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Leonard J, Kepplinger D, Espina V, Gillevet P, Ke Y, Birukov KG, Doctor A, Hoemann CD. Whole blood coagulation in an ex vivo thrombus is sufficient to induce clot neutrophils to adopt a myeloid-derived suppressor cell signature and shed soluble Lox-1. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:1031-1045. [PMID: 38135253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood clots are living tissues that release inflammatory mediators including IL-8/CXCL8 and MCP-1/CCL2. A deeper understanding of blood clots is needed to develop new therapies for prothrombotic disease states and regenerative medicine. OBJECTIVES To identify a common transcriptional shift in cultured blood clot leukocytes. METHODS Differential gene expression of whole blood and cultured clots (4 hours at 37 °C) was assessed by RNA sequencing (RNAseq), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, proteomics, and histology (23 diverse healthy human donors). Cultured clot serum bioactivity was tested in endothelial barrier functional assays. RESULTS All cultured clots developed a polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell (PMN-MDSC) signature, including up-regulation of OLR1 (mRNA encoding lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 [Lox-1]), IL-8/CXCL8, CXCL2, CCL2, IL10, IL1A, SPP1, TREM1, and DUSP4/MKP. Lipopolysaccharide enhanced PMN-MDSC gene expression and specifically induced a type II interferon response with IL-6 production. Lox-1 was specifically expressed by cultured clot CD15+ neutrophils. Cultured clot neutrophils, but not activated platelets, shed copious amounts of soluble Lox-1 (sLox-1) with a donor-dependent amplitude. sLox-1 shedding was enhanced by phorbol ester and suppressed by heparin and by beta-glycerol phosphate, a phosphatase inhibitor. Cultured clot serum significantly enhanced endothelial cell monolayer barrier function, consistent with a proresolving bioactivity. CONCLUSION This study suggests that PMN-MDSC activation is part of the innate immune response to coagulation which may have a protective role in inflammation. The cultured blood clot is an innovative thrombus model that can be used to study both sterile and nonsterile inflammatory states and could be used as a personalized medicine tool for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Leonard
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - David Kepplinger
- Department of Statistics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Department of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Pat Gillevet
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Yunbo Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Allan Doctor
- Departments of Pediatrics & Bioengineering and Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caroline D Hoemann
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA.
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Pham AT, Oliveira AC, Albanna M, Alvarez-Castanon J, Dupee Z, Patel D, Fu C, Mukhsinova L, Nguyen A, Jin L, Bryant AJ. Non-Interferon-Dependent Role of STING Signaling in Pulmonary Hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:124-142. [PMID: 37942608 PMCID: PMC10872846 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with constitutive activation of DNA-sensing pathway through stimulator of IFN (interferon) genes (STING), such as those with STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy, develop pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the role of STING signaling in general PH patients is heretofore undescribed. Here, we seek to investigate the role of STING in PH development. METHODS STING expression in patient lung samples was examined. PH was induced in global STING-deficient mice and global type I IFN receptor 1-deficient mice using bleomycin or chronic hypoxia exposure. PH development was evaluated by right ventricular systolic pressure and Fulton index, with additional histological and flow cytometric analysis. VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) expression on murine immune cells was quantified and evaluated with multiplex and flow cytometry. Human myeloid-derived cells were differentiated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and treated with either STING agonist or STING antagonist for evaluation of VEGF secretion. RESULTS Global STING deficiency protects mice from PH development, and STING-associated PH seems independent of type I IFN signaling. Furthermore, a role for STING-VEGF signaling pathway in PH development was demonstrated, with altered VEGF secretion in murine pulmonary infiltrated myeloid cells in a STING-dependent manner. In addition, pharmacological manipulation of STING in human myeloid-derived cells supports in vivo findings. Finally, a potential role of STING-VEGF-mediated apoptosis in disease development and progression was illustrated, providing a roadmap toward potential therapeutic applications. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data provide concrete evidence of STING involvement in PH, establishing biological plausibility for STING-related therapies in PH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann T Pham
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Aline C Oliveira
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Muhammad Albanna
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | | | - Zadia Dupee
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Diya Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Chunhua Fu
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Laylo Mukhsinova
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Amy Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Andrew J Bryant
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
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Role of the Immune System Elements in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163757. [PMID: 34442052 PMCID: PMC8397145 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a relatively rare disease, but, today, its incidence tends to increase. The severe course of the disease and poor patient survival rate make PAH a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. For this reason, a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease is essential to facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic targets. Research shows that the development of PAH is characterized by a number of abnormalities within the immune system that greatly affect the progression of the disease. In this review, we present key data on the regulated function of immune cells, released cytokines and immunoregulatory molecules in the development of PAH, to help improve diagnosis and targeted immunotherapy.
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West JD, Austin ED, Rizzi EM, Yan L, Tanjore H, Crabtree AL, Moore CS, Muthian G, Carrier EJ, Jacobson DA, Hamid R, Kendall PL, Majka S, Rathinasabapathy A. KCNK3 Mutation Causes Altered Immune Function in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients and Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095014. [PMID: 34065088 PMCID: PMC8126011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of function KCNK3 mutation is one of the gene variants driving hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). KCNK3 is expressed in several cell and tissue types on both membrane and endoplasmic reticulum and potentially plays a role in multiple pathological process associated with PAH. However, the role of various stressors driving the susceptibility of KCNK3 mutation to PAH is unknown. Hence, we exposed kcnk3fl/fl animals to hypoxia, metabolic diet and low dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and performed molecular characterization of their tissue. We also used tissue samples from KCNK3 patients (skin fibroblast derived inducible pluripotent stem cells, blood, lungs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and performed microarray, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and mass cytometry time of flight (CyTOF) experiments. Although a hypoxic insult did not alter vascular tone in kcnk3fl/fl mice, RNASeq study of these lungs implied that inflammatory and metabolic factors were altered, and the follow-up diet study demonstrated a dysregulation of bone marrow cells in kcnk3fl/fl mice. Finally, a low dose LPS study clearly showed that inflammation could be a possible second hit driving PAH in kcnk3fl/fl mice. Multiplex, IHC and CyTOF immunophenotyping studies on human samples confirmed the mouse data and strongly indicated that cell mediated, and innate immune responses may drive PAH susceptibility in these patients. In conclusion, loss of function KCNK3 mutation alters various physiological processes from vascular tone to metabolic diet through inflammation. Our data suggests that altered circulating immune cells may drive PAH susceptibility in patients with KCNK3 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. West
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.D.W.); (H.T.); (A.L.C.); (C.S.M.); (E.J.C.)
| | - Eric D. Austin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (E.D.A.); (L.Y.); (R.H.)
| | - Elise M. Rizzi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (E.M.R.); (P.L.K.)
| | - Ling Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (E.D.A.); (L.Y.); (R.H.)
| | - Harikrishna Tanjore
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.D.W.); (H.T.); (A.L.C.); (C.S.M.); (E.J.C.)
| | - Amber L. Crabtree
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.D.W.); (H.T.); (A.L.C.); (C.S.M.); (E.J.C.)
| | - Christy S. Moore
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.D.W.); (H.T.); (A.L.C.); (C.S.M.); (E.J.C.)
| | - Gladson Muthian
- Department of Cancer Biology, Biochemistry and Neuropharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
| | - Erica J. Carrier
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.D.W.); (H.T.); (A.L.C.); (C.S.M.); (E.J.C.)
| | - David A. Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Rizwan Hamid
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (E.D.A.); (L.Y.); (R.H.)
| | - Peggy L. Kendall
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (E.M.R.); (P.L.K.)
| | - Susan Majka
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA;
| | - Anandharajan Rathinasabapathy
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.D.W.); (H.T.); (A.L.C.); (C.S.M.); (E.J.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Xiao Q, Li X, Li Y, Wu Z, Xu C, Chen Z, He W. Biological drug and drug delivery-mediated immunotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:941-960. [PMID: 33996408 PMCID: PMC8105778 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation and development of major inflammatory diseases, i.e., cancer, vascular inflammation, and some autoimmune diseases are closely linked to the immune system. Biologics-based immunotherapy is exerting a critical role against these diseases, whereas the usage of the immunomodulators is always limited by various factors such as susceptibility to digestion by enzymes in vivo, poor penetration across biological barriers, and rapid clearance by the reticuloendothelial system. Drug delivery strategies are potent to promote their delivery. Herein, we reviewed the potential targets for immunotherapy against the major inflammatory diseases, discussed the biologics and drug delivery systems involved in the immunotherapy, particularly highlighted the approved therapy tactics, and finally offer perspectives in this field.
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Key Words
- AAs, amino acids
- ACT, adoptive T cell therapy
- AHC, Chlamydia pneumonia
- ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- AP, ascorbyl palmitate
- APCs, antigen-presenting cells
- AS, atherosclerosis
- ASIT, antigen-specific immunotherapy
- Adoptive cell transfer
- ApoA–I, apolipoprotein A–I
- ApoB LPs, apolipoprotein-B-containing lipoproteins
- Atherosclerosis
- BMPR-II, bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor
- Biologics
- Bregs, regulatory B lymphocytes
- CAR, chimeric antigen receptor
- CCR9–CCL25, CC receptor 9–CC chemokine ligand 25
- CD, Crohn's disease
- CETP, cholesterol ester transfer protein
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4
- CX3CL1, CXXXC-chemokine ligand 1
- CXCL 16, CXC-chemokine ligand 16
- CXCR 2, CXC-chemokine receptor 2
- Cancer immunotherapy
- CpG ODNs, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides
- DAMPs, danger-associated molecular patterns
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DDS, drug delivery system
- DMARDs, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
- DMPC, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine
- DSS, dextran sulfate sodium
- Dex, dexamethasone
- Drug delivery
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- ECs, endothelial cells
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention effect
- ET-1, endothelin-1
- ETAR, endothelin-1 receptor type A
- FAO, fatty acid oxidation
- GM-CSF, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HER2, human epidermal growth factor-2
- IBD, inflammatory bowel diseases
- ICOS, inducible co-stimulator
- ICP, immune checkpoint
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- IT-hydrogel, inflammation-targeting hydrogel
- Immune targets
- Inflammatory diseases
- JAK, Janus kinase
- LAG-3, lymphocyte-activation gene 3
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LTB4, leukotriene B4
- MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1
- MCT, monocrotaline
- MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell
- MHCs, major histocompatibility complexes
- MHPC, 1-myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-phosphocholine
- MIF, migration inhibitory factor
- MM, multiple myeloma
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- MOF, metal–organic framework
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κ-B
- NK, natural killer
- NPs, nanoparticles
- NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- PAECs, pulmonary artery endothelial cells
- PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension
- PASMCs, pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PCSK9, proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9
- PD-1, programmed death protein-1
- PD-L1, programmed cell death-ligand 1
- PLGA, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid
- Pulmonary artery hypertension
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SHP-2, Src homology 2 domain–containing tyrosine phosphatase 2
- SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus
- SMCs, smooth muscle cells
- Src, sarcoma gene
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- TILs, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
- TIM-3, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TRAF6, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6
- Teff, effector T cell
- Th17, T helper 17
- Tph, T peripheral helper
- Tregs, regulatory T cells
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- VEC, vascular endothelial cadherin
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VISTA, V-domain immunoglobulin-containing suppressor of T-cell activation
- YCs, yeast-derived microcapsules
- bDMARDs, biological DMARDs
- hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
- mAbs, monoclonal antibodies
- mPAP, mean pulmonary artery pressure
- nCmP, nanocomposite microparticle
- rHDL, recombinant HDL
- rhTNFRFc, recombinant human TNF-α receptor II-IgG Fc fusion protein
- scFv, single-chain variable fragment
- α1D-AR, α1D-adrenergic receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Chenjie Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
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Bryant AJ, Pham A, Gogoi H, Mitchell CR, Pais F, Jin L. The Third Man: DNA sensing as espionage in pulmonary vascular health and disease. Pulm Circ 2021; 11:2045894021996574. [PMID: 33738095 PMCID: PMC7934053 DOI: 10.1177/2045894021996574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For as long as nucleic acids have been utilized to vertically and horizontally transfer genetic material, living organisms have had to develop methods of recognizing cytosolic DNA as either pathogenic (microbial invasion) or physiologic (mitosis and cellular proliferation). Derangement in key signaling molecules involved in these pathways of DNA sensing result in a family of diseases labeled interferonopathies. An interferonopathy, characterized by constitutive expression of type I interferons, ultimately manifests as severe autoimmune disease at a young age. Afflicted patients present with a constellation of immune-mediated conditions, including primary lung manifestations such as pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. The latter condition is especially interesting in light of the known role that DNA damage plays in a variety of types of inherited and induced pulmonary hypertension, with free DNA detection elevated in the circulation of affected individuals. While little is known regarding the role of cytosolic DNA sensing in development of pulmonary vascular disease, exciting new research in the related fields of immunology and oncology potentially sheds light on future areas of fruitful exploration. As such, the goal of this review is to summarize the state of the field of nucleic acid sensing, extrapolating common shared pathways that parallel our knowledge of pulmonary hypertension, in a molecular and cell-specific manner. Principles of DNA sensing related to known pulmonary injury inducing stimuli are also evaluated, in addition to potential therapeutic targets. Finally, future directions in pulmonary hypertension research and treatments will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Bryant
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ann Pham
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Himanshu Gogoi
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carly R. Mitchell
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Faye Pais
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lei Jin
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Zahid KR, Raza U, Chen J, Raj UJ, Gou D. Pathobiology of pulmonary artery hypertension: role of long non-coding RNAs. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:1937-1947. [PMID: 32109276 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease with complex pathobiology, significant morbidity and mortality, and remains without a cure. It is characterized by vascular remodelling associated with uncontrolled proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, endothelial cell proliferation and dysfunction, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, leading to narrowing of the vascular lumen, increased vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure, which inevitably results in right heart failure and death. There are multiple molecules and signalling pathways that are involved in the vascular remodelling, including non-coding RNAs, i.e. microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). It is only in recent years that the role of lncRNAs in the pathobiology of pulmonary vascular remodelling and right ventricular dysfunction is being vigorously investigated. In this review, we have summarized the current state of knowledge about the role of lncRNAs as key drivers and gatekeepers in regulating major cellular and molecular trafficking involved in the pathogenesis of PAH. In addition, we have discussed the limitations and challenges in translating lncRNA research in vivo and in therapeutic applications of lncRNAs in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Rafiq Zahid
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices, Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Umar Raza
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Khadim Abid Majeed Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Jidong Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Usha J Raj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deming Gou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
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8
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Fu C, Lu Y, Williams MA, Brantly ML, Ventetuolo CE, Morel LM, Mehrad B, Scott EW, Bryant AJ. Emergency myelopoiesis contributes to immune cell exhaustion and pulmonary vascular remodelling. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:187-202. [PMID: 31793661 PMCID: PMC8240454 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to chronic lung disease (World Health Organization Group 3 PH) is deadly, with lung transplant being the only available long-term treatment option. Myeloid-derived cells are known to affect progression of both pulmonary fibrosis and PH, although the mechanism of action is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effect of myeloid cell proliferation induced by emergency myelopoiesis on development of PH and therapy directed against programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), expressed by myeloid cells in prevention of pulmonary vascular remodelling. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH LysM.Cre-DTR ("mDTR") mice were injected with bleomycin (0.018 U·g-1 , i.p.) while receiving either vehicle or diphtheria toxin (DT; 100 ng, i.p.) to induce severe PH. Approximately 4 weeks after initiation of bleomycin protocol, right ventricular pressure measurements were performed and tissue samples collected for histologic assessment. In a separate experiment, DT-treated mice were given anti-PD-L1 antibody (αPD-L1; 500 μg, i.p.) preventive treatment before bleomycin administration. KEY RESULTS Mice undergoing induction of emergency myelopoiesis displayed more severe PH, right ventricular remodelling and pulmonary vascular muscularization compared to controls, without a change in lung fibrosis. This worsening of PH was associated with increased pulmonary myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC), particularly polymorphonuclear MDSC (PMN-MDSC). Treatment with αPD-L1 normalized pulmonary pressures. PD-L1 expression was likewise found to be elevated on circulating PMN-MDSC from patients with interstitial lung disease and PH. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS PD-L1 is a viable therapeutic target in PH, acting through a signalling axis involving MDSC. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.1/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Fu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Yuanqing Lu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mason A Williams
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mark L Brantly
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Corey E Ventetuolo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Laurence M Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Borna Mehrad
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Edward W Scott
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andrew J Bryant
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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