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Lin H, Chen X, Wang L, Zhu T, Feng X, Liu X, Chen H, Pan S. Unraveling the role of microRNAs: potential biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus revealed through RNA sequencing analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 310:1255-1264. [PMID: 38814453 PMCID: PMC11258170 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses significant health risks for both mothers and children, contributing to long-term complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This study explores the potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers for GDM by analyzing peripheral blood samples from GDM patients. METHOD Ten samples, including peripheral blood from 5 GDM patients and 5 controls, were collected to perform the RNA sequencing analysis. Differentially expressed miRNAs were further validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS A total of 2287 miRNAs were identified, 229 of which showed differential expression. Validation by qRT-PCR confirmed significant up-regulation of miR-5193, miR-5003-3p, miR-3127-5p, novel-miR-96, miR-6734-5p, and miR-122-5p, while miR-10395-3p was down-regulated. Bioinformatics analyses revealed the involvement of these miRNAs in pathways associated with herpes simplex virus 1 infection. CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the differential expression of miRNAs in GDM patients and their potential roles in disease pathogenesis. It suggests that the differentially expressed miRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers for GDM, shedding light on the complex molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Putian, Teaching Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Putian, Teaching Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Lisui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Putian, Teaching Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Tang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Tumor Medicine in Fujian Province, Putian University, School of Basic Medicine Science, Putian, 351100, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohui Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Putian, Teaching Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Putian, Teaching Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Translational Tumor Medicine in Fujian Province, Putian University, School of Basic Medicine Science, Putian, 351100, Fujian, China
| | - Si Pan
- Key Laboratory of Translational Tumor Medicine in Fujian Province, Putian University, School of Basic Medicine Science, Putian, 351100, Fujian, China.
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Thornton JM, Shah NM, Lillycrop KA, Cui W, Johnson MR, Singh N. Multigenerational diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1245899. [PMID: 38288471 PMCID: PMC10822950 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1245899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes (GDM) changes the maternal metabolic and uterine environment, thus increasing the risk of short- and long-term adverse outcomes for both mother and child. Children of mothers who have GDM during their pregnancy are more likely to develop Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), early-onset cardiovascular disease and GDM when they themselves become pregnant, perpetuating a multigenerational increased risk of metabolic disease. The negative effect of GDM is exacerbated by maternal obesity, which induces a greater derangement of fetal adipogenesis and growth. Multiple factors, including genetic, epigenetic and metabolic, which interact with lifestyle factors and the environment, are likely to contribute to the development of GDM. Genetic factors are particularly important, with 30% of women with GDM having at least one parent with T2D. Fetal epigenetic modifications occur in response to maternal GDM, and may mediate both multi- and transgenerational risk. Changes to the maternal metabolome in GDM are primarily related to fatty acid oxidation, inflammation and insulin resistance. These might be effective early biomarkers allowing the identification of women at risk of GDM prior to the development of hyperglycaemia. The impact of the intra-uterine environment on the developing fetus, "developmental programming", has a multisystem effect, but its influence on adipogenesis is particularly important as it will determine baseline insulin sensitivity, and the response to future metabolic challenges. Identifying the critical window of metabolic development and developing effective interventions are key to our ability to improve population metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Thornton
- Department of Academic Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Chelsea & Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nishel M. Shah
- Department of Academic Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Chelsea & Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Johnson
- Department of Academic Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Chelsea & Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Singh
- Department of Academic Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Chelsea & Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Gong L, Jiang S, Tian J, Li Y, Yu W, Zhang L, Xiao D. STZ-induced gestational diabetes exposure alters PTEN/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy signaling pathway leading to increase the risk of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 123:108494. [PMID: 38706688 PMCID: PMC11068333 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy has significant consequences for the unborn baby and newborn infant. However, whether and how GDM exposure induces the development of neonatal brain hypoxia/ischemia-sensitive phenotype and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we used a late GDM rat model induced by administration of streptozotocin (STZ) on gestational day 12 and investigated its effects of GDM on neonatal brain development. The pregnant rats exhibited increased blood glucose levels in a dose-dependent manner after STZ administration. STZ-induced maternal hyperglycemia led to reduced blood glucose levels in neonatal offspring, resulting in growth restriction and an increased brain to body weight ratio. Importantly, GDM exposure increased susceptibility to hypoxia/ischemia (HI)-induced brain infarct sizes compared to the controls in both male and female neonatal offspring. Further molecular analysis revealed alterations in the PTEN/AKT/mTOR/autophagy signaling pathway in neonatal male offspring brains, along with increased ROS production and autophagy-related proteins (Atg5 and LC3-II). Treatment with the PTEN inhibitor bisperoxovanadate (BPV) eliminated the differences in HI-induced brain infarct sizes between the GDM-exposed and the control groups. These findings provide novel evidence of the development of a brain hypoxia/ischemia-sensitive phenotype in response to GDM exposure and highlight the role of the PTEN/AKT/mTOR/autophagy signaling pathway in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gong
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Siyi Jiang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Tian
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Wansu Yu
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Daliao Xiao
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
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Papadopoulou A, Thymara E, Maratou E, Kanellopoulos G, Papaevangelou V, Kalantaridou S, Kanellakis S, Triantafyllidou P, Valsamakis G, Mastorakos G. Human Placental LRP5 and Sclerostin are Increased in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Pregnancies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:2666-2675. [PMID: 36947076 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) and its inhibitor sclerostin, are key components of bone metabolism and potential contributors to type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility. This study aims at evaluating the expression of placental LRP5 and sclerostin in pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and investigate possible associations with umbilical sclerostin concentrations and clinical outcomes in mothers and their neonates. METHODS Twenty-six GDM-mothers and 34 non-GDM mothers of Caucasian origin and their neonates admitted in a gynecology and obstetrics department of a university hospital were included in this study. Demographic data and maternal fasting glucose concentrations (24-28 weeks of gestation) were retrieved from the patients' medical records. Placental LRP5 was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting analysis; placental sclerostin was determined by IHC. Umbilical serum sclerostin concentrations were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Placental sclerostin IHC intensity values were positively correlated with LRP5 values as detected either by IHC (r = 0.529; P < .001) or Western blotting (r = 0.398; P = .008), with pregestational maternal body mass index values (r = 0.299; P = .043) and with maternal fasting glucose concentrations (r = 0.475; P = .009). Placental sclerostin and LRP5 were significantly greater in GDM compared with non-GDM placentas (histo-score: 65.08 ± 17.09 vs 11.45 ± 2.33, P < .001; 145.53 ± 43.74 vs 202.88 ± 58.65, P < .001; respectively). DISCUSSION Sclerostin and LRP5 were detected in human placentas. The overexpression of placental sclerostin and LRP5 values in GDM compared with non-GDM pregnancies, as well as the positive association of placental sclerostin values with pregestational maternal body mass index and maternal fasting glucose concentrations may indicate the development of an adaptive mechanism in face of maternal hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Papadopoulou
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, University General Hospital "Attikon," GR-12464, Athens, Greece
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, University General Hospital "Attikon," GR-12464, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Thymara
- Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Maratou
- Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George Kanellopoulos
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, University General Hospital "Attikon," GR-12464, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Papaevangelou
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, University General Hospital "Attikon," GR-12464, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Kalantaridou
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, University General Hospital "Attikon," Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Kanellakis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Pinelopi Triantafyllidou
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, University General Hospital "Attikon," GR-12464, Athens, Greece
| | - George Valsamakis
- Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism Unit, ARETAION Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-11528, Athens, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism Unit, ARETAION Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-11528, Athens, Greece
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Amruta N, Kandikattu HK, Intapad S. Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:693-708. [PMID: 36322299 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We highlight important new findings on cardiovascular dysfunction in intrauterine growth restriction. RECENT FINDINGS Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a multifactorial condition which negatively impacts neonatal growth during pregnancy and is associated with health problems during the lifespan. It affects 5-15% of all pregnancies in the USA and Europe with varying percentages in developing countries. Epidemiological studies have reported that IUGR is associated with the pathogenesis of hypertension, activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), disruption in placental-mTORC and TGFβ signaling cascades, and endothelial dysfunction in IUGR fetuses, children, adolescents, and adults resulting in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Experimental studies are needed to investigate therapeutic measures to treat increased blood pressure (BP) and long-term CVD problems in people affected by IUGR. We outline the mechanisms mediating fetal programming of hypertension in developing CVD. We have reviewed findings from different experimental models focusing on recent studies that demonstrate CVD in IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanappa Amruta
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, #8683, New Orleans, LA, 70112-2699, USA
| | - Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Suttira Intapad
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, #8683, New Orleans, LA, 70112-2699, USA.
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Roles of mTOR in the Regulation of Pancreatic β-Cell Mass and Insulin Secretion. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050614. [PMID: 35625542 PMCID: PMC9138643 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are the only type of cells that can control glycemic levels via insulin secretion. Thus, to explore the mechanisms underlying pancreatic β-cell failure, many reports have clarified the roles of important molecules, such as the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is a central regulator of metabolic and nutrient cues. Studies have uncovered the roles of mTOR in the function of β-cells and the progression of diabetes, and they suggest that mTOR has both positive and negative effects on pancreatic β-cells in the development of diabetes.
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Chatterjee B, Neelaveni K, Kenchey H, Thakur SS. An insight into major signaling pathways and protein-protein interaction networks involved in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100200. [PMID: 35279034 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with the increase of glucose in the blood rather than being absorbed by the cells. A better understanding of the signaling pathways is necessary to understand the pathophysiology of GDM. This study provides details about a series of signaling pathways and protein-protein interactions involved in the pathogenesis of GDM and their evaluations in GDM development. Protein-protein interactions were found between proteins of several signaling pathways that suggest interlink between these signaling pathways. Protein-protein interactions were generated with high confidence interaction scores based on textmining, co-occurrence, coexpression, neighborhood, gene fusion, experiments and databases. The dysregulation of signaling pathways may also contribute to the increased risk of complications associated with GDM in the mother and child. Further, studies on signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of GDM would help in the development of an effective intervention to prevent GDM along with the identification of key targets for effective therapies in the future. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Chatterjee
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Himaja Kenchey
- Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Adiposity Clinics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suman S Thakur
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, India
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8
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Martín-Estal I, Castorena-Torres F. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Energy-Dense Diet: What Is the Role of the Insulin/IGF Axis? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:916042. [PMID: 35813659 PMCID: PMC9259869 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.916042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), is one of the most important pregnancy complications affecting approximately 15% of pregnant women. It is related to several gestational adverse outcomes in the fetus, e.g., macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, stillbirth, neonatal hypoglycemia, and respiratory distress. Women with GDM have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. The pathogenesis of GDM is not completely understood; nevertheless, two factors could contribute to its development: β-cell dysfunction and failure in insulin secretion in response to insulin resistance induced by gestation. Both processes, together with the physiological activities of the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), play a crucial role in glucose transport to the fetus and hence, fetal growth and development. IGFs (both IGF-1 and IGF-2) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) regulate glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Maternal nutritional status determines the health of the newborn, as it has substantial effects on fetal growth and development. Maternal obesity and an energy-dense diet can cause an increase in insulin and IGF-1 serum levels, producing metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, GDM, and high birth weight (> 4,000 g) due to a higher level of body fat. In this way, in GDM pregnancies there is an increase in IGF-1 and IGF-2 serum levels, and a decrease in IGFBP-1 and 4 serum levels, suggesting the crucial role of the insulin/IGF system in this gestational outcome. Here, the present review tries to elucidate the role that energy-dense diets and the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway perform in GDM pregnancies.
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9
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Hung TH, Wu CP, Chen SF. Differential Changes in Akt and AMPK Phosphorylation Regulating mTOR Activity in the Placentas of Pregnancies Complicated by Fetal Growth Restriction and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus With Large-For-Gestational Age Infants. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:788969. [PMID: 34938752 PMCID: PMC8685227 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.788969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dysregulation of placental mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity has been implicated in the pathophysiology of pregnancies complicated by idiopathic fetal growth restriction (FGR) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods: We obtained placentas from women with normal pregnancies (n = 11) and pregnancies complicated by FGR (n = 12) or GDM with LGA infants (n = 12) to compare the levels of total and phosphorylated forms of Akt, AMPK, TSC2, and mTOR among the three groups and used primary cytotrophoblast cells isolated from 30 normal term placentas to study the effects of oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) and increasing glucose concentrations on the changes of these factors in vitro. Results: Placentas from FGR pregnancies had lower phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) levels (P < 0.05), higher p-AMPKα levels (P < 0.01), and lower mTOR phosphorylation (P < 0.05) compared to that of normal pregnant women. Conversely, women with GDM and LGA infants had higher p-Akt (P < 0.001), lower p-AMPKα (P < 0.05), and higher p-mTOR levels (P < 0.05) in the placentas than normal pregnant women. Furthermore, primary cytotrophoblast cells subjected to OGD had lower p-Akt and p-mTOR (both P < 0.05) and higher p-AMPKα levels (P < 0.05) than those cultured under standard conditions, but increasing glucose concentrations had opposite effects on the respective levels. Administering compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, did not significantly affect Akt phosphorylation but partially reversed mTOR phosphorylation. Administering LY294002, an Akt inhibitor, decreased p-mTOR levels, but did not change the levels of total and phosphorylated AMPKα. Conclusion: These results suggest that Akt and AMPK are involved in the regulation of trophoblast mTOR activity in the placentas of pregnancies complicated by FGR and GDM with LGA infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ho Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Pu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Fu Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Beetch M, Alejandro EU. Placental mTOR Signaling and Sexual Dimorphism in Metabolic Health across the Lifespan of Offspring. CHILDREN 2021; 8:children8110970. [PMID: 34828683 PMCID: PMC8619510 DOI: 10.3390/children8110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Robust evidence of fetal programming of adult disease has surfaced in the last several decades. Human and preclinical investigations of intrauterine insults report perturbations in placental nutrient sensing by the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). This review focuses on pregnancy complications associated with placental mTOR regulation, such as fetal growth restriction (FGR), fetal overgrowth, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), maternal nutrient restriction (MNR), preeclampsia (PE), maternal smoking, and related effects on offspring birthweight. The link between mTOR-associated birthweight outcomes and offspring metabolic health trajectory with a focus on sexual dimorphism are discussed. Both human physiology and animal models are summarized to facilitate in depth understanding. GDM, PCOS and fetal overgrowth are associated with increased placental mTOR, whereas FGR, MNR and maternal smoking are linked to decreased placental mTOR activity. Generally, birth weight is reduced in complications with decreased mTOR (i.e., FGR, MNR, maternal smoking) and higher with increased mTOR (GDM, PCOS). Offspring display obesity or a higher body mass index in childhood and adulthood, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance in adulthood, and deficiencies in pancreatic beta-cell mass and function compared to offspring from uncomplicated pregnancies. Defining causal players in the fetal programming of offspring metabolic health across the lifespan will aid in stopping the vicious cycle of obesity and type II diabetes.
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11
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Akhaphong B, Baumann DC, Beetch M, Lockridge AD, Jo S, Wong A, Zemanovic T, Mohan R, Fondevilla DL, Sia M, Pineda-Cortel MRB, Alejandro EU. Placental mTOR complex 1 regulates fetal programming of obesity and insulin resistance in mice. JCI Insight 2021; 6:149271. [PMID: 34032632 PMCID: PMC8410096 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction, or low birth weight, is a strong determinant for eventual obesity and type 2 diabetes. Clinical studies suggest placental mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling regulates fetal birth weight and the metabolic health trajectory of the offspring. In the current study, we used a genetic model with loss of placental mTOR function (mTOR-KOPlacenta) to test the direct role of mTOR signaling on birth weight and metabolic health in the adult offspring. mTOR-KOPlacenta animals displayed reduced placental area and total weight, as well as fetal body weight at embryonic day (E) 17.5. Birth weight and serum insulin levels were reduced; however, β cell mass was normal in mTOR-KOPlacenta newborns. Adult mTOR-KOPlacenta offspring, under a metabolic high-fat challenge, displayed exacerbated obesity and metabolic dysfunction compared with littermate controls. Subsequently, we tested whether enhancing placental mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, via genetic ablation of TSC2, in utero would improve glucose homeostasis in the offspring. Indeed, increased placental mTORC1 conferred protection from diet-induced obesity in the offspring. In conclusion, placental mTORC1 serves as a mechanistic link between placental function and programming of obesity and insulin resistance in the adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Akhaphong
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel C Baumann
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Megan Beetch
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amber D Lockridge
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Seokwon Jo
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alicia Wong
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tate Zemanovic
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ramkumar Mohan
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Danica L Fondevilla
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michelle Sia
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maria Ruth B Pineda-Cortel
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences and.,Department of Medical Technology, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Emilyn U Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Abstract
Almost 2 billion adults in the world are overweight, and more than half of them are classified as obese, while nearly one-third of children globally experience poor growth and development. Given the vast amount of knowledge that has been gleaned from decades of research on growth and development, a number of questions remain as to why the world is now in the midst of a global epidemic of obesity accompanied by the "double burden of malnutrition," where overweight coexists with underweight and micronutrient deficiencies. This challenge to the human condition can be attributed to nutritional and environmental exposures during pregnancy that may program a fetus to have a higher risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. To explore this concept, frequently called the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), this review considers a host of factors and physiological mechanisms that drive a fetus or child toward a higher risk of obesity, fatty liver disease, hypertension, and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D). To that end, this review explores the epidemiology of DOHaD with discussions focused on adaptations to human energetics, placental development, dysmetabolism, and key environmental exposures that act to promote chronic diseases in adulthood. These areas are complementary and additive in understanding how providing the best conditions for optimal growth can create the best possible conditions for lifelong health. Moreover, understanding both physiological as well as epigenetic and molecular mechanisms for DOHaD is vital to most fully address the global issues of obesity and other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hoffman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Program in International Nutrition, and Center for Childhood Nutrition Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Division of Exposure Science and Epidemiology, Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Daniel B Hardy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Division of Exposure Science and Epidemiology, Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Tsai K, Tullis B, Jensen T, Graff T, Reynolds P, Arroyo J. Differential expression of mTOR related molecules in the placenta from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia patients. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100503. [PMID: 33826986 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is involved in the function and growth of the placenta during pregnancy. The mTOR pathway responds to nutrient availability and growth factors that regulate protein expression and cell growth. Disrupted mTOR signaling is associated with the development of several obstetric complications. The purpose of this study was to identify the differential placental expression of various mTOR-associated proteins in the placenta during normal gestation (Control), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia (PE). Immunohistochemistry localized activated proteins (phospho; p) mTOR, pp70, p4EBP1, pAKT and pERK. Real-time PCR array was performed to show differing placental expression of additional mTOR-associated genes. Western blot was performed for pAMPK protein. We observed: 1) increased pmTOR during GDM and decreased pmTOR during IUGR and PE, 2) increased pp70 during IUGR and decreased pp70 during GDM and PE, 3) increased p4EBP1 during GDM, IUGR, and PE, 4) increased pAKT during GDM, 5) increased pERK during IUGR, 6) differential placental expression of mTOR pathway associated genes and increased pAMPK during GDM and PE. We conclude that regulation of the mTOR pathway is uniquely involved in the development of these obstetric complications. Insights into this pathway may provide avenues that if modify may help alleviate these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kary Tsai
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Benton Tullis
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Tyler Jensen
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Taylor Graff
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Paul Reynolds
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Juan Arroyo
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Provo, UT, USA.
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Wang H, Huang B, Hou A, Xue L, Wang B, Chen J, Li M, Zhang JV. High NOV/CCN3 expression during high-fat diet pregnancy in mice affects GLUT3 expression and the mTOR pathway. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E786-E796. [PMID: 33586490 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00230.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the expression levels of nephroblastoma overexpressed [NOV or CCN3 (cellular communication network factor 3)] in the serum and placenta of pregnant women and of pregnant mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), and its effect on placental glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) expression, to examine its role in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). NOV/CCN3 expression was increased in the mouse serum during pregnancy. At gestational day 18, NOV/CCN3 protein expression was increased in the serum and placenta of the HFD mice compared with that of mice fed a normal diet. Compared with non-GDM patients, the patients with GDM had significantly increased serum NOV/CCN3 protein expression and placental NOV/CCN3 mRNA expression. Therefore, we hypothesized that NOV/CCN3 signaling may be involved in the pathogenesis of GDM. We administered NOV/CCN3 recombinant protein via intraperitoneal injections to pregnant mice fed HFD or normal diet. NOV/CCN3 overexpression led to glucose intolerance. Combined with the HFD, NOV/CCN3 exacerbated glucose intolerance and caused insulin resistance. NOV/CCN3 upregulates GLUT3 expression and affects the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in the GDM environment in vivo and in vitro. In summary, our results demonstrate, for the first time, the molecular mechanism of NOV/CCN3 signaling in maternal metabolism to regulate glucose balance during pregnancy. NOV/CCN3 may be a potential target for detecting and treating GDM.NEW & NOTEWORTHY NOV/CCN3 regulates glucose homeostasis in mice during pregnancy. NOV/CCN3 upregulates GLUT3 expression and affects the mTOR pathway in the GDM environment in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefei Wang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Huang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Anli Hou
- Department of Gynaecology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xue
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Baobei Wang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian V Zhang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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15
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Rosario FJ, Powell TL, Gupta MB, Cox L, Jansson T. mTORC1 Transcriptional Regulation of Ribosome Subunits, Protein Synthesis, and Molecular Transport in Primary Human Trophoblast Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:583801. [PMID: 33324640 PMCID: PMC7726231 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.583801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) serves as positive regulator of placental nutrient transport and mitochondrial respiration. The role of mTORC1 signaling in modulating other placental functions is largely unexplored. We used gene array following silencing of raptor to identify genes regulated by mTORC1 in primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells. Seven hundred and thirty-nine genes were differentially expressed; 487 genes were down-regulated and 252 up-regulated. Bioinformatic analyses demonstrated that inhibition of mTORC1 resulted in decreased expression of genes encoding ribosomal proteins in the 60S and 40S ribosome subunits. Furthermore, down-regulated genes were functionally enriched in genes involved in eIF2, sirtuin and mTOR signaling, mitochondrial function, and glutamine and zinc transport. Stress response genes were enriched among up-regulated genes following mTORC1 inhibition. The protein expression of ribosomal proteins RPL26 (RPL26) and Ribosomal Protein S10 (RPS10) was decreased and positively correlated to mTORC1 signaling and System A amino acid transport in human placentas collected from pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). In conclusion, mTORC1 signaling regulates the expression of trophoblast genes involved in ribosome and protein synthesis, mitochondrial function, lipid metabolism, nutrient transport, and angiogenesis, representing novel links between mTOR signaling and multiple placental functions critical for normal fetal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick J. Rosario
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Theresa L. Powell
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Madhulika B. Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Cox
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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Zhang Y, Liang Y, Liu H, Huang Y, Li H, Chen B. Paeoniflorin attenuates gestational diabetes via Akt/mTOR pathway in a rat model. Food Nutr Res 2020; 64:4362. [PMID: 33240030 PMCID: PMC7672451 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v64.4362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes associated with pregnancy and may impose risks on both mother and fetus. Akt paeoniflorin was shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemia properties and has a potential ability to suppress mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. The current study aimed to study the effect of paeoniflorin on GDM maternal, fetal, and placental characteristics in vivo. Methods Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced gestational diabetes rat model was used in our study. The expression levels of phosphorylation (p-) and total protein expression levels of protein kinase B (Akt), mTOR, serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), and eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) in the placenta were determined by Western blot assay. The blood glucose, insulin, and leptin levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results We found that placental Akt/mTOR signaling was substantially upregulated in GDM patients compared with healthy donors. Paeoniflorin administration alleviates the dysregulation of blood glucose, leptin, and insulin levels in both maternal and fetal GDM rats. Paeoniflorin treatment suppressed the overactivation of Akt/mTOR signaling in placental tissues. More importantly, administration of paeoniflorin was beneficial for normalization of fetal size and body weight in the GDM rats. Conclusion Our study suggested that application of paeoniflorin may serve as a potential therapeutical strategy for patients with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heze Municipal Hospital of Shandong Province, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Yulin Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heze Municipal Hospital of Shandong Province, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Huiqiao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heze Municipal Hospital of Shandong Province, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heze Municipal Hospital of Shandong Province, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heze Municipal Hospital of Shandong Province, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heze Municipal Hospital of Shandong Province, Heze, Shandong, China
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Dong J, Shin N, Chen S, Lei J, Burd I, Wang X. Is there a definite relationship between placental mTOR signaling and fetal growth? Biol Reprod 2020; 103:471-486. [PMID: 32401303 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction and overgrowth are common obstetrical complications that result in adverse perinatal outcomes and long-term health risks later in life, including neurodevelopmental dysfunction and adult metabolic syndrome. The placenta plays a critical role in the nutrition transfer from mother to fetus and even exerts adaptive mechanism when the fetus is under poor developmental conditions. The mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling serves as a critical hub of cell growth, survival, and metabolism in response to nutrients, growth factors, energy, and stress signals. Placental mTOR signaling regulates placental function, including oxygen and nutrient transport. Therefore, placental mTOR signaling is hypothesized to have a positive relationship with fetal growth. In this review, we summarize that most studies support the current evidence that there is connection between placental mTOR signaling and abnormal fetal growth; however, but more studies should be performed following a vigorous and unanimous method for assessment to determine placental mTOR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Na Shin
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shuqiang Chen
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun Lei
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Irina Burd
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Role of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in regulation of fatty acid oxidation in a preeclampsia-like mouse model treated with pravastatin. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 132:671-679. [PMID: 30855348 PMCID: PMC6416100 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) disorder is involved in the pathogenesis of some cases of preeclampsia (PE). Several studies show that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is related to FAO. Pravastatin (Pra) can promote FAO in Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) PE-like mouse model in our previous study. This study aimed to investigate the effect of mTOR signaling pathway in PE-like model treated with Pra. Methods: Pregnant mice were randomly injected with L-NAME as PE-like model group or saline as control group respectively, from gestational 7th to 18th day. Giving Pra (L-NAME + Pra, Control + Pra, n = 8) or normal saline (NS; L-NAME + NS, Control + NS, n = 8) from gestational 8th to 18th day, the mice were sacrificed on day 18 and their liver and placental tissues were collected. Then the activation of mTOR and its substrates in the liver and placenta were detected. And the association between mTOR activation and serum free fatty acid (FFA) levels and the expression of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (LCHAD) were evaluated using Pearson correlation test. Differences between groups were analyzed using independent t-test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Both in the maternal liver and placenta, the activation of mTOR protein and its effect on substrates increased significantly in the L-NAME + NS group and decreased significantly in the L-NAME + Pra group. The p-mTOR/mTOR protein ratio decreased in the L-NAME + Pra group significantly than that in the L-NAME + NS group both in liver and placenta (liver: 0.74 ± 0.08 vs. 0.85 ± 0.06, t = 2.95, P < 0.05; placenta: 0.63 ± 0.06 vs. 0.77 ± 0.06, t = 4.64, P < 0.05). The activation of mTOR protein in the liver and placenta negatively correlated with the expression of LCHAD in the L-NAME + NS group (liver: r = −0.745, P < 0.05; placenta: r = −0.833, P < 0.05) and that in the maternal liver negatively correlated with the expression of LCHAD (r = −0.733, P < 0.05) and positively with the serum FFA levels (r = 0.841, P < 0.05) in the L-NAME + Pra group. Conclusion: The inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway might be involved in the regulation of FAO in mouse model treated with Pra.
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Neimark E, Wainstock T, Sheiner E, Fischer L, Pariente G. Long-term cardiovascular hospitalizations of small for gestational age (SGA) offspring born to women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) ‡. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:518-524. [PMID: 30626227 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1541233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether delivery of small for gestational age (SGA) neonates to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of long-term cardiovascular offspring hospitalizations compared to SGA neonates born to mothers without GDM. STUDY DESIGN This is a population-based retrospective cohort study. The study group was SGA offspring born to mothers with GDM (n = 259), while the control group was SGA offspring born to mothers without GDM (n = 9053). The main factor evaluated was offspring cardiovascular hospitalizations up to the age of 18 years. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to estimate cumulative incidence of cardiovascular hospitalizations. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for cardiovascular hospitalizations. RESULTS SGA children born to mothers with GDM had significantly higher rates of cardiovascular-related hospitalizations (1.9% vs. 0.7%, p = .026). A Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrated that SGA children born to GDM mothers had a higher cumulative incidence of cardiovascular hospitalizations (log-rank p = .037). The Cox regression model, while controlling for confounders, demonstrated that delivery of SGA neonates to mothers with GDM is independently associated with long-term cardiovascular offspring hospitalizations (adjusted HR =2.6; 95% CI 1.02-6.55 p = .045). CONCLUSION Delivery of SGA neonates born to mothers with GDM is independently associated with long-term cardiovascular offspring hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Neimark
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Soroka University Medical, Center Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Tamar Wainstock
- b Department of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Eyal Sheiner
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Soroka University Medical, Center Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Laura Fischer
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Soroka University Medical, Center Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Gali Pariente
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Soroka University Medical, Center Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
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20
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Gupta MB, Jansson T. Novel roles of mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling in regulating fetal growth†. Biol Reprod 2019; 100:872-884. [PMID: 30476008 PMCID: PMC6698747 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling functions as a central regulator of cellular metabolism, growth, and survival in response to hormones, growth factors, nutrients, energy, and stress signals. Mechanistic TOR is therefore critical for the growth of most fetal organs, and global mTOR deletion is embryonic lethal. This review discusses emerging evidence suggesting that mTOR signaling also has a role as a critical hub in the overall homeostatic control of fetal growth, adjusting the fetal growth trajectory according to the ability of the maternal supply line to support fetal growth. In the fetus, liver mTOR governs the secretion and phosphorylation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) thereby controlling the bioavailability of insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II), which function as important growth hormones during fetal life. In the placenta, mTOR responds to a large number of growth-related signals, including amino acids, glucose, oxygen, folate, and growth factors, to regulate trophoblast mitochondrial respiration, nutrient transport, and protein synthesis, thereby influencing fetal growth. In the maternal compartment, mTOR is an integral part of a decidual nutrient sensor which links oxygen and nutrient availability to the phosphorylation of IGFBP-1 with preferential effects on the bioavailability of IGF-I in the maternal-fetal interface and in the maternal circulation. These new roles of mTOR signaling in the regulation fetal growth will help us better understand the molecular underpinnings of abnormal fetal growth, such as intrauterine growth restriction and fetal overgrowth, and may represent novel avenues for diagnostics and intervention in important pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhulika B Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Lutz BS, Leguisamo NM, Cabral NK, Gloria HC, Reiter KC, Agnes G, Zanella V, Meyer ELS, Saffi J. Imbalance in DNA repair machinery is associated with BRAF V600E mutation and tumor aggressiveness in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 472:140-148. [PMID: 29229408 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of alterations in MLH1, an essential mismatch repair component, in BRAFV600E mutated papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has been suggested to be associated with features of tumor aggressiveness. Thirty-two PTC and surrounding normal thyroid tissues were evaluated for 11 representative DNA repair genes expression. BRAFV600E mutational status assessment and clinicopathological correlations were evaluated for their gene and protein expression. BRAFV600E PTC is associated with lower levels of XPD and MLH1 gene expression. Decrease in MLH1 and XPD mRNA levels in BRAFV600E PTC (but not their protein products) are associated with predictors of poor patient outcomes. Considering the complete subset of patients, MGMT and XRCC2 genes were shown down and upregulated, respectively, in PTC tissues. Low expression of MGMT gene and weak XRCC2 protein expression were correlated with characteristics of tumor aggressiveness. These results suggest that an imbalance in DNA repair gene expression in PTC is associated with aggressive clinicopathological features and BRAFV600E mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna S Lutz
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Natalia M Leguisamo
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nicole K Cabral
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Helena C Gloria
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Keli C Reiter
- Laboratory of Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Grasiela Agnes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Virgilio Zanella
- Thyroid Section, Endocrine Division, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Erika L S Meyer
- Thyroid Section, Endocrine Division, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jenifer Saffi
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Mohan R, Baumann D, Alejandro EU. Fetal undernutrition, placental insufficiency, and pancreatic β-cell development programming in utero. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R867-R878. [PMID: 30110175 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00072.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and type 2 (T2D) diabetes is a major health concern in the United States and around the world. T2D is a complex disease characterized by pancreatic β-cell failure in association with obesity and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. Although several genes associated with T2D have been identified, it is speculated that genetic variants account for only <10% of the risk for this disease. A strong body of data from both human epidemiological and animal studies shows that fetal nutrient factors in utero confer significant susceptibility to T2D. Numerous studies done in animals have shown that suboptimal maternal environment or placental insufficiency causes intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in the fetus, a critical factor known to predispose offspring to obesity and T2D, in part by causing permanent consequences in total functional β-cell mass. This review will focus on the potential contribution of the placenta in fetal programming of obesity and TD and its likely impact on pancreatic β-cell development and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Mohan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Daniel Baumann
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Emilyn Uy Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Capobianco E, Gomez Ribot D, Fornes D, Powell TL, Levieux C, Jansson T, Jawerbaum A. Diet Enriched with Olive Oil Attenuates Placental Dysfunction in Rats with Gestational Diabetes Induced by Intrauterine Programming. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800263. [PMID: 29939470 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Offspring from rats with mild diabetes develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We tested the hypothesis that an olive oil-supplemented diet attenuates placental oxidative stress/inflammation, activation of mTOR signaling, and inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and fetal overgrowth in GDM offspring from mild diabetic rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Female offspring from rats with mild diabetes (group that developed GDM) and controls were fed with either a standard diet or a 6% olive oil-supplemented diet during pregnancy. On day 21 of pregnancy, plasma glucose levels in mothers and fetuses were increased in the GDM group independently of the diet. Fetal overgrowth and activation of placental mTOR signaling were partially prevented in the olive oil-treated GDM group. Placental PPARγ protein expression was decreased in GDM rats, independently of the diet. However, increases in placental lipoperoxidation, connective tissue growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 levels were prevented by the olive oil-enriched diet. CONCLUSION Diets enriched with olive oil attenuate placental dysfunction and fetal overgrowth in rats with GDM induced by intrauterine programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelina Capobianco
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dalmiro Gomez Ribot
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daiana Fornes
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver Anschultz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Colorado Denver Anschultz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Cecilia Levieux
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Colorado Denver Anschultz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Alicia Jawerbaum
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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24
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Li G, Lin L, Wang YL, Yang H. 1,25(OH)2D3 Protects Trophoblasts Against Insulin Resistance and Inflammation Via Suppressing mTOR Signaling. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:223-232. [PMID: 29575997 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118766253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the primary cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Insulin resistance (IR) is pivotal to GDM pathogenesis, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a critical regulator of GDM. An increasing amount of evidence indicates that vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for GDM. However, there are few reports on the effect of IR on GDM placentas. The present study aims to verify that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) can ameliorate trophoblast IR by suppressing mTOR signaling. An IR BeWo cell model was established in the presence of high insulin and glucose medium. The IR level and mTOR activation with or without 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment were evaluated. The IR cells exhibited excessive mTOR signaling activation, upregulated inflammatory factor levels, and extensive lipid infiltration. However, 1,25(OH)2D3 reversed mTOR activation and reduced the IR level and lipid infiltration. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment in GDM placental explants blocked the aberrant, increased levels of leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6. Therefore, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment protects trophoblasts against high IR mainly through suppressing mTOR signaling, and this mechanism may serve as a potential therapy for patients with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlin Li
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lin
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixia Yang
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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25
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Ardestani A, Lupse B, Kido Y, Leibowitz G, Maedler K. mTORC1 Signaling: A Double-Edged Sword in Diabetic β Cells. Cell Metab 2018; 27:314-331. [PMID: 29275961 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a central regulator of metabolic and nutrient cues that integrates environmental inputs into downstream signaling pathways to control cellular metabolism, growth, and survival. While numerous in vitro and in vivo studies reported the positive functions of mTORC1 in the regulation of β cell survival and proliferation under physiological conditions, more recent work demonstrates the opposite in the long term; this is exemplified by the constitutive inappropriate hyper-activation of mTORC1 in diabetic islets or β cells under conditions of increased β cell stress and metabolic demands. These recent findings uncover mTORC1's importance as an emerging significant player in the development and progression of β cell failure in type 2 diabetes and suggest that mTORC1 may act as a "double edge sword" in the regulation of β cell mass and function in response to metabolic stress such as nutrient overload and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ardestani
- University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany.
| | - Blaz Lupse
- University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Yoshiaki Kido
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Division of Metabolism and Disease, Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
| | - Gil Leibowitz
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service and the Hadassah Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany.
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26
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Legg-St Pierre CB, Mackova M, Miskiewicz EI, Hemmings DG, Unniappan S, MacPhee DJ. Insulinotropic nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 is dynamically expressed in the haemochorial mouse and human placenta. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 30:519-532. [DOI: 10.1071/rd16486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is the physiological bridge between mother and fetus and has life-sustaining functions during pregnancy, including metabolic regulation, fetal protection and hormone secretion. Nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) is a calcium- and DNA-binding protein and precursor of nesfatin-1, a signalling peptide with multiple functions, including regulation of energy homeostasis and glucose transport. These are also key functions of the placenta, yet NUCB2/nesfatin-1 expression has never been comprehensively studied in this organ. In the present study, mouse placental samples from Embryonic Day (E) 7.5 to E17.5 and human chorionic villi from the first and second trimester, as well as term pregnancy, were analysed for NUCB2/nesfatin-1 expression by immunohistochemistry with an antiserum that recognised both NUCB2 and nesfatin-1. From E7.5 to E9.5, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 was expressed in the ectoplacental cone, then parietal trophoblast giant cells and early spongiotrophoblast. At E10.5–12.5, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 expression became detectable in the developing labyrinth. From E12.5 and onwards, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 was expressed in the glycogen trophoblast cells, as well as highly expressed in syncytiotrophoblast, sinusoidal trophoblast giant cells and fetal capillary endothelial cells of the labyrinth. In all trimesters of human pregnancy, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 was highly expressed in syncytiotrophoblast. In addition, there was a significant increase in NUCB2 expression in human primary trophoblast cells induced to syncytialise. Thus, the haemochorial mammalian placenta is a novel source of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 and likely a site of its action, with potential roles in glucose homeostasis and/or nutrient sensing.
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27
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Villalobos-Labra R, Silva L, Subiabre M, Araos J, Salsoso R, Fuenzalida B, Sáez T, Toledo F, González M, Quezada C, Pardo F, Chiarello DI, Leiva A, Sobrevia L. Akt/mTOR Role in Human Foetoplacental Vascular Insulin Resistance in Diseases of Pregnancy. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:5947859. [PMID: 29104874 PMCID: PMC5618766 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5947859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is characteristic of pregnancies where the mother shows metabolic alterations, such as preeclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), or abnormal maternal conditions such as pregestational maternal obesity (PGMO). Insulin signalling includes activation of insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 (IRS1/2) as well as Src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein 1, leading to activation of 44 and 42 kDa mitogen-activated protein kinases and protein kinase B/Akt (Akt) signalling cascades in the human foetoplacental vasculature. PE, GDM, and PGMO are abnormal conditions coursing with reduced insulin signalling, but the possibility of the involvement of similar cell signalling mechanisms is not addressed. This review aimed to determine whether reduced insulin signalling in PE, GDM, and PGMO shares a common mechanism in the human foetoplacental vasculature. Insulin resistance in these pathological conditions results from reduced Akt activation mainly due to inhibition of IRS1/2, likely due to the increased activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) resulting from lower activity of adenosine monophosphate kinase. Thus, a defective signalling via Akt/mTOR in response to insulin is a central and common mechanism of insulin resistance in these diseases of pregnancy. In this review, we summarise the cell signalling mechanisms behind the insulin resistance state in PE, GDM, and PGMO focused in the Akt/mTOR signalling pathway in the human foetoplacental endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Villalobos-Labra
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Silva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mario Subiabre
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquín Araos
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Rocío Salsoso
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Bárbara Fuenzalida
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Tamara Sáez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, 3780000 Chillán, Chile
| | - Marcelo González
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudia Quezada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5110566 Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fabián Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
- Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, Center of Research, Development and Innovation in Health-Aconcagua Valley, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, San Felipe Campus, 2172972 San Felipe, Chile
| | - Delia I. Chiarello
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
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