1
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Elmi M, Dass JH, Dass CR. The Various Roles of PEDF in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:510. [PMID: 38339261 PMCID: PMC10854708 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a natural immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-tumour growth and anti-metastasis factor, which can enhance tumour response to PEDF but can also conversely have pro-cancerous effects. Inflammation is a major cause of cancer, and it has been proven that PEDF has anti-inflammatory properties. PEDF's functional activity can be investigated through measuring metastatic and metabolic biomarkers that will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Elmi
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (M.E.); (J.H.D.)
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Joshua H. Dass
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (M.E.); (J.H.D.)
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Crispin R. Dass
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (M.E.); (J.H.D.)
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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2
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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3
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Rasoulinejad SA, Kiyamehr P. The Determinative Role of Cytokines in Retinopathy of Prematurity. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:36-43. [PMID: 35078395 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220117114920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a neonatal disease corresponding to vision impairment and blindness. Utilizing the pathogenesis of ROP and the risk factors affecting its progression can help prevent and reduce its incidence and lead to the emergence and development of new treatment strategies. Factors influencing retinopathy include growth and inflammatory factors that play an essential role in the pathogenesis of the ROP. This review summarizes the most critical factors in the pathogenesis of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ahmad Rasoulinejad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Pegah Kiyamehr
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Hu Q, Zhang X, Sun M, jiang B, Zhang Z, Sun D. Potential epigenetic molecular regulatory networks in ocular neovascularization. Front Genet 2022; 13:970224. [PMID: 36118885 PMCID: PMC9478661 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.970224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascularization is one of the many manifestations of ocular diseases, including corneal injury and vascular diseases of the retina and choroid. Although anti-VEGF drugs have been used to effectively treat neovascularization, long-term use of anti-angiogenic factors can cause a variety of neurological and developmental side effects. As a result, better drugs to treat ocular neovascularization are urgently required. There is mounting evidence that epigenetic regulation is important in ocular neovascularization. DNA methylation and histone modification, non-coding RNA, and mRNA modification are all examples of epigenetic mechanisms. In order to shed new light on epigenetic therapeutics in ocular neovascularization, this review focuses on recent advances in the epigenetic control of ocular neovascularization as well as discusses these new mechanisms.
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5
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Li Q, Gu Y, Gao X, Guo X, Huang C, Liu P, Hu G, Li G, Fang W, Mai W, Wu C, Xu Z, Huang F, Liu P. Preparation of polyclonal antibody against phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1 recombinant protein and its functional verification in pulmonary hypertension syndrome in broilers. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Dunaway LS, Pollock JS. HDAC1: an environmental sensor regulating endothelial function. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:1885-1903. [PMID: 34264338 PMCID: PMC9239577 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a family of enzymes that catalyse lysine deacetylation of both histone and non-histone proteins. Here, we review, summarize, and provide perspectives on the literature regarding one such HDAC, HDAC1, in endothelial biology. In the endothelium, HDAC1 mediates the effects of external and environmental stimuli by regulating major endothelial functions such as angiogenesis, inflammatory signalling, redox homeostasis, and nitric oxide signalling. Angiogenesis is most often, but not exclusively, repressed by endothelial HDAC1. The regulation of inflammatory signalling is more complex as HDAC1 promotes or suppresses inflammatory signalling depending upon the environmental stimuli. HDAC1 is protective in models of atherosclerosis where loss of HDAC1 results in increased cytokine and cell adhesion molecule (CAM) abundance. In other models, HDAC1 promotes inflammation by increasing CAMs and repressing claudin-5 expression. Consistently, from many investigations, HDAC1 decreases antioxidant enzyme expression and nitric oxide production in the endothelium. HDAC1 decreases antioxidant enzyme expression through the deacetylation of histones and transcription factors, and also regulates nitric oxide production through regulating both the expression and activity of nitric oxide synthase 3. The HDAC1-dependent regulation of endothelial function through the deacetylation of both histone and non-histone proteins ultimately impacts whole animal physiology and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke S Dunaway
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Kaul Genetics Building Room 802A, 720 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jennifer S Pollock
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Kaul Genetics Building Room 802A, 720 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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7
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Bąska P, Norbury LJ. The Role of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) in the Immune Response against Parasites. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030310. [PMID: 35335634 PMCID: PMC8950322 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system consists of various cells, organs, and processes that interact in a sophisticated manner to defend against pathogens. Upon initial exposure to an invader, nonspecific mechanisms are raised through the activation of macrophages, monocytes, basophils, mast cells, eosinophils, innate lymphoid cells, or natural killer cells. During the course of an infection, more specific responses develop (adaptive immune responses) whose hallmarks include the expansion of B and T cells that specifically recognize foreign antigens. Cell to cell communication takes place through physical interactions as well as through the release of mediators (cytokines, chemokines) that modify cell activity and control and regulate the immune response. One regulator of cell states is the transcription factor Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) which mediates responses to various stimuli and is involved in a variety of processes (cell cycle, development, apoptosis, carcinogenesis, innate and adaptive immune responses). It consists of two protein classes with NF-κB1 (p105/50) and NF-κB2 (p100/52) belonging to class I, and RelA (p65), RelB and c-Rel belonging to class II. The active transcription factor consists of a dimer, usually comprised of both class I and class II proteins conjugated to Inhibitor of κB (IκB). Through various stimuli, IκB is phosphorylated and detached, allowing dimer migration to the nucleus and binding of DNA. NF-κB is crucial in regulating the immune response and maintaining a balance between suppression, effective response, and immunopathologies. Parasites are a diverse group of organisms comprised of three major groups: protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites. Each group induces distinct effector immune mechanisms and is susceptible to different types of immune responses (Th1, Th2, Th17). This review describes the role of NF-κB and its activity during parasite infections and its contribution to inducing protective responses or immunopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Bąska
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Luke J. Norbury
- Department of Biosciences and Food Technology, School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia;
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8
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Zhou J, Xie Z. Endostatin Inhibits Blood-Retinal Barrier Breakdown in Diabetic Rats by Increasing the Expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and Decreasing the Expression of VEGF. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5105866. [PMID: 37795476 PMCID: PMC10547573 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5105866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective Endostatin has become the strongest endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor due to suppressing VEGF expression. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of endostatin on the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in diabetic rats. Methods SD rats were induced to develop diabetes by streptozotocin, and endostatin was administrated by intravitreal injection. The body weight, the level of blood glucose, the expressions of C-reactive protein (CRP), adhesion molecules intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), junction proteins (occludin, claudin-5, and zonula occluden-1), and VEGF were measured in rats' retinas of diabetes. The BRB breakdown was evaluated using Evans blue. Results The level of CRP and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) was increased in retinas of diabetic rats, while endostatin significantly inhibited the upregulation of these. Diabetes increased the BRB permeability and retinal thickness. Diabetes also decreased the levels of occludin, claudin-5, and ZO-1 in retinals. These changes were inhibited by endostatin treatment. Upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and protein kinase C- (PKC-) β2 was also reversed by endostatin in retinas of diabetic rats. Conclusions Endostatin provides protection against diabetic retinopathy, which may involve its barrier-enhancing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yizheng Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Yangzhou 211400, China
| | - Zhenggao Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
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9
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Ko VH, Yu LJ, Secor JD, Pan A, Mitchell PD, Kishikawa H, Puder M. Deficiency in pigment epithelium-derived factor accelerates pulmonary growth and development in a compensatory lung growth model. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21850. [PMID: 34569654 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002661rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Children with hypoplastic lung disease associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) continue to suffer significant morbidity and mortality secondary to progressive pulmonary disease. Recently published work from our lab demonstrated the potential of Roxadustat (FG-4592), a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, as a treatment for CDH-associated pulmonary hypoplasia. Treatment with Roxadustat led to significantly accelerated compensatory lung growth (CLG) through downregulation of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), an anti-angiogenic factor, rather than upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). PEDF and its role in pulmonary development is a largely unexplored field. In this study, we sought to further evaluate the role of PEDF in accelerating CLG. PEDF-deficient mice demonstrated significantly increased lung volume, total lung capacity, and alveolarization compared to wild type controls following left pneumonectomy without increased VEGF expression. Furthermore, Roxadustat administration in PEDF-deficient mice did not further accelerate CLG. Human microvascular endothelial lung cells (HMVEC-L) and human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEC) similarly demonstrated decreased PEDF expression with Roxadustat administration. Additionally, downregulation of PEDF in Roxadustat-treated HMVEC-L and HPAEC, a previously unreported finding, speaks to the potential translatability of Roxadustat from small animal studies. Taken together, these findings further suggest that PEDF downregulation is the primary mechanism by which Roxadustat accelerates CLG. More importantly, these data highlight the critical role PEDF may have in pulmonary growth and development, a previously unexplored field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria H Ko
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lumeng J Yu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jordan D Secor
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy Pan
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul D Mitchell
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hiroko Kishikawa
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark Puder
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Role of CD8 + T lymphocyte cells: Interplay with stromal cells in tumor microenvironment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1365-1378. [PMID: 34221857 PMCID: PMC8245853 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T lymphocytes are pivotal cells in the host response to antitumor immunity. Tumor-driven microenvironments provide the conditions necessary for regulating infiltrating CD8+ T cells in favor of tumor survival, including weakening CD8+ T cell activation, driving tumor cells to impair immune attack, and recruiting other cells to reprogram the immune milieu. Also in tumor microenvironment, stromal cells exert immunosuppressive skills to avoid CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity. In this review, we explore the universal function and fate decision of infiltrated CD8+ T cells and highlight their antitumor response within various stromal architectures in the process of confronting neoantigen-specific tumor cells. Thus, this review provides a foundation for the development of antitumor therapy based on CD8+ T lymphocyte manipulation.
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11
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Fang Z, Wang X, Sun X, Hu W, Miao QR. The Role of Histone Protein Acetylation in Regulating Endothelial Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:672447. [PMID: 33996829 PMCID: PMC8113824 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.672447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC), consisting of the innermost cellular layer of all types of vessels, is not only a barrier composer but also performing multiple functions in physiological processes. It actively controls the vascular tone and the extravasation of water, solutes, and macromolecules; modulates circulating immune cells as well as platelet and leukocyte recruitment/adhesion and activation. In addition, EC also tightly keeps coagulation/fibrinolysis balance and plays a major role in angiogenesis. Therefore, endothelial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Growing pieces of evidence suggest that histone protein acetylation, an epigenetic mark, is altered in ECs under different conditions, and the acetylation status change at different lysine sites on histone protein plays a key role in endothelial dysfunction and involved in hyperglycemia, hypertension, inflammatory disease, cancer and so on. In this review, we highlight the importance of histone acetylation in regulating endothelial functions and discuss the roles of histone acetylation across the transcriptional unit of protein-coding genes in ECs under different disease-related pathophysiological processes. Since histone acetylation changes are conserved and reversible, the knowledge of histone acetylation in endothelial function regulation could provide insights to develop epigenetic interventions in preventing or treating endothelial dysfunction-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Fang
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Xiaoran Sun
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Wenquan Hu
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Qing R. Miao
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
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12
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Bissinger R, Petkova-Kirova P, Mykhailova O, Oldenborg PA, Novikova E, Donkor DA, Dietz T, Bhuyan AAM, Sheffield WP, Grau M, Artunc F, Kaestner L, Acker JP, Qadri SM. Thrombospondin-1/CD47 signaling modulates transmembrane cation conductance, survival, and deformability of human red blood cells. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:155. [PMID: 32948210 PMCID: PMC7502024 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a Ca2+-binding trimeric glycoprotein secreted by multiple cell types, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several clinical conditions. Signaling involving TSP-1, through its cognate receptor CD47, orchestrates a wide array of cellular functions including cytoskeletal organization, migration, cell-cell interaction, cell proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated the impact of TSP-1/CD47 signaling on Ca2+ dynamics, survival, and deformability of human red blood cells (RBCs). METHODS Whole-cell patch-clamp was employed to examine transmembrane cation conductance. RBC intracellular Ca2+ levels and multiple indices of RBC cell death were determined using cytofluorometry analysis. RBC morphology and microvesiculation were examined using imaging flow cytometry. RBC deformability was measured using laser-assisted optical rotational cell analyzer. RESULTS Exposure of RBCs to recombinant human TSP-1 significantly increased RBC intracellular Ca2+ levels. As judged by electrophysiology experiments, TSP-1 treatment elicited an amiloride-sensitive inward current alluding to a possible Ca2+ influx via non-selective cation channels. Exogenous TSP-1 promoted microparticle shedding as well as enhancing Ca2+- and nitric oxide-mediated RBC cell death. Monoclonal (mouse IgG1) antibody-mediated CD47 ligation using 1F7 recapitulated the cell death-inducing effects of TSP-1. Furthermore, TSP-1 treatment altered RBC cell shape and stiffness (maximum elongation index). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data unravel a new role for TSP-1/CD47 signaling in mediating Ca2+ influx into RBCs, a mechanism potentially contributing to their dysfunction in a variety of systemic diseases. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Olga Mykhailova
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Per-Arne Oldenborg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elena Novikova
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - David A Donkor
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Dietz
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | | | - William P Sheffield
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marijke Grau
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Ferruh Artunc
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Kaestner
- Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Jason P Acker
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada.
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13
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Apoptotic exosome-like vesicles regulate endothelial gene expression, inflammatory signaling, and function through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12562. [PMID: 32724121 PMCID: PMC7387353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent endothelial injury promotes maladaptive responses by favoring the release of factors leading to perturbation in vascular homeostasis and tissue architecture. Caspase-3 dependent death of microvascular endothelial cells leads to the release of unique apoptotic exosome-like vesicles (ApoExo). Here, we evaluate the impact of ApoExo on endothelial gene expression and function in the context of a pro-apoptotic stimulus. Endothelial cells exposed to ApoExo differentially express genes involved in cell death, inflammation, differentiation, and cell movement. Endothelial cells exposed to ApoExo showed inhibition of apoptosis, improved wound closure along with reduced angiogenic activity and reduced expression of endothelial markers consistent with the first phase of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (endoMT). ApoExo interaction with endothelial cells also led to NF-κB activation. NF-κB is known to participate in endothelial dysfunction in numerous diseases. Silencing NF-κB reversed the anti-apoptotic effect and the pro-migratory state and prevented angiostatic properties and CD31 downregulation in endothelial cells exposed to ApoExo. This study identifies vascular injury-derived extracellular vesicles (ApoExo) as novel drivers of NF-κB activation in endothelial cells and demonstrates the pivotal role of this signaling pathway in coordinating ApoExo-induced functional changes in endothelial cells. Hence, targeting ApoExo-mediated NF-κB activation in endothelial cells opens new avenues to prevent endothelial dysfunction.
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14
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Wan SS, Pan YM, Yang WJ, Rao ZQ, Yang YN. Inhibition of EZH2 alleviates angiogenesis in a model of corneal neovascularization by blocking FoxO3a-mediated oxidative stress. FASEB J 2020; 34:10168-10181. [PMID: 32562311 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902814rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a well-known methyltransferase, mediates histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and plays a vital role in ophthalmological disease. However, its role in corneal neovascularization (CoNV) remains unclear. In vitro and in vivo models were assessed in hypoxia-stimulated angiogenesis and in a mouse model of alkali burn-induced CoNV. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured under hypoxic conditions and different reoxygenation times to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in this process. In this study, we found that EZH2 was positively related to corneal alkali burn-induced injury. Inhibition of EZH2 with 3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNeP) alleviated corneal injury, including oxidative stress and neovascularization in vivo. Similarly, inhibition of EZH2 with either DZNeP or small interfering RNA (siRNA) exerted an inhibitory effect on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced oxidative stress and angiogenesis in HUVECs. Moreover, our study revealed that ablation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with N-acetyl-cysteine suppressed angiogenesis in HUVECs exposed to H/R stimulation. Furthermore, Forkhead-box protein O3a (FoxO3a), which was positively associated with ROS production and angiogenesis, was elevated during H/R. This effect could be reversed through the suppression of the transcription activity of EZH2 with DZNeP or siRNA. In addition, the PI3K/Akt pathway, which is the upstream of FoxO3a, was activated in both DZNeP-treated mice and EZH2-inhibited HUVECs. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the inhibition of EZH2 alleviated corneal angiogenesis by inhibiting FoxO3a-dependent ROS production through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These findings indicate that EZH2 may be a valuable therapeutic target for CoNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Miao Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan-Ju Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuo-Qun Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Ning Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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15
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Chade AR, Williams ML, Engel JE, Williams E, Bidwell GL. Molecular targeting of renal inflammation using drug delivery technology to inhibit NF-κB improves renal recovery in chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F139-F148. [PMID: 32538151 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00155.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a major determinant for the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). NF-κB is a master transcription factor upregulated in CKD that promotes inflammation and regulates apoptosis and vascular remodeling. We aimed to modulate this pathway for CKD therapy in a swine model of CKD using a peptide inhibitor of the NF-κB p50 subunit (p50i) fused to a protein carrier [elastin-like polypeptide (ELP)] and equipped with a cell-penetrating peptide (SynB1). We hypothesized that intrarenal SynB1-ELP-p50i therapy would inhibit NF-κB-driven inflammation and induce renal recovery. CKD was induced in 14 pigs. After 6 wk, pigs received single intrarenal SynB1-ELP-p50i therapy (10 mg/kg) or placebo (n = 7 each). Renal hemodynamics were quantified in vivo using multidetector computed tomography before and 8 wk after treatment. Pigs were then euthanized. Ex vivo experiments were performed to quantify renal activation of NF-κB, expression of downstream mediators of NF-κB signaling, renal microvascular density, inflammation, and fibrosis. Fourteen weeks of CKD stimulated NF-κB signaling and downstream mediators (e.g., TNF-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and IL-6) accompanying loss of renal function, inflammation, fibrosis, and microvascular rarefaction versus controls. All of these were improved after SynB1-ELP-p50i therapy, accompanied by reduced circulating inflammatory cytokines as well, which were evident up to 8 wk after treatment. Current treatments for CKD are largely ineffective. Our study shows the feasibility of a new treatment to induce renal recovery by offsetting inflammation at a molecular level. It also supports the therapeutic potential of targeted inhibition of the NF-κB pathway using novel drug delivery technology in a translational model of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R Chade
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Maxx L Williams
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jason E Engel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Erika Williams
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Gene L Bidwell
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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16
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Nijhawan P, Behl T. The Role of Endostatin in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2020; 17:68-75. [PMID: 32348230 DOI: 10.2174/1573397115666191127141801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endostatin by its therapeutic value against rheumatoid arthritis has recently gained significant interest in biomedical science. A recent study revealed that various approaches have been made to prevent rheumatoid arthritis by either controlling or inhibiting the progression of angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE The main objective of the current manuscript is to enumerate the intrinsic role of endostatin in rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS A thorough and detailed review of literature from the papers published from the year 1997-2019 was studied for the preparation of the current article. RESULTS Endostatin is one such agent of the subfamily of ECM called as multiplexins obtained from proteolytic cleavage of XVIII and its carboxylic terminal fragments and is known for its antiangiogenic and antiproliferative property. The exact mechanism of endostatin is still unclear, but it acts by downregulating or inhibiting the responses of various factors, including Id1, Id3, matrix metalloproteinase, and Nuclear factor Kappa B that are liable for angiogenesis. The mutual effects on adipogenesis and angiogenesis, endostatin inhibits dietary-induced obesity and its related metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSION The present review demonstrates the intrinsic usage of endostatin as a novel molecule in rheumatoid arthritis. It focuses on the status of the therapeutic potential of endostatin in inhibiting the activity of angiogenesis is also very well explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Nijhawan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
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17
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G9a Suppression Alleviates Corneal Neovascularization through Blocking Nox4-Mediated Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6983268. [PMID: 32256958 PMCID: PMC7093909 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6983268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background G9a, a well-known methyltransferase, plays a vital role in biological processes. However, its role in corneal neovascularization (CoNV) remains unclear. Methods. In vitro and in vivo models were assessed in hypoxia-stimulated angiogenesis and in a mouse model of alkali burn-induced CoNV. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured under hypoxic conditions and different reoxygenation times to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in this process. Results In this study, we found that G9a was positively related to corneal alkali burn-induced injury. Inhibition of G9a with BIX 01294 (BIX) alleviated corneal injury, including oxidative stress and neovascularization in vivo models were assessed in hypoxia-stimulated angiogenesis and in a mouse model of alkali burn-induced CoNV. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured under hypoxic conditions and different reoxygenation times to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in this process.
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18
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Understanding Failure and Improving Treatment Using HDAC Inhibitors for Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8020022. [PMID: 32019149 PMCID: PMC7168248 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel treatment regimens are required for castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPCs) that become unresponsive to standard treatments, such as docetaxel and enzalutamide. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors showed promising results in hematological malignancies, but they failed in solid tumors such as prostate cancer, despite the overexpression of HDACs in CRPC. Four HDAC inhibitors, vorinostat, pracinostat, panobinostat and romidepsin, underwent phase II clinical trials for prostate cancers; however, phase III trials were not recommended due to a majority of patients exhibiting either toxicity or disease progression. In this review, the pharmacodynamic reasons for the failure of HDAC inhibitors were assessed and placed in the context of the advancements in the understanding of CRPCs, HDACs and resistance mechanisms. The review focuses on three themes: evolution of androgen receptor-negative prostate cancers, development of resistance mechanisms and differential effects of HDACs. In conclusion, advancements can be made in this field by characterizing HDACs in prostate tumors more extensively, as this will allow more specific drugs catering to the specific HDAC subtypes to be designed.
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19
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Barakat A, Nakao S, Zandi S, Sun D, Schmidt-Ullrich R, Hayes KC, Hafezi-Moghadam A. In contrast to Western diet, a plant-based, high-fat, low-sugar diet does not exacerbate retinal endothelial injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. FASEB J 2019; 33:10327-10338. [PMID: 31264891 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900462r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Controversy remains about how diet affects the vascular endothelial dysfunction associated with disordered insulin-glucose homeostasis. It is postulated that the type and level of certain macronutrients contribute to endothelial dysfunction in vascular diabetes complications. However, it is not well understood how specific macronutrients affect the molecular inflammatory response under conditions of hyperglycemia. Here, we examined retinal microvascular endothelial injury in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats fed a laboratory Western diet (WD). WD, characterized by its high content of saturated fat, cholesterol, and sugar, significantly increased retinal leukocyte accumulation and endothelial injury in the STZ-diabetic rats. Suppression of endothelial NF-κB signaling in the STZ model reduced the WD-induced increase in leukocyte accumulation. To isolate the effect of dietary fat, we generated high-fat diets with varying fatty acid balance and type. These diets contained moderate amounts of carbohydrates but no sugar. We found that neither high levels of saturated or unsaturated fats per se increased retinal leukocyte accumulation and endothelial injury in the STZ-diabetic rat model but that the combination of high levels of dietary cholesterol with specific saturated fatty acids that are abundant in WD exacerbated leukocyte accumulation and endothelial injury in the retinas of STZ-diabetic rats.-Barakat, A., Nakao, S., Zandi, S., Sun, D., Schmidt-Ullrich, R., Hayes, K. C., Hafezi-Moghadam, A. In contrast to Western diet, a plant-based, high-fat, low-sugar diet does not exacerbate retinal endothelial injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaa Barakat
- Molecular Biomarkers Nano-Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shintaro Nakao
- Molecular Biomarkers Nano-Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Souska Zandi
- Molecular Biomarkers Nano-Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Swiss Eye Institute, Rotkreuz and Berner Augenklinik am Lindenhofspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dawei Sun
- Molecular Biomarkers Nano-Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruth Schmidt-Ullrich
- Department of Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - K C Hayes
- Department of Biology, Foster Biomedical Research Laboratory, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ali Hafezi-Moghadam
- Molecular Biomarkers Nano-Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Bedenbender K, Scheller N, Fischer S, Leiting S, Preissner KT, Schmeck BT, Vollmeister E. Inflammation-mediated deacetylation of the ribonuclease 1 promoter via histone deacetylase 2 in endothelial cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:9017-9029. [PMID: 31039328 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900451r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ribonuclease 1 (RNase1) is a circulating extracellular endonuclease that regulates the vascular homeostasis of extracellular RNA and acts as a vessel- and tissue-protective enzyme. Upon long-term inflammation, high amounts of proinflammatory cytokines affect endothelial cell (EC) function by down-regulation of RNase1. Here, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of RNase1 upon inflammation in HUVECs. TNF-α or IL-1β stimulation reduced the expression of RNase1 relative to the acetylation state of histone 3 at lysine 27 and histone 4 of the RNASE1 promoter. Inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1, 2, and 3 by the specific class I HDAC inhibitor MS275 abolished the TNF-α- or IL-1β-mediated effect on the mRNA and chromatin levels of RNase1. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation kinetics revealed that HDAC2 accumulates at the RNASE1 promoter upon TNF-α stimulation, indicating an essential role for HDAC2 in regulating RNase1 expression. Thus, proinflammatory stimulation induced recruitment of HDAC2 to attenuate histone acetylation at the RNASE1 promoter site. Consequently, treatment with HDAC inhibitors may provide a new therapeutic strategy to stabilize vascular homeostasis in the context of inflammation by preventing RNase1 down-regulation in ECs.-Bedenbender, K., Scheller, N., Fischer, S., Leiting, S., Preissner, K. T., Schmeck, B. T., Vollmeister, E. Inflammation-mediated deacetylation of the ribonuclease 1 promoter via histone deacetylase 2 in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Bedenbender
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicoletta Scheller
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Silke Leiting
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernd T Schmeck
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Vollmeister
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
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21
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Zhu H, Qu X, Zhang C, Yu Y. Interleukin-10 promotes proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibiting inflammation in rabbit abdominal aortic aneurysm. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:1260-1271. [PMID: 31933940 PMCID: PMC6947044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation and rupture of aneurysms is a reversible process involving the destruction and repair of smooth muscle cells, and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and inflammation play an important role. In our study, we investigated whether Interleukin-10 (IL-10) treatment delays and prevents the development of aneurysms, and the molecular mechanism whereby IL-10 could inhibit proliferation of VSMC by inhibiting inflammatory responses in abdominal aortic aneurysms. METHODS Models of rabbit abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) were established by elastin pressurization and perfusion, and recombinant IL-10 was used as a drug to intervene in treatment of the AAA model by rabbit ear vein injection. 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after establishing the AAA model, color Doppler ultrasound and H&E staining was used to observe the development of AAA. Western blotting and RT-qPCR were used to detect the gene expression of PCNA, OPN and α-SMA, Th1/Th2 cytokines were detected by RT-qPCR, Nf-kB and MCP-1 protein was analyzed by immunochemistry. Activation of Macrophage was analyzed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Compared with the model group without any intervention, after treatment with IL-10, a decreased cell number was recorded and number of layers of smooth muscle cells in rabbit abdominal aortic aneurysms were significantly reduced, as was elastin breakage and smooth muscle cell degradation. The gene expression of PCNA and OPN, the mRNA expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α, and the protein expression of NF-kB and MCP-1 were elevated (P < 0.05), but α-SMA, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-13 were decreased (P < 0.05) in abdominal aortic aneurysm. The M2/M1 macrophage ratio increased significantly. CONCLUSION With treatment by IL-10, the development of rabbit abdominal aortic aneurysm was delayed. The molecular mechanism may have been that IL-10 treatment inhibits inflammation in aneurysm tissue by promoting the activation of M2 macrophages and altering Th1/Th2 cytokine production.Tthe inhibited inflammatory response promoted the proliferation and phenotypic transformation of VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanlei Zhu
- Eastern Operation Room, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalYantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xueqin Qu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalYantai, Shandong, China
| | - Cuisheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalYantai, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalYantai, Shandong, China
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22
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Huang Y, Mei W, Chen J, Jiang T, Zhou Z, Yin G, Fan J. Gamma-secretase inhibitor suppressed Notch1 intracellular domain combination with p65 and resulted in the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway induced by IL-1β and TNF-α in nucleus pulposus cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1903-1915. [PMID: 30367520 PMCID: PMC6587483 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this experiment, the cross-talk betweenNotch and the NF-κB signaling pathway was examined to reveal the mechanism of slowing down the type II collagen (ColII) and aggrecan degeneration affected by inflammatory cytokines. The expression levels of ColII and aggrecan in the intervertebral disc were observed through immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin-eosin staining+alcian blue staining, respectively. The expression levels of ColII, aggrecan, Runx2, and NF-κB in the nuclei of human nucleus pulposus cells (hNPCs) in each group, as well as the phosphorylation and acetylation levels of p65, were examined through Western blot analysis. The 293T cells were transfected with a plasmid containing the overexpressed relative domain of Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD1), and immunoprecipitation (IP) was performed to observe the combination of NICD1 and p65. HNPCs were transfected with a lentiviral-contained overexpression lacking the ANK region of NICD1, and IP was performed to observe the combination of NICD1 and p65. The expression of ColII and aggrecan in the intervertebral disc culture increased when γ-secretase inhibitor N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-1-alanyl]-Sphenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) was added to the disc culture medium. Western blot revealed that DAPT inhibited p65 phosphorylation and acetylation, and the p65 and p50 levels in the nucleus decreased. NICD1 was found to be combined with p65 in contrast to the reverse consequences after ANK domain deletion in hNPCs. In nucleus pulposus cells, the combination of p65 and the ANK domain of NICD1 is a critical procedure for the degeneration related to the NF-κB signaling pathway activation induced by IL-1β and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Huang
- Department of OrthopaedicsInstitute of Sport Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCMNanjingChina
| | - Wei Mei
- Department of OrthopaedicsInstitute of Traumatology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCMNanjingChina
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of OrthopedicsWuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Role of Thrombospondin-1 and Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Pathways in Antiangiogenesis of Infantile Hemangioma. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 142:310e-321e. [PMID: 30148773 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000004684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propranolol is the first-line drug for treatment of infantile hemangioma. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Nuclear factor-κB is highly expressed in tumors, directly or indirectly promoting angiogenesis. Thrombospondin-1 is the most important antiangiogenesis protein in vivo. These proteins mediate signaling pathways, probably playing an important role in hemangioma treatment. This study explored the synergistic regulation of thrombospondin-1 and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways in the treatment of hemangioma with propranolol. METHODS The hemangioma-derived endothelial cells were sorted out from the specimens of proliferative hemangioma by flow cytometry. Furthermore, a BALB/c nude mouse hemangioma model was established. Viability and proliferation of hemangioma-derived endothelial cells and the role of thrombospondin-1 and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways were observed after propranolol administration in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The expression of thrombospondin-1 and its receptor CD36 in hemangioma-derived endothelial cells gradually increased with the increase in propranolol concentration, whereas the expression of nuclear factor-κBp65, phosphorylated inhibitor of κB alpha (p-IκBα), and phosphorylated inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB kinase beta (p-IκKβ) weakened gradually (p < 0.05). In vivo, the tumors shrank gradually after propranolol treatment, with an increase in thrombospondin-1 and CD36 and a decrease in nuclear factor-κBp65, p-IκBα, and p-IκKβ (p < 0.05). Glucocorticoid improved the antiangiogenesis mediated by thrombospondin-1/CD36 and inhibited the angiogenesis mediated by nuclear factor-κB/IκB (p < 0.05). Negative regulation occurred between the two signaling pathways. CONCLUSION The treatment of infantile hemangioma with propranolol is promising to promote thrombospondin-1-mediated antiangiogenesis and to block nuclear factor-κB-mediated angiogenesis.
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Li XF, Ling K, Yan XJ. Significance of expression of ID-1, ID-3, and NF-κB in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2018; 26:1307-1312. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v26.i21.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To detect the expression of inhibitor of differentiation/DNA binding (ID)-1, ID-3, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in colorectal adenocarcinoma and to analyze their clinical significance.
METHODS Eighty-eight colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues, 43 colorectal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia tissues, and 34 normal colonic mucosal tissues (>5 cm away from the edge of tumor) were collected. Expression of ID-1, ID-3, and NF-κB in these tissue samples was detected by immunochemistry.
RESULTS Expression of ID-1, ID-3, and NF-κB differed significantly between colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and control tissues. Expression of ID-1, ID-3, and NF-κB was correlated with proliferation index and lesion depth. Expression of ID-1 and ID-3 was correlated with tumor differentiation. Expression of NF-κB was correlated with metastasis. There was a positive correlation between ID-1 and ID-3 expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues.
CONCLUSION High expression of ID-1, ID-3 and NF-κB can promote the formation and progression of colorectal adenocarcinoma. ID-1 and ID-3 may have a synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, the Second People Hospital of Fuyang District, Hangzhou 311404, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kai Ling
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second People Hospital of Fuyang District, Hangzhou 311404, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second People Hospital of Fuyang District, Hangzhou 311404, Zhejiang Province, China
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25
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Liu J, Jin P, Lin X, Zhou Q, Wang F, Liu S, Xi S. Arsenite increases Cyclin D1 expression through coordinated regulation of the Ca 2+/NFAT2 and NF-κB pathways via ERK/MAPK in a human uroepithelial cell line. Metallomics 2018. [PMID: 29528074 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00305f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To understand the direct link between Cyclin D1, and nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFAT2) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB in arsenic-treated bladder cells, as well as the association between MAPK and NFAT signaling, we determined whether or not the Ca2+/NFAT pathway is activated in an arsenic-treated normal urothelial cell line and determined the roles of NFAT and NF-κB signals in the regulation of Cyclin D1 expression. The SV-40 immortalized human uroepithelial cell line, SV-HUC-1, was treated with NaAsO2 for 24 h (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 μM) and 10, 20, 30, and 40 weeks (0 and 0.5 μM). We found that arsenite increased the intracellular Ca2+ levels and induced NFAT2 nuclear translocation after treatment for 24 h. The level of NFAT2 mRNA and expression of total protein and nuclear protein were increased after long-term treatment with 0.5 μM arsenite for 30 and 40 weeks compared to the cells treated for 24 h. In addition, NF-κB p50 and p65 nuclear protein expression increased significantly in cells treated with 2-8 μM arsenite for 24 h, which was consistent with NFAT2 nuclear expression. Furthermore, an ERK inhibitor (U0126) significantly reduced the expression of NFAT2 nuclear protein, and an ERK and JNK inhibitor decreased the levels of p65 and p50 nuclear protein. Cyclin D1 is known as a proto-oncogene and the level of this protein was increased in SV-HUC-1 cells treated with arsenite for 24 h and long-term. An NFAT inhibitor (CsA) and NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC) all markedly reduced Cyclin D1 protein expression. Treatment with U0126 also significantly decreased Cyclin D1 protein expression while JNK and p38 inhibitors did not attenuate the arsenite-associated increase in Cyclin D1 protein expression. The results suggest that regulation of Cyclin D1 protein expression by arsenite in SV-HUC-1 cells is dependent on ERK/NFAT2 and ERK/NF-κB, but is not dependent on JNK or p38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, P. R. China.
| | - Peiyu Jin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoli Lin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, P. R. China.
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, P. R. China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, P. R. China.
| | - Shengnan Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, P. R. China.
| | - Shuhua Xi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, P. R. China.
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26
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Zhang XP, Li KR, Yu Q, Yao MD, Ge HM, Li XM, Jiang Q, Yao J, Cao C. Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-induced corneal neovascularization. FASEB J 2018; 32:3782-3791. [PMID: 29465315 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701074rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
VEGF-induced neovascularization plays a pivotal role in corneal neovascularization (CoNV). The current study investigated the potential effect of ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) on neovascularization. In HUVECs, pretreatment with GRh2 largely attenuated VEGF-induced cell proliferation, migration, and vessel-like tube formation in vitro. At the molecular level, GRh2 disrupted VEGF-induced VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-Grb-2-associated binder 1 (Gab1) association in HUVECs, causing inactivation of downstream AKT and ERK signaling. Gab1 knockdown (by targeted short hairpin RNA) similarly inhibited HUVEC proliferation and migration. Notably, GRh2 was ineffective against VEGF in Gab1-silenced HUVECs. In a mouse cornea alkali burn model, GRh2 eyedrops inhibited alkali-induced neovascularization and inflammatory cell infiltrations in the cornea. Furthermore, alkali-induced corneal expression of mRNAs/long noncoding RNAs in cornea were largely attenuated by GRh2. Overall, GRh2 inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenic effect via inhibiting VEGFR2-Gab1 signaling in vitro. It also alleviates angiogenic and inflammatory responses in alkali burn-treated mouse corneas.-Zhang, X.-P., Li, K.-R., Yu, Q., Yao, M.-D., Ge, H.-M., Li, X.-M., Jiang, Q., Yao, J., Cao, C. Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-induced corneal neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Pei Zhang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke-Ran Li
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Yu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mu-Di Yao
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Min Ge
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiu-Miao Li
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Yao
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong Cao
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and.,North District, The Municipal Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
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27
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Cox MC, Kuliasha AS, Li L, Verbridge SS. 3D Microtissue Models to Analyze the Effects of Ultralow Dose LPS on Vascular Sprouting Dynamics in the Tumor Microenvironment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:357-367. [PMID: 33418730 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a major role in innate immune responses and has been shown to impact vascular dynamics when present at high concentrations. However, the impact of ultralow levels of LPS (<100 pg/mL), present in the body during states of chronic inflammation, on vascular dynamics is unclear. In this study, we have integrated a 3D collagen hydrogel tissue mimic with advanced imaging and cell characterization assays to assess the potential impact of chronic inflammation on vascular dynamics, and uncover any alterations in the vascular response to low vs high dose LPS in the context of tumor progression. Accounting for both frequency of sprouting and invasiveness of the sprouts, the treatments of ultralow dose LPS with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic promoter and present in excess in the tumor microenvironment, produced enhanced vascular development of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) in our in vitro model. There was no evidence of altered proliferation or apoptosis among the various VEGF treatment groups, indicating an enhanced migratory endothelial cell phenotype results from exposure to ultralow dose LPS with VEGF. The lack of enhanced vascular development upon treatments of high doses of LPS in the presence of VEGF could be partially attributed to an LPS dose-dependent increase in the activation of NF-κB. This study provides insight into the dynamic regulation of vascular development by varying levels of LPS and the potential role of chronic inflammation to prime a pro-angiogenic microenvironment and contribute to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Cox
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, ‡Department of Biological Systems Engineering, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Andrea S Kuliasha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, and Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Scott S Verbridge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, and Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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28
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Hernandez-Muñoz I, Figuerola E, Sanchez-Molina S, Rodriguez E, Fernández-Mariño AI, Pardo-Pastor C, Bahamonde MI, Fernández-Fernández JM, García-Domínguez DJ, Hontecillas-Prieto L, Lavarino C, Carcaboso AM, de Torres C, Tirado OM, de Alava E, Mora J. RING1B contributes to Ewing sarcoma development by repressing the NaV1.6 sodium channel and the NF-κB pathway, independently of the fusion oncoprotein. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46283-46300. [PMID: 27317769 PMCID: PMC5216798 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive tumor defined by EWSR1 gene fusions that behave as an oncogene. Here we demonstrate that RING1B is highly expressed in primary ES tumors, and its expression is independent of the fusion oncogene. RING1B-depleted ES cells display an expression profile enriched in genes functionally involved in hematological development but RING1B depletion does not induce cellular differentiation. In ES cells, RING1B directly binds the SCN8A sodium channel promoter and its depletion results in enhanced Nav1.6 expression and function. The signaling pathway most significantly modulated by RING1B is NF-κB. RING1B depletion results in enhanced p105/p50 expression, which sensitizes ES cells to apoptosis by FGFR/SHP2/STAT3 blockade. Reduced NaV1.6 function protects ES cells from apoptotic cell death by maintaining low NF-κB levels. Our findings identify RING1B as a trait of the cell-of-origin and provide a potential targetable vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabeth Figuerola
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Sanchez-Molina
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Rodriguez
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Fernández-Mariño
- Laboratori de Fisiologia Molecular, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003-Barcelona, Spain.,Present Affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison-53705, USA
| | - Carlos Pardo-Pastor
- Laboratori de Fisiologia Molecular, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003-Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Isabel Bahamonde
- Laboratori de Fisiologia Molecular, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003-Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Fernández-Fernández
- Laboratori de Fisiologia Molecular, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel J García-Domínguez
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013-Seville, Spain
| | - Lourdes Hontecillas-Prieto
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013-Seville, Spain
| | - Cinzia Lavarino
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen de Torres
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar M Tirado
- Sarcoma Research Group, Laboratori d'Oncología Molecular, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique de Alava
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013-Seville, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950-Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Falero-Perez J, Park S, Sorenson CM, Sheibani N. PEDF expression affects retinal endothelial cell proangiogenic properties through alterations in cell adhesive mechanisms. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C405-C420. [PMID: 28747334 PMCID: PMC5668572 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00004.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis. Although various ocular cell types including retinal endothelial cells (EC) produce PEDF, we know very little about cell autonomous effects of PEDF in these cell types. Here we determined how PEDF expression affects retinal EC proangiogenic properties. Retinal EC were prepared from wild-type (PEDF+/+) and PEDF-deficient (PEDF-/-) mice. The identity of EC was confirmed by staining for specific markers including vascular endothelial cadherin, CD31, and B4-lectin. Retinal EC also expressed VEGF receptor 1 and endoglin, as well as ICAM-1, ICAM-2, and VCAM-1. PEDF-/- retinal EC were more proliferative, less apoptotic when challenged with H2O2, less migratory, and less adherent compared with PEDF+/+ EC. These changes could be associated, at least in part, with increased levels of tenascin-C, fibronectin, thrombospondin-1 and collagen IV, and lower amounts of osteopontin. PEDF-/- EC also exhibited alterations in expression of a number of integrins including α2, αv, β1, β8, and αvβ3, and cell-cell adhesion molecules including CD31, zonula occluden-1, and occludin. These observations correlated with attenuation of capillary morphogenesis and increased levels of oxidative stress in PEDF-/- EC. PEDF-/- EC also produced lower levels of VEGF compared with PEDF+/+ cells. Thus, PEDF deficiency has a significant impact on retinal EC adhesion and migration, perhaps through altered production of extracellular matrix and junctional proteins in response to increased oxidative stress affecting their proangiogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Falero-Perez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - SunYoung Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Christine M Sorenson
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin;
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; and
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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30
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Kim TE, Hong S, Song K, Park SH, Shin YK. Sensitization of glycoengineered interferon-β1a-resistant cancer cells by cFLIP inhibition for enhanced anti-cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13957-13970. [PMID: 28086218 PMCID: PMC5355153 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the molecular mechanism underlying the resistance of cancer cells to R27T, a glycoengineered version of recombinant human interferon (IFN)-β1a, and sought to overcome R27T resistance through combination therapy. R27T has been shown to induce anti-proliferation and apoptosis in human OVCAR-3 and MCF-7 cells, but not in HeLa cells. R27T treatment increased caspase-8 activity and the consequent cleavage of caspase-8 and -3 in R27T-sensitive OVCAR-3 cells, but not in R27T-resistant HeLa cells. Conversely, R27T increased the expression of cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (cFLIP) in HeLa cells, but not in OVCAR-3 cells. The sensitization of HeLa cells with cFLIP small interfering RNA or 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB, an inhibitor of casein kinase-2) facilitated R27T-induced caspase activation, and consequently apoptosis. In OVCAR-3-xenografted mice, intraperitoneal administration of R27T showed 2.1-fold higher anti-tumor efficacy than did the control vehicle. The combined administration of R27T and TBB showed the greatest anti-tumor effect in HeLa tumor-bearing mice, reducing the relative tumor volume by 35.7% compared to that in R27T-treated mice. Taken together, our results suggest that R27T has potential as an anti-cancer drug, and combination therapy with cFLIP inhibitors may be an effective strategy for overcoming R27T resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Eun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyoul Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Song
- Abion Inc., R&D Center, Seoul 08394, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Park
- Abion Inc., R&D Center, Seoul 08394, Republic of Korea.,GE Healthcare Korea, R&D Center, Incheon 21988, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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31
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Kim J, Mirando AC, Popel AS, Green JJ. Gene delivery nanoparticles to modulate angiogenesis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 119:20-43. [PMID: 27913120 PMCID: PMC5449271 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is naturally balanced by many pro- and anti-angiogenic factors while an imbalance of these factors leads to aberrant angiogenesis, which is closely associated with many diseases. Gene therapy has become a promising strategy for the treatment of such a disordered state through the introduction of exogenous nucleic acids that express or silence the target agents, thereby engineering neovascularization in both directions. Numerous non-viral gene delivery nanoparticles have been investigated towards this goal, but their clinical translation has been hampered by issues associated with safety, delivery efficiency, and therapeutic effect. This review summarizes key factors targeted for therapeutic angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis gene therapy, non-viral nanoparticle-mediated approaches to gene delivery, and recent gene therapy applications in pre-clinical and clinical trials for ischemia, tissue regeneration, cancer, and wet age-related macular degeneration. Enhanced nanoparticle design strategies are also proposed to further improve the efficacy of gene delivery nanoparticles to modulate angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center and Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Adam C Mirando
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Oncology and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Aleksander S Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Oncology and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center and Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Oncology and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurosurgery, and Materials Science & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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32
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Gu Y, Ampofo E, Menger MD, Laschke MW. miR‐191 suppresses angiogenesis by activation of NF‐kB signaling. FASEB J 2017; 31:3321-3333. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601263r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gu
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental SurgerySaarland University Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Emmanuel Ampofo
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental SurgerySaarland University Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Michael D. Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental SurgerySaarland University Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Matthias W. Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental SurgerySaarland University Homburg/Saar Germany
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33
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From Inflammation to Current and Alternative Therapies Involved in Wound Healing. Int J Inflam 2017; 2017:3406215. [PMID: 28811953 PMCID: PMC5547704 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3406215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex event that develops in three overlapping phases: inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling. These phases are distinct in function and histological characteristics. However, they depend on the interaction of cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, and chemical mediators from cells to perform regulatory events. In this article, we will review the pathway in the skin healing cascade, relating the major chemical inflammatory mediators, cellular and molecular, as well as demonstrating the local and systemic factors that interfere in healing and disorders associated with tissue repair deficiency. Finally, we will discuss the current therapeutic interventions in the wounds treatment, and the alternative therapies used as promising results in the development of new products with healing potential.
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34
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Bauer AJ, Martin KA. Coordinating Regulation of Gene Expression in Cardiovascular Disease: Interactions between Chromatin Modifiers and Transcription Factors. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:19. [PMID: 28428957 PMCID: PMC5382160 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death with increasing economic burden. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases is complex, but can arise from genetic and/or environmental risk factors. This can lead to dysregulated gene expression in numerous cell types including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and inflammatory cells. While initial studies addressed transcriptional control of gene expression, epigenetics has been increasingly appreciated to also play an important role in this process through alterations in chromatin structure and gene accessibility. Chromatin-modifying proteins including enzymes that modulate DNA methylation, histone methylation, and histone acetylation can influence gene expression in numerous ways. These chromatin modifiers and their marks can promote or prevent transcription factor recruitment to regulatory regions of genes through modifications to DNA, histones, or the transcription factors themselves. This review will focus on the emerging question of how epigenetic modifiers and transcription factors interact to coordinately regulate gene expression in cardiovascular disease. While most studies have addressed the roles of either epigenetic or transcriptional control, our understanding of the integration of these processes is only just beginning. Interrogating these interactions is challenging, and improved technical approaches will be needed to fully dissect the temporal and spatial relationships between transcription factors, chromatin modifiers, and gene expression in cardiovascular disease. We summarize the current state of the field and provide perspectives on limitations and future directions. Through studies of epigenetic and transcriptional interactions, we can advance our understanding of the basic mechanisms of cardiovascular disease pathogenesis to develop novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Bauer
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kathleen A Martin
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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35
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Zhou D, Zhang M, Xu P, Yu Y, Ye G, Zhang L, Wu A. Expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor is associated with a good prognosis and is correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes in infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:116-124. [PMID: 26870178 PMCID: PMC4727170 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a pivotal event in the progression of cancer towards metastasis. Given that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) inhibits angiogenesis, the present study analyzed whether PEDF expression is associated with EMT and prognosis in invasive ductal breast cancer (IDC). Immunohistochemical analysis was used to examine the expression levels of PEDF, E-cadherin, vimentin, Snail and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in 119 cases of IDC. Correlations between PEDF expression and EMT-related genes, and clinicopathological features and clinical prognosis were analyzed. E-cadherin, vimentin, Snail and NF-κB expression was correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological stage. PEDF expression was closely associated with tumor size. Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between PEDF and E-cadherin, vimentin, Snail and NF-κB expression (P<0.05). Additionally, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that the five-year survival rate was higher for patients with PEDF- and E-cadherin-positive tumors, but was lower for those with vimentin-, Snail- and NF-κB-positive tumors. Vimentin, E-cadherin and NF-κB levels were dependent prognostic factors of favorable outcomes in IDC, as determined by Cox multivariate analysis. PEDF expression in breast cancer was significantly associated with EMT-related genes, suggesting that it may be an EMT suppressor. However, its potential as a prognostic indicator in breast cancer warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China; Department of Breast Surgery, Foshan Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528100, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Pengcheng Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Guolin Ye
- Department of Breast Surgery, Foshan Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528100, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
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36
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Townley-Tilson WHD, Pi X, Xie L. The Role of Oxygen Sensors, Hydroxylases, and HIF in Cardiac Function and Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:676893. [PMID: 26491535 PMCID: PMC4600863 DOI: 10.1155/2015/676893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Oxygen-sensing proteins are critical components of the physiological response to hypoxia and reperfusion injury, but the role of oxygen and oxygen-mediated effects is complex in that they can be cardioprotective or deleterious to the cardiac tissue. Over 200 oxygen-sensing proteins mediate the effects of oxygen tension and use oxygen as a substrate for posttranslational modification of other proteins. Hydroxylases are an essential component of these oxygen-sensing proteins. While a major role of hydroxylases is regulating the transcription factor HIF, we investigate the increasing scope of hydroxylase substrates. This review discusses the importance of oxygen-mediated effects in the heart as well as how the field of oxygen-sensing proteins is expanding, providing a more complete picture into how these enzymes play a multifaceted role in cardiac function and disease. We also review how oxygen-sensing proteins and hydroxylase function could prove to be invaluable in drug design and therapeutic targets for heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. H. Davin Townley-Tilson
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xinchun Pi
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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37
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Panieri E, Santoro MM. ROS signaling and redox biology in endothelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3281-303. [PMID: 25972278 PMCID: PMC11113497 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of redox mechanisms, sources and antioxidants that control signaling events in ECs. In particular, we describe which molecules are involved in redox signaling and how they influence the relationship between ECs and other vascular component with regard to angiogenesis. Recent and new tools to investigate physiological ROS signaling will be also discussed. Such findings are providing an overview of the ROS biology relevant for endothelial cells in the context of normal and pathological angiogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo M. Santoro
- Laboratory of Endothelial Molecular Biology, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Endothelial Molecular Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Zhu Z, Zhao Y, Li J, Tao L, Shi P, Wei Z, Sheng X, Shen D, Liu Z, Zhou L, Tian C, Fan F, Shen C, Zhu P, Wang A, Chen W, Zhao Q, Lu Y. Cryptotanshinone, a novel tumor angiogenesis inhibitor, destabilizes tumor necrosis factor‐α mRNA via decreasing nuclear–cytoplasmic translocation of RNA‐binding protein HuR. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1399-410. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Zhu
- School of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
| | - Junbo Li
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing UniversityNanjing210061China
| | - Li Tao
- School of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
| | - Peiliang Shi
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing UniversityNanjing210061China
| | - Zhonghong Wei
- School of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
| | - Xiaobo Sheng
- School of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
| | - Dandan Shen
- School of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
| | - Zhaoguo Liu
- School of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
| | - Liang Zhou
- School of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
| | - Chao Tian
- School of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
| | - Fangtian Fan
- School of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
| | - Cunsi Shen
- School of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
| | - Pingting Zhu
- School of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- School of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of TumorNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- School of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of TumorNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
| | - Qingshun Zhao
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing UniversityNanjing210061China
| | - Yin Lu
- School of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of TumorNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
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39
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Behl T, Kotwani A. Possible role of endostatin in the antiangiogenic therapy of diabetic retinopathy. Life Sci 2015; 135:131-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Wietecha MS, Król MJ, Michalczyk ER, Chen L, Gettins PG, DiPietro LA. Pigment epithelium-derived factor as a multifunctional regulator of wound healing. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H812-26. [PMID: 26163443 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00153.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
During dermal wound repair, hypoxia-driven proliferation results in dense but highly permeable, disorganized microvascular networks, similar to those in solid tumors. Concurrently, activated dermal fibroblasts generate an angiopermissive, provisional extracellular matrix (ECM). Unlike cancers, wounds naturally resolve via blood vessel regression and ECM maturation, which are essential for reestablishing tissue homeostasis. Mechanisms guiding wound resolution are poorly understood; one candidate regulator is pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a secreted glycoprotein. PEDF is a potent antiangiogenic in models of pathological angiogenesis and a promising cancer and cardiovascular disease therapeutic, but little is known about its physiological function. To examine the roles of PEDF in physiological wound repair, we used a reproducible model of excisional skin wound healing in BALB/c mice. We show that PEDF is abundant in unwounded and healing skin, is produced primarily by dermal fibroblasts, binds to resident microvascular endothelial cells, and accumulates in dermal ECM and epidermis. PEDF transcript and protein levels were low during the inflammatory and proliferative phases of healing but increased in quantity and colocalization with microvasculature during wound resolution. Local antibody inhibition of endogenous PEDF delayed vessel regression and collagen maturation during the remodeling phase. Treatment of wounds with intradermal injections of exogenous, recombinant PEDF inhibited nascent angiogenesis by repressing endothelial proliferation, promoted vascular integrity and function, and increased collagen maturity. These results demonstrate that PEDF contributes to the resolution of healing wounds by causing regression of immature blood vessels and stimulating maturation of the vascular microenvironment, thus promoting a return to tissue homeostasis after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz S Wietecha
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Mateusz J Król
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Elizabeth R Michalczyk
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Lin Chen
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Peter G Gettins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Luisa A DiPietro
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
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PEDF and its roles in physiological and pathological conditions: implication in diabetic and hypoxia-induced angiogenic diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 128:805-23. [PMID: 25881671 PMCID: PMC4557399 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a broadly expressed multifunctional member of the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) family. This widely studied protein plays critical roles in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, including neuroprotection, angiogenesis, fibrogenesis and inflammation. The present review summarizes the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of PEDF in a variety of developing and adult organs, and discusses its functions in maintaining physiological homoeostasis. The major focus of the present review is to discuss the implication of PEDF in diabetic and hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, and the pathways mediating PEDF's effects under these conditions. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanisms of PEDF expression, function and degradation are also reviewed. Finally, the therapeutic potential of PEDF as an anti-angiogenic drug is briefly summarized.
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Glass K, Quackenbush J, Spentzos D, Haibe-Kains B, Yuan GC. A network model for angiogenesis in ovarian cancer. BMC Bioinformatics 2015; 16:115. [PMID: 25888305 PMCID: PMC4408593 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-015-0551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We recently identified two robust ovarian cancer subtypes, defined by the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, with significant differences in clinical outcome. To identify potential regulatory mechanisms that distinguish the subtypes we applied PANDA, a method that uses an integrative approach to model information flow in gene regulatory networks. Results We find distinct differences between networks that are active in the angiogenic and non-angiogenic subtypes, largely defined by a set of key transcription factors that, although previously reported to play a role in angiogenesis, are not strongly differentially-expressed between the subtypes. Our network analysis indicates that these factors are involved in the activation (or repression) of different genes in the two subtypes, resulting in differential expression of their network targets. Mechanisms mediating differences between subtypes include a previously unrecognized pro-angiogenic role for increased genome-wide DNA methylation and complex patterns of combinatorial regulation. Conclusions The models we develop require a shift in our interpretation of the driving factors in biological networks away from the genes themselves and toward their interactions. The observed regulatory changes between subtypes suggest therapeutic interventions that may help in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-015-0551-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Glass
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - John Quackenbush
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Dimitrios Spentzos
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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43
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Attenuation of choroidal neovascularization by histone deacetylase inhibitor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120587. [PMID: 25807249 PMCID: PMC4373846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a blinding complication of age-related macular degeneration that manifests as the growth of immature choroidal blood vessels through Bruch’s membrane, where they can leak fluid or hemorrhage under the retina. Here, we demonstrate that the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) trichostatin A (TSA) can down-regulate the pro-angiogenic hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and up-regulate the anti-angiogenic and neuro-protective pigment epithelium derived factor in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Most strikingly, TSA markedly down-regulates the expression of VEGF receptor-2 in human vascular endothelial cells and, thus, can knock down pro-angiogenic cell signaling. Additionally, TSA suppresses CNV-associated wound healing response and RPE epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation. In the laser-induced model of CNV using C57Bl/6 mice, systemic administration of TSA significantly reduces fluorescein leakage and the size of CNV lesions at post—laser days 7 and 14 as well as the immunohistochemical expression of VEGF, VEGFR2, and smooth muscle actin in CNV lesions at post-laser day 7. This report suggests that TSA, and possibly HDACi’s in general, should be further evaluated for their therapeutic potential for the treatment of CNV.
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Zandi S, Nakao S, Chun KH, Fiorina P, Sun D, Arita R, Zhao M, Kim E, Schueller O, Campbell S, Taher M, Melhorn MI, Schering A, Gatti F, Tezza S, Xie F, Vergani A, Yoshida S, Ishikawa K, Yamaguchi M, Sasaki F, Schmidt-Ullrich R, Hata Y, Enaida H, Yuzawa M, Yokomizo T, Kim YB, Sweetnam P, Ishibashi T, Hafezi-Moghadam A. ROCK-isoform-specific polarization of macrophages associated with age-related macular degeneration. Cell Rep 2015; 10:1173-86. [PMID: 25704819 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Age is a major risk factor in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but the underlying cause is unknown. We find increased Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) signaling and M2 characteristics in eyes of aged mice, revealing immune changes in aging. ROCK isoforms determine macrophage polarization into M1 and M2 subtypes. M2-like macrophages accumulated in AMD, but not in normal eyes, suggesting that these macrophages may be linked to macular degeneration. M2 macrophages injected into the mouse eye exacerbated choroidal neovascular lesions, while M1 macrophages ameliorated them, supporting a causal role for macrophage subtypes in AMD. Selective ROCK2 inhibition with a small molecule decreased M2-like macrophages and choroidal neovascularization. ROCK2 inhibition upregulated M1 markers without affecting macrophage recruitment, underlining the plasticity of these macrophages. These results reveal age-induced innate immune imbalance as underlying AMD pathogenesis. Targeting macrophage plasticity opens up new possibilities for more effective AMD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souska Zandi
- Center for Excellence in Functional and Molecular Imaging, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Swiss Eye Institute, Rotkreuz and Berner Augenklinik am Lindenhofspital, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shintaro Nakao
- Center for Excellence in Functional and Molecular Imaging, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kwang-Hoon Chun
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Transplant Medicine, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Dawei Sun
- Center for Excellence in Functional and Molecular Imaging, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, the First and Second Affiliated Hospitals of the Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Ryoichi Arita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ming Zhao
- Center for Excellence in Functional and Molecular Imaging, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology, Minimally Invasive Interventional Division, Medical Imaging Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Enoch Kim
- Surface Logix, Inc., 50 Soldiers Field Place, Brighton, MA 02135, USA
| | - Olivier Schueller
- Surface Logix, Inc., 50 Soldiers Field Place, Brighton, MA 02135, USA
| | - Stewart Campbell
- Surface Logix, Inc., 50 Soldiers Field Place, Brighton, MA 02135, USA
| | - Mahdi Taher
- Center for Excellence in Functional and Molecular Imaging, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark Ivan Melhorn
- Center for Excellence in Functional and Molecular Imaging, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Schering
- Center for Excellence in Functional and Molecular Imaging, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francesca Gatti
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Transplant Medicine, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Tezza
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Transplant Medicine, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Fang Xie
- Center for Excellence in Functional and Molecular Imaging, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, the First and Second Affiliated Hospitals of the Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Andrea Vergani
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Transplant Medicine, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keijiro Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Muneo Yamaguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ruth Schmidt-Ullrich
- Department of Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yasuaki Hata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Enaida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Yuzawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paul Sweetnam
- Surface Logix, Inc., 50 Soldiers Field Place, Brighton, MA 02135, USA
| | - Tatsuro Ishibashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ali Hafezi-Moghadam
- Center for Excellence in Functional and Molecular Imaging, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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TONG YU, YUE JUN, MAO MENG, LIU QINGQING, ZHOU JING, YANG JIYUN. Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 inhibits cell invasion by decreasing uPA expression in NSCLC cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1815-22. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Le JM, Squarize CH, Castilho RM. Histone modifications: Targeting head and neck cancer stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:511-525. [PMID: 25426249 PMCID: PMC4178252 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i5.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, and is responsible for a quarter of a million deaths annually. The survival rate for HNSCC patients is poor, showing only minor improvement in the last three decades. Despite new surgical techniques and chemotherapy protocols, tumor resistance to chemotherapy remains a significant challenge for HNSCC patients. Numerous mechanisms underlie chemoresistance, including genetic and epigenetic alterations in cancer cells that may be acquired during treatment and activation of mitogenic signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer-of activated B cell, that cause reduced apoptosis. In addition to dysfunctional molecular signaling, emerging evidence reveals involvement of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in tumor development and in tumor resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. These observations have sparked interest in understanding the mechanisms involved in the control of CSC function and fate. Post-translational modifications of histones dynamically influence gene expression independent of alterations to the DNA sequence. Recent findings from our group have shown that pharmacological induction of post-translational modifications of tumor histones dynamically modulates CSC plasticity. These findings suggest that a better understanding of the biology of CSCs in response to epigenetic switches and pharmacological inhibitors of histone function may directly translate to the development of a mechanism-based strategy to disrupt CSCs. In this review, we present and discuss current knowledge on epigenetic modifications of HNSCC and CSC response to DNA methylation and histone modifications. In addition, we discuss chromatin modifications and their role in tumor resistance to therapy.
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Bitar MS, Al-Mulla F. Upregulation of CREM/ICER suppresses wound endothelial CRE-HIF-1α-VEGF-dependent signaling and impairs angiogenesis in type 2 diabetes. Dis Model Mech 2014; 8:65-80. [PMID: 25381014 PMCID: PMC4283651 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.017145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes constitute dominant risk factors for non-healing wounds and most forms of cardiovascular disease. We propose that diabetes shifts the ‘angiogenic balance’ in favor of an excessive anti-angiogenic phenotype. Herein, we report that diabetes impairs in vivo sponge angiogenic capacity by decreasing VEGF expression and fibrovascular invasion, and reciprocally enhances the formation of angiostatic molecules, such as thrombospondins, NFκB and FasL. Defective in vivo angiogenesis prompted cellular studies in cultured endothelial cells derived from subcutaneous sponge implants (SIECs) of control and Goto-Kakizaki rats. Ensuing data from diabetic SIECs demonstrated a marked upregulation in cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling, possibly stemming from increased expression of adenylyl cyclase isoforms 3 and 8, and decreased expression of PDE3. Mechanistically, we found that oxidative stress and PKA activation in diabetes enhanced CREM/ICER expression. This reduces IRS2 cellular content by inhibiting cAMP response element (CRE) transcriptional activity. Consequently, a decrease in the activity of Akt-mTOR ensued with a concomitant reduction in the total and nuclear protein levels of HIF-1α. Limiting HIF-1α availability for the specific hypoxia response elements in diabetic SIECs elicited a marked reduction in VEGF expression, both at the mRNA and protein levels. These molecular abnormalities were illustrated functionally by a defect in various pro-angiogenic properties, including cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. A genetic-based strategy in diabetic SIECs using siRNAs against CREM/ICER significantly augmented the PKA-dependent VEGF expression. To this end, the current data identify the importance of CREM/ICER as a negative regulator of endothelial function and establish a link between CREM/ICER overexpression and impaired angiogenesis during the course of diabetes. Moreover, it could also point to CREM/ICER as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of pathological angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad S Bitar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
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Cubbon RM, Mercer BN, Sengupta A, Kearney MT. Importance of insulin resistance to vascular repair and regeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 60:246-63. [PMID: 23466555 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic insulin resistance is apparent across a spectrum of clinical disorders, including obesity and diabetes, and is characterized by an adverse clustering of cardiovascular risk factors related to abnormal cellular responses to insulin. These disorders are becoming increasingly prevalent and represent a major global public health concern because of their association with significant increases in atherosclerosis-related mortality. Endogenous repair mechanisms are thought to retard the development of vascular disease, and a growing evidence base supports the adverse impact of the insulin-resistant phenotype upon indices of vascular repair. Beyond the impact of systemic metabolic changes, emerging data from murine studies also provide support for abnormal insulin signaling at the level of vascular cells in retarding vascular repair. Interrelated pathophysiological factors, including reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, oxidative stress, altered growth factor activity, and abnormal intracellular signaling, are likely to act in conjunction to impede vascular repair while also driving vascular damage. Understanding of these processes is shaping novel therapeutic paradigms that aim to promote vascular repair and regeneration, either by recruiting endogenous mechanisms or by the administration of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Cubbon
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Craword SE, Fitchev P, Veliceasa D, Volpert OV. The many facets of PEDF in drug discovery and disease: a diamond in the rough or split personality disorder? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:769-92. [PMID: 23642051 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.794781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) was discovered as a neurotrophic factor secreted by retinal pigment epithelial cells. A decade later, it re-emerged as a powerful angiogenesis inhibitor guarding ocular function. Since then, significant advances were made identifying PEDF's mechanisms, targets and biomedical applications. AREAS COVERED The authors review several methodologies that have generated significant new information about the potential of PEDF as a drug. Furthermore, the authors review and discuss mechanistic and structure-function analyses combined with the functional mapping of active fragments, which have yielded several short bioactive PEDF peptides. Additionally, the authors present functional studies in knockout animals and human correlates that have provided important information about conditions amenable to PEDF-based therapies. EXPERT OPINION Through its four known receptors, PEDF causes a wide range of cellular events vitally important for the organism, which include survival and differentiation, migration and invasion, lipid metabolism and stem cell maintenance. These processes are deregulated in multiple pathological conditions, including cancer, metabolic and cardiovascular disease. PEDF has been successfully used in countless preclinical models of these conditions and human correlates suggest a wide utility of PEDF-based drugs. The most significant clinical application of PEDF, to date, is its potential therapeutic use for age-related macular degeneration. Moreover, PEDF-based gene therapy has advanced to early stage clinical trials. PEDF active fragments have been mapped and used to design short peptide mimetics conferring distinct functions of PEDF, which may address specific clinical problems and become prototype drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Craword
- St. Louis University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Gunda V, Sudhakar YA. Regulation of Tumor Angiogenesis and Choroidal Neovascularization by Endogenous Angioinhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 5:417-426. [PMID: 25258675 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956.1000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process of neovascularization from parent blood vessels, which is a prerequisite for many physiological and pathological conditions and is regulated by a balance between endogenous angioinhibitors and angioactivators or angiogenic factors. Imbalance between angioinhibitors and angioactivators is associated with neovascularization capacity during progression of tumor development and Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV). Normalization of pathological angiogenesis is considered as an alternative strategy to prevent the tumor growth in cancer progression or retinal damage in CNV. Various angioinhibitors are being identified and evaluated for their pathological angiogenesis regulation, of which endogenous angioinhibitors are one class derived either from extra cellular matrix or from non-extra cellular matrix of human origin. Endogenous angioinhibitors are gaining much significance as they interact with proliferating endothelial cells by binding to distinct integrins and non-integrin receptors, regulating different intracellular signaling mechanisms leading to inhibition of choroidal neovascularization and tumor growth. This review will focus on endogenous angioinhibitors and their receptor(s) mediated angioinhibitory signaling, which are of major concern in angiogenesis and their clinical and pharmaceutical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Gunda
- The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yakkanti A Sudhakar
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Bioscience Division, Center for Cancer and Metabolism, Stanford Research Institute (SRI) International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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