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Cerier E, Kurihara C, Kaiho T, Toyoda T, Manerikar A, Kandula V, Thomae B, Yagi Y, Yeldandi A, Kim S, Avella-Patino D, Pandolfino J, Perlman H, Singer B, Scott Budinger GR, Lung K, Alexiev B, Bharat A. Temporal correlation between postreperfusion complement deposition and severe primary graft dysfunction in lung allografts. Am J Transplant 2024; 24:577-590. [PMID: 37977230 PMCID: PMC10982049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence implicates complement in the pathogenesis of primary graft dysfunction (PGD). We hypothesized that early complement activation postreperfusion could predispose to severe PGD grade 3 (PGD-3) at 72 hours, which is associated with worst posttransplant outcomes. Consecutive lung transplant patients (n = 253) from January 2018 through June 2023 underwent timed open allograft biopsies at the end of cold ischemia (internal control) and 30 minutes postreperfusion. PGD-3 at 72 hours occurred in 14% (35/253) of patients; 17% (44/253) revealed positive C4d staining on postreperfusion allograft biopsy, and no biopsy-related complications were encountered. Significantly more patients with PGD-3 at 72 hours had positive C4d staining at 30 minutes postreperfusion compared with those without (51% vs 12%, P < .001). Conversely, patients with positive C4d staining were significantly more likely to develop PGD-3 at 72 hours (41% vs 8%, P < .001) and experienced worse long-term outcomes. In multivariate logistic regression, positive C4d staining remained highly predictive of PGD-3 (odds ratio 7.92, 95% confidence interval 2.97-21.1, P < .001). Hence, early complement deposition in allografts is highly predictive of PGD-3 at 72 hours. Our data support future studies to evaluate the role of complement inhibition in patients with early postreperfusion complement activation to mitigate PGD and improve transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Cerier
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chitaru Kurihara
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Taisuke Kaiho
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Takahide Toyoda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adwaiy Manerikar
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Viswajit Kandula
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin Thomae
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yuriko Yagi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anjana Yeldandi
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Samuel Kim
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Diego Avella-Patino
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John Pandolfino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Harris Perlman
- Department of Rheumatology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Benjamin Singer
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - Kalvin Lung
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Borislav Alexiev
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ankit Bharat
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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2
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Wang Z, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Wu L, Wang L, Lin Q, Wan B. An Intriguing Structural Modification in Neutrophil Migration Across Blood Vessels to Inflammatory Sites: Progress in the Core Mechanisms. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:67-75. [PMID: 37962751 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The role and function of neutrophils are well known, but we still have incomplete understanding of the mechanisms by which neutrophils migrate from blood vessels to inflammatory sites. Neutrophil migration is a complex process that involves several distinct steps. To resist the blood flow and maintain their rolling, neutrophils employ tether and sling formation. They also polarize and form pseudopods and uropods, guided by hierarchical chemotactic agents that enable precise directional movement. Meanwhile, chemotactic agents secreted by neutrophils, such as CXCL1, CXCL8, LTB4, and C5a, can recruit more neutrophils and amplify their response. In the context of diapedesis neutrophils traverse the endothelial cells via two pathways: the transmigratory cup and the lateral border recycling department. These structures aid in overcoming the narrow pore size of the endothelial barrier, resulting in more efficient transmembrane migration. Interestingly, neutrophils exhibit a preference for the paracellular pathway over the transcellular pathway, likely due to the former's lower resistance. In this review, we will delve into the intricate process of neutrophil migration by focusing on critical structures that underpins this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yufang Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yulei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Liangquan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Qiuqi Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Bing Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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3
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Mattos-Graner RO, Klein MI, Alves LA. The complement system as a key modulator of the oral microbiome in health and disease. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:138-167. [PMID: 36622855 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2163614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we address the interplay between the complement system and host microbiomes in health and disease, focussing on oral bacteria known to contribute to homeostasis or to promote dysbiosis associated with dental caries and periodontal diseases. Host proteins modulating complement activities in the oral environment and expression profiles of complement proteins in oral tissues were described. In addition, we highlight a sub-set of bacterial proteins involved in complement evasion and/or dysregulation previously characterized in pathogenic species (or strains), but further conserved among prototypical commensal species of the oral microbiome. Potential roles of these proteins in host-microbiome homeostasis and in the emergence of commensal strain lineages with increased virulence were also addressed. Finally, we provide examples of how commensal bacteria might exploit the complement system in competitive or cooperative interactions within the complex microbial communities of oral biofilms. These issues highlight the need for studies investigating the effects of the complement system on bacterial behaviour and competitiveness during their complex interactions within oral and extra-oral host sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata O Mattos-Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlise I Klein
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Araújo Alves
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University (UNICSUL), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Saxena R, Gottlin EB, Campa MJ, Bushey RT, Guo J, Patz EF, He YW. Complement factor H: a novel innate immune checkpoint in cancer immunotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1302490. [PMID: 38389705 PMCID: PMC10883309 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1302490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The elimination of cancer cells critically depends on the immune system. However, cancers have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms to evade immune monitoring, leading to tumor progression. Complement factor H (CFH), predominately known for its function in inhibiting the alternative pathway of the complement system, has recently been identified as an important innate immunological checkpoint in cancer. CFH-mediated immunosuppression enhances tumor cells' ability to avoid immune recognition and produce an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This review explores the molecular underpinnings, interactions with immune cells, clinical consequences, and therapeutic possibilities of CFH as an innate immune checkpoint in cancer control. The difficulties and opportunities of using CFH as a target in cancer immunotherapy are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Saxena
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Elizabeth B Gottlin
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael J Campa
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ryan T Bushey
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Edward F Patz
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - You-Wen He
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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5
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Li Y, Moein Moghimi S, Simberg D. Complement-dependent uptake of nanoparticles by blood phagocytes: brief overview and perspective. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 85:103044. [PMID: 38091875 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Immune recognition and uptake of nanoparticles remain the hot topic in nanomedicine research. Complement is the central player in the immune recognition of engineered nanoparticles. Here, we summarize the accumulated knowledge on the role of complement in the interactions of nanomaterials with blood phagocytes. We describe the interplay between surface properties, complement opsonization, and immune uptake, primarily of iron oxide nanoparticles. We discuss the rigor of the published research and further identify the following knowledge gaps: 1) the role of complement in the variability of uptake of nanomaterials in healthy and diseased subjects, and 2) modulation of complement interactions to improve the performance of nanomaterials. Addressing these gaps is critical to improving translational chances of nanomaterials for drug delivery and imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Translational Bio-Nanosciences Laboratory, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Seyed Moein Moghimi
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dmitri Simberg
- Translational Bio-Nanosciences Laboratory, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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6
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Vítek L, Woronyczova J, Hanzikova V, Posová H. Complement System Deficiencies in Elite Athletes. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:11. [PMID: 38252367 PMCID: PMC10803703 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although regular physical activity improves immune competency and reduces the prevalence of inflammatory diseases, strenuous training in elite athletes is associated with an increased susceptibility to infectious complications. Therefore, the objective of our study was to assess the routinely examined parameters of the complement system in elite athletes. The study was carried out in a cohort of elite athletes (n = 134) and healthy control subjects (n = 110). In all subjects, besides a routine laboratory check-up, serum concentrations of the C3 and C4 complement components, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), as well as activation of all three complement pathways were determined. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, lower C3 and C4 complement component concentrations were observed in elite athletes (0.96 ± 0.1 vs. 1.08 ± 0.2 mg/L, and 0.18 ± 0.1 vs. 0.25 ± 0.1 mg/L, respectively, p < 0.05); with much higher frequency rates of C3 and C4 deficiencies in athletes (31.3 vs. 14.5%, and 6 vs. 0%, p < 0.05). Simultaneously, athletes had much higher frequency rates of deficiencies of activation of classical and alternative complement pathways; while, deficiency of activation of the lectin pathway was similar in both cohorts. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed a high frequency of defects in the complement system in elite athletes. Lower concentrations of C3 and C4 complement components, with high frequencies of deficiencies of the classical and alternative complement activation pathways were the most prevalent disorder of the complement system in elite athletes. Further studies are needed to uncover the functional impacts of these observations upon the susceptibility to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Vítek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 32, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Woronyczova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 32, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Sports Research Institute of the Czech Armed Forces, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Hanzikova
- Blood Transfusion Unit, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Posová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 32, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic
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7
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Cervia-Hasler C, Brüningk SC, Hoch T, Fan B, Muzio G, Thompson RC, Ceglarek L, Meledin R, Westermann P, Emmenegger M, Taeschler P, Zurbuchen Y, Pons M, Menges D, Ballouz T, Cervia-Hasler S, Adamo S, Merad M, Charney AW, Puhan M, Brodin P, Nilsson J, Aguzzi A, Raeber ME, Messner CB, Beckmann ND, Borgwardt K, Boyman O. Persistent complement dysregulation with signs of thromboinflammation in active Long Covid. Science 2024; 383:eadg7942. [PMID: 38236961 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg7942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Long Covid is a debilitating condition of unknown etiology. We performed multimodal proteomics analyses of blood serum from COVID-19 patients followed up to 12 months after confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Analysis of >6500 proteins in 268 longitudinal samples revealed dysregulated activation of the complement system, an innate immune protection and homeostasis mechanism, in individuals experiencing Long Covid. Thus, active Long Covid was characterized by terminal complement system dysregulation and ongoing activation of the alternative and classical complement pathways, the latter associated with increased antibody titers against several herpesviruses possibly stimulating this pathway. Moreover, markers of hemolysis, tissue injury, platelet activation, and monocyte-platelet aggregates were increased in Long Covid. Machine learning confirmed complement and thromboinflammatory proteins as top biomarkers, warranting diagnostic and therapeutic interrogation of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cervia-Hasler
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah C Brüningk
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Hoch
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bowen Fan
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Muzio
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ryan C Thompson
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Laura Ceglarek
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roman Meledin
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Westermann
- Precision Proteomics Center, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Marc Emmenegger
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Taeschler
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yves Zurbuchen
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michele Pons
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Menges
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tala Ballouz
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Cervia-Hasler
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Adamo
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Merad
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alexander W Charney
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Milo Puhan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petter Brodin
- Unit for Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, 17165 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miro E Raeber
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph B Messner
- Precision Proteomics Center, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Noam D Beckmann
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Division of Data Driven and Digital Medicine (D3M), Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Karsten Borgwardt
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Lam CW, Castranova V, Driscoll K, Warheit D, Ryder V, Zhang Y, Zeidler-Erdely P, Hunter R, Scully R, Wallace W, James J, Crucian B, Nelman M, McCluskey R, Gardner D, Renne R, McClellan R. A review of pulmonary neutrophilia and insights into the key role of neutrophils in particle-induced pathogenesis in the lung from animal studies of lunar dusts and other poorly soluble dust particles. Crit Rev Toxicol 2023; 53:441-479. [PMID: 37850621 PMCID: PMC10872584 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2258925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of particle-induced pathogenesis in the lung remain poorly understood. Neutrophilic inflammation and oxidative stress in the lung are hallmarks of toxicity. Some investigators have postulated that oxidative stress from particle surface reactive oxygen species (psROS) on the dust produces the toxicopathology in the lungs of dust-exposed animals. This postulate was tested concurrently with the studies to elucidate the toxicity of lunar dust (LD), which is believed to contain psROS due to high-speed micrometeoroid bombardment that fractured and pulverized lunar surface regolith. Results from studies of rats intratracheally instilled (ITI) with three LDs (prepared from an Apollo-14 lunar regolith), which differed 14-fold in levels of psROS, and two toxicity reference dusts (TiO2 and quartz) indicated that psROS had no significant contribution to the dusts' toxicity in the lung. Reported here are results of further investigations by the LD toxicity study team on the toxicological role of oxidants in alveolar neutrophils that were harvested from rats in the 5-dust ITI study and from rats that were exposed to airborne LD for 4 weeks. The oxidants per neutrophils and all neutrophils increased with dose, exposure time and dust's cytotoxicity. The results suggest that alveolar neutrophils play a critical role in particle-induced injury and toxicity in the lung of dust-exposed animals. Based on these results, we propose an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for particle-associated lung disease that centers on the crucial role of alveolar neutrophil-derived oxidant species. A critical review of the toxicology literature on particle exposure and lung disease further supports a neutrophil-centric mechanism in the pathogenesis of lung disease and may explain previously reported animal species differences in responses to poorly soluble particles. Key findings from the toxicology literature indicate that (1) after exposures to the same dust at the same amount, rats have more alveolar neutrophils than hamsters; hamsters clear more particles from their lungs, consequently contributing to fewer neutrophils and less severe lung lesions; (2) rats exposed to nano-sized TiO2 have more neutrophils and more severe lesions in their lungs than rats exposed to the same mass-concentration of micron-sized TiO2; nano-sized dust has a greater number of particles and a larger total particle-cell contact surface area than the same mass of micron-sized dust, which triggers more alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) to synthesize and release more cytokines that recruit a greater number of neutrophils leading to more severe lesions. Thus, we postulate that, during chronic dust exposure, particle-inflicted AECs persistently release cytokines, which recruit neutrophils and activate them to produce oxidants resulting in a prolonged continuous source of endogenous oxidative stress that leads to lung toxicity. This neutrophil-driven lung pathogenesis explains why dust exposure induces more severe lesions in rats than hamsters; why, on a mass-dose basis, nano-sized dusts are more toxic than the micron-sized dusts; why lung lesions progress with time; and why dose-response curves of particle toxicity exhibit a hockey stick like shape with a threshold. The neutrophil centric AOP for particle-induced lung disease has implications for risk assessment of human exposures to dust particles and environmental particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-wing Lam
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Biomedical & Environmental Research Department, KBR Toxicology & Environmental Chemistry, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kevin Driscoll
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Valerie Ryder
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ye Zhang
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Utilization and Life Sciences Office, Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, FL, USA
| | - Patti Zeidler-Erdely
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Robert Hunter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Scully
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Biomedical & Environmental Research Department, KBR Toxicology & Environmental Chemistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William Wallace
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Biomedical & Environmental Research Department, KBR Toxicology & Environmental Chemistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John James
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian Crucian
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mayra Nelman
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Biomedical & Environmental Research Department, KBR Toxicology & Environmental Chemistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Roger Renne
- Roger Renne ToxPath Consulting Inc., Sumner, WA, USA
| | - Roger McClellan
- Toxicology and Human Health Risk Analysis, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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9
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Osman M, Cohen Tervaert JW, Pagnoux C. Avacopan for the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis: an update. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:461-471. [PMID: 36545762 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2162041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucocorticoids (GC) have been part of the standard treatment of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm autoantibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) for more than 60 years. Various therapeutic advances have occurred over the past 2 decades and led to a significant reduction of GC exposure, but most patients still have to suffer from complications of GC, including infections, metabolic abnormalities, and cardiovascular morbidity. In 2007, activation of the complement pathway was demonstrated to play a role in the pathogenesis of AAV. Avacopan, an oral competitive inhibitor of the C5a receptor (C5aR1, CD88), was then developed, with an additional aim to decrease the use of GC. AREAS COVERED In this article, we briefly summarize the rationale for targeting the complement pathway in AAV, and review relevant findings from pre-clinical, phase I, II, and III studies, subsequent and more recent case reports and series on the efficacy and safety of avacopan. EXPERT OPINION Based on the results of these studies, avacopan was approved in most countries since late 2021, as an adjunctive induction treatment for patients with AAV. Several newer questions now are pending answers, including as to how avacopan should be used in real-world practice, beyond how it was given in the original clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Osman
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Christian Pagnoux
- Vasculitis clinic, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Deng M, Aberle MR, van Bijnen AAJHM, van der Kroft G, Lenaerts K, Neumann UP, Wiltberger G, Schaap FG, Olde Damink SWM, Rensen SS. Lipocalin-2 and neutrophil activation in pancreatic cancer cachexia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1159411. [PMID: 37006254 PMCID: PMC10057111 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1159411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by body weight loss and systemic inflammation. The characterization of the inflammatory response in patients with cachexia is still limited. Lipocalin-2, a protein abundant in neutrophils, has recently been implicated in appetite suppression in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer cachexia. We hypothesized that lipocalin-2 levels could be associated with neutrophil activation and nutritional status of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients.MethodsPlasma levels of neutrophil activation markers calprotectin, myeloperoxidase, elastase, and bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) were compared between non-cachectic PDAC patients (n=13) and cachectic PDAC patients with high (≥26.9 ng/mL, n=34) or low (<26.9 ng/mL, n=34) circulating lipocalin-2 levels. Patients’ nutritional status was assessed by the patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) and through body composition analysis using CT-scan slices at the L3 level.ResultsCirculating lipocalin-2 levels did not differ between cachectic and non-cachectic PDAC patients (median 26.7 (IQR 19.7-34.8) vs. 24.8 (16.6-29.4) ng/mL, p=0.141). Cachectic patients with high systemic lipocalin-2 levels had higher concentrations of calprotectin, myeloperoxidase, and elastase than non-cachectic patients or cachectic patients with low lipocalin-2 levels (calprotectin: 542.3 (355.8-724.9) vs. 457.5 (213.3-606.9), p=0.448 vs. 366.5 (294.5-478.5) ng/mL, p=0.009; myeloperoxidase: 30.3 (22.1-37.9) vs. 16.3 (12.0-27.5), p=0.021 vs. 20.2 (15.0-29.2) ng/mL, p=0.011; elastase: 137.1 (90.8-253.2) vs. 97.2 (28.8-215.7), p=0.410 vs. 95.0 (72.2-113.6) ng/mL, p=0.006; respectively). The CRP/albumin ratio was also higher in cachectic patients with high lipocalin-2 levels (2.3 (1.3-6.0) as compared to non-cachectic patients (1.0 (0.7-4.2), p=0.041). Lipocalin-2 concentrations correlated with those of calprotectin (rs=0.36, p<0.001), myeloperoxidase (rs=0.48, p<0.001), elastase (rs=0.50, p<0.001), and BPI (rs=0.22, p=0.048). Whereas no significant correlations with weight loss, BMI, or L3 skeletal muscle index were observed, lipocalin-2 concentrations were associated with subcutaneous adipose tissue index (rs=-0.25, p=0.034). Moreover, lipocalin-2 tended to be elevated in severely malnourished patients compared with well-nourished patients (27.2 (20.3-37.2) vs. 19.9 (13.4-26.4) ng/mL, p=0.058).ConclusionsThese data suggest that lipocalin-2 levels are associated with neutrophil activation in patients with pancreatic cancer cachexia and that it may contribute to their poor nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Deng
- Department of Surgery and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Merel R. Aberle
- Department of Surgery and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie A. J. H. M. van Bijnen
- Department of Surgery and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gregory van der Kroft
- Department of Surgery and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kaatje Lenaerts
- Department of Surgery and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ulf P. Neumann
- Department of Surgery and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Wiltberger
- Department of General, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank G. Schaap
- Department of Surgery and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steven W. M. Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sander S. Rensen
- Department of Surgery and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Sander S. Rensen,
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11
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Xiao F, Guo J, Tomlinson S, Yuan G, He S. The role of the complosome in health and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146167. [PMID: 36969185 PMCID: PMC10036758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is one of the immune system's oldest defense mechanisms and is historically regarded as a liver-derived and serum-active innate immune system that 'complements' cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses against pathogens. However, the complement system is now recognized as a central component of both innate and adaptive immunity at both the systemic and local tissue levels. More findings have uncovered novel activities of an intracellularly active complement system-the complosome-that have shifted established functional paradigms in the field. The complosome has been shown to play a critical function in regulating T cell responses, cell physiology (such as metabolism), inflammatory disease processes, and cancer, which has amply proved its immense research potential and informed us that there is still much to learn about this system. Here, we summarize current understanding and discuss the emerging roles of the complosome in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jixu Guo
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Stephen Tomlinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Guandou Yuan
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Songqing He
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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12
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Linde IL, Prestwood TR, Qiu J, Pilarowski G, Linde MH, Zhang X, Shen L, Reticker-Flynn NE, Chiu DKC, Sheu LY, Van Deursen S, Tolentino LL, Song WC, Engleman EG. Neutrophil-activating therapy for the treatment of cancer. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:356-372.e10. [PMID: 36706760 PMCID: PMC9968410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite their cytotoxic capacity, neutrophils are often co-opted by cancers to promote immunosuppression, tumor growth, and metastasis. Consequently, these cells have received little attention as potential cancer immunotherapeutic agents. Here, we demonstrate in mouse models that neutrophils can be harnessed to induce eradication of tumors and reduce metastatic seeding through the combined actions of tumor necrosis factor, CD40 agonist, and tumor-binding antibody. The same combination activates human neutrophils in vitro, enabling their lysis of human tumor cells. Mechanistically, this therapy induces rapid mobilization and tumor infiltration of neutrophils along with complement activation in tumors. Complement component C5a activates neutrophils to produce leukotriene B4, which stimulates reactive oxygen species production via xanthine oxidase, resulting in oxidative damage and T cell-independent clearance of multiple tumor types. These data establish neutrophils as potent anti-tumor immune mediators and define an inflammatory pathway that can be harnessed to drive neutrophil-mediated eradication of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian L Linde
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tyler R Prestwood
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jingtao Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Genay Pilarowski
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Miles H Linde
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiangyue Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Lauren Y Sheu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Simon Van Deursen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lorna L Tolentino
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wen-Chao Song
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edgar G Engleman
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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13
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Teoh CW, Riedl Khursigara M, Ortiz-Sandoval CG, Park JW, Li J, Bohorquez-Hernandez A, Bruno V, Bowen EE, Freeman SA, Robinson LA, Licht C. The loss of glycocalyx integrity impairs complement factor H binding and contributes to cyclosporine-induced endothelial cell injury. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:891513. [PMID: 36860338 PMCID: PMC9968885 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.891513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are associated with nephrotoxicity, endothelial cell dysfunction, and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Evolving evidence suggests an important role for complement dysregulation in the pathogenesis of CNI-induced TMA. However, the exact mechanism(s) of CNI-induced TMA remain(s) unknown. Methods Using blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) from healthy donors, we evaluated the effects of cyclosporine on endothelial cell integrity. Specifically, we determined complement activation (C3c and C9) and regulation (CD46, CD55, CD59, and complement factor H [CFH] deposition) as these occurred on the endothelial cell surface membrane and glycocalyx. Results We found that exposing the endothelium to cyclosporine resulted in a dose- and time-dependent enhancement of complement deposition and cytotoxicity. We, therefore, employed flow cytometry, Western blotting/CFH cofactor assays, and immunofluorescence imaging to determine the expression of complement regulators and the functional activity and localization of CFH. Notably, while cyclosporine led to the upregulation of complement regulators CD46, CD55, and CD59 on the endothelial cell surface, it also diminished the endothelial cell glycocalyx through the shedding of heparan sulfate side chains. The weakened endothelial cell glycocalyx resulted in decreased CFH surface binding and surface cofactor activity. Conclusion Our findings confirm a role for complement in cyclosporine-induced endothelial injury and suggest that decreased glycocalyx density, induced by cyclosporine, is a mechanism that leads to complement alternative pathway dysregulation via decreased CFH surface binding and cofactor activity. This mechanism may apply to other secondary TMAs-in which a role for complement has so far not been recognized-and provide a potential therapeutic target and an important marker for patients on calcineurin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Wei Teoh
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Magdalena Riedl Khursigara
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jee Woo Park
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jun Li
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Valentina Bruno
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Division of Paediatric Nephrology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Emily E. Bowen
- Bristol Renal, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Spencer A. Freeman
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa A. Robinson
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christoph Licht
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Christoph Licht ✉
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14
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Tu H, Li YL. Inflammation balance in skeletal muscle damage and repair. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133355. [PMID: 36776867 PMCID: PMC9909416 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Responding to tissue injury, skeletal muscles undergo the tissue destruction and reconstruction accompanied with inflammation. The immune system recognizes the molecules released from or exposed on the damaged tissue. In the local minor tissue damage, tissue-resident macrophages sequester pro-inflammatory debris to prevent initiation of inflammation. In most cases of the skeletal muscle injury, however, a cascade of inflammation will be initiated through activation of local macrophages and mast cells and recruitment of immune cells from blood circulation to the injured site by recongnization of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and activated complement system. During the inflammation, macrophages and neutrophils scavenge the tissue debris to release inflammatory cytokines and the latter stimulates myoblast fusion and vascularization to promote injured muscle repair. On the other hand, an abundance of released inflammatory cytokines and chemokines causes the profound hyper-inflammation and mobilization of immune cells to trigger a vicious cycle and lead to the cytokine storm. The cytokine storm results in the elevation of cytolytic and cytotoxic molecules and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the damaged muscle to aggravates the tissue injury, including the healthy bystander tissue. Severe inflammation in the skeletal muscle can lead to rhabdomyolysis and cause sepsis-like systemic inflammation response syndrome (SIRS) and remote organ damage. Therefore, understanding more details on the involvement of inflammatory factors and immune cells in the skeletal muscle damage and repair can provide the new precise therapeutic strategies, including attenuation of the muscle damage and promotion of the muscle repair.
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15
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Moore SR, Menon SS, Galwankar NS, Khuder SA, Pangburn MK, Ferreira VP. A novel assay that characterizes properdin function shows neutrophil-derived properdin has a distinct oligomeric distribution. Front Immunol 2023; 13:918856. [PMID: 36713423 PMCID: PMC9880526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Properdin acts as an essential positive regulator of the alternative pathway of complement by stabilizing enzymatic convertases. Identical properdin monomers form head-to-tail associations of oligomers in a reported 20:54:26 ratio (most often described as an approximate 1:2:1 ratio) of tetramers (P4), trimers (P3), and dimers (P2), in blood, under normal physiological conditions. Oligomeric size is proportional to properdin function with tetramers being more active, followed by trimers and dimers. Neutrophils are the most abundant granulocyte, are recruited to inflammatory microenvironments, and are a significant source of properdin, yet the ratio of properdin oligomers released from neutrophils is unknown. The oligomer ratio of neutrophil-derived properdin could have functional consequences in local microenvironments where neutrophils are abundant and complement drives inflammation. We investigated the oligomer properties of neutrophil-derived properdin, as compared to that of normal human sera, using a novel ELISA-based method that detects function of properdin in a way that was proportional to the oligomeric size of properdin (i.e., the larger the oligomer, the higher the detected function). Unexpectedly, neutrophil-derived properdin had 5-fold lower function than donor-matched serum-derived properdin. The lower function was due to a lower percentage of tetramers/trimers and more dimers, indicating a significantly different P4:P3:P2 ratio in neutrophil-derived properdin (18:34:48) as compared to donor-matched serum (29:43:29). Release of lower-order oligomers by neutrophils may constitute a novel regulatory mechanism to control the rate of complement activation in cellular microenvironments. Further studies to determine the factors that affect properdin oligomerization and whether, or how, the predominant dimers in neutrophil-derived properdin, assimilate to the ~1:2:1 ratio found in serum are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R. Moore
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Smrithi S. Menon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Neeti S. Galwankar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Sadik A. Khuder
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Michael K. Pangburn
- Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Viviana P. Ferreira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Viviana P. Ferreira,
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Schubart A, Flohr S, Junt T, Eder J. Low-molecular weight inhibitors of the alternative complement pathway. Immunol Rev 2023; 313:339-357. [PMID: 36217774 PMCID: PMC10092480 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway predisposes individuals to a number of diseases. It can either be evoked by genetic alterations in or by stabilizing antibodies to important pathway components and typically leads to severe diseases such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, C3 glomerulopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. In addition, the alternative pathway may also be involved in many other diseases where its amplifying function for all complement pathways might play a role. To identify specific alternative pathway inhibitors that qualify as therapeutics for these diseases, drug discovery efforts have focused on the two central proteases of the pathway, factor B and factor D. Although drug discovery has been challenging for a number of reasons, potent and selective low-molecular weight (LMW) oral inhibitors have now been discovered for both proteases and several molecules are in clinical development for multiple complement-mediated diseases. While the clinical development of these inhibitors initially focuses on diseases with systemic and/or peripheral tissue complement activation, the availability of LMW inhibitors may also open up the prospect of inhibiting complement in the central nervous system where its activation may also play an important role in several neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schubart
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Flohr
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Junt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Eder
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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Mazzariol M, Manenti L, Vaglio A. The complement system in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: pathogenic player and therapeutic target. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2023; 35:31-36. [PMID: 36301247 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) as well as the employment of complement inhibitors in AAV treatment. RECENT FINDINGS AAV has traditionally been considered a pauci-immune disease until recent findings demonstrated the pathogenic role of the complement system. The complement alternative pathway is crucial in AAV, and C5a seems to be a key molecule for AAV to develop. Avacopan, a C5a-receptor (C5aR) antagonist, proved effective in achieving AAV remission and ameliorating kidney function. SUMMARY The increased circulating levels of some complement components - as well as the consumption of others - in patients with AAV suggested a systemic activation of the complement system. Low C3 levels correlate with a more aggressive disease and a worse renal prognosis. In ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis, renal deposits of C3d and properdin, suggestive of local alternative pathway activation, correlate with glomerular crescents and proteinuria. The interaction between C5a and neutrophil triggers alternative pathway activation, suggesting the central role of C5a in AAV pathogenesis. Avacopan, a C5aR inhibitor, showed beneficial effects in AAV and represents a promising therapy to achieve sustained remission and to spare glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mazzariol
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze
| | | | - Augusto Vaglio
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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18
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Abstract
Dysregulation and accelerated activation of the alternative pathway (AP) of complement is known to cause or accentuate several pathologic conditions in which kidney injury leads to the appearance of hematuria and proteinuria and ultimately to the development of chronic renal failure. Multiple genetic and acquired defects involving plasma- and membrane-associated proteins are probably necessary to impair the protection of host tissues and to confer a significant predisposition to AP-mediated kidney diseases. This review aims to explore how our current understanding will make it possible to identify the mechanisms that underlie AP-mediated kidney diseases and to discuss the available clinical evidence that supports complement-directed therapies. Although the value of limiting uncontrolled complement activation has long been recognized, incorporating complement-targeted treatments into clinical use has proved challenging. Availability of anti-complement therapy has dramatically transformed the outcome of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, one of the most severe kidney diseases. Innovative drugs that directly counteract AP dysregulation have also opened new perspectives for the management of other kidney diseases in which complement activation is involved. However, gained experience indicates that the choice of drug should be tailored to each patient's characteristics, including clinical, histologic, genetic, and biochemical parameters. Successfully treating patients requires further research in the field and close collaboration between clinicians and researchers who have special expertise in the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Daina
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Monica Cortinovis
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
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Ciccosanti F, Antonioli M, Sacchi A, Notari S, Farina A, Beccacece A, Fusto M, Vergori A, D'Offizi G, Taglietti F, Antinori A, Nicastri E, Marchioni L, Palmieri F, Ippolito G, Piacentini M, Agrati C, Fimia GM. Proteomic analysis identifies a signature of disease severity in the plasma of COVID-19 pneumonia patients associated to neutrophil, platelet and complement activation. Clin Proteomics 2022; 19:38. [PMID: 36348270 PMCID: PMC9641302 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-022-09377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 display mild symptoms with good prognosis, while 20% of patients suffer from severe viral pneumonia and up to 5% may require intensive care unit (ICU) admission due to severe acute respiratory syndrome, which could be accompanied by multiorgan failure.Plasma proteomics provide valuable and unbiased information about disease progression and therapeutic candidates. Recent proteomic studies have identified molecular changes in plasma of COVID-19 patients that implied significant dysregulation of several aspects of the inflammatory response accompanied by a general metabolic suppression. However, which of these plasma alterations are associated with disease severity remains only partly characterized.A known limitation of proteomic studies of plasma samples is the large difference in the macromolecule abundance, with concentration spanning at least 10 orders of magnitude. To improve the coverage of plasma contents, we performed a deep proteomic analysis of plasma from 10 COVID-19 patients with severe/fatal pneumonia compared to 10 COVID-19 patients with pneumonia who did not require ICU admission (non-ICU). To this aim, plasma samples were first depleted of the most abundant proteins, trypsin digested and peptides subjected to a high pH reversed-phase peptide fractionation before LC-MS analysis.These results highlighted an increase of proteins involved in neutrophil and platelet activity and acute phase response, which is significantly higher in severe/fatal COVID-19 patients when compared to non-ICU ones. Importantly, these changes are associated with a selective induction of complement cascade factors in severe/fatal COVID-19 patients. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD036491. Among these alterations, we confirmed by ELISA that higher levels of the neutrophil granule proteins DEFA3 and LCN2 are present in COVID-19 patients requiring ICU admission when compared to non-ICU and healthy donors.Altogether, our study provided an in-depth view of plasma proteome changes that occur in COVID-19 patients in relation to disease severity, which can be helpful to identify therapeutic strategies to improve the disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Ciccosanti
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Antonioli
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sacchi
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Notari
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Farina
- Infectious Disease-Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Beccacece
- Infectious Disease-Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Marisa Fusto
- Infectious Disease-Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vergori
- Infectious Disease-Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Gianpiero D'Offizi
- Infectious Disease-Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Taglietti
- Infectious Disease-Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Antinori
- Infectious Disease-Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nicastri
- Infectious Disease-Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Marchioni
- Infectious Disease-Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Palmieri
- Infectious Disease-Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- General Directorate for Research and Health Innovation, Italian Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Agrati
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy.
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
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20
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Charlie-Silva I, Feitosa NM, Pontes LG, Fernandes BH, Nóbrega RH, Gomes JMM, Prata MNL, Ferraris FK, Melo DC, Conde G, Rodrigues LF, Aracati MF, Corrêa-Junior JD, Manrique WG, Superio J, Garcez AS, Conceição K, Yoshimura TM, Núñez SC, Eto SF, Fernandes DC, Freitas AZ, Ribeiro MS, Nedoluzhko A, Lopes-Ferreira M, Borra RC, Barcellos LJG, Perez AC, Malafaia G, Cunha TM, Belo MAA, Galindo-Villegas J. Plasma proteome responses in zebrafish following λ-carrageenan-Induced inflammation are mediated by PMN leukocytes and correlate highly with their human counterparts. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1019201. [PMID: 36248846 PMCID: PMC9559376 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1019201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of inflammation is a critical process for maintaining physiological homeostasis. The λ-carrageenan (λ-CGN) is a mucopolysaccharide extracted from the cell wall of red algae (Chondrus crispus) capable of inducing acute intestinal inflammation, which is translated into the production of acute phase reactants secreted into the blood circulation. However, the associated mechanisms in vertebrates are not well understood. Here, we investigated the crucial factors behind the inflammatory milieu of λ-CGN-mediated inflammation administered at 0, 1.75, and 3.5% (v/w) by i.p. injection into the peritoneal cavity of adult zebrafish (ZF) (Danio rerio). We found that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) and lymphocytes infiltrating the ZF peritoneal cavity had short-term persistence. Nevertheless, they generate a strong pattern of inflammation that affects systemically and is enough to produce edema in the cavity. Consistent with these findings, cell infiltration, which causes notable tissue changes, resulted in the overexpression of several acute inflammatory markers at the protein level. Using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography followed by a hybrid linear ion-trap mass spectrometry shotgun proteomic approach, we identified 2938 plasma proteins among the animals injected with PBS and 3.5% λ-CGN. First, the bioinformatic analysis revealed the composition of the plasma proteome. Interestingly, 72 commonly expressed proteins were recorded among the treated and control groups, but, surprisingly, 2830 novel proteins were differentially expressed exclusively in the λ-CGN-induced group. Furthermore, from the commonly expressed proteins, compared to the control group 62 proteins got a significant (p < 0.05) upregulation in the λ-CGN-treated group, while the remaining ten proteins were downregulated. Next, we obtained the major protein-protein interaction networks between hub protein clusters in the blood plasma of the λ-CGN induced group. Moreover, to understand the molecular underpinnings of these effects based on the unveiled protein sets, we performed a bioinformatic structural similarity analysis and generated overlapping 3D reconstructions between ZF and humans during acute inflammation. Biological pathway analysis pointed to the activation and abundance of diverse classical immune and acute phase reactants, several catalytic enzymes, and varied proteins supporting the immune response. Together, this information can be used for testing and finding novel pharmacological targets to treat human intestinal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natália M. Feitosa
- Integrated Laboratory of Translational Bioscience, Institute of Biodiversity and Sustainability, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca H. Fernandes
- Laboratório de Controle Genético e Sanitário, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael H. Nóbrega
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana M. M. Gomes
- Transplantation Immunobiology Lab, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana N. L. Prata
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de CiênciasBiomédicas-Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (ICB-UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fausto K. Ferraris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela C. Melo
- Laboratory of Zebrafish from Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Conde
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia F. Rodrigues
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayumi F. Aracati
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José D. Corrêa-Junior
- Department of Morphology, Instituto de CiênciasBiomédicas-Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (ICB-UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Wilson G. Manrique
- Veterinary College, Federal University of Rondonia, Rolim de Moura, Brazil
| | - Joshua Superio
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Katia Conceição
- Peptide Biochemistry Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Tania M. Yoshimura
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Instituto de PesquisasEnergéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia C. Núñez
- University Brazil, São Paulo, Brazil
- University Brazil, Descalvado, Brazil
| | - Silas F. Eto
- Development and Innovation Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Development, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dayanne C. Fernandes
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Z. Freitas
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Instituto de PesquisasEnergéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martha S. Ribeiro
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Instituto de PesquisasEnergéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Artem Nedoluzhko
- Paleogenomics Laboratory, European University at Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Ricardo C. Borra
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo J. G. Barcellos
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Bioexperimentation. University of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andrea C. Perez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilheme Malafaia
- Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. Cunha
- Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco A. A. Belo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
- University Brazil, São Paulo, Brazil
- University Brazil, Descalvado, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marco A. A. Belo, ; Jorge Galindo-Villegas,
| | - Jorge Galindo-Villegas
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
- *Correspondence: Marco A. A. Belo, ; Jorge Galindo-Villegas,
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21
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Smith CJ, Ross N, Kamal A, Kim KY, Kropf E, Deschatelets P, Francois C, Quinn WJ, Singh I, Majowicz A, Mingozzi F, Kuranda K. Pre-existing humoral immunity and complement pathway contribute to immunogenicity of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector in human blood. Front Immunol 2022; 13:999021. [PMID: 36189251 PMCID: PMC9523746 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.999021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AAV gene transfer is a promising treatment for many patients with life-threatening genetic diseases. However, host immune response to the vector poses a significant challenge for the durability and safety of AAV-mediated gene therapy. Here, we characterize the innate immune response to AAV in human whole blood. We identified neutrophils, monocyte-related dendritic cells, and monocytes as the most prevalent cell subsets able to internalize AAV particles, while conventional dendritic cells were the most activated in terms of the CD86 co-stimulatory molecule upregulation. Although low titers (≤1:10) of AAV neutralizing antibodies (NAb) in blood did not have profound effects on the innate immune response to AAV, higher NAb titers (≥1:100) significantly increased pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine secretion, vector uptake by antigen presenting cells (APCs) and complement activation. Interestingly, both full and empty viral particles were equally potent in inducing complement activation and cytokine secretion. By using a compstatin-based C3 and C3b inhibitor, APL-9, we demonstrated that complement pathway inhibition lowered CD86 levels on APCs, AAV uptake, and cytokine/chemokine secretion in response to AAV. Together these results suggest that the pre-existing humoral immunity to AAV may contribute to trigger adverse immune responses observed in AAV-based gene therapy, and that blockade of complement pathway may warrant further investigation as a potential strategy for decreasing immunogenicity of AAV-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne J. Smith
- Immunology Department, Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nikki Ross
- Immunology Department, Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ali Kamal
- Immunology Department, Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kevin Y. Kim
- Immunology Department, Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Kropf
- Immunology Department, Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Cedric Francois
- Research Department, Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - William J. Quinn
- Immunology Department, Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Inderpal Singh
- Immunology Department, Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anna Majowicz
- Immunology Department, Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Federico Mingozzi
- Immunology Department, Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Klaudia Kuranda
- Immunology Department, Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Klaudia Kuranda,
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22
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Neutrophils activated by membrane attack complexes increase the permeability of melanoma blood vessels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122716119. [PMID: 35960843 PMCID: PMC9388087 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122716119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell dissemination is the seed for metastasis and adversely linked to patients’ benefit. Critical for hematogenous dissemination is the entrance of the cancer cell into the circulation, which is regulated by vascular permeability within the primary tumor. Here, we describe pathophysiological communication between endothelial cells, tumor infiltrating neutrophils, and the complement system, with implications for vascular barrier opening and melanoma cell dissemination. Experiments in complement-deficient animals indicate that interference with complement-mediated activation of neutrophils stabilizes blood vessel integrity and abolishes the systemic spread of melanoma cells. The microenvironment of malignant melanomas defines the properties of tumor blood vessels and regulates infiltration and vascular dissemination of immune and cancer cells, respectively. Previous research in other cancer entities suggested the complement system as an essential part of the tumor microenvironment. Here, we confirm activation of the complement system in samples of melanoma patients and murine melanomas. We identified the tumor endothelium as the starting point of the complement cascade. Generation of complement-derived C5a promoted the recruitment of neutrophils. Upon contact with the vascular endothelium, neutrophils were further activated by complement membrane attack complexes (MACs). MAC-activated neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Close to the blood vessel wall, NETs opened the endothelial barrier as indicated by an enhanced vascular leakage. This facilitated the entrance of melanoma cells into the circulation and their systemic spread. Depletion of neutrophils or lack of MAC formation in complement component 6 (C6)–deficient animals protected the vascular endothelium and prevented vascular intravasation of melanoma cells. Our data suggest that inhibition of MAC-mediated neutrophil activation is a potent strategy to abolish hematogenous dissemination in melanoma.
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23
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Yang X, Zheng E, Chatterjee V, Ma Y, Reynolds A, Villalba N, Wu MH, Yuan SY. Protein palmitoylation regulates extracellular vesicle production and function in sepsis. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e50. [PMID: 38419739 PMCID: PMC10901530 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are bioactive membrane-encapsulated particles generated by a series of events involving membrane budding, fission and fusion. Palmitoylation, mediated by DHHC palmitoyl acyltransferases, is a lipidation reaction that increases protein lipophilicity and membrane localization. Here, we report palmitoylation as a novel regulator of EV formation and function during sepsis. Our results showed significantly decreased circulating EVs in mice with DHHC21 functional deficiency (Zdhhc21dep/dep), compared to wild-type (WT) mice 24 h after septic injury. Furthermore, WT and Zdhhc21dep/dep EVs displayed distinct palmitoyl-proteomic profiles. Ingenuity pathway analysis indicated that sepsis altered several inflammation related pathways expressed in EVs, among which the most significantly activated was the complement pathway; however, this sepsis-induced complement enrichment in EVs was greatly blunted in Zdhhc21dep/dep EVs. Functionally, EVs isolated from WT mice with sepsis promoted neutrophil adhesion, transmigration, and neutrophil extracellular trap production; these effects were significantly attenuated by DHHC21 loss-of-function. Furthermore, Zdhhc21dep/dep mice displayed reduced neutrophil infiltration in lungs and improved survival after CLP challenges. These findings indicate that blocking palmitoylation via DHHC21 functional deficiency can reduce sepsis-stimulated production of complement-enriched EVs and attenuates their effects on neutrophil activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of South Florida Morsani College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Ethan Zheng
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of South Florida Morsani College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Victor Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of South Florida Morsani College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of South Florida Morsani College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Amanda Reynolds
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of South Florida Morsani College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Nuria Villalba
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of South Florida Morsani College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Mack H. Wu
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of South Florida Morsani College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Sarah Y. Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of South Florida Morsani College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of South Florida Morsani College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
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24
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Kimoto Y, Horiuchi T. The Complement System and ANCA Associated Vasculitis in the Era of Anti-Complement Drugs. Front Immunol 2022; 13:926044. [PMID: 35812453 PMCID: PMC9260009 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.926044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ANCA (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is the condition in which ANCA, as an autoantibody, is associated with the pathogenesis of vasculitis in small blood vessels, mainly in the ear, nose, throat, kidney, lung, and nerves. These diseases are important because they can be fatal due to renal failure and pulmonary hemorrhage if not promptly and appropriately treated. Recently accumulated evidence has shown that C5a produced by the complement alternative pathway primes neutrophils, which in turn activate the complement alternative pathway, leading to the pathogenesis of AAV. Avacopan (CCX168), a C5aR antagonist was shown to be effective against AAV, and it has been a novel therapeutic option, becoming a novel anti-complement drug to modulate inflammatory diseases.
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25
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Meuleman MS, Duval A, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Roumenina LT, Chauvet S. Ex Vivo Test for Measuring Complement Attack on Endothelial Cells: From Research to Bedside. Front Immunol 2022; 13:860689. [PMID: 35493497 PMCID: PMC9041553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.860689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of the innate immune system, the complement system plays a key role in defense against pathogens and in host cell homeostasis. This enzymatic cascade is rapidly triggered in the presence of activating surfaces. Physiologically, it is tightly regulated on host cells to avoid uncontrolled activation and self-damage. In cases of abnormal complement dysregulation/overactivation, the endothelium is one of the primary targets. Complement has gained momentum as a research interest in the last decade because its dysregulation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of many human diseases. Thus, it appears to be a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention. However, detecting abnormal complement activation is challenging. In many pathological conditions, complement activation occurs locally in tissues. Standard routine exploration of the plasma concentration of the complement components shows values in the normal range. The available tests to demonstrate such dysregulation with diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications are limited. There is a real need to develop tools to demonstrate the implications of complement in diseases and to explore the complex interplay between complement activation and regulation on human cells. The analysis of complement deposits on cultured endothelial cells incubated with pathologic human serum holds promise as a reference assay. This ex vivo assay most closely resembles the physiological context. It has been used to explore complement activation from sera of patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, malignant hypertension, elevated liver enzymes low platelet syndrome, sickle cell disease, pre-eclampsia, and others. In some cases, it is used to adjust the therapeutic regimen with a complement-blocking drug. Nevertheless, an international standard is lacking, and the mechanism by which complement is activated in this assay is not fully understood. Moreover, primary cell culture remains difficult to perform, which probably explains why no standardized or commercialized assay has been proposed. Here, we review the diseases for which endothelial assays have been applied. We also compare this test with others currently available to explore complement overactivation. Finally, we discuss the unanswered questions and challenges to overcome for validating the assays as a tool in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Sophie Meuleman
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anna Duval
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Lubka T Roumenina
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Chauvet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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26
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Hollenhorst MI, Nandigama R, Evers SB, Gamayun I, Abdel Wadood N, Salah A, Pieper M, Wyatt A, Stukalov A, Gebhardt A, Nadolni W, Burow W, Herr C, Beisswenger C, Kusumakshi S, Ectors F, Kichko TI, Hübner L, Reeh P, Munder A, Wienhold SM, Witzenrath M, Bals R, Flockerzi V, Gudermann T, Bischoff M, Lipp P, Zierler S, Chubanov V, Pichlmair A, König P, Boehm U, Krasteva-Christ G. Bitter taste signaling in tracheal epithelial brush cells elicits innate immune responses to bacterial infection. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:150951. [PMID: 35503420 PMCID: PMC9246383 DOI: 10.1172/jci150951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Constant exposure of the airways to inhaled pathogens requires efficient early immune responses protecting against infections. How bacteria on the epithelial surface are detected and first-line protective mechanisms are initiated are not well understood. We have recently shown that tracheal brush cells (BCs) express functional taste receptors. Here we report that bitter taste signaling in murine BCs induces neurogenic inflammation. We demonstrate that BC signaling stimulates adjacent sensory nerve endings in the trachea to release the neuropeptides CGRP and substance P that mediate plasma extravasation, neutrophil recruitment, and diapedesis. Moreover, we show that bitter tasting quorum-sensing molecules from Pseudomonas aeruginosa activate tracheal BCs. BC signaling depends on the key taste transduction gene Trpm5, triggers secretion of immune mediators, among them the most abundant member of the complement system, and is needed to combat P. aeruginosa infections. Our data provide functional insight into first-line defense mechanisms against bacterial infections of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajender Nandigama
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Saskia B Evers
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Igor Gamayun
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Noran Abdel Wadood
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Alaa Salah
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Mario Pieper
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Amanda Wyatt
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Alexey Stukalov
- Immunopathology of Virus Infection Laboratory, Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Gebhardt
- Immunopathology of Virus Infection Laboratory, Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wiebke Nadolni
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Wera Burow
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Soumya Kusumakshi
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Fabien Ectors
- FARAH Mammalian Transgenics Platform, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Tatjana I Kichko
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Hübner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Reeh
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antje Munder
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra-Maria Wienhold
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Peter Lipp
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Susanna Zierler
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Vladimir Chubanov
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Pichlmair
- Immunopathology of Virus Infection Laboratory, Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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27
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Riedl Khursigara M, Matsuda-Abedini M, Radhakrishnan S, Hladunewich MA, Lemaire M, Teoh CW, Noone D, Licht C. A Guide for Adult Nephrologists and Hematologists to Managing Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and C3 Glomerulopathy in Teens Transitioning to Young Adults. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2022; 29:231-242. [PMID: 36084970 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and C3 glomerulopathy/immune complex membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis are ultra-rare chronic, complement-mediated diseases with childhood manifestation in a majority of cases. Transition of clinical care of patients from pediatric to adult nephrologists-typically with controlled disease in native or transplant kidneys in case of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and often with chronic progressive disease despite treatment efforts in case of C3 glomerulopathy/immune complex membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis-identifies a challenging juncture in the journey of these patients. Raising awareness for the vulnerability of this patient cohort; providing education on disease pathophysiology and management including the use of new, high-precision complement antagonists; and establishing an ongoing dialog of patients, families, and all members of the health care team involved on either side of the age divide will be inevitable to ensure optimal patient outcomes and a safe transition of these patients to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mina Matsuda-Abedini
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Seetha Radhakrishnan
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle A Hladunewich
- Division of Nephrology and Obstetric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lemaire
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chia Wei Teoh
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Damien Noone
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christoph Licht
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Heal SL, Hardy LJ, Wilson CL, Ali M, Ariëns RAS, Foster R, Philippou H. Novel interaction of properdin and coagulation factor XI: Crosstalk between complement and coagulation. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022; 6:e12715. [PMID: 35647477 PMCID: PMC9130567 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence of crosstalk between the complement and coagulation cascades exists, and dysregulation of either pathway can lead to serious thromboinflammatory events. Both the intrinsic pathway of coagulation and the alternative pathway of complement interact with anionic surfaces, such as glycosaminoglycans. Hitherto, there is no evidence for a direct interaction of properdin (factor P [FP]), the only known positive regulator of complement, with coagulation factor XI (FXI) or activated FXI (FXIa). Objectives The aim was to investigate crosstalk between FP and the intrinsic pathway and the potential downstream consequences. Methods Chromogenic assays were established to characterize autoactivation of FXI in the presence of dextran sulfate (DXS), enzyme kinetics of FXIa, and the downstream effects of FP on intrinsic pathway activity. Substrate specificity changes were investigated using SDS-PAGE and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to determine direct binding between FP and FXIa. Results/Conclusions We identified a novel interaction of FP with FXIa resulting in functional consequences. FP reduces activity of autoactivated FXIa toward S-2288. FXIa can cleave FP in the presence of DXS, demonstrated using SDS-PAGE, and confirmed by LC-MS. FXIa can cleave factor IX (FIX) and FP in the presence of DXS, determined by SDS-PAGE. DXS alone modulates FXIa activity, and this effect is further modulated by FP. We demonstrate that FXI and FXIa bind to FP with high affinity. Furthermore, FX activation downstream of FXIa cleavage of FIX is modulated by FP. These findings suggest a novel intercommunication between complement and coagulation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Heal
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Lewis J. Hardy
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Clare L. Wilson
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Majid Ali
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Robert A. S. Ariëns
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | | | - Helen Philippou
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
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A targetable ‘rogue’ neutrophil-subset, [CD11b+DEspR+] immunotype, is associated with severity and mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and COVID-19-ARDS. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5583. [PMID: 35379853 PMCID: PMC8977568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil-mediated secondary tissue injury underlies acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and progression to multi-organ-failure (MOF) and death, processes linked to COVID-19-ARDS. This secondary tissue injury arises from dysregulated neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) intended to kill pathogens, but instead cause cell-injury. Insufficiency of pleiotropic therapeutic approaches delineate the need for inhibitors of dysregulated neutrophil-subset(s) that induce subset-specific apoptosis critical for neutrophil function-shutdown. We hypothesized that neutrophils expressing the pro-survival dual endothelin-1/VEGF-signal peptide receptor, DEspR, are apoptosis-resistant like DEspR+ cancer-cells, hence comprise a consequential pathogenic neutrophil-subset in ARDS and COVID-19-ARDS. Here, we report the significant association of increased peripheral DEspR+CD11b+ neutrophil-counts with severity and mortality in ARDS and COVID-19-ARDS, and intravascular NET-formation, in contrast to DEspR[-] neutrophils. We detect DEspR+ neutrophils and monocytes in lung tissue patients in ARDS and COVID-19-ARDS, and increased neutrophil RNA-levels of DEspR ligands and modulators in COVID-19-ARDS scRNA-seq data-files. Unlike DEspR[-] neutrophils, DEspR+CD11b+ neutrophils exhibit delayed apoptosis, which is blocked by humanized anti-DEspR-IgG4S228P antibody, hu6g8, in ex vivo assays. Ex vivo live-cell imaging of Rhesus-derived DEspR+CD11b+ neutrophils showed hu6g8 target-engagement, internalization, and induction of apoptosis. Altogether, data identify DEspR+CD11b+ neutrophils as a targetable ‘rogue’ neutrophil-subset associated with severity and mortality in ARDS and COVID-19-ARDS.
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Fakhouri F, Schwotzer N, Golshayan D, Frémeaux-Bacchi V. The rational use of complement inhibitors in kidney diseases. Kidney Int Rep 2022; 7:1165-1178. [PMID: 35685323 PMCID: PMC9171628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of complement inhibitors represented one of the major breakthroughs in clinical nephrology in the last decade. Complement inhibition has dramatically transformed the outcome of one of the most severe kidney diseases, the atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), a prototypic complement-mediated disorder. The availability of complement inhibitors has also opened new promising perspectives for the management of several other kidney diseases in which complement activation is involved to a variable extent. With the rapidly growing number of complement inhibitors tested in a rapidly increasing number of indications, a rational use of this innovative and expensive new therapeutic class has become crucial. The present review aims to summarize what we know, and what we still ignore, regarding complement activation and therapeutic inhibition in kidney diseases. It also provides some clues and elements of thoughts for a rational approach of complement modulation in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Fakhouri
- Service de Néphrologie et d'hypertension, Département de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence: Fadi Fakhouri, Service de Néphrologie et d'hypertension, Département de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nora Schwotzer
- Service de Néphrologie et d'hypertension, Département de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Déla Golshayan
- Centre de Transplantation d'organes, Département de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Véronique Frémeaux-Bacchi
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Immunologie, Paris University, Paris, France
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Ha DY, Jung JS, Choi GH, Ji S. Polarization of human gingival fibroblasts by Th1-, Th2-, Th17-, and Treg-derived cytokines. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:487-501. [PMID: 35212397 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether gingival fibroblasts (GFs) can be differently activated and polarized into distinct functional subtypes by T-helper (Th) cytokines. METHODS Gingival fibroblasts were stimulated with interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-17, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, representative cytokines of Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells, respectively, and the gene expression profiles were analyzed by microarray. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GFs stimulated by 4 cytokines were screened, and a gene ontology (GO) analysis of the DEGs was conducted. To confirm the reliability of the microarray results, the DEGs that showed the largest differences compared with non-stimulated GFs were further analyzed by RT-PCR. To evaluate the effect of polarization on GFs responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), GFs stimulated by 4 cytokines were further stimulated with Escherichia coli LPS and mRNA levels of several genes were analyzed using RT-PCR. RESULTS Differentially expressed genes by 4 Th cytokines were enriched in different GO terms, and the patterns of gene expression on GFs were shown functionally different. GFs stimulated with IFN-γ (GF(IFN-γ)) up-regulated the expression of chemokines (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)9, -10, -11, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)8), molecules involved in antigen presentation, complement component 3 (C3), and other immune response-related molecules, whereas they down-regulated the expression of several types of collagen, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and DNA replication and nuclear protein-related molecules. By contrast, GF(IL-4) up-regulated the expression of ECM components, cell adhesion molecules, and tissue development-related molecules and down-regulated the expression of chemokines (CXCL10 and CXCL8) and adaptive immune response-related molecules. GF(IL-17) up-regulated the expression of chemokines and other molecules for neutrophil infiltration and activation, the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, and C3. GF(TGF-β) up-regulated the expression of cell growth-related molecules, ECM components, several types of collagen, and cell adhesion molecules and down-regulated the expression of molecules related to complement activation and bacterial recognition. GFs stimulated by 4 cytokines responded differently to LPS. CONCLUSION These results show that Th cytokines can polarize GFs into cells with functionally distinct features: immune-activating but tissue-destructive GF(IFN-γ), tissue-reparative, and immune-inhibiting GF(IL-4), highly pro-inflammatory GF(IL-17), and potent tissue-reparative GF(TGF-β).
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Ha
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Jung
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Geum Hee Choi
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Suk Ji
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Sciascia S, Ponticelli C, Roccatello D. Pathogenesis-based new perspectives of management of ANCA-associated vasculitis. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 21:103030. [PMID: 34971805 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.103030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While the pathogenesis of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody associated vasculitis (AAV) is still not fully elucidated, there is a mounting evidence that it is initiated by inflammation and activation of innate immunity in the presence of predisposing factors, innate immunity, aberrant responses of the adaptive immune system, and complement system activation. Biologics targeting inflammation-related molecules in the immune system have been explored to treat AVV, and these treatments have provided revolutionary advances. When focusing on the pathogenic mechanisms of AVV, this review presents the new findings regarding novel therapeutic approaches for the management of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savino Sciascia
- CMID-Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (ERK-net Member), Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases- Coordinating Center of the Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin and S. Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Dario Roccatello
- CMID-Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (ERK-net Member), Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases- Coordinating Center of the Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin and S. Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, Turin, Italy.
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Swan D, Carrier M, Lisman T, Thachil J. Heparin - Messias or Verschlimmbesserung? J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:2373-2382. [PMID: 34272818 PMCID: PMC9906358 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A heightened risk of thrombosis noted early on with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection led to the widespread use of heparin anticoagulation in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, reports soon started appearing in the literature where an apparent failure of heparin to prevent thrombotic events was observed in hospitalized patients with this viral infection. In this review, we explore the likely mechanisms for heparin failure with particular relevance to COVID-19. We also explore the role of anti-Xa assays and global hemostatic tests in this context. The current controversy of dosing heparin in this disease is detailed with some possible mechanistic reasons for anticoagulant failure. We hope that lessons learnt from the use of heparin in COVID-19 could assist us in the appropriate use of this anticoagulant in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Swan
- Department of Haematology, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marc Carrier
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ton Lisman
- Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jecko Thachil
- Department of Haematology, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Abaricia JO, Farzad N, Heath TJ, Simmons J, Morandini L, Olivares-Navarrete R. Control of innate immune response by biomaterial surface topography, energy, and stiffness. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:58-73. [PMID: 33882355 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As the focus of implantable biomaterials has shifted from bioinert implants to bioactive designs, recent research has highlighted the complex interactions between cell physiologic systems and material properties, particularly physical cues. From the cells known to interact with implanted biomaterials, the response of the immune system has been a critical target of study recently. Here, we review studies characterizing the response of innate immune cells to various material cues, particularly of those at the surface of implanted materials.The innate immune system consists of cell types with various roles in inflammation. Neutrophils and macrophages serve both phagocytic and signaling roles, especially early in the inflammatory phase of biomaterial implantation. These cell types ultimately dictate the outcome of implants as chronic inflammation, fibrosis, or integration. Other cell types like dendritic cells, mast cells, natural killer cells, and innate lymphoid cells may also serve an immunomodulatory role in the biomaterial context. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the role of innate immunity in the response to implantable biomaterials as well as key mechanobiological findings in innate immune cells underpinning these advances. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of the role of innate immunity in the response to implantable biomaterials, especially in neutrophils and macrophages, as well as key mechanobiological findings in innate immune cells underpinning these advances. Here we discuss how physicochemical properties of biomaterials control innate immune cell behavior.
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35
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Tomerak S, Khan S, Almasri M, Hussein R, Abdelati A, Aly A, Salameh MA, Saed Aldien A, Naveed H, Elshazly MB, Zakaria D. Systemic inflammation in COVID‐19 patients may induce various types of venous and arterial thrombosis: A systematic review. Scand J Immunol 2021; 94:e13097. [PMID: 34940978 PMCID: PMC8646950 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID‐19 is a global pandemic with a daily increasing number of affected individuals. Thrombosis is a severe complication of COVID‐19 that leads to a worse clinical course with higher rates of mortality. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that hyperinflammation plays a crucial role in disease progression. This review compiles clinical data of COVID‐19 patients who developed thrombotic complications to investigate the possible role of hyperinflammation in inducing hypercoagulation. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Medline and Scopus to identify relevant clinical studies that investigated thrombotic manifestations and reported inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers in COVID‐19 patients. Only 54 studies met our inclusion criteria, the majority of which demonstrated significantly elevated inflammatory markers. In the cohort studies with control, D‐dimer was significantly higher in COVID‐19 patients with thrombosis as compared to the control. Pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis and strokes were frequently reported which could be attributed to the hyperinflammatory response associated with COVID‐19 and/or to the direct viral activation of platelets and endothelial cells, two mechanisms that are discussed in this review. It is recommended that all admitted COVID‐19 patients should be assessed for hypercoagulation. Furthermore, several studies have suggested that anticoagulation may be beneficial, especially in hospitalized non‐ICU patients. Although vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 have been approved and distributed in several countries, research should continue in the field of prevention and treatment of COVID‐19 and its severe complications including thrombosis due to the emergence of new variants against which the efficacy of the vaccines is not yet clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tomerak
- Weill Cornell Medicine QatarQatar Foundation Doha Qatar
| | - Safah Khan
- Weill Cornell Medicine QatarQatar Foundation Doha Qatar
| | - Muna Almasri
- Weill Cornell Medicine QatarQatar Foundation Doha Qatar
| | - Rawan Hussein
- Weill Cornell Medicine QatarQatar Foundation Doha Qatar
| | - Ali Abdelati
- Weill Cornell Medicine QatarQatar Foundation Doha Qatar
| | - Ahmed Aly
- Weill Cornell Medicine QatarQatar Foundation Doha Qatar
| | | | | | - Hiba Naveed
- Weill Cornell Medicine QatarQatar Foundation Doha Qatar
| | | | - Dalia Zakaria
- Weill Cornell Medicine QatarQatar Foundation Doha Qatar
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Lionaki S, Marinaki S, Liapis G, Kalaitzakis E, Fragkioudaki S, Kalogeropoulos P, Michelakis I, Goules A, Tzioufas AG, Boletis JN. Hypocomplementemia at Diagnosis of Pauci-immune Glomerulonephritis Is Associated With Advanced Histopathological Activity Index and High Probability of Treatment Resistance. Kidney Int Rep 2021; 6:2425-2435. [PMID: 34514203 PMCID: PMC8418949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent evidence suggests that complement activation is important in the pathogenesis of pauci-immune (PI) vasculitis. This is a retrospective investigation of the frequency of hypocomplementemia at pauci-immune glomerulonephritis (PIGN) diagnosis, in relation to vasculitic manifestations, renal histopathology, and treatment outcomes. Methods A total of 115 patients with biopsy-proven PIGN were categorized based on their serum complement C3 (sC3). Histopathology evaluation included activity and chronicity indexes. The primary outcome of interest was treatment resistance, defined as a progressive decline in kidney function, with persistently active urine sediment, leading to dialysis dependency or vasculitis-related death. Results In all, 20.9% of patients had low sC3 levels associated with more advanced renal impairment (P < 0.01), requiring acute dialysis (P < 0.01) more frequently compared to patients with normal sC3. Within 1 year, 85.7% of patients with normal sC3 responded to therapy, versus 58.3% of those with low sC3 (P = 0.001). The probability of treatment resistance was strongly associated with low sC3 (P = 0.004), high serum creatinine (P < 0.001), acute dialysis requirement (P < 0.001), and high histopathological score of chronicity (P < 0.01). Advanced histopathological activity was related to more intense interstitial leukocyte infiltration (P = 0.005) and higher likelihood of fibrinoid necrosis documentation in a vessel wall (P = 0.02). The probability of treatment resistance was higher in patients with low sC3 (odds ratio [OR] = 6.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47-28.35, P = 0.013), oliguria (OR = 29.57, 95% CI = 4.74-184, P < 0.0001), and high chronicity score (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.23-2.54, P = 0.002). Conclusion Low sC3 is emerging as an independent predictor of treatment resistance in patients with PIGN associated with higher index of histopathological activity at diagnosis compared to normal sC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Lionaki
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Unit, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Correspondence to: Sophia Lionaki, Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Unit, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Agiou Thoma 17, Athens 11527, Greece.
| | - Smaragdi Marinaki
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Unit, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Liapis
- 1 Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Kalaitzakis
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Unit, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Fragkioudaki
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Unit, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Kalogeropoulos
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Unit, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Michelakis
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Unit, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Goules
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G. Tzioufas
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - John N. Boletis
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Unit, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Herrera VLM, Walkey AJ, Nguyen MQ, Gromisch CM, Mosaddhegi JZ, Gromisch MS, Jundi B, Lukassen S, Carstensen S, Denis R, Belkina AC, Baron RM, Pinilla-Vera M, Muller M, Kimberly WT, Goldstein JN, Lehmann I, Shih AR, Ells R, Levy BD, Rulz-Opazo N. Increased Neutrophil-Subset Associated With Severity/Mortality In ARDS And COVID19-ARDS Expresses The Dual Endothelin-1/VEGFsignal-Peptide Receptor (DEspR): An Actionable Therapeutic Target. RESEARCH SQUARE 2021:rs.3.rs-846250. [PMID: 34545358 PMCID: PMC8452107 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-846250/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil-mediated secondary tissue injury underlies acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and progression to multi-organ-failure (MOF) and death, processes linked to severe COVID19. This 'innocent bystander' tissue injury arises in dysregulated hyperinflammatory states from neutrophil functions and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) intended to kill pathogens, but injure cells instead, causing MOF. Insufficiency of prior therapeutic approaches suggest need to identify dysregulated neutrophil-subset(s) and induce subset-specific apoptosis critical for neutrophil function-shutdown and clearance. We hypothesized that neutrophils expressing the pro-survival dual endothelin-1/signal peptide receptor, DEspR, are apoptosis-resistant just like DEspR+ cancer cells, hence comprise a consequential pathogenic neutrophil-subset in ARDS and COVID19-ARDS. Here, we report correlation of circulating DEspR+CD11b+ activated neutrophils (DESpR+actNs) and NETosing-neutrophils with severity in ARDS and in COVID19-ARDS, increased DEspR+ neutrophils and monocytes in post-mortem ARDS-patient lung sections, and neutrophil DEspR/ET1 receptor/ligand autocrine loops in severe COVID19. Unlike DEspR[-] neutrophils, ARDS patient DEspR+actNs exhibit apoptosis-resistance, which decreased upon ex vivo treatment with humanized anti-DEspR-IgG4S228P antibody, hu6g8. Ex vivo live-cell imaging of non-human primate DEspR+actNs showed hu6g8 target-engagement, internalization, and induction of apoptosis. Altogether, data differentiate DEspR+actNs as a targetable neutrophil-subset associated with ARDS and COVID19-ARDS severity, and suggest DEspR-inhibition as a potential therapeutic paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bakr Jundi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Soeren Lukassen
- Berlin Institute of Health and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Meike Muller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine
| | | | | | - Irina Lehmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH)
| | - Angela R Shih
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Roland Ells
- Berlin Institute of Health and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
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The paraventricular thalamus serves as a nexus in the regulation of stress and immunity. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:36-44. [PMID: 33540073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many temperate zone animals exhibit seasonal rhythms in physiology and behavior, including seasonal cycles of reproduction, energetics, stress responsiveness, and immune function, among many others. These rhythms are driven by seasonal changes in the duration of pineal melatonin secretion. The neural melatonin target tissues that mediate several of these rhythms have been identified, though the target(s) mediating melatonin's regulation of glucocorticoid secretion, immune cell numbers, and bacterial killing capacity remain unspecified. The present results indicate that one melatonin target tissue, the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), is necessary for the expression of these seasonal rhythms. Thus, while radiofrequency ablations of the PVT failed to alter testicular and body mass response to short photoperiod exposure, they did block the effect of short day lengths on cortisol secretion and bacterial killing efficacy. These results are consistent with the independent regulation by separate neural circuits of several physiological traits that vary seasonally in mammals.
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Involvement of Neutrophils in Metastatic Evolution of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112771. [PMID: 34199561 PMCID: PMC8199674 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The neutrophil-to-lymphocytes (NLR) reflects the systemic inflammation. Based on a cohort of 144 patients treated for localized or metastatic well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET), we identified the NLR ≥ 4 to be associated with worse overall survival. Using MCP-Counter on a publicly available pNET RNA-sequencing dataset, we inferred the tumor microenvironment composition of 83 primary pNET and 30 liver metastasis. The neutrophils scores were statistically higher in liver metastasis relative to primary pancreatic tumors (p = 0.005). Gene set enrichment analysis further revealed activation of complement pathway signature in liver metastasis. Through combination of the neutrophil and complement pathway genes, we found that pNET can be classified into two clusters: Neu-Comp1 and Neu-Comp2. Notably, the Neu-Compt1 cluster was enriched in neutrophils and complement pathway signatures and was associated with liver metastasis. These data offer new insights into the role of inflammatory factors in the metastatic progression of the pNET. Abstract Well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) have an unpredictable natural history. The identification of both blood and tumor immune features associated with patients’ outcomes remains limited. Herein, we evaluated the best prognostic value of the neutrophils-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in a cohort of 144 pNETs. The NLR ≥ 4 was associated with worse overall survival in both univariate analysis (HR = 3.53, CI95% = 1.50–8.31, p = 0.004) and multivariate analysis (HR = 2.57, CI95% = 1.061–6.216, p = 0.036). The presence of synchronous liver metastasis was identified as a prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (HR = 3.35, CI95% = 1.411–7.973, p = 0.006). Interestingly, the absolute tumor-associated neutrophils count was higher in liver metastasis as compared to their paired primary tumor (p = 0.048). Deconvolution of immune cells from the transcriptome of 83 primary tumors and 30 liver metastases reveals enrichment for neutrophils in metastasis relative to primary tumors (p = 0.005), and this was associated with upregulation of the complement pathway (NES = 1.84, p < 0.0001). Combining neutrophils signature and complement pathway genes, unsupervised clustering identified two pNETs subgroups, namely Neu-Comp1 and Neu-Comp2. Characterized by neutrophils infiltration and activation of the complement pathway, Neu-Comp1 was highly enriched for metastatic liver samples as compared to Neu-Comp2 (p < 0.0001). These data suggest the possible link between liver metastasis, complement pathway activation, and neutrophils infiltration in well-differentiated pNET and open avenues for targeting complement pathways in these tumors.
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Osman M, Cohen Tervaert JW, Pagnoux C. Avacopan for the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:717-726. [PMID: 34006155 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1932466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasm autoantibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAVs) are a group of rare heterogeneous diseases characterized by blood vessel inflammation resulting in organ destruction and death. Although various treatment strategies have resulted in marked improvement in vasculitis-specific outcomes, many patients with AAV continue to suffer from complications related to the prolonged use of glucocorticoids (GC) such as infections, metabolic abnormalities, and increased cardiovascular morbidity. Recently, activation of the alternative complement pathway has been implicated in the augmentation of the damage caused by AAV via the complement C5a receptor (C5aR1, CD88). Specifically targeting this pathway may lead to improved outcomes in patients with AAV.Areas covered: In this article, we have summarized the rationale for targeting the complement pathway in AAV. The relevant pre-clinical, phase I, II and III findings with emphasis on the efficacy, and safety of avacopan, a new oral competitive inhibitor that interferes with the binding of C5a to C5aR1 (CD88), are reviewed.Expert opinion: These results are encouraging, may led to major changes in the treatment approach for AAV, and give rise to future studies utilizing complement inhibitors in AAV patients, and potentially in other immune mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Osman
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Christian Pagnoux
- Vasculitis Clinic, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Emmons TR, Giridharan T, Singel KL, Khan ANH, Ricciuti J, Howard K, Silva-Del Toro SL, Debreceni IL, Aarts CEM, Brouwer MC, Suzuki S, Kuijpers TW, Jongerius I, Allen LAH, Ferreira VP, Schubart A, Sellner H, Eder J, Holland SM, Ram S, Lederer JA, Eng KH, Moysich KB, Odunsi K, Yaffe MB, Zsiros E, Segal BH. Mechanisms Driving Neutrophil-Induced T-cell Immunoparalysis in Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:790-810. [PMID: 33990375 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
T-cell activation and expansion in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are critical for antitumor immunity. Neutrophils in the TME acquire a complement-dependent T-cell suppressor phenotype that is characterized by inhibition of T-cell proliferation and activation through mechanisms distinct from those of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In this study, we used ascites fluid supernatants (ASC) from patients with ovarian cancer as an authentic component of the TME to evaluate the effects of ASC on neutrophil function and mechanisms for neutrophil-driven immune suppression. ASC prolonged neutrophil life span, decreased neutrophil density, and induced nuclear hypersegmentation. Mass cytometry analysis showed that ASC induced 15 distinct neutrophil clusters. ASC stimulated complement deposition and signaling in neutrophils, resulting in surface mobilization of granule constituents, including NADPH oxidase. NADPH oxidase activation and phosphatidylserine signaling were required for neutrophil suppressor function, although we did not observe a direct role of extracellular reactive oxygen species in inhibiting T-cell proliferation. Postoperative surgical drainage fluid also induced a complement-dependent neutrophil suppressor phenotype, pointing to this effect as a general response to injury. Like circulating lymphocytes, ASC-activated neutrophils caused complement-dependent suppression of tumor-associated lymphocytes. ASC-activated neutrophils adhered to T cells and caused trogocytosis of T-cell membranes. These injury and signaling cues resulted in T-cell immunoparalysis characterized by impaired NFAT translocation, IL2 production, glucose uptake, mitochondrial function, and mTOR activation. Our results demonstrate that complement-dependent priming of neutrophil effector functions in the TME induces a T-cell nonresponsiveness distinct from established checkpoint pathways and identify targets for immunotherapy.See related Spotlight by Cassatella, p. 725.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany R Emmons
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Thejaswini Giridharan
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kelly L Singel
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Anm Nazmul H Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jason Ricciuti
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kaitlyn Howard
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ivy L Debreceni
- Inflammation Program and Immunology Graduate Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Cathelijn E M Aarts
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mieke C Brouwer
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sora Suzuki
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ilse Jongerius
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lee-Ann H Allen
- Inflammation Program, Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Viviana P Ferreira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Anna Schubart
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Holger Sellner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Eder
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sanjay Ram
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - James A Lederer
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin H Eng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.,Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Michael B Yaffe
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Departments of Biological Engineering and Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emese Zsiros
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.,Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Brahm H Segal
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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Katsoulis O, Georgiadou A, Cunnington AJ. Immunopathology of Acute Kidney Injury in Severe Malaria. Front Immunol 2021; 12:651739. [PMID: 33968051 PMCID: PMC8102819 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.651739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common feature of severe malaria, and an independent risk factor for death. Previous research has suggested that an overactivation of the host inflammatory response is at least partly involved in mediating the kidney damage observed in P. falciparum patients with AKI, however the exact pathophysiology of AKI in severe malaria remains unknown. The purpose of this mini-review is to describe how different aspects of malaria pathology, including parasite sequestration, microvascular obstruction and extensive intravascular hemolysis, may interact with each other and contribute to the development of AKI in severe malaria, by amplifying the damaging effects of the host inflammatory response. Here, we highlight the importance of considering how the systemic effects and multi-organ involvement of malaria are intertwined with the localized effects on the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis Katsoulis
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Athina Georgiadou
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aubrey J Cunnington
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Torp CK, Brüner M, Keller KK, Brouwer E, Hauge EM, McGonagle D, Kragstrup TW. Vasculitis therapy refines vasculitis mechanistic classification. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102829. [PMID: 33872767 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The primary vasculitides constitute a heterogeneous group of immune mediated diseases of incompletely understood pathogenesis currently classified by the size of blood vessels affected (Chapel Hill classification). In recent years, several drugs with well-characterized immunological targets have been tested in clinical trials in large vessel vasculitis and small vessel vasculitis. Such trials provide "reverse translational" or bedside to bench information about underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Therefore, the aim of this systematic literature review was to examine the evidence base for a more refined mechanistic immunological classification of vasculitis. A total of 40 studies (20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 16 prospective studies, 1 retrospective cohort study and 3 case series) were included for full qualitative assessment. RCTs concerning biologic therapy for large vessel vasculitis mainly supports interleukin 6 receptor inhibition (tocilizumab). RCTs concerning biologic therapy for granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis mainly support anti-CD20 treatment (rituximab) and complement inhibition with a small molecule C5a receptor antagonist (avacopan) is an emerging treatment option. The biologic treatment of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is centered around interleukin 5 inhibition (mepolizumab). Studies on tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibition (adalimumab, infliximab, and etanercept) showed negative results in giant cell arteritis but some effect in Takayasu arteritis. Taken together, clinical studies with cytokine and cell specific drugs are dissecting the heterogeneous immunopathogenic mechanisms of vasculitis and support a mechanistic immunological classification. Especially, cytokine antagonism is pointing towards immunological distinctions between eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis/microscopic polyangiitis and differences between giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mads Brüner
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Kresten Krarup Keller
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Elisabeth Brouwer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Ellen-Margrethe Hauge
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK.
| | - Tue Wenzel Kragstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Silkeborg, Denmark.
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44
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Cui G, Geng L, Zhu L, Lin Z, Liu X, Miao Z, Jiang J, Feng X, Wei F. CFP is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in Gastric Cancer and Lung Cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:3378-3390. [PMID: 33976747 PMCID: PMC8100816 DOI: 10.7150/jca.50832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement factor properdin (CFP), encodes plasma glycoprotein, is a critical gene that regulates the complement pathway of the innate immune system. However, correlations of CFP in cancers remain unclear. In this study, the expression pattern and prognostic value of CFP in pan-cancer were analyzed via the Oncomine, PrognoScan, GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier plotters. In addition, we used immunohistochemical staining to validate CFP expression in clinical tissue samples. Finally, we evaluated the correlations between CFP and cancer immune infiltrates particularly in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) by using GEPIA and TIMER databases. The results of database analysis and immunohistochemistry showed that the expression level of CFP in STAD and LUAD was lower than that in normal tissues. Low expression level of CFP was associated with poorer overall survival (OS), first progression (FP), post progression survival (PPS) and was detrimental to the prognosis of STAD and LUAD, specifically in stage 3, stage T3, stage N2 and N3 of STAD (P<0.05). Moreover, expression of CFP had significant positive correlations with the infiltration levels of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells (DCs) in STAD and LUAD. Furthermore, gene markers of infiltrating immune cells exhibited different CFP-related immune infiltration patterns such as tumor-associated-macrophages (TAMs). These results suggest that CFP can serve as a prognostic biomarker for determining prognosis and immune infiltration in STAD and LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Cui
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210017, Jiangsu, China
| | - Le Geng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210017, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenyan Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengyue Miao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jintao Jiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoke Feng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Department of Physiology, School of medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
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Muldur S, Ellett F, Marand AL, Marvil C, Branda JA, LeMieux JE, Raff AB, Strle K, Irimia D. Microfluidic Assays for Probing Neutrophil-Borrelia Interactions in Blood During Lyme Disease. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:313-323. [PMID: 33735890 PMCID: PMC8448788 DOI: 10.1159/000513118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophils are highly sensitive to the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), the agent of Lyme disease (LD), in tissues. Although Bb is also found in the blood of LD patients, far less is known about how neutrophils respond to Bb in the presence of blood. In this study, we employed microfluidic tools to probe the interaction between human neutrophils and Bb and measured the activation of human neutrophils in blood samples from patients. We found that neutrophils migrate vigorously toward Bb in the presence of serum, and this process was complement-dependent. Preventing complement factor 5 cleavage or blocking complement receptors decreased neutrophil's ability to interact with Bb. We also found that spiking Bb directly into the blood from healthy donors induced spontaneous neutrophil motility. This response to Bb was also complement-dependent. Preventing complement factor 5 cleavage decreased spontaneous neutrophil motility in Bb-spiked blood. Moreover, we found that neutrophils in blood samples from acute LD patients displayed spontaneous motility patterns similar to those observed in Bb-spiked samples. Neutrophil motility was more robust in blood samples from LD patients than that measured in healthy and ill controls, validating the utility of the microfluidic assay for the study of neutrophil-Bb interactions in the presence of blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Muldur
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Felix Ellett
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anika L Marand
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles Marvil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Emory Medical School, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John A Branda
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob E LeMieux
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam B Raff
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Klemen Strle
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Irimia
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,
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More than a Pore: Nonlytic Antimicrobial Functions of Complement and Bacterial Strategies for Evasion. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2021; 85:85/1/e00177-20. [PMID: 33504655 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00177-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an evolutionarily ancient defense mechanism against foreign substances. Consisting of three proteolytic activation pathways, complement converges on a common effector cascade terminating in the formation of a lytic pore on the target surface. The classical and lectin pathways are initiated by pattern recognition molecules binding to specific ligands, while the alternative pathway is constitutively active at low levels in circulation. Complement-mediated killing is essential for defense against many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, and genetic deficiencies in complement can render individuals highly susceptible to infection, for example, invasive meningococcal disease. In contrast, Gram-positive bacteria are inherently resistant to the direct bactericidal activity of complement due to their thick layer of cell wall peptidoglycan. However, complement also serves diverse roles in immune defense against all bacteria by flagging them for opsonization and killing by professional phagocytes, synergizing with neutrophils, modulating inflammatory responses, regulating T cell development, and cross talk with coagulation cascades. In this review, we discuss newly appreciated roles for complement beyond direct membrane lysis, incorporate nonlytic roles of complement into immunological paradigms of host-pathogen interactions, and identify bacterial strategies for complement evasion.
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Ghosh S, Das S, Mukherjee J, Abdullah S, Mondal R, Sultana S, Sehgal A, Behl T. Enumerating the role of properdin in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy and its possible therapies. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107429. [PMID: 33571820 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgA nephropathy (IgAN) has become the most prevalent form of glomerulonephritis affecting almost 1.3% of the total population worldwide. It is an autoimmune disorder where the host autoantibody forms an immune complex with the defective galactose-deficient IgA1 and gets deposited at the mesangium and endocapillary region of glomeruli. IgA has the capability to activate alternative and lectin complement cascades which even aggravates the condition. Properdin is directly associated with IgAN by activating and stabilising the alternative complement pathway at the mesangium, thereby causing progressive renal damage. OBJECTIVE The present review mainly focuses on correlating the influence of properdin in activating the complement cascade at glomeruli which is the major cause of disease exacerbation. Secondly, we have described the probable therapies and new targets that are under trials to check their efficacy in IgAN. METHODS An in-depth research was carried out from different peer-reviewed articles till December 2020 from several renowned databases like PubMed, Frontier, and MEDLINE, and the information was analysed and written in a simplified manner. RESULTS Co-deposition of properdin is observed along with IgA and C3 in 75%-100% of the patients. It is not yet fully understood whether properdin inhibition can attenuate IgAN, as many conflicting reports have revealed worsening of IgAN after impeding properdin. CONCLUSION With no specific cure still available, the treatment strategies are of great concern to find a better target to restrict the disease progression. More research and clinical trials are required to find out a prominent target to combat IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijit Ghosh
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Panihati, Kolkata 700114, West Bengal, India
| | - Srijita Das
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Panihati, Kolkata 700114, West Bengal, India
| | - Joy Mukherjee
- Bengal School of Technology, Sugandha, Hooghly 712102, West Bengal, India
| | - Salik Abdullah
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Panihati, Kolkata 700114, West Bengal, India
| | - Rupsa Mondal
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Panihati, Kolkata 700114, West Bengal, India
| | - Shirin Sultana
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Panihati, Kolkata 700114, West Bengal, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Patiala 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Patiala 140401, Punjab, India.
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48
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Zuo Y, Kanthi Y, Knight JS, Kim AHJ. The interplay between neutrophils, complement, and microthrombi in COVID-19. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2021; 35:101661. [PMID: 33526325 PMCID: PMC7831864 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2021.101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As of the end of 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a global healthcare challenge with alarming death tolls. In the absence of targeted therapies, supportive care continues to be the mainstay of treatment. The hallmark of severe COVID-19 is a thromboinflammatory storm driven by innate immune responses. This manifests clinically as acute respiratory distress syndrome, and in some patients, widespread thrombotic microangiopathy. Neutrophils and complement are key players in the innate immune system, and their role in perpetuating fatal severe COVID-19 continues to receive increasing attention. Here, we review the interplay between neutrophils, neutrophil extracellular traps, and complement in COVID-19 immunopathology, and highlight potential therapeutic strategies to combat these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zuo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Division of Intramural Research National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason S Knight
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alfred H J Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Bennike TB, Fatou B, Angelidou A, Diray-Arce J, Falsafi R, Ford R, Gill EE, van Haren SD, Idoko OT, Lee AH, Ben-Othman R, Pomat WS, Shannon CP, Smolen KK, Tebbutt SJ, Ozonoff A, Richmond PC, van den Biggelaar AHJ, Hancock REW, Kampmann B, Kollmann TR, Levy O, Steen H. Preparing for Life: Plasma Proteome Changes and Immune System Development During the First Week of Human Life. Front Immunol 2020; 11:578505. [PMID: 33329546 PMCID: PMC7732455 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.578505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonates have heightened susceptibility to infections. The biological mechanisms are incompletely understood but thought to be related to age-specific adaptations in immunity due to resource constraints during immune system development and growth. We present here an extended analysis of our proteomics study of peripheral blood-plasma from a study of healthy full-term newborns delivered vaginally, collected at the day of birth and on day of life (DOL) 1, 3, or 7, to cover the first week of life. The plasma proteome was characterized by LC-MS using our established 96-well plate format plasma proteomics platform. We found increasing acute phase proteins and a reduction of respective inhibitors on DOL1. Focusing on the complement system, we found increased plasma concentrations of all major components of the classical complement pathway and the membrane attack complex (MAC) from birth onward, except C7 which seems to have near adult levels at birth. In contrast, components of the lectin and alternative complement pathways mainly decreased. A comparison to whole blood messenger RNA (mRNA) levels enabled characterization of mRNA and protein levels in parallel, and for 23 of the 30 monitored complement proteins, the whole blood transcript information by itself was not reflective of the plasma protein levels or dynamics during the first week of life. Analysis of immunoglobulin (Ig) mRNA and protein levels revealed that IgM levels and synthesis increased, while the plasma concentrations of maternally transferred IgG1-4 decreased in accordance with their in vivo half-lives. The neonatal plasma ratio of IgG1 to IgG2-4 was increased compared to adult values, demonstrating a highly efficient IgG1 transplacental transfer process. Partial compensation for maternal IgG degradation was achieved by endogenous synthesis of the IgG1 subtype which increased with DOL. The findings were validated in a geographically distinct cohort, demonstrating a consistent developmental trajectory of the newborn's immune system over the first week of human life across continents. Our findings indicate that the classical complement pathway is central for newborn immunity and our approach to characterize the plasma proteome in parallel with the transcriptome will provide crucial insight in immune ontogeny and inform new approaches to prevent and treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tue Bjerg Bennike
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Benoit Fatou
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Asimenia Angelidou
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joann Diray-Arce
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Reza Falsafi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rebecca Ford
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea
| | - Erin E. Gill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Simon D. van Haren
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Olubukola T. Idoko
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Amy H. Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Rym Ben-Othman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, and BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William S. Pomat
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea
| | | | - Kinga K. Smolen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Scott J. Tebbutt
- PROOF Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Al Ozonoff
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Robert E. W. Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
- Vaccine Centre, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias R. Kollmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, and BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Hanno Steen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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50
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Poppenberg KE, Tutino VM, Li L, Waqas M, June A, Chaves L, Jiang K, Jarvis JN, Sun Y, Snyder KV, Levy EI, Siddiqui AH, Kolega J, Meng H. Classification models using circulating neutrophil transcripts can detect unruptured intracranial aneurysm. J Transl Med 2020; 18:392. [PMID: 33059716 PMCID: PMC7565814 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are dangerous because of their potential to rupture. We previously found significant RNA expression differences in circulating neutrophils between patients with and without unruptured IAs and trained machine learning models to predict presence of IA using 40 neutrophil transcriptomes. Here, we aim to develop a predictive model for unruptured IA using neutrophil transcriptomes from a larger population and more robust machine learning methods. Methods Neutrophil RNA extracted from the blood of 134 patients (55 with IA, 79 IA-free controls) was subjected to next-generation RNA sequencing. In a randomly-selected training cohort (n = 94), the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) selected transcripts, from which we constructed prediction models via 4 well-established supervised machine-learning algorithms (K-Nearest Neighbors, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machines with Gaussian and cubic kernels). We tested the models in the remaining samples (n = 40) and assessed model performance by receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) of 9 IA-associated genes was used to verify gene expression in a subset of 49 neutrophil RNA samples. We also examined the potential influence of demographics and comorbidities on model prediction. Results Feature selection using LASSO in the training cohort identified 37 IA-associated transcripts. Models trained using these transcripts had a maximum accuracy of 90% in the testing cohort. The testing performance across all methods had an average area under ROC curve (AUC) = 0.97, an improvement over our previous models. The Random Forest model performed best across both training and testing cohorts. RT-qPCR confirmed expression differences in 7 of 9 genes tested. Gene ontology and IPA network analyses performed on the 37 model genes reflected dysregulated inflammation, cell signaling, and apoptosis processes. In our data, demographics and comorbidities did not affect model performance. Conclusions We improved upon our previous IA prediction models based on circulating neutrophil transcriptomes by increasing sample size and by implementing LASSO and more robust machine learning methods. Future studies are needed to validate these models in larger cohorts and further investigate effect of covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry E Poppenberg
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA
| | - Vincent M Tutino
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA.,Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA.,Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA
| | - Armond June
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA
| | - Lee Chaves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA
| | - Kaiyu Jiang
- Genetics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA
| | - James N Jarvis
- Genetics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA
| | - Yijun Sun
- Genetics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA
| | - Kenneth V Snyder
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA.,Department of Radiology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA.,Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA
| | - Elad I Levy
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA.,Department of Radiology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA
| | - Adnan H Siddiqui
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA.,Department of Radiology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA
| | - John Kolega
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.,Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA
| | - Hui Meng
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA. .,Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University At Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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