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Costa SA, Nascimento GG, Leite FRM, Ribeiro CCC, de Fatima Carvalho Souza S. Intake and serum levels of micronutrients and chronic oral diseases burden. Oral Dis 2024; 30:2685-2694. [PMID: 37288704 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate pathways from micronutrient intake and serum levels to Chronic Oral Diseases Burden. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional data from NHANES III (n = 7936) and NHANES 2011-2014 (n = 4929). The exposure was the intake and serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus. Considering the high correlation of those micronutrients in the diet, they were analyzed as a latent variable dubbed Micronutrient intake. The outcome was the Chronic Oral Diseases Burden, a latent variable formed by probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, furcation involvement, caries, and missing teeth. Pathways triggered by gender, age, socioeconomic status, obesity, smoking, and alcohol were also estimated using structural equation modeling. RESULTS In both NHANES cycles, micronutrient intake (p-value < 0.05) and vitamin D serum (p-value < 0.05) were associated with a lower Chronic Oral Diseases Burden. Micronutrient intake reduced the Chronic Oral Diseases Burden via vitamin D serum (p-value < 0.05). Obesity increased the Chronic Oral Diseases Burden by reducing vitamin D serum (p-value < 0.05). CONCLUSION Higher micronutrient intake and higher vitamin D serum levels seem to reduce Chronic Oral Diseases Burden. Healthy diet policies may jointly tackle caries, periodontitis, obesity, and other non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo G Nascimento
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
- Oral Health ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Fábio R M Leite
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
- Oral Health ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Cecilia Claudia Costa Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
- Department of Public Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
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Nasution DLI, Furuta M, Li H, Zakaria MN, Takeshita T, Peres MA, Yamashita Y. Longitudinal association between periodontal condition and glycaemic status in middle-aged adults: A cross-lagged panel analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1042-1050. [PMID: 36935202 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the existence of a bidirectional temporal relationship between periodontal condition and glycaemic status. MATERIALS AND METHODS This longitudinal study included 2198 participants with mean age 43.4 ± 7.7 years, who underwent dental examinations in Yokohama, Japan, at two time points, 2003-2004 and 2008-2009, at an interval of 5 years. Periodontal condition was assessed by the mean value of probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Glycaemic status was assessed by fasting glucose and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). RESULTS The cross-lagged panel models showed the effect of HbA1c at baseline on mean PPD at follow-up (β = 0.044, p = .039). There was a marginal effect of fasting glucose on the mean PPD (β = 0.037, p = .059). It was similar to the effect of fasting glucose or HbAlc on mean CAL. However, in the opposite direction, no effect of mean PPD or CAL at baseline on fasting glucose or HbAlc at follow-up was identified. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated a unidirectional relationship between glycaemic status and periodontal condition. The study population, however, had mostly mild periodontitis. Future studies are needed to investigate the effect of periodontal condition on glycaemic status in patients with severe periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi L I Nasution
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Indonesia
| | - Michiko Furuta
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huihua Li
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Health ACP, Health Services and Systems Research Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Myrna Nurlatifah Zakaria
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Indonesia
| | - Toru Takeshita
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Marco A Peres
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Health ACP, Health Services and Systems Research Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yoshihisa Yamashita
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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The Relationship between Nutrient Intake and Cataracts in the Older Adult Population of Korea. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234962. [PMID: 36500992 PMCID: PMC9739297 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataracts are a prevalent ophthalmic disease worldwide, and research on the risk factors for cataracts occurrence is actively being conducted. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nutrient intake and cataracts in the older adult population in Korea. We analyzed data from Korean adults over the age of 60 years (cataract: 2137, non-cataract: 3497) using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We performed univariate simple and multiple logistic regressions, adjusting for socio-demographic, medical history, and lifestyle, to identify the associations between nutrient intake and cataracts. A higher intake of vitamin B1 in the male group was associated with a lower incidence of cataracts. A lower intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin A, and a higher intake of vitamin B2 in the female group were associated with a higher incidence of cataracts. Our study demonstrated that polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin A, and vitamin B2 could affect the incidence of cataracts according to sex. The findings could be used to control nutrient intake for cataract prevention.
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Thomas C, Minty M, Vinel A, Canceill T, Loubières P, Burcelin R, Kaddech M, Blasco-Baque V, Laurencin-Dalicieux S. Oral Microbiota: A Major Player in the Diagnosis of Systemic Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1376. [PMID: 34441309 PMCID: PMC8391932 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is host to a complex and diverse microbiota community which plays an important role in health and disease. Major oral infections, i.e., caries and periodontal diseases, are both responsible for and induced by oral microbiota dysbiosis. This dysbiosis is known to have an impact on other chronic systemic diseases, whether triggering or aggravating them, making the oral microbiota a novel target in diagnosing, following, and treating systemic diseases. In this review, we summarize the major roles that oral microbiota can play in systemic disease development and aggravation and also how novel tools can help investigate this complex ecosystem. Finally, we describe new therapeutic approaches based on oral bacterial recolonization or host modulation therapies. Collaboration in diagnosis and treatment between oral specialists and general health specialists is of key importance in bridging oral and systemic health and disease and improving patients' wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Thomas
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Matthieu Minty
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexia Vinel
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Thibault Canceill
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
- UMR CNRS 5085, Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d’Ingénierie des Matériaux (CIRIMAT), Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraichers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Loubières
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
| | - Remy Burcelin
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
| | - Myriam Kaddech
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Blasco-Baque
- INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (A.V.); (P.L.); (R.B.); (V.B.-B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Sara Laurencin-Dalicieux
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France; (T.C.); (M.K.); (S.L.-D.)
- Service d’Odontologie Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR 1295, Centre d’Epidémiologie et de Recherche en Santé des Populations de Toulouse (CERPOP), Epidémiologie et Analyse en Santé Publique, Risques, Maladies Chroniques et Handicaps, 37 Allées Jules Guesdes, 31000 Toulouse, France
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Association of Interleukin-1 α Functional Polymorphism with Risk of Chronic Periodontitis in Han Chinese Population. Genet Res (Camb) 2021; 2021:6614835. [PMID: 33854406 PMCID: PMC8019642 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6614835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a common inflammatory illness affecting a large proportion of humans. Genetic factors are thought to play important roles in its onset and development. A functional polymorphism (rs1800587) in the promoter of the interleukin-1α gene (−889 C/T) has been found to confer risk of CP primarily in Europeans, but the association between this variant and CP in the Chinese population remains less conclusive. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association between rs1800587 and CP in case-control samples of Han Chinese origin. A total of 1,777 study subjects, including 884 CP patients and 893 healthy controls, were collected. Genotyping of rs1800587 was performed using the SNAPSHOT method, and statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between rs1800587 and CP. In our sample, rs1800587 was significantly associated with the onset of CP (additive model, T-allele vs. C-allele, p = 0.00359, odds ratio = 1.446, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.127–1.855; dominant model, (TT + TC) vs. CC, p = 0.00250, odds ratio = 1.502, 95% CIs = 1.152–1.957; overdominant model, TC vs. (TT + CC), p = 0.00264, odds ratio = 1.508, 95% CIs = 1.152–1.976). The T-allele and [TC] genotypes of rs1800587 were significantly overrepresented in CP patients compared with controls. Our data suggest that rs1800587 of IL-1α is significantly associated with the risk of CP in Han Chinese subjects, further confirming its possible involvement in the disease.
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Deng Z, Fuller-Thomson E. Temporal Trends over a Decade in Serious Vision Impairment in a Large, Nationally Representative Population-based Sample of Older Americans: Gender, Cohort and Racial/Ethnic Differences. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2021; 29:39-48. [PMID: 33645427 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2021.1889001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The objectives of this study are:1)To identify temporal trends in the age-sex-race/ethnicity adjusted prevalence of vision impairment among Americans aged 65+ from 2008-2017; To determine if these temporal trends in vision impairment differ by 2)gender and age cohort, and 3)race/ethnicity, and; 4)To investigate if improvements in cohort educational attainment partially attenuate these trends.Methods: Secondary analysis of 10 years of annual nationally-representative data from the American Community Survey with 5.4 million community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults aged 65+. The question on vision impairment was "Is this person blind or does he/she have serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses?".Results: The prevalence of serious vision impairment in the US population aged 65+ declined from 8.3% to 6.6% between 2008 and 2017. There would have been an additional 848,000 older Americans with serious vision impairment in 2017 if rates had remained at the 2008 level. After age, sex and race/ethnicity were controlled, women had a 2.1% per year decline in the odds of vision impairment (OR = 0.979; CI = 0.977, 0.980), which represents a 21% decline over the decade, and men had a 9% decline over the decade (OR = 0.991; CI = 0.989, 0.993). Adjusting for education attenuated the decade decline among women, reducing it to 13%, and completely attenuated the decline among men. Most of the decline was among those aged 75+. Racial/ethnic disparities narrowed over the decade.Conclusion: Between 2008 and 2017, the prevalence of serious vision impairment among older Americans declined significantly, with steeper declines among African Americans and Hispanic Americans than among non-Hispanic White Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhiDi Deng
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Esme Fuller-Thomson
- Director of the Institute for Life Course & Aging, Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, Cross-appointed to the Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Baskaradoss JK. Relationship between oral health literacy and oral health status. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18:172. [PMID: 30355347 PMCID: PMC6201552 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health literacy has been found to be a strong predictor of an individuals’ health, health behavior and health outcomes. Lower literacy has been linked to problems with the use of preventive services, delayed diagnoses of medical conditions, poor adherence to medical instructions, poor self-management skills, increased mortality risks, poor health outcomes, and higher health care costs. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between oral health literacy (OHL) and oral health status among patients attending a University-affiliated dental clinic. Methods A convenience sample of participants was drawn from the dental patients presenting at School of Dental Medicine (SODM), Case Western Reserve University (CWRU). Information about the subjects’ demographic details, income, family size, insurance type and smoking history were collected using a data collection form. Data about the patients’ periodontal and caries risk assessment, caries experience and periodontal status was extracted from the patients’ electronic dental records. The Comprehensive Measure of Oral Health Knowledge (CMOHK) was used to record the oral health literacy. The median CMOHK score was 18, and this was used to categorize the sample into limited OHL (≤18) and adequate OHL (> 18) groups. A multivariate logistic regression model was built to examine the associations between the various independent variables and OHL levels. Results Data of 150 respondents were analyzed. More than half of the participants were female (55.3%) and the majority were Caucasian (60%). The average age of participants was 53.3 years [standard deviation (SD) 16.8]. Higher percentage of African Americans and individuals with low education had limited OHL levels (p < 0.05). The mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) score for this population was 7.33 ± 2.68. Subjects with limited OHL had significantly higher mean values for missing teeth (p < 0.05) and lower mean values for filled teeth (p < 0.05) as compared with subjects with adequate OHL Significantly, higher percentage of subjects with limited OHL had severe periodontitis as compared with those with adequate OHL (p = 0.04). Multivariate analysis found that the periodontal status was significantly associated with the OHL scores (p = 0.015). Conclusion Subjects with limited OHL levels had poorer periodontal health. Improving the OHL of patients may help in the efforts to improve the adherence to medical instructions, self-management skills and the overall treatment outcomes. Future research could focus on assessing the impact of OHL interventions on the oral health, which could be valuable for clinical practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagan Kumar Baskaradoss
- Division of Dental Public Health, Department of Developmental and Preventive Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, P.O.Box: 24923, -13110, Safat, Kuwait.
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Frencken JE, Sharma P, Stenhouse L, Green D, Laverty D, Dietrich T. Global epidemiology of dental caries and severe periodontitis - a comprehensive review. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 44 Suppl 18:S94-S105. [PMID: 28266116 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 495] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries and periodontitis are the most common oral diseases and major causes of tooth loss. AIM To perform a review of global prevalence and incidence of dental caries and periodontitis. METHODOLOGY Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed. MEDLINE database and EMBASE database were used to search for eligible publications using keywords and MeSH terms. Additionally, WHO databank was used for obtaining dental caries information and PUBMED for a search on trends of dental caries prevalence and severity. RESULTS Over the last four decades, the prevalence and severity of dentine carious lesions among 5- and 12-year-olds have declined; the decay-component is very high, with the lowest prevalence among 12-year-olds in high-income countries, which also had the lowest prevalence among 35- to 44-year-olds; and the number of retained teeth has increased around the globe. The prevalence of periodontitis is high, with approximately 10% of the global population affected by severe periodontitis. Study heterogeneity and methodological issues hamper comparisons across studies and over time. CONCLUSION While the prevalence of dental caries has decreased, the disease is prevalent in all age groups. The prevalence of periodontitis is high. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that the prevalence of periodontitis has changed over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo E Frencken
- Department of Oral Function and Prosthetic Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Periodontal Research Group, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Dental School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura Stenhouse
- Department of Special Care Dentistry, Birmingham Dental Hospital and School of Dentistry, Birmingham, UK
| | - David Green
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Birmingham Dental Hospital and School of Dentistry, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dominic Laverty
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Birmingham Dental Hospital and School of Dentistry, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas Dietrich
- Periodontal Research Group, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Dental School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Wahlin Å, Papias A, Jansson H, Norderyd O. Secular trends over 40 years of periodontal health and disease in individuals aged 20-80 years in Jönköping, Sweden: Repeated cross-sectional studies. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:1016-1024. [PMID: 29971805 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess trends over 40 years regarding prevalence and severity of periodontitis in a Swedish adult population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional examinations using the same clinical protocol have been repeated every 10 years (1973-2013) in a Swedish city with focus on periodontal disease in adults. Periodontal recordings included all teeth, excluding 3rd molars. Periodontal disease experience was classified (no/minor, moderate and severe). RESULTS The no/minor group increased from 43% in 1983 to 60% in 2013. There was a non-significant trend for a decrease of the severe group. Over the 40-year period, the number of teeth increased significantly and at the examination 2013, the severe group accounted for this increase. More than 60% of the study population in 2013 had no periodontal pockets (PD) ≥6 mm. The number of PD ≥4 mm and ≥6 mm were unaltered between 2003 and 2013 in all age groups, except for the 20-year old individuals. This group showed a statistically significant increase of ≥4 mm PD. CONCLUSIONS The periodontal health has improved in the population over the 40 years. The number of teeth increased significantly in the population, and in 2013, this increase occurred entirely in the severe group. Finally, there was a trend toward diminished prevalence of severe periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Wahlin
- The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden.,Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Apostolos Papias
- The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Henrik Jansson
- The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden.,Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Biomedicine and Natural Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Centre for Oral Health, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Ola Norderyd
- The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden.,Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Biomedicine and Natural Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Centre for Oral Health, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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Holde GE, Oscarson N, Trovik TA, Tillberg A, Jönsson B. Periodontitis Prevalence and Severity in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Norwegian Circumpolar Communities. J Periodontol 2017; 88:1012-1022. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.170164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gro Eirin Holde
- The Public Dental Health Service Competence Center of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nils Oscarson
- The Public Dental Health Service Competence Center of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tordis A. Trovik
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway
| | - Anders Tillberg
- The Public Dental Health Service Competence Center of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Birgitta Jönsson
- The Public Dental Health Service Competence Center of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
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Association between periodontitis and the risk of palindromic rheumatism: A nationwide, population-based, case-control study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182284. [PMID: 28771535 PMCID: PMC5542542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the association between a history of periodontitis (PD) and the risk of incident palindromic rheumatism (PR). METHODS Using a nationwide, administrative database, this study identified 4,421 newly-diagnosed PR cases from 2007 to 2012 and randomly selected 44,210 non-PR controls matched (1:10) for sex, age and the year of the index date. After adjusting for comorbid diabetes mellitus, we estimated the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using conditional logistic regression analysis to quantify the association between a history of PD and the risk of PR. The influences of the lag time and severity of PD were examined by calculating ORs for subgroups of patients based on the time interval between the last PD-related visit and the index date and PD-related cumulative cost and number of visit. RESULTS This study showed an association between a history of PD and incident PR (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.41-1.61). The association remained significant after variation of PD definitions. The magnitude of the association was greater in those with shorter lag time between the latest date of PD diagnosis and PR index date and those who had a higher number of visits for PD or a greater cumulative cost for PD-related visits. After excluding 569 PR patients who developed rheumatoid arthritis after the index date, we found a consistent time- and dose-dependent association between PD and PR risk. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated a time- and dose-dependent association between PD exposure and PR risk.
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Persson GR. Dental geriatrics and periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2017; 74:102-115. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Khocht A, Rogers T, Janal MN, Brown M. Gingival Fluid Inflammatory Biomarkers and Hypertension in African Americans. JDR Clin Trans Res 2017; 2:269-277. [PMID: 28879249 DOI: 10.1177/2380084417694335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and periodontitis are highly prevalent among African Americans. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationships among inflammatory biomarkers in the gingival fluid, periodontitis, and blood pressure in these individuals. Twenty-one subjects who reported a diagnosis of hypertension and a comparison group of 26 nonhypertensive participants were enrolled. All were African Americans, non-cigarette smoking, and free from other systemic illness. Blood pressure and body mass index were assessed. A comprehensive periodontal examination was performed. Gingival fluid was collected from 3 healthy sites and 3 diseased sites when available. Samples were assessed for 8-isoprostane, interleukin 1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), C-reactive protein (CRP), and matrix metalloproteinase 8. Regardless of hypertension status, diseased sites were associated with increased levels of these biomarkers. CRP and TNFα levels were also significantly higher in hypertensive than nonhypertensive individuals without diseased sites. After adjusting for demographics and body mass index, periodontal attachment loss was higher among hypertensive than nonhypertensive subjects. TNFα and CRP levels and hypertension were in the same association pathway with attachment loss. Elevated blood pressure may increase the risk of periodontitis through a localized inflammatory mechanism. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can be used by clinicians to better understand the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontitis in hypertensive individuals in general and African Americans in particular. The information could lead to better management of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khocht
- Department of Periodontics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - T Rogers
- Center for Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M N Janal
- College of Dentistry, New York University, NY, USA
| | - M Brown
- Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
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ANTONIAZZI RP, SARI AR, CASARIN M, MORAES CMBD, FELDENS CA. Association between crack cocaine use and reduced salivary flow. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e42. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Klivitsky A, Tasher D, Stein M, Gavron E, Somekh E. Hospitalizations for dental infections: optimally versus nonoptimally fluoridated areas in Israel. J Am Dent Assoc 2016; 146:179-83. [PMID: 25726345 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Odontogenic infections may result in local, systemic, and even potentially life-threatening complications. The authors investigated whether water fluoridation was associated with reduction in rates of hospitalizations due to odontogenic infections. METHODS The authors included cities in Israel that had fluoride concentrations of either 0.7 milligrams per liter or more (optimally fluoridated) or 0.5 mg/L or less (nonoptimally fluoridated) and that had a public water fluoride concentration consistent for the last decade. The authors compared hospitalization rates (per 10,000 children) for odontogenic infections in children younger than 18 years in each socioeconomic group between optimally and nonoptimally fluoridated cities. RESULTS The authors included 1,413 hospitalizations between January 2005 and December 2011 of children residing in the 38 studied municipalities. The cities with the higher fluoride concentration reported a lower hospitalization rate (2.0 versus 4.3 for cities with a lower fluoride concentration; relative risk [RR]: 2.16; P < .001). When the authors divided cities into 3 socioeconomic groups, a large difference in hospitalization rates was seen in the lowest socioeconomic group (10.1 versus 2.6; RR: 3.79; P < .001) and the middle socioeconomic group (3.6 versus 1.9; RR: 2.35; P < .001) in optimally and nonoptimally fluoridated cities, respectively. No significant difference in hospitalization rates was apparent between the 2 fluoridation groups in the higher socioeconomic level. CONCLUSIONS These results clearly indicate that there is an association between adequacy of water fluoridation and hospitalization due to dental infections among children and adolescents. This effect is more prominent in populations of lower socioeconomic status. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Water fluoridation is associated with reduction in dental health disparity.
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Antoniazzi RP, Zanatta FB, Rösing CK, Feldens CA. Association Among Periodontitis and the Use of Crack Cocaine and Other Illicit Drugs. J Periodontol 2016; 87:1396-1405. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.150732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Maret D, Peters OA, Vigarios E, Epstein JB, van der Sluis L. Dental screening of medical patients for oral infections and inflammation: consideration of risk and benefit. Microbes Infect 2016; 19:84-90. [PMID: 27773850 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The primary purpose of preoperative dental screening of medical patients is to detect acute or chronic oral conditions that may require management prior to planned medical interventions. The aim of this communication is to discuss the background of preoperative dental screening and the link between dental pathologies and systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Maret
- Laboratoire Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR 5288, CNRS, Toulouse, France; Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Toulouse, France.
| | - Ove A Peters
- Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific, Arthur A Dugoni, School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Vigarios
- Oral Oncology Department, Comprehensive Cancer Center Institut Claudius-Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Joel B Epstein
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angelès, CA, USA
| | - Lucas van der Sluis
- Center of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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Prevalence of periodontitis according to Hispanic or Latino background among study participants of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. J Am Dent Assoc 2016; 145:805-16. [PMID: 25082929 DOI: 10.14219/jada.2014.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hispanics and Latinos are an ethnically heterogeneous population with distinct oral health risk profiles. Few study investigators have examined potential variation in the burden of periodontitis according to Hispanic or Latino background. METHODS The authors used a multicenter longitudinal population-based cohort study to examine the periodontal health status at screening (2008-2011) of 14,006 Hispanic and Latino adults, aged 18 to 74 years, from four U.S. communities who self-identified as Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Central American or South American. The authors present weighted, age-standardized prevalence estimates and corrected standard errors of probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL) and periodontitis classified according to the case definition established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Periodontology (CDC-AAP). The authors used a Wald χ(2) test to compare prevalence estimates across Hispanic or Latino background, age and sex. RESULTS Fifty-one percent of all participants had exhibited total periodontitis (mild, moderate or severe) per the CDC-AAP classification. Cubans and Central Americans exhibited the highest prevalence of moderate periodontitis (39.9 percent and 37.2 percent, respectively). Across all ages, Mexicans had the highest prevalence of PD across severity thresholds. Among those aged 18 through 44 years, Dominicans consistently had the lowest prevalence of AL at all severity thresholds. CONCLUSIONS Measures of periodontitis varied significantly by age, sex and Hispanic or Latino background among the four sampled Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos communities. Further analyses are needed to account for lifestyle, behavioral, demographic and social factors, including those related to acculturation. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Aggregating Hispanics and Latinos or using estimates from Mexicans may lead to substantial underestimation or overestimation of the burden of disease, thus leading to errors in the estimation of needed clinical and public health resources. This information will be useful in informing decisions from public health planning to patient-centered risk assessment.
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Xiao W, Dong G, Pacios S, Alnammary M, Barger LA, Wang Y, Wu Y, Graves DT. FOXO1 deletion reduces dendritic cell function and enhances susceptibility to periodontitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1085-93. [PMID: 25794707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The host response plays both protective and destructive roles in periodontitis. FOXO1 is a transcription factor that is activated in dendritic cells (DCs), but its function in vivo has not been examined. We investigated the role of FOXO1 in activating DCs in experimental (CD11c.Cre(+).FOXO1(L/L)) compared with matched control mice (CD11c.Cre(-).FOXO1(L/L)) in response to oral pathogens. Lineage-specific FOXO1 deletion reduced the recruitment of DCs to oral mucosal epithelium by approximately 40%. FOXO1 was needed for expression of genes that regulate migration, including integrins αν and β3 and matrix metalloproteinase-2. Ablation of FOXO1 in DCs significantly decreased IL-12 produced by DCs in mucosal surfaces. Moreover, FOXO1 deletion reduced migration of DCs to lymph nodes, reduced capacity of DCs to induce formation of plasma cells, and reduced production of bacteria-specific antibody. The decrease in DC function in the experimental mice led to increased susceptibility to periodontitis through a mechanism that involved a compensatory increase in osteoclastogenic factors, IL-1β, IL-17, and RANKL. Thus, we reveal a critical role for FOXO1 in DC recruitment to oral mucosal epithelium and activation of adaptive immunity induced by oral inoculation of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmei Xiao
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Guangyu Dong
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sandra Pacios
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maher Alnammary
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura A Barger
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Implantology, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Grubbs V, Vittinghoff E, Taylor G, Kritz-Silverstein D, Powe N, Bibbins-Domingo K, Ishani A, Cummings SR. The association of periodontal disease with kidney function decline: a longitudinal retrospective analysis of the MrOS dental study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 31:466-72. [PMID: 26320037 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying modifiable risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) is essential for reducing its burden. Periodontal disease is common, modifiable and has been implicated as a novel potential CKD risk factor, but evidence of its association with kidney function decline over time is limited. METHODS In a longitudinal retrospective cohort of 761 elderly men with preserved kidney function [estimated glomerular filtration rate > 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) using a calibrated creatinine and cystatin C (eGFRcr-cys) equation] at baseline, we performed multivariable Poisson's regression to examine the association of severe periodontal disease with incident CKD, defined as incident eGFRcr-cys <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and rapid (>5% annualized) eGFRcr-cys decline. Severe periodontal disease was defined in two ways: (i) ≥5 mm proximal attachment loss in 30% of teeth examined (European Workshop in Periodontology Group C, European Workshop); and (ii) 2+ interproximal sites with attachment loss ≥6 mm and 1+ interproximal sites with probing depth ≥5 mm (Centers for Disease Control/American Academy of Periodontology, CDC/AAP). RESULTS At baseline, the mean age was 73.4 (SD 4.8) years, the median eGFRcr-cys was 82.4 mL/min/1.73 m(2), and 35.5 and 25.4% of participants had severe periodontal disease by European Workshop and CDC/AAP criteria, respectively. After a mean follow-up of 4.9 years (SD 0.3), 56 (7.4%) participants had incident CKD. Severe periodontal disease was associated with a 2-fold greater rate of incident CKD [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 2.01 (1.21-3.44), P = 0.007] after adjusting for confounders compared with not severe periodontal disease by European Workshop criteria but did not reach statistical significance by CDC/AAP criteria [IRR 1.10 (0.63-1.91), P = 0.9]. CONCLUSIONS Severe periodontal disease may be associated with incident clinically significant kidney function decline among a cohort of elderly men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Grubbs
- Division of Nephrology, University of California, San Francisco/San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Vittinghoff
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - George Taylor
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco,San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Donna Kritz-Silverstein
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Neil Powe
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco/San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Areef Ishani
- Division of Nephrology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Grubbs V, Vittinghoff E, Beck JD, Kshirsagar AV, Wang W, Griswold ME, Powe NR, Correa A, Young B. Association Between Periodontal Disease and Kidney Function Decline in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study. J Periodontol 2015; 86:1126-32. [PMID: 26110451 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a prevalent public health problem that disproportionately affects African Americans, despite intense efforts targeting traditional risk factors. Periodontal disease, a chronic bacterial infection of the oral cavity, is both common and modifiable and has been implicated as a novel potential CKD risk factor. The authors seek to examine to what extent periodontal disease is associated with kidney function decline. METHODS This retrospective cohort study examines 699 African American participants with preserved kidney function (defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >60 mL/minute/1.73 m(2) at baseline) who underwent complete dental examinations as part of the Dental-Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (1996 to 1998) and subsequently enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study (2000 to 2004). Using multivariable Poisson regression, the authors examined the association of periodontal disease (severe versus non-severe) with incident CKD, defined as incident eGFR <60 mL/minute/1.73 m(2) and rapid (5% annualized) eGFR decline at follow-up among those with preserved eGFR at baseline. RESULTS Mean (± SD) age at baseline was 65.4 (± 5.2) years, and 16.3% (n = 114) had severe periodontal disease. There were 21 cases (3.0%) of incident CKD after a mean follow-up of 4.8 (± 0.6) years. Compared with participants with non-severe periodontal disease, those with severe periodontal disease had a four-fold greater rate of incident CKD (adjusted incidence rate ratio 4.18 [95% confidence interval 1.68 to 10.39], P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Severe periodontal disease is prevalent among a population at high risk for CKD and is associated with clinically significant kidney function decline. Further research is needed to determine if periodontal disease treatment alters the trajectory of renal deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Grubbs
- Division of Nephrology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Division of Nephrology, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA
| | - Eric Vittinghoff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California-San Francisco
| | - James D Beck
- School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Abhijit V Kshirsagar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
| | - Wei Wang
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Michael E Griswold
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Neil R Powe
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center
| | - Bessie Young
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Sanchez-Torres D, Gutierrez-Bejarano D, Hurtado-Roca Y, Guallar-Castillon P, Muntner P, Laclaustra M. Non-linear association of periodontal pathogen antibodies with mortality. Int J Cardiol 2015; 187:628-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Vražić D, Miovski Z, Strozzi M, Puhar I, Badovinac A, Božić D, Plančak D. Periodontal Disease and its Association with Angiographically Verified Coronary Artery Disease. Acta Stomatol Croat 2015; 49:14-20. [PMID: 27688381 PMCID: PMC4945348 DOI: 10.15644/asc49/1/2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this research was to investigate the association of chronic and aggressive periodontitis with the severity of coronary artery disease which was angiographically verified. MATERIAL AND METHODS Subjects were selected among the hospitalized patients at the University Hospital Centre Zagreb who had coronary angiography done because of the chest pain. Thorough clinical examination included periodontal indices and clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of participants. Subjects were divided in two test groups, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and stable coronary artery disease (CAD), and the control group with no significant CAD. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson's Chi-Square test. RESULTS From 106 subjects, 66 (62.3%) were hospitalized for ACS, 22 (20.7%) had stable CAD and only 18 (17.0%) had no significant CAD. Only 26 (24.5%) out of 106 patients were never smokers (p<0.05). Chronic periodontitis was the most common finding with 68.2% in ACS group and 54.5% in stable CAD group, while healthy patients without periodontitis (72.6%) were dominant in the control group (p<0.001). Stable CAD group had the highest mean probing depth (PD) 3.92±1.16, gingival recession (GR) 1.34±0.78, clinical attachment level (CAL) 4.60±1.41 and bleeding on probing (BOP) 45.98±26.19 values, whereas ACS group had mean PD value of 3.77±0.91, GR 1.11±0.66, CAL 4.32±1.08 and BOP 41.30±22.09, and no significant CAD group had mean PD value of 3.27±0.97, GR 0.69±0.37, CAL 3.62±1.04 and BOP 26.39±13.92 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Periodontitis was shown to be associated with angiographically verified coronary artery disease. Physical inactivity, poor oral hygiene and periodontal inflammation were observed in patients with ACS and stable CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domagoj Vražić
- Zavod za parodontologiju Stomatološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu i Klinički zavod za parodontologiju Kliničkog bolničkog centra Zagreb, Hrvatska
Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, and Clinical Department of Periodontology, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Miovski
- Klinika za bolesti srca i krvnih žila Kliničkog bolničkog centra Zagreb, Hrvatska
Department for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Strozzi
- Klinika za bolesti srca i krvnih žila Kliničkog bolničkog centra Zagreb, Hrvatska
Department for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Puhar
- Zavod za parodontologiju Stomatološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu i Klinički zavod za parodontologiju Kliničkog bolničkog centra Zagreb, Hrvatska
Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, and Clinical Department of Periodontology, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Badovinac
- Zavod za parodontologiju Stomatološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu i Klinički zavod za parodontologiju Kliničkog bolničkog centra Zagreb, Hrvatska
Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, and Clinical Department of Periodontology, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Božić
- Zavod za parodontologiju Stomatološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu i Klinički zavod za parodontologiju Kliničkog bolničkog centra Zagreb, Hrvatska
Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, and Clinical Department of Periodontology, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darije Plančak
- Zavod za parodontologiju Stomatološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu i Klinički zavod za parodontologiju Kliničkog bolničkog centra Zagreb, Hrvatska
Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, and Clinical Department of Periodontology, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Croatia
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Relvas M, Tomás I, Salazar F, Velazco C, Blanco J, Diz P. Reliability of partial-mouth recording systems to determine periodontal status: a pilot study in an adult Portuguese population. J Periodontol 2013; 85:e188-97. [PMID: 24224960 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of various partial-mouth recording (PMR) systems is analyzed in the evaluation of periodontal status, using index teeth and different combinations of quadrants. METHODS The study group was formed of 108 adults aged 25 to 65 years old. A full-mouth examination (FME) was performed in all participants to determine the periodontal probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) at six sites per tooth. The results of PMR using the Ramfjord teeth, the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs teeth, and the four quadrants individually and combined in pairs were compared to the results obtained with FME. RESULTS Concordance with FME in terms of the prevalence of patients with PD ≥4 mm, CAL ≥2 mm, and CAL ≥4 mm was lowest with examination of single quadrants and highest with combinations that included one superior and one inferior quadrant. CONCLUSIONS PMR systems, particularly with combinations of a superior plus an inferior quadrant, could be useful to evaluate periodontal status based on PD and CAL. This tool could be useful for epidemiologic surveys on periodontal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Relvas
- School of Dentistry, Northern Higher Institute of Health Sciencies, Porto, Portugal
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Mason MR, Nagaraja HN, Camerlengo T, Joshi V, Kumar PS. Deep sequencing identifies ethnicity-specific bacterial signatures in the oral microbiome. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77287. [PMID: 24194878 PMCID: PMC3806732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral infections have a strong ethnic predilection; suggesting that ethnicity is a critical determinant of oral microbial colonization. Dental plaque and saliva samples from 192 subjects belonging to four major ethnicities in the United States were analyzed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-RFLP) and 16S pyrosequencing. Ethnicity-specific clustering of microbial communities was apparent in saliva and subgingival biofilms, and a machine-learning classifier was capable of identifying an individual’s ethnicity from subgingival microbial signatures. The classifier identified African Americans with a 100% sensitivity and 74% specificity and Caucasians with a 50% sensitivity and 91% specificity. The data demonstrates a significant association between ethnic affiliation and the composition of the oral microbiome; to the extent that these microbial signatures appear to be capable of discriminating between ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Mason
- Division of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Haikady N. Nagaraja
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Terry Camerlengo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Vinayak Joshi
- Department of Periodontics, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, India
| | - Purnima S. Kumar
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Liu Y, Li Z, Walker MP. Social disparities in dentition status among American adults. Int Dent J 2013; 64:52-7. [PMID: 24117172 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the overall dentition status of American adults, to investigate disparities and changes in dentition using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2005-2006 and 2007-2008 and to study the effects of family poverty status, education, citizenship and language on dentition after adjusting for other demographics. METHODS Descriptive statistics were used to explore and summarise dentition status. The prevalence of dentition markers over two surveys were compared using tests of proportions and a series of regressions were used to estimate the strength of association of family poverty status, education, citizenship and language with the four markers of dentition status. RESULTS Overall, dentition status has improved in adults. However, gaps exist in that non-Hispanic Black and Mexican-Americans have a higher prevalence of dental decay and lower restoration rates than other races. After adjusting for selected demographics, adults with less education (<12 years) and lower family income had significantly higher dental decay rates, lower restoration rates and more missing teeth than those with more education (≥12 years) and those with higher family incomes. CONCLUSION This study indicates that disparities in dentition associated with race/ethnicity, education and income still exist among adults in the USA. The results also indicate that to improve overall oral health and close the existing gaps in oral health, increased access to dental care would be needed for people who have low incomes and low levels of education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- School of Dentistry, University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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McKee MD, Hoac B, Addison WN, Barros NM, Millán JL, Chaussain C. Extracellular matrix mineralization in periodontal tissues: Noncollagenous matrix proteins, enzymes, and relationship to hypophosphatasia and X-linked hypophosphatemia. Periodontol 2000 2013; 63:102-22. [PMID: 23931057 PMCID: PMC3766584 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As broadly demonstrated for the formation of a functional skeleton, proper mineralization of periodontal alveolar bone and teeth - where calcium phosphate crystals are deposited and grow within an extracellular matrix - is essential for dental function. Mineralization defects in tooth dentin and cementum of the periodontium invariably lead to a weak (soft or brittle) dentition in which teeth become loose and prone to infection and are lost prematurely. Mineralization of the extremities of periodontal ligament fibers (Sharpey's fibers) where they insert into tooth cementum and alveolar bone is also essential for the function of the tooth-suspensory apparatus in occlusion and mastication. Molecular determinants of mineralization in these tissues include mineral ion concentrations (phosphate and calcium), pyrophosphate, small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins and matrix vesicles. Amongst the enzymes important in regulating these mineralization determinants, two are discussed at length here, with clinical examples given, namely tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase and phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome. Inactivating mutations in these enzymes in humans and in mouse models lead to the soft bones and teeth characteristic of hypophosphatasia and X-linked hypophosphatemia, respectively, where the levels of local and systemic circulating mineralization determinants are perturbed. In X-linked hypophosphatemia, in addition to renal phosphate wasting causing low circulating phosphate levels, phosphorylated mineralization-regulating small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins, such as matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein and osteopontin, and the phosphorylated peptides proteolytically released from them, such as the acidic serine- and aspartate-rich-motif peptide, may accumulate locally to impair mineralization in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc D. McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Betty Hoac
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William N. Addison
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nilana M.T. Barros
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, and Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- EA 2496, UFR Odontologie, University Paris Descartes PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité; AP-HP: Odontology Department Bretonneau, Paris and Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Métabolisme du Phosphore et du Calcium, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Kim DW, Park JC, Rim TT, Jung UW, Kim CS, Donos N, Cha IH, Choi SH. Socioeconomic disparities of periodontitis in Koreans based on the KNHANES IV. Oral Dis 2013; 20:551-9. [PMID: 24033864 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify the socioeconomic factors associated with the prevalence of periodontitis in Koreans. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 12 763 subjects, 15 years old and above, who underwent periodontal examinations were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV (2007-209). Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were applied to estimate the association between socioeconomic indicators and prevalence of periodontitis. RESULTS A significant association was found between increasing age and periodontitis. Participants with higher income were less likely to have periodontitis (aOR = 0.9 and 95% CI = 0.78-0.98, and aOR = 0.7 and 95% CI = 0.60-0.80 in the middle and highest quintiles of monthly household income, respectively). In addition, participants living in rural areas were less likely to have periodontitis (aOR = 0.9 and 95% CI = 0.81-0.99), and current smokers were more likely to have periodontitis (aOR = 1.7 and 95% CI = 1.49-1.89). The analysis of comorbidities revealed that individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) were significantly more likely to have periodontitis (aOR = 1.4 and 95% CI = 1.18-1.68). CONCLUSIONS In a rapidly increasing Korean population, the lower socioeconomic groups as well as individuals with DM were significantly more likely to present with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Fejerskov O, Escobar G, Jøssing M, Baelum V. A functional natural dentition for all - and for life? The oral healthcare system needs revision. J Oral Rehabil 2013; 40:707-22. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Fejerskov
- Department of Biomedicine; University of Aarhus; Aarhus Denmark
| | - G. Escobar
- Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Antioquia; Medellin Colombia
| | | | - V. Baelum
- Department of Dentistry; University of Aarhus; Aarhus Denmark
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Primary care, the dental profession, and the prevalence of chronic diseases in the United States. Dent Clin North Am 2013; 56:699-730. [PMID: 23017547 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The population of the United States is aging rapidly, and the prevalence of chronic diseases will increase as the population grows and ages. The management of chronic illnesses will become an increasing burden for primary care providers. This article suggests that dentists may need to monitor chronic disease and control the risk factors (ie, provide primary care) for their own dental patients.
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Antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties of azithromycin treatment implications for periodontitis. Inflammopharmacology 2013; 21:321-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-012-0165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Chiapinotto FA, Vargas-Ferreira F, Demarco FF, Corrêa FOB, Masotti AS. Risk factors for gingivitis in a group of Brazilian schoolchildren. J Public Health Dent 2012; 73:9-17. [DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Flávio Fernando Demarco
- Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry and Epidemiology; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas RS Brazil
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Seo WH, Cho ER, Thomas RJ, An SY, Ryu JJ, Kim H, Shin C. The association between periodontitis and obstructive sleep apnea: a preliminary study. J Periodontal Res 2012. [PMID: 23199371 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is becoming a highly prevalent disease worldwide. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder that is characterized by repeated disruptions in breathing during sleep, and mouth breathing is a common characteristic among patients with OSA. We aimed to assess the hypothesis that OSA is associated with the onset and progression of periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of a total of 687 participants (460 men and 227 women), 47-77 years of age, who were examined between August 2009 and September 2010 as part of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The participants underwent standard polysomnography, clinical periodontal examination and health-screening examinations. Periodontitis was defined as clinical attachment level (CAL) ≥ 6 mm and probing pocket depth ≥ 4 mm. OSA was determined using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), and an AHI score of ≥ 5 was the cut-off used to indicate the presence of OSA. RESULTS The results showed that 17.5% of the participants had periodontitis, 46.6% had OSA and 60.0% who were diagnosed with periodontitis had OSA. In our study, old age, male gender, current smoking status, mouth breathing during sleep and high AHI were identified as risk factors for periodontitis. OSA was positively associated with periodontitis [odds ratio (OR) = 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18-2.87], probing pocket depth (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.30-3.77) and CAL (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.07-3.21) in a dose-response manner. Additionally, OSA was positively associated with periodontitis (OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.37-4.62) in subjects ≥ 55 years of age, but not in subjects < 55 years of age. CONCLUSION There is a significant association between OSA and periodontal disease. Further research is needed to clarify the causal relationship between the two conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
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Kim JK, Baker LA, Seirawan H, Crimmins EM. Prevalence of oral health problems in U.S. adults, NHANES 1999-2004: exploring differences by age, education, and race/ethnicity. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2012; 32:234-41. [PMID: 23095066 PMCID: PMC3552432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.2012.00280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 1999-2004, the authors examined age patterns in oral health indicators by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status related to edentulism, presence of root caries, and periodontal disease. Our analysis included subjects who were non-Hispanic White, Mexican American, and African American over the age of 20, and who participated in the NHANES oral health examination. African Americans experienced more oral health problems at younger ages; as age increased, so did racial disparities in oral health problems. Lower educational attainment was strongly associated with more oral health problems at all ages. These results may indicate a faster progression of oral health problems with age among African Americans, thus suggesting that the "earlier aging" of members of racial/ethnic minorities which has been reported in prior research may also be found in oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ki Kim
- Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Hazem Seirawan
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California
| | - Eileen M. Crimmins
- Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Renvert S, Persson RE, Persson GR. Tooth loss and periodontitis in older individuals: results from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care. J Periodontol 2012; 84:1134-44. [PMID: 23088532 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.120378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the increasing number of older people, there is a need for studies focused on this population. The aims of the present study are to assess oral and systemic conditions in individuals aged 60 to 95 years with access to dental insurance. METHODS Probing depths (PDs), tooth loss, alveolar bone levels, and systemic health were studied among a representative cohort of older individuals. RESULTS A total of 1,147 individuals in young-old (aged 60 or 67 years), old (aged 72 or 78 years), and old-old (aged ≥81 years) age groups were enrolled, including 200 individuals who were edentulous, in this study. Annual dental care was received by 82% of dentate individuals. Systemic diseases were common (diabetes: 5.8%; cardiovascular diseases: 20.7%; obesity: 71.2%; elevated C-reactive protein [CRP]: 98.4%). Serum CRP values were unrelated to periodontal conditions. Rates of periodontitis, defined as ≥30% of sites with a distance from cemento-enamel junction to bone of ≥5 mm, were 11.2% in women in the young-old age group and 44.9% in men in the old-old age group. Individuals in older age groups had a higher likelihood of periodontitis defined by bone loss and cutoff levels of PD ≥5 mm (odds ratio: 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.2 to 2.5; P <0.01). A total of 7% of individuals in the old-old age group had ≥20 teeth and no periodontitis. Systemic diseases, dental use, or smoking were not explanatory, whereas age and sex were explanatory for periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of periodontitis increased with age. Sex seems to be the dominant explanatory factor for periodontitis in older individuals. Despite frequent dental visits, overall oral health in the oldest age cohort was poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Renvert
- Oral Health Sciences, University of Kristianstad, Kristianstad, Sweden
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Borrell LN, Talih M. Examining periodontal disease disparities among U.S. adults 20 years of age and older: NHANES III (1988-1994) and NHANES 1999-2004. Public Health Rep 2012; 127:497-506. [PMID: 22942467 PMCID: PMC3407849 DOI: 10.1177/003335491212700505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined disparities in periodontal disease in U.S. adults according to age, sex, race/ethnicity, country of birth, education, income, and poverty-income ratio within and between the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994) and NHANES 1999-2004. METHODS We assessed disparities and changes therein using prevalence differences and ratios, as well as the Symmetrized Theil Index (STI). While these measures document disparities between pairs of population subgroups, and changes in relative disparities between surveys, the STI is a summary measure of health disparities that also tracks between-group disparities relative to the total population. RESULTS Prevalence differences and ratios for the prevalence of periodontitis, the mean pocket depth (PD), and the mean clinical attachment loss (CAL) suggest that periodontal disease significantly decreased between NHANES III and NHANES 1999-2004 (p<0.01). However, the STI for the prevalence of periodontitis suggests that disparities significantly increased within categories of race/ethnicity, country of birth, and education in NHANES 1999-2004 compared with NHANES III. These findings were corroborated for mean PD and mean CAL (p<0.001): the overall STI significantly increased for mean PD from 4.53% in NHANES III to 11.02% in NHANES 1999-2004 and for mean CAL for teeth with CAL >0 from 31.73% in NHANES III to 43.36% in NHANES 1999-2004. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that inequalities in periodontal disease significantly decreased between NHANES III and NHANES 1999-2004 in the total population and across selected characteristics of the population. However, these inequalities increased within groups of the population in NHANES 1999-2004 compared with NHANES III. These findings call attention to the absolute and relative differences not only between population groups across surveys, but also within population groups within and between surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa N Borrell
- The City University of New York, Lehman College, Department of Health Sciences, New York, NY 10468, USA.
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Chen HH, Huang N, Chen YM, Chen TJ, Chou P, Lee YL, Chou YJ, Lan JL, Lai KL, Lin CH, Chen DY. Association between a history of periodontitis and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide, population-based, case-control study. Ann Rheum Dis 2012; 72:1206-11. [PMID: 22941768 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-201593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and a history of periodontitis. METHODS This nationwide, population-based, case-control study used administrative data to identify 13 779 newly diagnosed patients with RA (age ≥16 years) as the study group and 137 790 non-patients with RA matched for age, sex, and initial diagnosis date (index date) as controls. Using conditional logistic regression analysis after adjustment for potential confounders, including geographical region and a history of diabetes and Sjögren's syndrome, ORs with 95% CI were calculated to quantify the association between RA and periodontitis. To evaluate the effects of periodontitis severity and the lag time since the last periodontitis visit on RA development, ORs were calculated for subgroups of patients with periodontitis according to the number of visits, cumulative cost, periodontal surgery and time interval between the last periodontitis-related visit and the index date. RESULTS An association was found between a history of periodontitis and newly diagnosed RA (OR=1.16; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.21). The strength of this association remained statistically significant after adjustment for potential confounders (OR=1.16; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.20), and after variation of periodontitis definitions. The association was dose- and time-dependent and was strongest when the interval between the last periodontitis-related visit and the index date was <3 months (OR=1.64; 95% CI 1.49 to 1.79). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates an association between periodontitis and incident RA. This association is weak and limited to lack of individual smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hua Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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da Silva BR, de Freitas VAA, Nascimento-Neto LG, Carneiro VA, Arruda FVS, de Aguiar ASW, Cavada BS, Teixeira EH. Antimicrobial peptide control of pathogenic microorganisms of the oral cavity: a review of the literature. Peptides 2012; 36:315-21. [PMID: 22664320 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides, molecules produced in many different organisms, have high biocidal activity against several microorganisms. However, several questions about these molecules remain unclear. Therefore, this report details a systematic survey of the literature on the use of antimicrobial peptides against oral pathogens and indicates which peptides and microorganisms are most extensively studied. Articles were located using the PubMed and Science Direct databases with the following inclusion criteria: publication date between 2002 and 2011; keywords "biofilm OR biological film OR biological layer OR bacterial growth" AND "peptide" AND "oral cavity OR mouth OR buccal mucosa OR oral mucosa OR mouth mucosa"; and abstract in English. A total of 73 articles were selected after refinement of the data. An increase in publications focusing on the use of antimicrobial peptides against oral microorganisms was observed. In addition, the peptides produced by cells of the oral mucosa (defensins, LL-37 and histatins) as well as Streptococcus mutans (among cariogenic bacteria) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (among periodontal bacteria) were the most studied subjects. It was concluded that the use of antimicrobial peptides as a tool for microbial control is of increasing importance, likely due to its widespread use, mechanism of action, and low rates of bacterial resistance.
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Borrell LN, Crawford ND. Socioeconomic position indicators and periodontitis: examining the evidence. Periodontol 2000 2012; 58:69-83. [PMID: 22133367 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2011.00416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Spangler L, Chaudhari M, Barlow WE, Newton KM, Inge R, Hujoel P, Genco RJ, Reid RJ. Using administrative data for epidemiological research: case study to identify persons with periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2012; 58:143-52. [PMID: 22133373 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2011.00422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Karoli R, Fatima J, Jafri R, Siddiqi Z, Shukla V. Status of periodontal health in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a teaching hospital of North India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012; 16 Suppl 1:S127-S129. [PMID: 22701837 PMCID: PMC3354940 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.94247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Karoli
- Department of Medicine, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jalees Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Roshan Jafri
- Department of Dentistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zeba Siddiqi
- Department of Medicine, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vaibhav Shukla
- Department of Medicine, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Karimbux NY, Saraiya VM, Elangovan S, Allareddy V, Kinnunen T, Kornman KS, Duff GW. Interleukin-1 gene polymorphisms and chronic periodontitis in adult whites: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Periodontol 2012; 83:1407-19. [PMID: 22348697 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.110655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene polymorphisms have been associated with increased levels of inflammatory mediators and several inflammatory diseases. Periodontitis is a bacterially induced chronic inflammatory disease that destroys the connective tissues and bone that support the teeth, affects substantial numbers of adults, and has been implicated as a contributing factor in systemic diseases. IL-1 gene polymorphisms, most prominently IL1A (-889), IL1A (+4845), and IL1B (+3954), have been associated with chronic periodontitis (CP) in whites. Since the first report, ≥125 studies have examined IL-1 gene variation in relation to periodontal disease. These studies have produced mixed findings in diverse periodontal phenotypes and in different ethnic groups. One previous meta-analysis has been published on this topic and supported an association between IL-1 genes and periodontitis, but considerable doubt remains about the patient populations in which the association may be of clinical relevance. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in an attempt to clarify whether IL-1 gene variants were associated with well-defined clinical phenotypes of CP in white patients. Study inclusion criteria focused on the analytic framework originally proposed for the IL-1 genetic effect in which overexpression of inflammatory mediators is hypothesized to result in more severe periodontitis in response to a bacterial challenge. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Nineteen studies yielded significant associations between carriage of the minor IL-1 alleles and periodontitis. The meta-analysis, based on 13 qualifying studies, found significant effects for the two individual gene variations (IL1A odds ratio [OR] = 1.48; IL1B OR = 1.54) and for a composite genotype that combines minor alleles at each locus (OR = 1.51). Statistically significant heterogeneity was found that could not be explained, but there was no indication of publication bias. CONCLUSION This review and meta-analysis show that IL1A and IL1B genetic variations are significant contributors to CP in whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Y Karimbux
- Department of Oral Medicine Infection and Immunity, Harvard University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA.
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Suresh R, Jones KC, Newton JT, Asimakopoulou K. An exploratory study into whether self-monitoring improves adherence to daily flossing among dental patients. J Public Health Dent 2011; 72:1-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2011.00274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Awuti G, Younusi K, Li L, Upur H, Ren J. Epidemiological survey on the prevalence of periodontitis and diabetes mellitus in Uyghur adults from rural Hotan area in Xinjiang. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2012:758921. [PMID: 21826136 PMCID: PMC3150776 DOI: 10.1155/2012/758921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study was designed to explore the relationship between periodontitis and diabetes mellitus (DM) in Uygur adults from Xinjiang. METHODS AND RESULTS Data were obtained using questionnaire and oral examination. Participants (48.87 ± 13.72 yr) were categorized into periodontitis and non-periodontitis groups in accordance with the chronic periodontitis diagnostic criteria. Based on gum inflammation, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth and attachment loss, patients were further divided into mild, moderate and severe periodontitis groups. Among 962 subjects, 453 (47.1%) suffered from chronic periodontitis with a prevalence of type 2 DM and impaired fasting glucose of 9.5% and 11.4%, respectively. In the periodontitis group, the prevalence of type 2 DM was 75.6% compared with 22.4% in the non-periodontitis group. Likewise, the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 71.3% and 28.7% in periodontitis and non-periodontitis groups, respectively. The univariate logistic regression analysis revealed moderate and severe periodontitis as risk factors for DM (OR = 3.4, OR = 2.9). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that moderate periodontitis is independently associated with DM (OR = 4). CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed that prevalence of DM is overtly higher in periodontitis patients than in individuals without periodontitis. Furthermore, moderate periodontitis is considered an independent risk factor for type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulinuer Awuti
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang 830011, China
| | | | - Linlin Li
- Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang 830011, China
| | | | - Jun Ren
- Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang 830011, China
- College of Health Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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Arbes SJ, Matsui EC. Can oral pathogens influence allergic disease? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:1119-27. [PMID: 21531254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The hygiene hypothesis contends that fewer opportunities for infections and microbial exposures have resulted in more widespread asthma and atopic disease. Consistent with that hypothesis, decreases in infectious oral diseases over the past half century have coincided with increases in the prevalence of asthma and other allergic diseases. This observation has led some researchers to speculate that exposures to oral bacteria, including pathogens associated with periodontal diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, might play a protective role in the development of asthma and allergy. Colonization of the oral cavity with bacteria, including some species of periodontal pathogens, begins shortly after birth, and the detection of serum antibodies to oral pathogens in early childhood provides evidence of an early immune response to these bacteria. Current knowledge of the immune response to oral bacteria and the immunologic pathogenesis of periodontal diseases suggests biologically plausible mechanisms by which oral pathogens could influence the risk of allergic disease. However, studies investigating the association between oral pathogen exposures and allergic disease are few in number and limited by cross-sectional or case-control design, exclusion of young children, and use of surrogate measures of oral bacterial colonization. Additional studies, particularly well-designed case-control studies among very young children and prospective birth cohort studies, are needed.
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