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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Loss of chromosome 7 has long been associated with adverse-risk myeloid malignancy. In the last decade, CUX1 has been identified as a critical tumor suppressor gene (TSG) located within a commonly deleted segment of chromosome arm 7q. Additional genes encoded on 7q have also been identified as bona fide myeloid tumor suppressors, further implicating chromosome 7 deletions in disease pathogenesis. This review will discuss the clinical implications of del(7q) and CUX1 mutations, both in disease and clonal hematopoiesis, and synthesize recent literature on CUX1 and other chromosome 7 TSGs. RECENT FINDINGS Two major studies, including a new mouse model, have been published that support a role for CUX1 inactivation in the development of myeloid neoplasms. Additional recent studies describe the cellular and hematopoietic effects from loss of the 7q genes LUC7L2 and KMT2C/MLL3, and the implications of chromosome 7 deletions in clonal hematopoiesis. SUMMARY Mounting evidence supports CUX1 as being a key chromosome 7 TSG. As 7q encodes additional myeloid regulators and tumor suppressors, improved models of chromosome loss are needed to interrogate combinatorial loss of these critical 7q genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan E McNerney
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology
- The University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Pessoa Rodrigues C, Akhtar A. Differential H4K16ac levels ensure a balance between quiescence and activation in hematopoietic stem cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi5987. [PMID: 34362741 PMCID: PMC8346211 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi5987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are able to reconstitute the bone marrow while retaining their self-renewal property. Individual HSCs demonstrate heterogeneity in their repopulating capacities. Here, we found that the levels of the histone acetyltransferase MOF (males absent on the first) and its target modification histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation are heterogeneous among HSCs and influence their proliferation capacities. The increased proliferative capacities of MOF-depleted cells are linked to their expression of CD93. The CD93+ HSC subpopulation simultaneously shows transcriptional features of quiescent HSCs and functional features of active HSCs. CD93+ HSCs were expanded and exhibited an enhanced proliferative advantage in Mof +/- animals reminiscent of a premalignant state. Accordingly, low MOF and high CD93 levels correlate with poor survival and increased proliferation capacity in leukemia. Collectively, our study indicates H4K16ac as an important determinant for HSC heterogeneity, which is linked to the onset of monocytic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Pessoa Rodrigues
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Asifa Akhtar
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.
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3
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MLL5 improves ATRA driven differentiation and promotes xenotransplant engraftment in acute promyelocytic leukemia model. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:371. [PMID: 33824267 PMCID: PMC8024355 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the mixed lineage leukemia 5 (MLL5) gene has prognostic implications in acute promyelocyte leukemia (APL), the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate the critical role exerted by MLL5 in APL regarding cell proliferation and resistance to drug-induced apoptosis, through mtROS regulation. Additionally, MLL5 overexpression increased the responsiveness of APL leukemic cells to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced differentiation, via regulation of the epigenetic modifiers SETD7 and LSD1. In silico analysis indicated that APL blasts with MLL5high transcript levels were associated with retinoic acid binding and downstream signaling, while MLL5low blasts displayed decreased expression of epigenetic modifiers (such as KMT2C, PHF8 and ARID4A). Finally, APL xenograft transplants demonstrated improved engraftment of MLL5-expressing cells and increased myeloid differentiation over time. Concordantly, evaluation of engrafted blasts revealed increased responsiveness of MLL5-expressing cells to ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation. Together, we describe the epigenetic changes triggered by the interaction of MLL5 and ATRA resulting in enhanced granulocytic differentiation.
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Shao L, Zhang Y, Gong X, Dong Z, Wei W, Sun H, Sun R, Cong L, Cong X, Jin S. Effects of MLL5 and HOXA regulated by NRP1 on radioresistance in A549. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:403. [PMID: 33777226 PMCID: PMC7988706 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is widely used in the management of lung cancer, and physicians are aware that the effect of radiotherapy is dependent on radiosensitivity. Although a series of blockers and activators targeting molecules related to radioresistance have been developed as radiation sensitizers, compensatory mechanisms or drug resistance limits their clinical efficacy. The identification of a key molecule related to lung cancer cell radioresistance or an effective molecular target is a challenging but important problem in radiation oncology. A previous study found that neuropilin 1 (NRP1) is related to radioresistance in A549 cells and is associated with VEGF, PI3K-Akt, MAPK-ERK, P38, NF-κβ and TGF-β. Inhibition of NRP1 can increase the radiosensitivity of A549 cells. Therefore, NRP1 may be a molecular target for radiotherapy-sensitizing drugs in lung cancer. The present study investigated the key downstream genes of NRP1, verified their regulation and clarified their roles in regulating lung cancer radioresistance. NRP1 positively regulated the downstream homeobox genes (HOXs) HOXA6, HOXA9 and mixed lineage leukaemia 5 (MLL5) in addition to MLL5-regulated HOXA6 and HOXA9, but these genes did not regulate NRP1. MLL5, HOXA6 and HOXA9 levels were decreased in tumour tissues and positively correlated with NRP1. All of these genes were induced by ionizing radiation in vivo and in vitro. NRP1 expression was significantly lower in squamous cell carcinoma compared with that in adenocarcinoma, and lymph node metastasis occurred more often in patients with lung cancer with high MLL5 and NRP1 expression compared with patients with low MLL5 and NRP1 expression. Collectively, these data confirmed that NRP1 is associated with MLL5 and regulates radioresistance through HOXA6 and HOXA9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Shao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Xinkou Gong
- Department Radiology, 2nd Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Dong
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Ran Sun
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Lele Cong
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Xianling Cong
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Shunzi Jin
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
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Li Y, Fan L, Luo R, Yang Z, Yuan M, Zhang J, Gan J. Case Report: De novo Variants of KMT2E Cause O'Donnell-Luria-Rodan Syndrome: Additional Cases and Literature Review. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:641841. [PMID: 33681112 PMCID: PMC7935518 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.641841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: O'Donnell-Luria-Rodan syndrome was recently identified as an autosomal dominant systemic disorder caused by variants in KMT2E. It is characterized by global developmental delay, some patients also exhibit autism, seizures, hypotonia, and/or feeding difficulties. Methods: Whole-exome sequencing of family trios were performed for two independent children with unexplained recurrent seizures and developmental delay. Both cases were identified as having de novo variants in KMT2E. We also collected and summarized the clinical data and diagnosed them with O'Donnell-Luria-Rodan syndrome. Structural-prediction programs were used to draw the variants' locations. Results: A 186 G>A synonymous variant [NM_182931.3:exon4: c.186G>A (p.Ala62=)] was found in one family, resulting in alternative splicing acid. A 5417 C>T transition variant [NM_182931.3:exon27: c.5417C>T (p.Pro1806Leu)] was found in another family, resulting in 1806 Pro-to-Leu substitution. Both variants were classified as likely pathogenic according to the ACMG (American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics) guidelines and verified by Sanger sequencing. Conclusion: To date, three studies of O'Donnell-Luria-Rodan syndrome have been reported with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. As a newly recognized inherited systemic disorder, O'Donnell-Luria-Rodan syndrome needs to be paid more attention, especially in gene testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijuan Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Meng Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinxiu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Gan
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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6
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Yang Z, Jiang H. A chromatin perspective on metabolic and genotoxic impacts on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4031-4047. [PMID: 32318759 PMCID: PMC7541408 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fate determination in self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSCs and HPCs) is ultimately controlled by gene expression, which is profoundly influenced by the global and local chromatin state. Cellular metabolism directly influences the chromatin state through the dynamic regulation of the enzymatic activities that modify DNA and histones, but also generates genotoxic metabolites that can damage DNA and thus pose threat to the genome integrity. On the other hand, mechanisms modulating the chromatin state impact metabolism by regulating the expression and activities of key metabolic enzymes. Moreover, through regulating either DNA damage response directly or expression of genes involved in this process, chromatin modulators play active and crucial roles in guarding the genome integrity, breaching of which results in defective HSPC function. Therefore, HSPC function is regulated by the dynamic and two-way interactions between metabolism and chromatin. Here, we review recent advances that provide a chromatin perspective on the major impacts the metabolic and genotoxic factors can have on HSPC function and fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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Laaref AM, Manchon L, Bareche Y, Lapasset L, Tazi J. The core spliceosomal factor U2AF1 controls cell-fate determination via the modulation of transcriptional networks. RNA Biol 2020; 17:857-871. [PMID: 32150510 PMCID: PMC7549707 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1733800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) plays a central role during cell-fate determination. However, how the core spliceosomal factors (CSFs) are involved in this process is poorly understood. Here, we report the down-regulation of the U2AF1 CSF during stem cell differentiation. To investigate its function in stemness and differentiation, we downregulated U2AF1 in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), using an inducible-shRNA system, to the level found in differentiated ectodermal, mesodermal and endodermal cells. RNA sequencing and computational analysis reveal that U2AF1 down-regulation modulates the expression of development-regulating genes and regulates transcriptional networks involved in cell-fate determination. Furthermore, U2AF1 down-regulation induces a switch in the AS of transcription factors (TFs) required to establish specific cell lineages, and favours the splicing of a differentiated cell-specific isoform of DNMT3B. Our results showed that the differential expression of the core spliceosomal factor U2AF1, between stem cells and the precursors of the three germ layers regulates a cell-type-specific alternative splicing programme and a transcriptional network involved in cell-fate determination via the modulation of gene expression and alternative splicing of transcription regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yacine Bareche
- IGMM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, J. C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure Lapasset
- IGMM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- VP research, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jamal Tazi
- IGMM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Lead Contact
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8
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Wang JJ, Zhang T, Chen QM, Zhang RQ, Li L, Cheng SF, Shen W, Lei CZ. Genomic Signatures of Selection Associated With Litter Size Trait in Jining Gray Goat. Front Genet 2020; 11:286. [PMID: 32273886 PMCID: PMC7113370 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Litter size (LS), an important economic trait in livestock, is so complicate that involves many aspects of reproduction, the underlying mechanism of which particularly in goat has always been scanty. To uncover the genetic basis of LS, the genomic sequence of Jining Gray goat groups (one famous breed for high prolificacy in China) with LS 1, 2, and 3 for firstborn was analyzed, obtaining 563.67 Gb sequence data and a total of 31,864,651 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms loci were identified. Particularly, the increased heterozygosity in higher LS groups, and large continuous homozygous segments associated with lower LS group had been uncovered. Through an integrated analysis of three popular methods for detecting selective sweeps (Fst, nucleotide diversity, and Tajima’s D statistic), 111 selected regions and 42 genes associated with LS were scanned genome wide. The candidate genes with highest selective signatures included KIT, KCNH7, and KMT2E in LS2 and PAK1, PRKAA1, and SMAD9 in LS3 group, respectively. Meanwhile, functional terms of programmed cell death involved in cell development and regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway were mostly enriched with 42 candidate genes, which also included reproduction related terms of steroid metabolic process and cellular response to hormone stimulus. In conclusion, our study identified novel candidate genes involving in regulation of LS in goat, which expand our understanding of genetic fundament of reproductive ability, and the novel insights regarding to LS would be potentially applied to improve reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qiu-Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Rui-Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shun-Feng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chu-Zhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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9
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O'Donnell-Luria AH, Pais LS, Faundes V, Wood JC, Sveden A, Luria V, Abou Jamra R, Accogli A, Amburgey K, Anderlid BM, Azzarello-Burri S, Basinger AA, Bianchini C, Bird LM, Buchert R, Carre W, Ceulemans S, Charles P, Cox H, Culliton L, Currò A, Demurger F, Dowling JJ, Duban-Bedu B, Dubourg C, Eiset SE, Escobar LF, Ferrarini A, Haack TB, Hashim M, Heide S, Helbig KL, Helbig I, Heredia R, Héron D, Isidor B, Jonasson AR, Joset P, Keren B, Kok F, Kroes HY, Lavillaureix A, Lu X, Maas SM, Maegawa GHB, Marcelis CLM, Mark PR, Masruha MR, McLaughlin HM, McWalter K, Melchinger EU, Mercimek-Andrews S, Nava C, Pendziwiat M, Person R, Ramelli GP, Ramos LLP, Rauch A, Reavey C, Renieri A, Rieß A, Sanchez-Valle A, Sattar S, Saunders C, Schwarz N, Smol T, Srour M, Steindl K, Syrbe S, Taylor JC, Telegrafi A, Thiffault I, Trauner DA, van der Linden H, van Koningsbruggen S, Villard L, Vogel I, Vogt J, Weber YG, Wentzensen IM, Widjaja E, Zak J, Baxter S, Banka S, Rodan LH. Heterozygous Variants in KMT2E Cause a Spectrum of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Epilepsy. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:1210-1222. [PMID: 31079897 PMCID: PMC6556837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We delineate a KMT2E-related neurodevelopmental disorder on the basis of 38 individuals in 36 families. This study includes 31 distinct heterozygous variants in KMT2E (28 ascertained from Matchmaker Exchange and three previously reported), and four individuals with chromosome 7q22.2-22.23 microdeletions encompassing KMT2E (one previously reported). Almost all variants occurred de novo, and most were truncating. Most affected individuals with protein-truncating variants presented with mild intellectual disability. One-quarter of individuals met criteria for autism. Additional common features include macrocephaly, hypotonia, functional gastrointestinal abnormalities, and a subtle facial gestalt. Epilepsy was present in about one-fifth of individuals with truncating variants and was responsive to treatment with anti-epileptic medications in almost all. More than 70% of the individuals were male, and expressivity was variable by sex; epilepsy was more common in females and autism more common in males. The four individuals with microdeletions encompassing KMT2E generally presented similarly to those with truncating variants, but the degree of developmental delay was greater. The group of four individuals with missense variants in KMT2E presented with the most severe developmental delays. Epilepsy was present in all individuals with missense variants, often manifesting as treatment-resistant infantile epileptic encephalopathy. Microcephaly was also common in this group. Haploinsufficiency versus gain-of-function or dominant-negative effects specific to these missense variants in KMT2E might explain this divergence in phenotype, but requires independent validation. Disruptive variants in KMT2E are an under-recognized cause of neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne H O'Donnell-Luria
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Lynn S Pais
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Víctor Faundes
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Laboratorio de Genética y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jordan C Wood
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Abigail Sveden
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Victor Luria
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Quebec, Canada; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università degli studi di Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Kimberly Amburgey
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1X8, ON, Canada
| | - Britt Marie Anderlid
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Silvia Azzarello-Burri
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Alice A Basinger
- Genetics, Cook Children's Physician Network, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
| | - Claudia Bianchini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics, and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Lynne M Bird
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Division of Genetics, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Rebecca Buchert
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Wilfrid Carre
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes 35033, France
| | - Sophia Ceulemans
- Division of Genetics, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Perrine Charles
- Department of Genetics, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75013, France; Groupe de Recherche Clinique Déficience Intellectuelle et Autisme, Sorbonne University, Paris 75006, France
| | - Helen Cox
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK; Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Lisa Culliton
- Department of Neurology, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Aurora Currò
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Florence Demurger
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Centre Labellisé Anomalies du Développement-Ouest, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - James J Dowling
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1X8, ON, Canada
| | - Benedicte Duban-Bedu
- Centre de Génétique Chromosomique, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, 59020 Lille, France; Faculté de médecine de l'Université Catholoique de Lille, 59800 Lille, France
| | - Christèle Dubourg
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes 35033, France
| | - Saga Elise Eiset
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Luis F Escobar
- St. Vincent's Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA
| | - Alessandra Ferrarini
- Medical Genetic Unit, Italian Hospital of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Mona Hashim
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Solveig Heide
- Department of Genetics, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75013, France; Groupe de Recherche Clinique Déficience Intellectuelle et Autisme, Sorbonne University, Paris 75006, France
| | - Katherine L Helbig
- Division of Neurology and Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Division of Neurology and Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 USA; Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Delphine Héron
- Department of Genetics, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75013, France; Groupe de Recherche Clinique Déficience Intellectuelle et Autisme, Sorbonne University, Paris 75006, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Amy R Jonasson
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, FL 32610, USA
| | - Pascal Joset
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Boris Keren
- Department of Genetics, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75013, France; Groupe de Recherche Clinique Déficience Intellectuelle et Autisme, Sorbonne University, Paris 75006, France
| | - Fernando Kok
- Mendelics Genomic Analysis, Sao Paulo 04013, Brazil
| | - Hester Y Kroes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alinoë Lavillaureix
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Centre Labellisé Anomalies du Développement-Ouest, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Xin Lu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Saskia M Maas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gustavo H B Maegawa
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, FL 32610, USA
| | - Carlo L M Marcelis
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul R Mark
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI 49544, USA
| | - Marcelo R Masruha
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade de Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023, Brazil
| | | | | | - Esther U Melchinger
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Saadet Mercimek-Andrews
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Caroline Nava
- Department of Genetics, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75013, France; Groupe de Recherche Clinique Déficience Intellectuelle et Autisme, Sorbonne University, Paris 75006, France
| | - Manuela Pendziwiat
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Gian Paolo Ramelli
- Neuropediatric Unit, Pediatric Department of Southern Switzerland, San Giovanni Hospital, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zurich 8057, Switzerland; Rare Disease Initiative Zürich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Angelika Rieß
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Amarilis Sanchez-Valle
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
| | - Shifteh Sattar
- Section of Pediatric Neurology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carol Saunders
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Niklas Schwarz
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Smol
- EA7364 Rares du Developpement Embryonnaire et du Metabolisme, Institut de Genetique Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Myriam Srour
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Syrbe
- Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Paediatrics, Centre for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny C Taylor
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | | | - Isabelle Thiffault
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Doris A Trauner
- Section of Pediatric Neurology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Helio van der Linden
- Pediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology, Instituto de Neurologia de Goiania, Goiania 74210, Brazil
| | - Silvana van Koningsbruggen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laurent Villard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, 13005 Marseille, France; Marseille Medical Genetics Center, Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Ida Vogel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julie Vogt
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK; Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Yvonne G Weber
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department for Neurosurgery, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Elysa Widjaja
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X8, ON, Canada
| | - Jaroslav Zak
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Samantha Baxter
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Lance H Rodan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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10
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Lan H, Wu L, Fan K, Sun R, Yang G, Zhang F, Yang K, Lin X, Chen Y, Tian J, Wang S. Set3 Is Required for Asexual Development, Aflatoxin Biosynthesis, and Fungal Virulence in Aspergillus flavus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:530. [PMID: 31001207 PMCID: PMC6455067 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus for both plant and animal that produces carcinogenic toxins termed aflatoxins (AFs). To identify possible genetic targets to reduce AF contamination, in this study, we have characterized a novel A. flavus Set3, and it shares sequence homology with the yeast protein Set3. The set3 deletion mutants present no difference in growth rate but alterations in asexual development and secondary metabolite production when compared to the A. flavus wild type. Specifically, deletion of set3 gene decreases conidiophore formation and conidial production through downregulating expression of brlA and abaA genes. In addition, normal levels of set3 are required for sclerotial development and expression of sclerotia-related genes nsdC and sclR. Further analyses demonstrated that Set3 negatively regulates AF production as well as the concomitant expression of genes in the AF gene cluster. Importantly, our results also display that A. flavus Set3 is involved in crop kernel colonization. Taking together, these results reveal that a novel Set3 plays crucial roles in morphological development, secondary metabolism, and fungal virulence in A. flavus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahui Lan
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lianghuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruilin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kunlong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaolu Lin
- Longyan City Corporation of Fujian Tobacco Corporation, Longyan, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Tian
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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11
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SET domains and stress: uncovering new functions for yeast Set4. Curr Genet 2018; 65:643-648. [PMID: 30523388 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-0917-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin dynamics are central to the regulation of gene expression and genome stability, particularly in the presence of environmental signals or stresses that prompt rapid reprogramming of the genome to promote survival or differentiation. While numerous chromatin regulators have been implicated in modulating cellular responses to stress, gaps in our mechanistic understanding of chromatin-based changes during stress suggest that additional proteins are likely critical to these responses and the molecular details underlying their activities are unclear in many cases. We recently identified a role for the relatively uncharacterized SET domain protein Set4 in promoting cell survival during oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Set4 is a member of the Set3 subfamily of SET domain proteins which are defined by the presence of a PHD finger and divergent SET domain sequences. Here, we integrate our new observations on the function of Set4 with known roles for other related family members, including yeast Set3, fly UpSET and mammalian proteins MLL5 and SETD5. We discuss outstanding questions regarding the molecular mechanisms by which these proteins control gene expression and their potential contributions to cellular responses to environmental stress.
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12
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Predictors of clinical responses to hypomethylating agents in acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes. Ann Hematol 2018; 97:2025-2038. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-018-3464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Heuser M, Yun H, Thol F. Epigenetics in myelodysplastic syndromes. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 51:170-179. [PMID: 28778402 PMCID: PMC7116652 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulators are the largest group of genes mutated in MDS patients. Most mutated genes belong to one of three groups of genes with normal functions in DNA methylation, in H3K27 methylation/acetylation or in H3K4 methylation. Mutations in the majority of epigenetic regulators disrupt their normal function and induce a loss-of-function phenotype. The transcriptional consequences are often failure to repress differentiation programs and upregulation of self-renewal pathways. However, the mechanisms how different epigenetic regulators result in similar transcriptional consequences are not well understood. Hypomethylating agents are active in higher risk MDS patients, but their efficacy does not correlate with mutations in epigenetic regulators and the median duration of hematologic response is limited to 10-13 months. Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDAC) yielded disappointing results so far, questioning this approach in MDS patients. We review the clinical relevance of epigenetic mutations in MDS, discuss their functional consequences and highlight the role of epigenetic therapies in this difficult to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Haiyang Yun
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Addenbrooke's Hospital, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Felicitas Thol
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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14
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Shallis RM, Ahmad R, Zeidan AM. The genetic and molecular pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes. Eur J Haematol 2018; 101:260-271. [PMID: 29742289 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise a diverse group of clonal and malignant myeloid disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, resultant peripheral cytopenias, and a meaningful increased risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia. A wide array of recurring genetic mutations involved in RNA splicing, histone manipulation, DNA methylation, transcription factors, kinase signaling, DNA repair, cohesin proteins, and other signal transduction elements has been identified as important substrates for the development of MDS. Cytogenetic abnormalities, namely those characterized by loss of genetic material (including 5q- and 7q-), have also been strongly implicated and may influence the clonal architecture which predicts such mutations and may provoke an inflammatory bone marrow microenvironment as the substrate for clonal expansion. Other aspects of the molecular pathogenesis of MDS continue to be further elucidated, predicated upon advances in gene expression profiling and the development of new, and improved high-throughput techniques. More accurate understanding of the genetic and molecular basis for the development of MDS directly provides additional opportunity for treatment, which to date remains limited. In this comprehensive review, we examine the current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and pathophysiology of MDS, as well as review future prospects which may enhance this understanding, treatment strategies, and hopefully outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory M Shallis
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rami Ahmad
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amer M Zeidan
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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15
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Wang W, Chaturbedi A, Wang M, An S, Santhi Velayudhan S, Lee SS. SET-9 and SET-26 are H3K4me3 readers and play critical roles in germline development and longevity. eLife 2018; 7:34970. [PMID: 29714684 PMCID: PMC6010342 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
C. elegans SET-9 and SET-26 are highly homologous paralogs that share redundant functions in germline development, but SET-26 alone plays a key role in longevity and heat stress response. Whereas SET-26 is broadly expressed, SET-9 is only detectable in the germline, which likely accounts for their different biological roles. SET-9 and SET-26 bind to H3K4me3 with adjacent acetylation marks in vitro and in vivo. In the soma, SET-26 acts through DAF-16 to modulate longevity. In the germline, SET-9 and SET-26 restrict H3K4me3 domains around SET-9 and SET-26 binding sites, and regulate the expression of specific target genes, with critical consequence on germline development. SET-9 and SET-26 are highly conserved and our findings provide new insights into the functions of these H3K4me3 readers in germline development and longevity. Cells keep their DNA organized by wrapping it around groups of proteins called histones. These structures not only keep the genetic code tidy, they also affect how and when a cell uses its genes. This is because small chemical groups that are added to histones, such as a methyl group added to the fourth position of histone H3 (known as H3K4me3), affect which proteins can access the surrounding genes. This in turn determines whether those genes are likely to be on or off. Many proteins help to regulate histone modifications, including proteins that add or remove the specific chemical groups. Enzymes that add a methyl group to histone usually contain a region called SET; while proteins containing a structure called a PHD finger can recognize histone modifications and help to amplify the signal to switch a gene on or off. SET-9 and SET-26 are two proteins containing both SET regions and PHD fingers. Found in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, these proteins are 97% identical. Changes in histone modifications can affect the lifespan of these worms, and the number of offspring they produce. Recent work revealed that loss of SET-9 and SET-26 makes the worms live longer. Now, Wang et al. use gene editing to better understand how these proteins have their effects. Experiments with worms lacking the gene for SET-9 or SET-26 or both revealed that, despite looking almost identical, SET-9 and SET-26 have different roles. Every cell in the worm makes SET-26 protein and getting rid of it increases their lifespan by affecting the activity of a protein called DAF-16. But, only the cells in the reproductive system make SET-9, and both proteins play a role in fertility. A technique called ChIP-seq revealed where each protein attached to the genome. The PHD fingers of SET-9 and SET-26 bound to around half of the possible H3K4me3 modification sites. Not all the possible sites actually had a methyl group attached, and the pattern of binding matched the pattern of modifications. This indicates that the two proteins arrive only once the positions already have their methyl groups. Getting rid of the SET-9 and SET-26 proteins increased the number of H3K4me3 sites with methyl groups attached. This suggests that the role of SET-9 and SET-26 is to stop the spread of H3K4me3 modifications, controlling the use of certain genes. In mammals, the proteins SETD5 and MLL5 likely do the job of SET-9 and SET-26. Understanding how they work in worms could further our understanding of fertility and ageing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenke Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Amaresh Chaturbedi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Minghui Wang
- Computational Biology Service Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Serim An
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | | | - Siu Sylvia Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
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16
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MLL5 suppresses antiviral innate immune response by facilitating STUB1-mediated RIG-I degradation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1243. [PMID: 29593341 PMCID: PMC5871759 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Trithorax group protein MLL5 is an important epigenetic modifier that controls cell cycle progression, chromatin architecture maintenance, and hematopoiesis. However, whether MLL5 has a role in innate antiviral immunity is largely unknown. Here we show that MLL5 suppresses the RIG-I-mediated anti-viral immune response. Mll5-deficient mice infected with vesicular stomatitis virus show enhanced anti-viral innate immunity, reduced morbidity, and viral load. Mechanistically, a fraction of MLL5 located in the cytoplasm interacts with both RIG-I and its E3 ubiquitin ligase STUB1, which promotes K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of RIG-I. MLL5 deficiency attenuates the RIG-I and STUB1 association, reducing K48-linked polyubiquitination and accumulation of RIG-I protein in cells. Upon virus infection, nuclear MLL5 protein translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm inducing STUB1-mediated degradation of RIG-I. Our study uncovers a previously unrecognized role for MLL5 in antiviral innate immune responses and suggests a new target for controlling viral infection. MLL5 is an essential epigenetic modifier involved in cell cycle progression, chromatin architecture and hematopoiesis. Here the authors establish that MLL5 suppresses the innate immune response in a murine model of virus infection by targeting and promoting degradation of RIG-I.
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17
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Abstract
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) arise as a late effect of chemotherapy and/or radiation administered for a primary condition, typically a malignant disease, solid organ transplant or autoimmune disease. Survival is measured in months, not years, making t-MN one of the most aggressive and lethal cancers. In this Review, we discuss recent developments that reframe our understanding of the genetic and environmental aetiology of t-MN. Emerging data are illuminating who is at highest risk of developing t-MN, why t-MN are chemoresistant and how we may use this information to treat and ultimately prevent this lethal disease.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/adverse effects
- Bone Marrow Cells
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- Clone Cells/physiology
- Gene-Environment Interaction
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Hematopoiesis
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Mutation
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/etiology
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/therapy
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/etiology
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/therapy
- Prognosis
- Radiation Exposure/adverse effects
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E McNerney
- Department of Pathology and the Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Lucy A Godley
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Michelle M Le Beau
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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18
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Zhang X, Novera W, Zhang Y, Deng LW. MLL5 (KMT2E): structure, function, and clinical relevance. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2333-2344. [PMID: 28188343 PMCID: PMC11107642 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2470-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) family of genes, also known as the lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (KMT2) family, are homologous to the evolutionarily conserved trithorax group that plays critical roles in the regulation of homeotic gene (HOX) expression and embryonic development. MLL5, assigned as KMT2E on the basis of its SET domain homology, was initially categorized under MLL (KMT2) family together with other six SET methyltransferase domain proteins (KMT2A-2D and 2F-2G). However, emerging evidence suggests that MLL5 is distinct from the other MLL (KMT2) family members, and the protein it encodes appears to lack intrinsic histone methyltransferase (HMT) activity towards histone substrates. MLL5 has been reported to play key roles in diverse biological processes, including cell cycle progression, genomic stability maintenance, adult hematopoiesis, and spermatogenesis. Recent studies of MLL5 variants and isoforms and putative MLL5 homologs in other species have enriched our understanding of the role of MLL5 in gene expression regulation, although the mechanism of action and physiological function of MLL5 remains poorly understood. In this review, we summarize recent research characterizing the structural features and biological roles of MLL5, and we highlight the potential implications of MLL5 dysfunction in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, MD 7 #04-06, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Wisna Novera
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, MD 7 #04-06, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lih-Wen Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, MD 7 #04-06, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
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19
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The BAF45a/PHF10 subunit of SWI/SNF-like chromatin remodeling complexes is essential for hematopoietic stem cell maintenance. Exp Hematol 2017; 48:58-71.e15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Identification of Candidate Genes Related to Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance, Incremental Feature Selection, and the Shortest-Path Approach. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5741948. [PMID: 28293637 PMCID: PMC5331171 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5741948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Identification of disease genes is a hot topic in biomedicine and genomics. However, it is a challenging problem because of the complexity of diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic disease caused by a dysregulated immune response to host intestinal microflora. It has been proven to be associated with the development of intestinal malignancies. Although the specific pathological characteristics and genetic background of IBD have been partially revealed, it is still an overdetermined disease and the blueprint of all genetic variants still needs to be improved. In this study, a novel computational method was built to identify genes related to IBD. Samples from two subtypes of IBD (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) and normal samples were employed. By analyzing the gene expression profiles of these samples using minimum redundancy maximum relevance and incremental feature selection, 21 genes were obtained that could effectively distinguish samples from the two subtypes of IBD and the normal samples. Then, the shortest-path approach was used to search for an additional 20 genes in a large network constructed using protein-protein interactions based on the above-mentioned 21 genes. Analyses of the 41 genes obtained indicate that they are closely associated with this disease.
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21
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McElroy KA, Jung YL, Zee BM, Wang CI, Park PJ, Kuroda MI. upSET, the Drosophila homologue of SET3, Is Required for Viability and the Proper Balance of Active and Repressive Chromatin Marks. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2017; 7:625-635. [PMID: 28064188 PMCID: PMC5295607 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.037788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin plays a critical role in faithful implementation of gene expression programs. Different post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histone proteins reflect the underlying state of gene activity, and many chromatin proteins write, erase, bind, or are repelled by, these histone marks. One such protein is UpSET, the Drosophila homolog of yeast Set3 and mammalian KMT2E (MLL5). Here, we show that UpSET is necessary for the proper balance between active and repressed states. Using CRISPR/Cas-9 editing, we generated S2 cells that are mutant for upSET We found that loss of UpSET is tolerated in S2 cells, but that heterochromatin is misregulated, as evidenced by a strong decrease in H3K9me2 levels assessed by bulk histone PTM quantification. To test whether this finding was consistent in the whole organism, we deleted the upSET coding sequence using CRISPR/Cas-9, which we found to be lethal in both sexes in flies. We were able to rescue this lethality using a tagged upSET transgene, and found that UpSET protein localizes to transcriptional start sites (TSS) of active genes throughout the genome. Misregulated heterochromatin is apparent by suppressed position effect variegation of the wm4 allele in heterozygous upSET-deleted flies. Using nascent-RNA sequencing in the upSET-mutant S2 lines, we show that this result applies to heterochromatin genes generally. Our findings support a critical role for UpSET in maintaining heterochromatin, perhaps by delimiting the active chromatin environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A McElroy
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Youngsook L Jung
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Barry M Zee
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Charlotte I Wang
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Peter J Park
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Mitzi I Kuroda
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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22
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KMT2E-ASNS: a novel relapse-specific fusion gene in early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2017; 129:1729-1732. [PMID: 28069604 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-10-744219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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23
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Osipovich AB, Gangula R, Vianna PG, Magnuson MA. Setd5 is essential for mammalian development and the co-transcriptional regulation of histone acetylation. Development 2016; 143:4595-4607. [PMID: 27864380 PMCID: PMC5201031 DOI: 10.1242/dev.141465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SET domain-containing proteins play a vital role in regulating gene expression during development through modifications in chromatin structure. Here we show that SET domain-containing 5 (Setd5) is divergently transcribed with Gt(ROSA26)Sor, is necessary for mammalian development, and interacts with the PAF1 co-transcriptional complex and other proteins. Setd5-deficient mouse embryos exhibit severe defects in neural tube formation, somitogenesis and cardiac development, have aberrant vasculogenesis in embryos, yolk sacs and placentas, and die between embryonic day 10.5 and 11.5. Setd5-deficient embryonic stem cells have impaired cellular proliferation, increased apoptosis, defective cell cycle progression, a diminished ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes and greatly perturbed gene expression. SETD5 co-immunoprecipitates with multiple components of the PAF1 and histone deacetylase-containing NCoR complexes and is not solely required for major histone lysine methylation marks. In the absence of Setd5, histone acetylation is increased at transcription start sites and near downstream regions. These findings suggest that SETD5 functions in a manner similar to yeast Set3p and Drosophila UpSET, and that it is essential for regulating histone acetylation during gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Osipovich
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rama Gangula
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Pedro G Vianna
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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24
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Mas-y-Mas S, Barbon M, Teyssier C, Déméné H, Carvalho JE, Bird LE, Lebedev A, Fattori J, Schubert M, Dumas C, Bourguet W, le Maire A. The Human Mixed Lineage Leukemia 5 (MLL5), a Sequentially and Structurally Divergent SET Domain-Containing Protein with No Intrinsic Catalytic Activity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165139. [PMID: 27812132 PMCID: PMC5094779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed Lineage Leukemia 5 (MLL5) plays a key role in hematopoiesis, spermatogenesis and cell cycle progression. Chromatin binding is ensured by its plant homeodomain (PHD) through a direct interaction with the N-terminus of histone H3 (H3). In addition, MLL5 contains a Su(var)3-9, Enhancer of zeste, Trithorax (SET) domain, a protein module that usually displays histone lysine methyltransferase activity. We report here the crystal structure of the unliganded SET domain of human MLL5 at 2.1 Å resolution. Although it shows most of the canonical features of other SET domains, both the lack of key residues and the presence in the SET-I subdomain of an unusually large loop preclude the interaction of MLL5 SET with its cofactor and substrate. Accordingly, we show that MLL5 is devoid of any in vitro methyltransferase activity on full-length histones and histone H3 peptides. Hence, the three dimensional structure of MLL5 SET domain unveils the structural basis for its lack of methyltransferase activity and suggests a new regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mas-y-Mas
- Inserm U1054, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
- CNRS UMR5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marta Barbon
- Inserm U1054, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
- CNRS UMR5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Teyssier
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Déméné
- Inserm U1054, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
- CNRS UMR5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - João E. Carvalho
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Observatoire Océanologique de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Louise E. Bird
- OPPF-UK, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey Lebedev
- CCP4, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Juliana Fattori
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Michael Schubert
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Observatoire Océanologique de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Christian Dumas
- Inserm U1054, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
- CNRS UMR5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - William Bourguet
- Inserm U1054, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
- CNRS UMR5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Albane le Maire
- Inserm U1054, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
- CNRS UMR5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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25
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Tasdogan A, Kumar S, Allies G, Bausinger J, Beckel F, Hofemeister H, Mulaw M, Madan V, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Feuring-Buske M, Doehner K, Speit G, Stewart AF, Fehling HJ. DNA Damage-Induced HSPC Malfunction Depends on ROS Accumulation Downstream of IFN-1 Signaling and Bid Mobilization. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 19:752-767. [PMID: 27641306 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mouse mutants with an impaired DNA damage response frequently exhibit a set of remarkably similar defects in the HSPC compartment that are of largely unknown molecular basis. Using Mixed-Lineage-Leukemia-5 (Mll5)-deficient mice as prototypical examples, we have identified a mechanistic pathway linking DNA damage and HSPC malfunction. We show that Mll5 deficiency results in accumulation of DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HSPCs. Reduction of ROS efficiently reverses hematopoietic defects, establishing ROS as a major cause of impaired HSPC function. The Ink4a/Arf locus also contributes to HSPC phenotypes, at least in part via promotion of ROS. Strikingly, toxic ROS levels in Mll5-/- mice are critically dependent on type 1 interferon (IFN-1) signaling, which triggers mitochondrial accumulation of full-length Bid. Genetic inactivation of Bid diminishes ROS levels and reverses HSPC defects in Mll5-/- mice. Overall, therefore, our findings highlight an unexpected IFN-1 > Bid > ROS pathway underlying DNA damage-associated HSPC malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpaslan Tasdogan
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Gabriele Allies
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Bausinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Franziska Beckel
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Helmut Hofemeister
- Genomics, BioInnovations Zentrum, Technische Universität, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Medhanie Mulaw
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, University Clinics, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Vikas Madan
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Konstanze Doehner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Günter Speit
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - A Francis Stewart
- Genomics, BioInnovations Zentrum, Technische Universität, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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26
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Abstract
Mammalian embryonic development is a tightly regulated process that, from a single zygote, produces a large number of cell types with hugely divergent functions. Distinct cellular differentiation programmes are facilitated by tight transcriptional and epigenetic regulation. However, the contribution of epigenetic regulation to tissue homeostasis after the completion of development is less well understood. In this Review, we explore the effects of epigenetic dysregulation on adult stem cell function. We conclude that, depending on the tissue type and the epigenetic regulator affected, the consequences range from negligible to stem cell malfunction and disruption of tissue homeostasis, which may predispose to diseases such as cancer.
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27
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Goswami RS, Wang SA, DiNardo C, Tang Z, Li Y, Zuo W, Hu S, Li S, Medeiros LJ, Tang G. Newly emerged isolated Del(7q) in patients with prior cytotoxic therapies may not always be associated with therapy-related myeloid neoplasms. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:727-34. [PMID: 27056073 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Deletion 7q is a common chromosomal abnormality in myeloid neoplasms. Detection of del(7q) in patients following cytotoxic therapies is highly suggestive of an emerging therapy-related myeloid neoplasm. In this study, we describe 39 patients who acquired del(7q) as a sole abnormality in their bone marrow following cytotoxic therapies for malignant neoplasms. The median interval from cytotoxic therapies to detection of del(7q) was 40 months (range, 4-190 months). Twenty-eight patients showed an interstitial and 11 showed a terminal 7q deletion. Fifteen patients (38%) had del(7q) as a large clone and 24 (62%) as a small clone. With a median follow-up of 21 months (range, 1-135 months), 18 (46%) patients developed therapy-related myeloid neoplasms, including all 15 patients with a large del(7q) clone and 3/24 (12.5%) with a small clone. Of the remaining 21 patients with a small del(7q) clone, 16 showed no evidence of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms and 5 had an inconclusive pathological diagnosis. We conclude that isolated del(7q) emerging in patients after cytotoxic therapy may not always be associated with therapy-related myeloid neoplasms in about half of patients. The clone size of del(7q) is critical; a large clone is almost always associated with therapy-related myeloid neoplasms, whereas a small clone can be a clinically indolent or transient finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi S Goswami
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Laboratory Hematology, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sa A Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Courtney DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhenya Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wenli Zuo
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shimin Hu
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shaoying Li
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guilin Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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28
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Li Y, Schulz VP, Deng C, Li G, Shen Y, Tusi BK, Ma G, Stees J, Qiu Y, Steiner LA, Zhou L, Zhao K, Bungert J, Gallagher PG, Huang S. Setd1a and NURF mediate chromatin dynamics and gene regulation during erythroid lineage commitment and differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:7173-88. [PMID: 27141965 PMCID: PMC5009724 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The modulation of chromatin structure is a key step in transcription regulation in mammalian cells and eventually determines lineage commitment and differentiation. USF1/2, Setd1a and NURF complexes interact to regulate chromatin architecture in erythropoiesis, but the mechanistic basis for this regulation is hitherto unknown. Here we showed that Setd1a and NURF complexes bind to promoters to control chromatin structural alterations and gene activation in a cell context dependent manner. In human primary erythroid cells USF1/2, H3K4me3 and the NURF complex were significantly co-enriched at transcription start sites of erythroid genes, and their binding was associated with promoter/enhancer accessibility that resulted from nucleosome repositioning. Mice deficient for Setd1a, an H3K4 trimethylase, in the erythroid compartment exhibited reduced Ter119/CD71 positive erythroblasts, peripheral blood RBCs and hemoglobin levels. Loss of Setd1a led to a reduction of promoter-associated H3K4 methylation, inhibition of gene transcription and blockade of erythroid differentiation. This was associated with alterations in NURF complex occupancy at erythroid gene promoters and reduced chromatin accessibility. Setd1a deficiency caused decreased associations between enhancer and promoter looped interactions as well as reduced expression of erythroid genes such as the adult β-globin gene. These data indicate that Setd1a and NURF complexes are specifically targeted to and coordinately regulate erythroid promoter chromatin dynamics during erythroid lineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, State Key laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau 519020, China
| | - Vincent P Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Changwang Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Guangyao Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Betsabeh K Tusi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Gina Ma
- Public Health Studies, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jared Stees
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yi Qiu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA UF health Cancer center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Laurie A Steiner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA UF health Cancer center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Keji Zhao
- Systems Biology Center, NHLBI, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jörg Bungert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Patrick G Gallagher
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Suming Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, State Key laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau 519020, China Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA UF health Cancer center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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29
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Enantiomer-specific and paracrine leukemogenicity of mutant IDH metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate. Leukemia 2016; 30:1708-15. [PMID: 27063596 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Canonical mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 produce high levels of the R-enantiomer of 2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG), which is a competitive inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate (αKG)-dependent enzymes and a putative oncometabolite. Mutant IDH1 collaborates with HoxA9 to induce monocytic leukemia in vivo. We used two mouse models and a patient-derived acute myeloid leukemia xenotransplantation (PDX) model to evaluate the in vivo transforming potential of R-2HG, S-2HG and αKG independent of the mutant IDH1 protein. We show that R-2HG, but not S-2HG or αKG, is an oncometabolite in vivo that does not require the mutant IDH1 protein to induce hyperleukocytosis and to accelerate the onset of murine and human leukemia. Thus, circulating R-2HG acts in a paracrine manner and can drive the expansion of many different leukemic and preleukemic clones that may express wild-type IDH1, and therefore can be a driver of clonal evolution and diversity. In addition, we show that the mutant IDH1 protein is a stronger oncogene than R-2HG alone when comparable intracellular R-2HG levels are achieved. We therefore propose R-2HG-independent oncogenic functions of mutant IDH1 that may need to be targeted in addition to R-2HG production to exploit the full therapeutic potential of IDH1 inhibition.
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30
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Zhao W, Liu J, Zhang X, Deng LW. MLL5 maintains spindle bipolarity by preventing aberrant cytosolic aggregation of PLK1. J Cell Biol 2016; 212:829-43. [PMID: 27002166 PMCID: PMC4810297 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201501021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation with bipolar spindle formation is critical for the maintenance of genomic stability. Perturbation of this process often leads to severe mitotic failure, contributing to tumorigenesis. MLL5 has been demonstrated to play vital roles in cell cycle progression and the maintenance of genomic stability. Here, we identify a novel interaction between MLL5 and PLK1 in the cytosol that is crucial for sustaining spindle bipolarity during mitosis. Knockdown of MLL5 caused aberrant PLK1 aggregation that led to acentrosomal microtubule-organizing center (aMTOC) formation and subsequent spindle multipolarity. Further molecular studies revealed that the polo-box domain (PBD) of PLK1 interacted with a binding motif on MLL5 (Thr887-Ser888-Thr889), and this interaction was essential for spindle bipolarity. Overexpression of wild-type MLL5 was able to rescue PLK1 mislocalization and aMTOC formation in MLL5-KD cells, whereas MLL5 mutants incapable of interacting with the PBD failed to do so. We thus propose that MLL5 preserves spindle bipolarity through maintaining cytosolic PLK1 in a nonaggregated form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Lih-Wen Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
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31
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Ding X, Jiang W, Zhou P, Liu L, Wan X, Yuan X, Wang X, Chen M, Chen J, Yang J, Kong C, Li B, Peng C, Wong CCL, Hou F, Zhang Y. Mixed Lineage Leukemia 5 (MLL5) Protein Stability Is Cooperatively Regulated by O-GlcNac Transferase (OGT) and Ubiquitin Specific Protease 7 (USP7). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145023. [PMID: 26678539 PMCID: PMC4683056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed lineage leukemia 5 (MLL5) protein is a trithorax family histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase that regulates diverse biological processes, including cell cycle progression, hematopoiesis and cancer. The mechanisms by which MLL5 protein stability is regulated have remained unclear to date. Here, we showed that MLL5 protein stability is cooperatively regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7). Depletion of OGT in cells led to a decrease in the MLL5 protein level through ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent proteolytic degradation, whereas ectopic expression of OGT protein suppressed MLL5 ubiquitylation. We further identified deubiquitinase USP7 as a novel MLL5-associated protein using mass spectrometry. USP7 stabilized the MLL5 protein through direct binding and deubiquitylation. Loss of USP7 induced degradation of MLL5 protein. Conversely, overexpression of USP7, but not a catalytically inactive USP7 mutant, led to decreased ubiquitylation and increased MLL5 stability. Co-immunoprecipitation and co-immunostaining assays revealed that MLL5, OGT and USP7 interact with each other to form a stable ternary complex that is predominantly located in the nucleus. In addition, upregulation of MLL5 expression was correlated with increased expression of OGT and USP7 in human primary cervical adenocarcinomas. Our results collectively reveal a novel molecular mechanism underlying regulation of MLL5 protein stability and provide new insights into the functional interplay among O-GlcNAc transferase, deubiquitinase and histone methyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Ding
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shanghai Red House Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (WJ); (YZ)
| | - Peipei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoling Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xizi Wang
- College of life science, Sun Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Kong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Peng
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Catherine C. L. Wong
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fajian Hou
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (WJ); (YZ)
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Gallo M, Coutinho FJ, Vanner RJ, Gayden T, Mack SC, Murison A, Remke M, Li R, Takayama N, Desai K, Lee L, Lan X, Park NI, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Smil D, Sturm D, Kushida MM, Head R, Cusimano MD, Bernstein M, Clarke ID, Dick JE, Pfister SM, Rich JN, Arrowsmith CH, Taylor MD, Jabado N, Bazett-Jones DP, Lupien M, Dirks PB. MLL5 Orchestrates a Cancer Self-Renewal State by Repressing the Histone Variant H3.3 and Globally Reorganizing Chromatin. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:715-729. [PMID: 26626085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the histone 3 variant H3.3 have been identified in one-third of pediatric glioblastomas (GBMs), but not in adult tumors. Here we show that H3.3 is a dynamic determinant of functional properties in adult GBM. H3.3 is repressed by mixed lineage leukemia 5 (MLL5) in self-renewing GBM cells. MLL5 is a global epigenetic repressor that orchestrates reorganization of chromatin structure by punctuating chromosomes with foci of compacted chromatin, favoring tumorigenic and self-renewing properties. Conversely, H3.3 antagonizes self-renewal and promotes differentiation. We exploited these epigenetic states to rationally identify two small molecules that effectively curb cancer stem cell properties in a preclinical model. Our work uncovers a role for MLL5 and H3.3 in maintaining self-renewal hierarchies in adult GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gallo
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Fiona J Coutinho
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Robert J Vanner
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Tenzin Gayden
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC H3H 1P4, Canada
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Alex Murison
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Marc Remke
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Ren Li
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Naoya Takayama
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kinjal Desai
- Department of Genetics, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03755, USA
| | - Lilian Lee
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Xiaoyang Lan
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nicole I Park
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dalia Barsyte-Lovejoy
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Structural Genomics Consortium, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - David Smil
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Structural Genomics Consortium, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Dominik Sturm
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Michelle M Kushida
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Renee Head
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Michael D Cusimano
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Mark Bernstein
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Ian D Clarke
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - John E Dick
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Structural Genomics Consortium, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nada Jabado
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC H3H 1P4, Canada
| | - David P Bazett-Jones
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - Peter B Dirks
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Brinkmeier ML, Geister KA, Jones M, Waqas M, Maillard I, Camper SA. The Histone Methyltransferase Gene Absent, Small, or Homeotic Discs-1 Like Is Required for Normal Hox Gene Expression and Fertility in Mice. Biol Reprod 2015; 93:121. [PMID: 26333994 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.131516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling influences gene expression in developing and adult organisms. Active and repressive marks of histone methylation dictate the embryonic expression boundaries of developmentally regulated genes, including the Hox gene cluster. Drosophila ash1 (absent, small or homeotic discs 1) gene encodes a histone methyltransferase essential for regulation of Hox gene expression that interacts genetically with other members of the trithorax group (TrxG). While mammalian members of the mixed lineage leukemia (Mll) family of TrxG genes have roles in regulation of Hox gene expression, little is known about the expression and function of the mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila ash1 gene, Ash1-like (Ash1l). Here we report the expression of mouse Ash1l gene in specific structures within various organs and provide evidence that reduced Ash1l expression has tissue-specific effects on mammalian development and adult homeostasis. Mutants exhibit partially penetrant postnatal lethality and failure to thrive. Surviving mutants have growth insufficiency, skeletal transformations, and infertility associated with developmental defects in both male and female reproductive organs. Specifically, expression of Hoxa11 and Hoxd10 are altered in the epididymis of Ash1l mutant males and Hoxa10 is reduced in the uterus of Ash1l mutant females. In summary, we show that the histone methyltransferase Ash1l is important for the development and function of several tissues and for proper expression of homeotic genes in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krista A Geister
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Morgan Jones
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Meriam Waqas
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sally A Camper
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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De Braekeleer M, Le Bris MJ, De Braekeleer E, Basinko A, Morel F, Douet-Guilbert N. 3q26/EVI1 rearrangements in myeloid hemopathies: a cytogenetic review. Future Oncol 2015; 11:1675-86. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The EVI1 gene, located in chromosomal band 3q26, is a transcription factor that has stem cell-specific expression pattern and is essential for the regulation of self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells. It is now recognized as one of the dominant oncogenes associated with myeloid leukemia. EVI1 overexpression is associated with minimal to no response to chemotherapy and poor clinical outcome. Several chromosomal rearrangements involving band 3q26 are known to induce EVI1 overexpression. They are mainly found in acute myeloid leukemia and blastic phase of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia, more rarely in myelodysplastic syndromes. They include inv(3)(q21q26), t(3;3)(q21;q26), t(3;21)(q26;q22), t(3;12)(q26;p13) and t(2;3)(p15–23;q26). However, many other chromosomal rearrangements involving 3q26/EVI1 have been identified. The precise molecular event has not been elucidated in the majority of these chromosomal abnormalities and most gene partners remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc De Braekeleer
- Laboratoire d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Brest, Brest, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1078, Brest, France
- Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Morvan, CHRU Brest, Brest, France
| | - Marie-Josée Le Bris
- Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Morvan, CHRU Brest, Brest, France
| | - Etienne De Braekeleer
- Division of Stem Cells & Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) & Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology & Experimental Medicine GmbH (HI-STEM), Heidelberg, Germany
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Audrey Basinko
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1078, Brest, France
- Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Morvan, CHRU Brest, Brest, France
| | - Frédéric Morel
- Laboratoire d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Brest, Brest, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1078, Brest, France
- Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Morvan, CHRU Brest, Brest, France
| | - Nathalie Douet-Guilbert
- Laboratoire d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Brest, Brest, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1078, Brest, France
- Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Morvan, CHRU Brest, Brest, France
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35
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Milne TA. MLL5 expression as a biomarker for DNA hypermethylation and sensitivity to epigenetic therapy. Haematologica 2015; 99:1405-7. [PMID: 25176980 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.113357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Milne
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
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36
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Tusi BK, Deng C, Salz T, Zeumer L, Li Y, So CWE, Morel LM, Qiu Y, Huang S. Setd1a regulates progenitor B-cell-to-precursor B-cell development through histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation and Ig heavy-chain rearrangement. FASEB J 2015; 29:1505-15. [PMID: 25550471 PMCID: PMC4396605 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-263061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SETD1A is a member of trithorax-related histone methyltransferases that methylate lysine 4 at histone H3 (H3K4). We showed previously that Setd1a is required for mesoderm specification and hematopoietic lineage differentiation in vitro. However, it remains unknown whether or not Setd1a controls specific hematopoietic lineage commitment and differentiation during animal development. Here, we reported that homozygous Setd1a knockout (KO) mice are embryonic lethal. Loss of the Setd1a gene in the hematopoietic compartment resulted in a blockage of the progenitor B-cell-to-precursor B-cell development in bone marrow (BM) and B-cell maturation in spleen. The Setd1a-cKO (conditional knockout) mice exhibited an enlarged spleen with disrupted spleen architecture and leukocytopenia. Mechanistically, Setd1a deficiency in BM reduced the levels of H3K4me3 at critical B-cell gene loci, including Pax5 and Rag1/2, which are critical for the IgH (Ig heavy-chain) locus contractions and rearrangement. Subsequently, the differential long-range looped interactions of the enhancer Eμ with proximal 5' DH region and 3' regulatory regions as well as with Pax5-activated intergenic repeat elements and 5' distal VH genes were compromised by the Setd1a-cKO. Together, our findings revealed a critical role of Setd1a and its mediated epigenetic modifications in regulating the IgH rearrangement and B-cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsabeh Khoramian Tusi
- Departments of *Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, and Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Hematology, Jinan University Medical College, ShiPai, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Changwang Deng
- Departments of *Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, and Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Hematology, Jinan University Medical College, ShiPai, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tal Salz
- Departments of *Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, and Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Hematology, Jinan University Medical College, ShiPai, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leilani Zeumer
- Departments of *Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, and Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Hematology, Jinan University Medical College, ShiPai, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Departments of *Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, and Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Hematology, Jinan University Medical College, ShiPai, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chi Wai Eric So
- Departments of *Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, and Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Hematology, Jinan University Medical College, ShiPai, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence M Morel
- Departments of *Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, and Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Hematology, Jinan University Medical College, ShiPai, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Qiu
- Departments of *Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, and Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Hematology, Jinan University Medical College, ShiPai, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suming Huang
- Departments of *Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, and Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Hematology, Jinan University Medical College, ShiPai, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Lai CK, Moon Y, Kuchenbauer F, Starzcynowski DT, Argiropoulos B, Yung E, Beer P, Schwarzer A, Sharma A, Park G, Leung M, Lin G, Vollett S, Fung S, Eaves CJ, Karsan A, Weng AP, Humphries RK, Heuser M. Cell fate decisions in malignant hematopoiesis: leukemia phenotype is determined by distinct functional domains of the MN1 oncogene. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112671. [PMID: 25401736 PMCID: PMC4234417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive molecular profiling of leukemias and preleukemic diseases has revealed that distinct clinical entities, like acute myeloid (AML) and T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), share similar pathogenetic mutations. It is not well understood how the cell of origin, accompanying mutations, extracellular signals or structural differences in a mutated gene determine the phenotypic identity of leukemias. We dissected the functional aspects of different protein regions of the MN1 oncogene and their effect on the leukemic phenotype, building on the ability of MN1 to induce leukemia without accompanying mutations. We found that the most C-terminal region of MN1 was required to block myeloid differentiation at an early stage, and deletion of an extended C-terminal region resulted in loss of myeloid identity and cell differentiation along the T-cell lineage in vivo. Megakaryocytic/erythroid lineage differentiation was blocked by the N-terminal region. In addition, the N-terminus was required for proliferation and leukemogenesis in vitro and in vivo through upregulation of HoxA9, HoxA10 and Meis2. Our results provide evidence that a single oncogene can modulate cellular identity of leukemic cells based on its active gene regions. It is therefore likely that different mutations in the same oncogene may impact cell fate decisions and phenotypic appearance of malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courteney K. Lai
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yeonsook Moon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Florian Kuchenbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel T. Starzcynowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Bob Argiropoulos
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Eric Yung
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Philip Beer
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Adrian Schwarzer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amit Sharma
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gyeongsin Park
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Malina Leung
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Grace Lin
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah Vollett
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen Fung
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Connie J. Eaves
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aly Karsan
- Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew P. Weng
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R. Keith Humphries
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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38
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Yuan Q, Xie X, Fu Z, Ma X, Yang Y, Huang D, Liu F, Dai C, Ma Y. Association of the histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MLL5 gene with coronary artery disease in Chinese Han people. Meta Gene 2014; 2:514-24. [PMID: 25606435 PMCID: PMC4287819 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MLL5, a member of the histone-lysine N-methyltransferase family, has been implicated in the control of the cell cycle progression and survival. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the interaction of histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MLL5 gene polymorphism and CAD in a Chinese Han population. METHODS Using a case-control study of Chinese CAD patients (n = 565) and healthy controls (n = 694), we investigated the MLL5 gene polymorphism by the use of polymerase chain reaction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. RESULTS For total, the distribution of SNP1 (rs12671368) and SNP2 (rs2192932) genotypes showed a significant difference between CAD and control participants (P1 = 0.03, P2 = 0.02). For total the distribution of SNP1 (rs12671368) and SNP2 (rs2192932) alleles in the dominant model (GG vs. AA + AG) and the recessive model (AA vs. AG + GG) showed a significant difference between CAD and control participants (for allele: P1 < 0.01 and P2 = 0.05, for dominant model: P1 > 0.05 and P2 = 0.02, for recessive model: P1 = 0.03 and P2 = 0.78, respectively). For total the significant difference of the distribution of SNP1 and SNP2 in the dominant model and recessive model was retained after adjusting for covariates (for dominant model: SNP1 OR: 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-2.64, P = 0.02; SNP2 OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.36-0.72, P = 0.01; for recessive model: SNP1 OR: 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28-2.64, P < 0.01; SNP2 OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.35-1.22, P = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS The GG genotype of rs12671368 and the AA genotype of rs2192932 in the MLL5 gene could be protective genetic markers of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, PR China ; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi 830054, PR China
| | - Xiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, PR China ; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi 830054, PR China
| | - Zhenyan Fu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, PR China ; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi 830054, PR China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, PR China ; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi 830054, PR China
| | - Yining Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, PR China ; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi 830054, PR China
| | - Ding Huang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, PR China
| | - Fen Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi 830054, PR China
| | - Chuanfang Dai
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, PR China ; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi 830054, PR China
| | - Yitong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, PR China ; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi 830054, PR China
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Yun H, Damm F, Yap D, Schwarzer A, Chaturvedi A, Jyotsana N, Lübbert M, Bullinger L, Döhner K, Geffers R, Aparicio S, Humphries RK, Ganser A, Heuser M. Impact of MLL5 expression on decitabine efficacy and DNA methylation in acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2014; 99:1456-64. [PMID: 24895338 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.101386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomethylating agents are widely used in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and unfit patients with acute myeloid leukemia. However, it is not well understood why only some patients respond to hypomethylating agents. We found previously that the effect of decitabine on hematopoietic stem cell viability differed between Mll5 wild-type and null cells. We, therefore, investigated the role of MLL5 expression levels on outcome of acute myeloid leukemia patients who were treated with decitabine. MLL5 above the median expression level predicted longer overall survival independent of DNMT3A mutation status in bivariate analysis (median overall survival for high vs. low MLL5 expression 292 vs. 167 days; P=0.026). In patients who received three or more courses decitabine, high MLL5 expression and wild-type DNMT3A independently predicted improved overall survival (median overall survival for high vs. low MLL5 expression 468 vs. 243 days; P=0.012). In transformed murine cells, loss of Mll5 was associated with resistance to low-dose decitabine, less global DNA methylation in promoter regions, and reduced DNA demethylation upon decitabine treatment. Together, these data support our clinical observation of improved outcome in decitabine-treated patients who express MLL5 at high levels, and suggest a mechanistic role of MLL5 in the regulation of DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yun
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Frederik Damm
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Damian Yap
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Adrian Schwarzer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Anuhar Chaturvedi
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Nidhi Jyotsana
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Michael Lübbert
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Germany
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Samuel Aparicio
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R Keith Humphries
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arnold Ganser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Germany
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40
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Sharma A, Yun H, Jyotsana N, Chaturvedi A, Schwarzer A, Yung E, Lai CK, Kuchenbauer F, Argiropoulos B, Görlich K, Ganser A, Humphries RK, Heuser M. Constitutive IRF8 expression inhibits AML by activation of repressed immune response signaling. Leukemia 2014; 29:157-68. [PMID: 24957708 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation is blocked in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but the molecular mechanisms are not well characterized. Meningioma 1 (MN1) is overexpressed in AML patients and confers resistance to all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation. To understand the role of MN1 as a transcriptional regulator in myeloid differentiation, we fused transcriptional activation (VP16) or repression (M33) domains with MN1 and characterized these cells in vivo. Transcriptional activation of MN1 target genes induced myeloproliferative disease with long latency and differentiation potential to mature neutrophils. A large proportion of differentially expressed genes between leukemic MN1 and differentiation-permissive MN1VP16 cells belonged to the immune response pathway like interferon-response factor (Irf) 8 and Ccl9. As MN1 is a cofactor of MEIS1 and retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA), we compared chromatin occupancy between these genes. Immune response genes that were upregulated in MN1VP16 cells were co-targeted by MN1 and MEIS1, but not RARA, suggesting that myeloid differentiation is blocked through transcriptional repression of shared target genes of MN1 and MEIS1. Constitutive expression of Irf8 or its target gene Ccl9 identified these genes as potent inhibitors of murine and human leukemias in vivo. Our data show that MN1 prevents activation of the immune response pathway, and suggest restoration of IRF8 signaling as therapeutic target in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sharma
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Yun
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - N Jyotsana
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Chaturvedi
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Schwarzer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - E Yung
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C K Lai
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - F Kuchenbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - B Argiropoulos
- Department of Medical Genetics, HSC, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - K Görlich
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Ganser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - R K Humphries
- 1] Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada [2] Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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41
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Chen C, Liu Y, Rappaport AR, Kitzing T, Schultz N, Zhao Z, Shroff AS, Dickins RA, Vakoc CR, Bradner JE, Stock W, LeBeau MM, Shannon KM, Kogan S, Zuber J, Lowe SW. MLL3 is a haploinsufficient 7q tumor suppressor in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Cell 2014; 25:652-65. [PMID: 24794707 PMCID: PMC4206212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recurring deletions of chromosome 7 and 7q [-7/del(7q)] occur in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are associated with poor prognosis. However, the identity of functionally relevant tumor suppressors on 7q remains unclear. Using RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9 approaches, we show that an ∼50% reduction in gene dosage of the mixed lineage leukemia 3 (MLL3) gene, located on 7q36.1, cooperates with other events occurring in -7/del(7q) AMLs to promote leukemogenesis. Mll3 suppression impairs the differentiation of HSPC. Interestingly, Mll3-suppressed leukemias, like human -7/del(7q) AMLs, are refractory to conventional chemotherapy but sensitive to the BET inhibitor JQ1. Thus, our mouse model functionally validates MLL3 as a haploinsufficient 7q tumor suppressor and suggests a therapeutic option for this aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amy R Rappaport
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Thomas Kitzing
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Computational Biology Center, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aditya S Shroff
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ross A Dickins
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher R Vakoc
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wendy Stock
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michelle M LeBeau
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kevin M Shannon
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Scott Kogan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Johannes Zuber
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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42
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Lucena-Araujo AR, Kim HT, Jacomo RH, Melo RA, Bittencourt R, Pasquini R, Pagnano K, Fagundes EM, de Lourdes Chauffaille M, Chiattone CS, Lima AS, Kwaan HC, Gallagher R, Niemeyer CM, Schrier SL, Tallman MS, Grimwade D, Ganser A, Berliner N, Ribeiro RC, Lo-Coco F, Löwenberg B, Sanz MA, Rego EM. Prognostic impact of KMT2E transcript levels on outcome of patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia treated with all-trans retinoic acid and anthracycline-based chemotherapy: an International Consortium on Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia study. Br J Haematol 2014; 166:540-9. [PMID: 24796963 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The KMT2E (MLL5) gene encodes a histone methyltransferase implicated in the positive control of genes related to haematopoiesis. Its close relationship with retinoic acid-induced granulopoiesis suggests that the deregulated expression of KMT2E might lead acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) blasts to become less susceptible to the conventional treatment protocols. Here, we assessed the impact of KMT2E expression on the prognosis of 121 APL patients treated with ATRA and anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Univariate analysis showed that complete remission (P = 0·006), 2-year overall survival (OS) (P = 0·005) and 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates (P = 0·037) were significantly lower in patients with low KMT2E expression; additionally, the 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse was higher in patients with low KMT2E expression (P = 0·04). Multivariate analysis revealed that low KMT2E expression was independently associated with lower remission rate (odds ratio [OR]: 7·18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1·71-30·1; P = 0·007) and shorter OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0·27, 95% CI: 0·08-0·87; P = 0·029). Evaluated as a continuous variable, KMT2E expression retained association with poor remission rate (OR: 10·3, 95% CI: 2·49-43·2; P = 0·001) and shorter survival (HR: 0·17, 95% IC: 0·05-0·53; P = 0·002), while the association with DFS was of marginal significance (HR: 1·01; 95% CI: 0·99-1·02; P = 0·06). In summary, low KMT2E expression may predict poor outcome in APL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio R Lucena-Araujo
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Centre for Cell Based Therapy, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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43
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Comparison of stem/progenitor cell number and transcriptomic profile in the mammary tissue of dairy and beef breed heifers. J Appl Genet 2014; 55:383-95. [PMID: 24748329 PMCID: PMC4102771 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-014-0213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine mammary stem cells (MaSC) are a source of ductal and lobulo-alveolar tissue during the development of the mammary gland and its remodeling in repeating lactation cycles. We hypothesize that the number of MaSC, their molecular properties, and interactions with their niche may be essential in order to determine the mammogenic potential in heifers. To verify this hypothesis, we compared the number of MaSC and the transcriptomic profile in the mammary tissue of 20-month-old, non-pregnant dairy (Holstein-Friesian, HF) and beef (Limousin, LM) heifers. For the identification and quantification of putative stem/progenitor cells in mammary tissue sections, scanning cytometry was used with a combination of MaSC molecular markers: stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1) and fibronectin type III domain containing 3B (FNDC3B) protein. Cytometric analysis revealed a significantly higher number of Sca-1posFNDC3Bpos cells in HF (2.94 ± 0.35 %) than in LM (1.72 ± 0.20 %) heifers. In HF heifers, a higher expression of intramammary hormones, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and transcription regulators was observed. The model of mammary microenvironment favorable for MaSC was associated with the regulation of genes involved in MaSC maintenance, self-renewal, proliferation, migration, differentiation, mammary tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, regulation of adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, and steroid and insulin signaling. In conclusion, the mammogenic potential in postpubertal dairy heifers is facilitated by a higher number of MaSC and up-regulation of mammary auto- and paracrine factors representing the MaSC niche.
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44
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Gu B, Lee MG. Histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferases and demethylases in self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. Cell Biosci 2013; 3:39. [PMID: 24172249 PMCID: PMC3953348 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-3-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are fundamental to understanding the regulatory networks of
gene expression that govern stem cell maintenance and differentiation.
Methylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) has emerged as a key epigenetic signal for
gene transcription; it is dynamically modulated by several specific H3K4
methyltransferases and demethylases. Recent studies have described new
epigenetic mechanisms by which H3K4 methylation modifiers control self-renewal
and lineage commitments of stem cells. Such advances in stem cell biology would
have a high impact on the research fields of cancer stem cell and regenerative
medicine. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in understanding the
roles of H3K4 methylation modifiers in regulating embryonic and adult stem
cells’ fates.
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45
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Lemak A, Yee A, Wu H, Yap D, Zeng H, Dombrovski L, Houliston S, Aparicio S, Arrowsmith CH. Solution NMR structure and histone binding of the PHD domain of human MLL5. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77020. [PMID: 24130829 PMCID: PMC3793974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed Lineage Leukemia 5 (MLL5) is a histone methyltransferase that plays a key role in hematopoiesis, spermatogenesis and cell cycle progression. In addition to its catalytic domain, MLL5 contains a PHD finger domain, a protein module that is often involved in binding to the N-terminus of histone H3. Here we report the NMR solution structure of the MLL5 PHD domain showing a variant of the canonical PHD fold that combines conserved H3 binding features from several classes of other PHD domains (including an aromatic cage) along with a novel C-terminal α-helix, not previously seen. We further demonstrate that the PHD domain binds with similar affinity to histone H3 tail peptides di- and tri-methylated at lysine 4 (H3K4me2 and H3K4me3), the former being the putative product of the MLL5 catalytic reaction. This work establishes the PHD domain of MLL5 as a bone fide ‘reader’ domain of H3K4 methyl marks suggesting that it may guide the spreading or further methylation of this site on chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lemak
- Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adelinda Yee
- Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hong Wu
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Damian Yap
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hong Zeng
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Scott Houliston
- Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samuel Aparicio
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cheryl H. Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium, Ontario, Canada
- Cancer Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Transcriptional regulation of haematopoietic stem cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 786:187-212. [PMID: 23696358 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6621-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare cell population found in the bone marrow of adult mammals and are responsible for maintaining the entire haematopoietic system. Definitive HSCs are produced from mesoderm during embryonic development, from embryonic day 10 in the mouse. HSCs seed the foetal liver before migrating to the bone marrow around the time of birth. In the adult, HSCs are largely quiescent but have the ability to divide to self-renew and expand, or to proliferate and differentiate into any mature haematopoietic cell type. Both the specification of HSCs during development and their cellular choices once formed are tightly controlled at the level of transcription. Numerous transcriptional regulators of HSC specification, expansion, homeostasis and differentiation have been identified, primarily from analysis of mouse gene knockout experiments and transplantation assays. These include transcription factors, epigenetic modifiers and signalling pathway effectors. This chapter reviews the current knowledge of these HSC transcriptional regulators, predominantly focusing on the transcriptional regulation of mouse HSCs, although transcriptional regulation of human HSCs is also mentioned where relevant. Due to the breadth and maturity of this field, we have prioritised recently identified examples of HSC transcriptional regulators. We go on to highlight additional layers of control that regulate expression and activity of HSC transcriptional regulators and discuss how chromosomal translocations that result in fusion proteins of these HSC transcriptional regulators commonly drive leukaemias through transcriptional dysregulation.
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47
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Abstract
Mutations in the metabolic enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and 2 (IDH2) are frequently found in glioma, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), melanoma, thyroid cancer, and chondrosarcoma patients. Mutant IDH produces 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), which induces histone- and DNA-hypermethylation through inhibition of epigenetic regulators. We investigated the role of mutant IDH1 using the mouse transplantation assay. Mutant IDH1 alone did not transform hematopoietic cells during 5 months of observation. However, mutant IDH1 greatly accelerated onset of myeloproliferative disease-like myeloid leukemia in mice in cooperation with HoxA9 with a mean latency of 83 days compared with cells expressing HoxA9 and wild-type IDH1 or a control vector (167 and 210 days, respectively, P = .001). Mutant IDH1 accelerated cell-cycle transition through repression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors Cdkn2a and Cdkn2b, and activated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. By computational screening, we identified an inhibitor of mutant IDH1, which inhibited mutant IDH1 cells and lowered 2HG levels in vitro, and efficiently blocked colony formation of AML cells from IDH1-mutated patients but not of normal CD34(+) bone marrow cells. These data demonstrate that mutant IDH1 has oncogenic activity in vivo and suggest that it is a promising therapeutic target in human AML cells.
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48
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Abstract
The human mixed-lineage leukemia 5 (MLL5) protein mediates hematopoietic cell homeostasis, cell cycle, and survival; however, the molecular basis underlying MLL5 activities remains unknown. Here, we show that MLL5 is recruited to gene-rich euchromatic regions via the interaction of its plant homeodomain finger with the histone mark H3K4me3. The 1.48-Å resolution crystal structure of MLL5 plant homeodomain in complex with the H3K4me3 peptide reveals a noncanonical binding mechanism, whereby K4me3 is recognized through a single aromatic residue and an aspartate. The binding induces a unique His-Asp swapping rearrangement mediated by a C-terminal α-helix. Phosphorylation of H3T3 and H3T6 abrogates the association with H3K4me3 in vitro and in vivo, releasing MLL5 from chromatin in mitosis. This regulatory switch is conserved in the Drosophila ortholog of MLL5, UpSET, and suggests the developmental control for targeting of H3K4me3. Together, our findings provide first insights into the molecular basis for the recruitment, exclusion, and regulation of MLL5 at chromatin.
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49
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Rincon-Arano H, Parkhurst SM, Groudine M. UpSET-ting the balance: modulating open chromatin features in metazoan genomes. Fly (Austin) 2013; 7:153-60. [PMID: 23649046 DOI: 10.4161/fly.24732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate gene expression relies on the sophisticated interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors. Histone acetylation and an open chromatin configuration are key features of transcribed regions and are mainly present around active promoters. Our recent identification of the SET-domain containing protein UpSET established a new functional link between the modulation of open chromatin features and active recruitment of well-known co-repressors in metazoans. Structurally, the SET domain of UpSET resembles H3K4 and H3K36 methyltransferases; however, it is does not confer histone methyltransferase activity. Rather than methylating histones to regulate gene expression like other SET domain-containing proteins, UpSET fine-tunes transcription by modulating the chromatin structure around active promoters resulting in suppression of expression of off-target genes or nearby repetitive elements. Chromatin modulation by UpSET occurs in part through its interaction with histone deacetylases. Here, we discuss the different scenarios in which UpSET could play key roles in modulating gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Rincon-Arano
- Basic Sciences Division; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Seattle, WA USA
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Zhou P, Wang Z, Yuan X, Zhou C, Liu L, Wan X, Zhang F, Ding X, Wang C, Xiong S, Wang Z, Yuan J, Li Q, Zhang Y. Mixed lineage leukemia 5 (MLL5) protein regulates cell cycle progression and E2F1-responsive gene expression via association with host cell factor-1 (HCF-1). J Biol Chem 2013; 288:17532-43. [PMID: 23629655 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.439729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Trithorax group proteins methylate lysine 4 of histone 3 (H3K4) at active gene promoters. MLL5 protein, a member of the Trithorax protein family, has been implicated in the control of the cell cycle progression; however, the underlying molecular mechanism(s) have not been fully determined. In this study, we found that the MLL5 protein can associate with the cell cycle regulator "host cell factor" (HCF-1). The interaction between MLL5 and HCF-1 is mediated by the "HCF-1 binding motif" (HBM) of the MLL5 protein and the Kelch domain of the HCF-1 protein. Confocal microscopy showed that the MLL5 protein largely colocalized with HCF-1 in the nucleus. Knockdown of MLL5 resulted in reduced cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Moreover, down-regulation of E2F1 target gene expression and decreased H3K4me3 levels at E2F1-responsive promoters were observed in MLL5 knockdown cells. Additionally, the core subunits, including ASH2L, RBBP5, and WDR5, that are necessary for effective H3K4 methyltransferase activities of the Trithorax protein complexes, were absent in the MLL5 complex, suggesting that a distinct mechanism may be used by MLL5 for exerting its H3K4 methyltransferase activity. Together, our findings demonstrate that MLL5 could associate with HCF-1 and then be recruited to E2F1-responsive promoters to stimulate H3K4 trimethylation and transcriptional activation, thereby facilitating the cell cycle G1 to S phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, China
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