1
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Dong X, Ren J, Amoozgar Z, Lee S, Datta M, Roberge S, Duquette M, Fukumura D, Jain RK. Anti-VEGF therapy improves EGFR-vIII-CAR-T cell delivery and efficacy in syngeneic glioblastoma models in mice. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e005583. [PMID: 36898734 PMCID: PMC10008211 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have revolutionized the treatment of multiple types of hematological malignancies, but have shown limited efficacy in patients with glioblastoma (GBM) or other solid tumors. This may be largely due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that compromises CAR-T cells' delivery and antitumor activity. We previously showed that blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling can normalize tumor vessels in murine and human tumors, including GBM, breast, liver, and rectal carcinomas. Moreover, we demonstrated that vascular normalization can improve the delivery of CD8+ T cells and the efficacy of immunotherapy in breast cancer models in mice. In fact, the US FDA (Food and drug administration) has approved seven different combinations of anti-VEGF drugs and immune checkpoint blockers for liver, kidney, lung and endometrial cancers in the past 3 years. Here, we tested the hypothesis that anti-VEGF therapy can improve the delivery and efficacy of CAR-T cells in immunocompetent mice bearing orthotopic GBM tumors. We engineered two syngeneic mouse GBM cell lines (CT2A and GSC005) to express EGFRvIII-one of the most common neoantigens in human GBM-and CAR T cells to recognize EGFRvIII. We found that treatment with the anti-mouse VEGF antibody (B20) improved CAR-T cell infiltration and distribution throughout the GBM TME, delayed tumor growth, and prolonged survival of GBM-bearing mice compared with EGFRvIII-CAR-T cell therapy alone. Our findings provide compelling data and a rationale for clinical evaluation of anti-VEGF agents with CAR T cells for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zohreh Amoozgar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Somin Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meenal Datta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sylvie Roberge
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark Duquette
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dai Fukumura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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MacRitchie N, Maffia P. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy for quantitative three-dimensional imaging of vascular remodelling. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:348-350. [PMID: 32386306 PMCID: PMC7820857 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neil MacRitchie
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Sir Graeme Davies Building, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Sir Graeme Davies Building, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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3
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Transplant Islets Into the Pinna of the Ear: A Mouse Islet Transplant Model. Transplant Proc 2020; 53:450-456. [PMID: 32928554 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Islets transplanted under the ear skin would allow easy observation of the graft response and survival in vivo. This research was designed to establish an efficient mouse islet transplant model to probe the dynamic cellular interplay in vivo. METHODS Green fluorescent protein transgenic mice and BALB/c mice were used as donors and recipients. All recipients were divided into 6 groups of 6 mice each. First, we treated the transplant recipients, including diabetes induction, autologous epididymal fat pad, and MATRIGEL transplant to the ears. Then, 1. we transplanted isolated islets to the ear/ear with fat/ear with MATRIGEL; and 2. transplanted islets with collagen + basic fibroblast growth factor or islets with collagen + vascular endothelial growth factor. Mice in the control group received a sham transplantation with phosphate buffer saline. All recipients were then observed for 30 days with blood glucose (BG) monitoring. Finally, ears were removed with graft on day 28 for histologic examination. RESULTS It was suggested that transplant of islets alone could not correct hyperglycemia. Fat, MATRIGEL, collagen, and growth factors have the similar function to form a microenvironment conducive to islet survival. The effect of islet transplantation for correcting hyperglycemia of the fat modification group was better than other groups (P < .05). BG could be normalized, and living islets were detected by anti-insulin immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS Transplant islets into the ear with transplanted autologous fat is the optimal way which can be used to analyze the allograft response in vivo and track cell population and migration using labels by confocal microscopy.
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4
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Meehan GR, Scales HE, Osii R, De Niz M, Lawton JC, Marti M, Garside P, Craig A, Brewer JM. Developing a xenograft model of human vasculature in the mouse ear pinna. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2058. [PMID: 32029768 PMCID: PMC7004987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanised xenograft models allow for the analysis of human tissue within a physiological environment in vivo. However, current models often rely on the angiogenesis and ingrowth of recipient vasculature to perfuse tissues, preventing analysis of biological processes and diseases involving human blood vessels. This limits the effectiveness of xenografts in replicating human physiology and may lead to issues with translating findings into human research. We have designed a xenograft model of human vasculature to address this issue. Human subcutaneous fat was cultured in vitro to promote blood vessel outgrowth prior to implantation into immunocompromised mice. We demonstrate that implants survived, retained human vasculature and anastomosed with the circulatory system of the recipient mouse. Significantly, by performing transplants into the ear pinna, this system enabled intravital observation of xenografts by multiphoton microscopy, allowing us to visualise the steps leading to vascular cytoadherence of erythrocytes infected with the human parasite Plasmodium falciparum. This model represents a useful tool for imaging the interactions that occur within human tissues in vivo and permits visualization of blood flow and cellular recruitment in a system which is amenable to intervention for various studies in basic biology together with drug evaluation and mechanism of action studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R Meehan
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Hannah E Scales
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Rowland Osii
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Mariana De Niz
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jennifer C Lawton
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Matthias Marti
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Paul Garside
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Alister Craig
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - James M Brewer
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
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5
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De Niz M, Meehan GR, Tavares J. Intravital microscopy: Imaging host-parasite interactions in lymphoid organs. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13117. [PMID: 31512335 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intravital microscopy allows imaging of biological phenomena within living animals, including host-parasite interactions. This has advanced our understanding of both, the function of lymphoid organs during parasitic infections, and the effect of parasites on such organs to allow their survival. In parasitic research, recent developments in this technique have been crucial for the direct study of host-parasite interactions within organs at depths, speeds and resolution previously difficult to achieve. Lymphoid organs have gained more attention as we start to understand their function during parasitic infections and the effect of parasites on them. In this review, we summarise technical and biological findings achieved by intravital microscopy with respect to the interaction of various parasites with host lymphoid organs, namely the bone marrow, thymus, lymph nodes, spleen and the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, and present a view into possible future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana De Niz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Heussler Lab, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gavin R Meehan
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joana Tavares
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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6
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Shi Y, Zhu R, Xue Z, Han J, Han S. An in cellulo-activated multicolor cell labeling approach used to image dying cell clearance. Analyst 2019; 144:4687-4693. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00904c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dying cell clearance is critical for myriad biological processes such as tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Shi
- State key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology
- Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network
- School of Life Sciences
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen, Fujian
| | - Rui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Department of Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
| | - Zhongwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Department of Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology
- Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network
- School of Life Sciences
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen, Fujian
| | - Shoufa Han
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Department of Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
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7
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Das B, Pal P, Dadhich P, Dutta J, Dhara S. In Vivo Cell Tracking, Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging, and Antioxidative Gene Down Regulation by Long-Term Exposure of Biomass-Derived Carbon Dots. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:346-356. [PMID: 33405855 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Biomass derived carbon dots (CD) have been observed to be excellent bioimaging probes due to their nontoxic, stable fluorescence, lesser bleachability, and excellent bioconjugation properties. In the current study, green chili extract derived CD synthesis via microwave irradiation is reported. The time dependent top down degradation of carbonaceous materials to CD are monitored via electron microscopy and correlated with fluorescence intensity. Further, the CD were explored for long-term cell tracking and cell therapy monitoring in a rodent model to study wound healing kinetics. The cells were monitorable up to 21 days (until the entire wound healed). CD were observed to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro and in vivo and provided control over ROS scavenging enzyme gene expressions via down regulation. Further, it was observed to remodel the wound healing kinetics via altering granulation tissue distribution and formation of microvessels to establish the capability of CD to enhance wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodhisatwa Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Pallabi Pal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Prabhash Dadhich
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Joy Dutta
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Santanu Dhara
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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8
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Scales HE, Meehan GR, Hayes AJ, Benson RA, Watson E, Walters A, Tomura M, Maraskovsky E, Garside P, Baz Morelli A, Brewer JM. A Novel Cellular Pathway of Antigen Presentation and CD4 T Cell Activation in vivo. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2684. [PMID: 30524434 PMCID: PMC6262026 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell activation of CD4 T cells in the lymph node draining a site of infection or vaccination is widely considered the central event in initiating adaptive immunity. The accepted dogma is that this occurs by stimulating local activation and antigen acquisition by dendritic cells, with subsequent lymph node migration, however the generalizability of this mechanism is unclear. Here we show that in some circumstances antigen can bypass the injection site inflammatory response, draining freely and rapidly to the lymph nodes where it interacts with subcapsular sinus (SCS) macrophages resulting in their death. Debris from these dying SCS macrophages is internalized by monocytes recruited from the circulation. This coordinated response leads to antigen presentation by monocytes and interactions with naïve CD4 T cells that can drive the initiation of T cell and B cell responses. These studies demonstrate an entirely novel pathway leading to initiation of adaptive immune responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Scales
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin R Meehan
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J Hayes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Benson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Watson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michio Tomura
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Japan
| | | | - Paul Garside
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - James M Brewer
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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9
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Firl DJ, Degn SE, Padera T, Carroll MC. Capturing change in clonal composition amongst single mouse germinal centers. eLife 2018; 7:33051. [PMID: 30066671 PMCID: PMC6070335 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding cellular processes occurring in vivo on time scales of days to weeks requires repeatedly interrogating the same tissue without perturbing homeostasis. We describe a novel setup for longitudinal intravital imaging of murine peripheral lymph nodes (LNs). The formation and evolution of single germinal centers (GCs) was visualized over days to weeks. Naïve B cells encounter antigen and form primary foci, which subsequently seed GCs. These experience widely varying rates of homogenizing selection, even within closely confined spatial proximity. The fluidity of GCs is greater than previously observed with large shifts in clonality over short time scales; and loss of GCs is a rare, observable event. The observation of contemporaneous, congruent shifts in clonal composition between GCs within the same animal suggests inter-GC trafficking of memory B cells. This tool refines approaches to resolving immune dynamics in peripheral LNs with high temporospatial resolution and minimal perturbation of homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Firl
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, United States.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Maryland, United States
| | - Soren E Degn
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Timothy Padera
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Michael C Carroll
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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10
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Benson RA, Garcon F, Recino A, Ferdinand JR, Clatworthy MR, Waldmann H, Brewer JM, Okkenhaug K, Cooke A, Garside P, Wållberg M. Non-Invasive Multiphoton Imaging of Islets Transplanted Into the Pinna of the NOD Mouse Ear Reveals the Immediate Effect of Anti-CD3 Treatment in Autoimmune Diabetes. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1006. [PMID: 29867981 PMCID: PMC5968092 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a novel and readily accessible method facilitating cellular time-resolved imaging of transplanted pancreatic islets. Grafting of islets to the mouse ear pinna allows non-invasive, in vivo longitudinal imaging of events in the islets and enables improved acquisition of experimental data and use of fewer experimental animals than is possible using invasive techniques, as the same mouse can be assessed for the presence of islet infiltrating cells before and after immune intervention. We have applied this method to investigating therapeutic protection of beta cells through the well-established use of anti-CD3 injection, and have acquired unprecedented data on the nature and rapidity of the effect on the islet infiltrating T cells. We demonstrate that infusion of anti-CD3 antibody leads to immediate effects on islet infiltrating T cells in islet grafts in the pinna of the ear, and causes them to increase their speed and displacement within 20 min of infusion. This technique overcomes several technical challenges associated with intravital imaging of pancreatic immune responses and facilitates routine study of beta islet cell development, differentiation, and function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Benson
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Fabien Garcon
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Asha Recino
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John R. Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Herman Waldmann
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James M. Brewer
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Cooke
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Garside
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Maja Wållberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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11
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Longitudinal intravital imaging of the femoral bone marrow reveals plasticity within marrow vasculature. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2153. [PMID: 29255233 PMCID: PMC5735140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01538-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow is a central organ of the immune system, which hosts complex interactions of bone and immune compartments critical for hematopoiesis, immunological memory, and bone regeneration. Although these processes take place over months, most existing imaging techniques allow us to follow snapshots of only a few hours, at subcellular resolution. Here, we develop a microendoscopic multi-photon imaging approach called LIMB (longitudinal intravital imaging of the bone marrow) to analyze cellular dynamics within the deep marrow. The approach consists of a biocompatible plate surgically fixated to the mouse femur containing a gradient refractive index lens. This microendoscope allows highly resolved imaging, repeatedly at the same regions within marrow tissue, over months. LIMB reveals extensive vascular plasticity during bone healing and steady-state homeostasis. To our knowledge, this vascular plasticity is unique among mammalian tissues, and we expect this insight will decisively change our understanding of essential phenomena occurring within the bone marrow. Longitudinal imaging of bone marrow would shed insight into long-term cellular dynamics within this compartment. Here, the authors develop a multi-photon imaging approach for the mouse femur and reveal extensive vascular plasticity within the bone marrow during bone healing and steady-state homeostasis.
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12
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Jaigirdar SA, Benson RA, Elmesmari A, Kurowska-Stolarska MS, McInnes IB, Garside P, MacLeod MKL. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Promotes the Persistence of Activated CD4 T Cells in Inflamed Sites. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1627. [PMID: 29225602 PMCID: PMC5705559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation can be protective or pathogenic depending on context and timeframe. Acute inflammation, including the accumulation of CD4 T cells, accompanies protective immune responses to pathogens, but the presence of activated CD4 T cells at sites of inflammation is associated with chronic inflammatory disease. While significant progress has been made in understanding the migration of CD4 T cells into inflamed sites, the signals that lead to their persistence are poorly characterized. Using a murine ear model of acute inflammation and intravital two-photon imaging, we have dissected the signals that mediate CD4 T cell persistence. We report the unexpected finding that the bioactive lipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is both necessary and sufficient for the persistence of activated CD4 T cells at peripheral tissues in acute inflammation. S1P mediated the enhanced motility of CD4 T cells at inflamed tissues but did not affect their migration to the downstream draining lymph node. We found that sphingosine kinase-1, which regulates S1P production is increased at inflamed sites in mice and in patients with the chronic inflammatory disease, rheumatoid arthritis. Together, these data suggest that S1P, or its regulators, may be key targets to promote or disrupt accumulation of CD4 T cells at inflamed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafqat Ahrar Jaigirdar
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Benson
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Aziza Elmesmari
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Iain B McInnes
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Garside
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Megan K L MacLeod
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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13
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SipA Activation of Caspase-3 Is a Decisive Mediator of Host Cell Survival at Early Stages of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection. Infect Immun 2017. [PMID: 28630067 PMCID: PMC5563584 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00393-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella invasion protein A (SipA) is a dual-function effector protein that plays roles in both actin polymerization and caspase-3 activation in intestinal epithelial cells. To date its function in other cell types has remained largely unknown despite its expression in multiple cell types and its extracellular secretion during infection. Here we show that in macrophages SipA induces increased caspase-3 activation early in infection. This activation required a threshold level of SipA linked to multiplicity of infection and may be a limiting factor controlling bacterial numbers in infected macrophages. In polymorphonuclear leukocytes, SipA or other Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 effectors had no effect on induction of caspase-3 activation either alone or in the presence of whole bacteria. Tagging of SipA with the small fluorescent phiLOV tag, which can pass through the type three secretion system, allowed visualization and quantification of caspase-3 activation by SipA-phiLOV in macrophages. Additionally, SipA-phiLOV activation of caspase-3 could be tracked in the intestine through multiphoton laser scanning microscopy in an ex vivo intestinal model. This allowed visualization of areas where the intestinal epithelium had been compromised and demonstrated the potential use of this fluorescent tag for in vivo tracking of individual effectors.
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14
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Stephen J, Scales HE, Benson RA, Erben D, Garside P, Brewer JM. Neutrophil swarming and extracellular trap formation play a significant role in Alum adjuvant activity. NPJ Vaccines 2017; 2:1. [PMID: 29263862 PMCID: PMC5604741 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-016-0001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There are over 6 billion vaccine doses administered each year, most containing aluminium-based adjuvants, yet we still do not have a complete understanding of their mechanisms of action. Recent evidence has identified host DNA and downstream sensing as playing a significant role in aluminium adjuvant (aluminium hydroxide) activity. However, the cellular source of this DNA, how it is sensed by the immune system and the consequences of this for vaccination remains unclear. Here we show that the very early injection site reaction is characterised by inflammatory chemokine production and neutrophil recruitment. Intravital imaging demonstrates that the Alum injection site is a focus of neutrophil swarms and extracellular DNA strands. These strands were confirmed as neutrophil extracellular traps due to their sensitivity to DNAse and absence in mice deficient in peptidylarginine deiminase 4. Further studies in PAD4−/− mice confirmed a significant role for neutrophil extracellular trap formation in the adjuvant activity of Alum. By revealing neutrophils recruited to the site of Alum injection as a source of the DNA that is detected by the immune system this study provides the missing link between Alum injection and the activation of DNA sensors that enhance adjuvant activity, elucidating a key mechanism of action for this important vaccine component. Researchers have identified the mechanism of action in which aluminium hydroxide (alum) boosts the efficacy of co-administered vaccines. In this study, James Brewer and colleagues from the University of Glasgow, UK, studied the effects of alum co-administration in a mouse model, finding that the compound induces immune cells, called neutrophils, to swarm around the site of immunization and produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs, webs of DNA and cell contents formed under certain conditions of neutrophil cell death, immobilize pathogens and promote their elimination. This study builds on previous research and demonstrates that alum artificially stimulates this pathway to boost the adaptive immune response to vaccine antigens, increasing their immunogenicity. The authors also suggest further study into neutrophil components as potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stephen
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA Scotland UK
| | - H E Scales
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA Scotland UK
| | - R A Benson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA Scotland UK
| | - D Erben
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA Scotland UK
| | - P Garside
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA Scotland UK
| | - J M Brewer
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA Scotland UK
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15
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Chimen M, Apta BHR, Mcgettrick HM. Introduction: T Cell Trafficking in Inflammation and Immunity. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1591:73-84. [PMID: 28349476 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6931-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
T cell migration across vascular endothelium is essential for T cell responses, as through the expression of specific tissue-homing receptors, these cells then access peripheral tissues, with the goal of eliminating invading pathogens and/or tumor cells. However, aberrant trafficking of T cells to peripheral tissues contributes to the development of most chronic inflammatory diseases. Very little is known about the mechanisms by which T cell trafficking is regulated during inflammation, and it is thus difficult to target this aspect of pathology for the development of new therapies. It is therefore important to understand the pathways involved in regulating the recruitment of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Chimen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Bonita H R Apta
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Helen M Mcgettrick
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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16
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Flores-Borja F, Irshad S, Gordon P, Wong F, Sheriff I, Tutt A, Ng T. Crosstalk between Innate Lymphoid Cells and Other Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:7803091. [PMID: 27882334 PMCID: PMC5110869 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7803091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge and understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been recently expanded with the recognition of the important role of innate lymphoid cells (ILC). Three different groups of ILC have been described based on their ability to produce cytokines that mediate the interactions between innate and adaptive immune cells in a variety of immune responses in infection, allergy, and autoimmunity. However, recent evidence from experimental models and clinical studies has demonstrated that ILC contribute to the mechanisms that generate suppressive or tolerant environments that allow tumor regression or progression. Defining the complex network of interactions and crosstalk of ILC with other immune cells and understanding the specific contributions of each type of ILC leading to tumor development will allow the manipulation of their function and will be important to develop new interventions and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Flores-Borja
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sheeba Irshad
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Peter Gordon
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Felix Wong
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division & Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1ULK, UK
| | - Ibrahim Sheriff
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division & Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1ULK, UK
| | - Andrew Tutt
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Tony Ng
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division & Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1ULK, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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17
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Benson RA, McInnes IB, Brewer JM, Garside P. Cellular imaging in rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2015; 11:357-67. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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18
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Fumagalli S, Ortolano F, De Simoni MG. A close look at brain dynamics: Cells and vessels seen by in vivo two-photon microscopy. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 121:36-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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19
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Constantinescu A, Andrei E, Iordache F, Constantinescu E, Maniu H. Recellularization potential assessment of Wharton's Jelly-derived endothelial progenitor cells using a human fetal vascular tissue model. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 50:937-44. [PMID: 25124869 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9797-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from Wharton's Jelly have demonstrated an excellent differentiation potential into the endothelial lineage. We hypothesize that endothelial progenitor cells differentiated from Wharton's Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells have the potential to repopulate a decellularized vascular bed employed as a biological scaffold. For this purpose, we aimed at investigating the behavior of the endothelial progenitor cells in the decellularized matrix and their potential to repopulate decellularized human vascular tissue. Our main objectives were to differentiate Wharton's Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells into endothelial progenitor cells and to obtain a human vascular tissue slice experimental model using the umbilical cord arteries. We employed a decellularization method using enzymatic treatment of the umbilical cord arteries and a recellularization method with the endothelial progenitor cells differentiated from Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal cells in a co-culture system, in order to investigate our hypothesis. The cellular integration within the biological scaffold was determined by using flow cytometry analysis and confirmed by visualization of histological staining as well as fluorescence microscopy. The morphological observations of the recellularized scaffolds revealed the presence of endothelial progenitor cells within the decellularized tissue slices, displaying no degradation of the scaffold's extracellular matrix. The flow cytometry analysis revealed the presence of Wharton's Jelly-derived endothelial progenitor cells population in the decellularized fetal blood vessel scaffold after recellularization. In conclusion, our results have shown that an in vitro human vascular tissue slice experimental model using decellularized human fetal arteries is able to sustain an adequate scaffold for cellular implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Constantinescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicole Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 050568, Bucharest, Romania
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20
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Murine aortic smooth muscle cells acquire, though fail to present exogenous protein antigens on major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:949845. [PMID: 25136640 PMCID: PMC4127268 DOI: 10.1155/2014/949845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present study aortic murine smooth muscle cell (SMC) antigen presentation capacity was evaluated using the Eα-GFP/Y-Ae system to visualize antigen uptake through a GFP tag and tracking of Eα peptide/MHCII presentation using the Y-Ae Ab. Stimulation with IFN-γ (100 ng/mL) for 72 h caused a significant (P < 0.01) increase in the percentage of MHC class II positive SMCs, compared with unstimulated cells. Treatment with Eα-GFP (100 μg/mL) for 48 h induced a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the percentage of GFP positive SMCs while it did not affect the percentage of Y-Ae positive cells, being indicative of antigen uptake without its presentation in the context of MHC class II. After IFN-γ-stimulation, ovalbumin- (OVA, 1 mg/mL) or OVA323–339 peptide-(0.5 μg/mL) treated SMCs failed to induce OT-II CD4+ T cell activation/proliferation; this was also accompanied by a lack of expression of key costimulatory molecules (OX40L, CD40, CD70, and CD86) on SMCs. Finally, OVA-treated SMCs failed to induce DO11.10-GFP hybridoma activation, a process independent of costimulation. Our results demonstrate that while murine primary aortic SMCs express MHC class II and can acquire exogenous antigens, they fail to activate T cells through a failure in antigen presentation and a lack of costimulatory molecule expression.
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21
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Ali-von Laue C, Zoschke C, Do N, Lehnen D, Küchler S, Mehnert W, Blaschke T, Kramer KD, Plendl J, Weindl G, Korting HC, Hoeller Obrigkeit D, Merk HF, Schäfer-Korting M. Improving topical non-melanoma skin cancer treatment: In vitro efficacy of a novel guanosine-analog phosphonate. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 27:173. [PMID: 24503861 DOI: 10.1159/000354118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Actinic keratosis, a frequent carcinoma in situ of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), can transform into life-threatening cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Current treatment is limited due to low complete clearance rates and asks for novel therapeutic concepts; the novel purine nucleotide analogue OxBu may be an option. In order to enhance skin penetration, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN, 136-156 nm) were produced with an OxBu entrapment efficiency of 96.5 ± 0.1%. For improved preclinical evaluation, we combined tissue engineering with clinically used keratin-18 quantification. Three doses of 10(-3) mol/l OxBu, dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline as well as loaded to SLN, were effective on reconstructed NMSC. Tumour response and apoptosis induction were evaluated by an increase in caspase-cleaved fragment of keratin-18, caspase-7 activation as well as by reduced expression of matrix metallopeptidase-2 and Ki-67. OxBu efficacy was superior to equimolar 5-fluorouracil solution, and thus the drug should be subjected to the next step in preclinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ali-von Laue
- Institute for Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Truman LA, A-Gonzalez N, Bentley KL, Ruddle NH. Lymphatic vessel function in head and neck inflammation. Lymphat Res Biol 2013; 11:187-92. [PMID: 24044758 PMCID: PMC3780307 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2013.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serious infections of the head and neck cause lymphedema that can lead to airway compromise and oropharyngeal obstruction. Lymphangiogenesis occurs in the head and neck during infection and after immunization. The goal of this project was to develop tools to image lymphatic vessels in living animals and to be able to isolate individual lymphatic endothelial cells in order to quantify changes in single cells caused by inflammation. METHODS The ProxTom transgenic red-fluorescent reporter mouse was developed specifically for the purpose of imaging lymphatic vessels in vivo. Prox1 is a transcription factor that is necessary for lymphangiogenesis in development and for the maintenance of lymphatics in adulthood. Mice were immunized and their lymphatic vessels in lymph nodes were imaged in vivo. Individual lymphatic endothelial cells were isolated by means of their fluorescence. RESULTS The ProxTom transgene has the red-fluorescent reporter td-Tomato under the control of Prox1 regulatory elements. tdTomato was faithfully expressed in lymphatic vessels coincident with endogenous Prox1 expression. We show lymphangiogenesis in vivo after immunization and demonstrate a method for the isolation of lymphatic endothelial cells by their tdTomato red-fluorescence. CONCLUSIONS The faithful expression of the red-fluorescent reporter in the lymphatic vessels of ProxTom means that these mice have proven utility for in vivo study of lymphatic vessels in the immune response. ProxTom has been made available for distribution from the Jackson Laboratory: http://jaxmice.jax.org/strain/018128.html .
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A. Truman
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Noelia A-Gonzalez
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kevin L. Bentley
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nancy H. Ruddle
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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23
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Lawton JC, Benson RA, Garside P, Brewer JM. Using lymph node transplantation as an approach to image cellular interactions between the skin and draining lymph nodes during parasitic infections. Parasitol Int 2013; 63:165-70. [PMID: 23892176 PMCID: PMC3863950 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The growing use of protozoan parasites expressing fluorescent reporter genes, together with advances in microscopy, is enabling visualisation of their behaviour and functions within the host from the very earliest stages of infection with previously unparalleled spatiotemporal resolution. These developments have begun to provide novel insights, which are informing our understanding of where host immune responses may be initiated, which cells are involved and the types of response that are elicited. Here we will review some of these recent observations that highlight the importance of cellular communication between the site of infection and the draining lymph node (dLN) in establishing infection and immunity. We also highlight a number of remaining challenges and unknowns that arise through our inability to follow and fate map the journey of a single cell between spatially separated tissue sites. In response to these challenges, we review a recently described experimental strategy that extends the spatial and temporal limits of previous imaging approaches, most significantly allowing longitudinal analysis of cellular migration between the skin and draining lymph nodes in vivo, without the requirement for invasive surgery. Role of skin and LN communication in establishing infection and immunity A technique to extend the spatial and temporal limits of tissue imaging This approach does not require invasive surgery for imaging. We can follow the journey of a single cell between spatially separated tissue sites. We outline future applications for this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Lawton
- Wellcome Trust Centre For Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
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24
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Chan KT, Jones SW, Brighton HE, Bo T, Cochran SD, Sharpless NE, Bear JE. Intravital imaging of a spheroid-based orthotopic model of melanoma in the mouse ear skin. INTRAVITAL 2013; 2. [PMID: 28748125 DOI: 10.4161/intv.25805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy is a powerful tool that enables the visualization of fluorescently tagged tumor cells and their stromal interactions within tissues in vivo. We have developed an orthotopic model of implanting multicellular melanoma tumor spheroids into the dermis of the mouse ear skin without the requirement for invasive surgery. Here, we demonstrate the utility of this approach to observe the primary tumor, single cell actin dynamics, and tumor-associated vasculature. These methods can be broadly applied to investigate an array of biological questions regarding tumor cell behavior in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keefe T Chan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Stephen W Jones
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Hailey E Brighton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Tao Bo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Shelly D Cochran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Norman E Sharpless
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - James E Bear
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA
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Braddock M. Cambridge Healthtech Institute's Third Annual Anti-inflammatories: Small Molecules Meeting, April 17 th– 18 th2012, San Diego, USA. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.707194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Braddock
- Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG England, UK
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