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Gaspar RS, Silva França ÁR, Oliveira PVS, Silva Diniz-Filho JF, Teixeira L, Valadão IC, Debbas V, Costa Dos Santos C, Massafera MP, Bustos SO, Rebelo Alencar LM, Ronsein GE, Laurindo FRM. Endothelial protein disulfide isomerase A1 enhances membrane stiffness and platelet-endothelium interaction in hyperglycemia via SLC3A2 and LAMC1. J Thromb Haemost 2024:S1538-7836(24)00445-8. [PMID: 39128656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes carries an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and thromboembolic events. Upon endothelial dysfunction, platelets bind to endothelial cells to precipitate thrombus formation; however, it is unclear which surface proteins regulate platelet-endothelium interaction. We and others have shown that peri/epicellular protein disulfide isomerase A1 (pecPDI) influences the adhesion and migration of vascular cells. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether pecPDI regulates adhesion-related molecules on the surface of endothelial cells and platelets that influence the binding of these cells in hyperglycemia. METHODS Immunofluorescence was used to assess platelet-endothelium interaction in vitro, cytoskeleton reorganization, and focal adhesions. Hydrogen peroxide production was assessed via Amplex Red assays (ThermoFisher Scientific). Cell biophysics was assessed using atomic force microscopy. Secreted proteins of interest were identified through proteomics (secretomics), and targets were knocked down using small interfering RNA. Protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDI) contribution was assessed using whole-cell PDI or pecPDI inhibitors or small interfering RNA. RESULTS Platelets of healthy donors adhered more onto hyperglycemic human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Endothelial, but not platelet, pecPDI regulated this effect. Hyperglycemic HUVECs showed marked cytoskeleton reorganization, increased H2O2 production, and elongated focal adhesions. Indeed, hyperglycemic HUVECs were stiffer compared with normoglycemic cells. PDI and pecPDI inhibition reversed the abovementioned processes in hyperglycemic cells. A secretomics analysis revealed 8 proteins secreted in a PDI-dependent manner by hyperglycemic cells. Among these, we showed that genetic deletion of LAMC1 and SLC3A2 decreased platelet-endothelium interaction and did not potentiate the effects of PDI inhibitors. CONCLUSION Endothelial pecPDI regulates platelet-endothelium interaction in hyperglycemia through adhesion-related proteins and alterations in endothelial membrane biophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato S Gaspar
- Laboratorio de Biologia Vascular (LVascBio), LIM-64, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Álefe Roger Silva França
- Federal University of Maranhão, Physics Department, Laboratory of Biophysics and Nanosystems, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Percillia Victoria Santos Oliveira
- Laboratorio de Biologia Vascular (LVascBio), LIM-64, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Livia Teixeira
- Laboratorio de Biologia Vascular (LVascBio), LIM-64, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iuri Cordeiro Valadão
- Laboratorio de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Debbas
- Laboratorio de Biologia Vascular (LVascBio), LIM-64, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clenilton Costa Dos Santos
- Federal University of Maranhão, Physics Department, Laboratory of Biophysics and Nanosystems, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Silvina Odete Bustos
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Laboratorio de Biologia Vascular (LVascBio), LIM-64, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Müller WEG, Neufurth M, Wang S, Schröder HC, Wang X. Polyphosphate Nanoparticles: Balancing Energy Requirements in Tissue Regeneration Processes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309528. [PMID: 38470207 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of a particular, evolutionarily old inorganic polymer found across the biological kingdoms have attracted increasing interest in recent years not only because of their crucial role in metabolism but also their potential medical applicability: it is inorganic polyphosphate (polyP). This ubiquitous linear polymer is composed of 10-1000 phosphate residues linked by high-energy anhydride bonds. PolyP causes induction of gene activity, provides phosphate for bone mineralization, and serves as an energy supplier through enzymatic cleavage of its acid anhydride bonds and subsequent ATP formation. The biomedical breakthrough of polyP came with the development of a successful fabrication process, in depot form, as Ca- or Mg-polyP nanoparticles, or as the directly effective polymer, as soluble Na-polyP, for regenerative repair and healing processes, especially in tissue areas with insufficient blood supply. Physiologically, the platelets are the main vehicles for polyP nanoparticles in the circulating blood. To be biomedically active, these particles undergo coacervation. This review provides an overview of the properties of polyP and polyP nanoparticles for applications in the regeneration and repair of bone, cartilage, and skin. In addition to studies on animal models, the first successful proof-of-concept studies on humans for the healing of chronic wounds are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner E G Müller
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Meik Neufurth
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shunfeng Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz C Schröder
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
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Janus-Bell E, Mangin PH. The relative importance of platelet integrins in hemostasis, thrombosis and beyond. Haematologica 2023; 108:1734-1747. [PMID: 36700400 PMCID: PMC10316258 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.282136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors composed of α and β chains, with an N-terminal extracellular domain forming a globular head corresponding to the ligand binding site. Integrins regulate various cellular functions including adhesion, migration, proliferation, spreading and apoptosis. On platelets, integrins play a central role in adhesion and aggregation on subendothelial matrix proteins of the vascular wall, thereby ensuring hemostasis. Platelet integrins belong either to the β1 family (α2β1, α5β1 and α6β1) or to the β3 family (αIIbβ3 and αvβ3). On resting platelets, integrins can engage their ligands when the latter are immobilized but not in their soluble form. The effects of various agonists promote an inside-out signal in platelets, increasing the affinity of integrins for their ligands and conveying a modest signal reinforcing platelet activation, called outside-in signaling. This outside-in signal ensures platelet adhesion, shape change, granule secretion and aggregation. In this review, we examine the role of each platelet integrin in hemostatic plug formation, hemostasis and arterial thrombosis and also beyond these classical functions, notably in tumor metastasis and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Janus-Bell
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg.
| | - Pierre H Mangin
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg
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Mangin PH, Gardiner EE, Ariëns RAS, Jandrot-Perrus M. Glycoprotein VI interplay with fibrin(ogen) in thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:1703-1713. [PMID: 36990158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Platelets play a central role in the arrest of bleeding. The ability of platelets to engage with extracellular matrix proteins of the subendothelium has long been recognized as a pivotal platelet attribute, underpinning adequate hemostasis. The propensity of platelets to rapidly bind and functionally respond to collagen was one of the earliest documented events in platelet biology. The receptor primarily responsible for mediating platelet/collagen responses was identified as glycoprotein (GP) VI and successfully cloned in 1999. Since that time, this receptor has held the attention of many research groups, and through these efforts, we now have an excellent understanding of the roles of GPVI as a platelet- and megakaryocyte-specific adheso-signaling receptor in platelet biology. GPVI is considered a viable antithrombotic target, as data obtained from groups across the world is consistent with GPVI being less involved in physiological hemostatic processes but participating in arterial thrombosis. This review will highlight the key aspects of GPVI contributions to platelet biology and concentrate on the interaction with recently identified ligands, with a focus on fibrin and fibrinogen, discussing the role of these interactions in the growth and stability of thrombi. We will also discuss important therapeutic developments that target GPVI to modulate platelet function while minimizing bleeding outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre H Mangin
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Etablissement Français du Sang Grand-Est, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg F-67065 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Robert A S Ariëns
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- Université de Paris Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR-S1148, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
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Cai D, Weng W. Development potential of extracellular matrix hydrogels as hemostatic materials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1187474. [PMID: 37383519 PMCID: PMC10294235 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1187474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The entry of subcutaneous extracellular matrix proteins into the circulation is a key step in hemostasis initiation after vascular injury. However, in cases of severe trauma, extracellular matrix proteins are unable to cover the wound, making it difficult to effectively initiate hemostasis and resulting in a series of bleeding events. Acellular-treated extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels are widely used in regenerative medicine and can effectively promote tissue repair due to their high mimic nature and excellent biocompatibility. ECM hydrogels contain high concentrations of extracellular matrix proteins, including collagen, fibronectin, and laminin, which can simulate subcutaneous extracellular matrix components and participate in the hemostatic process. Therefore, it has unique advantages as a hemostatic material. This paper first reviewed the preparation, composition and structure of extracellular hydrogels, as well as their mechanical properties and safety, and then analyzed the hemostatic mechanism of the hydrogels to provide a reference for the application and research, and development of ECM hydrogels in the field of hemostasis.
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Prakash S, Ghosh A, Nayek A, Kiran S. The Platelet Aggregation Inhibition Activity of Polyphenols can be mediated by 67kda Laminin Receptor: A New Therapeutic Strategy For the Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2023; 22:CHAMC-EPUB-129884. [PMID: 36852811 DOI: 10.2174/1871525721666230228120500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombotic disease is still a major killer. Aspirin, Ticagrelor, Clopidogrel, etc. are the most widely used conventional antiplatelet drugs. The significant number of patients who are resistant to this drug shows a poor outcome. OBJECTIVE Developing a new antiplatelet agent with a stable antiplatelet effect and minimal bleeding risk is required for a patient who is resistant to antiplatelet drugs. METHOD Protein-ligand docking was performed using Autodock Vina 1.1.2 to study the interaction of 67LR with different Polyphenols. RESULT Among the 18 polyphenols, thearubigin has the highest binding affinity towards 67LR and gallic acid shows the lowest binding affinity. Among the 18 molecules, the top 10 molecules from the highest to lowest binding affinity range from-10.6 (thearubigin) to -6.5 (Epigallocatechin). CONCLUSION Polyphenols may inhibit platelet aggregation through 67 LR and can be an alternative treatment for Thrombotic Disease. Moreover, it will be interesting to know whether polyphenols interfere with the same pathways as aspirin and clopidogrel. Effective polyphenols could help prototype the compound development of novel antiplatelet agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Prakash
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Amit Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Arnab Nayek
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheetal Kiran
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Navarro S, Starke A, Heemskerk JWM, Kuijpers MJE, Stegner D, Nieswandt B. Targeting of a Conserved Epitope in Mouse and Human GPVI Differently Affects Receptor Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8610. [PMID: 35955743 PMCID: PMC9369317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein (GP) VI is the major platelet collagen receptor and a promising anti-thrombotic target. This was first demonstrated in mice using the rat monoclonal antibody JAQ1, which completely blocks the Collagen-Related Peptide (CRP)-binding site on mouse GPVI and efficiently inhibits mouse platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation on collagen. Here, we show for the first time that JAQ1 cross-reacts with human GPVI (huGPVI), but not with GPVI in other tested species, including rat, rabbit, guinea pig, swine, and dog. We further demonstrate that JAQ1 differently modulates mouse and human GPVI function. Similar to its effects on mouse GPVI (mGPVI), JAQ1 inhibits CRP-induced activation in human platelets, whereas, in stark contrast to mouse GPVI, it does not inhibit the adhesion, activation or aggregate formation of human platelets on collagen, but causes instead an increased response. This effect was also seen with platelets from newly generated human GPVI knockin mice (hGP6tg/tg). These results indicate that the binding of JAQ1 to a structurally conserved epitope in GPVI differently affects its function in human and mouse platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Navarro
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg and Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (S.N.); (A.S.); (D.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.W.M.H.); (M.J.E.K.)
| | - Andreas Starke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg and Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (S.N.); (A.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Johan W. M. Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.W.M.H.); (M.J.E.K.)
- Synapse Research Institute, Kon. Emmaplein 7, 6214 AC Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke J. E. Kuijpers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.W.M.H.); (M.J.E.K.)
- Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Professor Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - David Stegner
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg and Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (S.N.); (A.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg and Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (S.N.); (A.S.); (D.S.)
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Moroi M, Induruwa I, Farndale RW, Jung SM. Factor XIII is a newly identified binding partner for platelet collagen receptor GPVI-dimer-An interaction that may modulate fibrin crosslinking. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022; 6:e12697. [PMID: 35494504 PMCID: PMC9035508 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the fibrin-forming process, thrombin cleaves fibrinogen to fibrin, which form fibrils and then fibers, producing a gel-like clot. Thrombin also activates coagulation factor XIII (FXIII), which crosslinks fibrin γ-chains and α-chains, stabilizing the clot. Many proteins bind to fibrin, including FXIII, an established regulation of clot structure, and platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI), whose contribution to clot function is largely unknown. FXIII is present in plasma, but the abundant FXIII in platelet cytosol becomes exposed to the surface of strongly activated platelets. Objectives We determined if GPVI interacts with FXIII and how this might modulate clot formation. Methods We measured interactions between recombinant proteins of the GPVI extracellular domain: GPVI-dimer (GPVI-Fc2) or monomer (GPVIex) and FXIII proteins (nonactivated and thrombin-activated FXIII, FXIII subunits A and B) by ELISA. Binding to fibrin clots and fibrin γ-chain crosslinking were analyzed by immunoblotting. Results GPVI-dimer, but not GPVI-monomer, bound to FXIII. GPVI-dimer selectively bound to the FXIII A-subunit, but not to the B-subunit, an interaction that was decreased or abrogated by the GPVI-dimer-specific antibody mFab-F. The GPVI-dimer-FXIII interaction decreased the extent of γ-chain crosslinking, indicating a role in the regulation of clot formation. Conclusions This is the first report of the specific interaction between GPVI-dimer and the A-subunit of FXIII, as determined in an in vitro system with defined components. GPVI-dimer-FXIII binding was inhibitory toward FXIII-catalyzed crosslinking of fibrin γ-chains in fibrin clots. This raises the possibility that GPVI-dimer may negatively modulate fibrin crosslinking induced by FXIII, lessening clot stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Moroi
- Department of Biochemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Isuru Induruwa
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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Olğaç S, Olğaç A, Yenicesu İ, Özkan Y. Identification of Novel Antiplatelet Agents by Targeting Glycoprotein VI: A Combined Virtual Screening Study. Bioorg Chem 2022; 121:105661. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Perrella G, Nagy M, Watson SP, Heemskerk JWM. Platelet GPVI (Glycoprotein VI) and Thrombotic Complications in the Venous System. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2681-2692. [PMID: 34496636 PMCID: PMC9653110 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The immunoglobulin receptor GPVI (glycoprotein VI) is selectively expressed on megakaryocytes and platelets and is currently recognized as a receptor for not only collagen but also a variety of plasma and vascular proteins, including fibrin, fibrinogen, laminin, fibronectin, and galectin-3. Deficiency of GPVI is protective in mouse models of experimental thrombosis, pulmonary thromboembolism as well as in thromboinflammation, suggesting a role of GPVI in arterial and venous thrombus formation. In humans, platelet GPVI deficiency is associated with a mild bleeding phenotype, whereas a common variant rs1613662 in the GP6 gene is considered a risk factor for venous thromboembolism. However, preclinical studies on the inhibition of GPVI-ligand interactions are focused on arterial thrombotic complications. In this review we discuss the emerging evidence for GPVI in venous thrombus formation and leukocyte-dependent thromboinflammation, extending to venous thromboembolism, pulmonary thromboembolism, and cancer metastasis. We also recapitulate indications for circulating soluble GPVI as a biomarker of thrombosis-related complications. Collectively, we conclude that the current evidence suggests that platelet GPVI is also a suitable cotarget in the prevention of venous thrombosis due to its role in thrombus consolidation and platelet-leukocyte complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Perrella
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.P., M.N., J.W.M.H.).,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (G.P., S.P.W.)
| | - Magdolna Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.P., M.N., J.W.M.H.)
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (G.P., S.P.W.).,COMPARE, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom (S.P.W.)
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.P., M.N., J.W.M.H.).,Now with Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.W.M.H.)
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11
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Clark JC, Damaskinaki FN, Cheung YFH, Slater A, Watson SP. Structure-function relationship of the platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI) receptor: does it matter if it is a dimer or monomer? Platelets 2021; 32:724-732. [PMID: 33634725 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1887469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
GPVI is a critical signaling receptor responsible for collagen-induced platelet activation and a promising anti-thrombotic target in conditions such as coronary artery thrombosis, ischemic stroke, and atherothrombosis. This is due to the ability to block GPVI while having minimal effects on hemostasis, making it a more attractive target over current dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with acetyl salicylic acid and P2Y12 inhibitors where bleeding can be a problem. Our current understanding of how the structure of GPVI relates to function is inadequate and recent studies contradict each other. In this article, we summarize the structure-function relationships underlying the activation of GPVI by its major ligands, including collagen, fibrin(ogen), snake venom toxins and charged exogenous ligands such as diesel exhaust particles. We argue that contrary to popular belief dimerization of GPVI is not required for binding to collagen but serves to facilitate binding through increased avidity, and that GPVI is expressed as a mixture of monomers and dimers on resting platelets, with binding of multivalent ligands inducing higher order clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne C Clark
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Level 1 IBR, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), The Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Foteini-Nafsika Damaskinaki
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Level 1 IBR, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), The Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yam Fung Hilaire Cheung
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Level 1 IBR, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Bioanalytics, Leibniz-Institut Für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS -e.v, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alexandre Slater
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Level 1 IBR, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Level 1 IBR, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), The Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
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12
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Chen C, Rawat D, Samikannu B, Bender M, Preissner KT, Linn T. Platelet glycoprotein VI-dependent thrombus stabilization is essential for the intraportal engraftment of pancreatic islets. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:2079-2089. [PMID: 33099857 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Platelet activation and thrombus formation have been implicated to be detrimental for intraportal pancreatic islet transplants. The platelet-specific collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) plays a key role in thrombosis through cellular activation and the subsequent release of secondary mediators. In aggregometry and in a microfluidic dynamic assay system modeling flow in the portal vein, pancreatic islets promoted platelet aggregation and triggered thrombus formation, respectively. While platelet GPVI deficiency did not affect the initiation of these events, it was found to destabilize platelet aggregates and thrombi in this process. Interestingly, while no major difference was detected in early thrombus formation after intraportal islet transplantation, genetic GPVI deficiency or acute anti-GPVI treatment led to an inferior graft survival and function in both syngeneic mouse islet transplantation and xenogeneic human islet transplantation models. These results demonstrate that platelet GPVI signaling is indispensable in stable thrombus formation induced by pancreatic islets. GPVI deficiency resulted in thrombus destabilization and inferior islet engraftment indicating that thrombus formation is necessary for a successful intraportal islet transplantation in which platelets are active modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunguang Chen
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Divya Rawat
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Balaji Samikannu
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Markus Bender
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine - Chair I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Linn
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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13
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Balkenhol J, Kaltdorf KV, Mammadova-Bach E, Braun A, Nieswandt B, Dittrich M, Dandekar T. Comparison of the central human and mouse platelet signaling cascade by systems biological analysis. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:897. [PMID: 33353544 PMCID: PMC7756956 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the molecular mechanisms of platelet activation and aggregation is of high interest for basic and clinical hemostasis and thrombosis research. The central platelet protein interaction network is involved in major responses to exogenous factors. This is defined by systemsbiological pathway analysis as the central regulating signaling cascade of platelets (CC). Results The CC is systematically compared here between mouse and human and major differences were found. Genetic differences were analysed comparing orthologous human and mouse genes. We next analyzed different expression levels of mRNAs. Considering 4 mouse and 7 human high-quality proteome data sets, we identified then those major mRNA expression differences (81%) which were supported by proteome data. CC is conserved regarding genetic completeness, but we observed major differences in mRNA and protein levels between both species. Looking at central interactors, human PLCB2, MMP9, BDNF, ITPR3 and SLC25A6 (always Entrez notation) show absence in all murine datasets. CC interactors GNG12, PRKCE and ADCY9 occur only in mice. Looking at the common proteins, TLN1, CALM3, PRKCB, APP, SOD2 and TIMP1 are higher abundant in human, whereas RASGRP2, ITGB2, MYL9, EIF4EBP1, ADAM17, ARRB2, CD9 and ZYX are higher abundant in mouse. Pivotal kinase SRC shows different regulation on mRNA and protein level as well as ADP receptor P2RY12. Conclusions Our results highlight species-specific differences in platelet signaling and points of specific fine-tuning in human platelets as well as murine-specific signaling differences. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07215-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Balkenhol
- Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kristin V Kaltdorf
- Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Centre, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Present address: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig, Maximilian University of Munich, D-80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Centre, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Dittrich
- Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Dept of Genetics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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14
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Harbi MH, Smith CW, Nicolson PLR, Watson SP, Thomas MR. Novel antiplatelet strategies targeting GPVI, CLEC-2 and tyrosine kinases. Platelets 2020; 32:29-41. [PMID: 33307909 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1849600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antiplatelet medications comprise the cornerstone of treatment for diseases that involve arterial thrombosis, including acute coronary syndromes (ACS), stroke and peripheral arterial disease. However, antiplatelet medications may cause bleeding and, furthermore, thrombotic events may still recur despite treatment. The interaction of collagen with GPVI receptors on the surface of platelets has been identified as one of the major players in the pathophysiology of arterial thrombosis that occurs following atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Promisingly, GPVI deficiency in humans appears to have a minimal impact on bleeding. These findings together suggest that targeting platelet GPVI may provide a novel treatment strategy that provides additional antithrombotic efficacy with minimal disruption of normal hemostasis compared to conventional antiplatelet medications. CLEC-2 is gaining interest as a therapeutic target for a variety of thrombo-inflammatory disorders including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with treatment also predicted to cause minimal disruption to hemostasis. GPVI and CLEC-2 signal through Src, Syk and Tec family tyrosine kinases, providing additional strategies for inhibiting both receptors. In this review, we summarize the evidence regarding GPVI and CLEC-2 and strategies for inhibiting these receptors to inhibit platelet recruitment and activation in thrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maan H Harbi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Christopher W Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Phillip L R Nicolson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK.,University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham, UK
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark R Thomas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK.,University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham, UK.,Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust , Birmingham, UK
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15
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Janus-Bell E, Ahmed MU, Receveur N, Mouriaux C, Nieswandt B, Gardiner EE, Gachet C, Jandrot-Perrus M, Mangin PH. Differential Role of Glycoprotein VI in Mouse and Human Thrombus Progression and Stability. Thromb Haemost 2020; 121:543-546. [PMID: 33124026 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Janus-Bell
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Muhammad Usman Ahmed
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Receveur
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Clarisse Mouriaux
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Christian Gachet
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- Université de Paris INSERM, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.,Acticor Biotech, Paris, France
| | - Pierre H Mangin
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
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16
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Platelets and Defective N-Glycosylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165630. [PMID: 32781578 PMCID: PMC7460655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycans are covalently linked to an asparagine residue in a simple acceptor sequence of proteins, called a sequon. This modification is important for protein folding, enhancing thermodynamic stability, and decreasing abnormal protein aggregation within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), for the lifetime and for the subcellular localization of proteins besides other functions. Hypoglycosylation is the hallmark of a group of rare genetic diseases called congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). These diseases are due to defects in glycan synthesis, processing, and attachment to proteins and lipids, thereby modifying signaling functions and metabolic pathways. Defects in N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation constitute the largest CDG groups. Clotting and anticlotting factor defects as well as a tendency to thrombosis or bleeding have been described in CDG patients. However, N-glycosylation of platelet proteins has been poorly investigated in CDG. In this review, we highlight normal and deficient N-glycosylation of platelet-derived molecules and discuss the involvement of platelets in the congenital disorders of N-glycosylation.
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17
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Ahmed MU, Kaneva V, Loyau S, Nechipurenko D, Receveur N, Le Bris M, Janus-Bell E, Didelot M, Rauch A, Susen S, Chakfé N, Lanza F, Gardiner EE, Andrews RK, Panteleev M, Gachet C, Jandrot-Perrus M, Mangin PH. Pharmacological Blockade of Glycoprotein VI Promotes Thrombus Disaggregation in the Absence of Thrombin. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2127-2142. [PMID: 32698684 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherothrombosis occurs upon rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and leads to the formation of a mural thrombus. Computational fluid dynamics and numerical models indicated that the mechanical stress applied to a thrombus increases dramatically as a thrombus grows, and that strong inter-platelet interactions are essential to maintain its stability. We investigated whether GPVI (glycoprotein VI)-mediated platelet activation helps to maintain thrombus stability by using real-time video-microscopy. Approach and Results: We showed that GPVI blockade with 2 distinct Fab fragments promoted efficient disaggregation of human thrombi preformed on collagen or on human atherosclerotic plaque material in the absence of thrombin. ACT017-induced disaggregation was achieved under arterial blood flow conditions, and its effect increased with wall shear rate. GPVI regulated platelet activation within a growing thrombus as evidenced by the loss in thrombus contraction when GPVI was blocked, and the absence of the disaggregating effect of an anti-GPVI agent when the thrombi were fully activated with soluble agonists. The GPVI-dependent thrombus stabilizing effect was further supported by the fact that inhibition of any of the 4 key immunoreceptor tyrosine-based motif signalling molecules, src-kinases, Syk, PI3Kβ, or phospholipase C, resulted in kinetics of thrombus disaggregation similar to ACT017. The absence of ACT017-induced disaggregation of thrombi from 2 afibrinogenemic patients suggests that the role of GPVI requires interaction with fibrinogen. Finally, platelet disaggregation of fibrin-rich thrombi was also promoted by ACT017 in combination with r-tPA (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator). CONCLUSIONS This work identifies an unrecognized role for GPVI in maintaining thrombus stability and suggests that targeting GPVI could dissolve platelet aggregates with a poor fibrin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Ahmed
- From the Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France (M.U.A., N.R., M.L.B., E.J.-B., F.L., C.G., P.H.M.)
| | - Valeria Kaneva
- Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Russia (V.K., D.N., M.P.).,Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Russia (V.K., D.N., M.P.).,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russia (V.K., D.M., M.P.)
| | - Stéphane Loyau
- Université de Paris, INSERM, Hôpital Bichat, UMR-S1148, France (S.L., M.J.-P.)
| | - Dmitry Nechipurenko
- Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Russia (V.K., D.N., M.P.).,Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Russia (V.K., D.N., M.P.).,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russia (V.K., D.M., M.P.)
| | - Nicolas Receveur
- From the Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France (M.U.A., N.R., M.L.B., E.J.-B., F.L., C.G., P.H.M.)
| | - Marion Le Bris
- From the Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France (M.U.A., N.R., M.L.B., E.J.-B., F.L., C.G., P.H.M.)
| | - Emily Janus-Bell
- From the Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France (M.U.A., N.R., M.L.B., E.J.-B., F.L., C.G., P.H.M.)
| | - Mélusine Didelot
- CHU Lille, Université de Lille, INSERM UMR-SU1011-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (M.D., A.R., S.S.)
| | - Antoine Rauch
- CHU Lille, Université de Lille, INSERM UMR-SU1011-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (M.D., A.R., S.S.)
| | - Sophie Susen
- CHU Lille, Université de Lille, INSERM UMR-SU1011-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France (M.D., A.R., S.S.)
| | - Nabil Chakfé
- Université de Strasbourg, Department of Vascular Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, France (N.C.)
| | - François Lanza
- From the Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France (M.U.A., N.R., M.L.B., E.J.-B., F.L., C.G., P.H.M.)
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- The Australian National University, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Canberra, Australia (E.E.G.)
| | - Robert K Andrews
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Australia (R.K.A.)
| | - Mikhail Panteleev
- Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Russia (V.K., D.N., M.P.).,Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Russia (V.K., D.N., M.P.).,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russia (V.K., D.M., M.P.)
| | - Christian Gachet
- From the Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France (M.U.A., N.R., M.L.B., E.J.-B., F.L., C.G., P.H.M.)
| | - Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- Université de Paris, INSERM, Hôpital Bichat, UMR-S1148, France (S.L., M.J.-P.).,Acticor Biotech, France (M.J.-P.)
| | - Pierre H Mangin
- From the Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg, France (M.U.A., N.R., M.L.B., E.J.-B., F.L., C.G., P.H.M.)
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18
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Sang Y, Roest M, de Laat B, de Groot PG, Huskens D. Interplay between platelets and coagulation. Blood Rev 2020; 46:100733. [PMID: 32682574 PMCID: PMC7354275 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Haemostasis stops bleeding at the site of vascular injury and maintains the integrity of blood vessels through clot formation. This regulated physiological process consists of complex interactions between endothelial cells, platelets, von Willebrand factor and coagulation factors. Haemostasis is initiated by a damaged vessel wall, followed with a rapid adhesion, activation and aggregation of platelets to the exposed subendothelial extracellular matrix. At the same time, coagulation factors aggregate on the procoagulant surface of activated platelets to consolidate the platelet plug by forming a mesh of cross-linked fibrin. Platelets and coagulation mutually influence each other and there are strong indications that, thanks to the interplay between platelets and coagulation, haemostasis is far more effective than the two processes separately. Clinically this is relevant because impaired interaction between platelets and coagulation may result in bleeding complications, while excessive platelet-coagulation interaction induces a high thrombotic risk. In this review, platelets, coagulation factors and the complex interaction between them will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiu Sang
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Roest
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bas de Laat
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Dana Huskens
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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19
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Ngo ATP, Jongen M, Shatzel JJ, McCarty OJT. Platelet integrin activation surfs the calcium waves. Platelets 2020; 32:437-439. [PMID: 32441552 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1768365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anh T P Ngo
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Maaike Jongen
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joseph J Shatzel
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Departments of Hematology-Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Departments of Hematology-Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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20
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Lakshmanan HHS, Melrose AR, Sepp ALI, Mitrugno A, Ngo ATP, Khader A, Thompson R, Sallee D, Pang J, Mangin PH, Jandrot-Perrus M, Aslan JE, McCarty OJT. The basement membrane protein nidogen-1 supports platelet adhesion and activation. Platelets 2020; 32:424-428. [PMID: 32233694 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1745170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The core structure of the extracellular basement membrane is made up of self-assembling networks of collagen and laminin which associate with each other through the bridging adapter proteins including the sulfated monomeric glycoprotein nidogen. While collagen and laminin are known to support platelet adhesion and activation via β1 integrins and glycoprotein (GP) VI, respectively, whether nidogen contributes to platelet activation and hemostasis is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that recombinant human nidogen-1 supports platelet adhesion and stimulates platelet activation in a phospholipase-C γ-2 (PLCγ2), Src and Syk kinase-dependent manner downstream. Platetet adhesion to nidogen-1 was inhibited by blocking the platelet receptors GPVI and β1 integrins. Platelet adhesion to nidogen-1 activated the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, while pharmacological inhibition of IKK blocked platelet spreading on nidogen. Taken together our results suggest that nidogen may play a redundant role in hemostasis by activating platelets downstream of GPVI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander R Melrose
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Anna-Liisa I Sepp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
| | - Annachiara Mitrugno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Anh T P Ngo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ayesha Khader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rachel Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Sallee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jiaqing Pang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Pierre H Mangin
- INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Université De Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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21
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease in which a variety of circulating pro-inflammatory cells and dysregulated molecules are involved in disease aetiology and progression. Platelets are an important cellular element in the circulation that can bind several dysregulated molecules (such as collagen, thrombin and fibrinogen) that are present both in the synovium and the circulation of patients with RA. Platelets not only respond to dysregulated molecules in their environment but also transport and express their own inflammatory mediators, and serve as regulators at the boundary between haemostasis and immunity. Activated platelets also produce microparticles, which further convey signalling molecules and receptors to the synovium and circulation, thereby positioning these platelet-derived particles as strategic regulators of inflammation. These diverse functions come together to make platelets facilitators of cellular crosstalk in RA. Thus, the receptor functions, ligand binding potential and dysregulated signalling pathways in platelets are becoming increasingly important for treatment in RA. This Review aims to highlight the role of platelets in RA and the need to closely examine platelets as health indicators when designing effective pharmaceutical targets in this disease.
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22
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Dunster JL, Unsworth AJ, Bye AP, Haining EJ, Sowa MA, Di Y, Sage T, Pallini C, Pike JA, Hardy AT, Nieswandt B, García Á, Watson SP, Poulter NS, Gibbins JM, Pollitt AY. Interspecies differences in protein expression do not impact the spatiotemporal regulation of glycoprotein VI mediated activation. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:485-496. [PMID: 31680418 PMCID: PMC7027541 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate protein quantification is a vital prerequisite for generating meaningful predictions when using systems biology approaches, a method that is increasingly being used to unravel the complexities of subcellular interactions and as part of the drug discovery process. Quantitative proteomics, flow cytometry, and western blotting have been extensively used to define human platelet protein copy numbers, yet for mouse platelets, a model widely used for platelet research, evidence is largely limited to a single proteomic dataset in which the total amount of proteins was generally comparatively higher than those found in human platelets. OBJECTIVES To investigate the functional implications of discrepancies between levels of mouse and human proteins in the glycoprotein VI (GPVI) signalling pathway using a systems pharmacology model of GPVI. METHODS The protein copy number of mouse platelet receptors was determined using flow cytometry. The Virtual Platelet, a mathematical model of GPVI signalling, was used to determine the consequences of protein copy number differences observed between human and mouse platelets. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Despite the small size of mouse platelets compared to human platelets they possessed a greater density of surface receptors alongside a higher concentration of intracellular signalling proteins. Surprisingly the predicted temporal profile of Syk activity was similar in both species with predictions supported experimentally. Super resolution microscopy demonstrates that the spatial distribution of Syk is similar between species, suggesting that the spatial distribution of receptors and signalling molecules in activated platelets, rather than their copy number, is important for signalling pathway regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L. Dunster
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR)School of Biological SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Amanda J. Unsworth
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR)School of Biological SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
- Department of Life SciencesSchool of Science and EngineeringManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | - Alexander P. Bye
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR)School of Biological SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Elizabeth J. Haining
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS)College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Marcin A. Sowa
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR)School of Biological SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
- Platelet Proteomics GroupCenter for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS)Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Ying Di
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS)College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Tanya Sage
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR)School of Biological SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Chiara Pallini
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS)College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Jeremy A. Pike
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamMidlandsBirminghamUK
| | - Alexander T. Hardy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS)College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Department of Experimental BiomedicineUniversity HospitalUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Ángel García
- Platelet Proteomics GroupCenter for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS)Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Steve P. Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS)College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamMidlandsBirminghamUK
| | - Natalie S. Poulter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS)College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamMidlandsBirminghamUK
| | - Jonathan M. Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR)School of Biological SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Alice Y. Pollitt
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR)School of Biological SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
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Lopera Higuita M, Griffiths LG. Small Diameter Xenogeneic Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds for Vascular Applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2019; 26:26-45. [PMID: 31663438 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Currently, despite the success of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) remains among the most commonly performed cardiac surgical procedures in the United States. Unfortunately, the use of autologous grafts in CABG presents a major clinical challenge as complications due to autologous vessel harvest and limited vessel availability pose a significant setback in the success rate of CABG surgeries. Acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds derived from xenogeneic vascular tissues have the potential to overcome these challenges, as they offer unlimited availability and sufficient length to serve as "off-the-shelf" CABGs. Unfortunately, regardless of numerous efforts to produce a fully functional small diameter xenogeneic ECM scaffold, the combination of factors required to overcome all failure mechanisms in a single graft remains elusive. This article covers the major failure mechanisms of current xenogeneic small diameter vessel ECM scaffolds, and reviews the recent advances in the field to overcome these failure mechanisms and ultimately develop a small diameter ECM xenogeneic scaffold for CABG. Impact Statement Currently, the use of autologous vessel in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is common practice. However, the use of autologous tissue poses significant complications due to tissue harvest and limited availability. Developing an alternative vessel for use in CABG can potentially increase the success rate of CABG surgery by eliminating complications related to the use of autologous vessel. However, this development has been hindered by an array of failure mechanisms that currently have not been overcome. This article describes the currently identified failure mechanisms of small diameter vascular xenogeneic extracellular matrix scaffolds and reviews current research targeted to overcoming these failure mechanisms toward ensuring long-term graft patency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leigh G Griffiths
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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24
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Dynamins 2 and 3 control the migration of human megakaryocytes by regulating CXCR4 surface expression and ITGB1 activity. Blood Adv 2019; 2:3540-3552. [PMID: 30538113 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018021923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocyte (MK) migration from the bone marrow periosteal niche toward the vascular niche is a prerequisite for proplatelet extension and release into the circulation. The mechanism for this highly coordinated process is poorly understood. Here we show that dynasore (DNSR), a small-molecule inhibitor of dynamins (DNMs), or short hairpin RNA knockdown of DNM2 and DNM3 impairs directional migration in a human MK cell line or MKs derived from cultured CD34+ cells. Because cell migration requires actin cytoskeletal rearrangements, we measured actin polymerization and the activity of cytoskeleton regulator RhoA and found them to be decreased after inhibition of DNM2 and DNM3. Because SDF-1α is important for hematopoiesis, we studied the expression of its receptor CXCR4 in DNSR-treated cells. CXCR4 expression on the cell surface was increased, at least partially because of slower endocytosis and internalization after SDF-1α treatment. Combined inhibition of DNM2 and DNM3 or forced expression of dominant-negative Dnm2-K44A or GTPase-defective DNM3 diminished β1 integrin (ITGB1) activity. DNSR-treated MKs showed an abnormally clustered staining pattern of Rab11, a marker of recycling endosomes. This suggests decreased recruitment of the recycling pathway in DNSR-treated cells. Altogether, we show that the GTPase activity of DNMs, which governs endocytosis and regulates cell receptor trafficking, exerts control on MK migration toward SDF-1α gradients, such as those originating from the vascular niche. DNMs play a critical role in MKs by triggering membrane-cytoskeleton rearrangements downstream of CXCR4 and integrins.
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25
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Clauder F, Czerniak AS, Friebe S, Mayr SG, Scheinert D, Beck-Sickinger AG. Endothelialization of Titanium Surfaces by Bioinspired Cell Adhesion Peptide Coatings. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2664-2674. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Clauder
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Sophie Czerniak
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabrina Friebe
- Leibniz-Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan G. Mayr
- Leibniz-Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dierk Scheinert
- Department of Angiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette G. Beck-Sickinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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26
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Lebas H, Yahiaoui K, Martos R, Boulaftali Y. Platelets Are at the Nexus of Vascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:132. [PMID: 31572732 PMCID: PMC6749018 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are important actors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Current antiplatelet drugs that inhibit platelet aggregation have been shown to be effective in CVD treatment. However, the management of bleeding complications is still an issue in vascular diseases. While platelets can act individually, they interact with vascular cells and leukocytes at sites of vascular injury and inflammation. The main goal remains to better understand platelet mechanisms in thrombo-inflammatory diseases and provide new lines of safe treatments. Beyond their role in hemostasis and thrombosis, recent studies have reported the role of several aspects of platelet functions in CVD progression. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of platelet mechanisms involved in several vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Lebas
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Katia Yahiaoui
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Martos
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Yacine Boulaftali
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Paris Cite, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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27
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Gerashchenko TS, Novikov NM, Krakhmal NV, Zolotaryova SY, Zavyalova MV, Cherdyntseva NV, Denisov EV, Perelmuter VM. Markers of Cancer Cell Invasion: Are They Good Enough? J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1092. [PMID: 31344926 PMCID: PMC6723901 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion, or directed migration of tumor cells into adjacent tissues, is one of the hallmarks of cancer and the first step towards metastasis. Penetrating to adjacent tissues, tumor cells form the so-called invasive front/edge. The cellular plasticity afforded by different kinds of phenotypic transitions (epithelial-mesenchymal, collective-amoeboid, mesenchymal-amoeboid, and vice versa) significantly contributes to the diversity of cancer cell invasion patterns and mechanisms. Nevertheless, despite the advances in the understanding of invasion, it is problematic to identify tumor cells with the motile phenotype in cancer tissue specimens due to the absence of reliable and acceptable molecular markers. In this review, we summarize the current information about molecules such as extracellular matrix components, factors of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, proteases, cell adhesion, and actin cytoskeleton proteins involved in cell migration and invasion that could be used as invasive markers and discuss their advantages and limitations. Based on the reviewed data, we conclude that future studies focused on the identification of specific invasive markers should use new models one of which may be the intratumor morphological heterogeneity in breast cancer reflecting different patterns of cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana S Gerashchenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634009 Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Nikita M Novikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Cytology and Genetics, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Krakhmal
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sofia Y Zolotaryova
- Department of Cytology and Genetics, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Marina V Zavyalova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of General and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Cherdyntseva
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
- Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Denisov
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir M Perelmuter
- Department of General and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
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28
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Abstract
The vasculature is a dynamic environment in which blood platelets constantly survey the endothelium for sites of vessel damage. The formation of a mechanically coherent hemostatic plug to prevent blood loss relies on a coordinated series of ligand-receptor interactions governing the recruitment, activation, and aggregation of platelets. The physical biology of each step is distinct in that the recruitment of platelets depends on the mechanosensing of the platelet receptor glycoprotein Ib for the adhesive protein von Willebrand factor, whereas platelet activation and aggregation are responsive to the mechanical forces sensed at adhesive junctions between platelets and at the platelet-matrix interface. Herein we take a biophysical perspective to discuss the current understanding of platelet mechanotransduction as well as the measurement techniques used to quantify the physical biology of platelets in the context of thrombus formation under flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Hansen
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA; .,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Yongzhi Qiu
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA; .,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA; .,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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29
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Nurden AT. Clinical significance of altered collagen-receptor functioning in platelets with emphasis on glycoprotein VI. Blood Rev 2019; 38:100592. [PMID: 31351674 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Much interest surrounds the receptors α2β1 and glycoprotein VI (GPVI) whose synchronized action mediates the attachment and activation of platelets on collagen, essential for preventing blood loss but also the most thrombogenic component of the vessel wall. Subject to density variations on platelets through natural polymorphisms, the absence of α2β1 or GPVI uniquely leads to a substantial block of hemostasis without causing major bleeding. Specific to the megakaryocyte lineage, GPVI and its signaling pathways are most promising targets for anti-thrombotic therapy. This review looks at the clinical consequences of the loss of collagen receptor function with emphasis on both the inherited and acquired loss of GPVI with brief mention of mouse models when necessary. A detailed survey of rare case reports of patients with inherited disease-causing variants of the GP6 gene is followed by an assessment of the causes and clinical consequences of acquired GPVI deficiency, a more frequent finding most often due to antibody-induced platelet GPVI shedding. Release of soluble GPVI is brought about by platelet metalloproteinases; a process induced by ligand or antibody binding to GPVI or even high shear forces. Also included is an assessment of the clinical importance of GPVI-mediated platelet interactions with fibrin and of the promise shown by the pharmacological inhibition of GPVI in a cardiovascular context. The role for GPVI in platelet function in inflammation and in the evolution and treatment of major illnesses such as rheumatoid arthritis, cancer and sepsis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan T Nurden
- Institut de Rhythmologie et de Modélisation Cardiaque, PTIB, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, 33600 Pessac, France.
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30
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Soluble CLEC-2 is generated independently of ADAM10 and is increased in plasma in acute coronary syndrome: comparison with soluble GPVI. Int J Hematol 2019; 110:285-294. [PMID: 31165998 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-019-02680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Soluble forms of platelet membrane proteins are released upon platelet activation. We previously reported that soluble C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (sCLEC-2) is released as a shed fragment (Shed CLEC-2) or as a whole molecule associated with platelet microparticles (MP-CLEC-2). In contrast, soluble glycoprotein VI (sGPVI) is released as a shed fragment (Shed GPVI), but not as a microparticle-associated form (MP-GPVI). However, mechanism of sCLEC-2 generation or plasma sCLEC-2 has not been fully elucidated. Experiments using metalloproteinase inhibitors/stimulators revealed that ADAM10/17 induce GPVI shedding, but not CLEC-2 shedding, and that shed CLEC-2 was partially generated by MMP-2. Although MP-GPVI was not generated, it was generated in the presence of the ADAM10 inhibitor. Moreover, antibodies against the cytoplasmic or extracellular domain of GPVI revealed the presence of the GPVI cytoplasmic domain, but not the extracellular domain, in the microparticles. These findings suggest that most of the GPVI on microparticles are induced to shed by ADAM10; MP-GPVI is thus undetected. Plasma sCLEC-2 level was 1/32 of plasma sGPVI level in normal subjects, but both soluble proteins significantly increased in plasma of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Thus, sCLEC-2 and sGPVI are released by different mechanisms and released in vivo upon platelet activation.
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31
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Inhibition of platelet GPVI induces intratumor hemorrhage and increases efficacy of chemotherapy in mice. Blood 2019; 133:2696-2706. [PMID: 30952674 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2018877043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of tumor vasculature integrity is indispensable for tumor growth and thus affects tumor progression. Previous studies have identified platelets as major regulators of tumor vascular integrity, as their depletion selectively rendered tumor vessels highly permeable and caused massive intratumoral hemorrhage. While these results established platelets as potential targets for antitumor therapy, their depletion is not a treatment option due to their essential role in hemostasis. Thus, a detailed understanding of how platelets safeguard vascular integrity in tumors is urgently demanded. Here, we show for the first time that functional inhibition of glycoprotein VI (GPVI) on the platelet surface with an antibody (JAQ1) F(ab)2 fragment rapidly induces tumor hemorrhage and diminishes tumor growth similar to complete platelet depletion while not inducing systemic bleeding complications. The intratumor bleeding and tumor growth arrest could be reverted by depletion of Ly6G+ cells, confirming them to be responsible for the induction of bleeding and necrosis within the tumor. In addition, JAQ1 F(ab)2-mediated GPVI inhibition increased intratumoral accumulation of coadministered chemotherapeutic agents, such as Doxil and paclitaxel, thereby resulting in a profound antitumor effect. In summary, our findings identify platelet GPVI as a key regulator of vascular integrity specifically in growing tumors and could serve as a basis for the development of antitumor strategies based on the interference with platelet function.
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32
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Lee JB, Chen B, Vasic D, Law AD, Zhang L. Cellular immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia: How specific should it be? Blood Rev 2019; 35:18-31. [PMID: 30826141 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Significant improvements in the survival of patients with hematological cancers following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation provide evidence supporting the potency of immune cell-mediated anti-leukemic effects. Studies focusing on immune cell-based cancer therapies have made significant breakthroughs in the last few years. Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, in particular, has significantly increased the survival of patients with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and aggressive B cell lymphoma. Despite antigen-negative relapses and severe toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome after treatment, CAR-T cell therapies have been approved by the FDA in some conditions. Although a number of studies have tried to achieve similar results for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), clinical outcomes have not been as promising. In this review, we summarize recent and ongoing studies on cellular therapies for AML patients, with a focus on antigen-specific versus -nonspecific approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Bok Lee
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 2-207 101 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Branson Chen
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 2-207 101 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Daniel Vasic
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 2-207 101 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Arjun D Law
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 6-711 700 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z5, Canada.
| | - Li Zhang
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 2-207 101 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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33
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Abstract
The c-Myb gene encodes a transcription factor that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis through protein-protein interaction and transcriptional regulation of signaling pathways. The protein is frequently overexpressed in human leukemias, breast cancers, and other solid tumors suggesting that it is a bona fide oncogene. c-MYB is often overexpressed by translocation in human tumors with t(6;7)(q23;q34) resulting in c-MYB-TCRβ in T cell ALL, t(X;6)(p11;q23) with c-MYB-GATA1 in acute basophilic leukemia, and t(6;9)(q22-23;p23-24) with c-MYB-NF1B in adenoid cystic carcinoma. Antisense oligonucleotides to c-MYB were developed to purge bone marrow cells to eliminate tumor cells in leukemias. Recently, small molecules that inhibit c-MYB activity have been developed to disrupt its interaction with p300. The Dmp1 (cyclin D binding myb-like protein 1; Dmtf1) gene was isolated through its virtue for binding to cyclin D2. It is a transcription factor that has a Myb-like repeat for DNA binding. The Dmtf1 protein directly binds to the Arf promoter for transactivation and physically interacts with p53 to activate the p53 pathway. The gene is hemizygously deleted in 35-42% of human cancers and is associated with longer survival. The significances of aberrant expression of c-MYB and DMTF1 proteins in human cancers and their clinical significances are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Fry
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Kazushi Inoue
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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34
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Rayes J, Watson SP, Nieswandt B. Functional significance of the platelet immune receptors GPVI and CLEC-2. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:12-23. [PMID: 30601137 DOI: 10.1172/jci122955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although platelets are best known for their role in hemostasis, they are also crucial in development, host defense, inflammation, and tissue repair. Many of these roles are regulated by the immune-like receptors glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and C-type lectin receptor 2 (CLEC-2), which signal through an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). GPVI is activated by collagen in the subendothelial matrix, by fibrin and fibrinogen in the thrombus, and by a remarkable number of other ligands. CLEC-2 is activated by the transmembrane protein podoplanin, which is found outside of the vasculature and is upregulated in development, inflammation, and cancer, but there is also evidence for additional ligands. In this Review, we discuss the physiological and pathological roles of CLEC-2 and GPVI and their potential as targets in thrombosis and thrombo-inflammatory disorders (i.e., disorders in which inflammation plays a critical role in the ensuing thrombosis) relative to current antiplatelet drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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35
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Abstract
For over 100 years, a link has been recognized between thrombosis and cancer. However, whether this was a causal or correlational relationship was debated. It is now well established that cancer and thrombosis are mechanistically related in intricate ways and can directly fuel each other. Here, we present an historical perspective of platelets and how their physiological function in hemostasis can contribute to tumor development and metastasis. This emerging field has garnered great interest as aspirin therapy has been proposed as a prevention strategy for some malignancies. We highlight the advances that have been made, presenting platelets as a key component that supports many of the hallmarks of cancer that have been described and conclude with future directions and studies that are needed to clarify the role of platelets in cancer and solidify platelet modulating therapies within oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aime T Franco
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Slot 505, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
| | - Jerry Ware
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Slot 505, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
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36
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37
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Białas AJ, Siewiera K, Watała C, Rybicka A, Grobelski B, Kośmider L, Kurek J, Miłkowska-Dymanowska J, Piotrowski WJ, Górski P. Mitochondrial functioning abnormalities observed in blood platelets of chronic smoke-exposed guinea pigs - a pilot study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:3707-3717. [PMID: 30519014 PMCID: PMC6233694 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s175444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COPD represents a major global health issue, which is often accompanied by cardiovascular diseases. A considerable body of evidence suggests that cardiovascular risk is elevated by the activation of blood platelets, which in turn is exacerbated by inflammation. As reactive oxygen species are believed to be an important factor in platelet metabolism and functioning, the aim of our study was to perform a complex assessment of mitochondrial function in platelets in chronic smoke exposed animals with COPD-like lung lesions. Materials and methods Eight-week-old, male Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs (the study group) were exposed to the cigarette smoke from commercial unfiltered cigarettes (0.9 mg/cig of nicotine content) or to the air without cigarette smoke (control group), using the Candela Constructions® exposure system. The animals were exposed for 4 hours daily, 5 days a week, with 2×70 mL puff/minute, until signs of dyspnea were observed. The animals were bled, and isolated platelets were used to monitor blood platelet respiration. The mitochondrial respiratory parameters of the platelets were monitored in vitro based on continuous recording of oxygen consumption by high-resolution respirometry. Results An elevated respiration trend was observed in the LEAK-state (adjusted for number of platelets) in the smoke-exposed animals: 6.75 (5.09) vs 2.53 (1.28) (pmol O2/[s ⋅ 1108 platelets]); bootstrap-boosted P1α=0.04. The study group also demonstrated lowered respiration in the ET-state (normalized for protein content): 12.31 (4.84) vs 16.48 (1.72) (pmol O2/[s ⋅ mg of protein]); bootstrap-boosted P1α=0.049. Conclusion Our results suggest increased proton and electron leak and decreased electron transfer system capacity in platelets from chronic smoke-exposed animals. These observations may also indicate that platelets play an important role in the pathobiology of COPD and its comorbidities and may serve as a background for possible therapeutic targeting. However, these preliminary outcomes should be further validated in studies based on larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Białas
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland,
| | - Karolina Siewiera
- Department of Hemostasis and Hemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary Watała
- Department of Hemostasis and Hemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Rybicka
- The animal house, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Grobelski
- The animal house, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Leon Kośmider
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jolanta Kurek
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | | | | | - Paweł Górski
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland,
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38
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Inoue K, Fry EA. Tumor suppression by the EGR1, DMP1, ARF, p53, and PTEN Network. Cancer Invest 2018; 36:520-536. [PMID: 30396285 PMCID: PMC6500763 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2018.1533965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that EGR1 is a direct regulator of tumor suppressors including TGFβ1, PTEN, and p53. The Myb-like transcription factor Dmp1 is a physiological regulator of the Arf-p53 pathway through transactivation of the Arf promoter and physical interaction of p53. The Dmp1 promoter has binding sites for Egr proteins, and Egr1 is a target for Dmp1. Crosstalks between p53 and PTEN have been reported. The Egr1-Dmp1-Arf-p53-Pten pathway displays multiple modes of interaction with each other, suggesting the existence of a functional network of tumor suppressors that maintain normal cell growth and prevent the emergence of incipient cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Inoue
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences,
Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Fry
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences,
Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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Schlesinger M. Role of platelets and platelet receptors in cancer metastasis. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:125. [PMID: 30305116 PMCID: PMC6180572 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0669-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of tumor cells with platelets is a prerequisite for successful hematogenous metastatic dissemination. Upon tumor cell arrival in the blood, tumor cells immediately activate platelets to form a permissive microenvironment. Platelets protect tumor cells from shear forces and assault of NK cells, recruit myeloid cells by secretion of chemokines, and mediate an arrest of the tumor cell platelet embolus at the vascular wall. Subsequently, platelet-derived growth factors confer a mesenchymal-like phenotype to tumor cells and open the capillary endothelium to expedite extravasation in distant organs. Finally, platelet-secreted growth factors stimulate tumor cell proliferation to micrometastatic foci. This review provides a synopsis on the current literature on platelet-mediated effects in cancer metastasis and particularly focuses on platelet adhesion receptors and their role in metastasis. Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) and hemi ITAM (hemITAM) comprising receptors, especially, glycoprotein VI (GPVI), FcγRIIa, and C-type lectin-like-2 receptor (CLEC-2) are turned in the spotlight since several new mechanisms and contributions to metastasis have been attributed to this family of platelet receptors in the last years.
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Morphometric analysis of spread platelets identifies integrin α IIbβ 3-specific contractile phenotype. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5428. [PMID: 29615672 PMCID: PMC5882949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23684-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemostatic platelet function is intimately linked to cellular mechanics and cytoskeletal morphology. How cytoskeletal reorganizations give rise to a highly contractile phenotype that is necessary for clot contraction remains poorly understood. To elucidate this process in vitro, we developed a morphometric screen to quantify the spatial organization of actin fibres and vinculin adhesion sites in single spread platelets. Platelets from healthy donors predominantly adopted a bipolar morphology on fibrinogen and fibronectin, whereas distinguishable, more isotropic phenotypes on collagen type I or laminin. Specific integrin αIIbβ3 inhibitors induced an isotropic cytoskeletal organization in a dose-dependent manner. The same trend was observed with decreasing matrix stiffness. Circular F-actin arrangements in platelets from a patient with type II Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) were consistent with the residual activity of a small number of αIIbβ3 integrins. Cytoskeletal morphologies in vitro thus inform about platelet adhesion receptor identity and functionality, and integrin αIIbβ3 mechanotransduction fundamentally determines the adoption of a bipolar phenotype associated with contraction. Super-resolution microscopy and electron microscopies further confirmed the stress fibre-like contractile actin architecture. For the first time, our assay allows the unbiased and quantitative assessment of platelet morphologies and could help to identify defective platelet behaviour contributing to elusive bleeding phenotypes.
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Qiao J, Arthur JF, Gardiner EE, Andrews RK, Zeng L, Xu K. Regulation of platelet activation and thrombus formation by reactive oxygen species. Redox Biol 2018; 14:126-130. [PMID: 28888895 PMCID: PMC5596263 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated within activated platelets and play an important role in regulating platelet responses to collagen and collagen-mediated thrombus formation. As a major collagen receptor, platelet-specific glycoprotein (GP)VI is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, with two extracellular Ig domains, a mucin domain, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tail. GPVI forms a functional complex with the Fc receptor γ-chain (FcRγ) that, following receptor dimerization, signals via an intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM), leading to rapid activation of Src family kinase signaling pathways. Our previous studies demonstrated that an unpaired thiol in the cytoplasmic tail of GPVI undergoes rapid oxidation to form GPVI homodimers in response to ligand binding, indicating an oxidative submembranous environment in platelets after GPVI stimulation. Using a redox-sensitive fluorescent dye (H2DCF-DA) in a flow cytometric assay to measure changes in intracellular ROS, we showed generation of ROS downstream of GPVI consists of two distinct phases: an initial Syk-independent burst followed by additional Syk-dependent generation. In this review, we will discuss recent findings on the regulation of platelet function by ROS, focusing on GPVI-dependent platelet activation and thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Qiao
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jane F Arthur
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Robert K Andrews
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lingyu Zeng
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Boulaftali Y, Mawhin M, Jandrot‐Perrus M, Ho‐Tin‐Noé B. Glycoprotein VI in securing vascular integrity in inflamed vessels. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2018; 2:228-239. [PMID: 30046725 PMCID: PMC5974920 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein VI (GPVI), the main platelet receptor for collagen, has been shown to play a central role in various models of thrombosis, and to be a minor actor of hemostasis at sites of trauma. These observations have made of GPVI a novel target for antithrombotic therapy, as its inhibition would ideally combine efficacy with safety. Nevertheless, recent studies have indicated that GPVI could play an important role in preventing bleeding caused by neutrophils in the inflamed skin and lungs. Remarkably, there is evidence that the GPVI-dependent hemostatic function of platelets at the acute phase of inflammation in these organs does not involve aggregation. From a therapeutic perspective, the vasculoprotective action of GPVI in inflammation suggests that blocking of GPVI might bear some risks of bleeding at sites of neutrophil infiltration. In this review, we summarize recent findings on GPVI functions in inflammation and discuss their possible clinical implications and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacine Boulaftali
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational ScienceSorbonne Paris CitéInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
| | - Marie‐Anne Mawhin
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational ScienceSorbonne Paris CitéInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
| | - Martine Jandrot‐Perrus
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational ScienceSorbonne Paris CitéInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
| | - Benoît Ho‐Tin‐Noé
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational ScienceSorbonne Paris CitéInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Université Paris DiderotParisFrance
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43
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Gardiner EE. Proteolytic processing of platelet receptors. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2018; 2:240-250. [PMID: 30046726 PMCID: PMC6055504 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets have a major role in hemostasis and an emerging role in biological processes including inflammation and immunity. Many of these processes require platelet adhesion and localization at sites of tissue damage or infection and regulated platelet activation, mediated by platelet adheso-signalling receptors, glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V and GPVI. Work from a number of laboratories has demonstrated that levels of these receptors are closely regulated by metalloproteinases of the A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase (ADAM) family, primarily ADAM17 and ADAM10. It is becoming increasingly evident that platelets have important roles in innate immunity, inflammation, and in combating infection that extends beyond processes of hemostasis. This overview will examine the molecular events that regulate levels of platelet receptors and then assess ramifications for these events in settings where hemostasis, inflammation, and infection processes are triggered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E. Gardiner
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and TherapeuticsJohn Curtin School of Medical ResearchThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
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Mangin PH, Onselaer MB, Receveur N, Le Lay N, Hardy AT, Wilson C, Sanchez X, Loyau S, Dupuis A, Babar AK, Miller JL, Philippou H, Hughes CE, Herr AB, Ariëns RA, Mezzano D, Jandrot-Perrus M, Gachet C, Watson SP. Immobilized fibrinogen activates human platelets through glycoprotein VI. Haematologica 2018; 103:898-907. [PMID: 29472360 PMCID: PMC5927996 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.182972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein VI, a major platelet activation receptor for collagen and fibrin, is considered a particularly promising, safe antithrombotic target. In this study, we show that human glycoprotein VI signals upon platelet adhesion to fibrinogen. Full spreading of human platelets on fibrinogen was abolished in platelets from glycoprotein VI- deficient patients suggesting that fibrinogen activates platelets through glycoprotein VI. While mouse platelets failed to spread on fibrinogen, human-glycoprotein VI-transgenic mouse platelets showed full spreading and increased Ca2+ signaling through the tyrosine kinase Syk. Direct binding of fibrinogen to human glycoprotein VI was shown by surface plasmon resonance and by increased adhesion to fibrinogen of human glycoprotein VI-transfected RBL-2H3 cells relative to mock-transfected cells. Blockade of human glycoprotein VI with the Fab of the monoclonal antibody 9O12 impaired platelet aggregation on preformed platelet aggregates in flowing blood independent of collagen and fibrin exposure. These results demonstrate that human glycoprotein VI binds to immobilized fibrinogen and show that this contributes to platelet spreading and platelet aggregation under flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre H Mangin
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, France
| | - Marie-Blanche Onselaer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, IBR Building, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicolas Receveur
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, France
| | - Nicolas Le Lay
- Université de Paris Diderot, INSERM UMR_S1148, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Alexander T Hardy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, IBR Building, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Clare Wilson
- Thrombosis and Tissue Repair Group, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Ximena Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Hemostasia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Stéphane Loyau
- Université de Paris Diderot, INSERM UMR_S1148, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Dupuis
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, France
| | - Amir K Babar
- Division of Immunobiology, Center for Systems Immunology & Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeanette Lc Miller
- Division of Immunobiology, Center for Systems Immunology & Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Helen Philippou
- Thrombosis and Tissue Repair Group, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Craig E Hughes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, IBR Building, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.,Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Harborne Building, University of Reading, UK
| | - Andrew B Herr
- Division of Immunobiology, Center for Systems Immunology & Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert As Ariëns
- Thrombosis and Tissue Repair Group, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Diego Mezzano
- Laboratorio de Hemostasia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- Université de Paris Diderot, INSERM UMR_S1148, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.,Acticor Biotech, Hôpital Bichat, INSERM, UMR-S 1148, Paris, France
| | - Christian Gachet
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, France
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, IBR Building, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK .,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK
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Induruwa I, Moroi M, Bonna A, Malcor J, Howes J, Warburton EA, Farndale RW, Jung SM. Platelet collagen receptor Glycoprotein VI-dimer recognizes fibrinogen and fibrin through their D-domains, contributing to platelet adhesion and activation during thrombus formation. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:389-404. [PMID: 29210180 PMCID: PMC5838801 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Glycoprotein VI (GPVI) binds collagen, starting thrombogenesis, and fibrin, stabilizing thrombi. GPVI-dimers, not monomers, recognize immobilized fibrinogen and fibrin through their D-domains. Collagen, D-fragment and D-dimer may share a common or proximate binding site(s) on GPVI-dimer. GPVI-dimer-fibrin interaction supports spreading, activation and adhesion involving αIIbβ3. SUMMARY Background Platelet collagen receptor Glycoprotein VI (GPVI) binds collagen, initiating thrombogenesis, and stabilizes thrombi by binding fibrin. Objectives To determine if GPVI-dimer, GPVI-monomer, or both bind to fibrinogen substrates, and which region common to these substrates contains the interaction site. Methods Recombinant GPVI monomeric extracellular domain (GPVIex ) or dimeric Fc-fusion protein (GPVI-Fc2 ) binding to immobilized fibrinogen derivatives was measured by ELISA, including competition assays involving collagenous substrates and fibrinogen derivatives. Flow adhesion was performed with normal or Glanzmann thrombasthenic (GT) platelets over immobilized fibrinogen, with or without anti-GPVI-dimer or anti-αIIbβ3. Results Under static conditions, GPVIex did not bind to any fibrinogen substrate. GPVI-Fc2 exhibited specific, saturable binding to both D-fragment and D-dimer, which was inhibited by mFab-F (anti-GPVI-dimer), but showed low binding to fibrinogen and fibrin under our conditions. GPVI-Fc2 binding to D-fragment or D-dimer was abrogated by collagen type III, Horm collagen or CRP-XL (crosslinked collagen-related peptide), suggesting proximity between the D-domain and collagen binding sites on GPVI-dimer. Under low shear, adhesion of normal platelets to D-fragment, D-dimer, fibrinogen and fibrin was inhibited by mFab-F (inhibitor of GPVI-dimer) and abolished by Eptifibatide (inhibitor of αIIbβ3), suggesting that both receptors contribute to thrombus formation on these substrates, but αIIbβ3 makes a greater contribution. Notably, thrombasthenic platelets showed limited adhesion to fibrinogen substrates under flow, which was further reduced by mFab-F, supporting some independent GPVI-dimer involvement in this interaction. Conclusion Only dimeric GPVI interacts with fibrinogen D-domain, at a site proximate to its collagen binding site, to support platelet adhesion/activation/aggregate formation on immobilized fibrinogen and polymerized fibrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Induruwa
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - M. Moroi
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - A. Bonna
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - J.‐D. Malcor
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - J.‐M. Howes
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - E. A. Warburton
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - R. W. Farndale
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - S. M. Jung
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Lee MY, Verni CC, Herbig BA, Diamond SL. Soluble fibrin causes an acquired platelet glycoprotein VI signaling defect: implications for coagulopathy. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:2396-2407. [PMID: 28981200 PMCID: PMC5716900 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Collagen and thrombin when used simultaneously generate highly activated platelets. The effect of thrombin stimulation on subsequent glycoprotein VI (GPVI) function was observed. Soluble fibrin, but not protease activated receptor (PAR) activation, prevented GPVI activation. Circulating soluble fibrin in coagulopathic blood may cause an acquired GPVI signaling defect. SUMMARY Background In coagulopathic blood, circulating thrombin may drive platelet dysfunction. Methods/Results Using calcium dye-loaded platelets, the effect of thrombin exposure and soluble fibrin generation on subsequent platelet GPVI function was investigated. Exposure of apixaban-treated platelet-rich plasma (12% PRP) to thrombin (1-10 nm), but not ADP or thromboxane mimetic U46619 exposure, dramatically blocked subsequent GPVI activation by convulxin, collagen-related peptide or fibrillar collagen. Consistent with soluble fibrin multimerizing and binding GPVI, the onset of convulxin insensitivity required 200-500 s of thrombin exposure, was not mimicked by exposure to PAR-1/4 activating peptides, was not observed with washed platelets, and was blocked by fibrin polymerization inhibitor (GPRP) or factor XIIIa inhibitor (T101). PAR-1 signaling through Gαq was not required because vorapaxar blocked thrombin-induced calcium mobilization but had no effect on the ability of thrombin to impair GPVI-signaling. Convulxin insensitivity was unaffected by the metalloprotease inhibitor GM6001 or the αIIb β3 antagonist GR144053, indicating negligible roles for GPVI shedding or αIIb β3 binding of fibrin. Thrombin treatment of washed platelets resuspended in purified fibrinogen also produced convulxin insensitivity that was prevented by GPRP. Exposure of apixaban/PPACK-treated whole blood to thrombin-treated fibrinogen resulted in > 50% decrease in platelet deposition in a collagen microfluidic assay that required soluble fibrin assembly. Conclusions Conversion of only 1% plasma fibrinogen in coagulopathic blood would generate 90 nm soluble fibrin, far exceeding ~1 nmGPVI in blood. Soluble fibrin, rather than thrombin-induced platelet activation throuh PAR-1 and PAR-4, downregulated GPVI-signaling in response to stimuli, and may lead to subsequent hypofunction of endogenous or transfused platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yan Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher C. Verni
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bradley A. Herbig
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Scott L. Diamond
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Platelets and vascular integrity: how platelets prevent bleeding in inflammation. Blood 2017; 131:277-288. [PMID: 29191915 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-06-742676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a central role in primary hemostasis by forming aggregates that plug holes in injured vessels. Half a century ago, detailed studies of the microvasculature by electron microscopy revealed that under inflammatory conditions that do not induce major disruption to vascular structure, individual platelets are mobilized to the vessel wall, where they interact with leukocytes and appear to seal gaps that arise between endothelial cells. Recent developments in genetic engineering and intravital microscopy have allowed further molecular and temporal characterization of these events. Surprisingly, it turns out that platelets support the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. In parallel, however, they exercise their hemostatic function by securing the integrity of inflamed blood vessels to prevent bleeding from sites of leukocyte infiltration. It thus appears that platelets not only serve in concert as building blocks of the hemostatic plug but also act individually as gatekeepers of the vascular wall to help preserve vascular integrity while coordinating host defense. Variants of this recently appreciated hemostatic function of platelets that we refer to as "inflammation-associated hemostasis" are engaged in different contexts in which the endothelium is challenged or dysfunctional. Although the distinguishing characteristics of these variants and the underlying mechanisms of inflammation-associated hemostasis remain to be fully elucidated, they can differ notably from those supporting thrombosis, thus presenting therapeutic opportunities.
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Arthur JF, Gardiner EE, Andrews RK, Al-Tamimi M. Focusing on plasma glycoprotein VI. Thromb Haemost 2017; 107:648-55. [DOI: 10.1160/th11-10-0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SummaryNew methods for analysing both platelet and plasma forms of the platelet-specific collagen receptor, glycoprotein VI (GPVI) in experimental models or human clinical samples, and the development of the first therapeutic compounds based on dimeric soluble GPVI-Fc or anti-GPVI antibody-based constructs, coincide with increased understanding of the potential pathophysiological role of GPVI ligand binding and shedding. Platelet GPVI not only mediates platelet activation at the site of vascular injury where collagen is exposed, but is also implicated in the pathogenesis of other diseases, such as atherosclerosis and coagulopathy, rheumatoid arthritis and tumour metastasis. Here, we describe some of the critical mechanisms for generating soluble GPVI from platelets, and future avenues for exploiting this unique platelet-specific receptor for diagnosis and/or disease prevention.
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Platelet glycoprotein VI aids in local immunity during pneumonia-derived sepsis caused by gram-negative bacteria. Blood 2017; 131:864-876. [PMID: 29187378 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-06-788067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and podoplanin receptor C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC2) are receptors implicated in platelet activation that both signal via an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif. Platelets are necessary for host defense and prevention of hemorrhage during sepsis, but the role of platelet GPVI and CLEC2 herein is unknown. To investigate this, we infected mice depleted of platelet GPVI or CLEC2 by antibody treatment or GPVI-/- mice with the common human sepsis pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae via the airways to induce pneumonia-derived sepsis. The GPVI ligand collagen and the CLEC2 ligand podoplanin were constitutively present in the lung, whereas the GPVI ligands fibrin and histone were induced during pneumonia. During late-stage infection, both mice depleted of GPVI and GPVI-/- mice showed increased bacterial growth in lungs, and GPVI-/- mice also showed increased bacterial growth in distant body sites. Despite higher bacterial loads, GPVI-depleted mice showed reduced platelet numbers, platelet activation, and platelet-leukocyte complex formation in the bronchoalveolar space. Consistently, in human whole blood, GPVI stimulation of platelets increased platelet-leukocyte complex formation and leukocyte activation, which was accompanied by enhanced phagocytosis of Klebsiella GPVI-depleted mice showed increased lung hemorrhage during infection, but not to the extent observed in platelet-depleted mice, and lung bleeding was not significantly different between GPVI-/- and wild-type mice. CLEC2 depletion did not affect any of the responses during pneumonia. These results suggest that platelet GPVI, but not CLEC2, contributes to local host defense during pneumonia-derived sepsis by enhancing leukocyte function.
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50
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Jamasbi J, Ayabe K, Goto S, Nieswandt B, Peter K, Siess W. Platelet receptors as therapeutic targets: Past, present and future. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1249-1257. [DOI: 10.1160/th16-12-0911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SummaryAnti-platelet drugs reduce arterial thrombosis after plaque rupture and erosion, prevent stent thrombosis and are used to prevent and treat myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke. Some of them may also be helpful in treating less frequent diseases such as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. The present concise review aims to cover current and future developments of anti-platelet drugs interfering with the interaction of von Willebrand factor (VWF) with glycoprotein (GP) Ibα, and directed against GPVI, GPIIb/IIIa (integrin αIIbβ3), the thrombin receptor PAR-1, and the ADP receptor P2Y12. The high expectations of having novel antiplatelet drugs which selectively inhibit arterial thrombosis without interfering with normal haemostasis could possibly be met in the near future.
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