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Anand K, Mandal P, Karmakar S, Bhowmik R, Shaharyar MA, Mandal A, Sarkar A, De A, Chakraborty S, Ray S, Bhowmik M, Karmakar S. Evaluation of cilnidipine-loaded self-micro-emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) by quantification of comparative pharmacokinetic parameters using validated LC-ESI-MS/MS bioanalytical method and pharmacodynamic assessment. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2024:S0003-4509(24)00106-8. [PMID: 39089366 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2024.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Regardless of having desired therapeutic properties many of the recently approved drugs are removed from the developmental pipeline for their clinical use due to low solubility and permeability. Conventional dosage forms are found relatively unsuitable for achieving desired pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics profiles. Cilnidipine is 1,4 dihydropyridine derivative calcium channel blocker used for the treatment of hypertension. METHOD The aim and objective of this study was to develop a precise and significant method in LC-MS/MS for quantification of pharmacokinetic parameters of a cilnidipine-loaded self-micro-emulsifying drug delivery system in rat plasma and simultaneously assessed pharmacodynamic characters in comparison with the marketed cilnidipine tablet. Another potential aim of this study is to reduce the dose of the drug in order to counter the dose-dependent toxicities related to chronic use. In the present study, the parent and product ion of cilnidipine was m/z 491.3\237.1. RESULT The plasma was extracted by protein precipitation technique. The calibration standard concentrations were 1.875, 3.75, 7.50, 15.00, 30.00, 60.00ng/mL and LLOQ, low-quality control, middle-quality control and high-quality control were 1.87, 5.62, 22.50, 45.00ng/mL, respectively. The mobile phase composition was 0.1% formic acid in Milli Q water with 10mM Ammonium acetate as an aqueous solvent and 0.1% formic acid in methanol as an organic solvent. Following oral administration of optimized formulation Cmax (peak plasma concentration) was achieved 21.02±3.17ng/mL at 0.866±0.11h (Tmax), whereas in the case of marketed tablet Cmax (peak plasma concentration) was achieved 10.16±0.89ng/mL at 0.93±0.11h (Tmax). DISCUSSION The in-vivo characterizations of the optimized SMEDDS showed significantly better pharmacokinetic parameters in Wistar rats and showed almost 2.4 times enhanced relative bioavailability as compared to the marketed tablet of cilnidipine which was observed to be correlating to our findings with noninvasive blood pressure parameter of Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Anand
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Pallab Mandal
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Rudranil Bhowmik
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Md Adil Shaharyar
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Avishek Mandal
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Akash De
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumya Chakraborty
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhabrata Ray
- Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Dr. Meghnad Saha Sarani, Bidhan Nagar, Durgapur 713206, India
| | - Manas Bhowmik
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanmoy Karmakar
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
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Arabacı Tamer S, Eskiler GG, Ercan F. Gastroprotective effect of vanillic acid against ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats: involvement of the NF-κB signalling and anti-apoptosis role. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:744. [PMID: 38874632 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09672-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vanillic acid (VA; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid) is a flavouring agent found in various natural sources such as olives, fruits, and green tea. While VA exhibits numerous pharmacological effects, its potential protective effects against gastric injury warrants further investigation. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to elucidate investigate the gastroprotective properties of VA against ethanol-induced gastric injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were orally administered either saline or VA at different doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day), with omeprazole (20 mg/kg) serving as a positive control, for fourteen consecutive days before ethanol administration. Blood and gastric tissue samples were collected one hour after ethanol administration for biochemical, molecular, and histological analyses. Pre-treatment with VA before ulcer induction alleviated both macroscopic and microscopic damage. It also increased antioxidant glutathione levels and decreased malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase activity, along with reducing inflammatory markers such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Additionally, VA pre-treatment reversed the elevation of Bax mRNA expression and gastric caspase-3 levels induced by gastric damage. It also mitigated the reduction in Bcl-2 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that VA exerts protective effects against ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats. It achieves this by augmenting gastric antioxidant capacity and mitigating oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevil Arabacı Tamer
- School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Sakarya University, Korucuk Mah. Konuralp Bulvarı No: 81/1 Korucuk Kampüsü, Adapazarı Sakarya, 54100, Türkiye.
| | - Gamze Güney Eskiler
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Türkiye
| | - Feriha Ercan
- School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University, İstanbul, Türkiye
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Meng X, Wang Y, Li Z, Yang F, Wang J. Knowledge mapping of links between dendritic cells and allergic diseases: A bibliometric analysis (2004-2023). Heliyon 2024; 10:e30315. [PMID: 38765036 PMCID: PMC11096944 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, bibliometric analysis was carried out to comprehend the global research trends, hotspots, scientific frontiers, and output characteristics of the links between dendritic cells (DCs) and allergic diseases from 2004 to 2023. Publications and their recorded information were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). VOSviewer and Citespace were used to visualize the hotspots and trends of research area. ChemBio 3D, Autodock tools, and Discovery Studio were used to visualize the molecular docking results of hotspots. A total of 4861 articles were retrieved. The number of publications (Np) was in a high and stable state. Years 2011 and 2017 were two peaks in Np. The largest contributor in terms of publications, scholars, and affiliations was the USA. The paper published in NATURE MEDICINE (IF: 82.9) and written by Trompette, A in 2006 had the highest global citation score (GCS). Keywords, such as "asthma," "t-cells," "inflammation," "expression," "atopic dermatitis," "food allergy," "gut microbiota," "murine model," and "cytokines related to immunity" appeared the most frequently. Most of the binding free energy of the key active components of Saposhnikovia divaricata docked with toll-like receptor proteins well. This bibliometric study aimed to help better comprehend the present state and make decisions from a macro viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghe Meng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhuqing Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ji Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
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Seck I, Ndoye SF, Kapchoup MVK, Nguemo F, Ciss I, Ba LA, Ba A, Sokhna S, Seck M. Effects of plant extracts and derivatives on cardiac K +, Nav, and Ca v channels: a review. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-28. [PMID: 38586947 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2337112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) are endless sources of compounds for fighting against several pathologies. Many dysfunctions, including cardiovascular disorders, such as cardiac arrhythmias have their modes of action regulation of the concentration of electrolytes inside and outside the cell targeting ion channels. Here, we highlight plant extracts and secondary metabolites' effects on the treatment of related cardiac pathologies on hERG, Nav, and Cav of cardiomyocytes. The natural product's pharmacology of expressed receptors like alpha-adrenergic receptors causes an influx of Ca2+ ions through receptor-operated Ca2+ ion channels. We also examine the NPs associated with cardiac contractions such as myocardial contractility by reducing the L-type calcium current and decreasing the intracellular calcium transient, inhibiting the K+ induced contractions, decreasing amplitude of myocyte shortening and showed negative ionotropic and chronotropic effects due to decreasing cytosolic Ca2+. We examine whether the NPs block potassium channels, particular the hERG channel and regulatory effects on Nav1.7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa Seck
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Organique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Samba Fama Ndoye
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Filomain Nguemo
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ismaila Ciss
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Lalla Aicha Ba
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Abda Ba
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Seynabou Sokhna
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Matar Seck
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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Alamri ES, El Rabey HA. The Protective Effects of Vanillic Acid and Vanillic Acid-Coated Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res 2024; 2024:4873544. [PMID: 38577302 PMCID: PMC10994697 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4873544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The production of nanoparticles enhances the bioactivity of biological molecules for drug delivery to diseased sites. This study explains how silver nanoparticle (AgNP) coating enhanced the protection effects of vanillic acid in male diabetic rats with streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetes. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups (n = 6) for this investigation. The first group (G1) is untreated, whereas diabetes was induced in the other three groups through STZ injection. Diabetic rats that were not getting therapy were included in the second group (G2, STZ-positive), whereas the other diabetic rats were divided into the third group (G3, vanillic acid-treated) and the fourth group (G4, vanillic acid-coated AgNPs treated). The treatment lasted four weeks. In G2, the induction of diabetes significantly (at P = 0.05) increased in serum glucose, glycated proteins, renal indices, interleukin-6 (IL-6), K+, immunoglobulins, and lipid peroxidation, while decreased Ca++, Na+, and other antioxidants in the kidney tissue homogenate. In addition, pathological altered signs were present in the pancreas and kidneys of diabetic rats. The renal and pancreatic tissues were effectively enhanced by vanillic acid or vanillic acid-coated AgNPs, bringing them very close to their prediabetic conditions. Vanillic acid-coated AgNPs offered a stronger defense against STZ-induced diabetes and lessened the effects of hyperglycemia compared to ordinary vanillic acid. Additionally, using vanillic acid coated with silver nanoparticles greatly increased the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity and reduced inflammation when compared to using vanillic acid alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman S. Alamri
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haddad A. El Rabey
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
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Nagarajan M, Maadurshni GB, Manivannan J. Exposure to low dose of Bisphenol A (BPA) intensifies kidney oxidative stress, inflammatory factors expression and modulates Angiotensin II signaling under hypertensive milieu. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23533. [PMID: 37718616 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Humans are constantly exposed to low concentrations of ubiquitous environmental pollutant, Bisphenol A (BPA). Due to the prevalence of hypertension (one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular disease [CVD]) in the population, it is necessary to explore the adverse effect of BPA under hypertension associated pathogenic milieu. The current study exposed the Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induced hypertensive Wistar rats to low dose BPA (50 μg/kg) for 30 days period. In tissue samples immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzymatic assays were conducted. Moreover, studies on primary kidney cell culture were employed to explore the impact of low dose of BPA exposure at nanomolar level (20-80 nM range) on renal cells through various fluorescence assays. The observed results illustrate that BPA exposure potentiates/aggravates hypertension induced tissue abnormalities (renal fibrosis), oxidative stress (ROS generation), elevated angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, malfunction of the antioxidant and tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, tissue lipid abnormalities and inflammatory factor expression (both messenger RNA and protein level of TNF-α and IL-6). Further, in vitro exposure of nM levels of BPA to primary kidney cells modulates oxidative stress (both superoxide and total ROS), mitochondrial physiology (reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential-∆ψm) and lipid peroxidation in a dose dependent manner. In addition, angiotensin II induced ROS generation was aggravated further by BPA during coexposure in kidney cells. Therefore, during risk assessment, a precise investigation on BPA exposure in hypertensive (CVD vulnerable) populations is highly suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manigandan Nagarajan
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Jeganathan Manivannan
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Nagarajan M, Maadurshni GB, Manivannan J. Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure aggravates hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory response under hypertensive milieu - Impact of low dose on hepatocytes and influence of MAPK and ER stress pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 183:114197. [PMID: 38029875 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to the hazardous chemical, Bisphenol A (BPA), is almost ubiquitous. Due to the prevalence of hypertension (CVD risk factor) in the aged human population, it is necessary to explore its adverse effect in hypertensive subjects. The current study exposed the Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induced hypertensive Wistar rats to human exposure relevant low dose of BPA (50 μg/kg) for 30 days period. The liver biochemical parameters, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, gene expression (RT-qPCR), trace elements (ICP-MS), primary rat hepatocytes cell culture and metabolomic (1H NMR) assessments were performed. Results illustrate that BPA exposure potentiates/aggravates hypertension induced tissue abnormalities (hepatic fibrosis), oxidative stress, ACE activity, malfunction of the antioxidant system, lipid abnormalities and inflammatory factor (TNF-α and IL-6) expression. Also, in cells, BPA increased ROS generation, mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid peroxidation without any impact on cytotoxicity and caspase 3 and 9 activation. Notably, BPA exposure modulate lipid metabolism (cholesterol and fatty acid) in primary hepatocytes. Finally, the influence of ERK1/2, p38MAPK, ER stress and oxidative stress during relatively high dose of BPA elicited cytotoxicity was observed. Therefore, a precise hazardous risk investigation of BPA exposure in hypertensive populations is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Nagarajan
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Jeganathan Manivannan
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Soliman NA, Mansour SW, Ammar MA, Hassan NA, Mohamed RHA. Possible role of pomegranate fruit in reversing renal damage in rats exposed to Phenylhydrazine. Open Vet J 2023; 13:1268-1276. [PMID: 38027401 PMCID: PMC10658015 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i10.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pomegranate granatum (molasses and peels) and its constituents showed protective effects against natural toxins such as phenylhydrazine (PHZ) as well as chemical toxicants such as arsenic, diazinon, and carbon tetrachloride. Aim The current study aimed to assess the effect of pomegranate molasses (PM), white peel extract, and red peel extract on nephrotoxicity induced by PHZ. Methods 80 male rats were divided into eight equal groups; a control group, PM pure group, white peel pomegranate pure group, red peel pomegranate pure group, PHZ group, PM + PHZ group, white peel pomegranate + PHZ group and red peel pomegranate + PHZ group. Kidney function, inflammation markers, antioxidant activities, and renal tissue histopathology were investigated. Results The results revealed that PHZ group showed a significant increase in lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), creatinine, uric acid, BUNBUN, C - reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) with a significant decrease of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as compared with a control group. Other pomegranate-treated and PHZ co-treated groups with pomegranate showed a significant decrease of LDH, MDA, creatinine, uric acid, BUN, tumor necrosis factor, TBARSs, and TAC with a significant increase of CAT, GPx, and SOD as compared with PHZ group. Conclusion Collectively, our data suggest that red, white peels, and molasses have anti-toxic and anti-inflammatory effects on renal function and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Abbas Soliman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Sherif Wajih Mansour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Ammar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zawia University, Al Zawia City, Libya
| | - Noura Ahmed Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
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Sharma A, Saikia P, Saha S, Kumar D, Panchadhayee R. Synthesis and biological evaluation of carbohydrate-Coumarin/vanillic acid hybrid as a promising antiparasitic agent. Carbohydr Res 2023; 530:108862. [PMID: 37327765 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is caused by infection with the protozoan parasites Leishmania. It is classified as one of the most significant neglected tropical diseases. It remains a significant global public health concern. Current treatments include the use of pentavalent antimonial, amphotericin B, pentamidine, miltefosine, and paromomycin. However, several limitations such as toxicity, side effect, and resistance to these drugs of certain species are of concern. To combat this disease, effective chemotherapy is urgently required for its treatment and management. In this study, we synthesized a series of carbohydrate-coumarin/vanillic acid hybrids linked through triazole moiety via CuACC (Copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition) reaction. These compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antiparasitic activity using MTT assay against Leishmania donovani whereas, all compounds show IC50 value in the range of 65-74 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Microbiology, India
| | - Ponkaj Saikia
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Microbiology, India
| | - Satabdi Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Diwakar Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
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Dahabiyeh LA, Nimer RM, Sumaily KM, Alabdaljabar MS, Jacob M, Sabi EM, Hussein MH, Abdel Rahman A. Metabolomics profiling distinctively identified end-stage renal disease patients from chronic kidney disease patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6161. [PMID: 37061630 PMCID: PMC10105740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33377-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious public health problem characterized by progressive kidney function loss leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that demands dialysis or kidney transplantation. Early detection can prevent or delay progression to ESRD. The study aimed to gain new insights into the perturbed biochemical reactions and to identify novel distinct biomarkers between ESRD and CKD. Serum samples of 32 patients with ESRD (n = 13) and CKD (n = 19) were analyzed using chemical isotope labeling liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics approach. A total of 193 metabolites were significantly altered in ESRD compared to CKD and were mainly involved in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) biosynthesis, taurine metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism. Three kynurenine derivatives, namely, 2-aminobenzoic acid, xanthurenic acid, and hydroxypicolinic acid were upregulated in ESRD compared to CKD due to the significant decrease in glomerular filtration rate with the progression of CKD to ESRD. N-Hydroxy-isoleucine, 2-aminobenzoic acid, and picolinic acid yielded AUC > 0.99 when analyzed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. Our findings suggest that inhibiting the kynurenine pathway might be a promising target to delay CKD progression and that metabolites with high discriminative ability might serve as potential prognostic biomarkers to monitor the progression of CKD to ESRD or used in combination with current markers to indicate the status of kidney damage better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina A Dahabiyeh
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Refat M Nimer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Khalid M Sumaily
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Laboratory Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad S Alabdaljabar
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Minnie Jacob
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essa M Sabi
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged H Hussein
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Abdel Rahman
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia.
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Silymarin and Vanillic Acid Silver Nanoparticles Alleviate the Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats. INT J POLYM SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/4120553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural copolymer (e.g., chitosan-loaded) and synthetic (e.g., silver nitrate-loaded) nanopolymers have many medical applications in drug delivery research for enhancing the effectuality of traditional medicine. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective activity of vanillic acid, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of vanillic acid, and silymarin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats. Rats were divided into five groups; the first group (G1) was a negative control, and the other rats were treated intraperitoneally with CCl4 to induce kidney toxicity twice weekly, and then divided into four groups, G2 was a positive control and left without treatment, the third group was treated with vanillic acid, the fourth (G4) was treated with vanillic acid-AgNPs, and the fifth (G5) was treated with silymarin. In G2, renal function indices (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) showed elevated levels indicating renal toxicity. Na, K, and Ca ions were decreased, whereas Cl− was increased. Antioxidants (glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reduced, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) were decreased, whereas lipid peroxidation was increased in the kidney tissue homogenate. IL1 was increased, whereas CYP-450 was decreased. In the treated group, all biochemical and renal tissue texture were alleviated as a result of treatment with vanillic acid in G3, vanillic acid AgNPs in G4, and silymarin in G5. Vanillic acid AgNPs and silymarin treatment in G4 and G5, respectively, were more efficient than vanillic acid in G5 in protecting the kidneys against CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Alamri ES, El Rabey HA, Alzahrani OR, Almutairi FM, Attia ES, Bayomy HM, Albalwi RA, Rezk SM. Enhancement of the Protective Activity of Vanillic Acid against Tetrachloro-Carbon (CCl 4) Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats by the Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs). MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238308. [PMID: 36500401 PMCID: PMC9737075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, the hepatoprotective activity of vanillic acid, silymarin, and vanillic acid-loaded silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity was tested in male rats for four weeks. Thirty male rats were divided into five groups (n = 6). The 1st group was a negative control, the 2nd group was a positive control, the 3rd group was treated with 100 mg/kg b.w. of vanillic acid, the 4th group was treated with 100 mg/kg b.w. of vanillic acid-AgNPs, and the 5th group was treated with 50 mg/kg b.w. of silymarin. The CCl4-induced hepatic toxicity in the 2nd group was revealed by the liver function and all other biochemical tests. Liver enzymes, bilirubin, lipid peroxidation, lactate dehydrogenase, and interleukin-6 were elevated, whereas, total protein, antioxidant enzymes, and irisin were decreased compared to the negative control. The hepatic tissues were also injured as a result of the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Treating the hepatotoxic rats with vanillic acid moderately protected the rats of the 3rd group, whereas treatment with vanillic AgNPs and silymarin in G4 and G5, respectively, greatly protected the rats against the CCl4 hepatotoxicity, approaching the normal biochemical levels and liver tissue appearance. The biochemical tests were confirmed by the histological investigations of liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman S. Alamri
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haddad A. El Rabey
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Fahad M. Almutairi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman S. Attia
- National Nutrition Institute, Ministry of Health, Cairo 4262114, Egypt
| | - Hala M. Bayomy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Renad A. Albalwi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar M. Rezk
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Mahalla Hepatology Teaching Hospital, El-Mahalla El-Kubra 4260010, Egypt
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Vanillic Acid Attenuates Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Enhancing NO Signaling Pathways. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221128411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe progressive disease characterized by elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and eventual progression to right heart failure and death. This study aimed to examine the effect of the natural product vanillic acid (VA) on monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH in rats. The arginase inhibitory activity and enzyme kinetic reaction of VA were also investigated. The results showed that VA could improve pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary artery vascular remodeling, and right ventricular remodeling induced by MCT in rats and reduce the degree of pulmonary tissue fibrosis. Moreover, VA downregulated the gene and protein expression levels of Hif-2α, Hif-1β, and Arg2 and increased the P-eNOS/eNOS levels, thus increasing nitric oxide (NO) levels in PAH rats. Furthermore, VA was determined to be a mixed competitive arginase inhibitor with an IC50 of 26.1 μM. In conclusion, the arginase inhibitor VA exerted protective effects on MCT-induced PAH and pulmonary vascular remodeling by enhancing NO signaling pathways.
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A M A, C M SS, Nair KR, V S A, Arumugam T, P UD, Sk K. Large Cardamom Extract Enhances Ramipril's Vasoprotective Action in the Aorta by Modulating Endothelial Redox Biology. An Evaluation based on In-silico and In-vitro Research. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2022; 18:CAD-EPUB-125708. [PMID: 35996271 DOI: 10.2174/1573409918666220820160834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms that cause a patient's blood pressure to rise are diverse. Controlling blood pressure with monotherapy acting through a single pathway may be unachievable. Combining a clinically used medication with herbal medicine can result in an antihypertensive effect that is two to five times greater than monotherapy. METHOD This study examined the effects of aqueous extracts of large cardamom and ramipril on the redox biology of nitric oxide and vascular reactivity in the isolated aorta incubated with a nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Molecular docking study was performed to predict the affinity of constituents of large cardamom extracts with the NOX 2 gene. RESULTS Nitric oxide (NO) levels, disordered antioxidant enzymes (glutathione and catalase), NADPH oxidase and lipid peroxidation were recovered when aqueous extract of large cardamom and ramipril were combined. A gradual increase in the percentage relaxation of acetylcholine in phenylephrine pre-contracted aorta indicates that the combination therapy prevents endothelial damage. The molecular docking study reveals the important phytoconstituents present in the large cardamom that can effectively bind with the NADPH oxidase for its antioxidant activity. Consculsion: According to our findings, it was evidenced that the large cardamom extract's vasoprotective action was mostly related to its ability to restore endothelial redox biology by suppressing NADPH oxidase activity. Our findings suggest that ramipril's direct impact on the eNOS/NO system, along with the antioxidant properties of AELC, could have a synergetic benefit in the treatment of hypertension, as well as lessen ramipril's existing side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritha A M
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India-682041
| | - Shakhi Shylesh C M
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India-682041
| | - Kavyanjana R Nair
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, , India-682041
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, , India-682041
| | - Arya V S
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India-682041
| | - Thennavan Arumugam
- Central Lab Animal Facility, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India-682041
| | - Uma Devi P
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India-682041
| | - Kanthlal Sk
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India-682041
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Ogunlade B, Gbotolorun SC, Adedotun OA, Iteire K, Adejayi J. Vanillic acid and vitamin C attenuated di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate-induced testicular toxicity in adult male rats. REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 2022; 3:220-230. [PMID: 35980228 PMCID: PMC9578065 DOI: 10.1530/raf-22-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is an extensively used plasticizer which has raised some concerns about its safety on human health. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of vanillic acid (VA) and vitamin C (VC) supplementation on DEHP-induced testicular toxicity. Thirty-five adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups (A-G) (n = 5) receiving distilled water; 250 mg/kg bw of DEHP only; 30 mg/kg bw of VA and 250 mg/kg bw of DEHP; 30 mg/kg bw of VC and 250 mg/kg bw of DEHP; 30 mg/kg bw of DEHP plus 30 mg/kg bw of VA and 30 mg/kg bw of VC; 30 mg/kg bw of VA only; and 30 mg/kg bw of VC only, respectively. At the end of the experiment, blood was taken from the heart via cardiac puncture and stored, semen was collected from the caudal epididymis for immediate sperm analysis, while the testes were excised and preserved for histological examination and biochemical analysis. The results showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in body weights, sperm motility, sperm volume, sperm viability and count, antioxidant levels, and reproductive hormonal levels, with a significant increase (P < 0.05) in sperm morphological defect and lipid peroxidation level in DEHP-only group compared with the control but was ameliorated after VA and VC administration compared to the DEHP-only treated animals. VA and VC supplementation attenuated the toxic effects of DEHP on the testicular functions, morphology, and semen characterization of the experimental adult male Wistar rats. Lay summary Male infertility is considered when identifiable female causes of infertility are excluded and semen quantity and quality fail to fulfil World Health Organization criteria. From conception through to adulthood, people are exposed to limitless environmental toxicants among which di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) commonly found in personal care products, cosmetics, and medical devices is prevalent. The present study elaborated on the importance of taking antioxidant-rich foods containing vitamin C and vanillic acid, such as those found in various fruits, olives, whole wheat, and cereal grains, in combating infertility caused by environmental toxicants. An experiment was carried out on rats to see the effect of vanillic acid and vitamin C supplementation on preventing DEHP-induced testicular toxicity. The testicles and semen were analyzed from five rats in each treated and control groups. The data led us to conclude that vanillic acid and vitamin C supplementation do have attenuating effects on DEHP-induced testicular toxicity, due to their high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ogunlade
- Behavioral and Aging Lab, Human Anatomy Department, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | | | - O A Adedotun
- Behavioral and Aging Lab, Human Anatomy Department, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - K Iteire
- Anatomy Department, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - J Adejayi
- Behavioral and Aging Lab, Human Anatomy Department, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Nelissen E, Possemis N, Van Goethem NP, Schepers M, Mulder-Jongen DAJ, Dietz L, Janssen W, Gerisch M, Hüser J, Sandner P, Vanmierlo T, Prickaerts J. The sGC stimulator BAY-747 and activator runcaciguat can enhance memory in vivo via differential hippocampal plasticity mechanisms. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3589. [PMID: 35246566 PMCID: PMC8897390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) requires a heme-group bound in order to produce cGMP, a second messenger involved in memory formation, while heme-free sGC is inactive. Two compound classes can increase sGC activity: sGC stimulators acting on heme-bound sGC, and sGC activators acting on heme-free sGC. In this rodent study, we investigated the potential of the novel brain-penetrant sGC stimulator BAY-747 and sGC activator runcaciguat to enhance long-term memory and attenuate short-term memory deficits induced by the NOS-inhibitor L-NAME. Furthermore, hippocampal plasticity mechanisms were investigated. In vivo, oral administration of BAY-747 and runcaciguat to male Wistar rats enhanced memory acquisition in the object location task (OLT), while only BAY-747 reversed L-NAME induced memory impairments in the OLT. Ex vivo, both BAY-747 and runcaciguat enhanced hippocampal GluA1-containing AMPA receptor (AMPAR) trafficking in a chemical LTP model for memory acquisition using acute mouse hippocampal slices. In vivo only runcaciguat acted on the glutamatergic AMPAR system in hippocampal memory acquisition processes, while for BAY-747 the effects on the neurotrophic system were more pronounced as measured in male mice using western blot. Altogether this study shows that sGC stimulators and activators have potential as cognition enhancers, while the underlying plasticity mechanisms may determine disease-specific effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis Nelissen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Nina Possemis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nick P Van Goethem
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa Schepers
- Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair Lab, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Danielle A J Mulder-Jongen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Dietz
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Wiebke Janssen
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michael Gerisch
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jörg Hüser
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Peter Sandner
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair Lab, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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17
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Myint O, Wattanapongpitak S, Kothan S, Udomtanakunchai C, Tima S, Tungjai M. Modulation of p-glycoprotein-mediated efflux pirarubicin in living multidrug-resistant K562/Dox cell lines by 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid via impairment of the cellular energetic state. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1443-1451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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18
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Kemsawasd V, Chaikham P. Alteration of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidative Properties in Thermal, Ultra-High Pressure and Ultrasound Treated Maoberry (Antidesma Bunius L.) Juice during Refrigerated Storage. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.9.3.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Maoberry (Antidesma bunius L.) is a tropical fruit locally referred to as “Mao-Luang” in Thailand. The fruit contains high amounts of ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds with antioxidative potential, which has demonstrated medicinal value in terms of anti-cancer and anti-diabetic effects. In this term, this research purposed to determine the changes of predominant bioactive phytochemicals, antioxidant capacity and microbiological quality of pasteurized (85ºC/1 min), pressurized (500 and 600 MPa/30ºC/30 min), and ultra-sonicated (20 kHz/60% and 80% amplitude/30 min) maoberry juices during storage at 4°C for 30 days. The results displayed that ascorbic acid, phenolic acids (gallic and vanillic acids), anthocyanins (cyanidin 3-o-glucoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside), flavonoids [(+)-catechin and (˗)-epicatechin), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) radical inhibition and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value in pressurized and ultra-sonicated juices displayed higher reduction rate during storage than those in pasteurized juice. Nevertheless, at the final stage of storage, both juices still contained higher levels of antioxidant compounds and properties than in thermally treated juice. All the treated samples were shown to reduce initial microbial load of fresh maoberry juice to a non-detectable amount, while maintaining their quality during prolonged refrigerated storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varongsiri Kemsawasd
- 1Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom Campus, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pittaya Chaikham
- 2Faculty of Science and Technology, Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat University, Phranakhon Si Ayutthay, Thailand
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Ferreira SDS, Silva DPD, Torres-Rêgo M, Silva-Júnior AAD, Fernandes-Pedrosa MDF. The potential of phenolic acids in therapy against snakebites: A review. Toxicon 2021; 208:1-12. [PMID: 34979199 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ophidism is a serious health problem worldwide and is included in the World Health Organization's (WHO's) list of Neglected Tropical Diseases. Although snakebite envenoming requires emergency treatment, currently the only treatment recommended by WHO is serotherapy, which has some disadvantages such as low access to the rural population, low effectiveness in neutralizing local effects, and high cost. In this context, new alternatives for the treatment of snakebites are required. The use of plant-derived compounds to inhibit the effects caused by snake venoms has been the object of a number of studies in recent years. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the use of phenolic acids with therapeutic application against envenomation by snakes of different species. In this sense, structural analysis in silico and biological activities in vivo and in vitro were reported. The acids were subdivided into derivatives of benzoic and cinnamic acids, with derivatives of cinnamic acids being the most studied. Studies have revealed that these compounds are capable of inhibiting local and systemic effects induced by envenomation, and structural analyses indicate that the acids interact with important sites responsible for the action of toxins. Thus, it was reported that phenolic acids showed antiophidic potential, providing insights for future research to develop complementary drugs for the treatment of snakebites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah de Sousa Ferreira
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal, 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Diana Pontes da Silva
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal, 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Manoela Torres-Rêgo
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal, 59012-570, Brazil; Graduate Program of Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenue Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, 59072-970, Brazil.
| | - Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal, 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal, 59012-570, Brazil.
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Akbar S, Ishtiaq S, Jahangir M, Elhady SS, Bogari HA, Alahdal AM, Ashour ML, Youssef FS. Evaluation of The Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anticancer Activities of Dicliptera bupleuroides Isolated Compounds Using In Vitro and In Silico Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237196. [PMID: 34885777 PMCID: PMC8659019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of chloroform fraction (DBC) and ethyl acetate fraction (DBE) of D. bupleuroides (Acanthaceae) resulted in the isolation of β-sitosterol (1) from DBC and vanillic acid (2) from DBE, which were first to be isolated from D. bupleuroides. β-Sitosterol (1) exhibited substantial antioxidant activity (IC50 = 198.87 µg/mL), whereas vanillic acid (2) showed significant antioxidant power (IC50 = 92.68 µg/mL) employing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) radical scavenging capacity assay. Both compounds showed pronounced antimicrobial activity using the agar disc diffusion method, particularly against fungi showing MIC values of 0.182 and 0.02 concerning Candida albicans, respectively, and 0.001 mg/mL regarding Penicillium notatum. They revealed considerable antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging between 0.467 and 0.809 mg/mL. Vanillic acid (2) exhibited substantial anticancer potential displaying 48.67% cell viability at a concentration of 100 μg/mL using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyl-2H-Tetrazolium Bromide) assay concerning HepG2 cell lines. These results were further consolidated by in silico studies on different enzymes, where vanillic acid displayed a high fitting score in the active pockets of DNA-gyrase, dihydrofolate reductase, aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase, and β-lactamase. It also inhibited human cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK-2) and DNA topoisomerase II, as revealed by the in silico studies. ADME/TOPKAT (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) prediction showed that vanillic acid exhibited reasonable pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity properties and, thus, could perfectly together with D. bupleuroides crude extract be incorporated in pharmaceutical preparations to counteract cancer and microbial invasion, as well as oxidative stress. Thus, it is concluded that D. bupleroides could be a potential source of therapeutically active compounds, which would be helpful for the discovery of clinically effective and safe drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehla Akbar
- Department of Pharmacy, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 05422, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (S.I.); (M.L.A.)
| | - Saiqa Ishtiaq
- Department of Pharmacy, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 05422, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (S.I.); (M.L.A.)
| | - Muhammad Jahangir
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Sameh S. Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hanin A. Bogari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.B.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Abdelrahman M. Alahdal
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.B.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Mohamed L. Ashour
- Pharmacy Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (S.I.); (M.L.A.)
| | - Fadia S. Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
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21
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Obydah WO, Shaker GA, Samir SM, El Bassiony SF, Abd El Moneim HA. Effect of vanillic acid and exercise training on fatty liver and insulin resistance in rats: Possible role of fibroblast growth factor 21 and autophagy. Physiol Int 2021; 108:412-426. [PMID: 34813496 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2021.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has been alarmingly increased with no lines of effective treatment. Vanillic acid is a naturally occurring polyphenol with promising therapeutic effects. Exercise is well known to be an effective tool against obesity and its consequences. Thus, we aim to study the effect of vanillic acid alone and along with exercise on fatty liver induced by a high-fat diet in a rat model and to investigate possible novel mechanisms involved in their action. METHODS In this study, 40 male rats were divided equally into five groups: control (standard chow diet), HFD (high-fat diet), HFD+VA (HFD+ vanillic acid (50 mg/kg/day orally), HFD+EX (HFD+ swimming exercise 5 days/week), HFD+VA+EX (HFD+ vanillic acid+ swimming exercise) for eight weeks. RESULTS Body mass, liver weight, liver enzymes, cholesterol, and triglycerides were significantly decreased in the combined VA+EX group, with marked improvement in hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and consequently HOMA-IR index compared to the HFD group. These improvements were also reflected in the pathological view. VA and swimming, either solely or in combination, markedly increased hepatic and circulating fibroblast growth factor 21. Additionally, VA and swimming increased the immunohistochemical expression of the autophagosomal marker LC3 and decreased the expression of P62, which is selectively degraded during autophagy. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the hepatoprotective effect of VA and swimming exercise against fatty liver and the involvement of FGF21 and autophagy in their effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa O Obydah
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Gehan A Shaker
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Shereen M Samir
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Soheir F El Bassiony
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
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22
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Dos Santos RB, de C Oliveira LV, Sena EP, de Sousa DP, Maia Filho ALM, Soriano RN, da S Lopes L, Branco LGS, de Oliveira AP, Salgado HC, Sabino JPJ. Acute autonomic effects of rose oxide on cardiovascular parameters of Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2021; 287:120107. [PMID: 34717911 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Anti-inflammatory molecules, such as rose oxide (RO), are likely to exert therapeutic effects in systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), a disease associated with abnormal immune responses. We aimed to investigate acute autonomic effects of RO on hemodynamic parameters of Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS Rats were anesthetized and femoral artery and veins were cannulated. Next day, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded. Acute effects of RO (1.25, 2.5, or 5.0 mg/kg; iv) on BP, HR, and variability of systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and pulse interval (PI) were assessed. The effects of RO were also investigated in SHR, which received atropine (2 mg/kg), propranolol (4 mg/kg), or hexamethonium (20 mg/kg) 15 min before receiving RO. Vasorelaxant effects of RO (10-10 to 10-4 M) on aortic rings of rats were also assessed. KEY FINDINGS In Wistar rats, none of the RO doses evoked significant changes in BP, HR, and variability of SAP and PI. On the other hand, in SHR, RO elicited reduction in mean arterial pressure (MAP), and prevented the increase in the low frequency power (LF) of the SAP spectra. Pretreatment with atropine or propranolol did not alter hypotension, but attenuated RO-induced bradycardia. Hexamethonium prevented RO-induced hypotension and bradycardia. RO exerted vasorelaxant effects on aortic rings with (Wistar and SHR) or without functional endothelium (SHR only). SIGNIFICANCE Rose oxide, a monoterpene with anti-inflammatory properties, acts as an antihypertensive molecule due to its ability to acutely promote hypotension and bradycardia in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo B Dos Santos
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Lucas V de C Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Emerson P Sena
- Research Center for Medicinal Plants, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Damião P de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Renato Nery Soriano
- Division of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Basic Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciano da S Lopes
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Luiz G S Branco
- Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Helio C Salgado
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - João Paulo J Sabino
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
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Saqib F, Ali A, Ahmedah HT, Irimie CA, Toma SI, Popovici BE, Moga M, Irimie M. Cardioprotective, hypotensive and toxicological studies of Populus ciliata (Wall. ex Royle). Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112065. [PMID: 34449312 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Populus ciliata Wall ex. Royle has folkloric repute to treat various cardiovascular ailments and related disorders. The current study was designed to evaluate the toxic profile, cardioprotective and hypotensive effects of Populus ciliata (Wall. ex Royle). Populus ciliata crude ethanolic extract (Pc. Cr) and its aqueous (Pc. Aq) & organic (Pc. Dcm) fractions were tested on isolated aorta of rat and rabbit having intact and non-intact endothelium respectively. Pc. Cr & Pc. Aq relaxed the contractions induced by PE (1 µM)-induced and K+ (80 mM)-induced on aorta, possibly by mediating endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDRF) in intact endothelium and voltage dependent L-type calcium channels blocking (CCB) mechanism in non-intact endothelium. Pc. Cr showed anti-hypertensive & cardioprotective activity by decreasing force of contraction & heart rate on isolated rabbit paired atria and reduced blood pressure in anesthetized rat. Cardioprotective effect of Pc. Cr was assessed in isoproterenol induced acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in Sprague Dawley rats. In LVH, Pc. Cr exerted positive effects by decreasing angiotensin II & renin and increasing cGMP & nitric oxide (NO) with reduced cardiac fibrosis, necrosis and cardiac cell size. In AMI, Pc. Cr responded effectively by decreasing cardiac markers creatinine kinase (CK), creatinine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) in blood associated with less edema and necrosis. Presence of catechin, vinallic acid, P-coumeric acid and quercitin identified through HPLC support the effectiveness of Pc. Cr in hypertension, AMI and LVH. Pc. Cr showed no significant adverse effects in Sprague Dawley albino rats after acute & sub-acute treatment in histopathological investigation. Extract of Populus ciliata showed vasorelaxant, hypotensive and cardioprotective effect in Sprague Dawley albino rats and white albino rabbit by mediating EDRF and voltage dependent L-type CCB mechanism respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Hanadi Talal Ahmedah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 25732, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | | | - Marius Moga
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania.
| | - Marius Irimie
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania.
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S K, V A, Paul-Prasanth B, M V, A RS, P UD. Aqueous extract of large cardamom inhibits vascular damage, oxidative stress, and metabolic changes in fructose-fed hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 43:622-632. [PMID: 34281445 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.1925682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since metabolic abnormalities such as elevated glucose level and imbalanced lipid profiles increase the risk for hypertension and cause endothelial dysfunction, we evaluated the effect of aqueous extract of large cardamom (AELC) on fructose-induced metabolic hypertension and oxidative stress. METHODS The male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups with 5 rats in each group, and each group was fed with 10% fructose in drinking water for 8 weeks. Starting from week 5, animals were treated with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day AELC or Losartan (10 mg/kg/day). Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure was measured once in every seven days using the tail-cuff method. Vascular function, plasma nitric oxide (NO), glucose, lipid profiles, serum biochemical, and anti-oxidant parameters were also evaluated. RESULTS Rats fed with fructose showed higher blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, but decreased in the AELC or Losartan treatment group. Treatments with AELC prevented exaggerated plasma glucose and oxidative stress and restored the nitric oxide level in fructose-fed rats. Besides, it also reduced vascular proliferation and improved the relaxation response of acetylcholine in the aorta pre-contracted with phenylephrine. CONCLUSION In summary, the obtained results suggest that AELC can prevent and reverse the high blood pressure induced by fructose, probably by restoring nitric oxide level and by improving altered metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanthlal S
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Arya V
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Vijayakumar M
- Department. Of Cardiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
| | - Rema Shree A
- Spices Board of India, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Govt. of India, Sugandha Bhavan, Palarivattom, Cochin, India
| | - Uma Devi P
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Fais A, Delogu GL, Floris S, Era B, Medda R, Pintus F. Euphorbia characias: Phytochemistry and Biological Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1468. [PMID: 34371671 PMCID: PMC8309316 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to summarize all the compounds identified and characterized from Euphorbia characias, along with the biological activities reported for this plant. Euphorbia is one of the greatest genera in the spurge family of Euphorbiaceae and includes different kinds of plants characterized by the presence of milky latex. Among them, the species Euphorbia characias L. is an evergreen perennial shrub widely distributed in Mediterranean countries. E. characias latex and extracts from different parts of the plant have been extensively studied, leading to the identification of several chemical components such as terpenoids, sterol hydrocarbons, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, cerebrosides and phenolic and carboxylic acids. The biological properties range between antioxidant activities, antimicrobial, antiviral and pesticidal activities, wound-healing properties, anti-aging and hypoglycemic properties and inhibitory activities toward target enzymes related to different diseases, such as cholinesterases and xanthine oxidase. The information available in this review allows us to consider the plant E. characias as a potential source of compounds for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rosaria Medda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.F.); (G.L.D.); (S.F.); (B.E.); (F.P.)
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Sharma N, Khurana N, Muthuraman A, Utreja P. Pharmacological evaluation of vanillic acid in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease rat model. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 903:174112. [PMID: 33901458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the anti-Parkinson's effect of vanillic acid (VA) (12 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg p.o.) against rotenone (2 mg/kg s.c.) induced Parkinson's disease (PD) in rats. The continuous administration of rotenone for 35 days resulted in rigidity in muscles, catalepsy, and decrease in locomotor activity, body weight, and rearing behaviour along with the generation of oxidative stress in the brain (rise in the TBARS, and SAG level and reduced CAT, and GSH levels). Co-treatment of VA and levodopa-carbidopa (100 mg/kg + 25 mg/kg p.o.) lead to a significant (P < 0.001) reduction in the muscle rigidity and catalepsy along with a significant (P < 0.001) increase in body weight, rearing behaviour, locomotion and muscle activity as compared to the rotenone-treated group in the dose dependent manner, showing maximum effect at the 50 mg/kg. It also showed reversal of levels of oxidative stress parameters thus, reducing the neuronal oxidative stress. The level of DA was also estimated which showed an increase in the level of DA in the VA plus standard drug treated animals as compared to rotenone treated group. Histopathological evaluation showed a high number of eosinophilic lesions in the rotenone group which were found to be very less in the VA co-treated group. The study thus proved that co-treatment of VA and levodopa-carbidopa, significantly protected the brain from neuronal damage due to oxidative stress and attenuated the motor defects indicating the possible therapeutic potential of VA as a neuroprotective in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144 411, India; Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education, Gursagar Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, Punjab, 148 001, India; Research Scholar, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, 144 603, India
| | - Navneet Khurana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144 411, India
| | - Arunachalam Muthuraman
- Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education, Gursagar Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, Punjab, 148 001, India; Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology, Malaysia
| | - Puneet Utreja
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PCTE Group of Institutes, Ludhiana, Punjab, 142 021, India.
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Drishya S, Dhanisha SS, Guruvayoorappan C. Antioxidant-rich fraction of Amomum subulatum fruits mitigates experimental methotrexate-induced oxidative stress by regulating TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 proinflammatory cytokines. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13855. [PMID: 34250612 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The culinary spice Amomum subulatum was assessed for its phytochemical composition, in vitro antioxidant potential, and in vivo ameliorating effect against methotrexate (MTX)-induced toxicities. Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of A. subulatum dry fruits (MEAS) confirmed the presence of different bioactive secondary metabolites. MEAS scavenged reactive free radicals and inhibited lipid peroxidation in vitro. To confirm the antioxidant efficiency of MEAS, in vivo experiment was carried out in which MTX was administered to induce oxidative stress. Co-administration of MEAS reduced MTX-induced hepatic, renal, and pulmonary toxicities via significantly (p < .01) enhancing antioxidant status and reducing oxidative stress. MTX treatment significantly (p < .01) increased liver and kidney toxicity markers and increased proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) levels. However, co-administration of MEAS significantly (p < .01) reduced their levels, and tissue histopathology confirmed the protective effect of MEAS in maintaining normal tissue architecture following MTX treatment. Protective effect of MEAS is accredited to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties exhibited by bioactive compounds in MEAS. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Amomum subulatum (Black cardamom) is a folkloric and culinary spice used for its organoleptic, nutritional, and medicinal properties. This study demonstrated the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of A. subulatum dry fruits (MEAS). Toxicities associated with MTX therapy limit its clinical application. MEAS attenuated methotrexate-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and associated organ damages, suggesting the possible therapeutic application of A. subulatum in reducing oxidative stress and associated diseases. Our results showed that A. subulatum is a potential functional food, which may be used for the betterment of health due to its richness in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarsanan Drishya
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Campus (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Suresh Sulekha Dhanisha
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Campus (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Chandrasekharan Guruvayoorappan
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Campus (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Ahmadi N, Mirazi N, Komaki A, Safari S, Hosseini A. Vanillic acid attenuates amyloid β1-40-induced long-term potentiation deficit in male rats: an in vivo investigation. Neurol Res 2021; 43:562-569. [PMID: 33627050 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1893565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorderliness that involves deductible progressive cognition function caused by amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide accumulation in the interstitial space. The increase of Aβ stimulates all kinds of active oxygen and causes oxidative stress and apoptosis. In this investigation, we researched the neuroprotective impacts of vanillic acid (VA) on the Aβ-induced (Aβ1-40) long-term potentiation (LTP) of the hippocampus - a commonly probed synaptic plasticity model that happens at the same time as memory and learning - in the AD rats.Methods: Forty-five male Wistar rats were categorized into five groups (n = 8 rats/group, 200-220 g), and studied as control (standard diet), sham (vehicle), VA (50 mg/kg), Aβ and Aβ + VA (50 mg/kg) groups. In vivo electrophysiological recordings were implemented after the stereotaxic surgery to gauge the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) slope and population spike (PS) amplitude in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. By the stimulation at high-frequency of the perforate pathway, long-term potentiation (LTP) was induced. To assess the plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total thiol group (TTG), blood samples were garnered.Results: In the Aβ-injected rats, EPSP slope, and PS amplitude were significantly reduced after the induction of LTP. Thus, the findings demonstrate that VA decreases the impacts of Aβ on LTP; also, the treatments through VA neuroprotective against the negative effects of Aβ on the synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus can decrease the MDA levels and also increase the TTG levels significantly.Discussion: Therefore, based on this experiment on male rats, VA has neuroprotective effects and antioxidants benefits against the Aβ-mediated inhibition of long-term potentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesa Ahmadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Naser Mirazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Safari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Hosseini
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Contardi M, Lenzuni M, Fiorentini F, Summa M, Bertorelli R, Suarato G, Athanassiou A. Hydroxycinnamic Acids and Derivatives Formulations for Skin Damages and Disorders: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:999. [PMID: 34371691 PMCID: PMC8309026 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations of skin homeostasis are widely diffused in our everyday life both due to accidental injuries, such as wounds and burns, and physiological conditions, such as late-stage diabetes, dermatitis, or psoriasis. These events are locally characterized by an intense inflammatory response, a high generation of harmful free radicals, or an impairment in the immune response regulation, which can profoundly change the skin tissue' repair process, vulnerability, and functionality. Moreover, diabetes diffusion, antibiotic resistance, and abuse of aggressive soaps and disinfectants following the COVID-19 emergency could be causes for the future spreading of skin disorders. In the last years, hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives have been investigated and applied in several research fields for their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial activities. First, in this study, we give an overview of these natural molecules' current source and applications. Afterwards, we review their potential role as valid alternatives to the current therapies, supporting the management and rebalancing of skin disorders and diseases at different levels. Also, we will introduce the recent advances in the design of biomaterials loaded with these phenolic compounds, specifically suitable for skin disorders treatments. Lastly, we will suggest future perspectives for introducing hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives in treating skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Contardi
- Smart Materials, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.L.); (F.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Martina Lenzuni
- Smart Materials, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.L.); (F.F.); (G.S.)
- DIBRIS, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fiorentini
- Smart Materials, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.L.); (F.F.); (G.S.)
- DIBRIS, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Summa
- Translational Pharmacology, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Rosalia Bertorelli
- Translational Pharmacology, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Giulia Suarato
- Smart Materials, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.L.); (F.F.); (G.S.)
- Translational Pharmacology, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Athanassia Athanassiou
- Smart Materials, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.L.); (F.F.); (G.S.)
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Kumar SPJ, Chintagunta AD, Reddy YM, Kumar A, Agarwal DK, Pal G, Simal-Gandara J. Application of Phenolic Extraction Strategies and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Peanut Skins as an Agricultural By-product for Food Industry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nephroprotective effect of Vanillic acid in STZ-induced diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:571-582. [PMID: 34222078 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the protective effect of vanillic acid (VA) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rats. Methods Experimental diabetes mellitus in rats was induced by intraperitoneally administration of single dose of STZ (55 mg/kg). The animals were divided into 5 groups viz., normal control, diabetic control, glimepiride (0.5 mg/kg, orally) and VA treatment (50 and 100 mg/kg, orally) groups. The treatment was started after the confirmation of hyperglycemia (> 250 mg/dl) and continued for 6 weeks. Serum glucose level, and body weight were measured weekly. At the end of study, HbA1c in whole blood, insulin, lipid profile, urea, creatinine and albumin in serum. Creatinine and albumin were measured in urine along with creatinine clearance. In addition, kidney weight and histopathology were assessed. Results Treatment with VA markedly attenuated STZ-induced body weight loss and hyperglycemia, along with improved lipid profile and HbA1c, without significant alteration of serum insulin levels. It also decreased urea, creatinine and increased albumin in serum. Moreover, VA, significantly reduced urine volume, urinary albumin along with marked improvement in creatinine clearance. Further, the VA treatment significantly reverse the raised levels of oxidative stress markers, pro-inflammatory and fibrotic markers viz. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β1 and NFκB activity in kidney tissue. These effects are associated with amelioration of histopathological alterations compared to diabetic control rats. While glimepiride produced similar antihyperglycemic effect but the effect on albuminuria, oxidative stress markers and cytokine levels were less significant as compared to VA (100 mg/kg). Conclusions In conclusion, VA exhibited nephroprotective effect through amelioration of kidney dysfunction and damage in diabetic rats. The observed nephroprotective effect of VA may be ascribed to inhibition of hyperglycemia induced oxido-inflammatory stress and necroptosis of renal tissue possibly due to its antihyperglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.
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Simonetti A, Perna A, Grassi G, Gambacorta E. In vitro phenols bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of goat milk yogurt fortified with Rhus coriaria leaf powder. J Food Sci 2021; 86:1400-1409. [PMID: 33761134 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Goat yogurt samples fortified with 20% (w/v) Rhus coriaria leaf powder were in vitro digested in order to evaluate the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA), and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds in the digestate. After digestion, TPC and AA values of the R. coriaria-fortified yogurts increased compared to the undigested yogurts (P < 0.001). In particular, TPC has increased about twice; whereas, AA values have increased about 10 and 6 times, for ABTS and FRAP assays, respectively. The bioaccessibility index was well above the 100% for all identified phenols; except for (-)-epicatechin (82.04%), rutin (51.51%), and gallic acid (5.42%). This different behavior highlighted that the bioaccessibility was modulated by both the yogurt-polyphenol complexes and phenol stability under digestion system. These findings can contribute to elucidate the influence of in vitro digestion on antioxidant capacity and polyphenols recovery infortified yogurts, and may help in the design of dairy products with better functional quality PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac) is a polyphenol-rich Mediterranean plant that may be used as functional ingredient to enrich fermented food such as yogurt. However, in fortified yogurts the evaluation of bioaccessibility, that is, the compounds released from the yogurt and stable in the digestive environment, thus able to exert their biological effects on the gastrointestinal system, is more important than the content of these compounds in the corresponding food. This study highlighted the phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds in goat milk yogurt fortified with R. coriaria leaf powder after simulated gastro-pancreatic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Simonetti
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'AteneoLucano, Potenza, 10-85100, Italy
| | - Annamaria Perna
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'AteneoLucano, Potenza, 10-85100, Italy
| | - Giulia Grassi
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'AteneoLucano, Potenza, 10-85100, Italy
| | - Emilio Gambacorta
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'AteneoLucano, Potenza, 10-85100, Italy
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Comparative Study of Metabolite Changes After Antihypertensive Therapy With Calcium Channel Blockers or Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor Blockers. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:228-237. [PMID: 33235029 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The high prevalence of hypertension contributes to an increased global burden of cardiovascular diseases. Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and angiotensin type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) are the most widely used antihypertensive drugs, and the effects of these drugs on serum metabolites remain unknown. Untargeted metabolomics has been proved to be a powerful approach for the detection of biomarkers and new compounds. In this study, we aimed to determine the changes in metabolites after single-drug therapy with a CCB or ARB in patients newly diagnosed with mild to moderate primary hypertension. We enrolled 33 patients and used an untargeted metabolomics approach to measure 625 metabolites associated with the response to a 4-week treatment of antihypertensive drugs. After screening based on P < 0.05, fold change > 1.2 or fold change < 0.83, and variable importance in projection > 1, 63 differential metabolites were collected. Four metabolic pathways-cysteine and methionine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism-were identified in participants treated with ARBs. Only taurine and hypotaurine metabolism were identified in participants treated with CCBs. Furthermore, homocitrulline and glucosamine-6-phosphate were relevant to whether the blood pressure reduction achieved the target blood pressure (P < 0.05). Our study provides some evidence that changes in certain metabolites may be a potential marker for the dynamic monitoring of the protective effects and side effects of antihypertensive drugs.
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Ullah R, Ikram M, Park TJ, Ahmad R, Saeed K, Alam SI, Rehman IU, Khan A, Khan I, Jo MG, Kim MO. Vanillic Acid, a Bioactive Phenolic Compound, Counteracts LPS-Induced Neurotoxicity by Regulating c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase in Mouse Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010361. [PMID: 33396372 PMCID: PMC7795830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a pattern recognition receptor signaling event, has been associated with several human illnesses, including neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Vanillic acid (V.A), a flavoring agent, is a benzoic acid derivative having a broad range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of V.A in exerting neuroprotection are not well investigated. The present study aims to explore the neuroprotective effects of V.A against lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation, amyloidogenesis, synaptic/memory dysfunction, and neurodegeneration in mice brain. Behavioral tests and biochemical and immunofluorescence assays were applied. Our results indicated increased expression of RAGE and its downstream phospho-c-Jun n-terminal kinase (p-JNK) in the LPS-alone treated group, which was significantly reduced in the V.A + LPS co-treated group. We also found that systemic administration of LPS-injection induced glial cells (microglia and astrocytes) activation and significantly increased expression level of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-KB) and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 β (IL1-β), and cyclooxygenase (COX-2). However, V.A + LPS co-treatment significantly inhibited the LPS-induced activation of glial cells and neuroinflammatory mediators. Moreover, we also noted that V.A treatment significantly attenuated LPS-induced increases in the expression of AD markers, such as β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP)–cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and amyloid-β (Aβ). Furthermore, V.A treatment significantly reversed LPS-induced synaptic loss via enhancing the expression level of pre- and post-synaptic markers (PSD-95 and SYP), and improved memory performance in LPS-alone treated group. Taken together; we suggest that neuroprotective effects of V.A against LPS-induced neurotoxicity might be via inhibition of LPS/RAGE mediated JNK signaling pathway; and encourage future studies that V.A would be a potential neuroprotective and neurotherapeutic candidate in various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Ullah
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (R.U.); (M.I.); (R.A.); (K.S.); (S.I.A.); (I.U.R.); (A.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.J.)
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (R.U.); (M.I.); (R.A.); (K.S.); (S.I.A.); (I.U.R.); (A.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.J.)
| | - Tae Ju Park
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences (MVLS), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12OZD, UK;
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (R.U.); (M.I.); (R.A.); (K.S.); (S.I.A.); (I.U.R.); (A.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.J.)
| | - Kamran Saeed
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (R.U.); (M.I.); (R.A.); (K.S.); (S.I.A.); (I.U.R.); (A.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.J.)
| | - Sayed Ibrar Alam
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (R.U.); (M.I.); (R.A.); (K.S.); (S.I.A.); (I.U.R.); (A.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.J.)
| | - Inayat Ur Rehman
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (R.U.); (M.I.); (R.A.); (K.S.); (S.I.A.); (I.U.R.); (A.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.J.)
| | - Amjad Khan
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (R.U.); (M.I.); (R.A.); (K.S.); (S.I.A.); (I.U.R.); (A.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.J.)
| | - Ibrahim Khan
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (R.U.); (M.I.); (R.A.); (K.S.); (S.I.A.); (I.U.R.); (A.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.J.)
| | - Min Gi Jo
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (R.U.); (M.I.); (R.A.); (K.S.); (S.I.A.); (I.U.R.); (A.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.J.)
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (R.U.); (M.I.); (R.A.); (K.S.); (S.I.A.); (I.U.R.); (A.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-1345; Fax: +82-55-772-2656
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Jubaidi FF, Zainalabidin S, Mariappan V, Budin SB. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: The Possible Therapeutic Roles of Phenolic Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176043. [PMID: 32842567 PMCID: PMC7503847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the powerhouse of the cells, mitochondria play a very important role in ensuring that cells continue to function. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main factors contributing to the development of cardiomyopathy in diabetes mellitus. In early development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), patients present with myocardial fibrosis, dysfunctional remodeling and diastolic dysfunction, which later develop into systolic dysfunction and eventually heart failure. Cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the development and progression of DCM. Thus, it is important to develop novel therapeutics in order to prevent the progression of DCM, especially by targeting mitochondrial dysfunction. To date, a number of studies have reported the potential of phenolic acids in exerting the cardioprotective effect by combating mitochondrial dysfunction, implicating its potential to be adopted in DCM therapies. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide a concise overview of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of DCM and the potential role of phenolic acids in combating cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. Such information can be used for future development of phenolic acids as means of treating DCM by alleviating the cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Farhana Jubaidi
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies (CODTIS), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.Z.); (V.M.)
| | - Vanitha Mariappan
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.Z.); (V.M.)
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies (CODTIS), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-9289-7645
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Daliri EBM, Ofosu FK, Chelliah R, Kim JH, Kim JR, Yoo D, Oh DH. Untargeted Metabolomics of Fermented Rice Using UHPLC Q-TOF MS/MS Reveals an Abundance of Potential Antihypertensive Compounds. Foods 2020; 9:foods9081007. [PMID: 32726971 PMCID: PMC7466378 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzyme treatment and fermentation of cereals are known processes that enhance the release of bound bioactive compounds to make them available for bioactivity. In this study, we tested the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory ability of destarched rice, Prozyme 2000p treated destarched rice (DP), and fermented DP samples. Prozyme 2000p treatment increased the ACE inhibitory ability from 15 ± 5% to 45 ± 3%. Fermentation of the Prozyme 2000p treated samples with Enterococcus faecium EBD1 significantly increased the ACE inhibitory ability to 75 ± 5%, while captopril showed an ACE inhibition of 92 ± 4%. An untargeted metabolomics approach using Ultra-high-performance liquid tandem chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry revealed the abundance of vitamins, phenolic compounds, antioxidant peptides, DPP IV inhibitory peptides, and antihypertensive peptides in the fermented samples which may account for its strong ACE inhibition. Although fermented DP had decreased fatty acid levels, the amount of essential amino acid improved drastically compared to destarched rice. Our results show that fermenting Prozyme-treated destarched rice with Enterococcus faecium EBD1 generates abundant bioactive compounds necessary for developing antihypertensive functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea; (E.B.-M.D.); (F.K.O.); (R.C.); (J.-R.K.); (D.Y.)
| | - Fred Kwame Ofosu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea; (E.B.-M.D.); (F.K.O.); (R.C.); (J.-R.K.); (D.Y.)
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea; (E.B.-M.D.); (F.K.O.); (R.C.); (J.-R.K.); (D.Y.)
| | - Joong-Hark Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea;
- R&D, Erom, Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24427, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Jong-Rae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea; (E.B.-M.D.); (F.K.O.); (R.C.); (J.-R.K.); (D.Y.)
- R&D, Hanmi Natural Nutrition Co., LTD 44-20, Tongil-ro 1888 beon-gil, Munsan, Paju 10808, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Daesang Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea; (E.B.-M.D.); (F.K.O.); (R.C.); (J.-R.K.); (D.Y.)
- R&D, H-FOOD, 108-66, 390 gil, Jingun Oh Nam-Ro, Nam Yang, Ju-Shi 12041, Gyung Gi-Do, Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea; (E.B.-M.D.); (F.K.O.); (R.C.); (J.-R.K.); (D.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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Adedapo ADA, Ajayi AM, Ekwunife NL, Falayi OO, Oyagbemi A, Omobowale TO, Adedapo AA. Antihypertensive effect of Phragmanthera incana (Schum) Balle on NG-nitro-L-Arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induced hypertensive rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:112888. [PMID: 32311480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phragmanthera incana (Schum) Balle is a member of the African mistletoes that has been reported to be used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of hypertension. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the antihypertensive effect of Phragmanthera incana leaf ethanol extract (PILEE) in NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical analysis of PILEE was determined using the Gas chromatography - Mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) method. Antihypertensive activity was investigated in rats that received PILEE (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) or captopril (40 mg/kg) daily for 28 days together with oral administration of L-NAME (40 mg/kg). Blood pressure parameters were measured on day 7, 14, 21 and 28. Blood was obtained for determination of serum nitrite, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor, TNF-α. The heart, liver and kidneys were used to determine oxidative stress indices (malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and catalase). The cardiac tissue was processed for histopathological changes. RESULTS The GC-MS profiling of PILEE identified 20 compounds namely fatty acid esters. Administration of PILEE (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) dose dependently and significantly reduced systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in hypertensive rats. PILEE administration significantly (p < 0.05) reversed elevated IL-6 and TNF-α in hypertensive rats. PILEE demonstrated antioxidant activity by attenuating L-NAME-induced elevated malondialdehyde and depletion of reduced glutathione and catalase activity in rat tissues. PILEE treatment demonstrated cardioprotective effect in L-NAME-induced cardiac hyperplasia and necrosis in rats. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that Phragmanthera incana leaf ethanol extract possess antihypertensive, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting a protective role in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aduragbenro D A Adedapo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Nancy Losie Ekwunife
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Olufunke O Falayi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Ademola Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Adeolu A Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
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Salau VF, Erukainure OL, Ibeji CU, Olasehinde TA, Koorbanally NA, Islam MS. Vanillin and vanillic acid modulate antioxidant defense system via amelioration of metabolic complications linked to Fe 2+-induced brain tissues damage. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:727-738. [PMID: 32065337 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00545-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of phenolics on neurodegenerative diseases has been attributed to their potent antioxidant properties. In the present study, the neuroprotective activities of vanillin and vanillic acid were investigated in Fe2+- induced oxidative toxicity in brain tissues by investigating their therapeutic effects on oxidative imbalance, cholinergic and nucleotide-hydrolyzing enzymes activities, dysregulated metabolic pathways. Their cytotoxicity was investigated in hippocampal neuronal cell lines (HT22). The reduced glutathione level, SOD and catalase activities were ameliorated in tissues treated with the phenolics, with concomitant depletion of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels. They inhibited acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities, while concomitantly elevated ATPase activity. Treatment with vanillin led to restoration of oxidative-depleted metabolites and reactivation of the pentose phosphate and purine metabolism pathways, with concomitant activation of pathways for histidine and selenoamino metabolisms. While vanillic acid restored and reactivated oxidative-depleted metabolites and pathways but did not activate any additional pathway. Both phenolics portrayed good binding affinity for catalase, with vanillic acid having the higher binding energy of -7.0 kcal/mol. Both phenolics were not cytotoxic on HT22 cells, and their toxicity class were predicted to be 4. Only vanillin was predicted to be permeable across the blood brain barrier (BBB). These results insinuate that vanillin and vanillic acid confer a neuroprotective effect on oxidative brain damage, when vanillin being the most potent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica F Salau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Veritas University, Bwari, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Collins U Ibeji
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Tosin A Olasehinde
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa
| | - Neil A Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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Lobine D, Ahmed S, Aschner M, Khan H, Mirzaei H, Mahomoodally MF. Antiurolithiatic effects of pentacyclic triterpenes: The distance traveled from therapeutic aspects. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:671-684. [PMID: 32314397 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Globally, approximately 12% of the population is inflicted by various types of urolithiasis. Standard treatments are available both to avert and treat urolithiasis, but with significant adverse side effects. Pentacyclic triterpenes represent a group of naturally occurring compounds which holds immense potential as therapeutic for treating kidney stone. This review aims to provide an integrative description on how pentacyclic triterpenes can effectively treat calcium oxalate urolithiasis through various mechanisms such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. Some of the pentacylic triterpenes which shows promising activities include lupeol, oleanolic acid, betulin, and taraxasterol. Moreover, future perspectives in the development of pentacyclic triterpenes in formulations/drugs for urinary stone prevention are highlighted. It is anticipated that compiled information would serve as a scientific baseline to advocate further investigations on the potential of pentacyclic triterpenes in urolithiasis remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devina Lobine
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Salman Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohamad F Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius.,Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
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Vanillic Acid Alleviates Acute Myocardial Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8348035. [PMID: 32377308 PMCID: PMC7191373 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8348035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important factor of myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. Our research focuses on how to reduce the cardiac toxicity caused by oxidative stress through natural plant extracts. Vanillic acid (VA) is a phenolic compound found in edible plants and rich in the roots of Angelica sinensis. Experimental studies have provided evidence for this compound's effectiveness in cardiovascular diseases; however, its mechanism is still unclear. In this study, molecular mechanisms related to the protective effects of VA were investigated in H9c2 cells in the context of H/R injury. The results showed that pretreatment with VA significantly increased cell viability and decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells, as well as lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase activity, in the supernatant, accompanied by reduced levels of reactive oxygen species and reduced caspase-3 activity. VA pretreatment also restored mitochondrial membrane potentials. Moreover, preincubation with VA significantly attenuated mitochondrial permeability transition pore activity. VA administration upregulated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α2 (AMPKα2) protein expression, and interestingly, pretreatment with AMPKα2-siRNA lentivirus effectively attenuated the cardioprotective effects of VA in response to H/R injury.
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Kanthlal SK, Joseph J, Paul B, M V, P UD. Antioxidant and vasorelaxant effects of aqueous extract of large cardamom in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2020; 42:581-589. [PMID: 32202168 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2020.1739699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present work aimed to study the effect of aqueous extract of large cardamom (AELC) to prevent vascular remodeling and oxidative stress in Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertension. METHOD Male Wistar rats were administered with L-NAME 40 mg/kg/day for 28 days by oral gavage. The treatments included captopril (20 mg/kg/day) or AELC (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day) along with L-NAME administration. RESULTS L-NAME treated rats showed high systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure, decreased nitric oxide level, increased level of malondialdehyde in plasma, heart, aorta and kidney, hypertrophy of the vascular wall and reduced vascular response to acetylcholine in phenylephrine-precontracted aorta. Treatment with AELC markedly reduced the blood pressure, restored the nitric oxide level, reduced the malondialdehyde level, alleviated the hypertrophy in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Additionally, it also improved the vascular response to acetylcholine in phenylephrine pre-contracted aorta. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results demonstrate the preventive effect of AELC in L-NAME-induced hypertensive model, which is possibly related to antioxidant activities and restoration of nitric oxide level.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Kanthlal
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham , Kochi, India
| | - Jipnomon Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham , Kochi, India
| | - Bindhu Paul
- Amrita Centre for Nano Sciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham , Kochi, India
| | - Vijayakumar M
- Department of Cardiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham , Kochi, India
| | - Uma Devi P
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham , Kochi, India
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Reveals of New Candidate Active Components in Hemerocallis Radix and Its Anti-Depression Action of Mechanism Based on Network Pharmacology Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051868. [PMID: 32182911 PMCID: PMC7084327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The global depression population is showing a significant increase. Hemerocallis fulva L. is a common Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Its flower buds are known to have ability to clear away heat and dampness, detoxify, and relieve depression. Ancient TCM literature shows that its roots have a beneficial effect in calming the spirit and even the temper in order to reduce the feeling of melancholy. Therefore, it is inferred that the root of Hemerocallis fulva L. can be used as a therapeutic medicine for depression. This study aims to uncover the pharmacological mechanism of the antidepressant effect of Hemerocallis Radix (HR) through network pharmacology method. During the analysis, 11 active components were obtained and screened using ADME—absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion— method. Furthermore, 267 HR targets and 740 depressive disorder (DD) targets were gathered from various databases. Then protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of HR and DD targets were constructed and cluster analysis was applied to further explore the connection between the targets. In addition, gene ontology (GO) enrichment and pathway analysis was applied to further verify that the biological process related to the target protein is associated with the occurrence of depression disorder. In conclusion, the most important bioactive components—anthraquinone, kaempferol, and vanillic acid—can alleviate depression symptoms by regulating MAOA, MAOB, and ESR1. The proposed network pharmacology strategy provides an integrating method to explore the therapeutic mechanism of multi-component drugs on a systematic level.
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Chuang HW, Wei IH, Lin FY, Li CT, Chen KT, Tsai MH, Huang CC. Roles of Akt and ERK in mTOR-Dependent Antidepressant Effects of Vanillic Acid. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3709-3716. [PMID: 32118186 PMCID: PMC7045503 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Vanillic acid, an oxidized form of vanilla, is a flavoring agent with a creamy odor. Several studies have reported the neuroprotective effects of vanillic acid, which are predominantly associated with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties may result from Akt or ERK signaling activation. The activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a key downstream target of Akt and ERK signaling, is a crucial therapeutic target for treating depression. However, the antidepressant effects of vanillic acid remain unknown. The present study applied the forced swim test (FST) to investigate the antidepressant effects of vanillic acid and its association with Akt, ERK, and mTOR signaling and upstream α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionaic acid receptor (AMPAR) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice. Vanillic acid demonstrated antidepressant effects by significantly reducing behavioral despair in the FST. None of the treatments changed locomotor activity. Additionally, vanillic acid increased AMPAR throughput, Akt, and mTOR signaling but not ERK signaling in the PFC. NBQX (an AMPAR blocker), MK 2206 (an Akt blocker), and rapamycin (an mTOR blocker) used in pretreatment attenuated the antidepressant effects of vanillic acid, but SL327 (an ERK inhibitor) did not. The immunochemical results indicated that the antidepressant effects of vanillic acid depend on the AMPAR-Akt-mTOR signaling transduction pathway. Our findings reveal an Akt-dependent, but ERK-independent, the mechanism underlying the antidepressant effects of vanillic acid, which may be beneficial for some patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wen Chuang
- Graduate Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - I-Hua Wei
- Department of Anatomy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yi Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Te Li
- Department of Medicine, China
Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Ti Chen
- Department
of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing
University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Mang-Hung Tsai
- Department of Anatomy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chia Huang
- Graduate Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of
Psychiatry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- E-mail: . Tel: 886-4-22052121 ext 1015. Fax: 886-4-22361230
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Cudalbeanu M, Furdui B, Cârâc G, Barbu V, Iancu AV, Marques F, Leitão JH, Sousa SA, Dinica RM. Antifungal, Antitumoral and Antioxidant Potential of the Danube Delta Nymphaea alba Extracts. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 9:antibiotics9010007. [PMID: 31877815 PMCID: PMC7168328 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore for the first time the biological properties such as antifungal, antitumoral and antioxidant of Danube Delta Nymphaea alba (N. alba) leaf and root methanolic extracts. The toxicity studies of N. alba extracts showed no inhibitory effect on wheat seed germination by evaluating the most sensitive physiological parameters (Germination %, Germination index, Vigor index) and using confocal laser scanning microscopy images. The analyzed extracts were found to have high antifungal activity against Candida glabrata with MIC values of 1.717 µg/mL for leaf and 1.935 µg/mL for root. The antitumor activity of the both extracts against A2780/A2780cisR ovarian, LNCaP prostate and MCF-7 breast cancer cells was promising with IC50 values ranging from 23–274 µg/mL for leaf and 18–152 µg/mL for root, and the combination of N. alba extracts with cisplatin showed a synergistic effect (coefficient of drug interaction <1). The antioxidant properties were assessed by β-carotene bleaching, ABTS and FRAP assays and cyclic voltammetry. Quercetin, the most prominent antioxidant, was quantified in very good yields by spectroelectrochemical assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Cudalbeanu
- Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Department of Chemistry Physical and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (M.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Bianca Furdui
- Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Department of Chemistry Physical and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (M.C.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (R.M.D.)
| | - Geta Cârâc
- Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Department of Chemistry Physical and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (M.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Vasilica Barbu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Department of Food Science, Food Engineering, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, ‘‘Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania;
| | - Alina Viorica Iancu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, ‘‘Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Romania, 47 Domnească Street, 8000008 Galati, Romania;
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal;
| | - Jorge Humberto Leitão
- IBB-Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.H.L.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Sílvia Andreia Sousa
- IBB-Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.H.L.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Rodica Mihaela Dinica
- Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Department of Chemistry Physical and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (M.C.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (R.M.D.)
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45
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Karaman M, Atlagić K, Novaković A, Šibul F, Živić M, Stevanović K, Pejin B. Fatty Acids Predominantly Affect Anti-Hydroxyl Radical Activity and FRAP Value: The Case Study of Two Edible Mushrooms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100480. [PMID: 31614797 PMCID: PMC6827024 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to plants, nowadays mushrooms attract more attention as functional foods, due to a number of advantages in manipulating them. This study aimed to screen the chemical composition (fatty acids and phenolics) and antioxidant potential (OH•, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)) of two edible mushrooms, Coprinus comatus and Coprinellus truncorum, collected from nature and submerged cultivation. Partial least square regression analysis has pointed out the importance of some fatty acids—more precisely, unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) followed by fatty acids possessing both short (C6:0 and C8:0) and long (C23:0 and C24:0) saturated chains—and phenolic compounds (such as protocatechuic acid, daidzein, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, genistein and vanillic acid) for promising anti-OH•, FRAP and anti-DPPH• activities, respectively. However, other fatty acids (C16:0, C18:0 and C18:3n3) along with the flavonol isorhamnetin are actually suspected to negatively affect (by acting pro-oxidative) the aforementioned parameters, respectively. Taken together, design of new food supplements targeting oxidative stress might be predominantly based on the various UFAs combinations (C18:2n6, C20:1, C20:2, C20:4n6, C22:2, C22:1n9, etc.), particularly if OH• is suspected to play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Karaman
- Department of Biology and Ecology - DBE, Faculty of Sciences - PMF, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Kristina Atlagić
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Novaković
- Institute for Food Technology - FINS, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Filip Šibul
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences - PMF, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Miroslav Živić
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Katarina Stevanović
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Boris Pejin
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research - IMSI, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Meng J, Zhang C. Modulating Effects of Vanillic Acid on Sepsis-induced Oxidative Liver Injury in Rat Model. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.752.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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47
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Bai F, Fang L, Hu H, Yang Y, Feng X, Sun D. Vanillic acid mitigates the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma in rat model through prevention of airway inflammation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 83:531-537. [PMID: 30422751 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1543015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic allergic ailment affecting a considerably large population of the world. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ameliorative effects of vanillic acid against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma in rat model. Asthma was induced in Sprague Dawley rats and vanillic acid was orally administered at 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight for 28 days. Rats challenged with OVA showed heavy signs of airway inflammation and remodeling similar to chronic asthma, evidenced by the increased differential cell counts and presence of inflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), along with elevated serum immunoglobulin levels, and the histological results. However, vanillic acid dose-dependently attenuated the manifestation of OVA-induced asthma (p < 0.05) through suppression of inflammatory mediators and modulation of immunoglobulin levels in rats. The asthma mitigating properties of vanillic acid might be due to suppression of oxidative stress and prevention of lung airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Bai
- a Department of Child Healthcare , Northwest Women and Children Hospital , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Liyun Fang
- b Department of Pediatric , Xi'An NO.3 Hospital , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Huizhong Hu
- b Department of Pediatric , Xi'An NO.3 Hospital , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Yang Yang
- b Department of Pediatric , Xi'An NO.3 Hospital , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Xianxian Feng
- b Department of Pediatric , Xi'An NO.3 Hospital , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Daqing Sun
- b Department of Pediatric , Xi'An NO.3 Hospital , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , China
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48
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Ahmed S, Hasan MM, Khan H, Mahmood ZA, Patel S. The mechanistic insight of polyphenols in calcium oxalate urolithiasis mitigation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1292-1299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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49
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Kim YY, Je IG, Kim MJ, Kang BC, Choi YA, Baek MC, Lee B, Choi JK, Park HR, Shin TY, Lee S, Yoon SB, Lee SR, Khang D, Kim SH. 2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid attenuates mast cell-mediated allergic reaction in mice via modulation of the FcεRI signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:90-99. [PMID: 27890918 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are important effector cells in immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated allergic reactions such as asthma, atopic dermatitis and rhinitis. Vanillic acid, a natural product, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we investigated the anti-allergic inflammatory effects of ortho-vanillic acid (2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid, o-VA) that was a derivative of vanillic acid isolated from Amomum xanthioides. In mouse anaphylaxis models, oral administration of o-VA (2, 10, 50 mg/kg) dose-dependently attenuated ovalbumin-induced active systemic anaphylaxis and IgE-mediated cutaneous allergic reactions such as hypothermia, histamine release, IgE production and vasodilation; administration of o-VA also suppressed the mast cell degranulator compound 48/80-induced anaphylaxis. In cultured mast cell line RBL-2H3 and isolated rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro, pretreatment with o-VA (1-100 μmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited DNP-HSA-induced degranulation of mast cells by decreasing the intracellular free calcium level, and suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-4. Pretreatment of RBL-2H3 cells with o-VA suppressed DNP-HSA-induced phosphorylation of Lyn, Syk, Akt, and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB. In conclusion, o-VA suppresses the mast cell-mediated allergic inflammatory response by blocking the signaling pathways downstream of high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) on the surface of mast cells.
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50
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Al Jahid A, Essabaq S, Elamrani A, Blaghen M, Jamal Eddine J. Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oil and the Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Artemisia campestris L. Leaves from Southeastern Morocco. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/22311866.2016.1268068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Al Jahid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Ain-Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sadik Essabaq
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Ain-Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Elamrani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Ain-Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Blaghen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Ain-Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Jamal Jamal Eddine
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Ain-Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
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