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Chhunchha B, Kumar R, Kubo E, Thakur P, Singh DP. Prdx6 Regulates Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation-Driven Inflammatory Response in Lens Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16276. [PMID: 38003466 PMCID: PMC10671722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuum of antioxidant response dysregulation in aging/oxidative stress-driven Nlrp3 inflammasome activation-mediated inflammatory response is associated with age-related diseases. Peroxiredoxin (Prdx) 6 is a key antioxidant that provides cytoprotection by regulating redox homeostasis. Herein, using lens epithelial cells (LECs) derived from the targeted inactivation of Prdx6 gene and aging lenses, we present molecular evidence that Prdx6-deficiency causes oxidative-driven Nlrp3 inflammasome activation, resulting in pyroptosis in aging/redox active cells wherein Prdx6 availability offsets the inflammatory process. We observed that Prdx6-/- and aging LECs harboring accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) showed augmented activation of Nlrp3 and bioactive inflammatory components, like Caspase-1, IL-1β, ASC and Gasdermin-D. Similar to lipopolysaccharide treatment, oxidative exposure led to further ROS amplification with increased activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome pathway. Mechanistically, we found that oxidative stress enhanced Kruppel-like factor 9 (Klf9) expression in aging/Prdx6-/- mLECs, leading to a Klf9-dependent increase in Nlrp3 transcription, while the elimination of ROS by the delivery of Prdx6 or by silencing Klf9 prevented the inflammatory response. Altogether, our data identify the biological significance of Prdx6 as an intrinsic checkpoint for regulating the cellular health of aging or redox active LECs and provide opportunities to develop antioxidant-based therapeutic(s) to prevent oxidative/aging-related diseases linked to aberrant Nlrp3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Chhunchha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku 9200293, Ishikawa, Japan;
| | - Priyanka Thakur
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Dhirendra P. Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.K.); (P.T.)
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2
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Jin L, Liang Y, Yu Y, Miao P, Huang Y, Xu L, Wang H, Wang C, Huang J, Guo K. Evaluation of the Effect of New Multimodal Analgesia Regimen for Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled, Single-Center Clinical Study. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1665-1677. [PMID: 37309414 PMCID: PMC10257907 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s406929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the feasibility of multimodal regimen by paracetamol, gabapentin, ketamine, lidocaine, dexmedetomidine and sufentanil among cardiac surgery patients, and compare the analgesia efficacy with conventional sufentanil-based regimen. Design A single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Setting One participating center, the cardiovascular center of the major integrated teaching hospital. Participants A total of 115 patients were assessed for eligibility: 108 patients were randomized, 7 cases were excluded. Interventions The control group (group T) received conventional anesthesia management. Interventions in the multimodal group (group M) were as follows in addition to the standard of care: gabapentin and acetaminophen 1 hour before surgery; ketamine for induction and to maintain anesthesia with lidocaine and dexmedetomide. Ketamine, lidocaine, and dexmedetomidine were added to routine sedatives postoperatively in group M. Measurements and Main Results The incidence of moderate-to-severe pain on coughing made no significant difference (68.5% vs 64.8%, P=0.683). Group M had significantly less sufentanil use (135.72µg vs 94.85µg, P=0.000) and lower rescue analgesia rate (31.5% vs 57.4%, P=0.007). There was no significant difference in the incidence of chronic pain, PONV, dizziness, inflammation index, mechanical ventilation time, length of stay, and complications between the two groups. Conclusion Our multimodal regimen in cardiac surgery is feasible, but was not superior to traditional sufentanil-based regimen in the aspects of analgesia effects; however, it did reduce perioperative opioid consumption along with rescue analgesia rate. Moreover, it showed the same length of stay and the incidences of postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jin
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yafen Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Health Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Miao
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihao Huang
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liying Xu
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huilin Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiapeng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kefang Guo
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Li Q, Chen F, Wang F. The immunological mechanisms and therapeutic potential in drug-induced liver injury: lessons learned from acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:187. [PMID: 36414987 PMCID: PMC9682794 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure caused by drug overdose is a significant clinical problem in developed countries. Acetaminophen (APAP), a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug, but its overdose can cause acute liver failure. In addition to APAP-induced direct hepatotoxicity, the intracellular signaling mechanisms of APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) including metabolic activation, mitochondrial oxidant stress and proinflammatory response further affect progression and severity of AILI. Liver inflammation is a result of multiple interactions of cell death molecules, immune cell-derived cytokines and chemokines, as well as damaged cell-released signals which orchestrate hepatic immune cell infiltration. The immunoregulatory interplay of these inflammatory mediators and switching of immune responses during AILI lead to different fate of liver pathology. Thus, better understanding the complex interplay of immune cell subsets in experimental models and defining their functional involvement in disease progression are essential to identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of AILI. Here, this present review aims to systematically elaborate on the underlying immunological mechanisms of AILI, its relevance to immune cells and their effector molecules, and briefly discuss great therapeutic potential based on inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Li
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Division of Gastroenterology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.628, Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Feng Chen
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Division of Gastroenterology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.628, Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Fei Wang
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Division of Gastroenterology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.628, Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 China
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4
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Yao Y, Li R, Liu D, Long L, He N. Rosmarinic acid alleviates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by targeting Nrf2 and NEK7-NLRP3 signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113773. [PMID: 35753269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural polyphenol with various biological activities, such as anti-oxidative, anti-fibrotic, and hepatoprotective properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of RA against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity (AILI) and explore the underlying mechanisms. Kunming mice were treated with RA (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg, i.g) for 7d, followed by an intraperitoneal injection of APAP (500 mg/kg). The liver injury was evaluated by serum biochemical and liver histopathological examinations. Human HepG2 cells were pre-treated with RA (20, 40, or 80 μmol/L) and then incubated with APAP (25 mmol/L) for 24 h. The MTT assay, wound healing assay, transwell migration assay, flow cytometry, and western blotting were employed to further evaluate RA's protective effects on AILI and explore the mechanisms. The results indicated that RA pre-treatment lowered the serum ALT and AST levels, ameliorated the histological damage to the liver, and reduced ROS generation and the production of IL-1β and IL-18 in the liver tissues in APAP-treated mice. Moreover, pre-treatment with RA could promote the cell viability and migration ability and inhibit apoptosis in APAP-treated HepG2 cells. Mechanistically, RA could significantly suppress the APAP-induced activation of the NEK7-NLRP3 signaling pathway. Notably, depletion of Nrf2 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) partly eliminated the protective effects of RA on AILI and the suppression of NEK7-NLRP3 signaling by RA. In summary, these results indicate that RA has a protective role against AILI through Nrf2-mediated inhibition of ROS production and suppression of the NEK7-NLRP3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yao
- Department of Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, PR China.
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, PR China
| | - Lihui Long
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, PR China
| | - Na He
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, PR China
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5
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Rosa RH, Xie W, Zhao M, Tsai SH, Roddy GW, Su MG, Potts LB, Hein TW, Kuo L. Intravitreal Administration of Stanniocalcin-1 Rescues Photoreceptor Degeneration with Reduced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in a Porcine Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 239:230-243. [PMID: 35307380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1), a secreted polypeptide exhibiting multiple functions in cell survival and death, on photoreceptor degeneration in a porcine model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). METHODS P23H transgenic pigs (TG P23H) and wild-type hybrid littermates were obtained from the National Swine Resource and Research Center. Human recombinant STC-1 was injected intravitreally every 2 weeks from postnatal day 15 (P15) to P75. The contralateral eye was injected with balanced salt solution as a control. Electroretinography (ERG) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were performed to evaluate retinal function and morphology in vivo at P90. Retinal tissue was collected for histologic analysis and molecular assays to evaluate the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms by which STC-1 may rescue photoreceptor degeneration. RESULTS Intravitreal injection of STC-1 improved retinal function in TG P23H pigs with increased photopic and flicker ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes. Greater integrity of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) band on SD-OCT and morphologic rescue with preservation of cone photoreceptors were observed in STC-1-treated TG P23H pigs. STC-1 altered gene expression in TG P23H pig retina on microarray analysis and increased photoreceptor specific gene expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. STC-1 significantly decreased oxidative stress and the expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome, cleaved caspase-1, and IL-1β in TG P23H pig retina. CONCLUSIONS Intravitreal administration of STC-1 enhances cone photoreceptor function, improves EZ integrity, and reduces retinal degeneration through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in a large animal (pig) model of the most common form of autosomal dominant RP in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Rosa
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, ST, LP, TH, LK); Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, MS, LP, TH, LK).
| | - Wankun Xie
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, ST, LP, TH, LK); Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, MS, LP, TH, LK)
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, ST, LP, TH, LK); Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, MS, LP, TH, LK)
| | - Shu-Huai Tsai
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, ST, LP, TH, LK)
| | - Gavin W Roddy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (GR)
| | - Maxwell G Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, MS, LP, TH, LK)
| | - Luke B Potts
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, ST, LP, TH, LK); Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, MS, LP, TH, LK)
| | - Travis W Hein
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, ST, LP, TH, LK); Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, MS, LP, TH, LK)
| | - Lih Kuo
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, ST, LP, TH, LK); Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX, USA (RR, WX, MZ, MS, LP, TH, LK)
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6
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Yang C, Zhang X, Ge X, He C, Liu S, Yang S, Huang C. N-Acetylcysteine protects against cobalt chloride-induced endothelial dysfunction by enhancing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1475-1488. [PMID: 35666067 PMCID: PMC9340863 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia‐induced endothelial dysfunction is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of several vascular diseases. However, it remains unclear whether the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is involved in regulating the response of endothelial cells to hypoxia. Here, we established an in vitro model by treating EA.hy926 (a hybrid human umbilical vein cell line) with cobalt chloride (CoCl2; a chemical mimic that stabilizes HIF‐1α, thereby leading to the development of hypoxia), and used this to investigate the involvement of PPP by examining expression of its key enzyme, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). We report that CoCl2 induces the accumulation of HIF‐1α, leading to endothelial cell dysfunction characterized by reduced cell viability, proliferation, tube formation, and activation of cytokine production, accompanied with a significant decrease in G6PD expression and activity. The addition of 6‐aminonicotinamide (6‐AN) to inhibit PPP directly causes endothelial dysfunction. Additionally, N‐Acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione, was further evaluated for its protective effects; NAC displayed a protective effect against CoCl2‐induced cell damage by enhancing G6PD activity, and this was abrogated by 6‐AN. The effects of CoCl2 and the involvement of G6PD in endothelial dysfunction have been confirmed in primary human aortic endothelial cells. In summary, G6PD was identified as a novel target of CoCl2‐induced damage, which highlighted the involvement of PPP in regulating the response of endothelial cell CoCl2. Treatment with NAC may be a potential strategy to treat hypoxia or ischemia, which are widely observed in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Xilin Ge
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Chunmei He
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Suhuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Shuyu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.,Traditional Chinese Medicine research studio, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Caoxin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
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Finsterer J, Scorza FA, Scorza CA, Fiorini AC. Repurposing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent N-acetyl cysteine for treating COVID-19. World J Virol 2022; 11:82-84. [PMID: 35117973 PMCID: PMC8788215 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v11.i1.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several considerations have been raised suggesting a beneficial effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, there is currently no clinical evidence that NAC truly prevents coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reduces the severity of the disease, or improves the outcome. Appropriately designed clinical trials are warranted to prove or disprove a therapeutic effect of NAC for COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Neurological Department, Messerli Institute, Vienna 1180, Austria
| | - Fulvio A Scorza
- Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paolo, Sao Paolo 01000-000, Brazil
| | - Carla A Scorza
- Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paolo, Sao Paolo 01000-000, Brazil
| | - Ana C Fiorini
- Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paolo, Sao Paolo 01000-000, Brazil
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8
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Huggard D, Kelly L, Worrall A, Gallagher E, Fallah L, Yoo LL, McGrane F, Lagan N, Roche E, Balfe J, Doherty DG, Molloy EJ. Melatonin as an immunomodulator in children with Down syndrome. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1812-1820. [PMID: 34400791 PMCID: PMC9270227 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS) is a disorder characterised by marked immune dysfunction, increased mortality from sepsis, chronic inflammation, increased oxidative stress, sleep disturbance and possibly abnormal endogenous melatonin levels. Melatonin has a myriad of immune functions, and we hypothesised that this therapeutic agent could modulate the innate immune system in this cohort. METHODS We investigated neutrophil and monocyte function (CD11b, TLR4 expression by flow cytometry), genes involved in TLR signalling (MyD88, IRAK4, TRIF), the inflammasome (NLRP3, IL-1β), and circadian rhythm (BMAL, CLOCK, CRY) by qPCR, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-1ra, VEGF, Epo, GM-CSF) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) following immunomodulation with LPS endotoxin and melatonin. 47 children with DS and 23 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited. RESULTS We demonstrated that melatonin has several significant effects by reducing CD11b and TLR4 expression, attenuating TLR signalling, genes involved in the inflammasome and has the potential to reduce LPS-induced inflammatory responses. CONCLUSIONS Immunomodulatory effects of melatonin were found in both paediatric cohorts with more marked effects in the children with DS. Melatonin mediates immune response through a wide array of mechanisms and this immunomodulator may buffer the inflammatory response by regulating pro and anti-inflammatory signalling. IMPACT We highlight that melatonin mediates its immune response through a wide array of mechanisms, its effects appear to be dose dependant and children with Down syndrome may be more receptive to treatment with it. Immunomodulatory effects of melatonin were demonstrated with marked effects in the children with Down syndrome with a reduction of MyD88, IL-1ß and NLRP3 expression in whole-blood samples. Melatonin is a proposed anti-inflammatory agent with a well-established safety profile, that has the potential for mitigation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in paediatric Down syndrome cohorts, though further clinical trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Huggard
- Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin & Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland. .,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), St James Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Paediatrics, Children's health Ireland (CHI) at Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland. .,National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Crumlin, Ireland.
| | - Lynne Kelly
- grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin & Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland ,grid.416409.e0000 0004 0617 8280Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), St James Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amy Worrall
- grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin & Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleanor Gallagher
- grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin & Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lida Fallah
- grid.416409.e0000 0004 0617 8280Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), St James Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lucas Lu Yoo
- grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin & Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona McGrane
- Paediatrics, Children’s health Ireland (CHI) at Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Lagan
- grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin & Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland ,Paediatrics, Children’s health Ireland (CHI) at Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edna Roche
- grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin & Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland ,Paediatrics, Children’s health Ireland (CHI) at Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanne Balfe
- grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin & Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland ,Paediatrics, Children’s health Ireland (CHI) at Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek G. Doherty
- grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin & Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland ,grid.416409.e0000 0004 0617 8280Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), St James Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleanor J. Molloy
- grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin & Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland ,grid.416409.e0000 0004 0617 8280Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), St James Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ,Paediatrics, Children’s health Ireland (CHI) at Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.452722.4National Children’s Research Centre, Dublin, Crumlin, Ireland ,grid.411886.20000 0004 0488 4333Neonatology, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland ,Neonatology, CHI at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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9
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Xiong Y, Hu J, Xuan C, Tian J, Tan K, Chen Z, Luo Y, Du X, Cheng J, Zhang L, Cao W. Transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of Yiqi Rougan decoction in reducing CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Chin Med 2021; 16:142. [PMID: 34952623 PMCID: PMC8709947 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00552-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver fibrosis develops from various chronic liver diseases, and there is currently a lack of specific treatment strategies. Yiqi Rougan decoction (YQRG) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has shown durative effects in the treatment of liver fibrosis; however, the mechanism associated with YQRG-related improvements in liver fibrosis remains to be experimentally determined. This study evaluated the therapeutic effect of YQRG on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats and its molecular mechanism. Methods We used low-, medium-, and high-dose YQRG to treat CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats, followed by assessment of liver injury and fibrosis according to liver appearance, body weight, liver mass index, histopathologic examination, and serum testing. Additionally, we performed transcriptome analysis using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology, including cluster, Gene Ontology (GO), and pathway analyses, to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and protein and gene expression were detected by immunofluorescence (IFC), western blot and real-time quantitative PCR. Results The results showed that YQRG effectively alleviated CCl4-induced liver injury and fibrosis in rats, including observations of improved liver function, decreased activity of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and decreased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Moreover, we identified downregulated and upregulated DEGs in the model group relative to the control and YQRG-treated groups, with GO analysis revealing their enrichment in biological processes, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), apoptosis, and autophagy. Furthermore, pathway analysis showed that YQRG treatment downregulated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/AKT) signalling pathways and upregulated other signalling pathways, including those related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPAR) and AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK), with these findings subsequently verified experimentally. Conclusion These findings showed that YQRG improved CCl4-induced liver fibrosis through multiple mechanisms and pathways, offering critical insight into the YQRG-related therapeutic mechanism and promoting further research into its potential application. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-021-00552-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jinyuan Hu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chen Xuan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiayu Tian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kaiyue Tan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Department of Kidney Disease, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Xuqin Du
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Junxiong Cheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lanyue Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wenfu Cao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Department of Combination of Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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10
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Kwon S, Cheon SY. Influence of the inflammasome complex on psychiatric disorders: clinical and preclinical studies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:897-907. [PMID: 34755582 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.2005027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The innate immune complex, an inflammasome complex, has a role in the etiology of psychiatric disorders. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the inflammasome activation leads to psychiatric disorders and clinical studies have proved that specific psychiatric illnesses are associated with aberrant levels of inflammatory cytokines and inflammasome. The inflammasome complex could be a major factor in the progression and pathology of psychiatric disorders. AREA COVERED We discuss the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders with respect to the activation of the inflammasome complex. Inflammasome-associated inflammatory cytokines are observed in patients and animal models of psychiatric disorders. The article also reflects on inflammasome regulatory options for the prevention and treatment of psychiatric disorders. Relevant literature available on PubMed from 1992 to 2021 has been included in this review. EXPERT OPINION Modulating the inflammasome complex is a potential therapeutic strategy to treat symptom severity for patients with psychiatric disorders, particularly those with inflammasome-associated disorders. However, the nature of the psychiatric disorders should be considered when targeting inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghark Kwon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeong Cheon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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11
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Sasamoto N, Babic A, Vitonis AF, Titus L, Cramer DW, Trabert B, Tworoger SS, Terry KL. Common Analgesic Use for Menstrual Pain and Ovarian Cancer Risk. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 14:795-802. [PMID: 34244153 PMCID: PMC8344407 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-21-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Menstrual pain has been associated with increased ovarian cancer risk, presumably through increased inflammation, which is known to play a critical role in ovarian carcinogenesis. Analgesic medications are frequently used to treat menstrual pain, some of which lower ovarian cancer risk. In this study, we examined the association between analgesic use for menstrual pain during the premenopausal period and ovarian cancer risk among women with history of menstrual pain. We used data from the New England Case-Control Study, including 1,187 epithelial ovarian cancer cases and 1,225 population-based controls enrolled between 1998 and 2008 with detailed information on analgesic use for their menstrual pain. We used unconditional logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between analgesic use (i.e., aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen) for menstrual pain and ovarian cancer risk. We further conducted a stratified analysis by intensity of menstrual pain (mild/moderate, severe). Among women with menstrual pain during their 20s and 30s, ever use of analgesics for menstrual pain was not significantly associated with ovarian cancer risk. However, among women with severe menstrual pain, ever use of aspirin or acetaminophen for menstrual pain was inversely associated with risk (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.18-0.94 and OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.88 compared with never users, respectively). No significant association was observed between analgesic use and ovarian cancer risk among women with mild/moderate menstrual pain (P interaction ≤ 0.03). Our results suggest that use of aspirin or acetaminophen for severe menstrual pain may be associated with lower risk of ovarian cancer. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: This study investigates whether analgesic use specifically for menstrual pain during the premenopausal period influences ovarian cancer risk. Our results suggest use of aspirin or acetaminophen for severe menstrual pain may be associated with lower risk of ovarian cancer among women with severe menstrual pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Sasamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Ana Babic
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allison F Vitonis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Linda Titus
- Public Health, Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine
| | - Daniel W Cramer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Assimakopoulos SF, Aretha D, Komninos D, Dimitropoulou D, Lagadinou M, Leonidou L, Oikonomou I, Mouzaki A, Marangos M. N-acetyl-cysteine reduces the risk for mechanical ventilation and mortality in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a two-center retrospective cohort study. Infect Dis (Lond) 2021; 53:847-854. [PMID: 34182881 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2021.1945675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) has been previously shown to exert beneficial effects in diverse respiratory diseases, through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. Our aim was to evaluate NAC potential impact in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, in terms of progression to severe respiratory failure (SRF) and mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective, two-centre cohort study included consecutive patients hospitalised with moderate or severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients who received standard of care were compared with patients who additionally received NAC 600 mg bid orally for 14 days. Patients' clinical course was recorded regarding (i) the development of SRF (PO2/FiO2 <150) requiring mechanical ventilation support and (ii) mortality at 14 and 28 days. RESULTS A total of 82 patients were included, 42 in the NAC group and 40 in the control group. Treatment with oral NAC led to significantly lower rates of progression to SRF as compared to the control group (p < .01). Patients in the NAC group presented significantly lower 14- and 28-day mortality as compared to controls (p < .001 and p < .01 respectively). NAC treatment significantly reduced 14- and 28-day mortality in patients with severe disease (p < .001, respectively). NAC improved over time the PO2/FiO2 ratio and decreased the white blood cell, CRP, D-dimers and LDH levels. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, non-severe illness and NAC administration were independent predictors of 28-days survival. CONCLUSION Oral NAC administration (1200 mg/d) in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia reduces the risk for mechanical ventilation and mortality. Our findings need to be confirmed by properly designed prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diamanto Aretha
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris Komninos
- Department of Internal Medicine, "St Andrews" State General Hospital, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitra Dimitropoulou
- Department of Internal Medicine, "St Andrews" State General Hospital, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Lagadinou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Lydia Leonidou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioanna Oikonomou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Markos Marangos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
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13
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Liu X, Liu H, Lu X, Zhao S. N-acetylcysteine alleviates ocular surface damage in STZ-induced diabetic mice by inhibiting the ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway. Exp Eye Res 2021; 209:108654. [PMID: 34102208 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) induces damage to the ocular surface, which leads to vision decline. In the current study, we investigated whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) plays a protective role in diabetes-induced ocular surface damage. The diabetic mice model was treated with 0.3% NAC topically. Corneal epithelial integrity, tear volume and corneal sensitivity were examined by sodium fluorescein staining, phenol red cotton thread and esthesiometer respectively. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured with 2',7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate. The expression of NLRP3, IL-1β and caspase-1 were evaluated by RT-PCR, western blot and immunostaining. The level of SOD1 was assessed by RT-PCR. We found that the expression of NLRP3, IL-1β and caspase-1 were elevated in diabetic cornea and conjunctiva. Treatment with NAC improved corneal epithelial integrity, increased tear production and corneal sensitivity in diabetic mice. Moreover, NAC markedly attenuated ROS accumulation and decreased NLRP3, IL-1β and caspase-1 levels in diabetic cornea and conjunctiva. These results suggest that NAC improves ocular surface damage in STZ-induced diabetic mice, which may be related to the inhibition of the ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liu
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lu
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaozhen Zhao
- Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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14
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Dominari A, Hathaway III D, Kapasi A, Paul T, Makkar SS, Castaneda V, Gara S, Singh BM, Agadi K, Butt M, Retnakumar V, Chittajallu S, Taugir R, Sana MK, KC M, Razzack S, Moallem N, Alvarez A, Talalaev M. Bottom-up analysis of emergent properties of N-acetylcysteine as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19. World J Virol 2021; 10:34-52. [PMID: 33816149 PMCID: PMC7995409 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v10.i2.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an abundantly available antioxidant with a wide range of antidotal properties currently best studied for its use in treating acetaminophen overdose. It has a robustly established safety profile with easily tolerated side effects and presents the Food and Drug Administration's approval for use in treating acetaminophen overdose patients. It has been proven efficacious in off-label uses, such as in respiratory diseases, heart disease, cancer, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and seasonal influenza. Clinical trials have recently shown that NAC's capacity to replenish glutathione stores may significantly improve coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, especially in high risk individuals. Interestingly, individuals with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency have been shown to experience even greater benefit. The same study has concluded that NAC's ability to mitigate the impact of the cytokine storm and prevent elevation of liver enzymes, C-reactive protein, and ferritin is associated with higher success rates weaning from the ventilator and return to normal function in COVID-19 patients. Considering the background knowledge of biochemistry, current uses of NAC in clinical practice, and newly acquired evidence on its potential efficacy against COVID-19, it is worthwhile to investigate further whether this agent can be used as a treatment or adjuvant for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Dominari
- Division of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL 33143, United States
| | - Donald Hathaway III
- Division of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL 33143, United States
| | - Abdulhusein Kapasi
- Division of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL 33143, United States
| | - Trissa Paul
- Division of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL 33143, United States
| | - Sarabjot Singh Makkar
- Division of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL 33143, United States
| | - Valeria Castaneda
- Division of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL 33143, United States
| | - Sirisha Gara
- Division of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL 33143, United States
| | - Bishnu Mohan Singh
- Division of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL 33143, United States
| | - Kuchalambal Agadi
- Division of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL 33143, United States
| | - Maliha Butt
- Division of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL 33143, United States
| | - Varadha Retnakumar
- Division of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL 33143, United States
| | - Spandana Chittajallu
- Division of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL 33143, United States
| | - Rahima Taugir
- Division of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL 33143, United States
| | - Muhammad Khawar Sana
- Division of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL 33143, United States
| | - Manish KC
- Division of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL 33143, United States
| | - Sarah Razzack
- Division of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL 33143, United States
| | - Niala Moallem
- Division of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL 33143, United States
| | - Alina Alvarez
- Division of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL 33143, United States
| | - Michael Talalaev
- Division of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, FL 33143, United States
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15
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Poe FL, Corn J. N-Acetylcysteine: A potential therapeutic agent for SARS-CoV-2. Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:109862. [PMID: 32504923 PMCID: PMC7261085 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), continues to spread across the globe. Predisposing factors such as age, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and lowered immune function increase the risk of disease severity. T cell exhaustion, high viral load, and high levels of TNF-ɑ, IL1β, IL6, IL10 have been associated with severe SARS-CoV-2. Cytokine and antigen overstimulation are potentially responsible for poor humoral response to the virus. Lower cellular redox status, which leads to pro-inflammatory states mediated by TNF-ɑ is also potentially implicated. In vivo, in vitro, and human clinical trials have demonstrated N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an effective method of improving redox status, especially when under oxidative stress. In human clinical trials, NAC has been used to replenish glutathione stores and increase the proliferative response of T cells. NAC has also been shown to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway (IL1β and IL18) in vitro, and decrease plasma TNF-ɑ in human clinical trials. Mediation of the viral load could occur through NAC's ability to increase cellular redox status via maximizing the rate limiting step of glutathione synthesis, and thereby potentially decreasing the effects of virally induced oxidative stress and cell death. We hypothesize that NAC could act as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of COVID-19 through a variety of potential mechanisms, including increasing glutathione, improving T cell response, and modulating inflammation. In this article, we present evidence to support the use of NAC as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis L Poe
- Whole Systems Research Institute, 1020 SW Taylor St Ste. 340, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
| | - Joshua Corn
- Whole Systems Research Institute, 1020 SW Taylor St Ste. 340, Portland, OR 97239, United States
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16
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Rasoulinejad SA, Karkhah A, Paniri A, Saleki K, Pirzadeh M, Nouri HR. Contribution of inflammasome complex in inflammatory-related eye disorders and its implications for anti-inflammasome therapy. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:400-407. [PMID: 32791926 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1808986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasome complex is regarded as a major molecular regulator that exerts a significant function in caspase-1 activation and consequently, the development of cytokines like interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). The secretion of these cytokines may induce inflammation. The role of inflammasomes in the pathologic process of eye-related illnesses like glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy has been well studied over the past decade. However, the detailed pathogenic mechanism of inflammasomes in these retinal diseases is still unknown. Therefore, further investigation and understanding various aspects of inflammasome complexes as well as their pivotal roles in the immunopathology of human ocular illnesses are essential. The present review aims to describe the significant involvement of inflammasomes in the immunopathology of important inflammatory retinal illnesses, including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy focusing on anti-inflammasome therapy as a promising approach in the treatment of inflammation-related eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ahmad Rasoulinejad
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Unit of Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ahmad Karkhah
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Alireza Paniri
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Kiarash Saleki
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Marzieh Pirzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nouri
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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17
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Keshk WA, Ibrahim MA, Shalaby SM, Zalat ZA, Elseady WS. Redox status, inflammation, necroptosis and inflammasome as indispensable contributors to high fat diet (HFD)-induced neurodegeneration; Effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 680:108227. [PMID: 31838118 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adequate dietary intake has a crucial effect on brain health. High fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated fatty acids is linked to obesity and its complications as neurodegeneration via inducing oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of HFD on cerebral cortex in addition to shedding the light on the modulatory role of N-acetylcytsteine (NAC) and its possible underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms. Twenty eight male Wistar rats were equally and randomly divided into four groups. Group III, and group IV were fed on HFD (45% kcal from fat) for 10 weeks. Group II and group IV were treated with NAC in a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight via intraperitoneal route. Body weight, blood glucose, serum insulin, insulin resistance index, cerebral cortex redox and inflammatory status were evaluated. Cerebral cortex receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase3 (RIPK3), mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), nod like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), interleukin (IL)-18 levels were determined by immunoassay. In addition, apoptosis-associated speck-like proteins (ASC) expression by real-time PCR; inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), glial fibrillary activating protein (GFAP) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression by immunohistochemistry were evaluated. NAC supplementation protected against HFD-induced gain of weights, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. Furthermore, NAC improved redox and inflammatory status; decreased levels of RIPK3, MLKL, NLRP3, IL-18; down-regulated ASC, iNOS, GFAP and MMP-9 expression; and decreased myeloperoxidase activity in cerebral cortex. NAC could protect against HFD-induced neurodegeneration via improving glycemic status and peripheral insulin resistance, disrupting oxidative stress/neuroinflammation/necroptosis/inflammasome activation axis in cerebral cortex. NAC may represent a promising strategy for conserving brain health against metabolic diseases-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa A Keshk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Shahinaz M Shalaby
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Zeinab A Zalat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa S Elseady
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
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18
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Ren S, Leng J, Xu XY, Jiang S, Wang YP, Yan XT, Liu Z, Chen C, Wang Z, Li W. Ginsenoside Rb1, A Major Saponin from Panax ginseng, Exerts Protective Effects Against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:1815-1831. [PMID: 31786947 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) induced by acetaminophen (APAP) is the main cause of drug-induced liver injury. Previous reports indicated liver failure could be alleviated by saponins (ginsenosides) from Panax ginseng against APAP-induced inflammatory responses in vivo. However, validation towards ginsenoside Rb1 as a major and marker saponin may protect liver from APAP-induced ALI and its mechanisms are poorly elucidated. In this study, the protective effects and the latent mechanisms of Rb1 action against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity were investigated. Rb1 was administered orally with 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg daily for 1 week before a single injection of APAP (250mg/kg, i.p.) 1h after the last treatment of Rb1. Serum alanine/aspartate aminotransferases (ALT/AST), liver glutathione (GSH) depletion, as well as the inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), were analyzed to indicate the underlying protective effects of Rb1 against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity with significant inflammatory responses. Histological examination further proved Rb1's protective effects. Importantly, Rb1 mitigated the changes in the phosphorylation of MAPK and PI3K/Akt, as well as its downstream factor NF-κB. In conclusion, experimental data clearly demonstrated that Rb1 exhibited a remarkable liver protective effect against APAP-induced ALI, partly through regulating MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways-mediated inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Ren
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research, Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Jing Leng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Yue Xu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research, Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Tong Yan
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research, Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research, Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
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19
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Ye C, Li R, Xu L, Qiu Y, Fu S, Liu Y, Wu Z, Hou Y, Hu CAA. Effects of Baicalin on piglet monocytes involving PKC-MAPK signaling pathways induced by Haemophilus parasuis. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:98. [PMID: 30909903 PMCID: PMC6434632 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haemophilus parasuis (HPS) is the causative agent of Glässer’s disease, characterized by arthritis, fibrinous polyserositis and meningitis, and resulting in worldwide economic losses in the swine industry. Baicalin (BA), a commonly used traditional Chinese medication, has been shown to possess a series of activities, such as anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, whether BA has anti-apoptotic effects following HPS infection is unclear. Here, we investigated the anti-apoptotic effects and mechanisms of BA in HPS-induced apoptosis via the protein kinase C (PKC)–mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in piglet’s mononuclear phagocytes (PMNP). Results Our data demonstrated that HPS could induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, arrest the cell cycle and promote apoptosis via the PKC–MAPK signaling pathway in PMNP. Moreover, when BA was administered, we observed a reduction in ROS production, suppression of cleavage of caspase-3 in inducing apoptosis, and inhibition of activation of the PKC–MAPK signaling pathway for down-regulating p-JNK, p-p38, p-ERK, p-PKC-α and PKC-δ in PMNP triggered by HPS. Conclusions Our data strongly suggest that BA can reverse the apoptosis initiated by HPS through regulating the PKC–MAPK signaling pathway, which represents a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of HPS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruizhi Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shulin Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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20
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Bonkovsky HL, Barnhart HX, Foureau DM, Steuerwald N, Lee WM, Gu J, Fontana RJ, Hayashi PJ, Chalasani N, Navarro VM, Odin J, Stolz A, Watkins PB, Serrano J. Cytokine profiles in acute liver injury-Results from the US Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) and the Acute Liver Failure Study Group. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206389. [PMID: 30359443 PMCID: PMC6201986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in levels of cytokines and chemokines have been proposed as possible biomarkers of tissue injury, including liver injury due to drugs. Recently, in acute drug-induced liver injury (DILI), we showed that 19 of 27 immune analytes were differentially expressed and that disparate patterns of immune responses were evident. Lower values of serum albumin (< 2.8 g/dL) and lower levels of only four analytes, namely, IL-9, IL-17, PDGF-bb, and RANTES, were highly predictive of early death [accuracy = 96%]. The goals of this study were to assess levels of the same 27 immune analytes in larger numbers of subjects to learn whether the earlier findings would be confirmed in new and larger cohorts of subjects, compared with a new cohort of healthy controls. We studied 127 subjects with acute DILI enrolled into the US DILIN. We also studied 118 subjects with severe acute liver injury of diverse etiologies, enrolled into the ALF SG registry of subjects. Controls comprised 63 de-identified subjects with no history of liver disease and normal liver tests. Analytes associated with poor outcomes [death before 6 months, n = 32 of the total of 232 non-acetaminophen (Apap) subjects], were lower serum albumin [2.6 vs 3.0 g/dL] and RANTES [6,458 vs 8,999 pg/mL] but higher levels of IL-6 [41 vs 18], IL-8 [78 vs 48], and MELD scores [30 vs 24]. Similar patterns were observed for outcome of death/liver transplant within 6 months. A model that included only serum albumin < 2.8 g/dL and RANTES below its median value of 11,349 had 83% (or 81%) accuracy for predicting early death (or early death/liver transplant) in 127 subjects from DILIN. No patterns of serum immune analytes were reflective of the etiologies of acute liver failure, but there were cytokine patterns that predicted prognosis in both acute DILI and ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert L. Bonkovsky
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Huiman X. Barnhart
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - David M. Foureau
- Levine Cancer Center and Department of Research, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, United States of America
| | - Nury Steuerwald
- Levine Cancer Center and Department of Research, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, United States of America
| | - William M. Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Jiezhun Gu
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Fontana
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Hayashi
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Department of Medicine, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Victor M. Navarro
- Department of Medicine, A Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Joseph Odin
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Andrew Stolz
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Paul B. Watkins
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Jose Serrano
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
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21
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Leng J, Wang Z, Fu CL, Zhang J, Ren S, Hu JN, Jiang S, Wang YP, Chen C, Li W. NF-κB and AMPK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways are involved in the protective effects of Platycodon grandiflorum
saponins against acetaminophen-induced acute hepatotoxicity in mice. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2235-2246. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Leng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials; Jilin Agricultural University; Changchun China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials; Jilin Agricultural University; Changchun China
| | - Cheng-lin Fu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials; Jilin Agricultural University; Changchun China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials; Jilin Agricultural University; Changchun China
| | - Shen Ren
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials; Jilin Agricultural University; Changchun China
| | - Jun-nan Hu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials; Jilin Agricultural University; Changchun China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials; Jilin Agricultural University; Changchun China
| | - Ying-ping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials; Jilin Agricultural University; Changchun China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development; Changchun China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences; University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials; Jilin Agricultural University; Changchun China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development; Changchun China
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22
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DiNicolantonio JJ, O'Keefe JH, McCarty MF. Supplemental N-acetylcysteine and other measures that boost intracellular glutathione can downregulate interleukin-1β signalling: a potential strategy for preventing cardiovascular events? Open Heart 2017; 4:e000599. [PMID: 28878946 PMCID: PMC5574421 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2017-000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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23
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Modulation of the Unfolded Protein Response by Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Counteracts Apoptotic Cell Death and Fibrosis in a Mouse Model for Secondary Biliary Liver Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010214. [PMID: 28117681 PMCID: PMC5297843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in cholestatic liver disease and fibrosis is not fully unraveled. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a hydrophilic bile acid, has been shown to reduce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and counteract apoptosis in different pathologies. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of TUDCA in experimental secondary biliary liver fibrosis in mice, induced by common bile duct ligation. The kinetics of the hepatic UPR and apoptosis during the development of biliary fibrosis was studied by measuring markers at six different timepoints post-surgery by qPCR and Western blot. Next, we investigated the therapeutic potential of TUDCA, 10 mg/kg/day in drinking water, on liver damage (AST/ALT levels) and fibrosis (Sirius red-staining), in both a preventive and therapeutic setting. Common bile duct ligation resulted in the increased protein expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) at all timepoints, along with upregulation of pro-apoptotic caspase 3 and 12, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1A (TNFRsf1a) and Fas-Associated protein with Death Domain (FADD) expression. Treatment with TUDCA led to a significant reduction of liver fibrosis, accompanied by a slight reduction of liver damage, decreased hepatic protein expression of CHOP and reduced gene and protein expression of pro-apoptotic markers. These data indicate that TUDCA exerts a beneficial effect on liver fibrosis in a model of cholestatic liver disease, and suggest that this effect might, at least in part, be attributed to decreased hepatic UPR signaling and apoptotic cell death.
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24
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Ke P, Shao BZ, Xu ZQ, Wei W, Han BZ, Chen XW, Su DF, Liu C. Activation of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis through Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome in Macrophages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155076. [PMID: 27611972 PMCID: PMC5017608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) ameliorates inflammation, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we examined whether activation of CB2R could suppress the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. In peritoneal macrophages isolated from C57BL/6 mice, LPS/DSS challenge for 24 h increased the expression of the components of NLRP3 inflammasome NLRP3, Casp-1 p20/Casp-1 p45 ratio, proIL-1β and IL-1β and also enhanced autophagy (LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, Beclin-1 and SQSTM1). Pretreatment of peritoneal macrophages with HU 308, a selective CB2R agonist, attenuated LPS/DSS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, but further enhanced autophagy. In comparison with wild-type (WT) control, peritoneal macrophages from CB2R knockout (KO) mice had more robust NLRP3 inflammasome activation and attenuated autophagy upon LPS/DSS challenge. Knockdown autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5) with a siRNA in peritoneal macrophages attenuated the inhibitory effects of HU 308 on LPS/DSS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro. In vivo, HU308 treatment attenuated DSS-induced colitis mice associated with reduced colon inflammation and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in wild-type mice. In CB2R KO mice, DSS-induced inflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation were more pronounced than those in WT control. Finally, we demonstrated that AMPK-mTOR-P70S6K signaling pathway was involved in this CB2R-mediated process. We conclude that activation of CB2R ameliorates DSS-induced colitis through enhancing autophagy that may inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ke
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Zong Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe-Qi Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin-Ze Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong-Wen Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140, United States of America
| | - Ding-Feng Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Fu S, Xu L, Li S, Qiu Y, Liu Y, Wu Z, Ye C, Hou Y, Hu CAA. Baicalin suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling during Haemophilus parasuis infection. Vet Res 2016; 47:80. [PMID: 27502767 PMCID: PMC4977663 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) is the causative agent of Glässer’s disease, a severe membrane inflammation disorder. Previously we showed that Baicalin (BA) possesses anti-inflammatory effects via the NLRP3 inflammatory pathway in an LPS-challenged piglet model. However, whether BA has anti-inflammatory effects upon H. parasuis infection is still unclear. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of BA on H. parasuis-induced inflammatory responses via the NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in piglet mononuclear phagocytes (PMNP). Our data demonstrate that PMNP, when infected with H. parasuis, induced ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, promoted apoptosis, and initiated transcription expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, PGE2, COX-2 and TNF-α via the NF-κB signaling pathway, and IL-1β and IL-18 via the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. Moreover, when BA was administrated, we observed a reduction in ROS production, suppression of apoptosis, and inhibition of the activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in PMNP treated with H. parasuis. To our best knowledge, this is the first example that uses piglet primary immune cells for an H. parasuis infection study. Our data strongly suggest that BA can reverse the inflammatory effect initiated by H. parasuis and possesses significant immunosuppression activity, which represents a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of H. parasuis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Sali Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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26
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Ye C, Li S, Yao W, Xu L, Qiu Y, Liu Y, Wu Z, Hou Y. The anti-inflammatory effects of baicalin through suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in LPS-challenged piglet mononuclear phagocytes. Innate Immun 2016; 22:196-204. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425916631032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of baicalin on LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammatory pathway were investigated in piglet mononuclear phagocytes (control, LPS stimulation, LPS stimulation + 12.5 µg/ml baicalin, LPS stimulation + 25 µg/ml baicalin, LPS stimulation + 50 µg/ml baicalin and LPS stimulation + 100 µg/ml baicalin). The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α, mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α and NLRP3, as well as the protein levels of cleaved caspase-1 p20 were significantly increased after LPS-challenge in vitro. However, LPS stimulation did not influence apoptosis-associated speck-like protein and caspase-1 mRNA levels, which are also components of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Baicalin at 50 µg/ml and 100 µg/ml could inhibit the production of ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-18, and down-regulate mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α and NLRP3, as well as expression of cleaved caspase-1 p20. These results showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of baicalin occurred via the regulation of the release of ROS and mRNA expression of NLRP3. The anti-inflammatory activity of baicalin could be related to the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway under LPS stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Sali Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Wenxu Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Lei Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Zhongyuan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, PR China
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27
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Viringipurampeer IA, Metcalfe AL, Bashar AE, Sivak O, Yanai A, Mohammadi Z, Moritz OL, Gregory-Evans CY, Gregory-Evans K. NLRP3 inflammasome activation drives bystander cone photoreceptor cell death in a P23H rhodopsin model of retinal degeneration. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1501-16. [PMID: 27008885 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular signaling leading to cell death in hereditary neurological diseases such as retinal degeneration is incompletely understood. Previous neuroprotective studies have focused on apoptotic pathways; however, incomplete suppression of cell death with apoptosis inhibitors suggests that other mechanisms are at play. Here, we report that different signaling pathways are activated in rod and cone photoreceptors in the P23H rhodopsin mutant rat, a model representing one of the commonest forms of retinal degeneration. Up-regulation of the RIP1/RIP3/DRP1 axis and markedly improved survival with necrostatin-1 treatment highlighted necroptosis as a major cell-death pathway in degenerating rod photoreceptors. Conversely, up-regulation of NLRP3 and caspase-1, expression of mature IL-1β and IL-18 and improved cell survival with N-acetylcysteine treatment suggested that inflammasome activation and pyroptosis was the major cause of cone cell death. This was confirmed by generation of the P23H mutation on an Nlrp3-deficient background, which preserved cone viability. Furthermore, Brilliant Blue G treatment inhibited inflammasome activation, indicating that the 'bystander cell death' phenomenon was mediated through the P2RX7 cell-surface receptor. Here, we identify a new pathway in cones for bystander cell death, a phenomenon important in development and disease in many biological systems. In other retinal degeneration models different cell-death pathways are activated, which suggests that the particular pathways that are triggered are to some extent genotype-specific. This also implies that neuroprotective strategies to limit retinal degeneration need to be customized; thus, different combinations of inhibitors will be needed to target the specific pathways in any given disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishaq A Viringipurampeer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 3N9
| | - Andrew L Metcalfe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 3N9
| | - Abu E Bashar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 3N9
| | - Olena Sivak
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 3N9
| | - Anat Yanai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 3N9
| | - Zeinabsadat Mohammadi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 3N9
| | - Orson L Moritz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 3N9
| | - Cheryl Y Gregory-Evans
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 3N9
| | - Kevin Gregory-Evans
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 3N9
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Guo W, Wang P, Liu Z, Yang P, Ye P. The activation of pyrin domain-containing-3 inflammasome depends on lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis and extracellular adenosine triphosphate in cultured oral epithelial cells. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:133. [PMID: 26511096 PMCID: PMC4625523 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gingival epithelial cells are the major population of the gingival tissue, acting as the front-line defense against microbial intrusion and regulating the homeostasis of the periodontal tissue in health and disease via NLR family pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which recognizes pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs). The aim of this study was to determine whether the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome depends on infection with the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), or stimulation with P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and/or extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Methods An oral epithelial cell line was treated with P. gingivalis, P. gingivalis LPS and ATP. The gene and protein expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components were quantified by real time RT-PCR and immunoblots. Production of IL-1β and IL-18 was measured by ELISA. Results There was no increase in NLRP3 inflammasome gene expression after P. gingivalis infection unless pre-stimulated by ATP. Obvious increases of NLRP3 inflammasome gene expression was observed after P. gingivalis LPS stimulation, even pre-stimulated by ATP at 2 h. Conclusions The findings indicate that the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome does not rely on P. gingivalis infection, unless stimulated by P. gingivalis LPS and/or extracellular ATP, suggesting diverse signaling pathways are involved in the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Periodontology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Endodontics, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Zhonghao Liu
- Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Pishan Yang
- Department of Periodontology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Ye
- Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Millennium Institute and Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia.
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