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Zhao Y, Zhu R, Wang Y, Wang K. Classification and function of γδT cells and its research progress in anti-glioblastoma. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:150. [PMID: 37597083 PMCID: PMC10439874 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human peripheral blood T lymphocytes are classified into alpha-beta T (αβΤ) cells and gamma-delta T (γδΤ) cells based on the difference in T cell receptors (TCRs). αβT cells are crucial for the acquired immune response, while γδΤ cells, though only a small subset, can recognize antigenic substances. These antigens do not need to be processed and presented and are not restricted by MHC. This distinguishes γδΤ cells from αβT cells and highlights their distinct role in innate immunity. Despite their small number, γδΤ cells hold significant significance in anti-tumor, anti-infection and immune regulation. Glioblastoma (GBM) represents one of the most prevalent malignant tumors within the central nervous system (CNS). Surgical resection alone proves to be an ineffective method for curing this type of cancer. Even with the combination of surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the prognosis of some individuals with glioblastoma is still poor, and the recurrence rate is high. In this research, the classification, biological, and immunological functions of γδT cells and their research progress in anti-glioblastoma were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Zhao
- Comprehensive Ward, Yingsheng Hospital District of The Affiliated Tai'an City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai'an, China
| | - Renhong Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tai'an Tumor Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Tai'an, China
| | - Yashu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Tai'an City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai'an, China
| | - Keqiang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China.
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2
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γδ T Lymphocytes as a Double-Edged Sword-State of the Art in Gynecological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314797. [PMID: 36499125 PMCID: PMC9740168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gamma-delta (γδ) T cells are a heterogeneous cell population that bridges the gap between innate and acquired immunity. They are involved in a variety of immunological processes, including tumor escape mechanisms. However, by being prolific cytokine producers, these lymphocytes also participate in antitumor cytotoxicity. Which one of the two possibilities takes place depends on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the subpopulation of γδ T lymphocytes. The aim of this paper is to summarize existing knowledge about the phenotype and dual role of γδ T cells in cancers, including ovarian cancer (OC). OC is the third most common gynecological cancer and the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Anticancer immunity in OC is modulated by the TME, including by immunosuppressive cells, cytokines, and soluble factors. Immune cells are exposed in the TME to many signals that determine their immunophenotype and can manipulate their functions. The significance of γδ T cells in the pathophysiology of OC is enigmatic and remains to be investigated.
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3
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Gay L, Mezouar S, Cano C, Frohna P, Madakamutil L, Mège JL, Olive D. Role of Vγ9vδ2 T lymphocytes in infectious diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:928441. [PMID: 35924233 PMCID: PMC9340263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.928441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The T cell receptor Vγ9Vδ2 T cells bridge innate and adaptive antimicrobial immunity in primates. These Vγ9Vδ2 T cells respond to phosphoantigens (pAgs) present in microbial or eukaryotic cells in a butyrophilin 3A1 (BTN3) and butyrophilin 2A1 (BTN2A1) dependent manner. In humans, the rapid expansion of circulating Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes during several infections as well as their localization at the site of active disease demonstrates their important role in the immune response to infection. However, Vγ9Vδ2 T cell deficiencies have been observed in some infectious diseases such as active tuberculosis and chronic viral infections. In this review, we are providing an overview of the mechanisms of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-mediated antimicrobial immunity. These cells kill infected cells mainly by releasing lytic mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducing target cell apoptosis. In addition, the release of chemokines and cytokines allows the recruitment and activation of immune cells, promoting the initiation of the adaptive immune response. Finaly, we also describe potential new therapeutic tools of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-based immunotherapy that could be applied to emerging infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Gay
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Intitut Recherche pour le Développement (IRT), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny, Infection (MEPHI), Marseille, France
- Immunology Department, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- ImCheck Therapeutics, Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Intitut Recherche pour le Développement (IRT), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny, Infection (MEPHI), Marseille, France
- Immunology Department, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Louis Mège
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Intitut Recherche pour le Développement (IRT), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny, Infection (MEPHI), Marseille, France
- Immunology Department, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM, Hôpital de la Conception, Laboratoire d’Immunologie, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Centre pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm UMR1068, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) UMR7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Daniel Olive,
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4
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Targeting butyrophilins for cancer immunotherapy. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:670-680. [PMID: 34253468 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2+ T cells form part of the innate immune repertoire and are activated by phosphorylated antigens produced by many bacteria and tumors. They have long been suggested as promising targets for anti-tumor therapies, but clinical trials so far have not shown major successes. Several recent discoveries could help to overcome these shortfalls, such as those leading to an improved understanding of the role of butyrophilin molecules BTN2A1 and BTN3A1, in Vγ9Vδ2+ T cell activation. Moreover, we propose that studies suggesting the presence of live bacteria in a variety of tumors (tumor microbiome), indicate that the latter might be harnessed as a source of high affinity bacterial phosphoantigen to trigger or enhance anti-tumor immune responses.
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5
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Yang R, Shen S, Gong C, Wang X, Luo F, Luo F, Lei Y, Wang Z, Xu S, Ni Q, Xue Y, Fu Z, Zeng L, Fang L, Yan Y, Zhang J, Gan L, Yi J, Zhou P. Bispecific Antibody PD-L1 x CD3 Boosts the Anti-Tumor Potency of the Expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654080. [PMID: 34040604 PMCID: PMC8141752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vγ2Vδ2 T cell-based immunotherapy has benefited some patients in clinical trials, but the overall efficacy is low for solid tumor patients. In this study, a bispecific antibody against both PD-L1 and CD3 (PD-L1 x CD3), Y111, could efficiently bridge T cells and PD-L1 expressing tumor cells. The Y111 prompted fresh CD8+ T cell-mediated lysis of H358 cells, but spared this effect on the fresh Vδ2+ T cells enriched from the same donors, which suggested that Y111 could bypass the anti-tumor capacity of the fresh Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. As the adoptive transfer of the expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells was approved to be safe and well-tolerated in clinical trials, we hypothesized that the combination of the expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells with the Y111 would provide an alternative approach of immunotherapy. Y111 induced the activation of the expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in a dose-dependent fashion in the presence of PD-L1 positive tumor cells. Moreover, Y111 increased the cytotoxicity of the expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells against various NSCLC-derived tumor cell lines with the releases of granzyme B, IFNγ, and TNFα in vitro. Meanwhile, the adoptive transferred Vγ2Vδ2 T cells together with the Y111 inhibited the growth of the established xenografts in NPG mice. Taken together, our data suggested a clinical potential for the adoptive transferring the Vγ2Vδ2 T cells with the Y111 to treat PD-L1 positive solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Susu Shen
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Gong
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Luo
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengyan Luo
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Lei
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Zili Wang
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Shasha Xu
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Ni
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Fu
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Fang
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongxiang Yan
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Gan
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jizu Yi
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Research and Development Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
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6
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Shen L, Huang D, Qaqish A, Frencher J, Yang R, Shen H, Chen ZW. Fast-acting γδ T-cell subpopulation and protective immunity against infections. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:254-263. [PMID: 33037700 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Unique Vγ2Vδ2 (Vγ9Vδ2) T cells existing only in human and non-human primates, account for the majority of circulating γδ T cells in human adults. Vγ2Vδ2 T cells are the sole γδ T-cell subpopulation capable of recognizing the microbial (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP) produced by selected pathogens during infections. Recent seminal studies in non-human primate models have demonstrated that the unique HMBPP-specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells are fast-acting, multi-functional, and protective during infections. This article reviews the recent seminal observations of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in protective mechanisms against tuberculosis and other infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arwa Qaqish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James Frencher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Tongji University Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbo Shen
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Tongji University Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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7
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Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells: Can We Re-Purpose a Potent Anti-Infection Mechanism for Cancer Therapy? Cells 2020; 9:cells9040829. [PMID: 32235616 PMCID: PMC7226769 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapies based on in vivo stimulation, or on adoptive T cell transfer of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, have been tested in the past decades but have failed to provide consistent clinical efficacy. New, promising concepts such as γδ Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) -T cells and γδ T-cell engagers are currently under preclinical evaluation. Since the impact of factors, such as the relatively low abundance of γδ T cells within tumor tissue is still under investigation, it remains to be shown whether these effector T cells can provide significant efficacy against solid tumors. Here, we highlight key learnings from the natural role of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in the elimination of host cells bearing intracellular bacterial agents and we translate these into the setting of tumor therapy. We discuss the availability and relevance of preclinical models as well as currently available tools and knowledge from a drug development perspective. Finally, we compare advantages and disadvantages of existing therapeutic concepts and propose a role for Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in immune-oncology next to Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 3 activating therapies.
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8
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Pi J, Shen L, Yang E, Shen H, Huang D, Wang R, Hu C, Jin H, Cai H, Cai J, Zeng G, Chen ZW. Macrophage‐Targeted Isoniazid–Selenium Nanoparticles Promote Antimicrobial Immunity and Synergize Bactericidal Destruction of Tuberculosis Bacilli. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Pi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Center for Primate Biomedical Research University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago IL 60612 USA
- Department of Microbiology Zhongshan School of Medicine Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Center for Primate Biomedical Research University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Enzhuo Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Center for Primate Biomedical Research University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Hongbo Shen
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Center for Primate Biomedical Research University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Richard Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Center for Primate Biomedical Research University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Chunmiao Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Center for Primate Biomedical Research University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Center for Primate Biomedical Research University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Huaihong Cai
- Department of Chemistry Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
| | - Jiye Cai
- Department of Chemistry Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
| | - Gucheng Zeng
- Department of Microbiology Zhongshan School of Medicine Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Zheng W. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Center for Primate Biomedical Research University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago IL 60612 USA
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9
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Pi J, Shen L, Yang E, Shen H, Huang D, Wang R, Hu C, Jin H, Cai H, Cai J, Zeng G, Chen ZW. Macrophage-Targeted Isoniazid-Selenium Nanoparticles Promote Antimicrobial Immunity and Synergize Bactericidal Destruction of Tuberculosis Bacilli. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3226-3234. [PMID: 31756258 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis hallmarks for tuberculosis (TB) are the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) escape from phagolysosomal destruction and limited drug delivery into infected cells. Several nanomaterials can be entrapped in lysosomes, but the development of functional nanomaterials to promote phagolysosomal Mtb clearance remains a big challenge. Here, we report on the bactericidal effects of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) against Mtb and further introduce a novel nanomaterial-assisted anti-TB strategy manipulating Ison@Man-Se NPs for synergistic drug-induced and phagolysosomal destruction of Mtb. Ison@Man-Se NPs preferentially entered macrophages and accumulated in lysosomes releasing Isoniazid. Surprisingly, Ison@Man-Se/Man-Se NPs further promoted the fusion of Mtb into lysosomes for synergistic lysosomal and Isoniazid destruction of Mtb. Concurrently, Ison@Man-Se/Man-Se NPs also induced autophagy sequestration of Mtb, evolving into lysosome-associated autophagosomal Mtb degradation linked to ROS-mitochondrial and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. This novel nanomaterial-assisted anti-TB strategy manipulating antimicrobial immunity and Mtb clearance may potentially serve in more effective therapeutics against TB and drug-resistant TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Pi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Enzhuo Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Hongbo Shen
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Richard Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Chunmiao Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Huaihong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Jiye Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Gucheng Zeng
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Kumagai A, Shimizu K, Kurata R, Cui X, Isagawa T, Harada M, Nagai J, Yoshida Y, Ozaki KI, Takeda N, Semba H, Yonezawa T. Establishment of Novel Cells Stably Secreting Various Human IL-18 Recombinant Proteins. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:47-55. [PMID: 30727885 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190206203640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunotherapies against cancer, autoinmmune diseases or infection are remarkable development. These days programmed cell death (PD)-1 antibody-induced immune checkpoint blockade or chimeric antigen receptor-T cells (CAR-T) have been shown to have eminent therapeutic effects on tumor development. We have focused on adoptive transfer with human gamma delta T cells for novel immunotherapies. Additionally, IL-18 is one of the cytokines that enhances cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity of human gamma delta T cells. METHOD Thus, we established novel cell lines stably expressing and secreting various types of human recombinant IL-18 proteins to their culture supernatants using episomal vector. We also differentiated primary cultured human gamma delta T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes to validate biological activity of the IL-18 proteins using measuring IFN-γ by ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Finally, we demonstrated that the supernatant could activate human gamma delta T cells using monitoring interferon gamma in culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Kumagai
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Gene Research Center for Frontiers Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-14 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kenji Shimizu
- Division of Immune Regulation, Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Riho Kurata
- Education and Research Center for Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Xiaofeng Cui
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, School of Materials and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Loushi Rd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Takayuki Isagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Harada
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Gene Research Center for Frontiers Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-14 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.,Graduate School of information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Jun Nagai
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Gene Research Center for Frontiers Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-14 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichi Ozaki
- Education and Research Center for Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, 7- 3-1, Hongo, Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8654, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Semba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, Tokyo, Japan Nishiazabu 3-2-19, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0031, Japan
| | - Tomo Yonezawa
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Gene Research Center for Frontiers Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-14 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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11
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Immunization of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells programs sustained effector memory responses that control tuberculosis in nonhuman primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:6371-6378. [PMID: 30850538 PMCID: PMC6442559 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811380116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the urgent need for a better tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, relevant protective mechanisms remain unknown. We previously defined protective phosphoantigen (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP)–specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells as a unique subset in primates, and, here, we immunized them selectively for protection against TB. A single respiratory vaccination of macaques with attenuated HMBPP-producing Listeria monocytogenes (Lm ΔactA prfA*), but not an HMBPP-lacking ΔgcpE Listeria strain, expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells, elicited Th1-like Vγ2Vδ2 T cell responses, and reduced TB infection/pathology after moderate-dose TB challenge. Such protection correlated with rapid memory-like, Th1-like Vγ2Vδ2 T cell responses, the presence of tissue-resident Vγ2Vδ2 T effectors coproducing IFN-γ/perforin and inhibiting intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth, and enhanced CD4+/CD8+ T cell responses. These findings establish a concept incorporating immunization of human Vγ2Vδ2 T cells for TB vaccine development. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading killer among infectious diseases, and a better TB vaccine is urgently needed. The critical components and mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remain incompletely defined. Our previous studies demonstrate that Vγ2Vδ2 T cells specific for (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP) phosphoantigen are unique in primates as multifunctional effectors of immune protection against TB infection. Here, we selectively immunized Vγ2Vδ2 T cells and assessed the effect on infection in a rhesus TB model. A single respiratory vaccination of macaques with an HMBPP-producing attenuated Listeria monocytogenes (Lm ΔactA prfA*) caused prolonged expansion of HMBPP-specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in circulating and pulmonary compartments. This did not occur in animals similarly immunized with an Lm ΔgcpE strain, which did not produce HMBPP. Lm ΔactA prfA* vaccination elicited increases in Th1-like Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in the airway, and induced containment of TB infection after pulmonary challenge. The selective immunization of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells reduced lung pathology and mycobacterial dissemination to extrapulmonary organs. Vaccine effects coincided with the fast-acting memory-like response of Th1-like Vγ2Vδ2 T cells and tissue-resident Vγ2Vδ2 effector T cells that produced both IFN-γ and perforin and inhibited intracellular Mtb growth. Furthermore, selective immunization of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells enabled CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to mount earlier pulmonary Th1 responses to TB challenge. Our findings show that selective immunization of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells can elicit fast-acting and durable memory-like responses that amplify responses of other T cell subsets, and provide an approach to creating more effective TB vaccines.
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12
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Lan X, Han X, Li Q, Yang QW, Wang J. Modulators of microglial activation and polarization after intracerebral haemorrhage. Nat Rev Neurol 2017; 13:420-433. [PMID: 28524175 PMCID: PMC5575938 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is the most lethal subtype of stroke but currently lacks effective treatment. Microglia are among the first non-neuronal cells on the scene during the innate immune response to ICH. Microglia respond to acute brain injury by becoming activated and developing classic M1-like (proinflammatory) or alternative M2-like (anti-inflammatory) phenotypes. This polarization implies as yet unrecognized actions of microglia in ICH pathology and recovery, perhaps involving microglial production of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Furthermore, alternatively activated M2-like microglia might promote phagocytosis of red blood cells and tissue debris, a major contribution to haematoma clearance. Interactions between microglia and other cells modulate microglial activation and function, and are also important in ICH pathology. This Review summarizes key studies on modulators of microglial activation and polarization after ICH, including M1-like and M2-like microglial phenotype markers, transcription factors and key signalling pathways. Microglial phagocytosis, haematoma resolution, and the potential crosstalk between microglia and T lymphocytes, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in the ICH brain are described. Finally, the clinical and translational implications of microglial polarization in ICH are presented, including the evidence that therapeutic approaches aimed at modulating microglial function might mitigate ICH injury and improve brain repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross Building 370B, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Xiaoning Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross Building 370B, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross Building 370B, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Qing-Wu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross Building 370B, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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13
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Shen H, Gu J, Xiao H, Liang S, Yang E, Yang R, Huang D, Chen C, Wang F, Shen L, Chen ZW. Selective Destruction of Interleukin 23-Induced Expansion of a Major Antigen-Specific γδ T-Cell Subset in Patients With Tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:420-430. [PMID: 27789724 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A loss of antigen-specific T-cell responses due to defective cytokine signaling during infections has not been reported. We hypothesize that tuberculosis can destroy signaling effects of selective cytokine(s) and induce exhaustion of antigen-specific T cells. To test this hypothesis, mechanistic studies were performed to examine whether and how tuberculosis blocked interleukin 23 (IL-23) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) signaling effects on a major human γδ T-cell subpopulation, phosphoantigen HMBPP-specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. IL-23 and IL-2 significantly expanded HMBPP-stimulated Vγ2Vδ2 T cells from subjects with latent tuberculosis infection, and IL-2 synergized the effect of IL-23. IL-23-induced expansion of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells involved STAT3. Surprisingly, patients with tuberculosis exhibited a selective destruction of IL-23-induced expansion of these cells. The tuberculosis-driven destruction of IL-23 signaling coincided with decreases of expression and phosphorylation of STAT3. Interestingly, impairing of STAT3 was linked to marked increases in the microRNAs (miRNAs) hsa-miR-337-3p and hsa-miR-125b-5p in Vγ2Vδ2 T cells from patients with tuberculosis. Downregulation of hsa-miR-337-3p and hsa-miR-125b-5p by miRNA sponges improved IL-23-mediated expansion of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells and restored the ability of these cells to produce anti-tuberculosis cytokines. These results support our hypothesis that tuberculosis can selectively impair a cytokine effect while sparing another and can induce exhaustion of T cells in response to the respective cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Shen
- Unit of Antituberculosis Immunity, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jin Gu
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Heping Xiao
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Shanshan Liang
- Unit of Antituberculosis Immunity, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Enzhuo Yang
- Unit of Antituberculosis Immunity, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Rui Yang
- Unit of Antituberculosis Immunity, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Crystal Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago.,Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, China
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14
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Lo Presti E, Toia F, Oieni S, Buccheri S, Turdo A, Mangiapane LR, Campisi G, Caputo V, Todaro M, Stassi G, Cordova A, Moschella F, Rinaldi G, Meraviglia S, Dieli F. Squamous Cell Tumors Recruit γδ T Cells Producing either IL17 or IFNγ Depending on the Tumor Stage. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:397-407. [PMID: 28351891 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The identification of reciprocal interactions between tumor-infiltrating immune cells and the microenviroment may help us understand mechanisms of tumor growth inhibition or progression. We have assessed the frequencies of tumor-infiltrating and circulating γδ T cells and regulatory T cells (Treg) from 47 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), to determine if they correlated with progression or survival. Vδ1 T cells infiltrated SSC tissue to a greater extent than normal skin, but SCC patients and healthy subjects had similar amounts circulating. However, Vδ2 T cells were present at higher frequencies in circulation than in the tissue of either cancer patients or healthy donors. Tregs were decreased in the peripheral blood of SCC patients, but were significantly increased in the tumor compartment of these patients. Tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells preferentially showed an effector memory phenotype and made either IL17 or IFNγ depending on the tumor stage, whereas circulating γδ T cells of SCC patients preferentially made IFNγ. Different cell types in the tumor microenvironment produced chemokines that could recruit circulating γδ T cells to the tumor site and other cytokines that could reprogram γδ T cells to produce IL17. These findings suggest the possibility that γδ T cells in SCC are recruited from the periphery and their features are then affected by the tumor microenvironment. Elevated frequencies of infiltrating Vδ2 T cells and Tregs differently correlated with early and advanced tumor stages, respectively. Our results provide insights into the functions of tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells and define potential tools for tumor immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(5); 397-407. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lo Presti
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Toia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Oieni
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Buccheri
- Department for the Treatment and Study of Abdominal Diseases and Transplantation, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alice Turdo
- Department of Surgical and Oncological and Oral Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology Laboratory, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Rosa Mangiapane
- Department of Surgical and Oncological and Oral Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology Laboratory, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Campisi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Caputo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of DIBIMIS, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical and Oncological and Oral Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology Laboratory, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Adriana Cordova
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Moschella
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetana Rinaldi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Meraviglia
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. .,Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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15
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Fechter K, Dorronsoro A, Jakobsson E, Ferrin I, Lang V, Sepulveda P, Pennington DJ, Trigueros C. IFNγ Regulates Activated Vδ2+ T Cells through a Feedback Mechanism Mediated by Mesenchymal Stem Cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169362. [PMID: 28076364 PMCID: PMC5226805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells play a role in a wide range of diseases such as autoimmunity and cancer. The majority of circulating human γδ T lymphocytes express a Vγ9Vδ2+ (Vδ2+) T cell receptor (TCR) and following activation release pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we show that IFNγ, produced by Vδ2+ cells, activates mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated immunosupression, which in turn exerts a negative feedback mechanism on γδ T cell function ranging from cytokine production to proliferation. Importantly, this modulatory effect is limited to a short period of time (<24 hours) post-T cell activation, after which MSCs can no longer exert their immunoregulatory capacity. Using genetically modified MSCs with the IFNγ receptor 1 constitutively silenced, we demonstrate that IFNγ is essential to this process. Activated γδ T cells induce expression of several factors by MSCs that participate in the depletion of amino acids. In particular, we show that indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme involved in L-tryptophan degradation, is responsible for MSC-mediated immunosuppression of Vδ2+ T cells. Thus, our data demonstrate that γδ T cell responses can be immuno-modulated by different signals derived from MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Fechter
- Fundación Inbiomed, Foundation for Stem Cell Research, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Paseo Mikeletegi, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Akaitz Dorronsoro
- Fundación Inbiomed, Foundation for Stem Cell Research, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Paseo Mikeletegi, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Emma Jakobsson
- Fundación Inbiomed, Foundation for Stem Cell Research, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Paseo Mikeletegi, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Izaskun Ferrin
- Fundación Inbiomed, Foundation for Stem Cell Research, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Paseo Mikeletegi, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Valérie Lang
- Fundación Inbiomed, Foundation for Stem Cell Research, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Paseo Mikeletegi, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Pilar Sepulveda
- Fundación para la Investigación Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel J. Pennington
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - César Trigueros
- Fundación Inbiomed, Foundation for Stem Cell Research, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Paseo Mikeletegi, San Sebastián, Spain
- * E-mail:
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16
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Chen ZW. Protective immune responses of major Vγ2Vδ2 T-cell subset in M. tuberculosis infection. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 42:105-112. [PMID: 27491008 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent observation that prenyl pyrophosphates bind the Ig superfamily protein butyrophilin 3A1 (BTN3A1) suggests that modifying BTN3A1 activates major γδ T-cell subset, Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. Studies also show that microbial phosphoantigen HMBPP is required for expansion, pulmonary response, effector functions and memory polarization of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells during infections. Broad repertoires of cytokines involve expansion, recall-like expansion and effector functions of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells after Mtb infection or vaccination. Finally, mechanistic studies in nonhuman primate TB model demonstrate early expansion and differentiation of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells during Mtb infection can increase immune resistance to TB in macaques, with a potential mechanism of early/sustained IFN-γ production and CTL killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago, 909 South Wolcott Avenue, MC790, E704, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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17
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Schrager LK, Izzo A, Velmurugan K. Immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis and novel mechanisms of vaccine activity. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 99 Suppl 1:S3-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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He K, You H, Li Y, Cui L, Zhang J, He W. TCRγ4δ1-engineered αβT cells exhibit effective antitumor activity. Mol Med 2016; 22:519-529. [PMID: 27463149 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell engineering with T cell receptors (TCRs) specific for tumors plays an important role in adoptive T-cell transfer (ATC) therapy for cancer. Here, we present a novel strategy to redirect peripheral blood-derived αβT cells against tumors via TCRγ4δ1 gene transduction. The broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity of TCRδ1 cells in innate immunity is dependent on CDR3δ1. TCRγ4δ1-engineered αβT cells were prepared by lentiviral transduction and characterized by analyzing in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity to tumors, ability of proliferation and cytokine production, and their potential role in autoimmunity. Results show TCRγ4δ1 genes were transduced to approximately 36% of polyclonal αβT cells. TCRγ4δ1-engineered αβT cells exhibited an effective in-vitro TCRγδ-dependent cytotoxicity against various tumor cells via the perforin-granzyme pathway. They also showed a strong proliferative capacity and robust cytokine production. TCRγ4δ1-engineered αβT cells neither expressed mixed TCR dimers nor bound/killed normal cells in vitro. More importantly, adoptive transfer of TCRγ4δ1-engineered αβT cells into nude mice bearing a human HepG2 cell line significantly suppressed tumor growth. Our results demonstrate a novel role for TCRγ4δ1 in gene therapy and ATC for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangxia He
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqin You
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxia Li
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Lianxian Cui
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
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19
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Kilcollins AM, Li J, Hsiao CHC, Wiemer AJ. HMBPP Analog Prodrugs Bypass Energy-Dependent Uptake To Promote Efficient BTN3A1-Mediated Malignant Cell Lysis by Vγ9Vδ2 T Lymphocyte Effectors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:419-28. [PMID: 27271567 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 effector T cells lyse cells in response to phosphorus-containing small molecules, providing primates a unique route to remove infected or malignant cells. Yet, the triggering mechanisms remain ill defined. We examined lysis mediated by human Vγ9Vδ2 effector T cells in response to the naturally occurring (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl diphosphate (HMBPP) or a synthetic cell-permeable prodrug, bis (pivaloyloxymethyl) (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl phosphonate. CD27(+)/CD45RA(-) Th1-like effector cells killed K562 target cells through a mechanism that could be enhanced by either compound or TCR Ab and blocked by Src inhibition or butyrophilin 3 isoform A1 (BTN3A1) disruption. Pretreatment at 4 °: C decreased HMBPP-induced lysis but did not reduce lysis induced by bis (pivaloyloxymethyl) (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl phosphonate. Together, our results show that internalization of HMBPP into target cells is required for BTN3A1-dependent lysis by Vγ9Vδ2 effector T cells. The enhanced activity of the prodrug analog is due to its ability to bypass the pathways required for entry of HMBPP. These findings support an inside-out model of T cell triggering driven by small-molecule induction of BTN3A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Kilcollins
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269; and
| | | | - Andrew J Wiemer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269; and Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
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20
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Li K, Zhang X, Tang ST, Yang L, Cao GQ, Li S, Yang DH. γδ T cells and Foxp3(+) Treg cells infiltration in children with biliary atresia and its significance. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:18512-18517. [PMID: 26770461 PMCID: PMC4694361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the changes in the proportion of γδ T cells and Foxp3(+) Treg cells in children with BA (biliary atresia). The distribution of γδ T cells in the liver tissues and the proportion of γδ T cells and Foxp3(+) Treg cells were observed and detected in BA Group (32 cases) and control group (CG) (12 cases) by using immunohistochemical methods and flow cytometry. The periportal bile duct of liver in BA Group was surrounded by a large number of γδ T cells and a certain degree of Foxp3(+) Treg cells infiltration. Additionally, the proportion of γδ T cells and Foxp3(+) Treg cells was significantly higher than that in CG (P<0.05). And significantly negative correlation was revealed in the proportion of γδ T cells and Foxp3(+) Treg cells (P<0.05). The increase of γδ T cells or inhibition of Foxp3(+) Treg cell proliferation in liver tissues of patients with biliary atresia exacerbated the progressive inflammatory injury of bile ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shao-Tao Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guo-Qing Cao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022, China
| | - De-Hua Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022, China
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21
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Gao Y, Zhang S, Ou Q, Shen L, Wang S, Wu J, Weng X, Chen ZW, Zhang W, Shao L. Characterization of CD4/CD8+ αβ and Vγ2Vδ2+ T cells in HIV-negative individuals with different Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection statuses. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:801-7. [PMID: 26429305 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune responses of T cell subsets among patients with different Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection statuses [i.e., active tuberculosis (ATB), latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and non-infection (healthy control, HC)] have not been fully elucidated in HIV-negative individuals. Specifically, data are limiting in high tuberculosis epidemic regions in China. To investigate the distributions and functions of T cell subsets (i.e., CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ αβ and Vγ2Vδ2+ T cells) in HIV-negative subjects with different M.tb infection statuses, we conducted a case-control study that enrolled 125 participants, including ATB patients (n = 46), LTBI subjects (n = 34), and HC (n = 45). RESULTS An IFN-γ release assay (IGRA) was employed to screen LTBI subjects. Whole blood cell surface staining and flow cytometry were used to detect phenotypic distributions of T cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and tuberculous pleural fluid mononuclear cells (PFMCs). PPD and the phosphorylated antigen HMBPP were employed as stimulators for the detection of M.tb antigen-specific T cell functions via intracellular cytokine staining (ICS). The absolute numbers of T cell subsets, including CD3+ CD4+, CD3+ CD8+ αβ and Vγ2Vδ2+ T cells, were significantly reduced in active tuberculosis compared with latent tuberculosis or the healthy controls. Importantly, PPD-specific CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ αβ T cells and HMBPP-specific Vγ2Vδ2+ T cells in ATB patients were also significantly reduced compared to the LTBI/HC subjects (P<0.05). In contrast, the proportion of CD4+ T cells in PFMCs was higher compared to PBMCs, while CD8+ and Vγ2Vδ2+ T cells in PFMCs were lower compared to PBMCs (all P < 0.05). PPD-specific CD4+ T cells predominated among CD3+ T cells in PFMCs. CONCLUSIONS Cellular immune responses are impaired in ATB patients. Antigen-specific CD4+ T cell may migrate from the periphery to the lesion site, where they exert anti-tuberculosis functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Qinfang Ou
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Wuxi No. 5 People's Hospital, Wuxi 214005, China.
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Xinhua Weng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, MC790 Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Lingyun Shao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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22
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Geng S, Weng J, Chen S, Li Y, Wu P, Huang X, Lai P, Du X. Abnormalities in the T Cell Receptor Vδ Repertoire and Foxp3 Expression in Refractory Anemia with Ringed Sideroblasts. DNA Cell Biol 2015; 34:588-95. [PMID: 26154600 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suxia Geng
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Weng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilong Lai
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Casetti R, De Simone G, Sacchi A, Rinaldi A, Viola D, Agrati C, Bordoni V, Cimini E, Tumino N, Besi F, Martini F. Vγ9Vδ2 T-Cell Polyfunctionality Is Differently Modulated in HAART-Treated HIV Patients according to CD4 T-Cell Count. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132291. [PMID: 26161861 PMCID: PMC4498914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration of γδ T-cell distribution and function in peripheral blood is among the earliest defects during HIV-infection. We asked whether the polyfunctional response could also be affected, and how this impairment could be associated to CD4 T-cell count. To this aim, we performed a cross-sectional study on HIV-infected individuals. In order to evaluate the polyfunctional-Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell response after phosphoantigen-stimulation, we assessed the cytokine/chemokine production and cytotoxicity by flow-cytometry in HAART-treated-HIV+ persons and healthy-donors. During HIV-infection Vγ9Vδ2-polyfunctional response quality is affected, since several Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell subsets resulted significantly lower in HIV+ patients in respect to healthy donors. Interestingly, we found a weak positive correlation between Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell-response and CD4 T-cell counts. By dividing the HIV+ patients according to CD4 T-cell count, we found that Low-CD4 patients expressed a lower number of two Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell subsets expressing MIP-1β in different combinations with other molecules (CD107a/IFNγ) in respect to High-CD4 individuals. Our results show that the Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell-response quality in Low-CD4 patients is specifically affected, suggesting a direct link between innate Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells and CD4 T-cell count. These findings suggest that Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell quality may be indirectly influenced by HAART therapy and could be included in a new therapeutical strategy which would perform an important role in fighting HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Casetti
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Simone
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sacchi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rinaldi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Viola
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Agrati
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Bordoni
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cimini
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Tumino
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Besi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Martini
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Lin PL, Flynn JL. CD8 T cells and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 37:239-49. [PMID: 25917388 PMCID: PMC4439333 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is primarily a respiratory disease that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis can persist and replicate in macrophages in vivo, usually in organized cellular structures called granulomas. There is substantial evidence for the importance of CD4 T cells in control of tuberculosis, but the evidence for a requirement for CD8 T cells in this infection has not been proven in humans. However, animal model data support a non-redundant role for CD8 T cells in control of M. tuberculosis infection. In humans, infection with this pathogen leads to generation of specific CD8 T cell responses. These responses include classical (MHC Class I restricted) and non-classical CD8 T cells. Here, we discuss the potential roles of CD8 T cells in defense against tuberculosis, and our current understanding of the wide range of CD8 T cell types seen in M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philana Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
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25
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Shi L, Qin J, Song B, Wang QM, Zhang R, Liu X, Liu Y, Hou H, Chen X, Ma X, Jiang C, Sun X, Gong G, Xu Y. Increased frequency of circulating regulatory T cells in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage. Neurosci Lett 2015; 591:115-120. [PMID: 25703227 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a serious stroke subtype, currently lacking effective treatment. Recent research has shown that CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in the immune response of ischemic stroke. However, Tregs in human hemorrhagic stroke are poorly investigated. In this study, a total of 90 ICH patients and 60 healthy controls were recruited. The frequency of circulating Tregs, plasma levels of TGF-β and IL-10, and the severity of neural dysfunction in ICH patients were investigated at different time points post ICH. We found that the peripheral frequency of Tregs in ICH patients was significantly increased, accompanied by boosted activated T cells. Importantly, the elevation of circulating Tregs in patients with severe dysfunction was much higher than that in less-severe patients, suggesting that disease severity affects circulating Tregs to exert regulatory function. Furthermore, both TGF-β and IL-10 that are related to the function of Tregs, were also increased in the peripheral blood of ICH patients. Our results demonstrate that Tregs-mediated immune imbalance might affect the development and severity of ICH, and suggest that Tregs may be used as tools and targets of cellular immunotherapy to effectively treat acute hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Shi
- Third Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province 450052, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province 453100, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Third Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Bo Song
- Third Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Qing Mei Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Rui Zhang
- Third Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Xinjing Liu
- Third Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Yutao Liu
- Third Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Haiman Hou
- Third Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Xiulan Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province 453100, China
| | - Xun Ma
- Third Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Chenyang Jiang
- Third Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Third Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Guangming Gong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province 450000, China.
| | - Yuming Xu
- Third Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province 450052, China.
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26
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Kobayashi H, Tanaka Y. γδ T Cell Immunotherapy-A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2015; 8:40-61. [PMID: 25686210 PMCID: PMC4381201 DOI: 10.3390/ph8010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy utilizing Vγ9Vδ2 T cells has been developed over the past decade. A large number of clinical trials have been conducted on various types of solid tumors as well as hematological malignancies. Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-based immunotherapy can be classified into two categories based on the methods of activation and expansion of these cells. Although the in vivo expansion of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by phosphoantigens or nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-bis) has been translated to early-phase clinical trials, in which the safety of the treatment was confirmed, problems such as activation-induced Vγ9Vδ2 T cell anergy and a decrease in the number of peripheral blood Vγ9Vδ2 T cells after infusion of these stimulants have not yet been solved. In addition, it is difficult to ex vivo expand Vγ9Vδ2 T cells from advanced cancer patients with decreased initial numbers of peripheral blood Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. In this article, we review the clinical studies and reports targeting Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and discuss the development and improvement of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Kobayashi
- Transfusion Medicine and Cell Processing, Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
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Shen H, Wang Y, Chen CY, Frencher J, Huang D, Yang E, Ryan-Payseur B, Chen ZW. Th17-related cytokines contribute to recall-like expansion/effector function of HMBPP-specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells after Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection or vaccination. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:442-51. [PMID: 25141829 PMCID: PMC4916493 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Whether cytokines can influence the adaptive immune response by antigen-specific γδ T cells during infections or vaccinations remains unknown. We previously demonstrated that, during BCG/Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections, Th17-related cytokines markedly upregulated when phosphoantigen-specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells expanded. In this study, we examined the involvement of Th17-related cytokines in the recall-like responses of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells following Mtb infection or vaccination against TB. Treatment with IL-17A/IL-17F or IL-22 expanded phosphoantigen 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP)-stimulated Vγ2Vδ2 T cells from BCG-vaccinated macaques but not from naïve animals, and IL-23 induced greater expansion than the other Th17-related cytokines. Consistently, Mtb infection of macaques also enhanced the ability of IL-17/IL-22 or IL-23 to expand HMBPP-stimulated Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. When evaluating IL-23 signaling as a prototype, we found that HMBPP/IL-23-expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells from macaques infected with Mtb or vaccinated with BCG or Listeria ΔactA prfA*-ESAT6/Ag85B produced IL-17, IL-22, IL-2, and IFN-γ. Interestingly, HMBPP/IL-23-induced production of IFN-γ in turn facilitated IL-23-induced expansion of HMBPP-activated Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. Furthermore, HMBPP/IL-23-induced proliferation of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells appeared to require APC contact and involve the conventional and novel protein kinase C signaling pathways. These findings suggest that Th17-related cytokines can contribute to recall-like expansion and effector function of Ag-specific γδ T cells after infection or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Shen
- Chinese Academy of Science, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yunqi Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - Crystal Y. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James Frencher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Enzhuo Yang
- Chinese Academy of Science, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bridgett Ryan-Payseur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zheng W. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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28
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Frencher JT, Shen H, Yan L, Wilson JO, Freitag NE, Rizzo AN, Chen CY, Chen ZW. HMBPP-deficient Listeria mutant immunization alters pulmonary/systemic responses, effector functions, and memory polarization of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:957-67. [PMID: 25114162 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.6hi1213-632r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas infection or immunization of humans/primates with microbes coproducing HMBPP/IPP can remarkably activate Vγ2Vδ2 T cells, in vivo studies have not been done to dissect HMBPP- and IPP-driven expansion, pulmonary trafficking, effector functions, and memory polarization of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. We define these phosphoantigen-host interplays by comparative immunizations of macaques with the HMBPP/IPP-coproducing Listeria ΔactA prfA* and HMBPP-deficient Listeria ΔactA ΔGCPE: prfA* mutant. The HMBPP-deficient ΔGCPE: mutant shows lower ability to expand Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in vitro than the parental HMBPP-producing strain but displays comparably attenuated infectivity or immunogenicity. Respiratory immunization of macaques with the HMBPP-deficient mutant elicits lower pulmonary and systemic responses of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells compared with the HMBPP-producing vaccine strain. Interestingly, HMBPP-deficient mutant reimmunization or boosting elicits enhanced responses of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells, but the magnitude is lower than that by HMBPP-producing listeria. HMBPP-deficient listeria differentiated fewer Vγ2Vδ2 T effector cells capable of coproducing IFN-γ and TNF-α and inhibiting intracellular listeria than HMBPP-producing listeria. Furthermore, HMBPP deficiency in listerial immunization influences memory polarization of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. Thus, both HMBPP and IPP production in listerial immunization or infection elicit systemic/pulmonary responses and differentiation of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells, but a role for HMBPP is more dominant. Findings may help devise immune intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Frencher
- Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hongbo Shen
- Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lin Yan
- Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Crystal Y Chen
- Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zheng W Chen
- Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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29
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Wiemer DF, Wiemer AJ. Opportunities and challenges in development of phosphoantigens as Vγ9Vδ2 T cell agonists. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 89:301-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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30
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Visperas A, Shen B, Min B. γδ T cells restrain extrathymic development of Foxp3+-inducible regulatory T cells via IFN-γ. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2448-56. [PMID: 24799116 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inducible Treg (iTreg) cells generated from Ag-stimulated naïve CD4(+) T cells in the periphery play an important role in regulating immune responses. TGF-β is a key cytokine that promotes this conversion process; however, how this process is regulated in vivo remains unclear. Here, we report that γδ T cells play a crucial role in controlling iTreg generation and suppressor function. Ag-induced iTreg generation was significantly enhanced in C57BL/6 mice in the absence of γδ T cells. Inhibition of iTreg conversion was mediated by IFN-γ produced by activated γδ T cells but not by activated CD4(+) T cells. BM chimera experiments further confirmed γδ-derived IFN-γ-dependent mechanism in regulating iTreg generation in vivo. Lastly, human peripheral blood γδ T cells also interfere with iTreg conversion via IFN-γ. Our results suggest a novel function of γδ T cells in limiting the generation of iTreg cells, potentially balancing immunity and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabelle Visperas
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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31
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Su D, Shen M, Gu B, Wang X, Wang D, Li X, Sun L. 99Tc-methylene diphosphonate improves rheumatoid arthritis disease activity by increasing the frequency of peripheral γδ T cells and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 19:586-93. [PMID: 24467668 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinglei Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology; Nanjing First Hospital; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Minning Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology; Nanjing First Hospital; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Bingjie Gu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology; Nanjing First Hospital; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology; Nanjing First Hospital; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology; Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Immunology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology; Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
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32
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Laws TR, Nelson M, Bonnafous C, Sicard H, Taylor C, Salguero FJ, Atkins TP, Oyston PCF, Rowland CA. In vivo manipulation of γ9(+) T cells in the common marmoset (Callithrix Jacchus) with phosphoantigen and effect on the progression of respiratory melioidosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74789. [PMID: 24098670 PMCID: PMC3786980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a dangerous human pathogen. Phosphoantigens specifically the target primate specific γ9(+)δ2(+) T cells subset and some have been developed as potential immunotherapeutics. Previously, we demonstrated that, when stimulated with the phosphoantigen CHDMAPP, γ9(+)δ2(+) T cells aid in the killing of intracellular B. pseudomallei bacteria. Moreover, we found that common marmoset (Callithrix Jacchus) γ9(+) T cells increase in frequency and respond to the phosphoantigen CHDMAPP and/or B. pseudomallei, in combination with IL-2, in a similar manner to human γ9(+)δ2(+) T cells. Here we evaluate the efficacy of the phosphoantigen CHDMAPP, in combination with IL-2, as a therapy against B. pseudomallei infection, in vivo. We found that the previous studies predicted the in vivo responsiveness of γ9(+) T cells to the CHDMAPP+IL-2 treatment and significant expansion of the numbers of peripheral and splenic γ9(+) T cells were observed. This effect was similar to those reported in other primate species treated with phosphoantigen. Furthermore, splenocytes were retrieved 7 days post onset of treatment, restimulated with CHDMAPP or heat-killed B. pseudomallei and the cultured γ9(+) T cells demonstrated no reduction in IFN-γ response when CHDMAPP+IL-2 animals were compared to IL-2 only treated animals. Using an established model of B. pseudomallei infection in the marmoset, we assessed the potential for using phosphoantigen as a novel immunotherapy. The CHDMAPP treatment regime had no effect on the progression of respiratory melioidosis and this was despite the presence of elevated numbers of γ9(+) T cells in the spleen, liver and lung and an increased proportion of IFN-γ(+) cells in response to infection. We therefore report that the common marmoset has proven a good model for studying the effect in vivo of γ9(+) T cell stimulation; however, γ9(+) T cells have little or no effect on the progression of lethal, respiratory B. pseudomallei infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Laws
- Biomedical Sciences Dept, Defence Science and Technology laboratory (DSTL) Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Nelson
- Biomedical Sciences Dept, Defence Science and Technology laboratory (DSTL) Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Christopher Taylor
- Biomedical Sciences Dept, Defence Science and Technology laboratory (DSTL) Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | | | - Timothy P. Atkins
- Biomedical Sciences Dept, Defence Science and Technology laboratory (DSTL) Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Petra C. F. Oyston
- Biomedical Sciences Dept, Defence Science and Technology laboratory (DSTL) Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline A. Rowland
- Biomedical Sciences Dept, Defence Science and Technology laboratory (DSTL) Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
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33
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Chen CY, Yao S, Huang D, Wei H, Sicard H, Zeng G, Jomaa H, Larsen MH, Jacobs WR, Wang R, Letvin N, Shen Y, Qiu L, Shen L, Chen ZW. Phosphoantigen/IL2 expansion and differentiation of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells increase resistance to tuberculosis in nonhuman primates. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003501. [PMID: 23966854 PMCID: PMC3744401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dominant Vγ2Vδ2 T-cell subset exist only in primates, and recognize phosphoantigen from selected pathogens including M. tuberculosis(Mtb). In vivo function of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in tuberculosis remains unknown. We conducted mechanistic studies to determine whether earlier expansion/differentiation of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells during Mtb infection could increase immune resistance to tuberculosis in macaques. Phosphoantigen/IL-2 administration specifically induced major expansion and pulmonary trafficking/accumulation of phosphoantigen-specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells, significantly reduced Mtb burdens and attenuated tuberculosis lesions in lung tissues compared to saline/BSA or IL-2 controls. Expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells differentiated into multifunctional effector subpopulations capable of producing anti-TB cytokines IFNγ, perforin and granulysin, and co-producing perforin/granulysin in lung tissue. Mechanistically, perforin/granulysin-producing Vγ2Vδ2 T cells limited intracellular Mtb growth, and macaque granulysin had Mtb-bactericidal effect, and inhibited intracellular Mtb in presence of perforin. Furthermore, phosphoantigen/IL2-expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T effector cells produced IL-12, and their expansion/differentiation led to enhanced pulmonary responses of peptide-specific CD4+/CD8+ Th1-like cells. These results provide first in vivo evidence implicating that early expansion/differentiation of Vγ2Vδ2 T effector cells during Mtb infection increases resistance to tuberculosis. Thus, data support a rationale for conducting further studies of the γδ T-cell-targeted treatment of established TB, which might ultimately help explore single or adjunctive phosphoantigen expansion of Vγ2Vδ2 T-cell subset as intervention of MDR-tuberculosis or HIV-related tuberculosis. Tuberculosis(TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb), remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While CD4+/CD8+ T cells are protective, role of γδ T cells in TB and other infections remains unknown in humans. Vγ2Vδ2 T cells exist only in primates, represent a dominant circulating γδ T-cell subpopulation, and recognize phosphoantigen from Mtb and some selected pathogens. Here, we determined whether earlier expansion/differentiation of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells during Mtb infection increased resistance to TB in macaques. Phosphoantigen plus IL-2 administration induced expansion and pulmonary accumulation of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells, significantly reduced Mtb counts and attenuated TB lesions in lung tissues. Expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells produced anti-TB cytokines IFNγ, perforin and granulysin, and co-produced perforin and granulysin in lung tissue. Perforin/granulysin-co-producing Vγ2Vδ2 T cells limited intracellular Mtb growth, and macaque granulysin killed Mtb bacteria, and inhibited intracellular Mtb in presence of perforin. Furthermore, expansion of Vγ2Vδ2 T effectors enhanced pulmonary responses of peptide-specific CD4+/CD8+ T cells, which correlated with the ability of Vγ2Vδ2 T effector cells to produce IL-12. These results provide first evidence implicating a protective role of Vγ2Vδ2 T effector cells in TB, supporting a rationale to explore Vγ2Vδ2 T-cell-targeted treatment of drug-resistant TB or HIV-related TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Y. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Shuyu Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Huiyong Wei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Gucheng Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hassan Jomaa
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michelle H. Larsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - William R. Jacobs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Norman Letvin
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Liyou Qiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ling Shen
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zheng W. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Roles of γδ T cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:985753. [PMID: 23533458 PMCID: PMC3600234 DOI: 10.1155/2013/985753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells are a minor population of T cells that express the TCR γδ chains, mainly distributed in the mucosal and epithelial tissue and accounting for less than 5% of the total T cells in the peripheral blood. By bridging innate and adaptive immunity, γδ T cells play important roles in the anti-infection, antitumor, and autoimmune responses. Previous research on γδ T cells was primarily concentrated on infectious diseases and tumors, whereas their functions in autoimmune diseases attracted much attention. In this paper, we summarized the various functions of γδ T cells in two prototypical autoimmune connective tissue diseases, that is, SLE and RA, elaborating on their antigen-presenting capacity, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, immunomodulatory effects, and auxiliary function for B cells, which contribute to overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines and pathogenic autoantibodies, ultimately leading to the onset of these autoimmune diseases. Elucidation of the roles of γδ T cells in autoimmune diseases is not only conducive to in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases, but also beneficial in providing theoretical support for the development of γδ T-cell-targeted therapy.
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35
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Abstract
γδ T cells account for approximately 5% of peripheral blood T cells but are more abundant in mucosal tissue. Based on the recognized ligands and their general lack of MHC restriction, γδ T cells are considered as unconventional T cells that link innate and adaptive immunity. γδ T cells produce a diverse range of cytokines, exert cytotoxic effector function, can act as antigen-presenting cells, and display regulatory activity. Here we review the current knowledge on the regulatory functions of murine and human γδ T cells. Some γδ T cells produce inhibitory cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β but γδ T cells can utilize additional regulatory mechanisms. By subverting regulatory T cells (Treg) through induction of Treg apoptosis or cytokine-dependent reversal of Treg activity, however, γδ T cells can also enhance effector T cell activity and thereby contribute to autoimmunity. A more precise understanding of the plasticity of regulatory γδ T cells is required to specifically identify strategies for intentional modulation of their beneficial or detrimental regulatory activity.
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36
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Rowland CA, Laws TR, Oyston PCF. An assessment of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) γ9(+) T cells and their response to phosphoantigen in vitro. Cell Immunol 2012; 280:132-7. [PMID: 23399838 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
γ9δ2 T cells are a primate-specific γδ T cell subtype that expand and become activated during infection, responding directly to phosphoantigens which are by-products of essential metabolic pathways in both bacteria and mammals. Analogues of natural phosphoantigens have been developed as potential immunotherapeutics for treatment of tumours and infectious diseases. Several non-human primate models have been used in preclinical studies, however, little is known about marmoset γ9δ2 T cell responses. We identified γ9(+) T cells in various tissues in the marmoset and determined that these cells respond to phosphoantigen in a similar manner to human γ9δ2 T cells in vitro. Both human γ9δ2 T cells and marmoset γ9(+) T cells were able to reduce growth of the intracellular bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei in vitro following expansion with phosphoantigen. This suggests that the marmoset is an appropriate model for examining the immunotherapeutic potential of compounds which target γ9δ2 T cells.
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37
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Fournié JJ, Sicard H, Poupot M, Bezombes C, Blanc A, Romagné F, Ysebaert L, Laurent G. What lessons can be learned from γδ T cell-based cancer immunotherapy trials? Cell Mol Immunol 2012; 10:35-41. [PMID: 23241899 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2012.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last several years, research has produced a significant amount of knowledge concerning the characteristics of human γδ T lymphocytes. Findings regarding the immune functions of these cells, particularly their natural killer cell-like lytic activity against tumor cells, have raised expectations for the therapeutic applications of these cells for cancer. Pharmaceutical companies have produced selective agonists for these lymphocytes, and several teams have launched clinical trials of γδ T cell-based cancer therapies. The findings from these studies include hematological malignancies (follicular lymphoma, multiple myeloma, acute and chronic myeloid leukemia), as well as solid tumors (renal cell, breast and prostate carcinomas), consisting of samples from more than 250 patients from Europe, Japan and the United States. The results of these pioneering studies are now available, and this short review summarizes the lessons learned and the role of γδ T cell-based strategies in the current landscape of cancer immunotherapies.
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Chen ZW. Multifunctional immune responses of HMBPP-specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in M. tuberculosis and other infections. Cell Mol Immunol 2012; 10:58-64. [PMID: 23147720 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2012.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Vγ2Vδ2 T (also known as Vγ9Vδ2 T) cells exist only in primates, and in humans represent a major γδ T-cell sub-population in the total population of circulating γδ T cells. Results from recent studies suggest that while (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP) phosphoantigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and other microbes activates and expands primate Vγ2Vδ2 T cells, the Vγ2Vδ2 T-cell receptor (TCR) recognizes and binds to HMBPP on antigen-presenting cells (APC). In response to HMBPP stimulus, Vγ2Vδ2 TCRs array to form signaling-related nanoclusters or nanodomains during the activation of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. Primary infections with HMBPP-producing pathogens drive the evolution of multieffector functional responses in Vγ2Vδ2 T cells, although Vγ2Vδ2 T cells display different patterns of responses during the acute and chronic phases of Mtb infection and in other infections. Expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in primary Mtb infection can exhibit a broader TCR repertoire and a greater clonal response than previously assumed, with different distribution patterns of Vγ2Vδ2 T-cell clones in lymphoid and non-lymphoid compartments. Emerging in vivo data suggest that HMBPP activation of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells appears to impact other immune cells during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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39
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Abstract
γδ-T cells represent a small population of immune cells, but play an indispensable role in host defenses against exogenous pathogens, immune surveillance of endogenous pathogenesis and even homeostasis of the immune system. Activation and expansion of γδ-T cells are generally observed in diverse human infectious diseases and correlate with their progression and prognosis. γδ-T cells have both 'innate' and 'adaptive' characteristics in the immune response, and their anti-infection activities are mediated by multiple pathways that are under elaborate regulation by other immune components. In this review, we summarize the current state of the literature and the recent advancements in γδ-T cell-mediated immune responses against common human infectious pathogens. Although further investigation is needed to improve our understanding of the characteristics of different γδ-T cell subpopulations under specific conditions, γδ-T cell-based therapy has great potential for the treatment of infectious diseases.
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40
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Chen CY, Huang D, Yao S, Halliday L, Zeng G, Wang RC, Chen ZW. IL-2 simultaneously expands Foxp3+ T regulatory and T effector cells and confers resistance to severe tuberculosis (TB): implicative Treg-T effector cooperation in immunity to TB. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4278-88. [PMID: 22474020 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The possibility that simultaneous expansion of T regulatory cells (Treg) and T effector cells early postinfection can confer some immunological benefits has not been studied. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that early, simultaneous cytokine expansion of Treg and T effector cells in a tissue infection site can allow these T cell populations to act in concert to control tissue inflammation/damage while containing infection. IL-2 treatments early after Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of macaques induced simultaneous expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg, CD8(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells, and CD4(+) T effector/CD8(+) T effector/Vγ2Vδ2 T effector populations producing anti-M. tuberculosis cytokines IFN-γ and perforin, and conferred resistance to severe TB inflammation and lesions. IL-2-expanded Foxp3(+) Treg readily accumulated in pulmonary compartment, but despite this, rapid pulmonary trafficking/accumulation of IL-2-activated T effector populations still occurred. Such simultaneous recruitments of IL-2-expanded Treg and T effector populations to pulmonary compartment during M. tuberculosis infection correlated with IL-2-induced resistance to TB lesions without causing Treg-associated increases in M. tuberculosis burdens. In vivo depletion of IL-2-expanded CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Treg and CD4(+) T effectors during IL-2 treatment of M. tuberculosis-infected macaques significantly reduced IL-2-induced resistance to TB lesions, suggesting that IL-2-expanded CD4(+) T effector cells and Treg contributed to anti-TB immunity. Thus, IL-2 can simultaneously activate and expand T effector cells and Foxp3(+) Treg populations and confer resistance to severe TB without enhancing M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Y Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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41
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Finkelstein A, Kunis G, Berkutzki T, Ronen A, Krivoy A, Yoles E, Last D, Mardor Y, Van Shura K, McFarland E, Capacio BA, Eisner C, Gonzales M, Gregorowicz D, Eisenkraft A, McDonough JH, Schwartz M. Immunomodulation by poly-YE reduces organophosphate-induced brain damage. Brain Behav Immun 2012; 26:159-69. [PMID: 21925261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accidental organophosphate poisoning resulting from environmental or occupational exposure, as well as the deliberate use of nerve agents on the battlefield or by terrorists, remain major threats for multi-casualty events, with no effective therapies yet available. Even transient exposure to organophosphorous compounds may lead to brain damage associated with microglial activation and to long-lasting neurological and psychological deficits. Regulation of the microglial response by adaptive immunity was previously shown to reduce the consequences of acute insult to the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we tested whether an immunization-based treatment that affects the properties of T regulatory cells (Tregs) can reduce brain damage following organophosphate intoxication, as a supplement to the standard antidotal protocol. Rats were intoxicated by acute exposure to the nerve agent soman, or the organophosphate pesticide, paraoxon, and after 24 h were treated with the immunomodulator, poly-YE. A single injection of poly-YE resulted in a significant increase in neuronal survival and tissue preservation. The beneficial effect of poly-YE treatment was associated with specific recruitment of CD4(+) T cells into the brain, reduced microglial activation, and an increase in the levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the piriform cortex. These results suggest therapeutic intervention with poly-YE as an immunomodulatory supplementary approach against consequences of organophosphate-induced brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseny Finkelstein
- Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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42
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Käser T, Gerner W, Saalmüller A. Porcine regulatory T cells: mechanisms and T-cell targets of suppression. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 35:1166-1172. [PMID: 21530576 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Tregs are known for their suppressive capacity on various immune reactions. In swine, existence as well as suppressive activity of Foxp3(+) Tregs could be demonstrated but detailed functional investigations are lacking. Therefore, we analysed the functional properties of porcine Tregs. We observed that besides TCR stimulation Tregs require IL-2 for activation. Furthermore, we investigated the following mechanisms of suppression: (i) cell-cell contact dependency, (ii) production of soluble suppressive factors and (iii) competition for growth factors. Our experiments revealed that suppression by porcine Tregs is abrogated by blocking cell-cell contact or by supplementing excessive amounts of IL-2. Additionally it could be shown that porcine Tregs produce immunosuppressive IL-10. Thereby, we demonstrated that porcine Tregs can use all main mechanisms of suppression mentioned above. Further investigations on the suppressive activity of Tregs using CFSE proliferation assays demonstrated that suppression affects T-helper cells as well as cytotoxic T lymphocytes and TCR-γδ T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Communication
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Immune Tolerance
- Interleukin-10/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-2/immunology
- Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Swine/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Käser
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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43
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Castella B, Riganti C, Fiore F, Pantaleoni F, Canepari ME, Peola S, Foglietta M, Palumbo A, Bosia A, Coscia M, Boccadoro M, Massaia M. Immune Modulation by Zoledronic Acid in Human Myeloma: An Advantageous Cross-Talk between Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells, αβ CD8+T Cells, Regulatory T Cells, and Dendritic Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:1578-90. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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44
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Capietto AH, Martinet L, Fournié JJ. How tumors might withstand γδ T-cell attack. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:2433-42. [PMID: 21547501 PMCID: PMC11115001 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Several clinical trials are currently assessing the therapeutic activity of human TCRVγ9Vδ2(+) lymphocytes in cancer. Growing tumors usually follow a triphasic "Elimination, Equilibrium, Escape" evolution in patients. Thus, at diagnostic, most tumors have already developed some means to escape to immune protection. We review here the conventional immunoescape mechanisms which might also protect against cytolytic TCRVγ9Vδ2(+) lymphocytes activated by phosphoantigens. Neutralization of these deleterious processes might prove highly valuable to improve the efficacy of ongoing γδ cell-based cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude-Hélène Capietto
- INSERM UMR1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- CNRS ERL5294, BP3028, CHU Purpan, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Present Address: Department of Orthopedics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Ludovic Martinet
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Institut De Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Unité Mixte de Recherches (UMR) 5089, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- INSERM UMR1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- CNRS ERL5294, BP3028, CHU Purpan, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31300 Toulouse, France
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45
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Zeng G, Chen CY, Huang D, Yao S, Wang RC, Chen ZW. Membrane-bound IL-22 after de novo production in tuberculosis and anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis effector function of IL-22+ CD4+ T cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2011; 187:190-9. [PMID: 21632708 PMCID: PMC3586328 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1004129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of IL-22-producing CD4(+) T cells in intracellular pathogen infections is poorly characterized. IL-22-producing CD4(+) T cells may express some effector molecules on the membrane, and therefore synergize or contribute to antimicrobial effector function. This hypothesis cannot be tested by conventional approaches manipulating a single IL-22 cytokine at genetic and protein levels, and IL-22(+) T cells cannot be purified for evaluation due to secretion nature of cytokines. In this study, we surprisingly found that upon activation, CD4(+) T cells in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macaques or humans could evolve into T effector cells bearing membrane-bound IL-22 after de novo IL-22 production. Membrane-bound IL-22(+) CD4(+) T effector cells appeared to mature in vivo and sustain membrane distribution in highly inflammatory environments during active M. tuberculosis infection. Near-field scanning optical microscopy/quantum dot-based nanoscale molecular imaging revealed that membrane-bound IL-22, like CD3, distributed in membrane and engaged as ∼100-200 nm nanoclusters or ∼300-600 nm nanodomains for potential interaction with IL-22R. Importantly, purified membrane-bound IL-22(+) CD4(+) T cells inhibited intracellular M. tuberculosis replication in macrophages. Our findings suggest that IL-22-producing T cells can evolve to retain IL-22 on membrane for prolonged IL-22 t(1/2) and to exert efficient cell-cell interaction for anti-M. tuberculosis effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gucheng Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Crystal Y. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Shuyu Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Richard C. Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Zheng W. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
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46
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Castella B, Vitale C, Coscia M, Massaia M. Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-based immunotherapy in hematological malignancies: from bench to bedside. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:2419-32. [PMID: 21584812 PMCID: PMC11114640 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many hematological malignancies consist of tumor cells that are spontaneously recognized and killed by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. These tumor cells generate high amounts of intracellular phosphorylated metabolites mimicking the natural ligands and display a wide range of stress-induced self-ligands that are recognized by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells via TCR-dependent and TCR-independent mechanisms. The intrinsic features of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and that of tumor cells of hematological origin constitute an ideal combination from which to develop Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-based immune interventions. In this review, we will discuss the rationale, preclinical and clinical data in favor of this therapeutic strategy and the future perspectives of its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Castella
- Laboratorio di Ematologia Oncologica, Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS), and Divisione Universitaria di Ematologia, Ospedale San Giovanni Battista di Torino e Universita’ degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Candida Vitale
- Laboratorio di Ematologia Oncologica, Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS), and Divisione Universitaria di Ematologia, Ospedale San Giovanni Battista di Torino e Universita’ degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Coscia
- Laboratorio di Ematologia Oncologica, Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS), and Divisione Universitaria di Ematologia, Ospedale San Giovanni Battista di Torino e Universita’ degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Massaia
- Divisione Universitaria di Ematologia, Via Genova 3, 10126 Turin, Italy
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47
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Chen ZW. Immune biology of Ag-specific γδ T cells in infections. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:2409-17. [PMID: 21667064 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that human γδ T cells act as non-classical T cells and contribute to both innate and adaptive immune responses in infections. Vγ2 Vδ2 T (also termed Vγ9 Vδ2 T) cells exist only in primates, and in humans represent a dominant circulating γδ T-cell subset. Primate Vγ2 Vδ2 T cells are the only γδ T cell subset capable of recognizing microbial phosphoantigen. Since nonhuman primate Vγ2 Vδ2 T cells resemble their human counterparts, in-depth studies have been undertaken in macaques to understand the biology and function of human Vγ2 Vδ2 T cells. This article reviews the recent progress for immune biology of Vγ2 Vδ2 T cells in infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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48
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Chiplunkar S, Dhar S, Wesch D, Kabelitz D. gammadelta T cells in cancer immunotherapy: current status and future prospects. Immunotherapy 2011; 1:663-78. [PMID: 20635991 DOI: 10.2217/imt.09.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
gammadelta T lymphocytes are a distinct T-cell subset that display unique features with respect to T-cell receptor (TCR) gene usage, tissue tropism and antigen recognition. Phosphoantigens contributed by a dysregulated mevalonate pathway or the bacterial nonmevalonate pathway and aminobisphosphonates are capable of activating Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells. With the aid of synthetic phosphoantigens, large-scale expansion of gammadelta T cells and their adoptive transfer into human hosts is now possible. The present review summarizes triumphs and tribulations of clinical trials using gammadelta T-cell immunotherapy. Adoptive transfer of phosphoantigen-activated gammadelta T cells or coadministration with aminobisphosphonates/cytokines/monoclonal antibodies appear to be promising approaches for cancer immunotherapy. It can be predicted that a comprehensive understanding of the molecular interactions of this unique T-cell subset with other key immune regulators (dendritic cells and regulatory T cells) will provide an impetus to bring this modality of treatment from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhada Chiplunkar
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India.
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49
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Liu W, Huber SA. Cross-talk between cd1d-restricted nkt cells and γδ cells in t regulatory cell response. Virol J 2011; 8:32. [PMID: 21255407 PMCID: PMC3033358 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD1d is a non-classical major histocompatibility class 1-like molecule which primarily presents either microbial or endogenous glycolipid antigens to T cells involved in innate immunity. Natural killer T (NKT) cells and a subpopulation of γδ T cells expressing the Vγ4 T cell receptor (TCR) recognize CD1d. NKT and Vγ4 T cells function in the innate immune response via rapid activation subsequent to infection and secrete large quantities of cytokines that both help control infection and modulate the developing adaptive immune response. T regulatory cells represent one cell population impacted by both NKT and Vγ4 T cells. This review discusses the evidence that NKT cells promote T regulatory cell activation both through direct interaction of NKT cell and dendritic cells and through NKT cell secretion of large amounts of TGFβ, IL-10 and IL-2. Recent studies have shown that CD1d-restricted Vγ4 T cells, in contrast to NKT cells, selectively kill T regulatory cells through a caspase-dependent mechanism. Vγ4 T cell elimination of the T regulatory cell population allows activation of autoimmune CD8+ effector cells leading to severe cardiac injury in a coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) myocarditis model in mice. CD1d-restricted immunity can therefore lead to either immunosuppression or autoimmunity depending upon the type of innate effector dominating during the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
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50
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Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) induces myocarditis, an inflammation of the myocardium, in C57Bl/6 male mice but not in mice lacking γδ+ T cells [γδ knockout (γδKO)]. Suppression of myocarditis in γδKO mice corresponds to an increase in CD4(+) CD25(+) FoxP3(+) T regulatory cells. A subpopulation of the T regulatory cells in infected γδKO mice expressed high levels of CD1d, a non-classical major histocompatibility complex class 1-like molecule. Adoptive transfer of CD1d(+) and CD1d(-) CD4(+) CD25(+) cells into infected C57Bl/6 recipients showed that the CD1d(+) subpopulation is substantially more suppressive than the CD1d(-) subpopulation. T cells expressing the γδ T-cell receptor comprised approximately 30-50% of the infiltrating lymphoid cells in the hearts of myocarditic C57Bl/6 mice and approximately half of the γδ+ cells expressed the Vγ4 T-cell receptor. The Vγ4+ cells lysed T regulatory cells from γδKO mice but not from wild-type (C57Bl/6) animals. Lysis was inhibited by antibody to CD1d and zVAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor. The Vγ4-γδ+ cells were not lytic to T regulatory cells and did not promote myocarditis. These results demonstrate that Vγ4+ cells selectively abrogate T regulatory cells through recognition of CD1d expressed on the regulatory cells and caspase-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Huber
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA.
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