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Fukuyama Y, Kubo M, Harada K. Neurotrophic Natural Products. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 123:1-473. [PMID: 38340248 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42422-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT3, NT4) can decrease cell death, induce differentiation, as well as sustain the structure and function of neurons, which make them promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. However, neurotrophins have not been very effective in clinical trials mostly because they cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier owing to being high-molecular-weight proteins. Thus, neurotrophin-mimic small molecules, which stimulate the synthesis of endogenous neurotrophins or enhance neurotrophic actions, may serve as promising alternatives to neurotrophins. Small-molecular-weight natural products, which have been used in dietary functional foods or in traditional medicines over the course of human history, have a great potential for the development of new therapeutic agents against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In this contribution, a variety of natural products possessing neurotrophic properties such as neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth promotion (neuritogenesis), and neuroprotection are described, and a focus is made on the chemistry and biology of several neurotrophic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
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Rahimpour P, Nasehi M, Zarrindast MR, Khalifeh S. Dose-dependent manner of luteolin in the modulation of spatial memory with respect to the hippocampal level of HSP70 and HSP90 in sleep-deprived rats. Gene 2023; 852:147046. [PMID: 36379383 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) induces a variety of deleterious effects on different cognitive functions such as memory. Elevated neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, and decreased synaptic plasticity and antioxidant capacity are involved in the deleterious effects of SD on memory. On the other hand, luteolin (a flavonoid compound) has antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. Also, Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) can be involved in modulating memory. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of SD and luteolin on spatial learning and memory using Morris Water Maze apparatus in rats, with respect to the level of HSP70 and HSP90 in the hippocampus. Luteolin was injected intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) at the doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 µg/rat. The results showed that SD impaired spatial memory, while luteolin dose-dependently restored SD-induced spatial memory impairment. SD increased the expression level of HSP90 in the hippocampus, whereas luteolin dose-dependently reversed the effect of SD. Furthermore, SD decreased the expression level of HSP70 protein in the hippocampus, while luteolin dose-dependently reversed the effect of SD. In conclusion, HSP70 and HSP90 may be involved in the deleterious effect of SD on memory, and in the improvement effect of luteolin on memory. This is a novel study reporting novel data and we suggest further detailed studies to better understand the interactions between SD, luteolin, and Heat shock proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Rahimpour
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Khalifeh
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Nguyen HT, Le XT, Van Nguyen T, Phung HN, Pham HTN, Nguyen KM, Matsumoto K. Ursolic acid and its isomer oleanolic acid are responsible for the anti-dementia effects of Ocimum sanctum in olfactory bulbectomized mice. J Nat Med 2022; 76:621-633. [PMID: 35218459 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-022-01609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to clarify the bioactive constituents responsible for the anti-dementia effects of Ocimum sanctum Linn. ethanolic extract (OS) using olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) mice, an animal model of dementia. The effects of OS or its extract further fractionated with n-hexane (OS-H), ethyl acetate (OS-E), and n-butanol (OS-B) on the spatial cognitive deficits of OBX mice were elucidated by the modified Y-maze tests. The effects of the major constituents of the most active OS fraction were also elucidated using the reference drug donepezil. The administration of OS and OS-E ameliorated the spatial cognitive deficits caused by OBX, whereas OS-H or OS-B had no effect. Two major constituents, ursolic acid (URO) and oleanolic acid (OLE), and three minor constituents were isolated from OS-E. URO (6 and 12 mg/kg) and OLE (24 mg/kg) attenuated the OBX-induced cognitive deficits. URO (6 mg/kg) and donepezil reversed the OBX-induced down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and choline acetyltransferase expression levels in the hippocampus. URO inhibited the ex vivo activity of acetylcholinesterase with similar efficacy to donepezil. URO inhibited the in vitro activity of acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 106.5 μM), while the effects of OS, OS-E, and other isolated compounds were negligible. These findings suggest that URO and OLE are responsible for the anti-dementia action of OS extract, whereas URO possesses a more potent anti-dementia effect than its isomer OLE. The effects of URO are, at least in part, mediated by normalizing the function of central cholinergic systems and VEGF protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Thu Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Xoan Thi Le
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam.
| | - Tai Van Nguyen
- Department of Phytochemistry, National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Hoa Nhu Phung
- Department of Phytochemistry, National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Hang Thi Nguyet Pham
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Khoi Minh Nguyen
- Department of Phytochemistry, National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Kinzo Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
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Abbas H, Sayed NSE, Youssef NAHA, M. E. Gaafar P, Mousa MR, Fayez AM, Elsheikh MA. Novel Luteolin-Loaded Chitosan Decorated Nanoparticles for Brain-Targeting Delivery in a Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model: Focus on Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Amyloidogenic Pathways. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1003. [PMID: 35631589 PMCID: PMC9148113 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparation and evaluation of a non-invasive intranasal luteolin delivery for the management of cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) using novel chitosan decorated nanoparticles. Development of luteolin-loaded chitosomes was followed by full in vitro characterization. In vivo efficacy was evaluated using a sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD) animal model via intracerebroventricular injection of 3 mg/kg streptozotocin (ICV-STZ). Treatment groups of luteolin suspension and chitosomes (50 mg/kg) were then intranasally administered after 5 h of ICV-STZ followed by everyday administration for 21 consecutive days. Behavioral, histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical studies were conducted. Chitosomes yielded promising quality attributes in terms of particle size (PS) (412.8 ± 3.28 nm), polydispersity index (PDI) (0.378 ± 0.07), Zeta potential (ZP) (37.4 ± 2.13 mv), and percentage entrapment efficiency (EE%) (86.6 ± 2.05%). Behavioral findings showed obvious improvement in the acquisition of short-term and long-term spatial memory. Furthermore, histological evaluation revealed an increased neuronal survival rate with a reduction in the number of amyloid plaques. Biochemical results showed improved antioxidant effects and reduced pro-inflammatory mediators' levels. In addition, a suppression by half was observed in the levels of both Aβ aggregation and hyperphosphorylated-tau protein in comparison to the model control group which in turn confirmed the capability of luteolin-loaded chitosomes (LUT-CHS) in attenuating the pathological changes of AD. The prepared nanoparticles are considered a promising safe, effective, and non-invasive nanodelivery system that improves cognitive function in SAD albino mice as opposed to luteolin suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidy Abbas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Nesrine S El Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza11562, Egypt
| | | | - Passent M. E. Gaafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria 21500, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed R. Mousa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Fayez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Manal A Elsheikh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
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Elsheikh MA, El-Feky YA, Al-Sawahli MM, Ali ME, Fayez AM, Abbas H. A Brain-Targeted Approach to Ameliorate Memory Disorders in a Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model via Intranasal Luteolin-Loaded Nanobilosomes. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:576. [PMID: 35335952 PMCID: PMC8950550 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired memory and cognitive function are the main features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Unfortunately, currently available treatments cannot cure or delay AD progression. Moreover, the blood-brain barrier hampers effective delivery of treatment to the brain. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the impact of intranasally delivered luteolin on AD using bile-salt-based nano-vesicles (bilosomes). Different bilosomes were prepared using 23-factorial design. The variables were defined by the concentration of surfactant, the molar ratio of cholesterol:phospholipid, and the concentration of bile salt. Results demonstrated optimized luteolin-loaded bilosomes with particle size (153.2 ± 0.98 nm), zeta potential (-42.8 ± 0.24 mV), entrapment efficiency% (70.4 ± 0.77%), and % drug released after 8 h (80.0 ± 1.10%). In vivo experiments were conducted on an AD mouse model via intracerebroventricular injection of 3 mg/kg streptozotocin. We conducted behavioral, biochemical marker, histological, and immune histochemistry assays after administering a luteolin suspension or luteolin bilosomes (50 mg/kg) intranasally for 21 consecutive days. Luteolin bilosomes improved short-term and long-term spatial memory. They also exhibited antioxidant properties and reduced levels of proinflammatory mediators. They also suppressed both amyloid β aggregation and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein levels in the hippocampus. In conclusion, luteolin bilosomes are an effective, safe, and non-invasive approach with superior cognitive function capabilities compared to luteolin suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A. Elsheikh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Yasmin A. El-Feky
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo 11571, Egypt;
| | - Majid Mohammad Al-Sawahli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh 33516, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Merhan E. Ali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Fayez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Haidy Abbas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
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Campolo M, Crupi R, Cordaro M, Cardali SM, Ardizzone A, Casili G, Scuderi SA, Siracusa R, Esposito E, Conti A, Cuzzocrea S. Co-Ultra PEALut Enhances Endogenous Repair Response Following Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168717. [PMID: 34445417 PMCID: PMC8395716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the neuro-regenerative properties of co-ultramicronized PEALut (Glialia®), composed of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and the flavonoid luteolin (Lut), in an in vivo model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and patients affected by moderate TBI. An increase in neurogenesis was seen in the mice at 72 h and 7 d after TBI. The co-ultra PEALut treatment helped the neuronal reconstitution process to restore the basal level of both novel and mature neurons; moreover, it induced a significant upregulation of the neurotrophic factors, which ultimately led to progress in terms of memory recall during behavioral testing. Moreover, our preliminary findings in a clinical trial suggested that Glialia® treatment facilitated neural recovery on working memory. Thus, co-ultra PEALut (Glialia®) could represent a valuable therapeutic agent for intensifying the endogenous repair response in order to better treat TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (R.C.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (R.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (R.C.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (R.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (R.C.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (R.S.); (E.E.)
| | | | - Alessio Ardizzone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (R.C.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (R.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (R.C.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (R.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Sarah Adriana Scuderi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (R.C.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (R.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (R.C.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (R.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (R.C.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (R.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Alfredo Conti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (R.C.); (M.C.); (A.A.); (G.C.); (S.A.S.); (R.S.); (E.E.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-6765208
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Ocimum sanctum Linn. Extract Improves Cognitive Deficits in Olfactory Bulbectomized Mice via the Enhancement of Central Cholinergic Systems and VEGF Expression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6627648. [PMID: 34306149 PMCID: PMC8266455 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6627648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the antidementia effects of ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. (OS) and its underlying mechanisms using olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) mice. OBX mice were treated daily with OS or a reference drug, donepezil (DNP). Spatial and nonspatial working memory performance was measured using a modified Y maze test and a novel object recognition test, respectively. Brain tissues of the animals were subjected to histochemical and neurochemical analysis. OS treatment attenuated OBX-induced impairment of spatial and nonspatial working memories. OBX induced degeneration of septal cholinergic neurons, enlargement of the lateral ventricles, and suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis. OS and DNP treatment also depressed these histological damages. OS administration reduced ex vivo activity of acetylcholinesterase in the brain. OBX diminished the expression levels of genes coding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor type 2 (VEGFR2). Treatment with OS and DNP reversed OBX-induced decrease in VEGF gene and protein expression levels without affecting the expression of the VEGFR2 gene. These results demonstrate that the administration of OS can lessen the cognitive deficits and neurohistological damages of OBX and that these actions are, at least in part, mediated by the enhancement of central cholinergic systems and VEGF expression.
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Almulla AYH, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK, Dasdelen D. Learning, Neurogenesis, and Effects of Flavonoids on Learning. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:355-364. [PMID: 34238155 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210707120719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Learning and memory are two of our mind's most magical abilities. Different brain regions have roles in processing and storing different types of memories. The hippocampus is the part of the brain responsible for receiving information and storing it in the neocortex. One of the most impressive characteristics of the hippocampus is its capacity for neurogenesis, which is a process in which new neurons are produced and then transformed into mature neurons and finally integrated into neural circuits. The neurogenesis process in the hippocampus, an example of neuroplasticity in the adult brain, is believed to aid hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. New neurons are constantly produced in the hippocampus and integrated into the pre-existing neuronal network; this allows old memories already stored in the neocortex to be removed from the hippocampus and replaced with new ones. Factors affecting neurogenesis in the hippocampus may also affect hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. The flavonoids can particularly exert powerful actions in mammalian cognition and improve hippocampal-dependent learning and memory by positively affecting hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Selcuk University, Medical School Department of Physiology, 42075, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Dervis Dasdelen
- Selcuk University, Medical School Department of Physiology, 42075, Konya, Turkey
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Park HS, Hwang ES, Choi GY, Kim HB, Park KS, Sul JY, Hwang Y, Choi GW, Kim BI, Park H, Maeng S, Park JH. Sulforaphane enhances long-term potentiation and ameliorate scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Physiol Behav 2021; 238:113467. [PMID: 34033847 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Increases in human life expectancy have led to increases in the prevalence of senile dementia and neurodegenerative diseases. This is a major problem because there are no curative treatments for these diseases, and patients with unmanaged cognitive and neurodegenerative symptoms experience many social problems. Sulforaphane is a type of organosulfur compound known as an isothiocyanate. It is derived from glucoraphanin, a compound found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, brussels sprouts, and cabbages, via an enzymatic reaction that is triggered by plant damage (e.g., chewing). Sulforaphane exhibits activity against cancer, inflammation, depression, and severe cardiac diseases. It can also alleviate oxidative stress and neural dysfunction in the brain. However, there is insufficient knowledge about the electrophysiological and behavioral basis of the effects of sulforaphane on learning and memory. Therefore, we evaluated whether acute sulforaphane administration affected long-term potentiation (LTP) in organotypic cultured rat hippocampal tissues. We also measured the effect of sulforaphane on the performance of three behavioral tests, the Y-maze test, the passive avoidance test, and the Morris water maze, which assess short-term memory, avoidance memory, and short and long-term spatial memory, respectively. We found that sulforaphane increased the total field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) in a dose-dependent manner after high frequency stimulation and attenuated scopolamine-induced interference of the fEPSP in the hippocampal CA1 area. Sulforaphane also restored cognitive function and inhibited memory impairment as indicated by the alleviation of the negative neurological effects of scopolamine, i.e, a lowered ratio of spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze, a reduced step-through latency in the passive avoidance test, and an increased navigation time in the Morris water maze. These results indicate that sulforaphane can effectively prevent the attenuation of LTP and cognitive abilities induced by cholinergic and muscarinic receptor blockade. Further research is warranted to explore the potential therapeutic and prophylactic utility of sulforaphane for improving learning and memory, especially in those suffering from neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sub Park
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Eun-Sang Hwang
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Ga-Young Choi
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea
| | - Hyun-Bum Kim
- Department of East-West Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea
| | - Kyun-Seob Park
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea
| | - Jai-Yoon Sul
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; PENN Program in Single Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | - Yoonjin Hwang
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea
| | - Geun Wook Choi
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea
| | - Byung Il Kim
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Park
- Health Park Co., Ltd., #2502, Gangnam-dae-Ro 305, Sucho-gu, Seoul 06628, Korea
| | - Sungho Maeng
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-701, Korea.
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea; Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 446-701, Korea.
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Diosmetin Mitigates Cognitive and Memory Impairment Provoked by Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5725361. [PMID: 33414836 PMCID: PMC7769643 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5725361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Materials and Methods In the present experimental study, male NMRI mice were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) paradigm for 35 days. Diosmetin (at doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg. i.p.) or diosmetin solvent (normal saline + DMSO, 1 ml/kg; i.p.) was administered 30 min before stress induction. After 28 days, memory and cognitive performance were assessed by shuttle box and novel object recognition tests. Finally, antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level of serum and brain, and serum corticosterone level were evaluated. Results Behavioral tests showed that CUMS significantly reduced the secondary latency in passive avoidance memory test and diagnosis index in novel object recognition test compared to the control group (P < 0.001), whereas treatment with diosmetin (20 and 40 mg/kg) significantly improved memory performance in the two tests (P < 0.001). In addition, diosmetin (40 mg/kg) could pronouncedly suppress increase in serum corticosterone levels, reduction in antioxidant capacity, and production of excess MDA caused by CUMS compared to the control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion Chronic stress can impair memory and cognition and treatment with diosmetin can partly improve this disorder in male mice by increasing the antioxidant capacity of brain tissue and serum and improving serum corticosterone levels.
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Shakerin Z, Esfandiari E, Razavi S, Alaei H, Ghanadian M, Dashti G. Effects of Cyperus rotundus Extract on Spatial Memory Impairment and Neuronal Differentiation in Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Adv Biomed Res 2020; 9:17. [PMID: 32775310 PMCID: PMC7282694 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_173_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the older population and characterized by progressive memory and cognitive impairment. Cyperus rotundus, a traditional medicinal herb, has analgesic, sedative, and anti-inflammatory effects and also used to increase memory in Islamic traditional medicine. This study was designed to consider the effects of C. rotundus extract on memory impairment and neurogenesis in the Beta-Amyloid rats' model. Materials and Methods Forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 7) for the evaluation of baseline training performance in the Morris water maze test. Then, amyloid-beta (Aβ1-42) was injected in animal hippocampal CA1 bilaterally in four groups. The first probe trial was performed 21 days after Aβ injection. Then, 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg of C. rotundus extract were administered to three Aβ-injected groups for 1 month; after that, the second probe trial was performed, and rats were sacrificed after 28 days of the second probe trial. The neurogenesis was detected in the hippocampus, by immunohistochemical staining. Results This study showed that spatial memory increased in the behavioral test in AD treated group with C. rotundus extract, compared with the AD group (P = 0.02). Immunohistochemical staining revealed that neuronal differentiation has been occurred in the hippocampus in the AD-treated group with C. rotundus extract compared with the AD group (P = 0.01). Conclusions This study showed that C. rotundus extract, repaired spatial memory impairment in the Aβ rats, through increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus, which could be related to the flavonoid components in the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Shakerin
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Esfandiari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Razavi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hojjatallah Alaei
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mustafa Ghanadian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Dashti
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Bawari S, Tewari D, Argüelles S, Sah AN, Nabavi SF, Xu S, Vacca RA, Nabavi SM, Shirooie S. Targeting BDNF signaling by natural products: Novel synaptic repair therapeutics for neurodegeneration and behavior disorders. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Kim W, Yoo DY, Jung HY, Kim JW, Hahn KR, Kwon HJ, Yoo M, Lee S, Nam SM, Yoon YS, Kim DW, Hwang IK. Leaf extracts from Dendropanax morbifera Léveille mitigate mercury-induced reduction of spatial memory, as well as cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation in rat dentate gyrus. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:94. [PMID: 31046739 PMCID: PMC6498467 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The brain is susceptible to methylmercury toxicity, which causes irreversible damage to neurons and glia and the leaf extract Dendropanax morbifera Léveille (DML) has various biological functions in the nervous system. In this study, we examined the effects of DML on mercury-induced proliferating cells and differentiated neuroblasts. Methods Dimethylmercury (5 μg/kg) and galantamine (5 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally and/or DML (100 mg/kg) was orally to 7-week-old rats every day for 36 days. One hour after the treatment, novel object recognition test was examined. In addition, spatial probe tests were conducted on the 6th day after 5 days of continuous training in the Morris swim maze. Thereafter, the rats were euthanized for immunohistochemical staining analysis with Ki67 and doublecortin and measurement for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Results Dimethylmercury-treated rats showed reduced discrimination index in novel object recognition test and took longer to find the platform than did control group. Compared with dimethylmercury treatment alone, supplementation with DML or galatamine significantly ameliorated the reduction of discrimination index and reduced the time spent to find the platform. In addition, the number of platform crossings was lower in the dimethylmercury-treated group than in controls, while the administration of DML or galantamine significantly increased the number of crossings than did dimethylmercury treatment alone. Proliferating cells and differentiated neuroblasts, assessed by Ki67 and doublecortin immunohistochemical staining was significantly decreased in the dimethylmercury treated group versus controls. Supplementation with DML or galantamine significantly increased the number of proliferating cells and differentiated neuroblasts in the dentate gyrus. In addition, treatment with dimethylmercury significantly increased AChE activity in hippocampal homogenates, while treatment with dimethylmercury+DML or dimethylmercury+galantamine significantly ameliorated this increase. Conclusions These results suggest that DML may be a functional food that improves dimethylmercury-induced memory impairment and ameliorates dimethylmercury-induced reduction in proliferating cells and differentiated neuroblasts, and demonstrates corresponding activation of AChE activity in the dentate gyrus.
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Zhou WB, Miao ZN, Zhang B, Long W, Zheng FX, Kong J, Yu B. Luteolin induces hippocampal neurogenesis in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:613-620. [PMID: 30632501 PMCID: PMC6352604 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.248519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that the natural flavonoid luteolin has neurotrophic activity. In this study, we investigated the effect of luteolin in a mouse model of Down syndrome. Ts65Dn mice, which are frequently used as a model of Down syndrome, were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mg/kg luteolin for 4 consecutive weeks starting at 12 weeks of age. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate learning and memory abilities, and the novel object recognition test was used to assess recognition memory. Immunohistochemistry was performed for the neural stem cell marker nestin, the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein, the immature neuron marker DCX, the mature neuron marker NeuN, and the cell proliferation marker Ki67 in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Nissl staining was used to observe changes in morphology and to quantify cells in the dentate gyrus. Western blot assay was used to analyze the protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in the hippocampus. Luteolin improved learning and memory abilities as well as novel object recognition ability, and enhanced the proliferation of neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Furthermore, luteolin increased expression of nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein, increased the number of DCX+ neurons in the granular layer and NeuN+ neurons in the subgranular region of the dentate gyrus, and increased the protein levels of BDNF and p-ERK1/2 in the hippocampus. Our findings show that luteolin improves behavioral performance and promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in Ts65Dn mice. Moreover, these effects might be associated with the activation of the BDNF/ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Zhou
- Changzhou Women and Children Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zong-Ning Miao
- The Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Wuxi Third People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Changzhou Women and Children Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Long
- Changzhou Women and Children Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fang-Xiu Zheng
- Changzhou Women and Children Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Changzhou Women and Children Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Changzhou Women and Children Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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15
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Aykac A, Ozbeyli D, Uncu M, Ertaş B, Kılınc O, Şen A, Orun O, Sener G. Evaluation of the protective effect of Myrtus communis in scopolamine-induced Alzheimer model through cholinergic receptors. Gene 2018; 689:194-201. [PMID: 30553998 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder causing common health problem with increasing age. Evidences show that the key symptoms of AD are mainly caused by cholinergic system dysfunction which has a role in cognitive disorders. Cholinergic pathways especially muscarinic receptors like M1 subtype also have a major role in learning, memory, cognitive functions and emotional state. There is no available permanent treatment currently to cure AD or to change its progression. This study was designed to investigate the factors that play important role in pathogenesis of AD and to compare the effects of Galantamine treatment with effects of Myrtus communis treatment. The expression level of M1, ACh, BDNF; AChE activity, GSH level, MDA and MPO activity and AChE gene expression were investigated in scopolamine-induced rat model. Results showed that, administration of MC significantly improves the SCOP-induced reduction of latency and object recognition time; increasing BDNF, M1 and ACh receptor expression levels in the different brain regions. Additionally, MC showed an increased in AChE by enhancing GSH activity and reducing MDA level and MPO activity. In conclusion MC considered as a possible novel therapeutic approach that can be a valuable alternative way in the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Aykac
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Dilek Ozbeyli
- Vocational School of Health Services, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Uncu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dr. Burhan Nalbantoglu State Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Büşra Ertaş
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olca Kılınc
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Şen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oya Orun
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Goksel Sener
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Bakoyiannis I, Daskalopoulou A, Pergialiotis V, Perrea D. Phytochemicals and cognitive health: Are flavonoids doing the trick? Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1488-1497. [PMID: 30551400 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids constitute a large group of polyphenolic compounds with numerous effects on behaviour and cognition. These effects vary from learning and memory enhancement to an improvement of general cognition. Furthermore, flavonoids have been implicated in a) neuronal proliferation and survival, by acting on a variety of cellular signalling cascades, including the ERK/CREB/BDNF and PI3K/Akt pathway, b) oxidative stress reduction and c) relief from Alzheimer's disease-type symptoms. From an electrophysiological aspect, they promote long term potentiation in the hippocampus, supporting the hypothesis of synaptic plasticity mediation. Together, these actions reveal a neuroprotective effect of flavonoid compounds in the brain. Therefore, flavonoid intake could be a potential clinical direction for prevention and/or attenuation of cognitive decline deterioration which accompanies various brain disorders. The purpose of the current review paper was to summarise all these effects on cognition, describe the possible pathways via which they may act on a cellular level and provide a better picture for future research towards this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Bakoyiannis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Greece.
| | - Afrodite Daskalopoulou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | - Vasilios Pergialiotis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | - Despina Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
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17
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Ko YH, Kwon SH, Ma SX, Seo JY, Lee BR, Kim K, Kim SY, Lee SY, Jang CG. The memory-enhancing effects of 7,8,4’-trihydroxyisoflavone, a major metabolite of daidzein, are associated with activation of the cholinergic system and BDNF signaling pathway in mice. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:197-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Ko YH, Kim SY, Lee SY, Jang CG. 6,7,4′-Trihydroxyisoflavone, a major metabolite of daidzein, improves learning and memory via the cholinergic system and the p-CREB/BDNF signaling pathway in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 826:140-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Gupta G, Tiwari J, Dahiya R, Kumar Sharma R, Mishra A, Dua K. Recent updates on neuropharmacological effects of luteolin. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:211-214. [PMID: 29743859 PMCID: PMC5938528 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Juhi Tiwari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Rajiv Dahiya
- Laboratory of Peptide Research and Development, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago, West Indies
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Anurag Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
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20
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Lee JC, Kim IH, Cho JH, Lee TK, Park JH, Ahn JH, Shin BN, Yan BC, Kim JD, Jeon YH, Lee YJ, Won MH, Kang IJ. Vanillin improves scopolamine‑induced memory impairment through restoration of ID1 expression in the mouse hippocampus. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4399-4405. [PMID: 29328430 PMCID: PMC5802214 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (vanillin), contained in a number of species of plant, has been reported to display beneficial effects against brain injuries. In the present study, the impact of vanillin on scopolamine‑induced alterations in cognition and the expression of DNA binding protein inhibitor ID‑1 (ID1), one of the inhibitors of DNA binding/differentiation proteins that regulate gene transcription, in the mouse hippocampus. Mice were treated with 1 mg/kg scopolamine with or without 40 mg/kg vanillin once daily for 4 weeks. Scopolamine‑induced cognitive impairment was observed from 1 week and was deemed to be severe 4 weeks following the administration of scopolamine. However, treatment with vanillin in scopolamine‑treated mice markedly attenuated cognitive impairment 4 weeks following treatment with scopolamine. ID1‑immunoreactive cells were revealed in the hippocampus of vehicle‑treated mice, and were hardly detected 4 weeks following treatment with scopolamine. However, treatment with vanillin in scopolamine‑treated mice markedly restored ID1‑immunoreactive cells and expression 4 weeks subsequent to treatment. The results of the present study suggested that vanillin may be beneficial for cognitive impairment, by preventing the reduction of ID1 expression which may be associated with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwi Cho
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Bich Na Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Bing Chun Yan
- Institute of Integrative Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Jong-Dai Kim
- Division of Food Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Jeon
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Sooncheonhyang University, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
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21
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Lee JC, Park JH, Ahn JH, Park J, Kim IH, Cho JH, Shin BN, Lee TK, Kim H, Song M, Cho GS, Kim DW, Kang IJ, Kim YM, Won MH, Choi SY. Effects of chronic scopolamine treatment on cognitive impairment and neurofilament expression in the mouse hippocampus. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1625-1632. [PMID: 29257227 PMCID: PMC5780103 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofilaments (NFs) including neurofilament-200 kDa (NF-H), neurofilament-165 kDa (NF-M) and neurofilament-68 kDa (NF-L) are major protein constituents of the brain, and serve important roles in the regulation of axonal transport. NF alteration is a key feature in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders involving cognitive dysfunction. In the present study, cognitive impairments were investigated, via assessments using the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests, in mice following chronic systemic treatment with 1 mg/kg scopolamine (SCO) for 4 weeks. SCO-induced cognitive impairments were significantly observed 1 week following the SCO treatment, and these cognitive deficits were maintained for 4 weeks. However, the NF immunoreactivities and levels were altered differently according to the hippocampal subregion following SCO treatment. NF-H immunoreactivity and levels were markedly altered in all hippocampal subregions, and were significantly increased 1 week following the SCO treatment; thereafter, the immunoreactivity and levels significantly decreased with time. NF-M immunoreactivity and levels gradually decreased in the hippocampus and were significantly decreased 4 weeks following SCO treatment. NF-L immunoreactivity and levels gradually decreased in the hippocampus, and were significantly decreased 2 and 4 weeks following SCO treatment. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that chronic systemic treatment with SCO induced cognitive impairment from 1 week following SCO treatment, and NF expression was diversely altered according to the hippocampal subregion from 1 week following SCO treatment. These results suggest that SCO-induced changes in NF expression may be associated with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwi Cho
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Bich Na Shin
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Song
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Sil Cho
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shinpoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ansan, Gyeonggi 15610, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Dentistry, Kangnung‑Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
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22
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Liu W, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Qi S, Wang Y, Ma C, Li S, Jiang B, Cheng X, Wang Z, Xuan Z, Wang C. Anti-amnesic effect of extract and alkaloid fraction from aerial parts of Peganum harmala on scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 204:95-106. [PMID: 28442406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aerial parts of Peganum harmala Linn (APP) is used as traditional medical herb for treatment of forgetfulness in Uighur medicine in China. But, the active ingredients and underlying mechanisms are unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to investigate the improvement effects of extract and alkaloid fraction from APP on scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms of action, and to support its folk use with scientific evidence, and lay a foundation for its further researches. MATERIALS AND METHODS The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities of extract (EXT), alkaloid fraction (ALK) and flavonoid fraction (FLA) from APP were evaluated in normal male C57BL/6 mice. The anti-amnesic effects of EXT and ALK from APP were measured in scopolamine-induced memory deficits mice by the Morris water maze (MWM) tasks. The levels of biomarkers, enzyme activity and protein expression of cholinergic system were determined in brain tissues. RESULTS The AChE activity was significantly decreased and the content of neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) was significantly increased in normal mice cortex and hippocampus by treatment with donepezil at dosage of 8mg/kg, EXT at dosages of 183, 550, 1650mg/kg and ALK at dosages of 10, 30, 90mg/kg (P<0.05), and the AChE activity and the content of ACh were not significantly changed in cortex and hippocampus after treatment with FLA at dosages of 10, 30, 90mg/kg (P>0.05). In the MWM task, scopolamine-induced a decrease in both the swimming time within the target zone and the number of crossings where the platform had been placed were significantly reversed by treatment with EXT at dosages of 550, 1650mg/kg and ALK at dosages of 30, 90mg/kg (P<0.05). Moreover, the activity and protein expression of AChE was significantly decreased and the content of neurotransmitter ACh was significantly increased in cerebral cortex of scopolamine-induced mice by treatment with EXT at dosages of 183, 550, 1650mg/kg and ALK at dosages of 10, 30, 90mg/kg (P<0.05), compared with scopolamine-treated group. CONCLUSIONS EXT and ALK from APP exert beneficial effect on learning and memory processes in mice with scopolamine-induced memory impairment. APP is an effective traditional folk medicine and the ALK fraction is proved to be the main effective components for the treatment of forgetfulness. The ALK may be valuable source for lead compounds discovery and drug development for treatment of memory impairment such as in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yudan Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shenglan Qi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuping Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhenyu Xuan
- Suzhou Youseen New Drug R&D Co. Ltd., Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Effects of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract on hypothyroidism-induced oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:1761-1766. [PMID: 30263472 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this experiment, we verified the effects of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille stem extract (DMS) on hypothyroidism-induced oxidative stress in the hippocampus of rats. Hypothyroidism was induced in rats by treating them with 0.03% 2-mercapto-1-methyl-imidazole dissolved in drinking water for 5 weeks. DMS (100 mg/kg) was also orally administered to the rats during the same period and the animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks of age. DMS administration tended to ameliorate these hypothyroidism-induced changes in serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. DMS administration significantly reduced the hypothyroidism-induced increases in reactive oxygen species production as well as in lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus. In addition, DMS administration increased hippocampal Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. These results suggest that DMS potentially ameliorates hypothyroidism-induced neuroendocrine phenotypes and oxidative stress in the hippocampus via the induction of antioxidant enzymes.
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Kim W, Yim HS, Yoo DY, Jung HY, Kim JW, Choi JH, Yoon YS, Kim DW, Hwang IK. Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract ameliorates cadmium-induced impairment in memory and hippocampal neurogenesis in rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:452. [PMID: 27829466 PMCID: PMC5103465 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Cadmium leads to learning and memory impairment. Dendropanax morbifera Léveille stem extract (DMS) reduces cadmium-induced oxidative stress in the hippocampus. We investigated the effects of DMS on cadmium-induced impairments in memory in rats. Methods Cadmium (2 mg/kg), with or without DMS (100 mg/kg), was orally administered to 7-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats for 28 days. Galantamine (5 mg/kg), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, was intraperitoneally administered as a positive control. A novel-object recognition test was conducted 2 h after the final administration. Cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation were assessed by immunohistochemistry for Ki67 and doublecortin, respectively. Acetylcholinesterase activity in the synaptosomes of the hippocampus was also measured based on the formation of 5,5′-dithio-bis-acid nitrobenzoic acid. Results An increase in the preferential exploration time of new objects was observed in both vehicle-treated and cadmium-treated rats. In addition, DMS administration increased cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus of vehicle-treated and cadmium-treated rats. Acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampal synaptosomes was also significantly higher in the DMS-treated group than in the vehicle-treated group. The effect of DMS on cadmium-induced memory impairment and cell proliferation in the hippocampus was comparable to that of galantamine. Conclusions These results suggest that DMS ameliorates cadmium-induced memory impairment via increase in cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation, and acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus. The consumption of DMS may reduce cadmium-induced neurotoxicity in animals or humans.
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Jung HY, Lee KY, Yoo DY, Kim JW, Yoo M, Lee S, Yoo KY, Yoon YS, Choi JH, Hwang IK. Essential oils from two Allium species exert effects on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse dentate gyrus by modulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor and acetylcholinesterase. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:431. [PMID: 27809818 PMCID: PMC5094052 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background In the present study, we investigated the effects of oil products from two Allium species: Allium sativum (garlic) and Allium hookeri (Chinese chives) on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse dentate gyrus. Methods Using corn oil as a vehicle, the essential oil from garlic (10 ml/kg), or Chinese chives (10 ml/kg) was administered orally to 9-week-old mice once a day for 3 weeks. One hour following the last treatment, a novel object recognition test was conducted and the animals were killed 2 h after the test. Results In comparison to the vehicle-treated group, garlic essential oil (GO) treatment resulted in significantly increased exploration time and discrimination index during the novel object recognition test, while Chinese chives essential oil (CO) reduced the exploration time and discrimination index in the same test. In addition, the number of Ki67-immunoreactive proliferating cells and doublecortin-immunoreactive neuroblasts significantly increased in the dentate gyrus of GO-treated animals. However, administration of CO significantly decreased cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation. Administration of GO significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the hippocampal homogenates. In contrast, administration of CO decreased BDNF protein levels and had no significant effect on AChE activity, compared to that in the vehicle-treated group. Conclusions These results suggest that GO significantly improves novel object recognition as well as increases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation, by modulating hippocampal BDNF protein levels and AChE activity, while CO impairs novel object recognition and decreases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation, by reducing BDNF protein levels in the hippocampus.
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Moon M, Jeong HU, Choi JG, Jeon SG, Song EJ, Hong SP, Oh MS. Memory-enhancing effects of Cuscuta japonica Choisy via enhancement of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. Behav Brain Res 2016; 311:173-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mendiola-Precoma J, Berumen LC, Padilla K, Garcia-Alcocer G. Therapies for Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2589276. [PMID: 27547756 PMCID: PMC4980501 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2589276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia associated with a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, with a prevalence of 44 million people throughout the world in 2015, and this figure is estimated to double by 2050. This disease is characterized by blood-brain barrier disruption, oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, neuroinflammation, and hypometabolism; it is related to amyloid-β peptide accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation as well as a decrease in acetylcholine levels and a reduction of cerebral blood flow. Obesity is a major risk factor for AD, because it induces adipokine dysregulation, which consists of the release of the proinflammatory adipokines and decreased anti-inflammatory adipokines, among other processes. The pharmacological treatments for AD can be divided into two categories: symptomatic treatments such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists and etiology-based treatments such as secretase inhibitors, amyloid binders, and tau therapies. Strategies for prevention of AD through nonpharmacological treatments are associated with lifestyle interventions such as exercise, mental challenges, and socialization as well as caloric restriction and a healthy diet. AD is an important health issue on which all people should be informed so that prevention strategies that minimize the risk of its development may be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Mendiola-Precoma
- Laboratorio de Investigación Genética, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Centro Universitario, 76010 Santiago de Querétaro, QRO, Mexico
| | - L. C. Berumen
- Laboratorio de Investigación Genética, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Centro Universitario, 76010 Santiago de Querétaro, QRO, Mexico
| | - K. Padilla
- Laboratorio de Investigación Genética, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Centro Universitario, 76010 Santiago de Querétaro, QRO, Mexico
| | - G. Garcia-Alcocer
- Laboratorio de Investigación Genética, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Centro Universitario, 76010 Santiago de Querétaro, QRO, Mexico
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Sim Y, Choi JG, Gu PS, Ryu B, Kim JH, Kang I, Jang DS, Oh MS. Identification of Neuroactive Constituents of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Cyperi Rhizoma Using Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:438-45. [PMID: 27350341 PMCID: PMC4930289 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyperi Rhizoma (CR), the rhizome of Cyperus rotundus L., exhibits neuroprotective effects in in vitro and in vivo models of neuronal diseases. Nevertheless, no study has aimed at finding the neuroactive constituent(s) of CR. In this study, we identified active compounds in a CR extract (CRE) using bioactivity-guided fractionation. We first compared the anti-oxidative and neuroprotective activities of four fractions and the CRE total extract. Only the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction revealed strong activity, and further isolation from the bioactive EA fraction yielded nine constituents: scirpusin A (1), scirpusin B (2), luteolin (3), 6′-acetyl-3,6-diferuloylsucrose (4), 4′,6′ diacetyl-3,6-diferuloylsucrose (5), p-coumaric acid (6), ferulic acid (7), pinellic acid (8), and fulgidic acid (9). The activities of constituents 1–9 were assessed in terms of anti-oxidative, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloid-β activities. Constituents 1, 2, and 3 exhibited strong activities; constituents 1 and 2 were characterized for the first time in this study. These results provide evidence for the value of CRE as a source of multi-functional neuroprotectants, and constituents 1 and 2 may represent new candidates for further development in therapeutic use against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeomoon Sim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gyu Choi
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Sung Gu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeol Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Effects of Chronic Scopolamine Treatment on Cognitive Impairments and Myelin Basic Protein Expression in the Mouse Hippocampus. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 59:579-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Shen ML, Wang CH, Chen RYT, Zhou N, Kao ST, Wu DC. Luteolin inhibits GABAA receptors in HEK cells and brain slices. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27695. [PMID: 27292079 PMCID: PMC4904371 DOI: 10.1038/srep27695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the A type γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAAR) is one of the major drug targets for neurological and psychological diseases. The natural flavonoid compound luteolin (2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)- 5,7-dihydroxy-4-chromenone) has been reported to have antidepressant, antinociceptive, and anxiolytic-like effects, which possibly involve the mechanisms of modulating GABA signaling. However, as yet detailed studies of the pharmacological effects of luteolin are still lacking, we investigated the effects of luteolin on recombinant and endogenous GABAAR-mediated current responses by electrophysiological approaches. Our results showed that luteolin inhibited GABA-mediated currents and slowed the activation kinetics of recombinant α1β2, α1β2γ2, α5β2, and α5β2γ2 receptors with different degrees of potency and efficacy. The modulatory effect of luteolin was likely dependent on the subunit composition of the receptor complex: the αβ receptors were more sensitive than the αβγ receptors. In hippocampal pyramidal neurons, luteolin significantly reduced the amplitude and slowed the rise time of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs). However, GABAAR-mediated tonic currents were not significantly influenced by luteolin. These data suggested that luteolin has negative modulatory effects on both recombinant and endogenous GABAARs and inhibits phasic rather than tonic inhibition in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lin Shen
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rita Yu-Tzu Chen
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ning Zhou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Te Kao
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dong Chuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Swertisin, a C-glucosylflavone, ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice with its adenosine A1 receptor antagonistic property. Behav Brain Res 2016; 306:137-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Post-Lyme Syndrome-Associated Polyneuropathy Treated With Immune Immunoglobulin and a Luteolin-Containing Formulation. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2016; 36:290-1. [PMID: 27035494 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000000504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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33
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Ozarowski M, Mikolajczak PL, Piasecka A, Kachlicki P, Kujawski R, Bogacz A, Bartkowiak-Wieczorek J, Szulc M, Kaminska E, Kujawska M, Jodynis-Liebert J, Gryszczynska A, Opala B, Lowicki Z, Seremak-Mrozikiewicz A, Czerny B. Influence of the Melissa officinalis Leaf Extract on Long-Term Memory in Scopolamine Animal Model with Assessment of Mechanism of Action. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2016; 2016:9729818. [PMID: 27239217 PMCID: PMC4864554 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9729818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Melissa officinalis (MO, English: lemon balm, Lamiaceae), one of the oldest and still most popular aromatic medicinal plants, is used in phytomedicine for the prevention and treatment of nervous disturbances. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of subchronic (28-fold) administration of a 50% ethanol extract of MO leaves (200 mg/kg, p.o.) compared with rosmarinic acid (RA, 10 mg/kg, p.o.) and huperzine A (HU, 0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) on behavioral and cognitive responses in scopolamine-induced rats. The results were linked with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and beta-secretase (BACE-1) mRNA levels and AChE and BuChE activities in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of rats. In our study, MO and HU, but not RA, showed an improvement in long-term memory. The results were in line with mRNA levels, since MO produced a decrease of AChE mRNA level by 52% in the cortex and caused a strong significant inhibition of BACE1 mRNA transcription (64% in the frontal cortex; 50% in the hippocampus). However, the extract produced only an insignificant inhibition of AChE activity in the frontal cortex. The mechanisms of MO action are probably more complicated, since its role as a modulator of beta-secretase activity should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Ozarowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Sw. Marii Magdaleny 14, 61-861 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw L. Mikolajczak
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5a, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Piasecka
- Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Metabolomics Team, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Science, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Kachlicki
- Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Metabolomics Team, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Science, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Kujawski
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Bogacz
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, University of Medical Sciences, 14 Sw. Marii Magdaleny, 61-861 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Bartkowiak-Wieczorek
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, University of Medical Sciences, 14 Sw. Marii Magdaleny, 61-861 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Szulc
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5a, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Kaminska
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5a, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Jodynis-Liebert
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gryszczynska
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
| | - Bogna Opala
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
| | - Zdzislaw Lowicki
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Seremak-Mrozikiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
- Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Czerny
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
- Department of General Pharmacology and Pharmacoeconomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Zolnierska 48, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
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Adedara IA, Rosemberg DB, Souza DO, Farombi EO, Aschner M, Rocha JBT. Neuroprotection of luteolin against methylmercury-induced toxicity in lobster cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 42:243-251. [PMID: 26905302 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Luteolin (3', 4', 5, 7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a polyphenolic compound found in foods of plant origin and has been reported to possess antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. However, there is dearth of information on the beneficial effects of luteolin on methylmercury (MeHg), a long-established neurotoxic compound in animals and humans. This study evaluated the effect of luteolin on MeHg-induced behavioral and biochemical deficits, using lobster cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea as an alternative and complementary animal model. The insects were exposed for 35 consecutive days to either MeHg alone (0.05 mg/g feed) or in combination with luteolin at 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/g feed. Locomotor behavior was assessed using video-tracking software during a 10-min trial in a novel arena and subsequently, biochemical analyses were carried out using the cockroaches' heads. Luteolin supplementation dose-dependently reversed the MeHg-induced locomotor deficits and enhanced the exploratory profiles of MeHg-exposed cockroaches as confirmed by track and occupancy plot analyses. Luteolin reversed the MeHg-induced acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition, decreased dichlorofluorescein oxidation and lipid peroxidation levels, but increased total thiol level and catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities in the treated cockroaches. In conclusion, luteolin prevented oxidative stress indices and neurobehavioral deficits in a Nauphoeta cinerea model of MeHg toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Adedara
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine Forchheimer 209; 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, U.S.A
| | - Joao B T Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Du X, Hill R. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone as a pro-neurotrophic treatment for neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurochem Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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36
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Johnston GAR. Flavonoid nutraceuticals and ionotropic receptors for the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Neurochem Int 2015; 89:120-5. [PMID: 26190180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids that are found in nutraceuticals have many and varied effects on the activation of ionotropic receptors for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in our brains. They can act as positive or negative modulators enhancing or reducing the effect of GABA. They can act as allosteric agonists. They can act to modulate the action of other modulators. There is considerable evidence that these flavonoids are able to enter the brain to influence brain function. They may have a range of effects including relief of anxiety, improvement in cognition, acting as neuroprotectants and as sedatives. All of these effects are sought after in nutraceuticals. A number of studies have likened flavonoids to the widely prescribed benzodiazepines as 'a new family of benzodiazepine receptor ligands'. They are much more than that with many flavonoid actions on ionotropic GABA receptors being insensitive to the classic benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil and thus independent of the classic benzodiazepine actions. It is time to consider flavonoids in their own right as important modulators of these vital receptors in brain function. Flavonoids are rarely consumed as a single flavonoid except as dietary supplements. The effects of mixtures of flavonoids and other modulators on GABAA receptors need to be more thoroughly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham A R Johnston
- Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Theoharides TC, Stewart JM, Hatziagelaki E, Kolaitis G. Brain "fog," inflammation and obesity: key aspects of neuropsychiatric disorders improved by luteolin. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:225. [PMID: 26190965 PMCID: PMC4490655 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain "fog" is a constellation of symptoms that include reduced cognition, inability to concentrate and multitask, as well as loss of short and long term memory. Brain "fog" characterizes patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), celiac disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, mastocytosis, and postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), as well as "minimal cognitive impairment," an early clinical presentation of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Brain "fog" may be due to inflammatory molecules, including adipocytokines and histamine released from mast cells (MCs) further stimulating microglia activation, and causing focal brain inflammation. Recent reviews have described the potential use of natural flavonoids for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. The flavone luteolin has numerous useful actions that include: anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, microglia inhibition, neuroprotection, and memory increase. A liposomal luteolin formulation in olive fruit extract improved attention in children with ASDs and brain "fog" in mastocytosis patients. Methylated luteolin analogs with increased activity and better bioavailability could be developed into effective treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders and brain "fog."
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C. Theoharides
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of MedicineBoston, MA, USA
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical CenterBoston, MA, USA
- Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical CenterBoston, MA, USA
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of MedicineBoston, MA, USA
| | - Julia M. Stewart
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of MedicineBoston, MA, USA
| | - Erifili Hatziagelaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon General Hospital, Athens Medical SchoolAthens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Kolaitis
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's HospitalAthens, Greece
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Schneiderová K, Šmejkal K. Phytochemical profile of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb). Steud. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2014; 14:799-833. [PMID: 32214918 PMCID: PMC7089068 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Paulownia tomentosa, a member of the plant family Paulowniaceae and a rich source of biologically active secondary metabolites, is traditionally used in Chinese herbal medicine. Flavonoids, lignans, phenolic glycosides, quinones, terpenoids, glycerides, phenolic acids, and miscellaneous other compounds have been isolated from different parts of P. tomentosa plant. Recent interest in this species has focused on isolating and identifying of prenylated flavonoids, that exhibit potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiphlogistic activities and inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain-like protease. They show cytotoxic activity against various human cancer cell lines and inhibit the effects of human cholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and bacterial neuraminidases. Most of the compounds considered here have never been isolated from any other species of plant. This review summarizes the information about the isolated compounds that are active, their bioactivities, and the structure-activity relationships that have been worked out for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Schneiderová
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
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Lycium barbarum polysaccharides prevent memory and neurogenesis impairments in scopolamine-treated rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88076. [PMID: 24505383 PMCID: PMC3914900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum is used both as a food additive and as a medicinal herb in many countries, and L. barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs), a major cell component, are reported to have a wide range of beneficial effects including neuroprotection, anti-aging and anticancer properties, and immune modulation. The effects of LBPs on neuronal function, neurogenesis, and drug-induced learning and memory deficits have not been assessed. We report the therapeutic effects of LBPs on learning and memory and neurogenesis in scopolamine (SCO)-treated rats. LBPs were administered via gastric perfusion for 2 weeks before the onset of subcutaneous SCO treatment for a further 4 weeks. As expected, SCO impaired performance in novel object and object location recognition tasks, and Morris water maze. However, dual SCO- and LBP-treated rats spent significantly more time exploring the novel object or location in the recognition tasks and had significant shorter escape latency in the water maze. SCO administration led to a decrease in Ki67- or DCX-immunoreactive cells in the dentate gyrus and damage of dendritic development of the new neurons; LBP prevented these SCO-induced reductions in cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation. LBP also protected SCO-induced loss of neuronal processes in DCX-immunoreactive neurons. Biochemical investigation indicated that LBP decreased the SCO-induced oxidative stress in hippocampus and reversed the ratio Bax/Bcl-2 that exhibited increase after SCO treatment. However, decrease of BDNF and increase of AChE induced by SCO showed no response to LBP administration. These results suggest that LBPs can prevent SCO-induced cognitive and memory deficits and reductions in cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation. Suppression of oxidative stress and apoptosis may be involved in the above effects of LBPs that may be a promising candidate to restore memory functions and neurogenesis.
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