell line (ASPC1) by down-regulating BCL2 and NFKB gene expression. Also, the BAX gene expression was up-regulated in the ASPC1-treated cells. Moreover, they exhibited significant anti-bactericidal activity against the E. coli (MIC = 50 µg/mL, MBC = 150 µg/mL), P. aeruginosa (MIC = 75 µg/mL, MBC = 275 µg/mL), B. subtilis (MIC = 125 µg/mL, MBC = 450 µg/mL), and S. aureus (MIC = 50 µg/mL, MBC = 200 µg/mL) strains. CONCLUSION The significant selective cytotoxic impact of the UB-NMs on the human pancreatic tumor cell line makes it an applicable anti-pancreatic cancer compound. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of UB-NMs has the potential to decrease bacterial-mediated pancreatic cancer. However, several bacterial strains and further cancer cell lines are required to verify the UB-NMs' anticancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Matin Kharaghani
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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20
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Nie T, Wang X, Li A, Shan A, Ma J. The promotion of fatty acid β-oxidation by hesperidin via activating SIRT1/PGC1α to improve NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2024; 15:372-386. [PMID: 38099440 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04348g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Reducing fat deposits in hepatocytes is a direct treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the fatty acid metabolic processes mediated by fatty acid β-oxidation are important for the prevention of NAFLD. In this study, we established high-fat-diet models in vitro and in vivo to investigate the mechanism by which hesperidin (HDN) prevents NAFLD by modulating fatty acid β oxidation. Based on LC-MS screening of differential metabolites, many metabolites involved in phospholipid and lipid metabolism were found to be significantly altered and closely associated with fatty acid β-oxidation. The results from COIP experiments indicated that HDN increased the deacetylation of PGC1α by SIRT1. In addition, the results of CETSA and molecular docking experiments suggest that HDN targeting of SIRT1 plays an important role in their stable binding. Meanwhile, it was found that HDN reduced fatty acid uptake and synthesis and promoted the expression of SIRT1/PGC1α and fatty acid β-oxidation, and the latter process was inhibited after transfection to knockdown SIRT1. The results suggest that HDN improves NAFLD by promoting fatty acid β-oxidation through activating SIRT1/PGC1α. Thus, the findings indicate that HDN may be a potential drug for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Nie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Aqun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Anshan Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China
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Jayakumar R, Dash MK, Kumar P, Sharma S, Gulati S, Pandey A, Cholke K, Fatima Z, Trigun SK, Joshi N. Pharmaceutical characterization and exploration of Arkeshwara rasa in MDA-MB-231 cells. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100823. [PMID: 38160612 PMCID: PMC10792653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diverse specificity mode of cancer treatment targets and chemo resistance demands the necessity of drug entities which can address the devastating dynamicity of the disease. OBJECTIVES To check the anti-tumour potential of traditional medicine rich in polyherbal components and metal nanoparticle namely Arkeshwara rasa (AR). MATERIAL METHODS The AR was prepared in a modified version with reference from Rasaratna Samuchaya and characterized using sophisticated instrumental analysis including XRD, SEM-EDAX, TEM, TGA-DSC, and LC-MS and tested against the MDA-MB-231 cell line to screen cell viability and the cytotoxicity with MTT, SRB and the AO assay. RESULTS XRD pattern shows cubic tetrahedrite structure with Sb, Cu, S peaks and trace elements like Fe, Mg, etc. The particle size of AR ranges between 20 and 30 nm. The TGA points thermal decomposition at 210 °C and the metal sulphide peaks in DSC. LC-MS analysis reveals the components of the formulation more on the flavonoid portion. The IC50 value of MTT and SRB are 25.28 μg/mL and 31.7 μg/mL respectively. The AO colorimeter substantiated the cell viability and the apoptosis figures of the same cell line. The AR exhibits cytotoxicity and reaffirms the apoptosis fraction with SRB assay. CONCLUSIONS The Hesperidine, Neohesperidin, Rutin components in the phytochemical pool can synergize the anti-tumour potential with either influencing cellular pathways or decreasing chemo resistance to conventional treatment. AR need to be further experimented with reverse transcription, flow cytometry, western blotting, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Jayakumar
- Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Dash
- Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Government Ayurveda College, Raipur, India.
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shiwakshi Sharma
- Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Saumya Gulati
- Dept of Rasashastra and Bhaishjya Kalpana, Babu Yugraj Singh Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Gomtinagar Extension, Sector 6 Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010, India
| | - Akanksha Pandey
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Kaushavi Cholke
- Amity Lipidomics Research Facility (ALRF), Amity University, Haryana, Manesar, Gurugram, 122413, India; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Zeeshan Fatima
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Haryana, Manesar, Gurugram, 122413, India
| | - S K Trigun
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Namrata Joshi
- Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Bansal K, Singh V, Singh S, Mishra S. Neuroprotective Potential of Hesperidin as Therapeutic Agent in the Treatment of Brain Disorders: Preclinical Evidence-based Review. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:316-326. [PMID: 36959141 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230320144722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are progressive morbidities that represent a serious health issue in the aging world population. There is a contemporary upsurge in worldwide interest in the area of traditional remedies and phytomedicines are widely accepted by researchers due to their health-promoted effects and fewer side effects. Hesperidin, a flavanone glycoside present in the peels of citrus fruits, possesses various biological activities including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. In various preclinical studies, hesperidin has provided significant protective actions in a variety of brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, depression, neuropathic pain, etc. as well as their underlying mechanisms. The findings indicate that the neuroprotective effects of hesperidin are mediated by modulating antioxidant defence activities and neural growth factors, diminishing apoptotic and neuro-inflammatory pathways. This review focuses on the potential role of hesperidin in managing and treating diverse brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Bansal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vanshita Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sakshi Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Samiksha Mishra
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
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23
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Akkulak M, Evin E, Durukan O, Celebioglu HU, Adali O. Modulation of Caco-2 Colon Cancer Cell Viability and CYP2W1 Gene Expression by Hesperidin-treated Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) Cell-free Supernatants. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:372-378. [PMID: 38058098 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206271514231124111026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Ensuring colon homeostasis is of significant influence on colon cancer and delicate balance is maintained by a healthy human gut microbiota. Probiotics can modulate the diversity of the gut microbiome and prevent colon cancer. Metabolites/byproducts generated by microbial metabolism significantly impact the healthy colonic environment. Hesperidin is a polyphenolic plant compound well known for its anticancer properties. However, low bioavailability of hesperidin after digestion impedes its effectiveness. CYP2W1 is a newly discovered oncofetal gene with an unknown function. CYP2W1 gene expression peaks during embryonic development and is suddenly silenced immediately after birth. Only in the case of some types of cancer, particularly colorectal and hepatocellular carcinomas, this gene is reactivated and its expression is correlated with the severity of the disease. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hesperidin-treated Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) cell-free supernatants on CaCo2 colon cancer cell viability and CYP2W1 gene expression. METHODS Alamar Blue cell viability assay was used to investigate the cytotoxic effect of cell-free supernatant of LGG grown in the presence of hesperidin on CaCo2 cells. To observe the effect of cell-free supernatants of LGG on the expression of CYP2W1 gene, qRT-PCR was performed. RESULTS Five times diluted hesperidin treated cell-free supernatant (CFS) concentration considerably reduced CaCo2 colon cancer cell viability. Furthermore, CYP2W1 gene expression was similarly reduced following CFS treatments and nearly silenced under probiotic bacteria CFS treatment. CONCLUSION The CYP2W1 gene expression was strongly reduced by cell-free supernatants derived from LGG culture, with or without hesperidin. This suggests that the suppression may be due to bacterial byproducts rather than hesperidin. Therefore, the CYP2W1 gene in the case of deregulation of these metabolites may cause CYP2W1-related colon cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Akkulak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Emre Evin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Durukan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ufuk Celebioglu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, 74100, Turkey
| | - Orhan Adali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
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24
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Joshi H, Gupta DS, Kaur G, Singh T, Ramniwas S, Sak K, Aggarwal D, Chhabra RS, Gupta M, Saini AK, Tuli HS. Nanoformulations of quercetin for controlled delivery: a review of preclinical anticancer studies. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3443-3458. [PMID: 37490121 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
One of the well-studied older molecules, quercetin, is found in large quantities in many fruits and vegetables. Natural anti-oxidant quercetin has demonstrated numerous pharmacological properties in preclinical and clinical research, including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. Due to its ability to control cell signaling pathways, including NF-κB, p53, activated protein-1 (AP-1), STAT3, and epidermal growth response-1 (Egr-1), which is essential in the initiation and proliferation of cancer, it has gained a lot of fame as an anticancer molecule. Recent research suggests that using nanoformulations can help quercetin to overcome its hydrophobicity while also enhancing its stability and cellular bioavailability both in vitro and in vivo. The main aim of this review is to focus on the comprehensive insights of several nanoformulations, including liposomes, nano gels, micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), polymer nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and cyclodextrin complexes, to transport quercetin for application in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Joshi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Dhruv Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Vile Parle-West, Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Vile Parle-West, Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Tejveer Singh
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, Delhi University, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India
| | | | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
| | | | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Adesh K Saini
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
- Faculty of Agriculture, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India.
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Behera A, Pradhan SP, Tejaswani P, Sa N, Pattnaik S, Sahu PK. Ameliorative and Neuroprotective Effect of Core-Shell Type Se@Au Conjugated Hesperidin Nanoparticles in Diabetes-Induced Cognitive Impairment. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:7329-7345. [PMID: 37561235 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03539-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most chronic metabolic ailment characterized by insulin deficiency leading to aberrant cognitive dysfunction in later stages. Hesperidin is a bioflavonoid, having different pharmacological activities, but its poor water solubility and short plasma half-life restrict its applications in the clinical field. So, the hesperidin was conjugated with gold, selenium, and core-shell bimetallic nanoparticles of gold and selenium. Different spectroscopic methods characterized the synthesized monometallic and bimetallic nanoparticles. The rats were injected with streptozotocin to induce cognitive dysfunction, followed by administering HSP, HSP-Au NPs, HSP-Se NPs, and Se@Au-HSP NPs daily for 21 days. Then, the neurobehavioral studies, oxidative stress parameters, AChE and nitrite levels, the content of amyloid-β42, and inflammatory mediators were accessed to evaluate the effect of the nanoparticles against the STZ rat model. The results showed a significant increase in oxidative stress, AChE activity, amyloid-β42, nitrite levels, and neuroinflammation by upregulating the inflammatory cytokines in the streptozotocin-administered rat brain. The HSP, HSP-Au NPs, HSP-Se NPs, and Se@Au-HSP NPs effectively reversed all these effects of streptozotocin. However, the bimetallic nanoparticle Se@Au-HSP NPs revealed better neuroprotective action than HSP-Au NPs and HSP-Se NPs. Hesperidin-conjugated bimetallic nanoparticles improved learning and memory in the STZ rat model and may be an alternative approach for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Behera
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Campus - II, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Sweta Priyadarshini Pradhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Campus - II, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - P Tejaswani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Campus - II, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nishigandha Sa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Campus - II, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Swagata Pattnaik
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Campus - II, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pratap Kumar Sahu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Campus - II, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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26
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Burcher JT, DeLiberto LK, Allen AM, Kilpatrick KL, Bishayee A. Bioactive phytocompounds for oral cancer prevention and treatment: A comprehensive and critical evaluation. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:2025-2085. [PMID: 37143373 DOI: 10.1002/med.21969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The high incidence of oral cancer combined with excessive treatment cost underscores the need for novel oral cancer preventive and therapeutic options. The value of natural agents, including plant secondary metabolites (phytochemicals), in preventing carcinogenesis and representing expansive source of anticancer drugs have been established. While fragmentary research data are available on antioral cancer effects of phytochemicals, a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the potential of these agents for the prevention and intervention of human oral malignancies has not been conducted according to our knowledge. This study presents a complete and critical analysis of current preclinical and clinical results on the prevention and treatment of oral cancer using phytochemicals. Our in-depth analysis highlights anticancer effects of various phytochemicals, such as phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, and sulfur-containing compounds, against numerous oral cancer cells and/or in vivo oral cancer models by antiproliferative, proapoptotic, cell cycle-regulatory, antiinvasive, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic effects. Bioactive phytochemicals exert their antineoplastic effects by modulating various signaling pathways, specifically involving the epidermal growth factor receptor, cytokine receptors, toll-like receptors, and tumor necrosis factor receptor and consequently alter the expression of downstream genes and proteins. Interestingly, phytochemicals demonstrate encouraging effects in clinical trials, such as reduction of oral lesion size, cell growth, pain score, and development of new lesions. While most phytochemicals displayed minimal toxicity, concerns with bioavailability may limit their clinical application. Future directions for research include more in-depth mechanistic in vivo studies, administration of phytochemicals using novel formulations, investigation of phytocompounds as adjuvants to conventional treatment, and randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Burcher
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Lindsay K DeLiberto
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Andrea M Allen
- School of Dental Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Kaitlyn L Kilpatrick
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
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27
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Xiang J, Li Z, Wang C. Exploring the mechanism of action of Qian Lie Xing Fang during the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia via network pharmacology and molecular dynamics simulation analyses. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35540. [PMID: 37861557 PMCID: PMC10589538 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the historical research progress on benign prostatic hyperplasia from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine theory and the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with Qian Lie Xing Fang (QLXF) via the warming and tonifying of kidney yang, promotion of blood circulation, and clearing of meridians. First, network pharmacology analysis was used to screen and identify possible pathways for BPH treatment with QLXF. Subsequently, molecular docking analysis helped explore the mechanism of action by which the components of QLXF affected androgen receptor (AR) and type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDE-5) levels. Targets for treatment with QLXF were identified from the online Mendelian inheritance in man and DisGeNET databases. BPH-related genes were identified using GeneCards and online Mendelian inheritance in man databases, and their intersection was used to construct a protein-protein interaction network analysis graph. Subsequently, gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed. The semiflexible docking of the ingredients of QLXF acting on the 2 targets was performed via molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, to elucidate the mechanism of action by which the active ingredients affect AR and PDE-5 levels further. This enabled us to explore the pattern of interactions between small active ingredient molecules, the target protein, and the stability after binding at the microscopic level. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that QLXF affected several processes, such as DNA transcription factor binding, kinase binding, protein homodimerization activity, protein structure domain-specific binding, and protein-coupled amine receptor activity in BPH patients. KEGG results showed that chemical carcinogenic reactive oxidative species and the JAK-STAT, Pl3k-Akt, FoxO, NF-κB, and other pathways were significantly enriched. Conducting molecular docking studies to investigate the interaction of active components from QLXF with AR and PDE-5, it was found that MOL002260 may possess the potential to inhibit PDE-5 activity, while MOL010578 may exhibit the capability to inhibit AR activity. QLXF is closely associated with various biological processes and KEGG signaling pathways related to BPH. The active ingredients of QLXF were investigated for their interactions with AR and PDE-5, with a primary focus on the small molecules MOL002260 and MOL010578.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xiang
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zefei Li
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chaoyang Wang
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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28
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Yang P, Zhong J, Zhao X, Ali K, Wu L, Bu Z. Exploring the Potential of Hesperidin in Preventing Hypertrophic Scars: Insights from a Rabbit Ear Model. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:2957-2963. [PMID: 37876381 PMCID: PMC10591605 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s428587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Hypertrophic scars, commonly occurring after trauma or surgery in critical areas like the head and joints, pose significant challenges to both physical and mental health due to their impact on skin function and aesthetics. While the complex pathogenesis involves fibroblast activation and collagen deposition, effective treatments are lacking, underscoring the importance of exploring pathogenesis and targeted therapies. Hesperidin, a bioactive compound in citrus fruits with diverse health benefits, including anti-fibrotic and anti-angiogenic effects, is the focus of this study with the aim of investigating its impact on hypertrophic scar formation, given its potential to promote blood flow and improve skin microcirculation. Objective This study aimed to observe the inhibitory effect of topical hesperidin on hypertrophic scars in rabbits. Methods A total of 8 healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits were used to establish a rabbit hypertrophic scarring animal model. Five wounds were created on each rabbit's two ears, with three wounds on the left ear (groups A, B, and C) and two wounds on the right ear (groups D and E). After six days of wound drying postoperatively, the wounds were locally treated with medication as followed: group A, 0.1% hesperidin; group B, 1% hesperidin; group C, 1% triamcinolone acetonide; group D, Vaseline; and group E, blank control without any medication. After 28 days, the scar tissue samples were collected for histological examination. Results The results showed that the scar texture of groups B and C was softer and lighter in color, and the number of fibroblasts, capillaries, and inflammatory cells in the tissue was significantly less than those in the other three groups. The hypertrophic scar indices of groups B and C were significantly smaller than those of groups A, D, and E, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference between groups B and C. Conclusion Topical application of hesperidin demonstrated promising potential for reducing hypertrophic scar formation in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - JianBo Zhong
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - XingYun Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kamran Ali
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liming Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - ZhangYu Bu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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29
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Singh AK, Prajapati KS, Kumar S. Hesperidin potentially interacts with the catalytic site of gamma-secretase and modifies notch sensitive genes and cancer stemness marker expression in colon cancer cells and colonosphere. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8432-8444. [PMID: 36239003 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2134213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Gamma secretase (GS) produces Notch Intracellular Domain (NICD) by trans-membrane cleavage of notch receptor. The NICD enters the nucleus and activates the notch signaling pathway (NSP) by activating notch-responsive gene transcription. Hyperactivation of NSP is related to cancer aggressiveness, therapy resistance, and poor therapy outcome, and decreased overall disease-free survival in patients. Till date, none of the GS inhibitors (GSI) has been clinically approved due to their toxicity in patients. Thus in the present study, we explored the GS catalytic site binding potential of hesperidin (natural flavone glycoside) and its effect on notch responsive gene expression in HCT-116 cells. Molecular docking, MM-GBSA binding energy calculations, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation experiments were performed to study the GS catalytic site binding potential of hesperidin. The compound showed better GS catalytic site binding potential at the active site compared to experimentally validated GSI, N-N-(3, 5-Difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) in molecular docking and MM-GBSA experiments. MD simulation results showed that hesperidin forms stable and energetically favorable complex with gamma secretase in comparison to standard inhibitor (DAPT)-GS complex. Further, in vitro experiments showed that hesperidin inhibited cell growth and sphere formation potential in HCT-116 cells. Further, hesperidin treatment altered notch responsive genes (Hes1, Hey1, and E-cad) and cancer stemness/self-renewal markers expression at transcription levels. In conclusion, hesperidin produces toxicity in HCT-116 cells and decreases colonosphere formation by inhibiting transcription of notch signaling pathway target genes and stemness markers.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kumar Singh
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Kumari Sunita Prajapati
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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30
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Li G, Song Z, Ru Y, Zhang J, Luo L, Yang W, Wu H, Jin H, Bao X, Wei D, Yan Z, Qu H, Zhu Z, Xue X, Zhou G. Small-molecule nanoprodrug with high drug loading and EGFR, PI3K/AKT dual-inhibiting properties for bladder cancer treatment. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20220141. [PMID: 37933289 PMCID: PMC10582605 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Although multiple efforts have been made, the 5-year survival rate of patients with BCa remains unchanged in recent years. Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is found in ≈74% of BCa tissue specimens; however, current EGFR-based targeted therapies show little benefit for BCa patients, as the EGFR downstream pathways appear to be circumvented by other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). In this study, two natural products are identified, namely triptolide (TPL) and hesperidin (HSP), that target and inhibit the EGFR and its downstream PI3K/AKT pathway in BCa. To synergistically combine triptolide and hesperidin, a succinic acid linker was employed to conjugate them and formed an amphiphilic TPL-HSP EGFR-targeting prodrug (THE), which further self-assembled to generate nanoparticles (THE NPs). These NPs allowed the EGFR-targeted delivery of the triptolide and hesperidin, and simultaneous inhibition of the EGFR and PI3K/AKT both in vitro and in vivo. This study provides a promising EGFR-targeted delivery approach with the dual inhibition of the EGFR and PI3K/AKT, while also exhibiting a high drug loading and low toxicity. Our formulation may be a suitable option to deliver natural products for BCa treatment by EGFR-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyin Li
- College of Life Science and AgronomyZhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukouHenanChina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyState Key Laboratory of Cancer BiologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Zewen Song
- Department of OncologyCentral South University Third Xiangya HospitalChangshaHunanChina
| | - Yi Ru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyState Key Laboratory of Cancer BiologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of PathologyXijing HospitalState Key Laboratory of Cancer BiologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research InstituteGuangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdongChina
| | - Wei Yang
- Warshel Institute for Computational BiologySchool of Science and EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenChina
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related DiseasesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Haibao Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Xuanwen Bao
- Department of Medical OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Di Wei
- Graduate SchoolDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Zhao Yan
- Graduate SchoolDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Haijing Qu
- School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityXi'anShanghaiChina
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Xiangdong Xue
- School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityXi'anShanghaiChina
| | - Gang Zhou
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular MedicineDepartment of Cell BiologyState Key Laboratory of Cancer BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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Shakiba E, Bazi A, Ghasemi H, Eshaghi‐Gorji R, Mehdipour SA, Nikfar B, Rashidi M, Mirzaei S. Hesperidin suppressed metastasis, angiogenesis and tumour growth in Balb/c mice model of breast cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2756-2769. [PMID: 37581480 PMCID: PMC10494297 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the unfavourable response of breast cancer (BC) to treatment, we assessed the therapeutic potential hesperidin in mice bearing 4T1 BC tumours. Anti-tumour effects were assessed by measuring pathologic complete response (pCR), survival analysis, immunohistochemistry for E-cadherin, VEGF, MMP9, MMP2 and Ki-67, serum measurement of IFNγ and IL-4, and gene expression analysis of CD105, VEGFa, VEGFR2 and COX2. Survival of tumour-bearing mice was the highest in mice receiving a combination of hesperidin and doxorubicin (Dox) (80%) compared to the normal saline (43%), hesperidin 5 (54%), 10 (55.5%), 10 (60.5%) and 40 (66%) mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg Dox-treated (73%) groups (p < 0.0001 for all). Compared to the normal saline group, there was a significant elevation in IFNγ level in the animals receiving 20 (p = 0.0026) and 40 (p < 0.001) mg/kg hesperidin, 10 mg/kg Dox (p < 0.001), and combined hesperidin (20 mg/kg) and Dox (10 mg/kg) (p < 0.001). A significant reduction in the gene expression of CD 105 (p = 0.0106), VEGFa (p < 0.0001), VEGFR2 (p < 0.0001), and Cox2 (p = 0.034) and a significant higher pCR score (p = 0.006) were noticed in mice treated with 10 mg/kg Dox + 20 mg/kg hesperidin compared to those treated with 10 mg/kg Dox alone. Immunohistochemical staining showed significant reductions in Ki-67 (p < 0.001) and VEGF (p < 0.001) and a significant elevation in E-cadherin (p = 0.005) in the 10 mg/kg Dox + 20 mg/kg treatment group than in 10 mg/kg Dox alone group. Hesperidin can be considered as a potentially suitable anti-cancer agent for BC that can synergize with other chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Shakiba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Ali Bazi
- Department of HematologyKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
- Faculty of Allied Medical SciencesZabol University of Medical SciencesZabolIran
| | - Hamed Ghasemi
- Student Research CommitteeMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Reza Eshaghi‐Gorji
- Student Research CommitteeMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | | | - Banafsheh Nikfar
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars HospitalIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department of PharmacologyMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research CenterMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
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Hegde M, Girisa S, Naliyadhara N, Kumar A, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Mohan CD, Warrier S, Hui KM, Rangappa KS, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Natural compounds targeting nuclear receptors for effective cancer therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:765-822. [PMID: 36482154 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of forty-eight transcription factors that modulate gene expression both spatially and temporally. Numerous biochemical, physiological, and pathological processes including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, immune modulation, development, reproduction, and aging are extensively orchestrated by different NRs. The involvement of dysregulated NRs and NR-mediated signaling pathways in driving cancer cell hallmarks has been thoroughly investigated. Targeting NRs has been one of the major focuses of drug development strategies for cancer interventions. Interestingly, rapid progress in molecular biology and drug screening reveals that the naturally occurring compounds are promising modern oncology drugs which are free of potentially inevitable repercussions that are associated with synthetic compounds. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to draw our attention to the potential therapeutic effects of various classes of natural compounds that target NRs such as phytochemicals, dietary components, venom constituents, royal jelly-derived compounds, and microbial derivatives in the establishment of novel and safe medications for cancer treatment. This review also emphasizes molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that are leveraged to promote the anti-cancer effects of these natural compounds. We have also critically reviewed and assessed the advantages and limitations of current preclinical and clinical studies on this subject for cancer prophylaxis. This might subsequently pave the way for new paradigms in the discovery of drugs that target specific cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Nikunj Naliyadhara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, University of Leicester, Michael Atiyah Building, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Electronics and Communications Department, College of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, 35712, Gamasa, Egypt
| | | | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560065, India
- Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Kam Man Hui
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | | | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Poomipark N, Chaisin T, Kaulpiboon J. Anti-proliferative, anti-migration, and anti-invasion activity of novel hesperidin glycosides in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. Res Pharm Sci 2023; 18:478-488. [PMID: 37842519 PMCID: PMC10568961 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.383704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Several attempts have been made to synthesize and investigate modified flavonoids to improve their potential anticancer efficacy. This study aimed to determine the in vitro anti-viability, anti-migration, and anti-invasive effects of two novel hesperidin glycosides, hesperidin glucoside (HG1) and hesperidin maltoside (HG2), compared to original hesperidin and diosmin. Experimental approach Inhibitory effects on normal (MRC5) and cancer (A549) cell viability of hesperidin glycosides were investigated by the trypan blue and MTS assays. A scratch assay determined the suppressive effects on cancer cell migration, and inhibition of cancer cell invasion was investigated through Matrigel™. The selectivity index (SI), a marker of cell toxicity, was also determined for A549 relative to MRC5 cells. Findings/Results The cell viability trypan blue and MTS assays showed similar results of the inhibition of A549 cancer cells; HG1 and HG2 had lower IC50 than original hesperidin and diosmin. The SI of HG1 and HG2 was > 2 after 72-h culture. Investigation of cell migration showed that HG1 and HG2 inhibited the ability of gap closure in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The infiltration of the Matrigel™-coated filter by A549 cells was suppressed in the presence of HG1 and HG2. This result implied that HG1 and HG2 could inhibit cancer cell invasion. Conclusion and implication Our results suggest the inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion in a time- and concentration-related manner with a favorable toxic profile. Moreover, HG1 and HG2 appeared potentially better agents than the original hesperidin for future anticancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natwadee Poomipark
- Protein Research Laboratory, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pre-Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Titaporn Chaisin
- Protein Research Laboratory, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pre-Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Jarunee Kaulpiboon
- Protein Research Laboratory, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pre-Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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Nishida T, Horita C, Imagawa M, Hibarino M, Tateno S, Kubo Y, Kawabe M, Morishita N, Endo S, Shiozaki K. Glucosyl hesperidin exhibits more potent anxiolytic activity than hesperidin accompanied by the attenuation of noradrenaline induction in a zebrafish model. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1213252. [PMID: 37663268 PMCID: PMC10470464 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1213252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is a symptom of various mental disorders, including depression. Severe anxiety can significantly affect the quality of life. Hesperidin (Hes), a flavonoid found in the peel of citrus fruits, reportedly has various functional properties, one of which is its ability to relieve acute and chronic stress. However, Hes is insoluble in water, resulting in a low absorption rate in the body and low bioavailability. Glucosyl hesperidin (GHes) is produced by adding one glucose molecule to hesperidin. Its water solubility is significantly higher than that of Hes, which is expected to improve its absorption into the body and enhance its effects. However, its efficacy in alleviating anxiety has not yet been investigated. Therefore, in this study, the anxiolytic effects of GHes were examined in a zebrafish model of anxiety. Long-term administration of diets supplemented with GHes did not cause any toxicity in the zebrafish. In the novel tank test, zebrafish in the control condition exhibited an anxious behavior called freezing, which was significantly suppressed in GHes-fed zebrafish. In the black-white preference test, which also induces visual stress, GHes-fed zebrafish showed significantly increased swimming time in the white side area. Furthermore, in tactile (low water-level stress) and olfactory-mediated stress (alarm substance administration test) tests, GHes suppressed anxious behavior, and these effects were stronger than those of Hes. Increased noradrenaline levels in the brain generally cause freezing; however, in zebrafish treated with GHes, the amount of noradrenaline after stress was lower than that in the control group. Activation of c-fos/ERK/Th, which is upstream of the noradrenaline synthesis pathway, was also suppressed, while activation of the CREB/BDNF system, which is vital for neuroprotective effects, was significantly increased. These results indicate that GHes has a more potent anxiolytic effect than Hes in vivo, which may have potential applications in drug discovery and functional food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nishida
- Department of Food Life Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Chihoko Horita
- Department of Food Life Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mikiya Imagawa
- Department of Food Life Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Momoka Hibarino
- Department of Food Life Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Sayaka Tateno
- Department of Food Life Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yurina Kubo
- Department of Food Life Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Momoko Kawabe
- Course of Biological Science and Technology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Shin Endo
- R&D Division, Hayashibara Co., Ltd., Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiozaki
- Department of Food Life Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Course of Biological Science and Technology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Yang SH, Zhu J, Wu WT, Li JM, Tong HL, Huang Y, Gong QF, Gong FP, Zhong LY. Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae-Assessing the influence of herbal processing methods and improved effects on functional dyspepsia. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1236656. [PMID: 37601055 PMCID: PMC10436233 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1236656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The unique pharmaceutical methods for the processing of botanical drugs according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) affect clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment. The objective of this study was to comprehensively elucidate the principles and mechanisms of an herbal processing method by investigating the alterations in the metabolites of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (AMR) processed by Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (AFI) decoction and to determine how these changes enhance the efficacy of aqueous extracts in treating functional dyspepsia (FD). Methods: A qualitative analysis of AMR before and after processing was conducted using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, and HPLC was employed for quantitative analysis. A predictive analysis was then conducted using a network analysis strategy to establish a botanical drug-metabolite-target-disease (BMTD) network and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and the predictions were validated using an FD rat model. Results: A total of 127 metabolites were identified in the processed AMR (PAMR), and substantial changes were observed in 8 metabolites of PAMR after processing, as revealed by the quantitative analysis. The enhanced aqueous extracts of processed AMR (PAMR) demonstrate improved efficacy in treating FD, which indicates that this processing method enhances the anti-inflammatory properties and promotes gastric motility by modulating DRD2, SCF, and c-kit. However, this enhancement comes at the cost of attenuating the regulation of motilin (MTL), gastrin (GAS), acetylcholine (Ach), and acetylcholinesterase (AchE). Conclusion: Through this series of investigations, we aimed to unravel the factors influencing the efficacy of this herbal formulation in improving FD in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Hong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen-Ting Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun-Mao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Heng-Li Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Qian-Feng Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei-Peng Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling-Yun Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Zhang Y, Huang Y, Li Z, Wu H, Zou B, Xu Y. Exploring Natural Products as Radioprotective Agents for Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3585. [PMID: 37509245 PMCID: PMC10377328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important cancer treatment. However, in addition to killing tumor cells, radiotherapy causes damage to the surrounding cells and is toxic to normal tissues. Therefore, an effective radioprotective agent that prevents the deleterious effects of ionizing radiation is required. Numerous synthetic substances have been shown to have clear radioprotective effects. However, most of these have not been translated for use in clinical applications due to their high toxicity and side effects. Many medicinal plants have been shown to exhibit various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. In recent years, new agents obtained from natural products have been investigated by radioprotection researchers, due to their abundance of sources, high efficiency, and low toxicity. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the radioprotective effects of natural products, including ROS scavenging, promotion of DNA damage repair, anti-inflammatory effects, and the inhibition of cell death signaling pathways. In addition, we systematically review natural products with radioprotective properties, including polyphenols, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and saponins. Specifically, we discuss the polyphenols apigenin, genistein, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, resveratrol, and curcumin; the polysaccharides astragalus, schisandra, and Hohenbuehelia serotina; the saponins ginsenosides and acanthopanax senticosus; and the alkaloids matrine, ligustrazine, and β-carboline. However, further optimization through structural modification, improved extraction and purification methods, and clinical trials are needed before clinical translation. With a deeper understanding of the radioprotective mechanisms involved and the development of high-throughput screening methods, natural products could become promising novel radioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hanyou Wu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Bingwen Zou
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Chen SJ, Lu JH, Lin CC, Zeng SW, Chang JF, Chung YC, Chang H, Hsu CP. Synergistic Chemopreventive Effects of a Novel Combined Plant Extract Comprising Gallic Acid and Hesperidin on Colorectal Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4908-4922. [PMID: 37367061 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer with a high mortality rate worldwide. Although gallic acid and hesperidin exert anticancer activity, synergistic effects of gallic acid and hesperidin against CRC remain elusive. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of a novel combination of gallic acid and hesperidin against CRC cell growth, including cell viability, cell-cycle-associated proteins, spheroid formation, and stemness. METHODS Gallic acid and hesperidin derived from Hakka pomelo tea (HPT) were detected by colorimetric methods and high-performance liquid chromatography using ethyl acetate as an extraction medium. CRC cell lines (HT-29 and HCT-116) treated with the combined extract were investigated in our study for cell viability (trypan blue or soft agar colony formation assay), cell cycle (propidium iodide staining), cell-cycle-associated proteins (immunoblotting), and stem cell markers (immunohistochemistry staining). RESULTS Compared with other extraction methods, HPT extraction using an ethyl acetate medium exerts the most potent effect on inhibiting HT-29 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the treatment with combined extract had a higher inhibitory effect on CRC cell viability than gallic acid or hesperidin alone. The underlying mechanism was involved in G1-phase arrest and Cip1/p21 upregulation that could attenuate HCT-116 cell proliferation (Ki-67), stemness (CD-133), and spheroid growth in a 3D formation assay mimicking in vivo tumorigenesis. CONCLUSION Gallic acid and hesperidin exert synergistic effects on cell growth, spheroids, and stemness of CRC and may serve as a potential chemopreventive agent. Further testing for the safety and effectiveness of the combined extract in large-scale randomized trials is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Jung Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan City 330, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hua Lu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Wei Zeng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Feng Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Branch of Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taoyuan City 330, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chiang Chung
- Department of Surgery, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung City 437, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Hsu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
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Parekh N, Garg A, Choudhary R, Gupta M, Kaur G, Ramniwas S, Shahwan M, Tuli HS, Sethi G. The Role of Natural Flavonoids as Telomerase Inhibitors in Suppressing Cancer Growth. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040605. [PMID: 37111362 PMCID: PMC10143453 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex and multifaceted group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. While cancer can be challenging and life-altering, advances in research and development have led to the identification of new promising anti-cancer targets. Telomerase is one such target that is overexpressed in almost all cancer cells and plays a critical role in maintaining telomere length, which is essential for cell proliferation and survival. Inhibiting telomerase activity can lead to telomere shortening and eventual cell death, thus presenting itself as a potential target for cancer therapy. Naturally occurring flavonoids are a class of compounds that have already been shown to possess different biological properties, including the anti-cancer property. They are present in various everyday food sources and richly present in fruits, nuts, soybeans, vegetables, tea, wine, and berries, to name a few. Thus, these flavonoids could inhibit or deactivate telomerase expression in cancer cells by different mechanisms, which include inhibiting the expression of hTERT, mRNA, protein, and nuclear translocation, inhibiting the binding of transcription factors to hTERT promoters, and even telomere shortening. Numerous cell line studies and in vivo experiments have supported this hypothesis, and this development could serve as a vital and innovative therapeutic option for cancer. In this light, we aim to elucidate the role of telomerase as a potential anti-cancer target. Subsequently, we have illustrated that how commonly found natural flavonoids demonstrate their anti-cancer activity via telomerase inactivation in different cancer types, thus proving the potential of these naturally occurring flavonoids as useful therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Parekh
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Ashish Garg
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy, Rani Durgavati University Jabalpur, Jabalpur 482001, India
| | - Renuka Choudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar, Deemed to be University, Ambala 133207, India
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar, Deemed to be University, Ambala 133207, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
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Hegazy W, Abdul-Hamid M, Abdel-Rehiem ES, Abdel-Moneim A, Salah M. The protective impact of hesperidin against carbimazole-induced hypothyroidism, via enhancement of inflammatory cytokines, histopathological alterations, and Nrf2/HO-1. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:53589-53604. [PMID: 36862292 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative effects of hesperidin (HSP) and eltroxin (ELT) on hypothyroidism (HPO) induced by carbimazole (CBZ) in white male albino rats. Thirty-two adult rats were categorized into four groups: Group 1, no treatment (control); Group II, treated with CBZ (20 mg/kg); Group III, treated with HSP (200 mg/kg) + CBZ; and Group IV, treated with ELT (0.045 mg/kg) + CBZ. All treatments were provided as oral daily doses for 90 days. Thyroid hypofunction was significantly manifested in Group II. However, increased levels of thyroid hormones, antioxidant enzymes, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase 1, and interleukin (IL)-10, and a decrease in the level of the thyroid-stimulating hormone were observed in Groups III and IV. On the contrary, decreased levels of lipid peroxidation, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor α, IL-17, and cyclooxygenase 2 were detected in groups III and IV. The histopathological and ultrastructural findings were ameliorated in Groups III and IV; on the contrary, Group II presented with significant increases in the height and number of layers of the follicular cells. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a marked increase in thyroglobulin and significant decreases in the levels of nuclear factor kappa B and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in Groups III and IV. These results confirmed the effectiveness of HSP as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative agent in rats with hypothyroidism. Additional studies are required to assess its potential as a novel agent against HPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Hegazy
- Histology Division, Basic Science Department, Faculty of physical therapy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Manal Abdul-Hamid
- Cell Biology, Histology and Genetics Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem St, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Eman S Abdel-Rehiem
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Salah Salem St, Box, Beni-Suef, 62521, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Salah Salem St, Box, Beni-Suef, 62521, Egypt
| | - Marwa Salah
- Cell Biology, Histology and Genetics Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem St, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Phucharoenrak P, Muangnoi C, Trachootham D. Metabolomic Analysis of Phytochemical Compounds from Ethanolic Extract of Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) Peel and Its Anti-Cancer Effects against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072965. [PMID: 37049726 PMCID: PMC10095956 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lime peels are food waste from lime product manufacturing. We previously developed and optimized a green extraction method for hesperidin-limonin-rich lime peel extract. This study aimed to identify the metabolomics profile of phytochemicals and the anti-cancer effects of ethanolic extract of lime (Citrus aurantifolia) peel against liver cancer cells PLC/PRF/5. The extract’s metabolomics profile was analyzed by using LC-qTOF/MS and GC-HRMS. The anti-cancer effects were studied by using MTT assay, Annexin-PI assay, and Transwell-invasion assay. Results show that the average IC50(s) of hesperidin, limonin, and the extract on cancer cells’ viability were 165.615, 188.073, and 503.004 µg/mL, respectively. At the IC50 levels, the extract induced more apoptosis than those of pure compounds when incubating for 24 and 48 h (p < 0.0001). A combination of limonin and hesperidin showed a synergistic effect on apoptosis induction (p < 0.001), but the effect of the combination was still less than that of the extract at 48 h. Furthermore, the extract significantly inhibited cancer cell invasion better than limonin but equal to hesperidin. At the IC50 level, the extract contains many folds lower amounts of hesperidin and limonin than the IC50 doses of the pure compounds. Besides limonin and hesperidin, there were another 60 and 22 compounds detected from the LCMS and GCMS analyses, respectively. Taken altogether, the superior effect of the ethanolic extract against liver cancer cells compared to pure compound likely results from the combinatorial effects of limonin, hesperidin, and other phytochemical components in the extract.
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Akbar N, Kawish M, Jabri T, Khan NA, Shah MR, Siddiqui R. Cinnamic acid and lactobionic acid based nanoformulations as a potential antiamoebic therapeutics. Exp Parasitol 2023; 246:108474. [PMID: 36708943 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba castellanii causes granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, an uncommon but severe brain infection and sight-threatening Acanthamoeba keratitis. Most of the currently used anti-amoebic treatments are not always effective, due to persistence of the cyst stage, and recurrence can occur. Here in this study we synthesize cinnamic acid and lactobionic acid-based magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) using co-precipitation technique. These nanoformulations were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Atomic form microscopy. The drugs alone (Hesperidin, Curcumin and Amphotericin B), magnetic NPs alone, and drug-loaded nano-formulations were evaluated at a concentration of 100 μg/mL for antiamoebic activity against a clinical isolate of A. castellanii. Amoebicidal assays revealed that drugs and conjugation of drugs and NPs further enhanced amoebicidal effects of drug-loaded nanoformulations. Drugs and drug-loaded nanoformulations inhibited both encystation and excystation of amoebae. In addition, drugs and drug-loaded nanoformulations inhibited parasite binding capability to the host cells. Neither drugs nor drug-loaded nanoformulations showed cytotoxic effects against host cells and considerably reduced parasite-mediated host cell death. Overall, these findings imply that conjugation of medically approved drugs with MNPs produce potent anti-Acanthamoebic effects, which could eventually lead to the development of therapeutic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Akbar
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, 26666, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Muhammad Kawish
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Tooba Jabri
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey.
| | - Muhammad Raza Shah
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, 26666, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey
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El-Beheiry KM, El-Sayed El-Sayad M, El-Masry TA, Elsisi AE. Combination of metformin and hesperidin mitigates cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity. Emerging role of PPAR-γ/Nrf-2/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109891. [PMID: 36812672 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is widely used as an immunosuppressive and chemotherapeutic drug. However, its therapeutic application is restricted by its adverse effects, particularly hepatotoxicity. Both metformin (MET) and hesperidin (HES) have promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. Therefore, the principal aim of the current study is to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of MET, HES, and their combinations on the CP-induced hepatotoxicity model. Hepatotoxicity was evoked by a single (I.P) injection of CP (200 mg/kg) on day 7. For this study, 64 albino rats were randomly categorized into eight equal groups; naïve, control vehicle, untreated CP (200 mg/kg, IP), and CP 200 groups treated with MET 200, HES 50, HES 100 or a combination of MET 200 with HES 50 and HES 100 respectively orally daily for 12 days. At the end of the study, the liver function biomarkers, oxidative stress, inflammatory parameters, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of PPAR-γ, Nrf-2, NF-κB, Bcl-2, and caspase3 were assessed. CP significantly increased serum ALT, AST, total bilirubin, hepatic MDA, NO content, NF-κB, and TNF-α. Otherwise, albumin, hepatic GSH content, Nrf-2, and PPAR-γ expression decreased considerably compared to the control vehicle group. The combinations of MET200 with HES50 or HES100 induced pronounced hepatoprotective, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects on CP-treated rats. The possible explanation of such hepatoprotective effects may be mediated via upregulation of Nrf-2, PPAR-γ, Bcl-2 expression, hepatic GSH content, and marked suppression of TNF-α and NF-κB expression. In conclusion, the current study showed that combining MET and HES revealed a remarkable hepatoprotective effect against CP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareman M El-Beheiry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Magda El-Sayed El-Sayad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Thanaa A El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Alaa E Elsisi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Sethi G, Rath P, Chauhan A, Ranjan A, Choudhary R, Ramniwas S, Sak K, Aggarwal D, Rani I, Tuli HS. Apoptotic Mechanisms of Quercetin in Liver Cancer: Recent Trends and Advancements. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:712. [PMID: 36840034 PMCID: PMC9960374 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to rising incidence rates of liver cancer and worries about the toxicity of current chemotherapeutic medicines, the hunt for further alternative methods to treat this malignancy has escalated. Compared to chemotherapy, quercetin, a flavonoid, is relatively less harmful to normal cells and is regarded as an excellent free-radical scavenger. Apoptotic cell death of cancer cells caused by quercetin has been demonstrated by many prior studies. It is present in many fruits, vegetables, and herbs. Quercetin targets apoptosis, by upregulating Bax, caspase-3, and p21 while downregulating Akt, PLK-1, cyclin-B1, cyclin-A, CDC-2, CDK-2, and Bcl-2. Additionally, it has been reported to increase STAT3 protein degradation in liver cancer cells while decreasing STAT3 activation. Quercetin has a potential future in chemoprevention, based on substantial research on its anticancer effects. The current review discusses quercetin's mechanisms of action, nanodelivery strategies, and other potential cellular effects in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Prangya Rath
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida 201303, India
| | - Abhishek Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida 201303, India
| | - Anuj Ranjan
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Renuka Choudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, India
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India
| | | | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, India
| | - Isha Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Medical Sciences and Research (MMCMSR), Sadopur, Ambala 134007, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, India
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Shahraki O, Shayganpour M, Hashemzaei M, Daneshmand S. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), the potential novel vehicle for enhanced in vivo efficacy of hesperidin as an anti-inflammatory agent. Bioorg Chem 2023; 131:106333. [PMID: 36587504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hesperidin (C28H34O15), a flavanone glycoside abundantly present in citrus fruits, has proven therapeutic effects including anti-inflammatory activities. Herein, we report a novel formulation of HESP loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) using hot homogenization and ultrasound to improve the poor solubility and bioavailability. In the present study, the formulation was developed and optimized by response surface method and then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (FT-IR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Encapsulation efficiency was determined and the anti-inflammatory effect was assessed through in vivo ear edema inflammation model. According to the electron microscopy results, the product has a spherical shape. The optimized parameters produced small size (179.8 ± 3.6 nm) HESP-SLNs with high encapsulation efficiency (93.0 ± 3.8 %). The outcomes exhibited that encapsulation in SLNs carriers improves the anti-inflammatory potential of HESP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolbanin Shahraki
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Shayganpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hashemzaei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Sara Daneshmand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.
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Kumar S, Mathew SO, Aharwal RP, Tulli HS, Mohan CD, Sethi G, Ahn KS, Webber K, Sandhu SS, Bishayee A. Withaferin A: A Pleiotropic Anticancer Agent from the Indian Medicinal Plant Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:160. [PMID: 37259311 PMCID: PMC9966696 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents the second most deadly disease and one of the most important public health concerns worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immune therapy are the major types of treatment strategies that have been implemented in cancer treatment. Unfortunately, these treatment options suffer from major limitations, such as drug-resistance and adverse effects, which may eventually result in disease recurrence. Many phytochemicals have been investigated for their antitumor efficacy in preclinical models and clinical studies to discover newer therapeutic agents with fewer adverse effects. Withaferin A, a natural bioactive molecule isolated from the Indian medicinal plant Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, has been reported to impart anticancer activities against various cancer cell lines and preclinical cancer models by modulating the expression and activity of different oncogenic proteins. In this article, we have comprehensively discussed the biosynthesis of withaferin A as well as its antineoplastic activities and mode-of-action in in vitro and in vivo settings. We have also reviewed the effect of withaferin A on the expression of miRNAs, its combinational effect with other cytotoxic agents, withaferin A-based formulations, safety and toxicity profiles, and its clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Kumar
- Bio-Design Innovation Centre, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur 482 001, India
| | - Stephen O. Mathew
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | | | - Hardeep Singh Tulli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133 207, India
| | | | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Kwang-Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kassidy Webber
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Sardul Singh Sandhu
- Bio-Design Innovation Centre, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur 482 001, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
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Small Molecule Inhibitors for Unc-51-like Autophagy-Activating Kinase Targeting Autophagy in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020953. [PMID: 36674464 PMCID: PMC9866249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular process that removes damaged components of cells and recycles them as biochemical building blocks. Autophagy can also be induced to protect cells in response to intra- and extracellular stresses, including damage to cellular components, nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, and pathogenic invasion. Dysregulation of autophagy has been attributed to various diseases. In particular, autophagy protects cancer cells by supporting tumor cell survival and the development of drug resistance. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of autophagy in cancer has stimulated the research on discovery and development of specific inhibitors targeting various stages of autophagy. In recent years, Unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase (ULK) inhibitors have become an attractive strategy to treat cancer. This review summarizes recent discoveries and developments in small-molecule ULK inhibitors and their potential as anticancer agents. We focused on structural features, interactions with binding sites, and biological effects of these inhibitors. Overall, this review will provide guidance for using ULK inhibitors as chemical probes for autophagy in various cancers and developing improved ULK inhibitors that would enhance therapeutic benefits in the clinic.
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Alibertia patinoi (Cuatrec.) Delprete & C.H.Perss. (Borojó): food safety, phytochemicals, and aphrodisiac potential. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-05251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAlthough the western discovery of borojó [Alibertia patinoi Cuatrec. (Delprete & C.H.Perss.)] is as recent as 1948, its several traditional uses in gastronomy and medicine, and its fame as an aphrodisiac are long standing and strong: the “love juice” extracted from it is very appreciated in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama. Its medicinal potential, though, is far wider. This literature review aims to summarize the knowledge about the fruit, its ethnomedical uses, its biological activity and phytochemical composition, to validate ethnomedical claims and to help envision future lines of research. Borojó extracts have confirmed antimicrobial and antioxidant, and potential anticancer activities, which can be at least partially explained by its phytochemical composition -compounds isolated and identified through Gas Chromatography, High Performance Liquid Chromatography and spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques- rich in phenolic compounds, some of which, for example oleuropein, chlorogenic acid and rutin, possess proven biological activity. There is potential for borojó products as a source of bioactive natural products, which have not been exhaustively identified despite phytochemical screenings that show the presence of unstudied compound families: terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids; and functional alimentary products. Although its aphrodisiac properties have not been confirmed, several compounds with confirmed aphrodisiac activity in other species, mainly flavonoids, are also found in borojó. These, coupled with its nutritional profile and perhaps compounds yet unidentified, could validate the claim.
Graphical abstract
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El-Sonbaty S, Kandil EI, Haroun RAH. Assessment of the Antitumor Activity of Green Biosynthesized Zinc Nanoparticles as Therapeutic Agent Against Renal Cancer in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:272-281. [PMID: 35083709 PMCID: PMC9823045 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Zinc nanoparticles (Zn-NPs) have garnered a great deal of attention as potential cancer therapy. The use of microorganisms in the synthesis of nanoparticles emerges as an eco-friendly and exciting approach. This study was designed to assess biosynthesized Zn-NPs as therapeutic agent against kidney cancer induced by ferric-nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) in rats.Zn-NPs were synthesized from edible mushroom then characterized by transmission electron microscopy analysis, dynamic light scattering, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Rats were divided into 4 different groups: group I (control), group II (Fe-NTA group), group III (Zn-NPs group), and group IV (Fe-NTA + Zn-NPs group). Animals were sacrificed then kidney and liver function tests, MDA level, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities were measured by using colorimetric methods. Caspase-3 level and carcinoembryonic antigen concentration were measured by using ELISA. Finally, DNA fragmentation was visualized by using agarose gel electrophoresis.Treatment with Zn-NPs significantly suppressed renal oxidative stress by restoring glutathione level, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities and ameliorated oxidative damage parameters of lipid peroxidation as well as renal toxicity markers. Molecular and tumor markers showed significant improvement with respect to induction group, and this was well appreciated with the histopathological alteration findings in the treated groups.Microbial synthesized Zn-NPs possess antitumor-promoting activity against Fe-NTA-induced toxicity and carcinogenesis, which should be evaluated in a clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan El-Sonbaty
- Department of Radiation Microbiology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman I Kandil
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Naliyadhara N, Kumar A, Kumar Gangwar S, Nair Devanarayanan T, Hegde M, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Sethi G, Kunnumakara A. Interplay of dietary antioxidants and gut microbiome in human health: What has been learnt thus far? J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Dadwal V, Gupta M. Recent developments in citrus bioflavonoid encapsulation to reinforce controlled antioxidant delivery and generate therapeutic uses: Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:1187-1207. [PMID: 34378460 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1961676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Citrus fruits contain numerous antioxidative biomolecules including phenolic acids, flavonols, flavanones, polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), and their derivatives. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies thoroughly investigated the antioxidant and therapeutic potential of bioflavonoids extracted from different citrus varieties and fruit fractions. Major bioflavonoids such as hesperidin, naringin, naringenin, and PMFs, had restricted their incorporation into food and health products due to their poor solubility, chemical stability and bioavailability. Considering these limitations, modern encapsulation methodologies such as hydrogelation, liposomal interactions, emulsifications, and nanoparticles have been designed to shield bioflavonoids with improved target distribution for therapeutic enhancements. The size, durability, and binding efficiency of bioflavonoid-loaded encapsulates were acquired by the optimized chemical and instrumental parameters such as solubility, gelation, dispersion, extrusion, and drying. Bioflavonoid-enriched encapsulates have been also proven to be effective against cancer, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and various other illnesses. However, in the future, newer natural binding agents with higher binding capacity might accelerate the encapsulating potential, controlled release, and enhanced bioavailability of citrus bioflavonoids. Overall, these modern encapsulation systems are currently leading to a new era of diet-based medicine, as demand for citrus fruit-based nutritional supplements and edibles grows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Dadwal
- CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mahesh Gupta
- CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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