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Owsiany MT, Fiske A. Assessing age invariance of the Male Depression Risk Scale-22 in younger and older adult males. Aging Ment Health 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38940683 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2372706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Women are twice as likely to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder as men. Yet suicide rates are four times higher in men than women, increasing to six times when comparing older men to older women. Investigators have begun researching if depression presents differently in individuals who adhere to masculine norms, leading to the conceptualization of masculine depression. Despite validity evidence for the Male Depression Risk Scale-22 (MDRS-22) in mixed-age samples, few studies have investigated the possibility of age-related differences in masculine depression. The present study aimed to test for age invariance of the MDRS-22. METHOD Age invariance for the MDRS-22 was tested via a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis with groups of younger (18-64 years) and older (65+ years) males (N = 469). RESULTS Age invariance for the MDRS-22 was not established, ΔX2 = 451.47, Δdf = 16, p < 0.001. CONCLUSION Results of the study indicate that masculine depression may present differently between younger and older men. To fully understand the construct of masculine depression, it is important to investigate how symptoms may present in individuals of all ages. Overall, the study highlights the importance of investigating how masculine depression may present differently in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Fiske
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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2
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Aharon G, Aisenberg-Shafran D, Levi-Belz Y. Adherence to Masculinity Norms and Depression Symptoms Among Israeli Men: The Moderating Role of Psychological Flexibility. Am J Mens Health 2024; 18:15579883241253820. [PMID: 38794957 PMCID: PMC11128175 DOI: 10.1177/15579883241253820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Being a man has been recognized as a salient risk factor for suicide. Adopting uncompromised masculine perceptions (i.e., conforming to the masculine gender role norms) may restrict emotional expressiveness in men, which, in turn, may contribute to depression and somatization symptoms. We examined the moderating role of psychological flexibility and alexithymia in the relationship of masculinity with depression and somatization symptoms. A sample of 119 men completed measures of masculinity, alexithymia (difficulty identifying and delivering subjective feelings), psychological flexibility, depression, and somatization symptoms in a cross-sectional design study. Psychological flexibility levels moderated the relationship between masculinity and depression symptoms: Masculinity contributed as positively associated with depression symptoms when psychological flexibility was low, but no such association was found at moderate or high levels of psychological flexibility. As a cognitive factor promoting adaptive emotional regulation, psychological flexibility might reduce depression symptoms among inflexible masculine men. Clinical implications relate to diagnosing at-risk subgroups and their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Aharon
- Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
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von Zimmermann C, Hübner M, Mühle C, Müller CP, Weinland C, Kornhuber J, Lenz B. Masculine depression and its problem behaviors: use alcohol and drugs, work hard, and avoid psychiatry! Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:321-333. [PMID: 36855002 PMCID: PMC10914846 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The gender role influences vulnerability to mental illness. Substance use, even critical in scale, is perceived as masculine, just like hard (over-)work, while not seeking help. With the ongoing separation between gender and sex, masculine norms become more relevant also to females' mental health. The male depression concept highlights the role of male symptoms in affective disorders. However, the empirical evidence is still limited. Here, we use the denomination 'masculine depression' to open the category for female patients and tested substance use patterns, health services' utilization, and working hours as predictors in a case-control study of 163 depressed in-patients (44% women; masculine vs. non-masculine depression according to a median split of the Male Depression Rating Scale-22) and 176 controls (51% women). We assessed higher depression severity in patients with masculine (vs. non-masculine) depression. Masculine depression (vs. non-masculine depression and vs. no depression) was predicted by more frequent and critical use of alcohol (including binge drinking), tobacco, and illicit drugs, and by longer working times. Moreover, fewer health services contacts due to mental complaints during the previous year were associated with masculine (vs. non-masculine) depression. Alarmingly, even critical substance misuse was not significantly associated with more frequent health services contacts; however, the higher the depression severity, the more contacts the patients reported. Here, we provide evidence that patients with masculine depression are highly burdened and undertreated, which applies equally to female and male patients. This study identified promising targets to establish specialized care offers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia von Zimmermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Magdalena Hübner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Weinland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Gearing RE, Brewer KB, Washburn M, Yu M, de la Cruz PI, Garcia Andres A, Torres LR. Mental health help-seeking in Mexico. Glob Health Promot 2024; 31:55-64. [PMID: 37888755 DOI: 10.1177/17579759231204357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Most people in need of mental health services in Mexico do not seek formal support or professional services to address their mental health needs. Understanding help-seeking behaviors is crucial to addressing underutilized mental health services and to leverage health promotion efforts. Data were collected as part of a larger research project on stigma and help-seeking for mental-health-related concerns in Mexico. A convenience sample of 469 adults residing in Mexico City participated in the study using an experimental vignette methodology assessing stigma toward individuals with mental health conditions, along with characteristics and demographic correlates of help-seeking. All survey measures were administered in Spanish. A structural regression was conducted for the outcome 'openness to professional help seeking for mental health problems' as a latent variable. Compared with males, females were more open to professional help seeking (b = 0.09, p = 0.038), as were people who endorsed higher spirituality (b = 0.01, p = 0.006); while people who experienced self-stigma were less open to professional help-seeking for mental health concerns (b = -0.15, p = 0.005). Self-stigma was a major driver of low service utilization. Contrary to previous studies, spirituality was a significant positive predictor of professional help-seeking. A more nuanced understanding of mental health help-seeking in Mexico can be useful for outreach efforts to increase service utilization both in Mexico and among Latinos in the United States (US). Given historical, geographic, and cultural ties with the US, it is important to understand mental health help-seeking in Mexico, which may relate directly to help-seeking behaviors in many US Latinos who have immigrated to the US. Directions for future research and practice implications are discussed, including a roadmap for health promotion activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin E Gearing
- University of Houston Graduate College of Social Work, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathryne B Brewer
- University of New Hampshire Department of Social Work, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Micki Washburn
- University of Texas at Arlington School of Social Work, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Miao Yu
- University of Texas at Arlington School of Social Work, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Pedro Isnardo de la Cruz
- Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Escuela, Nacional de Trabajo Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Luis R Torres
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Social Work, Edinburg, TX, USA
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Swetlitz N, Hinton L, Rivera M, Liu M, Fernandez AC, Garcia ME. Barriers and facilitators to depression care among Latino men in a primary care setting: a qualitative study. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2024; 25:30. [PMID: 38245674 PMCID: PMC10799470 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States, Latinos face a wide array of cultural and structural barriers to accessing and utilizing mental health care. Latino men specifically are at high risk of receiving inadequate mental health care, possibly due to additional obstacles they experience that are related to masculinity. Among men more generally, greater adherence to emotional control and self-reliance is associated with higher depression severity and less depression help-seeking. Men experience more stigma toward depression and help-seeking and are less likely to be diagnosed with depression than women. However, Latino men's barriers and facilitators to depression care remain largely unexplored. The objective of this study was to examine barriers and facilitators to depression care that are related to masculinity among English- and Spanish-speaking Latino men in a primary care setting. METHODS We used convenience and purposive sampling to recruit primary care patients who self-identified as Latino men, spoke English or Spanish, and screened positive for depressive symptoms on the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 or had a history of depression. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between December 2020 and August 2021. The interview guide examined views and experiences of depression, masculinity, and barriers and facilitators to engaging in depression care. Utilizing consensual qualitative research and thematic analysis informed by modified grounded theory, barriers and facilitators to depression care were identified. RESULTS We interviewed thirteen participants who varied in English proficiency, education, income, and country of origin. Barriers and facilitators were placed into three domains-Self-Recognition of Depression, Seeking Help for Depression, and Depression Diagnosis and Treatment. Participants described aspects of masculinity as barriers (emotional control and pressure to provide), facilitators (honesty, courage, collaboration, practicality, and responsibility), or both (self-reliance and autonomy). CONCLUSIONS Masculinity influences barriers and facilitators for depression care among Latino men at the levels of self-recognition, seeking help, and diagnosis and treatment. Clinicians may promote Latino men's engagement in depression care by understanding patients' values and framing depression care as affirming masculinity. Providing education to primary care physicians and other healthcare professionals on gender and depression and addressing structural barriers are essential to providing access to all who need depression care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Swetlitz
- UC Berkeley, UCSF Joint Medical Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | | | - Morgan Rivera
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkely, CA, USA
| | - Mishen Liu
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkely, CA, USA
| | - Anna Claire Fernandez
- UC Berkeley, UCSF Joint Medical Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria E Garcia
- Multiethnic Health Equity Research Center, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Partnerships for Research in Implementation Science for Equity, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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6
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Seidler ZE, Benakovic R, Wilson MJ, Fletcher J, Oliffe JL, Owen J, Rice SM. Supporting Clinical Competencies in Men's Mental Health Using the Men in Mind Practitioner Training Program: User Experience Study. JMIR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 9:e48804. [PMID: 37934579 PMCID: PMC10664012 DOI: 10.2196/48804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engaging men in psychotherapy is essential in male suicide prevention efforts, yet to date, efforts to upskill mental health practitioners in delivering gender-sensitized therapy for men have been lacking. To address this, we developed Men in Mind, an e-learning training program designed to upskill mental health practitioners in engaging men in therapy. OBJECTIVE This study involves an in-depth analysis of the user experience of the Men in Mind intervention, assessed as part of a randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of the intervention. METHODS Following completion of the intervention, participants provided qualitative (n=392) and quantitative (n=395) user experience feedback, focused on successes and suggested improvements to the intervention and improvements to their confidence in delivering therapy with specific subpopulations of male clients. We also assessed practitioner learning goals (n=242) and explored the extent to which participants had achieved these goals at follow-up. RESULTS Participants valued the inclusion of video demonstrations of skills in action alongside the range of evidence-based content dedicated to improving their insight into the engagement of men in therapy. Suggested improvements most commonly reflected the desire for more or more diverse content, alongside the necessary adaptations to improve the learning and user experience. Participants also commonly reported improved confidence in assisting men with difficulty articulating their emotions in therapy and suicidal men. CONCLUSIONS The evidence obtained from this study aids in plans to scale Men in Mind and informs the future development of practitioner training interventions in men's mental health. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/s40359-022-00875-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zac E Seidler
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Movember, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ruben Benakovic
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael J Wilson
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Justine Fletcher
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John L Oliffe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jesse Owen
- Department of Counselling Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Simon M Rice
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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7
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Krumm S, Krieg G, Lamp N, Marek F, Nickel P, Panzirsch M, Stiawa M, Beschoner P, Brieger P, Frasch K, Gertzen M, Gündel H, Hasan A, Jäger M, Kling-Lourenco P, Koussemou JM, Steber R, Kilian R. The transformation of masculinity orientations and work-related attitudes in men treated for depression (TRANSMODE): study protocol for a mixed-methods observational study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:492. [PMID: 37430236 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Masculinity norms play a crucial role in men's help-seeking behaviors, service-use, and coping strategies for depression. While previous studies provided evidence for the association between gender role orientations, work related attitudes, stigmatization of men with depression and depressive symptoms, it remains unclear to what extent gender role orientations change over time and whether psychiatric and psychotherapeutic treatment have an impact on these transformations. Additionally, the role of partners in supporting depressed men and the impact of dyadic coping on these processes have not been explored. The aim of this study is to investigate how masculinity orientations and work-related attitudes change over time in men treated for depression, and to examine the role of their partners and dyadic coping in these transformation processes. METHODS TRANSMODE is a prospective longitudinal mixed-methods study investigating the transformation of masculinity orientations and work-related attitudes in men treated for depression between the ages of 18 and 65 from different settings in Germany. The study will recruit 350 men from various settings for quantitative analysis. By applying a latent transition analysis, the primary outcome are changes in masculine orientations and work-related attitudes over time, measured at four times (t0, t1, t2, t3) with intervals of 6 months. Qualitative interview with a subsample of depressed men selected using latent profile analysis, will be conducted between t0 and t1 (a1) with a follow-up of 12 months (a2). In addition, qualitative interviews with the partners of depressed men will be conducted between t2 and t3 (p1). Qualitative data will be analysed using qualitative structured content analysis. DISCUSSION A comprehensive understanding of the transformation processes of masculinity orientations over time including the impact of psychiatric/psychotherapeutic treatment and the role of partners can lead to the development of gender-sensitive depression treatment tailored to the unique needs of men with depression. Thus, the study can promote more effective and successful treatment outcomes and further contribute to reducing the stigma surrounding mental health issues among men and encourage them for mental health service use. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered in the German Clinical Trail Register (DRKS) and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) under registration number DRKS00031065 (Date of registration 06 February 2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Krumm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Gironimo Krieg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Natalie Lamp
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Franziska Marek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Nickel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maria Panzirsch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Bezirkskrankenhaus Donauwörth, Donauwörth, Germany
| | - Maja Stiawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Petra Beschoner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Christophsbad Clinic, Göppingen, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Karel Frasch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Bezirkskrankenhaus Donauwörth, Donauwörth, Germany
| | - Marcus Gertzen
- Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Harald Gündel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | | | | | - José Marie Koussemou
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Heidenheim Clinic, Heidenheim, Germany
| | | | - Reinhold Kilian
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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8
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Xuan L, Hua S, Lin L, Jianli Y. Gender differences in the predictive effect of depression and aggression on suicide risk among first-year college students. J Affect Disord 2023; 327:1-6. [PMID: 36736787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and aggression are related to the risk of suicide. Previous studies have associated different characteristics with depression and aggression in separate gender groups. The main aim of this study was to investigate the gender differences in the predictive effect of depression and aggression on suicide risk among first-year college students. METHODS A total of 2004 first-year undergraduates (80.5 % female, mean age = 19.4 ± 0.8 years) were surveyed by a battery of questionnaires that contained the Chinese version of the Beck scale for Suicide Ideation, the Chinese version of the 12-item Aggression Questionnaire, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. RESULTS (1) Depression severity was significantly associated with the suicidality risk (r = 0.090, p < 0.01). (2) Suicide risk correlated positively with physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility in the aggression questionnaire (r = 0.308, 0.227, 0.284, 0.277, p < 0.01). (3) A possible gender difference was noted for suicide risk in that depression degree was a significant risk factor for females but not males (R2 = 0.095, F = 41.554, p < 0.01), whereas anger was a significant predictor of suicide risk for males but not for females (R2 = 0.21, F = 25.75, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Gender differences exist in the predictive effect of depression and aggression on suicide risk among first-year college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xuan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shao Hua
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Jianli
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Haider K, Humer E, Weber M, Pieh C, Ghorab T, Dale R, Dinhof C, Gächter A, Probst T, Jesser A. An Assessment of Austrian School Students' Mental Health and Their Wish for Support: A Mixed Methods Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4749. [PMID: 36981657 PMCID: PMC10049003 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The mental health of school students has been severely impacted by the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study used a mixed methods approach to assess students' mental health and examine their wishes for support to improve their psychological well-being. We further investigated gender and age group differences in the amount of clinically relevant mental health problems and the roles that mental health and gender had on desired support. Between April and May 2022, a total of 616 Austrian students aged between 14 and 20 participated in a cross-sectional online survey (77.4% female; 19.8% male; 2.8% non-binary) assessing wishes for support regarding mental well-being and mental health indicators (depression: PHQ-9; anxiety: GAD-7; insomnia: ISI; stress: PSS-10; eating disorders: SCOFF; alcohol abuse: CAGE). A wish for support was expressed by 46.6% of the students. Qualitative content analysis revealed that the two most important categories of desired support types were "professional help" and "someone to talk to". The group of students with a wish for support in general significantly more often showed clinically relevant depression, anxiety, insomnia, eating disorders, or high stress symptoms. Students that wished for professional help significantly more often exceeded the cut-off for clinically relevant depression, anxiety, and high stress. Those who wished for someone to talk to significantly more often exceeded the cut-off for clinically relevant eating disorders. The results indicate a great need for support for young people's mental health problems and that this need is even more urgent for students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Haider
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Elke Humer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Magdalena Weber
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Department of Organizational Psychology, Private University of Schloss Seeburg, 5201 Seekirchen am Wallersee, Austria
| | - Christoph Pieh
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Tiam Ghorab
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Rachel Dale
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Carina Dinhof
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Afsaneh Gächter
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Thomas Probst
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Andrea Jesser
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
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Vidales CA, Vogel DL, Levant RF. The Self-Stigma of Seeking Help (SSOSH) Scale: Measurement Invariance Across Men from Different Backgrounds. MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION IN COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/07481756.2022.2160356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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11
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Prospective associations between traditional masculinity and cannabis, hard drug, and alcohol use in Australian emerging adult men. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Ethical and methodological challenges slowing progress in primary care-based suicide prevention: Illustrations from a randomized controlled trial and guidance for future research. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 154:242-251. [PMID: 35961180 PMCID: PMC10124132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the pressing need for primary care-based suicide prevention initiatives and growing acknowledgement of recruitment difficulties and Institutional Review Board (IRB) challenges in suicide research, we are aware of no illustrative examples describing how IRB decisions in the design of a primary care trial can compound recruitment challenges. METHODS The CDC-funded trial (NCT02986113) of Men and Providers Preventing Suicide aimed to examine the effects of a tailored computer program encourage men with suicidal thoughts (n = 304, ages 35-64) to discuss suicide with a primary care clinician and accept treatment. Before a visit, participants viewed MAPS or a non-tailored control video. Post-visit, both arms were offered telephone collaborative care, as mandated by the institutional review board (IRB). We previously showed that exposure to MAPs led to improvements in communication about suicide in a primary care visit. In this paper, we report data on the study's primary outcome, suicide preparatory behaviors. RESULTS After screening nearly 4100 men, 48 enrolled. Recruitment challenges, which were exacerabted by an IRB mandate narrowing post-intervention patient management differences between trial arms, limited detection of the effects of MAPS on suicide preparatory behaviors. CONCLUSIONS While primary care settings are key sites for suicide prevention trials, issues such as recruitment difficulties and overly restrictive IRB requirements may limit their utility. Methodological innovation to improve recruitment and ethical guidance to inform IRB decision-making are needed.
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Lien IA, Bolstad I, Lien L, Bramness JG. Screening for depression in patients in treatment for alcohol use disorder using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-10. Psychiatry Res 2022; 308:114363. [PMID: 34979381 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are prevalent disorders that often co-occur. The aim of the study was to investigate how the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-10) perform as screening instruments for MDD in AUD patients in treatment. The study included 127 mainly AUD inpatients currently in treatment at rehabilitation clinics in Norway. Demographic and clinical variables were examined using questionnaires and clinical interviews. The factor structures of the BDI-II and HCSL-10 were examined, as well as internal consistency and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) was used as standard for diagnosing MDD. In total, 14% of the participants were diagnosed with MDD. BDI-II factor analysis retrieved three factors; cognition, somatic complaints and affect, and factor analysis for the HSCL-10 retrieved two factors; depression and anxiety. The optimal cut-off for the BDI-II was 24.5 with sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 78%. For HSCL-10 the optimal cut-off was 2.35, giving sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 69%. Both the BDI-II and HSCL-10 may be clinically useful screening instruments for MDD in AUD patients. There was a tendency that the affect factor of the BDI-II and the depression factor of the HSCL-10 were slightly more suitable for identifying MDD than the other factors. Optimal cut-offs for both the BDI-II and the HSCL-10 in this patient group were higher than cut-offs commonly used in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingeborg Bolstad
- National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Hamar, Norway; Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Lars Lien
- National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Hamar, Norway; Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway.
| | - Jørgen G Bramness
- National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Hamar, Norway; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Marraccini ME, Lindsay CA, Griffin D, Greene MJ, Simmons KT, Ingram KM. A Trauma- and Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (JEDI)-Informed Approach to Suicide Prevention in School: Black Boys' Lives Matter. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2022; 52:292-315. [PMID: 37484214 PMCID: PMC10358449 DOI: 10.1080/2372966x.2021.2010502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Black boys have been dying by suicide at an increasing rate. Although the reasons for this increase are unknown, suicide in Black boys is likely influenced by multiple, intersecting risk factors, including historical and ongoing trauma. Schools can serve as an important mechanism of support for Black boys; however, without intentional anti-racist frameworks that acknowledge how intersecting identities can exacerbate risk for suicide, schools can overlook opportunities for care and perpetuate a cycle of racism that compromises the mental health of Black youth. By recognizing their own implicit biases, modeling anti-racist practices, listening to and recognizing the strengths and diversity of Black youth, and fostering school-family-community partnerships, school psychologists can help transform the school environment to be a safe and culturally affirming place for Black youth. This paper outlines how school psychologists can apply a trauma- and Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (JEDI)-informed approach to suicide prevention in order to more holistically support Black boys, disrupt patterns of aggressive disciplinary procedures, and improve school-based suicide prevention programs. By applying this lens across a multitiered systems of support (MTSS) framework, school psychologists can help to prevent the deaths of Black boys and begin to prioritize the lives of Black boys.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dana Griffin
- School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Meghan J Greene
- School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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15
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Aguayo F. NARRATIVES ON DEPRESSION, MASCULINITY AND WORK. A STUDY WITH LIFE STORIES OF CHILEAN MEN. PSICOLOGIA & SOCIEDADE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-0310/2022v34251463en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: Each year in Chile, one in ten men have demonstrated signs or symptoms of depression. (MINSAL, 2018; Center for Conflict and Social Cohesion Studies, 2018). However, both in the country and in the rest of Latin America, there are few studies that address male depression from its qualitative and narrative aspects. The aim of this study was to analyze reports of depression in men and their references to concepts of hegemonic masculinity. A qualitative study was carried out with interviews with five Chilean men who experienced a depressive process. With a life story methodology, the depressive processes in each biography were explored. The results show that men report depression and malaise from a crisis or main drama, and according to aspects that challenge the values of hegemonic masculinity.
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16
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Aguayo F. NARRATIVAS SOBRE DEPRESIÓN, MASCULINIDAD Y TRABAJO. UN ESTUDIO CON RELATOS BIOGRÁFICOS DE HOMBRES CHILENOS. PSICOLOGIA & SOCIEDADE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-0310/2022v34251463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumen: En Chile, uno de cada diez hombres presenta indicios o síntomas de depresión cada año. (MINSAL, 2018; Centro de Estudios de Conflicto y Cohesión Social, 2018). Sin embargo, tanto en el país como en el resto de Latinoamerica, son escasos los estudios que aborden la depresión masculina desde sus aspectos cualitativos y narrativos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los relatos de depresión en hombres y sus referencias a los valores de la masculinidad hegemónica. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con entrevistas a cinco hombres chilenos que habían pasado por un proceso depresivo. Con una metodología de relato de vida, se exploraron los procesos depresivos en su biografía. Los resultados muestran que los hombres narran la depresión y su malestar a partir de una crisis o drama principal y según aspectos que desafían los valores de la masculinidad hegemónica.
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17
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Barriers and facilitators to implementing interventions for medically unexplained symptoms in primary and secondary care: A systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2021; 73:101-113. [PMID: 34763113 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To integrate existing literature on barriers and facilitators to implementing interventions for Medically Unexplained Symptoms (MUS) in primary and secondary care. METHOD Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. A search of PsychINFO/Pubmed/Web of Science was performed to select studies focusing on MUS-interventions and implementation. All included papers were checked for quality and bias. A narrative synthesis approach was used to describe the included papers by implementation level, ranging from the specific intervention to the broader economic/political context. RESULTS 20 (quantitative/qualitative/mixed design) papers were included, but the quantitative studies especially, lacked methodological quality, with possible publication bias as a result. Results showed that the intervention needs to be acceptable and in line with daily practice routines. The professional's attitude and skills are important for implementation success, as well as for overcoming problems in the professional-patient interaction. If patients stick to finding a somatic cause, this hampers implementation. A lack of time is a frequently mentioned barrier at the organizational level. Barriers/facilitators at the social context level and at the economic/political level were barely reported on in the included papers. CONCLUSION Results were integrated into an existing implementation model, as an example of how MUS-interventions can be successfully implemented in practice.
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18
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Streb J, Ruppel E, Möller-Leimkühler AM, Büsselmann M, Franke I, Dudeck M. Gender-Specific Differences in Depressive Behavior Among Forensic Psychiatric Patients. Front Psychol 2021; 12:639191. [PMID: 34489775 PMCID: PMC8417531 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.639191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Women are almost twice as likely to develop depression than men, but men commit suicide more often. One explanation for this paradox is that current depression inventories do not fully capture typical male symptoms of depression. Several studies showed that most depression symptoms in men are masked by externalizing behaviors, such as aggressiveness, addiction, and risky behavior. Here, we explored the differences in depression symptoms between men and women in a forensic psychiatric sample. Methods We screened 182 forensic psychiatric patients and selected a matched sample (21 women and 21 men). External symptoms of depression were assessed with the Gender-Sensitive Depression Screening (GSDS) and internal symptoms with the Beck Depression Inventory Revision. Results Although externalizing behaviors were similar in both groups, we found a significant relationship between external and internal depression symptoms only in men. In addition, male forensic patients with a history of suicide had higher scores in the GSDS, whereas female patients with a history of suicide had higher scores in the Beck Depression Inventory Revision. Discussion The finding that the GSDS detected depression symptoms in men indicates that this instrument might be useful for developing assessments to prevent suicide in forensic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Streb
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elena Ruppel
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Michael Büsselmann
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Irina Franke
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Psychiatric Services of Grisons, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Dudeck
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Sabic D, Sabic A, Bacic-Becirovic A. Major Depressive Disorder and Difference between Genders. Mater Sociomed 2021; 33:105-108. [PMID: 34483737 PMCID: PMC8385738 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2021.33.105-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a common mental disorder and represents a global mental health concern. Presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, low energy and poor concentration. Epidemiologic research have found clear genders differences in the prevalence of Major depressive disorders (MDD). Objective The aim of this study was to find the difference in the symptoms of Major depressive disorder (MDD) between genders. Methods It was analyzed 92 subjects from Health Center Zivinice in the period from September 2019 to May 2021, of which 57 (62 %) are women and 35 (38%) are men. The study identified and measured the severity of 25 different symptoms of depressive disorders in the analyzed subjects. The average age of women is 56 years ± 8.88, and the average age of men is 52 years ± 11.03. Statistical data were analyzed in SPSS statistical program. Results Comparing the results t tests revealed significant difference between genders in symptoms like depressed mood, lack of energy, psychomotor retardation, pessimistic attitude towards the future. Symptoms such as angry outbursts, irritability from frustration, even over small matters, frequent or recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal thoughts suicide attempts and impulsive reaction, risky behaviour statistical significance in men in relation to women. Conclusion In this study it was confirmed that MDD is more often diagnosed in women and showing different ways of experiencing, expressing and dealing with the symptoms of MDD. Women complained more about the typical symptoms of depressive disorder according, while men complained more about anger, irritability, waking up early in the morning and alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzevad Sabic
- Health Centre Zivinice, Department of Neuropsychiatry Zivinice, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Adela Sabic
- Health Center Zivinice, Zivinice, Department of Family Medicine, Zivinice, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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20
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Lee JML, Ang S, Chan A. Fear of crime is associated with loneliness among older adults in Singapore: Gender and ethnic differences. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2021; 29:1339-1348. [PMID: 32959506 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fear of crime is a complex perception and has underlying psychological, social and health repercussions. The influence of fear of crime on psychosocial outcomes, however, may be moderated by various social factors. This study examined how fear of crime influences loneliness among low-income older adults attending a Senior Activity Centre (SAC) in multiethnic Singapore. In addition, we tested whether these associations were moderated by gender and ethnicity. We analysed cross-sectional data (N = 1,266) from The SAC Study, a survey conducted with older adults who were attending a SAC between March 2015 and August 2015. Multilevel models were used to test whether fear of crime was associated with loneliness; and whether the association was moderated by gender and ethnicity. We found that fear of crime was positively associated with loneliness, and that this association was stronger among men than women, but ethnicity did not moderate this relationship. Findings from our study suggest that fear of crime may have a stronger negative effect on men's psychological well-being, even though they report lower fear of crime. This highlights the importance of sociocultural context when examining the psychosocial implications of fear of crime in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- June May-Ling Lee
- Centre for Ageing Research and Education (CARE), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Shannon Ang
- School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Angelique Chan
- Centre for Ageing Research and Education (CARE), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Health Services and Systems Research (HSSR), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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21
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Men's Psychotherapy Use, Male Role Norms, and Male-Typical Depression Symptoms: Examining 716 Men and Women Experiencing Psychological Distress. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:bs11060083. [PMID: 34199633 PMCID: PMC8228644 DOI: 10.3390/bs11060083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Men as compared to women are half as often affected by depressive and anxiety disorders and seek significantly less help for mental health issues than women. Adherence to traditional male role norms (AtTMRN) may hinder men from describing prototypical depression symptoms and from seeking psychotherapy. The current study compared whether AtTMRN, gender role identity, or the experience of prototypical or male-typical externalizing mental health symptoms were associated with psychotherapy use in men and women. In an anonymous online survey, 716 participants (37% men) reporting to currently experience psychological distress were examined. Information was obtained on psychotherapy use, depression and anxiety symptoms, gender role identity, and traditional male role norms. Although experiencing similar levels of depression, men compared to women showed a reduction in psychotherapy use by 29%. Masculine role identity was directly associated with reduced psychotherapy use in men (β = −0.41, p = 0.029), whereas AtTMRN was not (men: β = −0.04, p = 0.818; women: β = −0.25, p = 0.064). Higher externalizing depression symptomatology (β = −0.68, p = 0.005), but not prototypical depression symptomatology (β = −0.02, p = 0.499), was associated with reduced psychotherapy use in men but not women (p > 0.05). Interactions revealed that men, but not women, with high AtTMRN use psychotherapy only when exhibiting elevated symptom levels. The results corroborate previous reports showing reduced psychotherapy use in men as compared to women and identify elevated masculine role identity and male-typical externalizing depression symptomatology as direct factors associated with reduced psychotherapy use in psychologically distressed men. AtTMRN interacts with mental health symptoms to predict psychotherapy use, indicating that men with high AtTMRN only use psychotherapy when exhibiting high symptomatology.
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22
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Sileo KM, Kershaw TS. Dimensions of Masculine Norms, Depression, and Mental Health Service Utilization: Results From a Prospective Cohort Study Among Emerging Adult Men in the United States. Am J Mens Health 2021; 14:1557988320906980. [PMID: 32079448 PMCID: PMC7036518 DOI: 10.1177/1557988320906980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of multidimensional masculine
norms (“status,” “toughness,” “anti-femininity”) on depression and mental health
service utilization among emerging adult men in the Northeast United States.
This study examines substance use and hostility as secondary outcomes and
depression status as an effect moderator on the relationship between masculine
norms and mental health service utilization. This study used data from a
prospective cohort study that followed 18- to 25-year-old heterosexual men over
6 months. At baseline and 6 months, approximately 29% and 25% of the sample met
the criteria for depression. The results of multivariate linear and logistic
regression models found that greater endorsement of masculine status was
associated with less depressive symptoms at baseline and 6 months, masculine
toughness was associated with more substance use at baseline, and masculine
anti-femininity was associated with greater hostility at baseline and 6 months.
The multivariate Poisson model found that greater endorsement of status was
associated with greater mental health service utilization in the prior year,
especially for men not meeting the criteria for depression. In contrast, greater
endorsement of anti-femininity and toughness norms was associated with less
mental health service utilization; for men endorsing toughness norms, this
effect was greater for those who were depressed. This study sheds light on the
harmful and protective effects of masculine norms on depression, related mental
health outcomes, and mental health service utilization, with implications for
gender-tailored approaches to engage and retain young men in mental health
services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn M Sileo
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA.,The Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Trace S Kershaw
- The Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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23
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Lee D, Keller MS, Fridman R, Lee J, Pevnick JM. Association between operational positive depression symptom screen scores on hospital admission and 30-day readmissions. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2021; 70:38-43. [PMID: 33713863 PMCID: PMC8136146 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive scores on inpatient depression symptom screens have been found to be associated with readmissions, yet most studies have used depression screens collected as part of research studies. OBJECTIVE We evaluated whether the relationship between depression severity and readmission persisted when depression screening data was obtained for operational purposes. DESIGN Retrospective analysis studying prospective use of PHQ data. SETTING Large academic medical center. INTERVENTION Ward nurses obtained depression screens from patients soon after admission. Patients who answered 'yes' to at least one Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-2 question were screened using the PHQ-9. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We examined the association between depression severity and 30-day readmissions using logistic regression, adjusting for known predictors of hospital readmission. RESULTS From July 2014-June 2016, 18,792 discharged adult medicine inpatients received an initial depression screen (PHQ-2) and 1105 patients (5.90%) had at least one positive response. Of this group, 3163 patients (6.32%) were readmitted within 30 days. 1128 patients received the PHQ-9. Compared to patients with no depression, patients with moderately-severe depression had 3.03 higher odds (95%CI, 1.44-6.38) and patients with severe depression had 1.63 higher odds (95%CI, 0.70-3.78) of being readmitted, after adjusting for known predictors of hospital admission. Adding PHQ-9 results did not significantly improve the predictive power of a readmissions model. CONCLUSIONS Our mixed results call into question whether PHQ data obtained for operational purposes may differ compared to data obtained for research purposes. Differences in training of screening staff or patient discomfort with discussing depression in the hospital could explain our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Lee
- Cedars-Sinai Division of Informatics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Michelle S. Keller
- Cedars-Sinai Division of Informatics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA,Enterprise Information Services, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 6500 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA,Cedars-Sinai Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Rachel Fridman
- Enterprise Information Services, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 6500 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Joshua Lee
- Cedars-Sinai Division of Informatics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Joshua M. Pevnick
- Cedars-Sinai Division of Informatics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA,Enterprise Information Services, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 6500 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA,Cedars-Sinai Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Marotti J, Thackeray L, Midgley N. Teenage Boys in Therapy: A Qualitative Study of Male Adolescents’ Experiences of Short-Term Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15289168.2020.1832836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jerant A, Duberstein P, Kravitz RL, Stone DM, Cipri C, Franks P. Tailored Activation of Middle-Aged Men to Promote Discussion of Recent Active Suicide Thoughts: a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Gen Intern Med 2020; 35:2050-2058. [PMID: 32185660 PMCID: PMC7351903 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Middle-aged men are at high risk of suicide. While about half of those who kill themselves visit a primary care clinician (PCC) shortly before death, in current practice, few spontaneously disclose their thoughts of suicide during the visits, and PCCs seldom inquire about such thoughts. In a randomized controlled trial, we examined the effect of a tailored interactive computer program designed to encourage middle-aged men's discussion of suicide with PCCs. METHODS We recruited men 35-74 years old reporting recent (within 4 weeks) active suicide thoughts from the panels of 42 PCCs (the unit of randomization) in eight offices within a single California health system. In the office before a visit, men viewed the intervention corresponding to their PCC's random group assignment: Men and Providers Preventing Suicide (MAPS) (20 PCCs), providing tailored multimedia promoting discussion of suicide thoughts, or control (22 PCCs), composed of a sleep hygiene video plus brief non-tailored text encouraging discussion of suicide thoughts. Logistic regressions, adjusting for patient nesting within physicians, examined MAPS' effect on patient-reported suicide discussion in the subsequent office visit. RESULTS Sixteen of the randomized PCCs had no patients enroll in the trial. From the panels of the remaining 26 PCCs (12 MAPS, 14 control), 48 men (MAPS 21, control 27) were enrolled (a mean of 1.8 (range 1-5) per PCC), with a mean age of 55.9 years (SD 11.4). Suicide discussion was more likely among MAPS patients (15/21 [65%]) than controls (8/27 [35%]). Logistic regression showed men viewing MAPS were more likely than controls to discuss suicide with their PCC (OR 5.91, 95% CI 1.59-21.94; P = 0.008; nesting-adjusted predicted effect 71% vs. 30%). CONCLUSIONS In addressing barriers to discussing suicide, the tailored MAPS program activated middle-aged men with active suicide thoughts to engage with PCCs around this customarily taboo topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Jerant
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California Davis (UCD) School of Medicine, 4860 Y Street, Suite 2300, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Paul Duberstein
- Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Richard L. Kravitz
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UCD School of Medicine, 4150 V Street, Suite 2400, PSSB, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Deborah M. Stone
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA
| | - Camille Cipri
- Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, UCD, 2103 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Peter Franks
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California Davis (UCD) School of Medicine, 4860 Y Street, Suite 2300, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
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Stiawa M, Müller-Stierlin A, Staiger T, Kilian R, Becker T, Götzl C, Gündel H, Beschoner P, Grinschgl A, Frasch K, Schmauß M, Krumm S. [Men with Depression and Inpatient Mental Health Treatment: Professionals' Perspectives on Treatment Needs and Aims]. PSYCHIATRISCHE PRAXIS 2020; 48:19-24. [PMID: 32542638 DOI: 10.1055/a-1149-5429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To meet mental health needs in men with depression, gender sensitive services are needed and recommended. Therefore, mental health professionals' views on care needs among men with depression that should be met by gender-sensitive services were assessed and consequences for inpatient treatment are considered. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 33 mental health professionals focusing on men's specific needs in depression treatment against the background of male gender role expectations. Qualitative Content Analysis was performed using MAXqda-Software. RESULTS Men with depression benefit from individual talk with staff and structured activity during treatment. Men-only groups are assessed as enabling critical reflection of aspects of masculinity. Physical activities and handicraft enable men to examine their performance level. Services focusing on men's specific needs are assessed as helpful but largely inexistent. CONCLUSION Expectations of social gender roles and their implications for mental health treatment should be considered in both mental health professional training and mental health treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Stiawa
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie II der Universität Ulm, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg
| | - Annabel Müller-Stierlin
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie II der Universität Ulm, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg
| | - Tobias Staiger
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie II der Universität Ulm, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg
| | - Reinhold Kilian
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie II der Universität Ulm, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg
| | - Thomas Becker
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie II der Universität Ulm, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg
| | - Christian Götzl
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie II der Universität Ulm, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg
| | - Harald Gündel
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie der Universität Ulm
| | - Petra Beschoner
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie der Universität Ulm
| | - Achim Grinschgl
- Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Günztalklinik Allgäu, Obergünzburg
| | - Karel Frasch
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie II der Universität Ulm, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg.,Fachklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Bezirkskrankenhaus Donauwörth
| | - Max Schmauß
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik der Universität Augsburg
| | - Silvia Krumm
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie II der Universität Ulm, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg
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Stiawa M, Müller-Stierlin A, Staiger T, Kilian R, Becker T, Gündel H, Beschoner P, Grinschgl A, Frasch K, Schmauß M, Panzirsch M, Mayer L, Sittenberger E, Krumm S. Mental health professionals view about the impact of male gender for the treatment of men with depression - a qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:276. [PMID: 32493263 PMCID: PMC7268222 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underestimation of depression among men may result from atypical depression symptoms and male help-seeking behaviour. However, higher suicide rates among men than among women indicate a need for gender-specific services for men with depression. In order to develop gender-specific services, it is essential to examine professionals' attitudes towards men's depressive symptoms and treatment needs as well as barriers to and facilitators of treatment. This study examined gender-specific treatment needs in male patients and treatment approaches to male patients from a professional perspective. METHODS Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 33 mental health professionals (MHPs) from five German psychiatric institutions. The study assessed the characteristics and attributes of male patients with depression risk factors for the development of depression among men, their condition at the beginning of treatment, male patients' depressive symptoms, the needs and expectations of male patients, the importance of social networks in a mental health context, and MHPs' treatment aims and treatment methods. Transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The professionals' reference group of male patients were men who were characterised in accordance with traditional masculinity. Attributes reported as in line with this type of men were late initiations of inpatient treatment after crisis, suicidal ideation or attempted suicide, and high expectations towards treatment duration, success rate in recovery and therapeutic sessions. In contrast, male patients who deviate from these patterns were partially described with reference to female stereotypes. Professionals referred to psychosocial models in their explanations of the causes of depression and provided sociological explanations for the development of masculine ideals among men. The consequences of these for treatment were discussed against the background of normative expectations regarding the male gender. From the professionals' point of view, psychoeducation and the acceptance of depression (as a widespread mental illness) were the most important goals in mental health treatment. CONCLUSIONS In order to improve mental health among men, gender-specific services should be offered. Awareness of the role of gender and its implications on mental health treatment should be an integral part of MHPs' education and their daily implementation of mental health treatment practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Stiawa
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University at BKH Guenzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312, Guenzburg, Germany.
| | - Annabel Müller-Stierlin
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University at BKH Guenzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312 Guenzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Staiger
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University at BKH Guenzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312 Guenzburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kilian
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University at BKH Guenzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312 Guenzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University at BKH Guenzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312 Guenzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Gündel
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Petra Beschoner
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Achim Grinschgl
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Günztalklinik Allgäu, Obergünzburg, Germany
| | - Karel Frasch
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University at BKH Guenzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312 Guenzburg, Germany ,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, BKH Donauwörth, Donauwörth, Germany
| | - Max Schmauß
- grid.7307.30000 0001 2108 9006Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Augsburg University, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Maria Panzirsch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, BKH Donauwörth, Donauwörth, Germany
| | - Lea Mayer
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University at BKH Guenzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312 Guenzburg, Germany
| | - Elisa Sittenberger
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Silvia Krumm
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University at BKH Guenzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312 Guenzburg, Germany
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‘I am Still Able to Contribute to Someone Less Fortunate’: A Phenomenological Analysis of Young Adults’ Process of Personal Healing from Major Depression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COUNSELLING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10447-019-09387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Seidler ZE, Rice SM, Kealy D, Oliffe JL, Ogrodniczuk JS. What gets in the way? Men's perspectives of barriers to mental health services. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2020; 66:105-110. [PMID: 31692401 DOI: 10.1177/0020764019886336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study describes barriers to accessing mental health services among men currently experiencing a mental health concern. METHODS Mental health help-seeking survey data from 778 male respondents who self-reported experiencing a mental health concern were analyzed. RESULTS Of these men, 65% (n = 513) wanted treatment and 35% (n = 265) did not want treatment. The most frequently endorsed barriers to mental health treatment were believing that a lot of people feel sad and down (80%; n = 620), not knowing what to look for in a psychotherapist (counselor; 80%; n = 618) and needing to solve one's own problems (73%; n = 569). Compared with men who wanted help for their mental health concern, those men who did not want help were significantly more likely to be unsure if psychotherapy (counseling) really works or is effective, not tell their physician if they were feeling down or depressed and prefer to solve their own problems. CONCLUSIONS The high endorsement of both structural (e.g., cost) and attitudinal (e.g., beliefs) barriers by respondents suggests that service delivery must adapt to better respond to dominant masculine ideals while also improving men's ease of access into a transparent treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zac E Seidler
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon M Rice
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Kealy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John L Oliffe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John S Ogrodniczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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O’Beaglaoich C, McCutcheon J, Conway PF, Hanafin J, Morrison TG. Adolescent Suicide Ideation, Depression and Self-Esteem: Relationships to a New Measure of Gender Role Conflict. Front Psychol 2020; 11:111. [PMID: 32153450 PMCID: PMC7047665 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Among 15-24 year olds in Ireland, completed suicide was responsible for 4.1 times more male deaths than female deaths in 2014 (World Health Organization [WHO], 2017). Few international research studies have investigated the relationship between masculinity [as assessed by a measure of gender role conflict (GRC)] and suicide ideation, and none have done so with Irish adolescents. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationships between a new measure of GRC developed specifically for use with Irish adolescents (I-GRCS-A; O'Beaglaoich et al., 2016), and depression, self-esteem, and negative/protective suicide ideation. A sample of 176 adolescent boys (M = 16.9, SD = 0.94) from a non-clinical population participated in the study. Regression analyses and tests of mediation revealed that depression significantly mediated the relationship between GRC and negative suicide ideation, whilst self-esteem and depression significantly mediated the relationship between GRC and positive suicide ideation. Implications and limitations of the current study are outlined and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac O’Beaglaoich
- School of Education, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- National Institute for Studies in Education, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jessica McCutcheon
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Paul F. Conway
- School of Education, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- National Institute for Studies in Education, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Joan Hanafin
- National Institute for Studies in Education, Limerick, Ireland
- Inclusion in Education and Society Research Group, School of Education, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Todd G. Morrison
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Staiger T, Stiawa M, Mueller-Stierlin AS, Kilian R, Beschoner P, Gündel H, Becker T, Frasch K, Panzirsch M, Schmauß M, Krumm S. Masculinity and Help-Seeking Among Men With Depression: A Qualitative Study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:599039. [PMID: 33329149 PMCID: PMC7732518 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.599039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Many studies indicate that men are more reluctant to seek help for mental health problems than women. Traditional ideas of masculinity are often seen as a cause of this phenomenon. However, little is known about the diversity of experiences during the processes of help-seeking and service use among men with depression who have already utilized mental health services. This study aims to explore men's experiences and attitudes toward depression, help-seeking, and service use in order to develop gender-sensitive services. Methods: Narrative-biographical interviews were conducted with men treated for depression (n = 12). Interview topics included individual experience with depression, help-seeking behavior, and mental health service use. Transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Before seeking treatment, men's help-seeking behavior was negatively affected by internalized masculine norms. However, findings indicate a change of attitudes toward depression after mental health service use. Men with depression emphasized a salutogenic perspective toward mental health problems and critically reflected on masculine norms. The positive function of men-only groups were described as key for successful service use. Conclusions: Men with depression reported experiences toward help-seeking and service use on four different levels: (i) attitudes toward depression, (ii) perception of societal views on depression, (iii) experiences within the family context and (iv) experiences with mental health services. Interventions to reduce the stigma of being "unmanly" and to improve men's capacity to cope with being unable to work should be developed. Peer-led men-only groups may increase participants' self-esteem and assist in disclosing weaknesses. In the context of GPs' mediating role, training for health professionals concerning the impact of masculine norms on mental health is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Staiger
- Department of Psychiatry II, University of Ulm and District Hospital Günzburg, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maja Stiawa
- Department of Psychiatry II, University of Ulm and District Hospital Günzburg, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Reinhold Kilian
- Department of Psychiatry II, University of Ulm and District Hospital Günzburg, Ulm, Germany
| | - Petra Beschoner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Harald Gündel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Department of Psychiatry II, University of Ulm and District Hospital Günzburg, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karel Frasch
- Department of Psychiatry II, University of Ulm and District Hospital Günzburg, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, District Hospital Donauwörth, Donauwörth, Germany
| | - Maria Panzirsch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, District Hospital Donauwörth, Donauwörth, Germany
| | - Max Schmauß
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Augsburg and District Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Krumm
- Department of Psychiatry II, University of Ulm and District Hospital Günzburg, Ulm, Germany
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Brydges S, Rennick-Egglestone S, Anderson C. Men's views of antidepressant treatment for depression, and their implications for community pharmacy practice. Res Social Adm Pharm 2019; 16:1041-1049. [PMID: 31706951 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men with depression can express and navigate their condition differently to women. Understanding this population's needs, and experiences, can help healthcare professionals better support these patients. There is a lack of knowledge in this area, and no studies have explored men's depression in the context of community pharmacy. OBJECTIVES Explore views of men around their medication for the treatment of depression and the role of community pharmacy in their treatment. SETTING United Kingdom (UK) primary care. METHOD Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted. Eligible participants were male, aged 18-65 years, and treating depression with antidepressants. Participants were recruited through 5 UK pharmacies (via the pharmacist or poster recruitment) and a UK University (poster recruitment). A thematic approach was used for analysis. RESULTS 14 men aged 26-61 years, predominantly of white ethnicity were interviewed. Key themes were found. The theme 'Antidepressant's attributions to benefits' highlighted all men noticed benefits when taking antidepressants, but held uncertainty on what extent their antidepressants caused this. The themes 'Views of pharmacist's role influences engagement', and 'Influence of cognitive state upon healthcare interactions' demonstrated men were not inclined to discuss concerns with the community pharmacist. These men didn't see this as the pharmacist's role, nor had these men given cognitive space to evaluate their treatment beliefs or information needs. Yet the theme 'Reflection of support and information needs' shows men did have unmet information and support needs. This also links into the 'Hegemonic Masculinity and taking antidepressants' theme, where taking antidepressants could challenge ones masculinity. CONCLUSION Community pharmacists should create opportunities for men to engage in conversations around their antidepressants and wider support. Men, as a requisite for engagement, will need to see such interactions as within the community pharmacists' remit, and as part of a collaborative healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Brydges
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Stefan Rennick-Egglestone
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK.
| | - Claire Anderson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Ryan B, Bohan J, Kneebone I. Help-seeking and people with aphasia who have mood problems after stroke: perspectives of speech-language pathologists. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2019; 54:779-793. [PMID: 31207058 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Access to treatments for mood disorders may pose a challenge to individuals with compromised communication ability. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) have previously reported that their clients with aphasia decline formal psychological support; however, their role in their clients' help-seeking has not been explored. AIMS To investigate SLPs' perspectives on how they currently support help-seeking for mood problems in people with aphasia and factors they perceive to be impacting service uptake. METHODS & PROCEDURES A qualitative interview study was conducted. SLPs in Australia working with people with aphasia in a clinical role were recruited. Transcripts of the interviews were subject to qualitative analysis to identify relevant themes. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Eighteen interviews were conducted. One overarching theme and three sub-themes were identified as central to SLPs' experience. The overarching theme was of a 'double whammy' impact on help-seeking: people with aphasia were subject to universal barriers associated with seeking help as well as additional barriers imposed by compromised communication. Three themes contributed to the overarching theme: (1) SLPs' understanding of barriers and facilitators to patients with aphasia seeking help; (2) the role of the SLP as a skilled helper for mood management; and (3) mood and communication as competing rehabilitation priorities. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS SLPs report both universal barriers to help-seeking and those specific to their clients with aphasia and attempts to overcome these; however, there appears to be a dearth of accessible mental health services for people with aphasia known to SLPs, including psychological/counselling professionals who are skilled in communicating with people with aphasia. Health professionals working within and across post-stroke and mental health services should recognize that people with post-stroke aphasia are susceptible to a decline in mental health, are amenable to formal (and tailored) psychological support, and can be supported to seek help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Ryan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Aphasia Recovery and Rehabilitation, Australia
| | - Jaycie Bohan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ian Kneebone
- Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Aphasia Recovery and Rehabilitation, Australia
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Genuchi MC. The Role of Masculinity and Depressive Symptoms in Predicting Suicidal Ideation in Homeless Men. Arch Suicide Res 2019; 23:289-311. [PMID: 29461153 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2018.1428705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Men's suicide rates may be influenced by difficulties recognizing externalizing depressive symptoms in men that adhere to hegemonic masculine gender role norms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of externalizing depressive symptoms, internalizing depressive symptoms, and hegemonic masculinity in predicting the existence and severity of suicidal ideation. Homeless men (n = 94) completed questionnaires at a resource center in the Rocky Mountain Western United States. Internalizing symptoms predicted the existence of suicidal ideation, and both externalizing and internalizing symptoms predicted increased severity of suicidal ideation. The masculine norms violence and playboy were correlated with men's suicidal ideation. An externalizing-internalizing model of predicting suicide in men and men's adherence to certain masculine gender role norms may be valuable to further efforts in suicide assessment and prevention.
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Abstract
AIMS The higher prevalence of depressive symptoms among females is well recognised but the reasons for this gender difference are not fully understood. There is growing evidence that current diagnostic criteria and instruments used to assess depression are less sensitive to depression in men, but studies about this issue among adolescents are scarce, especially in Latin countries. Our aim was to assess sex differences in the intensity of depressive symptoms, measured using the Beck Depression Inventory second edition (BDI-II), among Portuguese adolescents, at 13 and 17 years of age. METHODS Urban adolescents born in 1990 and enrolled in schools of Porto, Portugal, in 2003-2004 (EPITeen study) completed the BDI-II at 13 and 17 years of age. The final sample included 1988 (52.2% girls) and 2131 (53.0% girls) adolescents at 13 and 17 years, respectively. Sex differences in the frequency of endorsing the statements on the 21 items of the BDI-II were examined using the χ2 test and effect sizes were estimated (Cohen's w). To examine whether responses were linked systematically to sex, we used a differential item functioning (DIF), based on the logistic regression approach. Option characteristic curves were estimated for items with differential endorsement and a new BDI-II score was computed excluding those items. RESULTS Girls and boys at the same level of depression expressed similar severity ratings for most of the depressive symptoms. We had four items with DIF at 13 and 17 years of age. At 13 years, two items provided lower scores (sadness and crying items) and two higher scores (punishment feelings and loss of interest in sex items) among boys, comparing with equally depressed girls. At 17 years, the four items with DIF provided lower scores among boys (sadness, crying, self-dislike and tiredness or fatigue items). After excluding these items the prevalence of depression remained higher among girls but at 17 years the difference between sexes was attenuated. CONCLUSIONS Sex differences were found in the functioning of the BDI-II, more relevant at 17 years of age, which may lead to an overestimation of symptoms among girls as well as to lower reported rates of depression among boys. For a higher diagnostic accuracy it is important that the criteria and instruments used to assess depression adequately reflect female and male common symptoms and experiences of depression.
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Jerant A, Duberstein P, Cipri C, Bullard B, Stone D, Paterniti D. Stakeholder views regarding a planned primary care office-based interactive multimedia suicide prevention tool. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2019; 102:332-339. [PMID: 30220599 PMCID: PMC6886248 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nearly half of all men who die by suicide visit a primary care clinician (PCC) in the month before death, yet few disclose suicide thoughts. We solicited stakeholders' views to guide development of a tailored multimedia program to activate middle-aged men experiencing suicide thoughts to engage with PCCs. METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews with 44 adults self-identifying as: suicide attempt survivor; family member/loved one of person(s) who attempted or died by suicide; PCC; non-PCC office staff; health administrator; and/or prevention advocate. We coded recorded interview transcripts and identified relevant themes using grounded theory. RESULTS Two thematic groupings emerged, informing program design: structure and delivery (including belief the program could be effective and desire for use of plain language and media over text); and informational and motivational content (including concerns about PCC preparedness; fear that disclosing suicide thoughts would necessitate hospitalization; and influence of male identity and masculinity, respectively, in care-seeking for and interpreting suicide thoughts). CONCLUSION Stakeholder input informed the design of a primary care tailored multimedia suicide prevention tool. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS In revealing a previously unreported barrier to disclosing suicide thoughts to PCCs (fear of hospitalization), and underscoring known barriers, the findings may suggest additional suicide prevention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Jerant
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y Street, Suite 2300, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Paul Duberstein
- Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Camille Cipri
- Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis, 2103 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Bethany Bullard
- Department of Sociology, Sonoma State University, 1801 East Cotati Ave, Rohnert Park, California, USA
| | - Deborah Stone
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Debora Paterniti
- Department of Sociology, Sonoma State University, 1801 East Cotati Ave, Rohnert Park, California, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, 4150 V St, Suite 3100, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Deady M, Johnston D, Milne D, Glozier N, Peters D, Calvo R, Harvey S. Preliminary Effectiveness of a Smartphone App to Reduce Depressive Symptoms in the Workplace: Feasibility and Acceptability Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2018; 6:e11661. [PMID: 30514694 PMCID: PMC6299234 DOI: 10.2196/11661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The workplace represents a unique setting for mental health interventions. Due to range of job-related factors, employees in male-dominated industries are at an elevated risk. However, these at-risk groups are often overlooked. HeadGear is a smartphone app–based intervention designed to reduce depressive symptoms and increase well-being in these populations. Objective This paper presents the development and pilot testing of the app’s usability, acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary effectiveness. Methods The development process took place from January 2016 to August 2017. Participants for prototype testing (n=21; stage 1) were recruited from industry partner organizations to assess acceptability and utility. A 5-week effectiveness and feasibility pilot study (n=84; stage 2) was then undertaken, utilizing social media recruitment. Demographic data, acceptability and utility questionnaires, depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and other mental health measures were collected. Results The majority of respondents felt HeadGear was easy to use (92%), easily understood (92%), were satisfied with the app (67%), and would recommend it to a friend (75%; stage 1). Stage 2 found that compared with baseline, depression and anxiety symptoms were significantly lower at follow-up (t30=2.53; P=.02 and t30=2.18; P=.04, respectively), days of sick leave in past month (t28=2.38; P=.02), and higher self-reported job performance (t28=−2.09; P=.046; stage 2). Over 90% of respondents claimed it helped improve their mental fitness, and user feedback was again positive. Attrition was high across the stages. Conclusions Overall, HeadGear was well received, and preliminary findings indicate it may provide an innovative new platform for improving mental health outcomes. Unfortunately, attrition was a significant issue, and findings should be interpreted with caution. The next stage of evaluation will be a randomized controlled trial. If found to be efficacious, the app has the potential to reduce disease burden and improve health in this at-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Deady
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Johnston
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Milne
- School of Systems, Management and Leadership, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nick Glozier
- Brain and Mind Centre, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dorian Peters
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rafael Calvo
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samuel Harvey
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Iwamoto DK, Brady J, Kaya A, Park A. Masculinity and Depression: A Longitudinal Investigation of Multidimensional Masculine Norms Among College Men. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:1873-1881. [PMID: 29973104 PMCID: PMC6199432 DOI: 10.1177/1557988318785549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from high school to college represents a pivotal developmental period that may result in significant maladjustment for first-year college men. Men may feel pressured to "prove" their masculinity by engaging in traditional masculine behaviors that could be negative for their overall well-being. Although adherence to multidimensional masculine norms has been associated with poorer mental health, no studies have examined the role of masculine norms on prospective depressive symptoms among first-year college men. Examining college men's adherence to multidimensional masculine norms longitudinally can offer a promising theoretical framework to explain within-group variability in depression symptomatology. The sample included 322 men from the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Masculine norms were assessed during the beginning of their first year of college. Depressive symptomatology was assessed 6 months after the first wave of data collection. Masculine norms were positively and negatively related to prospective depression scores, such that men who endorsed the masculine norms of Self-Reliance, Playboy (i.e., desire to have multiple sexual partners), and Violence, had heightened risk, whereas men who endorsed Winning and Power Over Women were less likely to report depressive symptomatology. Distinct masculine norms appear to confer risk for depression while other norms appear to be protective. This study was the first to examine the role of multidimensional masculine norms on prospective depressive symptomatology among college men. The results suggest that practitioners working with men should consider assessing their clients' adherence to distinct masculine norms and explore how these might be impacting their current mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek K. Iwamoto
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Aylin Kaya
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Athena Park
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Cooper-Vince CE, Arachy H, Kakuhikire B, Vořechovská D, Mushavi RC, Baguma C, McDonough AQ, Bangsberg DR, Tsai AC. Water insecurity and gendered risk for depression in rural Uganda: a hotspot analysis. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1143. [PMID: 30257659 PMCID: PMC6158871 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Water insecurity is linked to depression in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), though it remains unclear how geospatial clustering of water insecurity in rural regions is associated with risk for depression. Methods We conducted a population-based survey of a rural parish in southwestern Uganda (N = 1603) to evaluate the joint geospatial clustering of water insecurity and risk for depression among men and women living in rural Uganda. Results Geospatial clustering of self-reported water insecurity and depressive symptoms was found to be present among both men and women. Depression hotspots were more often observed near water insecurity hotspots among women, relative to men. Multivariable regression revealed that residing in a water insecurity hotspot significantly increased risk for depressive symptoms among women, but not among men. Conclusions Residing in a water insecurity hotspot is associated with greater risk for probable depression among women, but not among men, pointing to the need for focused depression screening among women residing in water insecure households.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hawk Arachy
- Department of Environmental Management, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | | | | | | | - Charles Baguma
- Mbarara University Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Amy Q McDonough
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - David R Bangsberg
- Mbarara University Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.,Oregon Health Sciences University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, USA
| | - Alexander C Tsai
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Mbarara University Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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40
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Vannoy S, Park M, Maroney MR, Unützer J, Apesoa-Varano EC, Hinton L. The Perspective of Older Men With Depression on Suicide and Its Prevention in Primary Care. CRISIS 2018; 39:397-405. [PMID: 29618265 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide rates in older men are higher than in the general population, yet their utilization of mental health services is lower. AIMS This study aimed to describe: (a) what primary care providers (PCPs) can do to prevent late-life suicide, and (b) older men's attitudes toward discussing suicide with a PCP. METHOD Thematic analysis of interviews focused on depression and suicide with 77 depressed, low-socioeconomic status, older men of Mexican origin, or US-born non-Hispanic whites recruited from primary care. RESULTS Several themes inhibiting suicide emerged: it is a problematic solution, due to religious prohibition, conflicts with self-image, the impact on others; and, lack of means/capacity. Three approaches to preventing suicide emerged: talking with them about depression, talking about the impact of their suicide on others, and encouraging them to be active. The vast majority, 98%, were open to such conversations. An unexpected theme spontaneously arose: "What prevents men from acting on suicidal thoughts?" CONCLUSION Suicide is rarely discussed in primary care encounters in the context of depression treatment. Our study suggests that older men are likely to be open to discussing suicide with their PCP. We have identified several pragmatic approaches to assist clinicians in reducing older men's distress and preventing suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Vannoy
- 1 Department of Counseling and School Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mijung Park
- 2 Family Health Care Nursing, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meredith R Maroney
- 1 Department of Counseling and School Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jürgen Unützer
- 3 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ladson Hinton
- 4 Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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41
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Rodenburg-Vandenbussche S, Carlier IVE, van Vliet IM, van Hemert AM, Stiggelbout AM, Zitman FG. Clinical and sociodemographic associations with treatment selection in major depression. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2018; 54:18-24. [PMID: 30048764 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate treatment selection in a naturalistic sample of MDD outpatients and the factors influencing treatment selection in specialized psychiatric care. METHOD Multinomial Logistic Regression analysis investigated associations between treatment selection and patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, using retrospective chart review data and Routine Outcome Monitoring (ROM) data of MDD outpatients. RESULTS Of the patients included for analyses (N = 263), 34% received psychotherapy, 32% received an antidepressant (AD) and 35% received a combination. Men were more likely than women to receive AD with reference to psychotherapy (ORAD = 5.57, 95% CI 2.38-13.00). Patients with severe depression and patients with AD use upon referral, prescribed by their general practitioner, were more likely to receive AD (ORsevere depression = 5.34, 95% CI 1.70-16.78/ORAD GP = 9.26, 95% CI 2.53-33.90) or combined treatment (ORsevere depression = 6.32, 95% CI 1.86-21.49/ORAD GP = 22.36, 95% CI 5.89-83.59) with respect to psychotherapy. More severe patients with AD upon referral received combined treatment less often compared to psychotherapy (OR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.03-0.68). CONCLUSION AD prescriptions in primary care, severity and gender influenced treatment selection for depressive disorders in secondary psychiatric care. Other factors such as the accessibility of treatment and patient preferences may have played a role in treatment selection in this setting and need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I V E Carlier
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - I M van Vliet
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A M van Hemert
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A M Stiggelbout
- Department of Medical Decision Making, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - F G Zitman
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Children and Adolescents “Flying Under the Radar”: Understanding, Assessing, and Addressing Hidden Distress Among Students. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89842-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
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James-Hawkins L, Naved RT, Cheong YF, Yount KM. Multilevel Influences on Depressive Symptoms among Men in Bangladesh. PSYCHOLOGY OF MEN & MASCULINITY 2018; 20:104-114. [PMID: 30983906 DOI: 10.1037/men0000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a worldwide problem, and is especially prevalent in lower-income countries with insufficient resources and widespread poverty, such as Bangladesh. Yet multilevel determinants of depressive symptoms in men have not been studied in this context. We leverage a novel dataset from men in Bangladesh to determine the community- and individual-level influences of masculine dominance strain and financial strain on the frequency of married men's depressive symptoms in Bangladesh. Data were collected between January and June, 2011, as part of the UN Multi-Country Study of Men and Violence, conducted by The International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b). Masculine dominance strain at both levels was related to the frequency of depressive symptoms. Financial strain only at the individual level was related to the frequency of depressive symptoms. We conclude that community-level economic interventions may not directly influence individual-level depression; however, addressing customary conceptions of masculinity at the community and individual level and addressing individual-level financial strain are promising joint strategies to improve married men's mental health in Bangladesh and similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruchira Tabassum Naved
- Senior Scientist, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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44
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Hilario CT, Oliffe JL, Wong JP, Browne AJ, Johnson JL. "I tend to forget bad things": Immigrant and refugee young men's narratives of distress. Health (London) 2018. [PMID: 29536764 DOI: 10.1177/1363459318763865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Distress among young immigrant and refugee men has drawn increasing research attention in recent years. Nuanced understandings of distress are needed to inform mental health and public health programming. The purpose of this research was to examine distress from the perspectives of young immigrant and refugee men living in Greater Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Thirty-three young men (aged 15-22 years) from diverse immigrant and refugee backgrounds participated in interviews, which were conducted between 2014 and 2015. Data were examined using narrative analysis and theories of masculinities. Three narratives were identified-norming distress, acknowledging distress as ongoing, and situating distress. The findings reveal that the narratives offer different frames through which distress was rendered a norm, or acknowledged and situated in relation to the participants' relationships and to masculine discourses that shaped their expressions of distress. The findings can inform initiatives aimed at providing spaces for diverse young men to acknowledge their distress and to receive support for mental health challenges.
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Gomez J, Colón GJ, Spirito A. Socio-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Suicidal Behavior with a Puerto Rican Male Adolescent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 3:81-97. [PMID: 30906875 DOI: 10.1080/23794925.2018.1432300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In 2015, fifteen percent of Puerto Rican adolescents attempted suicide. In general, females have more suicidal thoughts while males are more likely to die by suicide. However, few evidence-based treatments have been developed for this population. Objectives The aim of this study was to illustrate the therapeutic process of a male Puerto Rican adolescent treated with the Socio-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Suicidal Behavior (SCBT-SB), a culturally informed protocol, and to discuss how developmental, feminist, and family system perspectives were incorporated in the SCBT-SB treatment model. Method A case study is presented: Julio received the SCBT-SB after a psychiatric hospitalization subsequent to threating to commit suicide. Baseline and post-treatment assessments evaluated diagnosis, risk factors (e.g. hopelessness), treatment satisfaction, and suicidal behaviors. Results Julio demonstrated clinically significant change in depressive symptoms, hopelessness, suicidal ideation, and aggressive/impulsive behaviors. Conclusions The SCBT-SB was feasible to implement and proved acceptable to the client and his family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judelysse Gomez
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (DPHB), Brow University, Box G-BH, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Gisela Jiménez Colón
- Institute for Psychological Research, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, PO Box 23174, San Juan, PR 00931-3174
| | - Anthony Spirito
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior (DPHB), Brow University, Box G-BH, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
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Rice SM, Ogrodniczuk JS, Kealy D, Seidler ZE, Dhillon HM, Oliffe JL. Validity of the Male Depression Risk Scale in a representative Canadian sample: sensitivity and specificity in identifying men with recent suicide attempt. J Ment Health 2017; 28:132-140. [DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2017.1417565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon M. Rice
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia,
| | - John S. Ogrodniczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,
| | - David Kealy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,
| | - Zac E. Seidler
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,
| | - Haryana M. Dhillon
- Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-based Decision-making, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, and
| | - John L. Oliffe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
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Farrokhi F, Beanlands H, Logan A, Kurdyak P, Jassal SV. Patient-perceived barriers to a screening program for depression: a patient opinion survey of hemodialysis patients. Clin Kidney J 2017; 10:830-837. [PMID: 29225813 PMCID: PMC5716221 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfx047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a prevalent, yet underdiagnosed, psychiatric disorder among patients with end-stage renal disease. Active case identification through routine screening is suggested; however, patient-related barriers may reduce the effectiveness of screening for, and treating, depression. This study aimed to explore the perceived barriers that limit patients from participating in screening and treatment programs for depression. Methods In a cross-sectional study of chronic maintenance hemodialysis patients, the Perceived Barriers to Psychological Treatment questionnaire, adapted to include screening, was used to measure perceived barriers. The two-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used to identify patients with depressive symptoms. Results Of 160 participants, 73.1% reported at least one barrier preventing them from participation [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 66.2–80.0%]. Patients with depressive symptoms were more likely to perceive at least one barrier to a screening program for depression compared with those without depressive symptoms (96% versus 68.9%, respectively; odds ratio = 10.8; 95% CI 1.4–82.8; P = 0.005). The association of the barrier scores with depressive symptoms remained significant after adjustment for patient’s characteristics. The most common barriers that patients expressed were concerns about the side effects of any antidepressant medications that may be prescribed (40%), concerns about having more medications (32%), feeling that the problem is not severe enough (23%) and perceiving no risk of depression (23%). Conclusions Negative perceptions about depression and its treatment among hemodialysis patients constitute an important barrier to identifying this condition and first need to be addressed before implementing a screening program in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Farrokhi
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Beanlands
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Logan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Kurdyak
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarbjit Vanita Jassal
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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48
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Athanasiadis C, Gough B, Robertson S. What do counsellors need to know about male depression? BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2017.1346232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chrysostomos Athanasiadis
- Division of Counselling and Psychological Therapies, School of Community Health and Midwifery, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Brendan Gough
- School of Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Steve Robertson
- School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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Rice SM, Aucote HM, Möller-Leimkühler AM, Amminger GP. Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Gotland Male Depression Scale in an Australian Community Sample. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The Gotland Male Depression Scale (GMDS) was developed to improve the assessment and identification of depression in men by assessing symptoms that fall outside DSM-V/ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for depression. However, research findings from the GMDS have been markedly discrepant. Attempts to validate the latent GMDS factor structure using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) have yielded inconsistent results, bringing the validity and public health utility of the scale into question. The current study used confirmatory factor analysis to test the construct validity of five competing latent factor models identified from prior research. Data were obtained and analyzed separately from an Australian community sample of adult males (n = 318) and females (n = 345). Fit indices demonstrated the original GMDS two-factor model (distress, depression) to be a poor fit to the data. An alternative mixed three-factor model demonstrated improved model fit, although indices remained marginal. Results question the factor structure validity of the GMDS in the present sample and highlight the need for further psychometric development of the scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M. Rice
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen M. Aucote
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | | | - G. Paul Amminger
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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50
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Doblyte S, Jiménez-Mejías E. Understanding Help-Seeking Behavior in Depression: A Qualitative Synthesis of Patients' Experiences. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2017; 27:100-113. [PMID: 27956660 DOI: 10.1177/1049732316681282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of evidence-based interventions, depression remains a great challenge for public health due to enormous treatment gap and lag which, at least partially, result from low professional help-seeking by people suffering from depressive symptoms. In this article, we aim to gain a better understanding of help-seeking behavior in depression, and how to intervene effectively decreasing treatment gap and delay by using a meta-ethnography approach-an interpretive technique to systematically synthesize qualitative data. It integrates views and experiences of 474 individuals with depression across 20 papers. Findings suggest several interrelated major concepts-help-seeking as a threat to identity, social networks as a conflict or support, and alternative coping strategies as the main factor for treatment delay-as well as multiple relational, structural, attitudinal, cognitive, culture-specific, or gender-specific barriers. A model of help-seeking as a threat to identity is developed and discussed in the context of existing research.
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