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Karbasi S, Binabaj MM, Khorasanchi Z, Bideh M, Zarban A, Bahrami A. Association between adherence to a low carbohydrate dietary (LCD) pattern with breast milk characteristics and oxidative markers in infants' urine: a cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:40. [PMID: 37149671 PMCID: PMC10163718 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast milk (BM) is a dynamic fluid that varies over time and between women. The variations in BM components are most likely associated with maternal diet quality. This study aimed to assess adherence to a low carbohydrate dietary (LCD) pattern with oxidative stress markers of BM characteristics and infants' urine. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study 350 breastfeeding mothers and their infants were recruited. BM samples were collected from mothers, and urine specimens were obtained from each infant. To evaluate LCD scores, subjects were divided into 10 deciles according to the percent of energy obtained from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Determination of total antioxidant activity was conducted using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), and Ellman's assay. Biochemical assays of samples including calcium, total protein, and triglyceride level were also performed using commercial kits. RESULTS Participants with the greatest LCD pattern adherence were placed into the last quartile (Q4), and those with the minimum LCD were in the first quartile (Q1). Individuals in the highest LCD quartile had significantly higher levels of milk FRAP, thiol, and protein, as well as infant urinary FRAP and lower milk MDA levels than those in the lowest quartile. Multivariate linear regression analyses indicated that higher score of the LCD pattern was associated with a higher level of milk thiol, protein, and lower level of milk MDA (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings show that adherence to a LCD, as defined by a low level of carbohydrates in daily food intake, is linked with improved BM quality and markers of oxidative stress in infant urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Karbasi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Maryam Moradi Binabaj
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Zahra Khorasanchi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Milad Bideh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Asghar Zarban
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Afsane Bahrami
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Akbar Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Gonzalez MR, Zuelch ML, Smiljanec K, Mbakwe AU, Axler MR, Witman MA, Lennon SL. Arterial Stiffness and Endothelial Function are Comparable in Young Healthy Vegetarians and Omnivores. Nutr Res 2022; 105:163-172. [PMID: 36054948 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Vegetarians (VEG) are reported to have lower body weight, blood pressure (BP), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk compared with omnivores (OMN), yet the mechanisms remain unclear. A vegetarian diet may protect the vascular endothelium, reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and CVD. This cross-sectional study compared vascular function between OMN and VEG. We hypothesized that VEG would have greater vascular function compared with OMN. Fifty-eight normotensive young healthy adults participated (40 women [W]/18 men [M]; 28 OMN [15W/13M] and 30 VEG [25W/5M]; 26 ± 7 years; BP: 112 ± 11/67 ± 8 mm Hg). Arterial stiffness, assessed by carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (OMN: 5.6 ± 0.8 m/s, VEG: 5.3 ± 0.8 m/s; P = .17) and wave reflection assessed by aortic augmentation index (OMN: 6.9 ± 12.3%, VEG: 8.8 ± 13.5%; P = .57) were not different between groups. However, central pulse pressure (OMN: 32 ± 5; VEG: 29 ± 5 mm Hg; P = .048) and forward wave reflection were greater in omnivores (OMN: 26 ± 3; VEG: 24 ± 3 mm Hg; P = .048). Endothelial-dependent dilation measured by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was not different between groups (OMN: 6.0 ± 2.9%, VEG: 6.9 ± 3.3%; P = .29). Percent change in femoral blood flow from baseline during passive leg movement, another assessment of nitric oxide-mediated endothelial dilation, was similar between groups (OMN: 203 ± 88 mL/min, VEG: 253 ± 192 mL/min; P = .50). These data suggest that in healthy young adults, normotensive VEG do not have significantly improved vascular function compared with OMN; however, they have a lower central pulse pressure and forward wave amplitude which may lower the risk of future CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Ramos Gonzalez
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Michelle L Zuelch
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Katarina Smiljanec
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Alexis U Mbakwe
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Michael R Axler
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Melissa A Witman
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Shannon L Lennon
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA.
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The Potential Role of Creatine in Vascular Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030857. [PMID: 33807747 PMCID: PMC7999364 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine is an organic compound, consumed exogenously in the diet and synthesized endogenously via an intricate inter-organ process. Functioning in conjunction with creatine kinase, creatine has long been known for its pivotal role in cellular energy provision and energy shuttling. In addition to the abundance of evidence supporting the ergogenic benefits of creatine supplementation, recent evidence suggests a far broader application for creatine within various myopathies, neurodegenerative diseases, and other pathologies. Furthermore, creatine has been found to exhibit non-energy related properties, contributing as a possible direct and in-direct antioxidant and eliciting anti-inflammatory effects. In spite of the new clinical success of supplemental creatine, there is little scientific insight into the potential effects of creatine on cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of mortality. Taking into consideration the non-energy related actions of creatine, highlighted in this review, it can be speculated that creatine supplementation may serve as an adjuvant therapy for the management of vascular health in at-risk populations. This review, therefore, not only aims to summarize the current literature surrounding creatine and vascular health, but to also shed light onto the potential mechanisms in which creatine may be able to serve as a beneficial supplement capable of imparting vascular-protective properties and promoting vascular health.
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The Effects of Oral Consumption of Honey on Key Metabolic Profiles in Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Nondiabetic Individuals: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6666832. [PMID: 33552217 PMCID: PMC7847356 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6666832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Although several clinical trials have revealed the beneficial effects of honey on metabolic profiles, the results are conflicting. The aim of this study was to systematically summarize the effects of oral consumption of honey on key metabolic profiles in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nondiabetic individuals. Methods In total, four electronic databases, including PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane library, were searched from 2000 to 31 July 2019 to identify all English language studies that would meet the eligibility criteria. Clinical trials which have examined the effects of oral consumption of any types of honey on anthropometric indices, glycemic status, lipid profiles, and blood pressure in both diabetic and nondiabetic adult subjects were included in the study. Results Of the 7769 possible relevant studies (including 3547 duplicates) identified in the initial search, finally, 13 clinical trials were included in the systematic review. All studies except three had a parallel design. Of 13 studies, 8 trials did not have placebo/control groups. The included studies examined the impact of oral consumption of honey on glycemic status (n = 12), anthropometric indices (n = 6), lipid profiles (n = 10), and blood pressure (n = 3). Based on the Jadad scale, 5 studies had acceptable methodological quality, and the remaining (n = 8) had low methodological quality. Conclusion The current systematic review showed that oral consumption of honey might have no significant effects on the modulation of metabolic profiles in nondiabetic subjects. In addition, a high intake of honey might increase glucose levels and worsen other metabolic parameters in patients with T2DM. Due to substantial heterogeneity in study design and limited clinical trials, results, however, should be interpreted with great caution.
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Alkhatib A. Antiviral Functional Foods and Exercise Lifestyle Prevention of Coronavirus. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2633. [PMID: 32872374 PMCID: PMC7551447 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is causing global mortality and lockdown burdens. A compromised immune system is a known risk factor for all viral influenza infections. Functional foods optimize the immune system capacity to prevent and control pathogenic viral infections, while physical activity augments such protective benefits. Exercise enhances innate and adaptive immune systems through acute, transient, and long-term adaptations to physical activity in a dose-response relationship. Functional foods prevention of non-communicable disease can be translated into protecting against respiratory viral infections and COVID-19. Functional foods and nutraceuticals within popular diets contain immune-boosting nutraceuticals, polyphenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols, pigments, unsaturated fatty-acids, micronutrient vitamins and minerals, including vitamin A, B6, B12, C, D, E, and folate, and trace elements, including zinc, iron, selenium, magnesium, and copper. Foods with antiviral properties include fruits, vegetables, fermented foods and probiotics, olive oil, fish, nuts and seeds, herbs, roots, fungi, amino acids, peptides, and cyclotides. Regular moderate exercise may contribute to reduce viral risk and enhance sleep quality during quarantine, in combination with appropriate dietary habits and functional foods. Lifestyle and appropriate nutrition with functional compounds may offer further antiviral approaches for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alkhatib
- School of Health and Life sciences, Teesside University, Tees Valley, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK
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Abstract
A wide variety of plant species provide edible seeds. Seeds are the dominant source of human calories and protein. The most important and popular seed food sources are cereals, followed by legumes and nuts. Their nutritional content of fiber, protein, and monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fats make them extremely nutritious. They are important additions to our daily food consumption. When consumed as part of a healthy diet, seeds can help reduce blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure.
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Adebayo AA, Oboh G, Ademosun AO. Almond-supplemented diet improves sexual functions beyond Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition in diabetic male rats. Heliyon 2019; 5:e03035. [PMID: 31890965 PMCID: PMC6928307 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, an important feature of diabetes, can cause oxidative stress, which is associated with varieties of diabetic complications including erectile dysfunction. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the effect of almond-supplemented diet on some biochemical indices relevant to erection in diabetic male rats. Forty-two male rats were divided into two groups: A (n = 6) and B (n = 36). Diabetes was induced in Group B via injection of a single dose of STZ (50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and confirmed 72 h after induction. Diabetic rats (blood glucose ≥250 mg/dL) were subsequently divided into six groups (n = 6). Fourteen days after confirmation of diabetes, rats were fed with diets containing almond drupe and seeds (10 and 20% inclusion) for fourteen days. The effects of the diets on blood glucose, sexual behavior, sexual hormones, phosphodiesterase-5 activity, nitric oxide, H2S, and AGEs levels were evaluated. Significant increase in blood glucose level, phosphodiesterase-5 activity, and glycated hemoglobin was observed in diabetic rats. Furthermore, diabetes caused a significant decrease in nitric oxide, H2S, sexual hormones (testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone) levels, and sexual behavioral indices. However, treatment with diets supplemented with almond drupe and seeds significantly reversed these effects in diabetic rats. Findings in this study revealed that almond-supplemented diets enhance some important biomarkers relevant to erection in diabetic rats. Thus, dietary inclusion of almond (drupe and seeds) could serve as a cheap and readily available nutraceutical in the management of erectile dysfunction associated with diabetes.
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Jhun H, Baek S, Kim J, Lee KP, Park HY, Park WH, Lim K, Kim J. Effect of Korean Magnolia obovata Extract on Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 26:677-682. [PMID: 31571123 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Korean Magnolia obovata crude extract (KME) on plateletderived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS KME composition was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). VSMCs were isolated from the aorta of a Sprague-Dawley rat, incubated in serum free-Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium in the presence or absence of KME (10, 30, 100, and 300 μg/mL), then further treated with PDGF-BB (10 ng/mL). VSMC proliferation was detected using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and VSMC migration was determined using the Boyden chamber and scratch wound healing assays. Western blot analysis was used to detect phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (p-ERK1/2), protein kinase B (p-Akt), and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (p-SAPK/JNK). The antimigration and proliferation effects of KME were tested using aortic sprout outgrowth. RESULTS The HPLC analysis identified honokiol (0.45 mg/g) and magnolol (0.34 mg/g) as the major components of KME. KME (30, 100, and 300 μg/mL) significantly decreased the proliferation and migration of PDGF-BB-stimulated (10 ng/mL) VSMCs and the PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of EKR1/2, Akt, and SAPK/JNK (P<0.05). Furthermore, PDGF-BBinduced VSMCs treated with 300 μg/mL of KME showed reduction in aortic sprout outgrowth. CONCLUSION KME could inhibit abnormal proliferation and migration of VSMCs by down-regulating the phosphorylation of EKR1/2 and Akt. Thus, KME might be a functional food for preventing vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjhung Jhun
- Technical Assistance Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeonbuk, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Suji Baek
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Department of Bio-Science, College of Natural Science, Dongguk University, Gyeongbuk, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Pa Lee
- Department of Bio-Science, College of Natural Science, Dongguk University, Gyeongbuk, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Physical Activity & Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Hwan Park
- Department of Diagnostic, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Physical Activity & Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Physical Activity & Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Chahibakhsh N, Hosseini E, lslam MS, Rahbar AR. Bitter almond gum reduces body mass index, serum triglyceride, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in overweight subjects with hyperlipidemia. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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Tippens KM, Erlandsen A, Hanes DA, Graybill R, Jackson C, Briley J, Zwickey H. Impact of a Short-Term Naturopathic Whole-Foods-Based Nutrition Education Intervention on Dietary Behavior and Diabetes Risk Markers: A Pilot Study. J Altern Complement Med 2018; 25:234-240. [PMID: 30312107 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2018.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility of measuring the health impacts of a 12-week naturopathic whole foods nutrition education course among adults with or at risk for prediabetes. DESIGN A pilot nonrandomized pre-post intervention design investigated physiological changes associated with participation in a 12-week structured naturopathic nutrition education course. Follow-up measures were assessed at 6 and 12 months from baseline. SETTINGS/LOCATION Three community-based kitchens in Oregon. SUBJECTS Forty-five adults with or at risk for prediabetes. INTERVENTION Twelve weekly 90-min workshops emphasizing the health benefits of a naturopathic whole foods diet and including collective meal preparation and communal dining. OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in biomarkers of diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), hemoglobin A1c, insulin, and lipids, and changes in dietary behaviors at baseline, postintervention (12 weeks), and 6- and 12-month follow-up. Changes in biomarkers and food consumption patterns were assessed using linear mixed models with random intercept, including data from all participants who completed the end-of-intervention assessment. RESULTS Pre-post intervention results for 45 participants showed decreases in blood glucose and hs-CRP. Food frequency questionnaire data showed decreases in daily servings of grain, dairy, and fat postintervention. Decreases in blood glucose, hs-CRP, triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, very-low-density lipoprotein, and HbA1c from baseline were observed at 12-month follow-up. Both insulin and high-density lipoprotein were decreased from baseline and 12-week levels at the 6-month follow-up but increased from all earlier levels at 12 months (all p < 0.0001). Daily servings of meat, dairy, and fat remained decreased at 6-month follow-up. Reduced grain consumption observed at 12-week and at 6-month follow-up was not sustained, and increased at 12 months, although still decreased from baseline. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that this naturopathic nutrition education series may promote dietary behavior change with associated changes in clinical biomarkers. Larger controlled studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Tippens
- 1 National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR.,2 Helfgott Research Institute, Portland, OR
| | - Andrew Erlandsen
- 1 National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR.,2 Helfgott Research Institute, Portland, OR.,3 Food As Medicine Institute, Portland, OR
| | - Douglas A Hanes
- 1 National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR.,2 Helfgott Research Institute, Portland, OR
| | - Robert Graybill
- 1 National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR.,2 Helfgott Research Institute, Portland, OR
| | - Courtney Jackson
- 1 National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR.,3 Food As Medicine Institute, Portland, OR
| | - Julie Briley
- 1 National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR.,3 Food As Medicine Institute, Portland, OR
| | - Heather Zwickey
- 1 National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR.,2 Helfgott Research Institute, Portland, OR
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Izadi V, Haghighatdoost F, Moosavian P, Azadbakht L. Effect of Low-Energy-Dense Diet Rich in Multiple Functional Foods on Weight-Loss Maintenance, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Am Coll Nutr 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1412275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vajihe Izadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Moosavian
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kafeshani M, Entezari MH, Karimian J, Pourmasoumi M, Maracy MR, Amini MR, Hadi A. A comparative study of the effect of green tea and sour tea on blood pressure and lipid profile in healthy adult men. ARYA ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2017; 13:109-116. [PMID: 29147120 PMCID: PMC5677327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a set of metabolic disorders affecting heart and blood vessels. Green tea and sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) have attracted significant attention recently due to their high popularity, nutrient profile and therapeutic effects. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of green tea and sour tea supplementation on blood pressure and lipid profile in healthy adult men. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included 54 healthy adult men. The participants were randomly assigned to two intervention groups receiving 450 mg green tea or sour tea and one placebo group which consumed 450 mg placebo (maltodextrin) for 6 weeks. Blood pressure, lipid profile, dietary intake and physical activity were measured pre- and post-intervention and compared. RESULTS After 6 weeks of intervention, sour tea supplementation led to a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared with the placebo group. However, we faild to find any significant difference in SBP between green tea and control groups. Also, no significant changes were observed in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and lipid profile between the three groups. In comparison with baseline, there was a significant increase in the mean level of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in green tea and sour tea groups. Also, the interventions resulted in significant decrease in the mean levels of serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and DBP in the sour tea group compared with the pre-intervention value. CONCLUSION On the basis of our findings, sour tea supplementation led to decreased SBP in healthy men compared with the placebo, but there was no significant difference between their effects on DBP and lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Kafeshani
- Food Security Research Center AND Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Entezari
- Associate Professor, Food Security Research Center AND Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jahangir Karimian
- Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, School of Management and Medical Information, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Makan Pourmasoumi
- MSc Student, Student Research Committee AND Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Maracy
- Professor, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Amini
- MSc Student, Student Research Committee AND Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Hadi
- MSc Student, Student Research Committee AND Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Correspondence to: Amir Hadi,
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Saric S, Notay M, Sivamani RK. Green Tea and Other Tea Polyphenols: Effects on Sebum Production and Acne Vulgaris. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 6:antiox6010002. [PMID: 28036057 PMCID: PMC5384166 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are antioxidant molecules found in many foods including nuts, fruits, vegetables, chocolate, wine, and tea. Polyphenols have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic properties. Recent studies suggest that tea polyphenols may be used for reducing sebum production in the skin and for treatment of acne vulgaris. This review examines the evidence for use of topically and orally ingested tea polyphenols against sebum production and for acne treatment and prevention. The PubMed database was searched for studies on tea polyphenols, sebum secretion, and acne vulgaris. Of the 59 studies found, eight met the inclusion criteria. Two studies evaluated tea polyphenol effects on sebum production; six studies examined tea polyphenol effects on acne vulgaris. Seven studies evaluated topical tea polyphenols; one study examined systemic tea polyphenols. None of the studies evaluated both topical and systemic tea polyphenols. Tea polyphenol sources included green tea (six studies) and tea, type not specified (two studies). Overall, there is some evidence that tea polyphenols in topical formulation may be beneficial in reducing sebum secretion and in treatment of acne. Research studies of high quality and with large sample sizes are needed to assess the efficacy of tea polyphenols in topical and oral prevention of acne vulgaris and lipid synthesis by the sebaceous glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Saric
- School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Manisha Notay
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA.
| | - Raja K Sivamani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA.
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Saric S, Sivamani RK. Polyphenols and Sunburn. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091521. [PMID: 27618035 PMCID: PMC5037798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are antioxidant molecules found in many foods such as green tea, chocolate, grape seeds, and wine. Polyphenols have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic properties. Growing evidence suggests that polyphenols may be used for the prevention of sunburns as polyphenols decrease the damaging effects of ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation on the skin. This review was conducted to examine the evidence for use of topically and orally ingested polyphenols in prevention of sunburns. The PubMed database was searched for studies that examined polyphenols and its effects on sunburns. Of the 27 studies found, 15 met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies were conducted on human subjects and eight on animals (mice and rats). Eleven studies evaluated the effects of topical polyphenols, two studies examined ingested polyphenols, and two studies examined both topical and ingested polyphenols. Polyphenol sources included the following plant origins: green tea, white tea, cocoa, Romanian propolis (RP), Calluna vulgaris (Cv), grape seeds, honeybush, and Lepidium meyenii (maca). Eight studies examined green tea. Overall, based on the studies, there is evidence that polyphenols in both oral and topical form may provide protection from UV damage and sunburn, and thus are beneficial to skin health. However, current studies are limited and further research is necessary to evaluate the efficacy, mechanism of action, and potential side effects of various forms and concentrations of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Saric
- School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Raja K Sivamani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA.
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Abstract
American dietary patterns have shifted over the past 100 years, resulting in a diet based on animal foods and highly processed carbohydrates. This shift has produced the current epidemics of obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, as well as many cancers. In addition, the Western diet is also negatively affecting the reproductive capacity of the population. The birth rate is in decline and infertility and subfecundity are on the rise secondary to both ovulatory infertility and declining sperm quality. Pregnancy outcomes and maternal morbidity and mortality are also being affected. This diet, high in fat and sugar, is also contributing to the epidemic levels of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda McKinney
- Beatrice Community Hospital and Health Center, Beatrice, Nebraska (AM)
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16
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Wagner LE, Evans RG, Noland D, Barkley R, Sullivan DK, Drisko J. The Next Generation of Dietitians: Implementing Dietetics Education and Practice in Integrative Medicine. J Am Coll Nutr 2015; 34:430-5. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2014.979514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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17
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Louis XL, Thandapilly SJ, Kalt W, Vinqvist-Tymchuk M, Aloud BM, Raj P, Yu L, Le H, Netticadan T. Blueberry polyphenols prevent cardiomyocyte death by preventing calpain activation and oxidative stress. Food Funct 2015; 5:1785-94. [PMID: 24910858 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60588d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of an aqueous wild blueberry extract and five wild blueberry polyphenol fractions on an in vitro model of heart disease. Adult rat cardiomyocytes were pretreated with extract and fractions, and then exposed to norepinephrine (NE). Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cell death, oxidative stress, apoptosis and cardiomyocyte contractile function as well as the activities of calpain, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured in cardiomyocytes treated with and without NE and blueberry fraction (BF). Four of five blueberry fractions prevented cell death and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by NE. Total phenolic fraction was used for all further analysis. The NE-induced increase in oxidative stress, nuclear condensation, calpain activity and lowering of SOD and CAT activities were prevented upon pretreatment with BF. Reduced contractile function was also significantly improved with BF pretreatment. Blueberry polyphenols prevent NE-induced adult cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell death. The protective effects of BF may be in part attributed to a reduction in calpain activity and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Lieben Louis
- Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, R2035, St. Boniface Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaR2H 2A6.
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18
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Zarzecki MS, Araujo SM, Bortolotto VC, de Paula MT, Jesse CR, Prigol M. Hypolipidemic action of chrysin on Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia in female C57BL/6 mice. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:200-208. [PMID: 28962239 PMCID: PMC5598421 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid, natural component of traditional medicinal herbs, present in honey, propolis and many plant extracts. The objective of this study was to investigate the hypolipidemic properties of chrysin on Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia in female C57BL/6 mice. Triton WR-1339 was administered intraperitoneally (400 mg/kg) to overnight-fasted mice to develop acute hyperlipidemia. Chrysin was administered orally (10 mg/kg) 30 min before Triton WR-1339. At 24 h after Triton WR-1339 injection, blood samples were collected to measure plasma lipid levels. The hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), carbonyl content, non-protein sulfhydryl (NPSH) and ascorbic acid (AA) levels, as well as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were recorded. Chrysin administration significantly decreased total cholesterol levels. In addition, it partially decreased non-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides levels in plasma of hyperlipidaemic mice. In addition chrysin administration prevented the increase on TBARS levels and prevented the decrease in SOD activity induced by Triton WR-1339. These findings indicated that chrysin was able to decrease plasma lipids concentration and that its antioxidant properties was, at least in part, involved in the hypolipidaemic action of chrysin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheli Stéfani Zarzecki
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - Unipampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Itaqui, Itaqui, RS 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Stífani M Araujo
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - Unipampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Itaqui, Itaqui, RS 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Vandreza C Bortolotto
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - Unipampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Itaqui, Itaqui, RS 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Mariane Trindade de Paula
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - Unipampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Itaqui, Itaqui, RS 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Ricardo Jesse
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - Unipampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Itaqui, Itaqui, RS 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Prigol
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - Unipampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa - Campus Itaqui, Itaqui, RS 97650-000, Brazil
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Testai L, Martelli A, Cristofaro M, Breschi MC, Calderone V. Cardioprotective effects of different flavonoids against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:750-6. [PMID: 23600393 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Flavonoids are important components of 'functional foods', with beneficial effects on the cardiovascular function, mainly due to their antioxidant activity. Many flavonoids exert antihypertensive, anti-atherosclerotic and antiplatelet activity and positive effects against endothelial dysfunction. Recent evidence indicates that they exert cardioprotective effects against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The aim of this work was to investigate these properties for flavonoids with different structural characteristics. METHODS In this work, the cardioprotective effects of eight flavonoids endowed with different structural characteristics were tested on Langendorff-perfused rat hearts submitted to 30 min of global ischaemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion (I/R). KEY FINDINGS Only the 5-hydroxy-substituted derivatives, such as 5-hydroxy flavone, apigenin, chrysin and naringenin, conferred on the hearts an improved post-ischaemic functional recovery associated with lower extension of tissue injury. A similar pharmacological profile was exhibited by 5-methoxy flavone. In contrast, 6-hydroxy flavone, 7-hydroxy flavone and 4'-hydroxy flavanone did not confer significant protection against the injury induced by I/R. CONCLUSIONS Some flavonoids exhibit direct cardioprotective effects against the injury induced by drastic I/R and this pharmacological property seems to be related to their structural characteristics. Such an influence of structural requirements seems to indicate that the cardioprotective effects may be due to the interaction with specific pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Testai
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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20
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Louis XL, Murphy R, Thandapilly SJ, Yu L, Netticadan T. Garlic extracts prevent oxidative stress, hypertrophy and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes: a role for nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:140. [PMID: 22931510 PMCID: PMC3519616 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background In ancient times, plants were recognized for their medicinal properties. Later, the arrival of synthetic drugs pushed it to the backstage. However, from being merely used for food, plants are now been widely explored for their therapeutic value. The current study explores the potential of skin and flesh extracts from a hard-necked Rocambole variety of purple garlic in preventing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell death. Methods Norepinephrine (NE) was used to induce hypertrophy in adult rat cardiomyocytes pretreated with garlic skin and flesh extracts. Cell death was measured as ratio of rod to round shaped cardiomyocytes. Fluorescent probes were used to measure apoptosis and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes treated with and without extracts and NE. Pharmacological blockade of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were used to elucidate the mechanism of action of garlic extracts. Garlic extract samples were also tested for alliin and allicin concentrations. Results Exposure of cardiomyocytes to NE induced an increase in cell size and cell death; this increase was significantly prevented upon treatment with garlic skin and flesh extracts. Norepinephrine increased apoptosis and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes which was prevented upon pretreatment with skin and flesh extracts; NO, and H2S blockers significantly inhibited this beneficial effect. Allicin and alliin concentration were significantly higher in garlic flesh extract when compared to the skin extract. Conclusion These results suggest that both skin and flesh garlic extracts are effective in preventing NE induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell death. Reduction in oxidative stress may also play an important role in the anti-hypertrophic and anti-apoptotic properties of garlic extracts. These beneficial effects may in part be mediated by NO and H2S.
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Ospina-E JC, Sierra-C A, Ochoa O, Pérez-Álvarez JA, Fernández-López J. Substitution of saturated fat in processed meat products: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2012; 52:113-22. [PMID: 22059958 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.493978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The food industry is increasingly directing its efforts to produce and commercialize functional foods where the reduction or even elimination of saturated fat is an important goal. This situation arises from the concern of many institutions and individuals worldwide on the growth of non-transmissible diseases, particularly cardiovascular ones. This article presents a revision of the most important research carried out on processed meat products production and looks at the topic from two principal points of view: the nutritional and technological function of fat and the way in which it is gradually being replaced in the above-mentioned products. Many ingredients have been used to substitute fat but while the results concerning the nutritional composition of the final products are generally acceptable, the sensory aspects are not completely solved. This review emphasizes the use of plastic fats because they allow the highest fat substitution levels during its process and consumption without affecting the product behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Ospina-E
- Industria de Alimentos Zenú, Medellín, Colombia Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Cárnico CI+D
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22
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Cicero AFG, Bove M, Gerocarni B, Giovannini M, Borghi C. Evaluation of the short term efficacy and tolerability of a combined nutraceutical with lipid-lowering properties: a randomized clinical trial. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12349-011-0057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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23
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Tulipani S, Llorach R, Jáuregui O, López-Uriarte P, Garcia-Aloy M, Bullo M, Salas-Salvadó J, Andrés-Lacueva C. Metabolomics unveils urinary changes in subjects with metabolic syndrome following 12-week nut consumption. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:5047-58. [PMID: 21905751 DOI: 10.1021/pr200514h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Through an HPLC-Q-TOF-MS-driven nontargeted metabolomics approach, we aimed to discriminate changes in the urinary metabolome of subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS), following 12 weeks of mixed nuts consumption (30 g/day), compared to sex- and age-matched individuals given a control diet. The urinary metabolome corresponding to the nut-enriched diet clearly clustered in a distinct group, and the multivariate data analysis discriminated relevant mass features in this separation. Metabolites corresponding to the discriminating ions (MS features) were then subjected to multiple tandem mass spectrometry experiments using LC-ITD-FT-MS, to confirm their putative identification. The metabolomics approach revealed 20 potential markers of nut intake, including fatty acid conjugated metabolites, phase II and microbial-derived phenolic metabolites, and serotonin metabolites. An increased excretion of serotonin metabolites was associated for the first time with nut consumption. Additionally, the detection of urinary markers of gut microbial and phase II metabolism of nut polyphenols confirmed the understanding of their bioavailability and bioactivity as a priority area of research in the determination of the health effects derived from nut consumption. The results confirmed how a nontargeted metabolomics strategy may help to access unexplored metabolic pathways impacted by diet, thereby raising prospects for new intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tulipani
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
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Ostertag LM, O'Kennedy N, Horgan GW, Kroon PA, Duthie GG, de Roos B. In vitro anti-platelet effects of simple plant-derived phenolic compounds are only found at high, non-physiological concentrations. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:1624-36. [PMID: 21898791 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Bioactive polyphenols from fruits, vegetables, and beverages have anti-platelet effects and may thus affect the development of cardiovascular disease. We screened the effects of 26 low molecular weight phenolic compounds on two in vitro measures of human platelet function. METHODS AND RESULTS After platelets had been incubated with one of 26 low molecular weight phenolic compounds in vitro, collagen-induced human platelet aggregation and in vitro TRAP-induced P-selectin expression (as marker of platelet activation) were assessed. Incubation of platelet-rich plasma from healthy volunteers with 100 μmol/L hippuric acid, pyrogallol, catechol, or resorcinol significantly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation (all p<0.05; n≥15). Incubation of whole blood with concentrations of 100 μmol/L salicylic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl glycine, 5-methoxysalicylic acid, and catechol significantly inhibited TRAP-induced surface P-selectin expression (all p<0.05; n=10). Incubation with lower concentrations of phenolics affected neither platelet aggregation nor activation. CONCLUSION As concentrations of 100 μmol/L are unlikely to be reached in the circulation, it is doubtful whether consumption of dietary phenolics in nutritionally attainable amounts plays a major role in inhibition of platelet activation and aggregation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M Ostertag
- University of Aberdeen, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, Aberdeen, UK
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Ainsworth BE, Gabriel KP. The Building Healthy Lifestyles Conference: Modifying Lifestyles to Enhance Physical Activity, Diet, and Reduce Cardiovascular Disease: Summary and Conclusions. Am J Lifestyle Med 2009; 3:6S-10S. [PMID: 20401338 PMCID: PMC2855200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara E. Ainsworth
- Healthy Lifestyles Research Center and Program in Exercise and Wellness; College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University; Mesa, AZ 85212
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Health Promotion, Social & Behavioral Health; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha, NE 68198-6075
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