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Faivre N, Verollet C, Dumas F. The chemokine receptor CCR5: multi-faceted hook for HIV-1. Retrovirology 2024; 21:2. [PMID: 38263120 PMCID: PMC10807162 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-024-00634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are cytokines whose primary role is cellular activation and stimulation of leukocyte migration. They perform their various functions by interacting with G protein-coupled cell surface receptors (GPCRs) and are involved in the regulation of many biological processes such as apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, hematopoiesis or organogenesis. They contribute to the maintenance of the homeostasis of lymphocytes and coordinate the function of the immune system. However, chemokines and their receptors are sometimes hijacked by some pathogens to infect the host organism. For a given chemokine receptor, there is a wide structural, organizational and conformational diversity. In this review, we describe the evidence for structural variety reported for the chemokine receptor CCR5, how this variability can be exploited by HIV-1 to infect its target cells and what therapeutic solutions are currently being developed to overcome this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Faivre
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- International Research Laboratory (IRP) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV", Toulouse, France
- International Research Laboratory (IRP) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christel Verollet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- International Research Laboratory (IRP) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV", Toulouse, France
- International Research Laboratory (IRP) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabrice Dumas
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.
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2
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Liao Y, Yan Q, Cheng T, Yao H, Zhao Y, Fu D, Ji Y, Shi B. Sulforaphene Inhibits Periodontitis through Regulating Macrophage Polarization via Upregulating Dendritic Cell Immunoreceptor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15538-15552. [PMID: 37823224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases that may eventually lead to the loss of teeth. Macrophage polarization plays an important role in the development of periodontitis, and several naturally occurring food compounds have recently been reported to regulate macrophage polarization. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of sulforaphene (SFE) in macrophage polarization and its impact on periodontitis. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, our study demonstrated that SFE effectively inhibits M1 polarization while promoting M2 polarization, ultimately leading to the suppression of periodontitis. Transcriptome sequencing showed that SFE significantly upregulated the expression of dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR, also known as CLEC4A2). We further validated the crucial role of DCIR in macrophage polarization through knockdown and overexpression experiments and demonstrated that SFE regulates macrophage polarization by upregulating DCIR expression. In summary, the results of this study suggest that SFE can regulate macrophage polarization and inhibit periodontitis. Moreover, this research identified DCIR (dendritic cell immunoreceptor) as a potential novel target for regulating macrophage polarization. These findings provide new insights into the treatment of periodontitis and other immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Qi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Tiange Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hantao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Dongjie Fu
- Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yaoting Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Bin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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3
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Ma W, Xu Z, Jiang Y, Liu J, Xu D, Huang W, Li T. Divergent Enzymatic Assembly of a Comprehensive 64-Membered IgG N-Glycan Library for Functional Glycomics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303832. [PMID: 37632720 PMCID: PMC10602528 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
N-Glycosylation, a main post-translational modification of Immunoglobulin G (IgG), plays a significant role in modulating the immune functions of IgG. However, the precise function elucidation of IgG N-glycosylation remains impeded due to the obstacles in obtaining comprehensive and well-defined N-glycans. Here, an easy-to-implement divergent approach is described to synthesize a 64-membered IgG N-glycan library covering all possible biantennary and bisected N-glycans by reprogramming biosynthetic assembly lines based on the inherent branch selectivity and substrate specificity of enzymes. The unique binding specificities of 64 N-glycans with different proteins are deciphered by glycan microarray technology. This unprecedented collection of synthetic IgG N-glycans can serve as standards for N-glycan structure identification in complex biological samples and the microarray data enrich N-glycan glycomics to facilitate biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhuojia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Tiehai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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4
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McLeish KR, Fernandes MJ. Understanding inhibitory receptor function in neutrophils through the lens of
CLEC12A. Immunol Rev 2022; 314:50-68. [PMID: 36424898 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first leukocytes recruited from the circulation in response to invading pathogens or injured cells. To eradicate pathogens and contribute to tissue repair, recruited neutrophils generate and release a host of toxic chemicals that can also damage normal cells. To avoid collateral damage leading to tissue injury and organ dysfunction, molecular mechanisms evolved that tightly control neutrophil response threshold to activating signals, the strength and location of the response, and the timing of response termination. One mechanism of response control is interruption of activating intracellular signaling pathways by the 20 inhibitory receptors expressed by neutrophils. The two inhibitory C-type lectin receptors expressed by neutrophils, CLEC12A and DCIR, exhibit both common and distinct molecular and functional mechanisms, and they are associated with different diseases. In this review, we use studies on CLEC12A as a model of inhibitory receptor regulation of neutrophil function and participation in disease. Understanding the molecular mechanisms leading to inhibitory receptor specificity offers the possibility of using physiologic control of neutrophil functions as a pharmacologic tool to control inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. McLeish
- Department of Medicine University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville Kentucky USA
| | - Maria J. Fernandes
- Infectious and Immune Diseases Division CHU de Québec‐Laval University Research Center Québec Québec Canada
- Department of Microbiology‐Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Laval University Québec Québec Canada
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5
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New Targets for Antiviral Therapy: Inhibitory Receptors and Immune Checkpoints on Myeloid Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061144. [PMID: 35746616 PMCID: PMC9230063 DOI: 10.3390/v14061144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune homeostasis is achieved by balancing the activating and inhibitory signal transduction pathways mediated via cell surface receptors. Activation allows the host to mount an immune response to endogenous and exogenous antigens; suppressive modulation via inhibitory signaling protects the host from excessive inflammatory damage. The checkpoint regulation of myeloid cells during immune homeostasis raised their profile as important cellular targets for treating allergy, cancer and infectious disease. This review focuses on the structure and signaling of inhibitory receptors on myeloid cells, with particular attention placed on how the interplay between viruses and these receptors regulates antiviral immunity. The status of targeting inhibitory receptors on myeloid cells as a new therapeutic approach for antiviral treatment will be analyzed.
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Li T, Xie J, Yao X, Zhang J, Li C, Ren D, Li L, Xie Q, Shao H, Qin A, Ye J. The tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 dephosphorylated by ALV-J via its Env efficiently promotes ALV-J replication. Virulence 2021; 12:1721-1731. [PMID: 34167452 PMCID: PMC8237968 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1939952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) generally induces hemangioma, myeloid leukosis, and immunosuppression in chickens, causing significant poultry industry economic losses worldwide. The unusual env gene of ALV-J, with low homology to other subgroups of ALVs, is associated with its unique pathogenesis. However, the exact molecular basis for the pathogenesis and oncogenesis of ALV-J is still not fully understood. In this study, ALV-J infection and the overexpression of Env could efficiently downregulate the phosphorylation of SHP-2 (pSHP-2) in vitro and in vivo. The membrane-spanning domain (MSD) in Env Gp37 was the functional domain responsible for pSHP-2 downregulation. Moreover, the overexpression of SHP-2 could effectively promote the replication of ALV-J, whereas knockout or allosteric inhibition of SHP-2 could inhibit ALV-J replication. In addition, the knockout of endogenous chicken SHP-2 could significantly increase the proliferation ability of DF-1 cells. All these data demonstrate that SHP-2 dephosphorylated by ALV-J Env could efficiently promote ALV-J replication, highlighting the important role of SHP-2 in the pathogenesis of ALV-J and providing a new target for developing antiviral drugs against ALV-J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuofan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunping Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Vaillancourt M, Hubert A, Subra C, Boucher J, Bazié WW, Vitry J, Berrazouane S, Routy JP, Trottier S, Tremblay C, Jenabian MA, Benmoussa A, Provost P, Tessier PA, Gilbert C. Velocity Gradient Separation Reveals a New Extracellular Vesicle Population Enriched in miR-155 and Mitochondrial DNA. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050526. [PMID: 33925397 PMCID: PMC8146806 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their contents (proteins, lipids, messenger RNA, microRNA, and DNA) are viewed as intercellular signals, cell-transforming agents, and shelters for viruses that allow both diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. EVs circulating in the blood of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) may provide insights into pathogenesis, inflammation, and disease progression. However, distinguishing plasma membrane EVs from exosomes, exomeres, apoptotic bodies, virions, and contaminating proteins remains challenging. We aimed at comparing sucrose and iodixanol density and velocity gradients along with commercial kits as a means of separating EVs from HIV particles and contaminating protein like calprotectin; and thereby evaluating the suitability of current plasma EVs analysis techniques for identifying new biomarkers of HIV-1 immune activation. Multiple analysis have been performed on HIV-1 infected cell lines, plasma from HIV-1 patients, or plasma from HIV-negative individuals spiked with HIV-1. Commercial kits, the differential centrifugation and density or velocity gradients to precipitate and separate HIV, EVs, and proteins such as calprotectin, have been used. EVs, virions, and contaminating proteins were characterized using Western blot, ELISA, RT-PCR, hydrodynamic size measurement, and enzymatic assay. Conversely to iodixanol density or velocity gradient, protein and virions co-sedimented in the same fractions of the sucrose density gradient than AChE-positive EVs. Iodixanol velocity gradient provided the optimal separation of EVs from viruses and free proteins in culture supernatants and plasma samples from a person living with HIV (PLWH) or a control and revealed a new population of large EVs enriched in microRNA miR-155 and mitochondrial DNA. Although EVs and their contents provide helpful information about several key events in HIV-1 pathogenesis, their purification and extensive characterization by velocity gradient must be investigated thoroughly before further use as biomarkers. By revealing a new population of EVs enriched in miR-155 and mitochondrial DNA, this study paves a way to increase our understanding of HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Vaillancourt
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Audrey Hubert
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Caroline Subra
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Julien Boucher
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Wilfried Wenceslas Bazié
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
- Programme de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Muraz, Institut National de Santé Publique, Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 390, Burkina Faso
| | - Julien Vitry
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Sofiane Berrazouane
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sylvie Trottier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- Département des Sciences Biologiques et Centre de Recherche CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada;
| | - Abderrahim Benmoussa
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
- Department of Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine—Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Patrick Provost
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Philippe A. Tessier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Caroline Gilbert
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(418)-525-4444 (ext. 46107)
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8
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Strumillo ST, Kartavykh D, de Carvalho FF, Cruz NC, de Souza Teodoro AC, Sobhie Diaz R, Curcio MF. Host-virus interaction and viral evasion. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1124-1147. [PMID: 33533523 PMCID: PMC8014853 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With each infectious pandemic or outbreak, the medical community feels the need to revisit basic concepts of immunology to understand and overcome the difficult times brought about by these infections. Regarding viruses, they have historically been responsible for many deaths, and such a peculiarity occurs because they are known to be obligate intracellular parasites that depend upon the host's cell machinery for their replication. Successful infection with the production of essential viral components requires constant viral evolution as a strategy to manipulate the cellular environment, including host internal factors, the host's nonspecific and adaptive immune responses to viruses, the metabolic and energetic state of the infected cell, and changes in the intracellular redox environment during the viral infection cycle. Based on this knowledge, it is fundamental to develop new therapeutic strategies for controlling viral dissemination, by means of antiviral therapies, vaccines, or antioxidants, or by targeting the inhibition or activation of cell signaling pathways or metabolic pathways that are altered during infection. The rapid recovery of altered cellular homeostasis during viral infection is still a major challenge. Here, we review the strategies by which viruses evade the host's immune response and potential tools used to develop more specific antiviral therapies to cure, control, or prevent viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scheilla T Strumillo
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denis Kartavykh
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Retrovirology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio F de Carvalho
- Departament of Educational Development, Getulio Vargas Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicolly C Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Retrovirology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C de Souza Teodoro
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Retrovirology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marli F Curcio
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Retrovirology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Naqvi KF, Endsley JJ. Myeloid C-Type Lectin Receptors in Tuberculosis and HIV Immunity: Insights Into Co-infection? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:263. [PMID: 32582566 PMCID: PMC7283559 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are carbohydrate binding pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which play a central role in host recognition of pathogenic microorganisms. Signaling through CLRs displayed on antigen presenting cells dictates important innate and adaptive immune responses. Several pathogens have evolved mechanisms to exploit the receptors or signaling pathways of the CLR system to gain entry or propagate in host cells. CLR responses to high priority pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), HIV, Ebola, and others are described and considered potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. Mtb and HIV are the leading causes of death due to infectious disease and have a synergistic relationship that further promotes aggressive disease in co-infected persons. Immune recognition through CLRs and other PRRs are important determinants of disease outcomes for both TB and HIV. Investigations of CLR responses to Mtb and HIV, to date, have primarily focused on single infection outcomes and do not account for the potential effects of co-infection. This review will focus on CLRs recognition of Mtb and HIV motifs. We will describe their respective roles in protective immunity and immune evasion or exploitation, as well as their potential as genetic determinants of disease susceptibility, and as avenues for development of therapeutic interventions. The potential convergence of CLR-driven responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems in the setting of Mtb and HIV co-infection will further be discussed relevant to disease pathogenesis and development of clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra F Naqvi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Janice J Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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10
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Nasu J, Uto T, Fukaya T, Takagi H, Fukui T, Miyanaga N, Nishikawa Y, Yamasaki S, Yamashita Y, Sato K. Pivotal role of the carbohydrate recognition domain in self-interaction of CLEC4A to elicit the ITIM-mediated inhibitory function in murine conventional dendritic cells in vitro. Int Immunol 2020; 32:673-682. [PMID: 32415968 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) with a characteristic carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) in the extracellular portion, mediate crucial cellular functions upon recognition of glycosylated pathogens and self-glycoproteins. CLEC4A is the only classical CLR that possesses an intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), which possibly transduces negative signals. However, how CLEC4A exerts cellular inhibition remains unclear. Here, we report that the self-interaction of CLEC4A through the CRD is required for the ITIM-mediated suppressive function in conventional dendritic cells (cDCs). Human type 2 cDCs (cDC2) and monocytes display a higher expression of CLEC4A than cDC1 and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) as well as B cells. The extracellular portion of CLEC4A specifically binds to a murine cDC cell line expressing CLEC4A, while its extracellular portion lacking the N-glycosylation site or the EPS motif within the CRD reduces their association. Furthermore, the deletion of the EPS motif within the CRD or ITIM in CLEC4A almost completely impairs its suppressive effect on the activation of the murine cDC cell line, whereas the absence of the N-glycosylation site within the CRD exhibits partial inhibition on their activation. On the other hand, antagonistic monoclonal antibody (mAb) to CLEC4A, which inhibits the self-interaction of CLEC4A and its downstream signaling in murine transfectants, enhances the activation of monocytes and monocyte-derived immature DCs upon stimulation with a Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand. Thus, our findings suggest a pivotal role of the CRD in self-interaction of CLEC4A to elicit the ITIM-mediated inhibitory signal for the control of the function of cDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junta Nasu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Uto
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Fukaya
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takagi
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehito Fukui
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Noriaki Miyanaga
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Yotaro Nishikawa
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine.,Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamashita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Sato
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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De Martini W, Rahman R, Ojegba E, Jungwirth E, Macias J, Ackerly F, Fowler M, Cottrell J, Chu T, Chang SL. Kinases: Understanding Their Role in HIV Infection. WORLD JOURNAL OF AIDS 2019; 9:142-160. [PMID: 32257606 PMCID: PMC7118713 DOI: 10.4236/wja.2019.93011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Antiviral drugs currently on the market primarily target proteins encoded by specific viruses. The drawback of these drugs is that they lack antiviral mechanisms that account for resistance or viral mutation. Thus, there is a pressing need for researchers to explore and investigate new therapeutic agents with other antiviral strategies. Viruses such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) alter canonical signaling pathways to create a favorable biochemical environment for infectivity. We used Qiagen Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software to review the function of several cellular kinases and the resulting perturbed signaling pathways during HIV infection such as NF-κB signaling. These host cellular kinases such as ADK, PKR, MAP3K11 are involved during HIV infection at various stages of the life cycle. Additionally IPA analysis indicated that these modified host cellular kinases are known to have interactions with each other especially AKT1, a serine/threonine kinase involved in multiple pathways. We present a list of cellular host kinases and other proteins that interact with these kinases. This approach to understanding the relationship between HIV infection and kinase activity may introduce new drug targets to arrest HIV infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William De Martini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Roksana Rahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Eduvie Ojegba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Emily Jungwirth
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Jasmine Macias
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Frederick Ackerly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Mia Fowler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Jessica Cottrell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Tinchun Chu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Sulie L. Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, South Orange, NJ, USA
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12
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Gu C, Wang L, Zurawski S, Oh S. Signaling Cascade through DC-ASGPR Induces Transcriptionally Active CREB for IL-10 Induction and Immune Regulation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:389-399. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Taylor ME, Drickamer K. Mammalian sugar-binding receptors: known functions and unexplored roles. FEBS J 2019; 286:1800-1814. [PMID: 30657247 PMCID: PMC6563452 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian glycan-binding receptors, sometimes known as lectins, interact with glycans, the oligosaccharide portions of endogenous mammalian glycoproteins and glycolipids as well as sugars on the surfaces of microbes. These receptors guide glycoproteins out of and back into cells, facilitate communication between cells through both adhesion and signaling, and allow the innate immune system to respond quickly to viral, fungal, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens. For many of the roughly 100 glycan-binding receptors that are known in humans, there are good descriptions of what types of glycans they bind and how selectivity for these ligands is achieved at the molecular level. In some cases, there is also comprehensive evidence for the roles that the receptors play at the cellular and organismal levels. In addition to highlighting these well-understood paradigms for glycan-binding receptors, this review will suggest where gaps remain in our understanding of the physiological functions that they can serve.
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14
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Whole Exome Sequencing of HIV-1 long-term non-progressors identifies rare variants in genes encoding innate immune sensors and signaling molecules. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15253. [PMID: 30323326 PMCID: PMC6189090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Common CCR5-∆32 and HLA alleles only explain a minority of the HIV long-term non-progressor (LTNP) and elite controller (EC) phenotypes. To identify rare genetic variants contributing to the slow disease progression phenotypes, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on seven LTNPs and four ECs. HLA and CCR5 allele status, total HIV DNA reservoir size, as well as variant-related functional differences between the ECs, LTNPs, and eleven age- and gender-matched HIV-infected non-controllers on antiretroviral therapy (NCARTs) were investigated. Several rare variants were identified in genes involved in innate immune sensing, CD4-dependent infectivity, HIV trafficking, and HIV transcription mainly within the LTNP group. ECs and LTNPs had a significantly lower HIV reservoir compared to NCARTs. Furthermore, three LTNPs with variants affecting HIV nuclear import showed integrated HIV DNA levels below detection limit after in vitro infection. HIV slow progressors with variants in the TLR and NOD2 pathways showed reduced pro-inflammatory responses compared to matched controls. Low-range plasma levels of fibronectin was observed in a LTNP harboring two FN1 variants. Taken together, this study identified rare variants in LTNPs as well as in one EC, which may contribute to understanding of HIV pathogenesis and these slow progressor phenotypes, especially in individuals without protecting CCR5-∆32 and HLA alleles.
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15
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Del Fresno C, Iborra S, Saz-Leal P, Martínez-López M, Sancho D. Flexible Signaling of Myeloid C-Type Lectin Receptors in Immunity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:804. [PMID: 29755458 PMCID: PMC5932189 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are important sensors of self and non-self that work in concert with other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). CLRs have been previously classified based on their signaling motifs as activating or inhibitory receptors. However, specific features of the ligand binding process may result in distinct signaling through a single motif, resulting in the triggering of non-canonical pathways. In addition, CLR ligands are frequently exposed in complex structures that simultaneously bind different CLRs and other PRRs, which lead to integration of heterologous signaling among diverse receptors. Herein, we will review how sensing by myeloid CLRs and crosstalk with heterologous receptors is modulated by many factors affecting their signaling and resulting in differential outcomes for immunity and inflammation. Finding common features among those flexible responses initiated by diverse CLR-ligand partners will help to harness CLR function in immunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Del Fresno
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Iborra
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Saz-Leal
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Martínez-López
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Chiffoleau E. C-Type Lectin-Like Receptors As Emerging Orchestrators of Sterile Inflammation Represent Potential Therapeutic Targets. Front Immunol 2018; 9:227. [PMID: 29497419 PMCID: PMC5818397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, C-type lectin-like receptors (CTLRs), expressed mostly by myeloid cells, have gained increasing attention for their role in the fine tuning of both innate and adaptive immunity. Not only CTLRs recognize pathogen-derived ligands to protect against infection but also endogenous ligands such as self-carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids to control homeostasis and tissue injury. Interestingly, CTLRs act as antigen-uptake receptors via their carbohydrate-recognition domain for internalization and subsequent presentation to T-cells. Furthermore, CTLRs signal through a complex intracellular network leading to the secretion of a particular set of cytokines that differently polarizes downstream effector T-cell responses according to the ligand and pattern recognition receptor co-engagement. Thus, by orchestrating the balance between inflammatory and resolution pathways, CTLRs are now considered as driving players of sterile inflammation whose dysregulation leads to the development of various pathologies such as autoimmune diseases, allergy, or cancer. For examples, the macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (MINCLE), by sensing glycolipids released during cell-damage, promotes skin allergy and the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Besides, recent studies described that tumors use physiological process of the CTLRs’ dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-1 (DECTIN-1) and MINCLE to locally suppress myeloid cell activation and promote immune evasion. Therefore, we aim here to overview the current knowledge of the pivotal role of CTLRs in sterile inflammation with special attention given to the “Dectin-1” and “Dectin-2” families. Moreover, we will discuss the potential of these receptors as promising therapeutic targets to treat a wide range of acute and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Chiffoleau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,IHU Cesti, Nantes, France.,Labex Immunotherapy Graft Oncology (IGO), Nantes, France
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17
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Weng TY, Li CJ, Li CY, Hung YH, Yen MC, Chang YW, Chen YH, Chen YL, Hsu HP, Chang JY, Lai MD. Skin Delivery of Clec4a Small Hairpin RNA Elicited an Effective Antitumor Response by Enhancing CD8 + Immunity In Vivo. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 9:419-427. [PMID: 29246320 PMCID: PMC5701806 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Clec4a has been reported to be an immune suppressor of dendritic cells (DCs), but its potential role in cancer therapy remains to be elucidated. The present study investigated whether downregulating the expression of Clec4a via skin delivery of small hairpin RNA (shRNA) using a gene gun produced stronger host immunity and inhibited tumor progression in animal models. Administration of Clec4a2 shRNA delayed tumor growth in both mouse bladder and lung tumor-bearing mouse models. The result was further confirmed with a compensation experiment showing that the antitumor effects induced by Clec4a2 shRNA were restored by co-injection of a plasmid expressing exogenous Clec4a2. Increased numbers of infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at tumor sites were observed in mice treated with Clec4a2 shRNA. Splenocytes from mice with Clec4a2 shRNA administration exhibited stronger cytotoxic activity compared with splenocytes from control mice. CD8-deletion in vivo abrogated the antitumor effects elicited by Clec4a2 shRNA. Additionally, shClec4a enhanced the antitumor effects of the Neu DNA vaccine in the MBT-2 tumor model. In summary, the findings provide evidence that silencing of Clec4a2 expression via skin delivery of shRNA produces an effective antitumor response and that Clec4a2 shRNA may have therapeutic potential as an adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yang Weng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Hung
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chi Yen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 68, Jhonghua 3rd Rd., Cianjin District, Kaohsiung City 80145, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Chang
- Department of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- Department of Senior Citizen Services Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, No. 60, Sec. 1, Erren Rd., Rende District, Tainan City 717, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ping Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Yang Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institute, No. 367, Sheng-li Rd., North District, Tainan City 704, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Derg Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
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18
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Hertoghs N, Pul LV, Geijtenbeek TBH. Mucosal dendritic cells in HIV-1 susceptibility: a critical role for C-type lectin receptors. Future Virol 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2017-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sexual transmission is the major route of HIV-1 infection worldwide. The interaction of HIV-1 with mucosal dendritic cells (DCs) might determine HIV-1 susceptibility as well as initial antiviral immunity controlling virus in the chronic phase. Different DC subsets reside in mucosal tissues and express specific C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) that interact with HIV-1 with different outcomes. HIV-1 has been shown to subvert CLRs for viral transmission and immune evasion, whereas CLRs can also protect against HIV-1 infection. Here, we will discuss the role of CLRs in HIV-1 transmission and adaptive immunity, and how the CLRs dictate the function of DCs in infection. Ultimately, understanding the interplay between CLRs and HIV-1 will lead to targeted approaches in the search for preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hertoghs
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa van Pul
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis BH Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Monteiro JT, Lepenies B. Myeloid C-Type Lectin Receptors in Viral Recognition and Antiviral Immunity. Viruses 2017; 9:E59. [PMID: 28327518 PMCID: PMC5371814 DOI: 10.3390/v9030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of viral glycans by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in innate immunity contributes to antiviral immune responses. C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are PRRs capable of sensing glycans present in viral pathogens to activate antiviral immune responses such as phagocytosis, antigen processing and presentation, and subsequent T cell activation. The ability of CLRs to elicit and shape adaptive immunity plays a critical role in the inhibition of viral spread within the host. However, certain viruses exploit CLRs for viral entry into host cells to avoid immune recognition. To block CLR interactions with viral glycoproteins, antiviral strategies may involve the use of multivalent glycan carrier systems. In this review, we describe the role of CLRs in antiviral immunity and we highlight their dual function in viral clearance and exploitation by viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- João T Monteiro
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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20
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Plasmacytoid dendritic cells and myeloid cells differently contribute to B-cell-activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily overexpression during primary HIV infection. AIDS 2016; 30:365-76. [PMID: 26558721 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After describing heightened levels of circulating B-cell-activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (BAFF) as well as changes in B-cell phenotype and functions during acute infection by simian immunodeficiency virus, we wanted to determine whether and by which cells BAFF was over-expressed in primary HIV-infected (PHI) patients. DESIGN AND METHODS We simultaneously examined circulating BAFF levels by ELISA and membrane-bound BAFF (mBAFF) expression by flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors and PHI patients followed for 6 months. We also examined whether HIV-1 modifies BAFF expression or release in various myeloid cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in vitro. RESULTS Circulating BAFF levels were transiently increased at enrolment. They positively correlated with CXCL10 levels and inversely with B-cell counts. Whereas mBAFF was expressed by most pDC and on a fraction of intermediate monocytes in healthy donors, the frequency of mBAFF cells significantly increased among nonclassical monocytes and CD1c dendritic cells but decreased among pDC in PHI patients. In contrast to myeloid cells, pDC never released BAFF upon stimulation. Their mBAFF expression was enhanced by HIV-1, independently of type I IFN. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that the pattern of BAFF expression by myeloid cells and pDC is altered in PHI patients and constitutes a valuable marker of immune activation whose circulating levels correlate with CXCL10 levels. Due to their homing in different tissue areas, pDC and myeloid cells might target different B-cell subsets through their mBAFF expression or soluble BAFF release.
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21
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Nomenclature of CD molecules from the Tenth Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigen Workshop. Clin Transl Immunology 2016; 5:e57. [PMID: 26900471 PMCID: PMC4735060 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2015.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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22
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Abstract
C-type lectins, originally defined as proteins binding carbohydrates in a Ca2+-dependent manner, form a large family containing soluble and membrane-bound proteins. Among them, those expressed on phagocytes and working as pathogen pattern-recognition receptors were designated as C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), in accordance with Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and RIG-I–like receptors (RLRs). Most of the genes for CLRs are clustered in human chromosome 12 close to the natural killer gene complex. Similar to the killer lectin-like receptors whose genes are clustered in this complex, most of the CLRs induce activating or regulatory signal cascades in response to distinct pathogen- or self-derived components, through the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activating or inhibitory motif, respectively. In this chapter, some representative CLRs are picked up and their structural features leading to the functional consequences are discussed, especially on the signaling cascades and pathogen interactions, including some impacts on cutaneous pathophysiology. These CLRs should provide targets to develop effective vaccination and therapeutics for distinct infectious and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Grad Sch of Med., Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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23
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Zhao X, Shen Y, Hu W, Chen J, Wu T, Sun X, Yu J, Wu T, Chen W. DCIR negatively regulates CpG-ODN-induced IL-1β and IL-6 production. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:641-7. [PMID: 26514427 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLR) are a diverse family of proteins mainly expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APC). As antigen-uptake and signaling receptors, CLR modulate immune responses of APC. The dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) is a member of CLR and has an immunoreceptor tyrosine based inhibitory motif (ITIM) in cytoplasmic tail, which is believed to play a negative role in cellular responses after antigen exposure. In addition to pathogen recognition, DCIR has been shown to be pivotal in preventing autoimmune disease by controlling dendritic cell proliferation. However, much less is known about the role of DCIR in innate immunity and its crosstalk with the Toll like receptors (TLR) pathway. In this study, we demonstrate that CpG-ODN stimulation can promote DCIR expression in macrophages and DCIR triggering inhibits the production of CpG-ODN-induced proinflammatory cytokines. We further confirm that siRNA-mediated knockdown of DCIR expression enhances CpG-ODN-induced phosphorylation of Erk1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 in macrophages. Collectively, these results indicate that DCIR is a negatively regulator in TLR9-mediated innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibao Zhao
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yaping Shen
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junru Chen
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tian Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Sun
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weilin Chen
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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24
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Bryant CE, Orr S, Ferguson B, Symmons MF, Boyle JP, Monie TP. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCVI. Pattern recognition receptors in health and disease. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:462-504. [PMID: 25829385 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of Toll, in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, as the first described pattern recognition receptor (PRR) in 1996, many families of these receptors have been discovered and characterized. PRRs play critically important roles in pathogen recognition to initiate innate immune responses that ultimately link to the generation of adaptive immunity. Activation of PRRs leads to the induction of immune and inflammatory genes, including proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. It is increasingly clear that many PRRs are linked to a range of inflammatory, infectious, immune, and chronic degenerative diseases. Several drugs to modulate PRR activity are already in clinical trials and many more are likely to appear in the near future. Here, we review the different families of mammalian PRRs, the ligands they recognize, the mechanisms of activation, their role in disease, and the potential of targeting these proteins to develop the anti-inflammatory therapeutics of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Bryant
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine (C.E.B., J.P.B., T.P.M.), Pathology (B.F.), and Biochemistry (M.F.S., J.P.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (S.O.)
| | - Selinda Orr
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine (C.E.B., J.P.B., T.P.M.), Pathology (B.F.), and Biochemistry (M.F.S., J.P.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (S.O.)
| | - Brian Ferguson
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine (C.E.B., J.P.B., T.P.M.), Pathology (B.F.), and Biochemistry (M.F.S., J.P.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (S.O.)
| | - Martyn F Symmons
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine (C.E.B., J.P.B., T.P.M.), Pathology (B.F.), and Biochemistry (M.F.S., J.P.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (S.O.)
| | - Joseph P Boyle
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine (C.E.B., J.P.B., T.P.M.), Pathology (B.F.), and Biochemistry (M.F.S., J.P.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (S.O.)
| | - Tom P Monie
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine (C.E.B., J.P.B., T.P.M.), Pathology (B.F.), and Biochemistry (M.F.S., J.P.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (S.O.)
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25
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Exosome release following activation of the dendritic cell immunoreceptor: A potential role in HIV-1 pathogenesis. Virology 2015; 484:103-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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26
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Yan H, Kamiya T, Suabjakyong P, Tsuji NM. Targeting C-Type Lectin Receptors for Cancer Immunity. Front Immunol 2015; 6:408. [PMID: 26379663 PMCID: PMC4547497 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are a large family of soluble and trans-membrane pattern recognition receptors that are widely and primarily expressed on myeloid cells. CLRs are important for cell-cell communication and host defense against pathogens through the recognition of specific carbohydrate structures. Similar to a family of Toll-like receptors, CLRs signaling are involved in the various steps for initiation of innate immune responses and promote secretion of soluble factors such as cytokines and interferons. Moreover, CLRs contribute to endocytosis and antigen presentation, thereby fine-tune adaptive immune responses. In addition, there may also be a direct activation of acquired immunity. On the other hand, glycans, such as mannose structures, Lewis-type antigens, or GalNAc are components of tumor antigens and ligate CLRs, leading to immunoregulation. Therefore, agonists or antagonists of CLRs signaling are potential therapeutic reagents for cancer immunotherapy. We aim to overview the current knowledge of CLRs signaling and the application of their ligands on tumor-associating immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yan
- Immune Homeostasis Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Japan ; Institute for Liver Disease, Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Tomomori Kamiya
- Immune Homeostasis Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Japan ; Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science , Noda-shi , Japan
| | - Papawee Suabjakyong
- Immune Homeostasis Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Japan ; Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , Chiba-shi , Japan
| | - Noriko M Tsuji
- Immune Homeostasis Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Japan
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27
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Karrich JJ, Jachimowski LCM, Uittenbogaart CH, Blom B. The plasmacytoid dendritic cell as the Swiss army knife of the immune system: molecular regulation of its multifaceted functions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 193:5772-8. [PMID: 25480956 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) have been regarded as the "professional type I IFN-producing cells" of the immune system following viral recognition that relies on the expression of TLR7 and TLR9. Furthermore, pDC link the innate and adaptive immune systems via cytokine production and Ag presentation. More recently, their ability to induce tolerance and cytotoxicity has been added to their "immune skills." Such a broad range of actions, resembling the diverse functional features of a Swiss army knife, requires strong and prompt molecular regulation to prevent detrimental effects, including autoimmune pathogenesis or tumor escape. Over the last decades, we and other investigators have started to unravel some aspects of the signaling pathways that regulate the various functions of human pDC. In this article, we review aspects of the molecular regulatory mechanisms to control pDC function in light of their multifaceted roles during immunity, autoimmunity, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien J Karrich
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Loes C M Jachimowski
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christel H Uittenbogaart
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands;
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28
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García-Vallejo JJ, Bloem K, Knippels LMJ, Garssen J, van Vliet SJ, van Kooyk Y. The Consequences of Multiple Simultaneous C-Type Lectin-Ligand Interactions: DCIR Alters the Endo-Lysosomal Routing of DC-SIGN. Front Immunol 2015; 6:87. [PMID: 25806031 PMCID: PMC4354414 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are equipped with multiple receptors to allow proper pathogen recognition and capture. C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) recognize glycan structures on pathogens and endogenous glycoproteins for internalization and antigen processing and presentation. Often, the glycan specificity of these receptors is overlapping and/or pathogens are decorated with ligands for multiple CLRs, posing the question whether interference or cooperativity within the CLR family exists. Here, we used imaging flow cytometry to investigate the internalization properties of four different CLRs [mannose receptor, DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), macrophage galactose-type lectin, and dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR)] on different APCs, as well as their intracellular routing. Although the internalization score of the investigated CLRs was similar on monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs), DCIR internalization rates were lower compared to the other CLRs. Upon triggering, DCIR routed to intracellular compartments outside of the classical endo-lysosomal pathway, resulting in poor CD4(+) T-cell stimulation. Although DC maturation reduced CLR expression levels, it did not affect their internalization rates. Although CLR internalization appeared to be independently regulated, DC-SIGN routing was affected when DCIR was triggered simultaneously. In conclusion, our results provide new insights for the design of DC-based immunotherapeutic strategies and suggest that DCIR is an inferior target in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J García-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Karien Bloem
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Danone Research, Centre for Specialized Nutrition , Wageningen , Netherlands
| | - Léon M J Knippels
- Danone Research, Centre for Specialized Nutrition , Wageningen , Netherlands ; Department of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Danone Research, Centre for Specialized Nutrition , Wageningen , Netherlands ; Department of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands
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29
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The evolution of HIV-1 interactions with coreceptors and mannose C-type lectin receptors. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 129:109-40. [PMID: 25595802 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The phenotype of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) commonly evolves between and within infected individuals, at virus transmission, and during disease progression. This evolution includes altered interactions between the virus and its coreceptors, i.e., chemokine receptors, as well as mannose C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). Transmitted/founder viruses are predominantly restricted to CCR5, whereas the subsequent intrapatient evolution of HIV-1 coreceptor use during progressive disease can be subdivided into two distinct pathways. Accordingly, the CCR5-restricted virus population is either gradually replaced by virus variants able to use CXCR4 or evolves toward an altered, more flexible use of CCR5. Despite a strong dependency on these coreceptors for host cell entry, HIV-1 also interacts with other cell surface molecules during target cell attachment, including the CLRs. The virus interaction with the CLRs may result either in the efficient transfer of virus to CD4(+) T cells or in the degradation of the virus in endosomal compartments. The determinants of the diverse outcomes depend on which CLR is engaged and also on the glycan makeup of the envelope glycoproteins, which may evolve with the strength of the immune pressure during the disease course. With the current clinical introduction of CCR5 antagonists and the development of additional entry inhibitors, knowledge on the evolution and baseline characteristics of HIV-1 interactions with coreceptor and CLR interactions may play important roles for individualized and optimized treatment strategies. This review summarizes our current understanding of the evolution of HIV-1 interactions with these receptors.
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30
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The role of human dendritic cells in HIV-1 infection. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 135:1225-1233. [PMID: 25407434 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) and their subsets have multifaceted roles in the early stages of HIV-1 transmission and infection. DC studies have led to remarkable discoveries, including identification of restriction factors, cellular structures promoting viral transmission including the infectious synapse or the interplay of the C-type lectins, Langerin on Langerhans cells (LCs), and dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin on other DC subsets, limiting or facilitating HIV transmission to CD4(+) T cells, respectively. LCs/DCs are also exposed to encountering HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted infections (herpes simplex virus-2, bacteria, fungi), which reprogram HIV-1 interaction with these cells. This review will summarize advances in the role of DCs during HIV-1 infection and discuss their potential involvement in the development of preventive strategies against HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted infections.
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31
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Kerscher B, Willment JA, Brown GD. The Dectin-2 family of C-type lectin-like receptors: an update. Int Immunol 2014; 25:271-7. [PMID: 23606632 PMCID: PMC3631001 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxt006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
New discoveries reveal crucial roles for the Dectin-2 family in many aspects of the immune response. Myeloid and non-myeloid cells express members of the C-type lectin-like receptor (CTLR) family, which mediate crucial cellular functions during immunity and homeostasis. Of relevance here is the dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-2 (Dectin-2) family of CTLRs, which includes blood dendritic cell antigen 2 (BDCA-2), dendritic cell immunoactivating receptor (DCAR), dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR), Dectin-2, C-type lectin superfamily 8 (CLECSF8) and macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle). These CTLRs possess a single extracellular conserved C-type lectin-like domain and are capable of mediating intracellular signalling either directly, through integral signalling domains, or indirectly, by associating with signalling adaptor molecules. These receptors recognize a diverse range of endogenous and exogenous ligands, and can function as pattern recognition receptors for several classes of pathogens including fungi, bacteria and parasites, driving both innate and adaptive immunity. In this review, we summarize our knowledge of each of these receptors, highlighting the exciting discoveries that have been made in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kerscher
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Section of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
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32
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van Montfoort N, Olagnier D, Hiscott J. Unmasking immune sensing of retroviruses: interplay between innate sensors and host effectors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 25:657-68. [PMID: 25240798 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Retroviruses can selectively trigger an array of innate immune responses through various PRR. The identification and the characterization of the molecular basis of retroviral DNA sensing by the DNA sensors IFI16 and cGAS has been one of the most exciting developments in viral immunology in recent years. DNA sensing by these cytosolic sensors not only leads to the initiation of the type I interferon (IFN) antiviral response and the induction of the inflammatory response, but also triggers cell death mechanisms including pyroptosis and apoptosis in retrovirus-infected cells, thereby providing important insights into the pathophysiology of chronic retroviral infection. Host restriction factors such as SAMHD1 and Trex1 play important roles in regulating innate immune sensing, and have led to the idea that innate immune defense and host restriction actually converge at different levels to determine the outcome of retroviral infection. In this review, we discuss the sensing of retroviruses by cytosolic DNA sensors, the relevance of host factors during retroviral infection, and the interplay between host factors and the innate antiviral response in different cell types, within the context of two human pathogenic retroviruses - human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and human T cell-leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine van Montfoort
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, 9801 Discovery Way, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - David Olagnier
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, 9801 Discovery Way, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - John Hiscott
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, 9801 Discovery Way, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA.
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Jin W, Li C, Du T, Hu K, Huang X, Hu Q. DC-SIGN plays a stronger role than DCIR in mediating HIV-1 capture and transfer. Virology 2014; 458-459:83-92. [PMID: 24928041 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) expressed on dendritic cells (DCs), in particular DC-SIGN and DCIR, likely play an important role in HIV-1 early infection. Here, we systematically compared the capture and transfer capability of DC-SIGN and DCIR using a wide range of HIV-1 isolates. Our results indicated that DC-SIGN plays a stronger role than DCIR in DC-mediated HIV-1 capture and transfer. This was further strengthened by the data from transient and stable transfectants, showing that DC-SIGN had better capability, compared with DCIR in HIV-1 capture and transfer. Following constructing and analyzing a series of soluble DC-SIGN and DCIR truncates and chimeras, we demonstrated that the neck domain, but not the CRD, renders DC-SIGN higher binding affinity to gp120 likely via the formation of tetramerization. Our findings provide insights into CLR-mediated HIV-1 capture and transfer, highlighting potential targets for intervention strategies against gp120-CLR interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 44 Xiaohongshan Zhongqu, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 44 Xiaohongshan Zhongqu, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 44 Xiaohongshan Zhongqu, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 44 Xiaohongshan Zhongqu, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 44 Xiaohongshan Zhongqu, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinxue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 44 Xiaohongshan Zhongqu, Wuhan 430071, China; Center for Infection and Immunity, St George׳s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.
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34
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Bloem K, Vuist IM, van den Berk M, Klaver EJ, van Die I, Knippels LMJ, Garssen J, García-Vallejo JJ, van Vliet SJ, van Kooyk Y. DCIR interacts with ligands from both endogenous and pathogenic origin. Immunol Lett 2013; 158:33-41. [PMID: 24239607 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
C-type lectins on dendritic cells function as antigen uptake and signaling receptors, thereby influencing cellular immune responses. Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) is one of the best-studied C-type lectin receptors expressed on DCs and its glycan specificity and functional requirements for ligand binding have been intensively investigated. The carbohydrate specificity of dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR), another DC-expressed lectin, was still debated, but we have recently confirmed DCIR as mannose/fucose-binding lectin. Since DC-SIGN and DCIR may potentially share ligands, we set out to elucidate the interaction of DCIR with established DC-SIGN-binding ligands, by comparing the carbohydrate specificity of DCIR and DC-SIGN in more detail. Our results clearly demonstrate that DC-SIGN has a broader glycan specificity compared to DCIR, which interacts only with mannotriose, sulfo-Lewis(a), Lewis(b) and Lewis(a). While most of the tested DC-SIGN ligands bound DCIR as well, Candida albicans and some glycoproteins on some cancer cell lines were identified as DC-SIGN-specific ligands. Interestingly, DCIR strongly bound human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp140 glycoproteins, while its interaction with the well-studied DC-SIGN-binding HIV-1 ligand gp120 was much weaker. Furthermore, DCIR-specific ligands were detected on keratinocytes. Furthermore, the interaction of DCIR with its ligands was strongly influenced by the glycosylation of DCIR. In conclusion, we show that sulfo-Lewis(a) is a high affinity ligand for DCIR and that DCIR interacts with ligands from both pathogenic and endogenous origin of which most are shared by DC-SIGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karien Bloem
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Danone Research, Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilona M Vuist
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike van den Berk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elsenoor J Klaver
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irma van Die
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Léon M J Knippels
- Danone Research, Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Danone Research, Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Juan J García-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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35
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Massoud AH, Yona M, Xue D, Chouiali F, Alturaihi H, Ablona A, Mourad W, Piccirillo CA, Mazer BD. Dendritic cell immunoreceptor: a novel receptor for intravenous immunoglobulin mediates induction of regulatory T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 133:853-63.e5. [PMID: 24210883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a polyclonal IgG preparation with potent immunomodulating properties. Our laboratory demonstrated that IVIg significantly increases numbers of forkhead box protein 3-positive regulatory T (Treg) cells through generation of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) in an allergic airways disease model. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate potential receptors on DCs mediating these events. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were either sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) intraperitoneally or through adoptive transfer of OVA-primed DCs and then challenged with intranasal OVA. IVIg was fractionated into sialic acid-enriched IVIg (SA-IVIg) and sialic acid-depleted IVIg (non-SA-IVIg). Dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) constructs in CHO cells or on DCs were examined by using fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. RESULTS Administration of SA-IVIg, but not non-SA-IVIg, to OVA-sensitized and OVA-challenged mice induced Treg cells and attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation comparably with IVIg. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells cultured with SA-IVIg or IVIg adoptively transferred to mice before OVA challenge induced Treg cells and inhibited AHR. IVIg-treated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from Fcγ receptor knockout mice inhibited AHR, suggesting IVIg's action was not caused by Fcγ receptor-mediated events. Fluorescently labeled IVIg or SA-IVIg bound DCs and colocalized specifically to the C-type lectin DCIR. IVIg binding to DCIR induced phosphorylation of Src homology domain 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP) 2 and Src homology domain 2-containing inositol phosphatase 1 (SHIP-1) and internalization of IVIg into DCs. Inhibition of IVIg binding to DCIR by small interfering RNA completely blocked induction of Treg cells. Inhibition of SHP-2 or abrogation of IgG internalization through clatherin inhibitors rendered IVIg ineffective. CONCLUSIONS IVIg alleviates allergic airways disease through interaction of SA-IgG with DCIR. DCIR is a novel receptor for IVIg, mediating interaction of innate and adaptive immunity in tolerogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Massoud
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Département d'Immunologie et Microbiologie, Université de Montréal, Institute de Recherche du l'Hôpitale St-Luc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Madelaine Yona
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Di Xue
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fazila Chouiali
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Haydar Alturaihi
- Département d'Immunologie et Microbiologie, Université de Montréal, Institute de Recherche du l'Hôpitale St-Luc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aidan Ablona
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Walid Mourad
- Département d'Immunologie et Microbiologie, Université de Montréal, Institute de Recherche du l'Hôpitale St-Luc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ciriaco A Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce D Mazer
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Harman AN, Kim M, Nasr N, Sandgren KJ, Cameron PU. Tissue dendritic cells as portals for HIV entry. Rev Med Virol 2013; 23:319-33. [PMID: 23908074 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are found at the portals of pathogen entry such as the mucosal surfaces of the respiratory, gastrointestinal and genital tracts where they represent the first line of contact between the immune system and the foreign invaders. They are found throughout the body in multiple subsets where they express unique combinations of C-type lectin receptors to best aid them in detection of pathogens associated with their anatomical location. DCs are important in the establishment in HIV infection for two reasons. Firstly, they are one of the first cells to encounter the virus, and the specific interaction that occurs between these cells and HIV is critical to HIV establishing a foothold infection. Secondly and most importantly, HIV is able to efficiently transfer the virus to its primary target cell, the CD4(+) T lymphocyte, in which it replicates explosively. Infection of CD4(+) T lymphocytes via DCs is far more efficient than direct infection. This review surveys the various DCs subsets found within the human sexual mucosa and their interactions with HIV. Mechanisms of HIV uptake are discussed as well as how the virus then traffics through the DC and is transferred to T cells. Until recently, most research has focussed on vaginal transmission despite the increased transmission rate associated with anal intercourse. Here, we also discuss recent advances in our understanding of HIV transmission in the colon.
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Dendritic cell immunoreceptor is a new target for anti-AIDS drug development: identification of DCIR/HIV-1 inhibitors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67873. [PMID: 23874461 PMCID: PMC3706466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 pandemic continues to expand while no effective vaccine or cure is yet available. Existing therapies have managed to limit mortality and control viral proliferation, but are associated with side effects, do not cure the disease and are subject to development of resistance. Finding new therapeutic targets and drugs is therefore crucial. We have previously shown that the dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR), a C-type lectin receptor expressed on dendritic cells (DCs), acts as an attachment factor for HIV-1 to DCs and contributes to HIV-1 transmission to CD4+ T lymphocytes (CD4TL). Directly involved in HIV-1 infection, DCIR is expressed in apoptotic or infected CD4TL and promotes trans-infection to bystander cells. Here we report the 3D modelling of the extracellular domain of DCIR. Based on this structure, two surface accessible pockets containing the carbohydrate recognition domain and the EPS binding motif, respectively, were targeted for screening of chemicals that will disrupt normal interaction with HIV-1 particle. Preliminary screening using Raji-CD4-DCIR cells allowed identification of two inhibitors that decreased HIV-1 attachment and propagation. The impact of these inhibitors on infection of DCs and CD4TL was evaluated as well. The results of this study thus identify novel molecules capable of blocking HIV-1 transmission by DCs and CD4TL.
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Yan H, Ohno N, Tsuji NM. The role of C-type lectin receptors in immune homeostasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:353-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Bloem K, Vuist IM, van der Plas AJ, Knippels LMJ, Garssen J, García-Vallejo JJ, van Vliet SJ, van Kooyk Y. Ligand binding and signaling of dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) is modulated by the glycosylation of the carbohydrate recognition domain. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66266. [PMID: 23776650 PMCID: PMC3679074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectins are innate receptors expressed on antigen-presenting cells that are involved in the recognition of glycosylated pathogens and self-glycoproteins. Upon ligand binding, internalization and/or signaling often occur. Little is known on the glycan specificity and ligands of the Dendritic Cell Immunoreceptor (DCIR), the only classical C-type lectin that contains an intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM). Here we show that purified DCIR binds the glycan structures Lewisb and Man3. Interestingly, binding could not be detected when DCIR was expressed on cells. Since DCIR has an N-glycosylation site inside its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), we investigated the effect of this glycan in ligand recognition. Removing or truncating the glycans present on purified DCIR increased the affinity for DCIR-binding glycans. Nevertheless, altering the glycosylation status of the DCIR expressing cell or mutating the N-glycosylation site of DCIR itself did not increase glycan binding. In contrast, cis and trans interactions with glycans induced DCIR mediated signaling, resulting in a decreased phosphorylation of the ITIM sequence. These results show that glycan binding to DCIR is influenced by the glycosylation of the CRD region in DCIR and that interaction with its ligands result in signaling via its ITIM motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karien Bloem
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Danone Research, Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilona M. Vuist
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arend-Jan van der Plas
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Léon M. J. Knippels
- Danone Research, Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Danone Research, Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Juan J. García-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra J. van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Rinaldo CR. HIV-1 Trans Infection of CD4(+) T Cells by Professional Antigen Presenting Cells. SCIENTIFICA 2013; 2013:164203. [PMID: 24278768 PMCID: PMC3820354 DOI: 10.1155/2013/164203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1990s we have known of the fascinating ability of a complex set of professional antigen presenting cells (APCs; dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, and B lymphocytes) to mediate HIV-1 trans infection of CD4(+) T cells. This results in a burst of virus replication in the T cells that is much greater than that resulting from direct, cis infection of either APC or T cells, or trans infection between T cells. Such APC-to-T cell trans infection first involves a complex set of virus subtype, attachment, entry, and replication patterns that have many similarities among APC, as well as distinct differences related to virus receptors, intracellular trafficking, and productive and nonproductive replication pathways. The end result is that HIV-1 can sequester within the APC for several days and be transmitted via membrane extensions intracellularly and extracellularly to T cells across the virologic synapse. Virus replication requires activated T cells that can develop concurrently with the events of virus transmission. Further research is essential to fill the many gaps in our understanding of these trans infection processes and their role in natural HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R. Rinaldo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus responsible for recent epidemic outbreaks of debilitating disease in humans. Alphaviruses are known to interact with members of the C-type lectin receptor family of pattern recognition proteins, and given that the dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) is known to act as a negative regulator of the host inflammatory response and has previously been associated with rheumatoid arthritis, we evaluated DCIR's role in response to CHIKV infection. Although we observed an increase in the proportion of dendritic cells at the site of CHIKV infection at 24 to 36 h postinfection, these cells showed decreased cell surface DCIR, suggestive of DCIR triggering and internalization. In vitro, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from DCIR-deficient (DCIR(-/-)) mice exhibited altered cytokine expression following exposure to CHIKV. DCIR(-/-) mice exhibited more severe disease signs than wild-type C57BL6/J mice following CHIKV infection, including a more rapid and more severe onset of virus-induced edema and enhanced weight loss. Histological examination revealed that DCIR-deficient animals exhibited increased inflammation and damage in both the fascia of the inoculated foot and the ankle joint, and DCIR deficiency skewed the CHIKV-induced cytokine response at the site of infection at multiple times postinfection. Early differences in virus-induced disease between C57BL6/J and DCIR(-/-) mice were independent of viral replication, while extended viral replication correlated with enhanced foot swelling and tissue inflammation and damage in DCIR(-/-) compared to C57BL6/J mice at 6 to 7 days postinfection. These results suggest that DCIR plays a protective role in limiting the CHIKV-induced inflammatory response and subsequent tissue and joint damage.
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42
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Akkaya M, Barclay AN. How do pathogens drive the evolution of paired receptors? Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:303-13. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Munir Akkaya
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology; University of Oxford; Oxford United Kingdom
| | - A. Neil Barclay
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology; University of Oxford; Oxford United Kingdom
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Kuroki K, Furukawa A, Maenaka K. Molecular recognition of paired receptors in the immune system. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:429. [PMID: 23293633 PMCID: PMC3533184 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface receptors are responsible for regulating cellular function on the front line, the cell membrane. Interestingly, accumulating evidence clearly reveals that the members of cell surface receptor families have very similar extracellular ligand-binding regions but opposite signaling systems, either inhibitory or stimulatory. These receptors are designated as paired receptors. Paired receptors often recognize not only physiological ligands but also non-self ligands, such as viral and bacterial products, to fight infections. In this review, we introduce several representative examples of paired receptors, focusing on two major structural superfamilies, the immunoglobulin-like and the C-type lectin-like receptors, and explain how these receptors distinguish self and non-self ligands to maintain homeostasis in the immune system. We further discuss the evolutionary aspects of these receptors as well as the potential drug targets for regulating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Kuroki
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University Sapporo, Japan
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HCV glycoprotein E2 is a novel BDCA-2 ligand and acts as an inhibitor of IFN production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Blood 2012; 120:4544-51. [PMID: 23053572 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-02-413286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in > 50% of chronically infected patients by treatment with IFN-α suggests that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), major producers of IFN-α, play an important role in the control of HCV infection. However, despite large amounts of Toll-like receptor 7-mediated IFN-α, produced by pDCs exposed to HCV-infected hepatocytes, HCV still replicates in infected liver. Here we show that HCV envelope glycoprotein E2 is a novel ligand of pDC C-type lectin immunoreceptors (CLRs), blood DC antigen 2 (BDCA-2) and DC-immunoreceptor (DCIR). HCV particles inhibit, via binding of E2 glycoprotein to CLRs, production of IFN-α and IFN-λ in pDCs exposed to HCV-infected hepatocytes, and induce in pDCs a rapid phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2, in a manner similar to the crosslinking of BDCA-2 or DCIR. Blocking of BDCA-2 and DCIR with Fab fragments of monoclonal antibodies preserves the capacity of pDCs to produce type I and III IFNs in the presence of HCV particles. Thus, negative interference of CLR signaling triggered by cell-free HCV particles with Toll-like receptor signaling triggered by cell-associated HCV results in the inhibition of the principal pDC function, production of IFN.
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46
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Orabona C, Pallotta MT, Grohmann U. Different partners, opposite outcomes: a new perspective of the immunobiology of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Mol Med 2012; 18:834-42. [PMID: 22481272 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a metabolic enzyme that catalyzes tryptophan conversion into kynurenines, is a crucial regulator of immunity. Altered IDO activity is often associated with pathology, including neoplasia and autoimmunity. IDO is highly expressed in dendritic cells (DCs) that exploit the enzyme's activity and the production of tryptophan catabolites to regulate immune responses by acting on several cell types, including T lymphocytes, of which they promote a regulatory phenotype. IDO also contains immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) that, once bound by distinct molecular partners, will either promote degradation or initiate signaling activity and self-maintenance of the enzyme. We here discuss how ITIM-dependent molecular events can affect the functional plasticity of IDO by modifying the protein half-life and its enzymic and nonenzymic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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47
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Mesman AW, Geijtenbeek TB. Pattern Recognition Receptors in HIV Transmission. Front Immunol 2012; 3:59. [PMID: 22566940 PMCID: PMC3341947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), Langerhans cells (LCs), and macrophages are innate immune cells that reside in genital and intestinal mucosal tissues susceptible to HIV-1 infection. These innate cells play distinct roles in initiation of HIV-1 infection and induction of anti-viral immunity. DCs are potent migratory cells that capture HIV-1 and transfer virus to CD4+ T cells in the lymph nodes, whereas LCs have a protective anti-viral function, and macrophages function as viral reservoirs since they produce viruses over prolonged times. These differences are due to the different immune functions of these cells partly dependent on the expression of specific pattern recognition receptors. Expression of Toll-like receptors, C-type lectin receptors, and cell-specific machinery for antigen uptake and processing strongly influence the outcome of virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies W Mesman
- Department for Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Abstract
Myeloid cells are key drivers of physiological responses to pathogen invasion or tissue damage. Members of the C-type lectin receptor (CLR) family stand out among the specialized receptors utilized by myeloid cells to orchestrate these responses. CLR ligands include carbohydrate, protein, and lipid components of both pathogens and self, which variably trigger endocytic, phagocytic, proinflammatory, or anti-inflammatory reactions. These varied outcomes rely on a versatile system for CLR signaling that includes tyrosine-based motifs that recruit kinases, phosphatases, or endocytic adaptors as well as nontyrosine-based signals that modulate the activation of other pathways or couple to the uptake machinery. Here, we review the signaling properties of myeloid CLRs and how they impact the role of myeloid cells in innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sancho
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, CNIC, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, E-28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the current knowledge of innate signaling events that are involved in HIV-1 infection. We here focus on dendritic cells, which are among the first cells that encounter HIV-1 after exposure. RECENT FINDINGS HIV-1 triggers multiple pattern recognition receptors on dendritic cells that facilitate infection and transmission to T cells. Triggering of the C-type lectin DC-SIGN induces signals that promote HIV-1 replication in dendritic cells and transmission to T cells. Similarly, dendritic cell immunoreceptor has been shown to bind HIV-1 and facilitate transmission to T cells. The cytosolic sensors TRIM5 and cyclophilin A recognize capsid proteins and activate antiviral responses to prevent HIV-1 infection. Moreover, activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by HIV downregulates autophagy preventing adaptive immune responses. SUMMARY Dendritic cells express an array of pattern recognition receptors that are involved in HIV-1 infection. However, HIV-1 dampens signaling by these receptors leading to suppressed responses or takes advantage of their signaling for its own benefit.
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