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Van den Bossche F, Tevel V, Gilis F, Gaussin JF, Boonen M, Jadot M. Residence of the Nucleotide Sugar Transporter Family Members SLC35F1 and SLC35F6 in the Endosomal/Lysosomal Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6718. [PMID: 38928424 PMCID: PMC11203873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The SLC35 (Solute Carrier 35) family members acting as nucleotide sugar transporters are typically localized in the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus. It is, therefore, intriguing that some reports document the presence of orphan transporters SLC35F1 and SLC35F6 within the endosomal and lysosomal system. Here, we compared the subcellular distribution of these proteins and found that they are concentrated in separate compartments; i.e., recycling endosomes for SLC35F1 and lysosomes for SLC35F6. Swapping the C-terminal tail of these proteins resulted in a switch of localization, with SLC35F1 being trafficked to lysosomes while SLC35F6 remained in endosomes. This suggested the presence of specific sorting signals in these C-terminal regions. Using site-directed mutagenesis, fluorescence microscopy, and cell surface biotinylation assays, we found that the EQERLL360 signal located in the cytoplasmic tail of human SLC35F6 is involved in its lysosomal sorting (as previously shown for this conserved sequence in mouse SLC35F6), and that SLC35F1 localization in the recycling pathway depends on two YXXΦ-type signals: a Y367KQF sequence facilitates its internalization from the plasma membrane, while a Y392TSL motif prevents its transport to lysosomes, likely by promoting SLC35F1 recycling to the cell surface. Taken together, these results support that some SLC35 members may function at different levels of the endosomal and lysosomal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Van den Bossche
- Physiological Chemistry Laboratory, URPhyM, NARILIS, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (F.V.d.B.); (V.T.); (F.G.)
- Laboratory of Intracellular Trafficking Biology, URPhyM, NARILIS, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium;
| | - Virginie Tevel
- Physiological Chemistry Laboratory, URPhyM, NARILIS, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (F.V.d.B.); (V.T.); (F.G.)
- Laboratory of Intracellular Trafficking Biology, URPhyM, NARILIS, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium;
| | - Florentine Gilis
- Physiological Chemistry Laboratory, URPhyM, NARILIS, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (F.V.d.B.); (V.T.); (F.G.)
- Laboratory of Intracellular Trafficking Biology, URPhyM, NARILIS, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium;
| | - Jean-François Gaussin
- Laboratory of Intracellular Trafficking Biology, URPhyM, NARILIS, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium;
| | - Marielle Boonen
- Laboratory of Intracellular Trafficking Biology, URPhyM, NARILIS, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium;
| | - Michel Jadot
- Physiological Chemistry Laboratory, URPhyM, NARILIS, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (F.V.d.B.); (V.T.); (F.G.)
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2
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Qiu L, Chen X, Zhu L, Yao R, Qi P. ChIP-seq identifies McSLC35E2 as a novel target gene of McNrf2 in Mytilus coruscus, highlighting its role in the regulation of oxidative stress response in marine mollusks. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1282900. [PMID: 37869713 PMCID: PMC10587546 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1282900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a crucial role in the oxidative regulatory process, which could trigger hundreds of antioxidant elements to confront xenobiotics. In the previous study, we identified Nrf2 from the marine mussel Mytilus coruscus, and the findings demonstrated that McNrf2 effectively protected the mussels against oxidative stress induced by benzopyrene (Bap). In order to delve deeper into the underlying mechanism, we utilized Chromatin Immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) technology to systematically identify potential novel target genes of McNrf2. A total of 3,465 potential target genes were screened, of which 219 owned binding sites located within the promoter region. During subsequent experimental verification, it was found that McSLC35E2, a candidate target gene of McNrf2, exhibited negative regulation by McNrf2, as confirmed through dual luciferase and qRT-PCR detection. Further, the enzyme activity tests demonstrated that McNrf2 could counteract Bap induced oxidative stress by inhibiting McSLC35E2. The current study provides valuable insights into the application of ChIP-seq technology in the research of marine mollusks, advancing our understanding of the key role of Nrf2 in antioxidant defense mechanisms, and highlighting the significance of SLC35E2 in the highly sophisticated regulation of oxidative stress response in marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pengzhi Qi
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Paul M, Golla K, Kim H. Gelsolin Modulates Platelet Dense Granule Secretion and Hemostasis via the Actin Cytoskeleton. Thromb Haemost 2023; 123:219-230. [PMID: 36522181 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The mechanisms underlying platelet granule release are not fully understood. The actin cytoskeleton serves as the platelet's structural framework that is remodeled upon platelet activation. Gelsolin is a calcium-dependent protein that severs and caps existing actin filaments although its role in modulating platelet granule exocytosis is unknown. METHODS The hemostatic function of wild-type (WT) and gelsolin null (Gsn-/- ) mice was measured ex vivo by rotational thromboelastometry analysis of whole blood. Platelets were purified from WT and Gsn-/- mouse blood and activated with thrombin. Platelet aggregation was assessed by light-transmission aggregometry. Clot retraction was measured to assess outside-in integrin signaling. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release and surface P-selectin were measured as markers of dense- and α-granule secretion, respectively. RESULTS The kinetics of agonist-induced aggregation, clot retraction, and ATP release were accelerated in Gsn-/- platelets relative to WT. However, levels of surface P-selectin were diminished in Gsn-/- platelets. ATP release was also accelerated in WT platelets pretreated with the actin-depolymerizing drug cytochalasin D, thus mimicking the kinetics observed in Gsn-/- platelets. Conversely, ATP release kinetics were normalized in Gsn-/- platelets treated with the actin polymerization agonist jasplakinolide. Rab27b and Munc13-4 are vesicle-priming proteins known to promote dense granule secretion. Co-immunoprecipitation indicates that the association between Rab27b and Munc13-4 is enhanced in Gsn-/- platelets. CONCLUSIONS Gelsolin regulates the kinetics of hemostasis by modulating the platelet's actin cytoskeleton and the protein machinery of dense granule exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Paul
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kalyan Golla
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hugh Kim
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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4
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Puckett EE, Davis IS, Harper DC, Wakamatsu K, Battu G, Belant JL, Beyer DE, Carpenter C, Crupi AP, Davidson M, DePerno CS, Forman N, Fowler NL, Garshelis DL, Gould N, Gunther K, Haroldson M, Ito S, Kocka D, Lackey C, Leahy R, Lee-Roney C, Lewis T, Lutto A, McGowan K, Olfenbuttel C, Orlando M, Platt A, Pollard MD, Ramaker M, Reich H, Sajecki JL, Sell SK, Strules J, Thompson S, van Manen F, Whitman C, Williamson R, Winslow F, Kaelin CB, Marks MS, Barsh GS. Genetic architecture and evolution of color variation in American black bears. Curr Biol 2023; 33:86-97.e10. [PMID: 36528024 PMCID: PMC10039708 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Color variation is a frequent evolutionary substrate for camouflage in small mammals, but the underlying genetics and evolutionary forces that drive color variation in natural populations of large mammals are mostly unexplained. The American black bear, Ursus americanus (U. americanus), exhibits a range of colors including the cinnamon morph, which has a similar color to the brown bear, U. arctos, and is found at high frequency in the American southwest. Reflectance and chemical melanin measurements showed little distinction between U. arctos and cinnamon U. americanus individuals. We used a genome-wide association for hair color as a quantitative trait in 151 U. americanus individuals and identified a single major locus (p < 10-13). Additional genomic and functional studies identified a missense alteration (R153C) in Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) that likely affects binding of the zinc cofactor, impairs protein localization, and results in decreased pigment production. Population genetic analyses and demographic modeling indicated that the R153C variant arose 9.36 kya in a southwestern population where it likely provided a selective advantage, spreading both northwards and eastwards by gene flow. A different TYRP1 allele, R114C, contributes to the characteristic brown color of U. arctos but is not fixed across the range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Puckett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | - Isis S Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Dawn C Harper
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Institute for Melanin Chemistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Gopal Battu
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Jerrold L Belant
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Dean E Beyer
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Colin Carpenter
- West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, Beckley, WV 25801, USA
| | - Anthony P Crupi
- Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Douglas, Juneau, AK 99824, USA
| | - Maria Davidson
- The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70898, USA
| | - Christopher S DePerno
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7646, USA
| | - Nicholas Forman
- New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe, NM 87507, USA
| | - Nicholas L Fowler
- Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Douglas, Juneau, AK 99824, USA
| | - David L Garshelis
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Grand Rapids, MN 55744, USA; IUCN SSC Bear Specialist Group
| | - Nicholas Gould
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7646, USA
| | - Kerry Gunther
- National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190-0168, USA
| | - Mark Haroldson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
| | - Shosuke Ito
- Institute for Melanin Chemistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - David Kocka
- Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources, Verona, VA 24482, USA
| | - Carl Lackey
- Nevada Department of Wildlife, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - Ryan Leahy
- National Park Service, Yosemite National Park Wildlife Management, Yosemite, CA 95389, USA
| | - Caitlin Lee-Roney
- National Park Service, Yosemite National Park Wildlife Management, Yosemite, CA 95389, USA
| | - Tania Lewis
- National Park Service, Glacier Bay National Park, Gustavus, AK 99826, USA
| | - Ashley Lutto
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669, USA
| | - Kelly McGowan
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Mike Orlando
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Tallahassee, FL 32399, USA
| | - Alexander Platt
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew D Pollard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Megan Ramaker
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | | | - Jaime L Sajecki
- Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources, Verona, VA 24482, USA
| | - Stephanie K Sell
- Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Douglas, Juneau, AK 99824, USA
| | - Jennifer Strules
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7646, USA
| | - Seth Thompson
- Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources, Verona, VA 24482, USA
| | - Frank van Manen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
| | - Craig Whitman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
| | - Ryan Williamson
- National Park Service, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Gatlinburg, TN 37738, USA
| | | | - Christopher B Kaelin
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gregory S Barsh
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA; Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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5
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Xin Y, Peng J, Hong YY, Chao QC, Na S, Pan S, Zhao LF. Advances in research on the effects of platelet activation in acute lung injury (Review). Biomed Rep 2022; 16:17. [PMID: 35154701 PMCID: PMC8814673 DOI: 10.3892/br.2022.1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute hypoxic respiratory insufficiency or failure caused by various factors inside and outside the lungs. ALI is associated with high morbidity and a poor prognosis in hospitalized patients. The lungs serve as a reservoir for platelet precursor megakaryocytes and are closely associated with platelets. Platelets not only play a central role in hemostasis, coagulation and wound healing, but can also act as inflammatory cells capable of stimulating non-hemostatic immune functions under inflammatory conditions, participating in the progression of various inflammatory diseases, and can result in tissue damage. Therefore, it was speculated that platelets may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ALI. In this review, the latest research progress on secretion of bioactive mediators from platelets, platelet activation-related signaling pathways, and the direct contact reactions between platelets and neutrophils with endothelial cells that result in ALI are described, providing evidence to support the importance of the consideration of platelets in the search for ALI interventional targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xin
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
| | - Yu Yun Hong
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Cong Chao
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
| | - Su Na
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
| | - Sun Pan
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
| | - Lin Fang Zhao
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
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6
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Li W, Hao CJ, Hao ZH, Ma J, Wang QC, Yuan YF, Gong JJ, Chen YY, Yu JY, Wei AH. New insights into the pathogenesis of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:290-302. [PMID: 35129281 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is characterized by defects of multiple tissue-specific lysosome-related organelles (LROs), typically manifesting with oculocutaneous albinism or ocular albinism, bleeding tendency, and in some cases with pulmonary fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease or immunodeficiency, neuropsychological disorders. Eleven HPS subtypes in humans and at least 15 subtypes in mice have been molecularly identified. Current understanding of the underlying mechanisms of HPS is focusing on the defective biogenesis of LROs. Compelling evidences have shown that HPS protein-associated complexes (HPACs) function in cargo transport, cargo recycling, and cargo removal to maintain LRO homeostasis. Further investigation on the molecular and cellular mechanism of LRO biogenesis and secretion will be helpful for better understanding of its pathogenesis and for the precise intervention of HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chan-Juan Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao-Chu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye-Feng Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan-Juan Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Ying Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Ying Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Center of Rare Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Hua Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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7
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Qian C, Wu Z, Sun R, Yu H, Zeng J, Rao Y, Li Y. Localization, proteomics, and metabolite profiling reveal a putative vesicular transporter for UDP-glucose. eLife 2021; 10:65417. [PMID: 34269178 PMCID: PMC8373376 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicular neurotransmitter transporters (VNTs) mediate the selective uptake and enrichment of small-molecule neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles (SVs) and are therefore a major determinant of the synaptic output of specific neurons. To identify novel VNTs expressed on SVs (thus identifying new neurotransmitters and/or neuromodulators), we conducted localization profiling of 361 solute carrier (SLC) transporters tagging with a fluorescent protein in neurons, which revealed 40 possible candidates through comparison with a known SV marker. We parallelly performed proteomics analysis of immunoisolated SVs and identified seven transporters in overlap. Ultrastructural analysis further supported that one of the transporters, SLC35D3, localized to SVs. Finally, by combining metabolite profiling with a radiolabeled substrate transport assay, we identified UDP-glucose as the principal substrate for SLC35D3. These results provide new insights into the functional role of SLC transporters in neurotransmission and improve our understanding of the molecular diversity of chemical transmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofa Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Rongbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Huasheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
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8
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Yuan Y, Liu T, Huang X, Chen Y, Zhang W, Li T, Yang L, Chen Q, Wang Y, Wei A, Li W. A zinc transporter, transmembrane protein 163, is critical for the biogenesis of platelet dense granules. Blood 2021; 137:1804-1817. [PMID: 33513603 PMCID: PMC8020268 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020007389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) are a category of secretory organelles enriched with ions such as calcium, which are maintained by ion transporters or channels. Homeostasis of these ions is important for LRO biogenesis and secretion. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a recessive disorder with defects in multiple LROs, typically platelet dense granules (DGs) and melanosomes. However, the underlying mechanism of DG deficiency is largely unknown. Using quantitative proteomics, we identified a previously unreported platelet zinc transporter, transmembrane protein 163 (TMEM163), which was significantly reduced in BLOC-1 (Dtnbp1sdy and Pldnpa)-, BLOC-2 (Hps6ru)-, or AP-3 (Ap3b1pe)-deficient mice and HPS patients (HPS2, HPS3, HPS5, HPS6, or HPS9). We observed similar platelet DG defects and higher intracellular zinc accumulation in platelets of mice deficient in either TMEM163 or dysbindin (a BLOC-1 subunit). In addition, we discovered that BLOC-1 was required for the trafficking of TMEM163 to perinuclear DG and late endosome marker-positive compartments (likely DG precursors) in MEG-01 cells. Our results suggest that TMEM163 is critical for DG biogenesis and that BLOC-1 is required for the trafficking of TMEM163 to putative DG precursors. These new findings suggest that loss of TMEM163 function results in disruption of intracellular zinc homeostasis and provide insights into the pathogenesis of HPS or platelet storage pool deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefeng Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects/Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center/National Center for Children's Health, and Beijing Children's Hospital/Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Shunyi Women and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanying Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects/Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center/National Center for Children's Health, and Beijing Children's Hospital/Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weilin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Ting Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects/Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center/National Center for Children's Health, and Beijing Children's Hospital/Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Shunyi Women and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
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9
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Le L, Escobar IE, Ho T, Lefkovith AJ, Latteri E, Haltaufderhyde KD, Dennis MK, Plowright L, Sviderskaya EV, Bennett DC, Oancea E, Marks MS. SLC45A2 protein stability and regulation of melanosome pH determine melanocyte pigmentation. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2687-2702. [PMID: 32966160 PMCID: PMC7927184 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-03-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC45A2 encodes a putative transporter expressed primarily in pigment cells. SLC45A2 mutations cause oculocutaneous albinism type 4 (OCA4) and polymorphisms are associated with pigmentation variation, but the localization, function, and regulation of SLC45A2 and its variants remain unknown. We show that SLC45A2 localizes to a cohort of mature melanosomes that only partially overlaps with the cohort expressing the chloride channel OCA2. SLC45A2 expressed ectopically in HeLa cells localizes to lysosomes and raises lysosomal pH, suggesting that in melanocytes SLC45A2 expression, like OCA2 expression, results in the deacidification of maturing melanosomes to support melanin synthesis. Interestingly, OCA2 overexpression compensates for loss of SLC45A2 expression in pigmentation. Analyses of SLC45A2- and OCA2-deficient mouse melanocytes show that SLC45A2 likely functions later during melanosome maturation than OCA2. Moreover, the light skin-associated SLC45A2 allelic F374 variant restores only moderate pigmentation to SLC45A2-deficient melanocytes due to rapid proteasome-dependent degradation resulting in lower protein expression levels in melanosomes than the dark skin-associated allelic L374 variant. Our data suggest that SLC45A2 maintains melanosome neutralization that is initially orchestrated by transient OCA2 activity to support melanization at late stages of melanosome maturation, and that a common allelic variant imparts reduced activity due to protein instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Le
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology and.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Iliana E Escobar
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Tina Ho
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology and.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ariel J Lefkovith
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology and.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Emily Latteri
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology and
| | - Kirk D Haltaufderhyde
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Megan K Dennis
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology and.,Biology Department, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601
| | - Lynn Plowright
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Elena V Sviderskaya
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Dorothy C Bennett
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Elena Oancea
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology and
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10
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Pennamen P, Le L, Tingaud-Sequeira A, Fiore M, Bauters A, Van Duong Béatrice N, Coste V, Bordet JC, Plaisant C, Diallo M, Michaud V, Trimouille A, Lacombe D, Lasseaux E, Delevoye C, Picard FM, Delobel B, Marks MS, Arveiler B. BLOC1S5 pathogenic variants cause a new type of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Genet Med 2020; 22:1613-1622. [PMID: 32565547 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-0867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, excessive bleeding, and often additional symptoms. Variants in ten different genes have been involved in HPS. However, some patients lack variants in these genes. We aimed to identify new genes involved in nonsyndromic or syndromic forms of albinism. METHODS Two hundred thirty albinism patients lacking a molecular diagnosis of albinism were screened for pathogenic variants in candidate genes with known links to pigmentation or HPS pathophysiology. RESULTS We identified two unrelated patients with distinct homozygous variants of the BLOC1S5 gene. Patients had mild oculocutaneous albinism, moderate bleeding diathesis, platelet aggregation deficit, and a dramatically decreased number of platelet dense granules, all signs compatible with HPS. Functional tests performed on platelets of one patient displayed an absence of the obligate multisubunit complex BLOC-1, showing that the variant disrupts BLOC1S5 function and impairs BLOC-1 assembly. Expression of the patient-derived BLOC1S5 deletion in nonpigmented murine Bloc1s5-/- melan-mu melanocytes failed to rescue pigmentation, the assembly of a functional BLOC-1 complex, and melanosome cargo trafficking, unlike the wild-type allele. CONCLUSION Mutation of BLOC1S5 is disease-causing, and we propose that BLOC1S5 is the gene for a new form of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, HPS-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Pennamen
- Rare Diseases, Genetics and Metabolism, INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Linh Le
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angèle Tingaud-Sequeira
- Rare Diseases, Genetics and Metabolism, INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathieu Fiore
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Reference Center for Platelet Disorders, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Anne Bauters
- Hémostase et Transfusion CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | - Claudio Plaisant
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Modibo Diallo
- Rare Diseases, Genetics and Metabolism, INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Michaud
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélien Trimouille
- Rare Diseases, Genetics and Metabolism, INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Rare Diseases, Genetics and Metabolism, INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eulalie Lasseaux
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris, France
| | | | - Bruno Delobel
- Centre de Génétique Chromosomique, GHICL, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille, France
| | - Michael S Marks
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benoit Arveiler
- Rare Diseases, Genetics and Metabolism, INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. .,Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
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11
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Karampini E, Bierings R, Voorberg J. Orchestration of Primary Hemostasis by Platelet and Endothelial Lysosome-Related Organelles. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1441-1453. [PMID: 32375545 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Megakaryocyte-derived platelets and endothelial cells store their hemostatic cargo in α- and δ-granules and Weibel-Palade bodies, respectively. These storage granules belong to the lysosome-related organelles (LROs), a heterogeneous group of organelles that are rapidly released following agonist-induced triggering of intracellular signaling pathways. Following vascular injury, endothelial Weibel-Palade bodies release their content into the vascular lumen and promote the formation of long VWF (von Willebrand factor) strings that form an adhesive platform for platelets. Binding to VWF strings as well as exposed subendothelial collagen activates platelets resulting in the release of α- and δ-granules, which are crucial events in formation of a primary hemostatic plug. Biogenesis and secretion of these LROs are pivotal for the maintenance of proper hemostasis. Several bleeding disorders have been linked to abnormal generation of LROs in megakaryocytes and endothelial cells. Recent reviews have emphasized common pathways in the biogenesis and biological properties of LROs, focusing mainly on melanosomes. Despite many similarities, LROs in platelet and endothelial cells clearly possess distinct properties that allow them to provide a highly coordinated and synergistic contribution to primary hemostasis by sequentially releasing hemostatic cargo. In this brief review, we discuss in depth the known regulators of α- and δ-granules in megakaryocytes/platelets and Weibel-Palade bodies in endothelial cells, starting from transcription factors that have been associated with granule formation to protein complexes that promote granule maturation. In addition, we provide a detailed view on the interplay between platelet and endothelial LROs in controlling hemostasis as well as their dysfunction in LRO related bleeding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Karampini
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory (E.K., R.B., J.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben Bierings
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory (E.K., R.B., J.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.)
| | - Jan Voorberg
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory (E.K., R.B., J.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Experimental Vascular Medicine (J.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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12
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Li W, Wu K, Liu Y, Yang Y, Wang W, Li X, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Zhou R, Tang H. Molecular cloning of SLC35D3 and analysis of its role during porcine intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation. BMC Genet 2020; 21:20. [PMID: 32087688 PMCID: PMC7036214 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-0822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Solute carrier family 35 (SLC35) is one of a large number of membrane transporter protein families. Member D3 of this family is thought to be involved in adipose deposition and metabolic control. Results We obtained 2238 bp cDNA of porcine SLC35D3, it contains a 1272 bp ORF, encoding a 423 amino acid polypeptide, and a 966 bp 3′ UTR. BLAST results revealed that the amino acid sequence of porcine SLC35D3 had the closest phylogenetic relationship with members of the genus Ovis aries. Further bioinformatics analysis showed that the SLC35D3 protein contains 8 transmembrane domains, and that there is no signal peptide structure. The secondary structure of the protein mainly contains 37.12% α-helixes, 7.8% in β-folds, and 33.57% random coils. mRNA expression analysis showed that SLC35D3 is expressed in lung, liver, heart, spleen, kidney, longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM), leaf fat (LF), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). To examine the effects of SLC35D3 expression on fat synthesis and catabolism, SLC35D3-siRNA was transfected into cultured intramuscular adipocytes. SLC35D3 silenced cells showed increased expression of genes related to fat synthesis, and increased deposition of intramuscular fat (IMF), abundance of lipid droplets, and the level of free fatty acid (FFA) in the culture medium. In contrast, the siRNA decreased the expression genes involved in fat catabolism. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that silenced SLC35D3 results in increased adipogenic processes in pig intramuscular adipocytes. These data represent the first exploration of SLC35D3 expression in swine, and provide valuable insights into the functions of SLC35D3 in adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China.,The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Keliang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalan Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Tang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Abstract
Protein coats are supramolecular complexes that assemble on the cytosolic face of membranes to promote cargo sorting and transport carrier formation in the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells. Several types of protein coats have been described, including COPI, COPII, AP-1, AP-2, AP-3, AP-4, AP-5, and retromer, which operate at different stages of the endomembrane system. Defects in these coats impair specific transport pathways, compromising the function and viability of the cells. In humans, mutations in subunits of these coats cause various congenital diseases that are collectively referred to as coatopathies. In this article, we review the fundamental properties of protein coats and the diseases that result from mutation of their constituent subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban C Dell'Angelica
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
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14
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van der Beek J, Jonker C, van der Welle R, Liv N, Klumperman J. CORVET, CHEVI and HOPS – multisubunit tethers of the endo-lysosomal system in health and disease. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/10/jcs189134. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.189134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Multisubunit tethering complexes (MTCs) are multitasking hubs that form a link between membrane fusion, organelle motility and signaling. CORVET, CHEVI and HOPS are MTCs of the endo-lysosomal system. They regulate the major membrane flows required for endocytosis, lysosome biogenesis, autophagy and phagocytosis. In addition, individual subunits control complex-independent transport of specific cargoes and exert functions beyond tethering, such as attachment to microtubules and SNARE activation. Mutations in CHEVI subunits lead to arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction and cholestasis (ARC) syndrome, while defects in CORVET and, particularly, HOPS are associated with neurodegeneration, pigmentation disorders, liver malfunction and various forms of cancer. Diseases and phenotypes, however, vary per affected subunit and a concise overview of MTC protein function and associated human pathologies is currently lacking. Here, we provide an integrated overview on the cellular functions and pathological defects associated with CORVET, CHEVI or HOPS proteins, both with regard to their complexes and as individual subunits. The combination of these data provides novel insights into how mutations in endo-lysosomal proteins lead to human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan van der Beek
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Institute for Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Caspar Jonker
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Institute for Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Reini van der Welle
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Institute for Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Nalan Liv
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Institute for Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Institute for Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
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15
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Sosicka P, Bazan B, Maszczak-Seneczko D, Shauchuk Y, Olczak T, Olczak M. SLC35A5 Protein-A Golgi Complex Member with Putative Nucleotide Sugar Transport Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020276. [PMID: 30641943 PMCID: PMC6359379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier family 35 member A5 (SLC35A5) is a member of the SLC35A protein subfamily comprising nucleotide sugar transporters. However, the function of SLC35A5 is yet to be experimentally determined. In this study, we inactivated the SLC35A5 gene in the HepG2 cell line to study a potential role of this protein in glycosylation. Introduced modification affected neither N- nor O-glycans. There was also no influence of the gene knock-out on glycolipid synthesis. However, inactivation of the SLC35A5 gene caused a slight increase in the level of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Moreover, inactivation of the SLC35A5 gene resulted in the decrease of the uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronic acid, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine Golgi uptake, with no influence on the UDP-galactose transport activity. Further studies demonstrated that SLC35A5 localized exclusively to the Golgi apparatus. Careful insight into the protein sequence revealed that the C-terminus of this protein is extremely acidic and contains distinctive motifs, namely DXEE, DXD, and DXXD. Our studies show that the C-terminus is directed toward the cytosol. We also demonstrated that SLC35A5 formed homomers, as well as heteromers with other members of the SLC35A protein subfamily. In conclusion, the SLC35A5 protein might be a Golgi-resident multiprotein complex member engaged in nucleotide sugar transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sosicka
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14A F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Bożena Bazan
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14A F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Maszczak-Seneczko
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14A F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Yauhen Shauchuk
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14A F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Teresa Olczak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14A F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Olczak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14A F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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16
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17
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Sorting machineries: how platelet-dense granules differ from α-granules. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180458. [PMID: 30104399 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets respond to vascular injury via surface receptor stimulation and signaling events to trigger aggregation, procoagulant activation, and granule secretion during hemostasis, thrombosis, and vascular remodeling. Platelets contain three major types of secretory granules including dense granules (or δ-granules, DGs), α-granules (AGs), and lysosomes. The contents of platelet granules are specific. Platelet DGs store polyphosphate and small molecules such as ADP, ATP, Ca2+, and serotonin, while AGs package most of the proteins that platelets release. The platelet DGs and AGs are regarded as being budded from the endosomes and the trans-Golgi network (TGN), respectively, and then matured from multivesicular bodies (MVBs). However, the sorting machineries between DGs and AGs are different. Inherited platelet disorders are associated with deficiency of DGs and AGs, leading to bleeding diathesis in patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), gray platelet syndrome (GPS), and arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis syndrome (ARC). Here, we reviewed the current understanding about how DGs differ from AGs in structure, biogenesis, and function. In particular, we focus on the sorting machineries that are involved in the formation of these two types of granules to provide insights into their diverse biological functions.
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18
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Xu Z, Gu J, Gao M, Du N, Liu P, Xu X, Wang J, Cao X. Study on antiplatelet effect of a new thiophenopyridine platelets P2Y 12 receptor antagonist DV-127. Thromb Res 2018; 170:192-199. [PMID: 30199785 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
P2Y12 receptor antagonists are a class of drugs that act on platelet P2Y12 receptors and inhibit adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation. As a thienopyridine antiplatelet agent which is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, currently, clopidogrel was once considered to be the most safe and effective antiplatelet drug in the P2Y12 receptor antagonists, however, it has become increasingly clear that clopidogrel does not satisfactorily inhibit the platelets of approximately one-third of patients. This is in part due to clopidogrel is a prodrug and reliance on multiple cytochrome P450 enzymes for conversion into its active metabolite. Prasugrel and ticagrelor reduces the risk of adverse cardiovascular events compared to clopidogrel in acute coronary syndromes patients, however, the cardiovascular benefit of both drugs is counter-balanced by increased rates of spontaneous bleeding. Unlike clopidogrel, which is a prodrug, cangrelor is an active drug not requiring metabolic conversion, despite fewer bleeding events during cardiac surgery, cangrelor carries the risk of potential autoimmune reactions manifesting as breathlessness. DV-127 was synthesized by using three generations of thienopyridine P2Y12 receptor antagonists as research models, using high resolution mass spectrometry, selective deuteration, and 2,7-position replacement groups technologies in order to maximize cardiovascular benefit while minimizing adverse effects on hemostasis. Our results show that although the dose of DV-127 is greatly reduced, it can achieve similar anticoagulant and antiplatelet effects as clopidogrel, and DV-127 can more strongly inhibit the release of α-granules even though the inhibitory effect of dense granules is similar to clopidogrel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Mingyue Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Na Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xueyu Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China; Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co.,Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xia Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
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19
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Abstract
Platelet granules are unique among secretory vesicles in both their content and their life cycle. Platelets contain three major granule types—dense granules, α-granules, and lysosomes—although other granule types have been reported. Dense granules and α-granules are the most well-studied and the most physiologically important. Platelet granules are formed in large, multilobulated cells, termed megakaryocytes, prior to transport into platelets. The biogenesis of dense granules and α-granules involves common but also distinct pathways. Both are formed from the
trans-Golgi network and early endosomes and mature in multivesicular bodies, but the formation of dense granules requires trafficking machinery different from that of α-granules. Following formation in the megakaryocyte body, both granule types are transported through and mature in long proplatelet extensions prior to the release of nascent platelets into the bloodstream. Granules remain stored in circulating platelets until platelet activation triggers the exocytosis of their contents. Soluble
N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins, located on both the granules and target membranes, provide the mechanical energy that enables membrane fusion during both granulogenesis and exocytosis. The function of these core fusion engines is controlled by SNARE regulators, which direct the site, timing, and extent to which these SNAREs interact and consequently the resulting membrane fusion. In this review, we assess new developments in the study of platelet granules, from their generation to their exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Sharda
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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20
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Abstract
Platelet dense granules (DGs) are storage organelles for calcium ions, small organic molecules such as ADP and serotonin, and larger polyphosphates that are secreted upon platelet stimulation to enhance platelet activation, adhesion, and stabilization at sites of vascular damage. DGs are thought to fully mature within megakaryocytes (MKs) prior to platelet formation. Here we challenge this notion by exploiting vital fluorescent dyes to distinguish mildly acidic DGs from highly acidic compartments by microscopy in platelets and MKs. In isolated primary mouse platelets, compartments labeled by mepacrine - a fluorescent weak base that accumulates in DGs - are readily distinguishable from highly acidic compartments, likely lysosomes, that are labeled by the acidic pH indicator, LysoTracker, and from endolysosomes and alpha granules labeled by internalized and partially digested DQ™ BSA. By contrast, in murine fetal liver- and human CD34+ cell-derived MKs and the megakaryocytoid cell lines, MEG-01 and differentiated G1ME2, labeling by mepacrine overlapped nearly completely with labeling by LysoTracker and partially with labeling by DQ™ BSA. Mepacrine labeling in G1ME2-derived MKs was fully sensitive to proton ATPase inhibitors, but was only partially sensitive in platelets. These data indicate that mepacrine in MKs accumulates as a weak base in endolysosomes but is likely pumped into or retained in separate DGs in platelets. Fluorescent puncta that labeled uniquely for mepacrine were first evident in G1ME2-derived proplatelets, suggesting that DGs undergo a maturation step that initiates in the final stages of MK differentiation.
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Dennis MK, Delevoye C, Acosta-Ruiz A, Hurbain I, Romao M, Hesketh GG, Goff PS, Sviderskaya EV, Bennett DC, Luzio JP, Galli T, Owen DJ, Raposo G, Marks MS. BLOC-1 and BLOC-3 regulate VAMP7 cycling to and from melanosomes via distinct tubular transport carriers. J Cell Biol 2017; 214:293-308. [PMID: 27482051 PMCID: PMC4970331 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201605090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endomembrane organelle maturation requires cargo delivery via fusion with membrane transport intermediates and recycling of fusion factors to their sites of origin. Melanosomes and other lysosome-related organelles obtain cargoes from early endosomes, but the fusion machinery involved and its recycling pathway are unknown. Here, we show that the v-SNARE VAMP7 mediates fusion of melanosomes with tubular transport carriers that also carry the cargo protein TYRP1 and that require BLOC-1 for their formation. Using live-cell imaging, we identify a pathway for VAMP7 recycling from melanosomes that employs distinct tubular carriers. The recycling carriers also harbor the VAMP7-binding scaffold protein VARP and the tissue-restricted Rab GTPase RAB38. Recycling carrier formation is dependent on the RAB38 exchange factor BLOC-3. Our data suggest that VAMP7 mediates fusion of BLOC-1-dependent transport carriers with melanosomes, illuminate SNARE recycling from melanosomes as a critical BLOC-3-dependent step, and likely explain the distinct hypopigmentation phenotypes associated with BLOC-1 and BLOC-3 deficiency in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Dennis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Amanda Acosta-Ruiz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ilse Hurbain
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maryse Romao
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Geoffrey G Hesketh
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OXY, England, UK
| | - Philip S Goff
- Cell Biology and Genetics Research Centre, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, England, UK
| | - Elena V Sviderskaya
- Cell Biology and Genetics Research Centre, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, England, UK
| | - Dorothy C Bennett
- Cell Biology and Genetics Research Centre, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, England, UK
| | - J Paul Luzio
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OXY, England, UK
| | - Thierry Galli
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Membrane Traffic in Health and Disease, INSERM ERL U950, 75013 Paris, France
| | - David J Owen
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OXY, England, UK
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Gioria M, Pasini ME, Berruti G. Dynamic of contribution of UBPy-sorted cargo to acrosome biogenesis: effects of its derailment in a mouse model of globozoospermia, the infertile Vps54 (L967Q) mutant. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:413-427. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Sosicka P, Maszczak-Seneczko D, Bazan B, Shauchuk Y, Kaczmarek B, Olczak M. An insight into the orphan nucleotide sugar transporter SLC35A4. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:825-838. [PMID: 28167211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SLC35A4 has been classified in the SLC35A subfamily based on amino acid sequence homology. Most of the proteins belonging to the SLC35 family act as transporters of nucleotide sugars. In this study, the subcellular localization of endogenous SLC35A4 was determined via immunofluorescence staining, and it was demonstrated that SLC35A4 localizes mainly to the Golgi apparatus. In silico topology prediction suggests that SLC35A4 has an uneven number of transmembrane domains and its N-terminus is directed towards the Golgi lumen. However, an experimental assay refuted this prediction: SLC35A4 has an even number of transmembrane regions with both termini facing the cytosol. In vivo interaction analysis using the FLIM-FRET approach revealed that SLC35A4 neither forms homomers nor associates with other members of the SLC35A subfamily except SLC35A5. Additional assays demonstrated that endogenous SLC35A4 is 10 to 40nm proximal to SLC35A2 and SLC35A3. To determine SLC35A4 function SLC35A4 knock-out cells were generated with the CRISPR-Cas9 approach. Although no significant changes in glycosylation were observed, the introduced mutation influenced the subcellular distribution of the SLC35A2/SLC35A3 complexes. Additional FLIM-FRET experiments revealed that overexpression of SLC35A4-BFP together with SLC35A3 and the SLC35A2-Golgi splice variant negatively affects the interaction between the two latter proteins. The results presented here strongly indicate a modulatory role for SLC35A4 in intracellular trafficking of SLC35A2/SLC35A3 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sosicka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14A F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Maszczak-Seneczko
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14A F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Bazan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14A F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Yauhen Shauchuk
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14A F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14A F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Olczak
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14A F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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24
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Abstract
Platelet dense granules (DGs) are membrane bound compartments that store polyphosphate and small molecules such as ADP, ATP, Ca2+, and serotonin. The release of DG contents plays a central role in platelet aggregation to form a hemostatic plug. Accordingly, congenital deficiencies in the biogenesis of platelet DGs underlie human genetic disorders that cause storage pool disease and manifest with prolonged bleeding. DGs belong to a family of lysosome-related organelles, which also includes melanosomes, the compartments where the melanin pigments are synthesized. These organelles share several characteristics including an acidic lumen and, at least in part, the molecular machinery involved in their biogenesis. As a result, many genes affect both DG and melanosome biogenesis and the corresponding patients present not only with bleeding but also with oculocutaneous albinism. The identification and characterization of such genes has been instrumental in dissecting the pathways responsible for organelle biogenesis. Because the study of melanosome biogenesis has advanced more rapidly, this knowledge has been extrapolated to explain how DGs are produced. However, some progress has recently been made in studying platelet DG biogenesis directly in megakaryocytes and megakaryocytoid cells. DGs originate from an endosomal intermediate compartment, the multivesicular body. Maturation and differentiation into a DG begins when newly synthesized DG-specific proteins are delivered from early/recycling endosomal compartments. The machinery that orchestrates this vesicular trafficking is composed of a combination of both ubiquitous and cell type-specific proteins. Here, we review the current knowledge on DG biogenesis. In particular, we focus on the individual human and murine genes encoding the molecular machinery involved in this process and how their deficiencies result in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Ambrosio
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | - Santiago M Di Pietro
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
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25
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Abstract
The early/recycling endosomes of an eukaryotic cell perform diverse cellular functions. In addition, the endosomal system generates multiple organelles, including certain cell type-specific organelles called lysosome-related organelles (LROs). The biosynthesis of these organelles possibly occurs through a sequential maturation process in which the cargo-containing endosomal vesicular/tubular structures are fused with the maturing organelle. The molecular machinery that regulates the cargo delivery or the membrane fusion during LRO biogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we describe the known key molecules, such as SNAREs, that regulate both the biogenesis and secretion of multiple LROs. Moreover, we also describe other regulatory molecules, such as Rab GTPases and their effectors that modulate the SNARE activity for cargo delivery to one such LRO, the melanosome. Overall, this review will increase our current understanding of LRO biogenesis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhi Atul Jani
- a Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology ; Indian Institute of Science ; Bangalore , India
| | - Sarmistha Mahanty
- a Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology ; Indian Institute of Science ; Bangalore , India
| | - Subba Rao Gangi Setty
- a Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology ; Indian Institute of Science ; Bangalore , India
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26
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Wei ZB, Yuan YF, Jaouen F, Ma MS, Hao CJ, Zhang Z, Chen Q, Yuan Z, Yu L, Beurrier C, Li W. SLC35D3 increases autophagic activity in midbrain dopaminergic neurons by enhancing BECN1-ATG14-PIK3C3 complex formation. Autophagy 2016; 12:1168-79. [PMID: 27171858 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1179402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Searching for new regulators of autophagy involved in selective dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss is a hallmark in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). We here report that an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated transmembrane protein SLC35D3 is selectively expressed in subsets of midbrain DA neurons in about 10% TH (tyrosine hydroxylase)-positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and in about 22% TH-positive neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Loss of SLC35D3 in ros (roswell mutant) mice showed a reduction of 11.9% DA neurons in the SNc and 15.5% DA neuron loss in the VTA with impaired autophagy. We determined that SLC35D3 enhanced the formation of the BECN1-ATG14-PIK3C3 complex to induce autophagy. These results suggest that SLC35D3 is a new regulator of tissue-specific autophagy and plays an important role in the increased autophagic activity required for the survival of subsets of DA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Bo Wei
- a State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Ye-Feng Yuan
- a State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Florence Jaouen
- c Aix-Marseille University, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique , UMR 7288 , Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, Marseille , France
| | - Mei-Sheng Ma
- d School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing , China
| | - Chan-Juan Hao
- a State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,e Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute , Beijing , China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Quan Chen
- f Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- g Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Li Yu
- d School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing , China
| | - Corinne Beurrier
- c Aix-Marseille University, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique , UMR 7288 , Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, Marseille , France
| | - Wei Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,e Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute , Beijing , China.,h Center of Alzheimer Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders , Beijing , China
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27
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Luff SA, Papoutsakis ET. Megakaryocytic Maturation in Response to Shear Flow Is Mediated by the Activator Protein 1 (AP-1) Transcription Factor via Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Mechanotransduction. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:7831-43. [PMID: 26814129 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.707174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) are exposed to shear flow as they migrate from the bone marrow hematopoietic compartment into circulation to release pro/preplatelets into circulating blood. Shear forces promote DNA synthesis, polyploidization, and maturation in MKs, and platelet biogenesis. To investigate mechanisms underlying these MK responses to shear, we carried out transcriptional analysis on immature and mature stem cell-derived MKs exposed to physiological shear. In immature (day (d)9) MKs, shear exposure up-regulated genes related to growth and MK maturation, whereas in mature (d12) MKs, it up-regulated genes involved in apoptosis and intracellular transport. Following shear-flow exposure, six activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcripts (ATF4,JUNB,JUN,FOSB,FOS, andJUND) were up-regulated at d9 and two AP-1 proteins (JunD and c-Fos) were up-regulated both at d9 and d12. We show that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is linked to both the shear stress response and AP-1 up-regulation. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation increased significantly following shear stimulation, whereas JNK inhibition reduced shear-induced JunD expression. Although p38 phosphorylation did not increase following shear flow, its inhibition reduced shear-induced JunD and c-Fos expression. JNK inhibition reduced fibrinogen binding and P-selectin expression of d12 platelet-like particles (PLPs), whereas p38 inhibition reduced fibrinogen binding of d12 PLPs. AP-1 expression correlated with increased MK DNA synthesis and polyploidization, which might explain the observed impact of shear on MKs. To summarize, we show that MK exposure to shear forces results in JNK activation, AP-1 up-regulation, and downstream transcriptional changes that promote maturation of immature MKs and platelet biogenesis in mature MKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Luff
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, and
| | - Eleftherios T Papoutsakis
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711
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28
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Heijnen H, van der Sluijs P. Platelet secretory behaviour: as diverse as the granules … or not? J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:2141-51. [PMID: 26391322 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Platelets play a central role in the arrest of bleeding after damage to a blood vessel and in the development of thrombosis. Platelets rapidly respond after interaction with sub-endothelial components and release cargo from their storage granules. The three principal granule types of platelets are α-granules, dense granules and lysosomes. Timed release of granule contents and regulated expression of critical receptors are essential for maintenance of the platelet thrombus, yet also have important functions beyond hemostasis (i.e. inflammatory reactions and immune responses). α-granules store adhesive molecules such as von Willebrand factor and fibrinogen, growth factors and inflammatory and angiogenic mediators, which play crucial roles in inflammatory responses and tumor genesis. The α-granules comprise a group of subcellular compartments with a unique composition and ultrastructure. Recent studies have suggested that differential secretory kinetics of α-granule subtypes is responsible for a thematic release of adhesive and inflammatory mediators. In addition, new results indicate that activation-dependent synthesis and release of cytokines also contribute to the inflammatory role of platelets. We will discuss the various methods that platelets use to regulate secretory processes and how these relate to potential differential secretion patterns, thereby promoting adhesiveness and/or inflammatory functions. We will focus on the heterogenic granule population, open canalicular system (OCS) plasticity, the role of contractile and mechanobiological forces, and the fusogenic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Heijnen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P van der Sluijs
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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29
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Lambert MP, Meng R, Xiao L, Harper DC, Marks MS, Kowalska AM, Poncz M. Intramedullary megakaryocytes internalize released platelet factor 4 and store it in alpha granules. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1888-99. [PMID: 26256688 PMCID: PMC4638179 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Megakaryocytes express and store platelet factor 4 (PF4) in alpha granules. In vivo, PF4 is a clinically relevant, negative regulator of megakaryopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell replication. These findings would suggest a regulated source of free intramedullary PF4. OBJECTIVES Define the source of free intramedullary PF4 and its intramedullary life cycle. METHODS We interrogated both murine and human bone marrow-derived cells during megakaryopoiesis in vitro by using confocal microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. With immunohistochemistry, we examined in vivo free PF4 in murine bone marrow before and after radiation injury and in the setting of megakaryocytopenia and thrombocytopenia. RESULTS Exogenously added human PF4 is internalized by murine megakaryocytes. Human megakaryocytes similarly take up murine PF4 but not the related chemokine, platelet basic protein. Confocal microscopy shows that internalized PF4 colocalizes with endogenous PF4 in alpha granules and is available for release on thrombin stimulation. Immunohistochemistry shows free PF4 in the marrow, but not another alphagranule protein, von Willebrand factor. Free PF4 increases with radiation injury and decreases with megakaryocytopenia. Consistent with the known role of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 in the negative paracrine effect of PF4 on megakaryopoiesis, PF4 internalization is at least partially low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 dependent. CONCLUSIONS PF4 has a complex intramedullary life cycle with important implications in megakaryopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell replication not seen with other tested alpha granule proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele P. Lambert
- Department of Pediatrics Perelman School of Medicine, Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ronghua Meng
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, and Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Liqing Xiao
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Dawn C. Harper
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, and Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michael S. Marks
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, and Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Anna M. Kowalska
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mortimer Poncz
- Department of Pediatrics Perelman School of Medicine, Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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30
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Ambrosio AL, Boyle JA, Di Pietro SM. TPC2 mediates new mechanisms of platelet dense granule membrane dynamics through regulation of Ca2+ release. Mol Biol Cell 2015. [PMID: 26202466 PMCID: PMC4569316 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-01-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
TPC2 is a component of the platelet dense granule membrane and regulates the formation of perigranular Ca2+ nanodomains that correlate with “kiss-and-run” events and tubule connections. These membrane contacts allow material transfer between organelles and are likely involved in granule maturation. Platelet dense granules (PDGs) are acidic calcium stores essential for normal hemostasis. They develop from late endosomal compartments upon receiving PDG-specific proteins through vesicular trafficking, but their maturation process is not well understood. Here we show that two-pore channel 2 (TPC2) is a component of the PDG membrane that regulates PDG luminal pH and the pool of releasable Ca2+. Using a genetically encoded Ca2+ biosensor and a pore mutant TPC2, we establish the function of TPC2 in Ca2+ release from PDGs and the formation of perigranular Ca2+ nanodomains. For the first time, Ca2+ spikes around PDGs—or any organelle of the endolysosome family—are visualized in real time and revealed to precisely mark organelle “kiss-and-run” events. Further, the presence of membranous tubules transiently connecting PDGs is revealed and shown to be dramatically enhanced by TPC2 in a mechanism that requires ion flux through TPC2. “Kiss-and-run” events and tubule connections mediate transfer of membrane proteins and luminal content between PDGs. The results show that PDGs use previously unknown mechanisms of membrane dynamics and content exchange that are regulated by TPC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Ambrosio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1870
| | - Judith A Boyle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1870
| | - Santiago M Di Pietro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1870
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31
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Guo T, Wang X, Qu Y, Yin Y, Jing T, Zhang Q. Megakaryopoiesis and platelet production: insight into hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Stem Cell Investig 2015; 2:3. [PMID: 27358871 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2306-9759.2015.02.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo successive lineage commitment steps to generate megakaryocytes (MKs) in a process referred to as megakaryopoiesis. MKs undergo a unique differentiation process involving endomitosis to eventually produce platelets. Many transcription factors participate in the regulation of this complex progress. Chemokines and other factors in the microenvironment where megakaryopoiesis and platelet production occur play vital roles in the regulation of HSC lineage commitment and MK maturation; among these factors, thrombopoietin (TPO) is the most important. Endomitosis is a vital process of MK maturation, and granules that are formed in MKs are important for platelet function. Proplatelets are firstly generated from mature MKs and then become platelets. The proplatelet production process was verified by novel studies that revealed that the mechanism is partially regulated by the invaginated membrane system (IMS), microtubules and Rho GTPases. The extracellular matrices (ECMs) and shear stress also affect and regulate the process while the mature MKs migrate from the marrow to the sub-endothelium region near the venous sinusoids leading to the release of platelets into the circulation. This review describes the entire process of megakaryopoiesis in detail, illustrates both the transcriptional and microenvironmental regulation of MKs and provides insight into platelet biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Guo
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China ; 2 Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China ; 2 Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yigong Qu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China ; 2 Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yu Yin
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China ; 2 Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Tao Jing
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China ; 2 Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China ; 2 Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Min SH, Suzuki A, Stalker TJ, Zhao L, Wang Y, McKennan C, Riese MJ, Guzman JF, Zhang S, Lian L, Joshi R, Meng R, Seeholzer SH, Choi JK, Koretzky G, Marks MS, Abrams CS. Loss of PIKfyve in platelets causes a lysosomal disease leading to inflammation and thrombosis in mice. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4691. [PMID: 25178411 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PIKfyve is essential for the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(3,5)P2] and for the regulation of endolysosomal membrane dynamics in mammals. PtdIns(3,5)P2 deficiency causes neurodegeneration in mice and humans, but the role of PtdIns(3,5)P2 in non-neural tissues is poorly understood. Here we show that platelet-specific ablation of PIKfyve in mice leads to accelerated arterial thrombosis, and, unexpectedly, also to inappropriate inflammatory responses characterized by macrophage accumulation in multiple tissues. These multiorgan defects are attenuated by platelet depletion in vivo, confirming that they reflect a platelet-specific process. PIKfyve ablation in platelets induces defective maturation and excessive storage of lysosomal enzymes that are released upon platelet activation. Impairing lysosome secretion from PIKfyve-null platelets in vivo markedly attenuates the multiorgan defects, suggesting that platelet lysosome secretion contributes to pathogenesis. Our findings identify PIKfyve as an essential regulator for platelet lysosome homeostasis, and demonstrate the contributions of platelet lysosomes to inflammation, arterial thrombosis and macrophage biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang H Min
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Aae Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Timothy J Stalker
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yuhuan Wang
- Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Chris McKennan
- Proteomics Core, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Matthew J Riese
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jessica F Guzman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Suhong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Lurong Lian
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Rohan Joshi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ronghua Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Steven H Seeholzer
- Proteomics Core, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - John K Choi
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Gary Koretzky
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Charles S Abrams
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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33
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Wei AH, He X, Li W. Hypopigmentation in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. J Dermatol 2014; 40:325-9. [PMID: 23668540 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding tendency, and ceroid deposition which often leads to death in midlife. Currently, nine genes have been identified as causative for HPS in humans. Hypopigmentation is the prominent feature of HPS, attributable to the disrupted biogenesis of melanosome, a member of the lysosome-related organelle (LRO) family. Current understanding of the cargo transporting mechanisms into the melanosomes expands our knowledge of the pathogenesis of hypopigmentation in HPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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34
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Mutation of SLC35D3 causes metabolic syndrome by impairing dopamine signaling in striatal D1 neurons. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004124. [PMID: 24550737 PMCID: PMC3923682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the largest health problems facing the world today. Although twin and family studies suggest about two-thirds of obesity is caused by genetic factors, only a small fraction of this variance has been unraveled. There are still large numbers of genes to be identified that cause variations in body fatness and the associated diseases encompassed in the metabolic syndrome (MetS). A locus near a sequence tagged site (STS) marker D6S1009 has been linked to obesity or body mass index (BMI). However, its genetic entity is unknown. D6S1009 is located in the intergenic region between SLC35D3 and NHEG1. Here we report that the ros mutant mice harboring a recessive mutation in the Slc35d3 gene show obesity and MetS and reduced membrane dopamine receptor D1 (D1R) with impaired dopamine signaling in striatal neurons. SLC35D3 is localized to both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and early endosomes and interacts with D1R. In ros striatal D1 neurons, lack of SLC35D3 causes the accumulation of D1R on the ER to impair its ER exit. The MetS phenotype is reversible by the administration of D1R agonist to the ros mutant. In addition, we identified two mutations in the SLC35D3 gene in patients with MetS, which alter the subcellular localization of SLC35D3. Our results suggest that the SLC35D3 gene, close to the D6S1009 locus, is a candidate gene for MetS, which is involved in metabolic control in the central nervous system by regulating dopamine signaling. Genome-wide linkage analyses have revealed that an STS marker D6S1009 (about 55 kb from the SLC35D3 gene) is linked to obesity or BMI in the Framingham Heart Study, but its genetic entity is unknown. Here we characterized the features of obesity and metabolic syndrome with reduced physical activity levels in a previously identified ros mouse mutant, carrying a homozygous Slc35d3 mutation. These ros phenotypes were caused by the intracellular accumulation of D1R mostly on ER in the striatal neurons, impairing D1R signaling and reducing energy expenditure. In addition, we identified two mutations of SLC35D3 in patients with metabolic syndrome which are subcellularly mislocalized. We propose that the SLC35D3 gene is likely a novel candidate gene for MetS and obesity.
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35
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Nurden AT, Nurden P. Congenital platelet disorders and understanding of platelet function. Br J Haematol 2013; 165:165-78. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan T. Nurden
- L'Institut de Rhythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque (LIRYC); Plateforme Technologique et d'Innovation Biomédicale; Hôpital Xavier Arnozan; Pessac France
| | - Paquita Nurden
- L'Institut de Rhythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque (LIRYC); Plateforme Technologique et d'Innovation Biomédicale; Hôpital Xavier Arnozan; Pessac France
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36
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Marks MS, Heijnen HFG, Raposo G. Lysosome-related organelles: unusual compartments become mainstream. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2013; 25:495-505. [PMID: 23726022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) comprise a group of cell type-specific subcellular compartments with unique composition, morphology and structure that share some features with endosomes and lysosomes and that function in varied processes such as pigmentation, hemostasis, lung plasticity and immunity. In recent years, studies of genetic diseases in which LRO functions are compromised have provided new insights into the mechanisms of LRO biogenesis and the regulated secretion of LRO contents. These insights have revealed previously unappreciated specialized endosomal sorting processes in all cell types, and are expanding our views of the plasticity of the endosomal and secretory systems in adapting to cell type-specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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37
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Wei AH, Li W. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: pigmentary and non-pigmentary defects and their pathogenesis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 26:176-92. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology; Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing; China
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38
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MKL1 and MKL2 play redundant and crucial roles in megakaryocyte maturation and platelet formation. Blood 2012; 120:2317-29. [PMID: 22806889 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-04-420828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum response factor and its transcriptional cofactor MKL1 are critical for megakaryocyte maturation and platelet formation. We show that MKL2, a homologue of MKL1, is expressed in megakaryocytes and plays a role in megakaryocyte maturation. Using a megakaryocyte-specific Mkl2 knockout (KO) mouse on the conventional Mkl1 KO background to produce double KO (DKO) megakaryocytes and platelets, a critical role for MKL2 is revealed. The decrease in megakaryocyte ploidy and platelet counts of DKO mice is more severe than in Mkl1 KO mice. Platelet dysfunction in DKO mice is revealed by prolonged bleeding times and ineffective platelet activation in vitro in response to adenosine 5'-diphosphate. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence of DKO megakaryocytes and platelets indicate abnormal cytoskeletal and membrane organization with decreased granule complexity. Surprisingly, the DKO mice have a more extreme thrombocytopenia than mice lacking serum response factor (SRF) expression in the megakaryocyte compartment. Comparison of gene expression reveals approximately 4400 genes whose expression is differentially affected in DKO compared with megakaryocytes deficient in SRF, strongly suggesting that MKL1 and MKL2 have both SRF-dependent and SRF-independent activity in megakaryocytopoiesis.
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39
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Sitaram A, Dennis MK, Chaudhuri R, De Jesus-Rojas W, Tenza D, Setty SRG, Wood CS, Sviderskaya EV, Bennett DC, Raposo G, Bonifacino JS, Marks MS. Differential recognition of a dileucine-based sorting signal by AP-1 and AP-3 reveals a requirement for both BLOC-1 and AP-3 in delivery of OCA2 to melanosomes. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:3178-92. [PMID: 22718909 PMCID: PMC3418312 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-06-0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OCA2 is used as a model melanosome cargo protein to define primary sequence elements required for acidic dileucine–motif binding to adaptors AP-1 and AP-3. OCA2 must bind to AP-3 for melanosome localization. BLOC-1 is also required and thus can cooperate with either adaptor for cargo delivery to lysosome-related organelles. Cell types that generate unique lysosome-related organelles (LROs), such as melanosomes in melanocytes, populate nascent LROs with cargoes that are diverted from endosomes. Cargo sorting toward melanosomes correlates with binding via cytoplasmically exposed sorting signals to either heterotetrameric adaptor AP-1 or AP-3. Some cargoes bind both adaptors, but the relative contribution of each adaptor to cargo recognition and their functional interactions with other effectors during transport to melanosomes are not clear. Here we exploit targeted mutagenesis of the acidic dileucine–based sorting signal in the pigment cell–specific protein OCA2 to dissect the relative roles of AP-1 and AP-3 in transport to melanosomes. We show that binding to AP-1 or AP-3 depends on the primary sequence of the signal and not its position within the cytoplasmic domain. Mutants that preferentially bound either AP-1 or AP-3 each trafficked toward melanosomes and functionally complemented OCA2 deficiency, but AP-3 binding was necessary for steady-state melanosome localization. Unlike tyrosinase, which also engages AP-3 for optimal melanosomal delivery, both AP-1– and AP-3–favoring OCA2 variants required BLOC-1 for melanosomal transport. These data provide evidence for distinct roles of AP-1 and AP-3 in OCA2 transport to melanosomes and indicate that BLOC-1 can cooperate with either adaptor during cargo sorting to LROs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Sitaram
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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