1
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Hammond FR, Lewis A, Pollara G, Tomlinson GS, Noursadeghi M, Kiss-Toth E, Elks PM. Tribbles1 is host protective during in vivo mycobacterial infection. eLife 2024; 13:e95980. [PMID: 38896446 PMCID: PMC11186633 DOI: 10.7554/elife.95980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a major global health problem and is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. There is a pressing need for new treatments that circumvent emerging antibiotic resistance. Mycobacterium tuberculosis parasitises macrophages, reprogramming them to establish a niche in which to proliferate, therefore macrophage manipulation is a potential host-directed therapy if druggable molecular targets could be identified. The pseudokinase Tribbles1 (Trib1) regulates multiple innate immune processes and inflammatory profiles making it a potential drug target in infections. Trib1 controls macrophage function, cytokine production, and macrophage polarisation. Despite wide-ranging effects on leukocyte biology, data exploring the roles of Tribbles in infection in vivo are limited. Here, we identify that human Tribbles1 is expressed in monocytes and is upregulated at the transcript level after stimulation with mycobacterial antigen. To investigate the mechanistic roles of Tribbles in the host response to mycobacteria in vivo, we used a zebrafish Mycobacterium marinum (Mm) infection tuberculosis model. Zebrafish Tribbles family members were characterised and shown to have substantial mRNA and protein sequence homology to their human orthologues. trib1 overexpression was host-protective against Mm infection, reducing burden by approximately 50%. Conversely, trib1 knockdown/knockout exhibited increased infection. Mechanistically, trib1 overexpression significantly increased the levels of proinflammatory factors il-1β and nitric oxide. The host-protective effect of trib1 was found to be dependent on the E3 ubiquitin kinase Cop1. These findings highlight the importance of Trib1 and Cop1 as immune regulators during infection in vivo and suggest that enhancing macrophage TRIB1 levels may provide a tractable therapeutic intervention to improve bacterial infection outcomes in tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ffion R Hammond
- The Bateson Centre, School of Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Health, University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Amy Lewis
- The Bateson Centre, School of Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Health, University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Pollara
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gillian S Tomlinson
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Endre Kiss-Toth
- The Bateson Centre, School of Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Health, University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Philip M Elks
- The Bateson Centre, School of Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Health, University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
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2
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Baeten JT, de Jong JLO. Genetic Models of Leukemia in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:115. [PMID: 30294597 PMCID: PMC6158309 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish animal model is gaining increasing popularity as a tool for studying human disease. Over the past 15 years, many models of leukemia and other hematological malignancies have been developed in the zebrafish. These confer some significant advantages over similar models in other animals and systems, representing a powerful resource for investigation of the molecular basis of human leukemia. This review discusses the various zebrafish models of lymphoid and myeloid leukemia available, the major discoveries that have been made possible by them, and opportunities for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jill L. O. de Jong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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3
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Keightley MC, Carradice DP, Layton JE, Pase L, Bertrand JY, Wittig JG, Dakic A, Badrock AP, Cole NJ, Traver D, Nutt SL, McCoey J, Buckle AM, Heath JK, Lieschke GJ. The Pu.1 target gene Zbtb11 regulates neutrophil development through its integrase-like HHCC zinc finger. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14911. [PMID: 28382966 PMCID: PMC5384227 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to infection and injury, the neutrophil population rapidly expands and then quickly re-establishes the basal state when inflammation resolves. The exact pathways governing neutrophil/macrophage lineage outputs from a common granulocyte-macrophage progenitor are still not completely understood. From a forward genetic screen in zebrafish, we identify the transcriptional repressor, ZBTB11, as critical for basal and emergency granulopoiesis. ZBTB11 sits in a pathway directly downstream of master myeloid regulators including PU.1, and TP53 is one direct ZBTB11 transcriptional target. TP53 repression is dependent on ZBTB11 cys116, which is a functionally critical, metal ion-coordinating residue within a novel viral integrase-like zinc finger domain. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a function for this domain in a cellular protein. We demonstrate that the PU.1–ZBTB11–TP53 pathway is conserved from fish to mammals. Finally, Zbtb11 mutant rescue experiments point to a ZBTB11-regulated TP53 requirement in development of other organs. Neutrophils are increased in response to injury and infection but how they form from a common granulocyte-macrophage progenitor is unclear. Here, the authors identify a role for the transcriptional repressor ZBTB11 in zebrafish, which is regulated by master myeloid regulators and represses TP53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Cristina Keightley
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Duncan P Carradice
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Judith E Layton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Parkville Branch, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Luke Pase
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Julien Y Bertrand
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva-CMU, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Johannes G Wittig
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Aleksandar Dakic
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Andrew P Badrock
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Nicholas J Cole
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Julia McCoey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ashley M Buckle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Joan K Heath
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Parkville Branch, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Graham J Lieschke
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Parkville Branch, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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4
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c-Myb acts in parallel and cooperatively with Cebp1 to regulate neutrophil maturation in zebrafish. Blood 2016; 128:415-26. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-12-686147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
c-Myb is essential for neutrophil terminal differentiation by targeting granule gene expression. c-Myb and Cebp1 act cooperatively to regulate neutrophil maturation in zebrafish.
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5
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Dhakal S, Stevens CB, Sebbagh M, Weiss O, Frey RA, Adamson S, Shelden EA, Inbal A, Stenkamp DL. Abnormal retinal development in Cloche mutant zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:1439-1455. [PMID: 26283463 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functions for the early embryonic vasculature in regulating development of central nervous system tissues, such as the retina, have been suggested by in vitro studies and by in vivo manipulations that caused additional ocular vessels to develop. Here, we use an avascular zebrafish embryo, cloche-/- (clo-/-), to begin to identify necessary developmental functions of the ocular vasculature in regulating development and patterning of the neural retina, in vivo. These studies are possible in zebrafish embryos, which do not yet rely upon the vasculature for tissue oxygenation. RESULTS clo-/- embryos lacked early ocular vasculature and were microphthalmic, with reduced retinal cell proliferation and cell survival. Retinas of clo mutants were disorganized, with irregular synaptic layers, mispatterned expression domains of retinal transcription factors, morphologically abnormal Müller glia, reduced differentiation of specific retinal cell types, and sporadically distributed cone photoreceptors. Blockade of p53-mediated cell death did not completely rescue this phenotype and revealed ectopic cones in the inner nuclear layer. clo-/- embryos did not upregulate a molecular marker for hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS The disorganized retinal phenotype of clo-/- embryos is consistent with a neural and glial developmental patterning role for the early ocular vasculature that is independent of its eventual function in gas exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susov Dhakal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID USA
| | - Craig B Stevens
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID USA
| | - Meyrav Sebbagh
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omri Weiss
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruth A Frey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID USA
| | - Seth Adamson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID USA
| | - Eric A Shelden
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA USA
| | - Adi Inbal
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Deborah L Stenkamp
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID USA
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6
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Keightley MC, Wang CH, Pazhakh V, Lieschke GJ. Delineating the roles of neutrophils and macrophages in zebrafish regeneration models. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 56:92-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Blüthgen N, Meili N, Chew G, Odermatt A, Fent K. Accumulation and effects of the UV-filter octocrylene in adult and embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 476-477:207-217. [PMID: 24463256 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Wide application of the UV-filter octocrylene (OC) in cosmetics leads to contamination of the aquatic environment, but effects of OC remain unclear. Here we determine bioaccumulation and molecular effects of OC. Adult male zebrafish were exposed to 22, 209 and 383 μg/L and embryos to 69, 293 and 925 μg/L OC. OC accumulated in fish up to 17 μg/g. Calculated BCF varied between 41 and 136. Microarray analysis in brain and liver following exposure to 383 μg/L OC revealed alteration of 628 and 136 transcripts, respectively. Most prominent GO processes included developmental processes, organ development, hematopoiesis, formation of blood vessels, blood circulation, fat cell differentiation and metabolism. Validation by RT-qPCR in brain and liver of adult fish and embryos included a series of genes. Blood levels of 11-ketotestosterone were not altered. The transcriptomics data suggest that OC mainly affects transcription of genes related to developmental processes in the brain and liver as well as metabolic processes in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Blüthgen
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; University of Basel, Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Meili
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Geraldine Chew
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Alex Odermatt
- University of Basel, Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Department of Environmental System Sciences, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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8
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Costa R, Chen Y, Paredes R, Amaya E. Labeling primitive myeloid progenitor cells in Xenopus. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 916:141-55. [PMID: 22914938 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-980-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
In Xenopus the first blood cells to differentiate in the embryo are the primitive myeloid lineages, which arise from the anterior ventral blood islands during the neurula stages. Primitive myeloid cells (PMCs) will give rise to the embryonic pool of neutrophils and macrophages, a highly migratory population of cells with various functions during development and tissue repair. Understanding the development and behavior of PMCs depends on our ability to label, manipulate, and image these cells. Xenopus embryos have several advantages in the study of PMCs, including a well-established fate map and the possibility of performing transplants in order to label these cells. In addition, Xenopus embryos are easy to manipulate and their external development and transparency at the tadpole stages make them amenable to imaging techniques. Here we describe two methods for labeling primitive myeloid progenitor cells during early Xenopus development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Costa
- The Healing Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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9
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Runx1 regulates embryonic myeloid fate choice in zebrafish through a negative feedback loop inhibiting Pu.1 expression. Blood 2012; 119:5239-49. [PMID: 22493295 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-12-398362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper cell fate choice in myelopoiesis is essential for generating correct numbers of distinct myeloid subsets manifesting a wide spectrum of subset-specific activities during development and adulthood. Studies have suggested that myeloid fate choice is primarily regulated by transcription factors; however, new intrinsic regulators and their underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Zebrafish embryonic myelopoiesis gives rise to neutrophils and macrophages and represents a promising system to derive new regulatory mechanisms for myeloid fate decision in vertebrates. Here we present an in vivo study of cell fate specification during zebrafish embryonic myelopoiesis through characterization of the embryos with altered Pu.1, Runx1 activity alone, or their combinations. Genetic analysis shows that low and high Pu.1 activities determine embryonic neutrophilic granulocyte and macrophage fate, respectively. Inactivation and overexpression of Runx1 in zebrafish uncover Runx1 as a key embryonic myeloid fate determinant that favors neutrophil over macrophage fate. Runx1 is induced by high Pu.1 level and in turn transrepresses pu.1 expression, thus constituting a negative feedback loop that fashions a favorable Pu.1 level required for balanced fate commitment to neutrophils versus macrophages. Our findings define a Pu.1-Runx1 regulatory loop that governs the equilibrium between distinct myeloid fates by assuring an appropriate Pu.1 dosage.
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10
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Veleri S, Bishop K, Dalle Nogare DE, English MA, Foskett TJ, Chitnis A, Sood R, Liu P, Swaroop A. Knockdown of Bardet-Biedl syndrome gene BBS9/PTHB1 leads to cilia defects. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34389. [PMID: 22479622 PMCID: PMC3315532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS, MIM#209900) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder with pleiotropic phenotypes that include retinopathy, mental retardation, obesity and renal abnormalities. Of the 15 genes identified so far, seven encode core proteins that form a stable complex called BBSome, which is implicated in trafficking of proteins to cilia. Though BBS9 (also known as PTHB1) is reportedly a component of BBSome, its direct function has not yet been elucidated. Using zebrafish as a model, we show that knockdown of bbs9 with specific antisense morpholinos leads to developmental abnormalities in retina and brain including hydrocephaly that are consistent with the core phenotypes observed in syndromic ciliopathies. Knockdown of bbs9 also causes reduced number and length of cilia in Kupffer's vesicle. We also demonstrate that an orthologous human BBS9 mRNA, but not one carrying a missense mutation identified in BBS patients, can rescue the bbs9 morphant phenotype. Consistent with these findings, knockdown of Bbs9 in mouse IMCD3 cells results in the absence of cilia. Our studies suggest a key conserved role of BBS9 in biogenesis and/or function of cilia in zebrafish and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobi Veleri
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory (N-NRL), National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin Bishop
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Damian E. Dalle Nogare
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Milton A. English
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory (N-NRL), National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Trevor J. Foskett
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory (N-NRL), National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ajay Chitnis
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Raman Sood
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul Liu
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory (N-NRL), National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Hall C, Flores M, Oehlers S, Sanderson L, Lam E, Crosier K, Crosier P. Infection-Responsive Expansion of the Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Compartment in Zebrafish Is Dependent upon Inducible Nitric Oxide. Cell Stem Cell 2012; 10:198-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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12
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Transcriptional regulation of a myeloid-lineage specific gene lysozyme C during zebrafish myelopoiesis. Mech Dev 2009; 126:314-23. [PMID: 19275935 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2009.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Revised: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
lysozyme C (lyz), a glycoside hydrolase expressed exclusively in myeloid cells, is involved in the host defense against bacterial infection. We isolated a 2.4kb zebrafish lyz promoter region and established transgenic lines that drive enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) to examine how lyz expression is regulated during myelopoiesis. We found that the 2.4kb lyz promoter is sufficient to drive myeloid-specific expression of EGFP in zebrafish. We identified potential transcriptional regulatory elements including a Runx element (TGTGGT at -1.70kb) and a C/ebp element (TTTGGCAAT at -1.46kb) in the lyz promoter, and showed that they are required for myeloid-specific expression of EGFP. We found that the myeloid-lineage transcription factors C/ebp1, Runx1 and Pu.1 can bind to the 2.4kb lyz promoter. Forced expression of runx1, c/ebp1 and pu.1 together induced ectopic lyz expression in the intermediated cell mass (ICM). Thus, we propose that c/ebp1 and runx1 presumably cooperated with pu.1 in the transcriptional regulation of lyz during zebrafish myelopoiesis.
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13
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Zebrafish granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor signaling promotes myelopoiesis and myeloid cell migration. Blood 2009; 113:2535-46. [PMID: 19139076 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-07-171967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (GCSFR) signaling participates in the production of neutrophilic granulocytes during normal hematopoietic development, with a particularly important role during emergency hematopoiesis. This study describes the characterization of the zebrafish gcsf and gcsfr genes, which showed broad conservation and similar regulation to their mammalian counterparts. Morpholino-mediated knockdown of gcsfr and overexpression of gcsf revealed the presence of an anterior population of myeloid cells during primitive hematopoiesis that was dependent on GCSF/GCSFR for development and migration. This contrasted with a posterior domain that was largely independent of this pathway. Definitive myelopoiesis was also partially dependent on a functional GCSF/GCSFR pathway. Injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide elicited significant induction of gcsf expression and emergency production of myeloid cells, which was abrogated by gcsfr knockdown. Collectively, these data demonstrate GCSF/GCSFR to be a conserved signaling system for facilitating the production of multiple myeloid cell lineages in both homeostatic and emergency conditions, as well as for early myeloid cell migration, establishing a useful experimental platform for further dissection of this pathway.
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14
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Gfi1.1 regulates hematopoietic lineage differentiation during zebrafish embryogenesis. Cell Res 2008; 18:677-85. [PMID: 18504458 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2008.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factor independence 1 (GFI1) is important for maturation of mammalian lymphocytes and neutrophils and maintenance of adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The role of GFI1 in embryonic hematopoiesis is less well characterized. Through an enhancer trap screen and bioinformatics analysis, we identified a zebrafish homolog of Gfi1 (named gfi1.1) and analyzed its function during embryonic development. Expression of both an endogenous gfi1.1 gene and a GFP reporter gene inserted near its genomic locus was detected in hematopoietic cells of zebrafish embryos. Morpholino (MO) knockdown of gfi1.1 reduced expression of scl, lmo2, c-myb, mpo, rag1, gata1 and hemoglobin alpha embryonic-1 (hbae1), as well as the total amount of embryonic hemoglobin, but increased expression of pu.1 and l-plastin. Under the same conditions, MO injection did not affect the markers involved in vascular and pronephric development. Conversely, overexpression of gfi1.1 via mRNA injection enhanced expression of gata1 but inhibited expression of pu.1. These findings suggest that Gfi1.1 plays a critical role in regulating the balance of embryonic erythroid and myeloid lineage determination, and is also required for the differentiation of lymphocytes and granulocytes during zebrafish embryogenesis.
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15
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Combinatorial regulation of novel erythroid gene expression in zebrafish. Exp Hematol 2008; 36:424-32. [PMID: 18243489 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Revised: 11/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The specification and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into red blood cells requires precise coordination by multiple transcription factors. Most genes important for erythroid maturation are regulated by the Gata family of DNA-binding proteins. Previously, we identified three novel genes kelch-repeat containing protein (krcp), kiaa0650, and testhymin/glucocorticoid inducible transcript 1 (glcci1) to be expressed in erythroid cells in a Gata-independent manner, and we sought to further understand how these transcripts are regulated during zebrafish hematopoiesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We employed a loss-of-function approach, using combinations of antisense morpholinos to hematopoietic transcription factors and assayed for changes in gene expression in zebrafish embryos. RESULTS Upon examination of embryos deficient for Gata1, Gata2, Biklf, and/or Scl, we found distinct gene combinations were required for expression of the novel genes. While krcp expression was dependent upon Gata1 and Biklf, kiaa0650 expression was greatly reduced and glcci1 was maintained in Gata1/Gata2/Biklf-deficient embryos. As with the gata1 gene, kiaa0650 and krcp required Scl for blood expression. Although reduced, glcci1 was expressed in posterior blood precursors in the absence of Scl and Gata2. CONCLUSIONS This work identifies glcci1 as having Scl-independent expression in the posterior hematopoietic mesoderm, suggesting that its posterior expression is activated by factors upstream or parallel to Scl and Gata2. Additionally, these studies establish that blood gene expression programs are regulated by transcription factors acting in combination during erythroid maturation.
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16
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Meijer AH, van der Sar AM, Cunha C, Lamers GEM, Laplante MA, Kikuta H, Bitter W, Becker TS, Spaink HP. Identification and real-time imaging of a myc-expressing neutrophil population involved in inflammation and mycobacterial granuloma formation in zebrafish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 32:36-49. [PMID: 17553562 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2007] [Revised: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/06/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
By enhancer trap screening we identified a transgenic zebrafish line showing leukocyte-specific YFP expression during late embryo and early larval development. Its enhancer detection insertion was mapped near a novel member of the myc proto-oncogene family, encoding transcription factors known to be important for regulating human myelopoiesis. Characterization of the zebrafish myc family showed that only this particular myc gene is strongly expressed in leukocytes. To identify the myc/YFP-expressing cell type, we re-examined specificity of described myeloid markers by multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization, showing that lcp1 can be considered as a general leukocyte marker, csf1r as a macrophage-specific marker, and mpx and lyz as neutrophil-specific markers. Subsequent colocalization analysis defined the YFP-positive cells as a subset of the neutrophil population. Using real-time confocal imaging we demonstrate that these cells migrate to sites of inflammation and are involved in innate immune responses towards infections, including Mycobacterium marinum-induced granuloma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie H Meijer
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands.
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17
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Liu TX, Rhodes J, Deng M, Hsu K, Radomska HS, Kanki JP, Tenen DG, Look AT. Dominant-interfering C/EBPalpha stimulates primitive erythropoiesis in zebrafish. Exp Hematol 2007; 35:230-9. [PMID: 17258072 PMCID: PMC2967023 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2006.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2006] [Revised: 09/28/2006] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of CCAAT enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBPalpha) during zebrafish embryonic blood development. METHODS Whole-mount mRNA in situ hybridization was performed to determine the spatio-temporal expression pattern of zebrafish cebpa in developing hematopoietic progenitors. A deletion mutation of cebpa (zD420), which mimics the human dominant-negative mutations of C/EBPalpha, was transfected into CV1 cell line to evaluate its transcriptional activity in vitro and injected into zebrafish embryos at the one- to two-cell stage to examine its effects on primitive hematopoiesis during early zebrafish development. RESULTS Zebrafish cebpa is expressed in the anterior and posterior lateral plate mesoderm at 12 hours postfertilization, along with scl, pu.1, and gata1 in developing hematopoietic progenitors. In vitro, the deletion mutation of cebpa (zD420) prevents expression of the full-length protein, allowing the expression of truncated isoforms from internal translational initiation sites. As in the human, the truncated zebrafish C/EBPalpha proteins did not activate the expression of known target granulocytic genes, and in fact suppressed transactivation that was induced in vitro by the full-length protein. Forced expression of the zD420 mRNA in zebrafish embryos led to an expansion of primitive erythropoiesis, without a discernible effect on granulopoiesis. CONCLUSION Expression of the truncated isoforms of cebpa alters the developmental pattern of hematopoietic progenitor cells during embryogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blood Vessels/embryology
- Blood Vessels/metabolism
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha/genetics
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Embryonic Development/genetics
- Embryonic Development/physiology
- Erythropoiesis/genetics
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Genes, Dominant
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/physiology
- RNA, Messenger
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic/physiology
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xi Liu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jennifer Rhodes
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Min Deng
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Karl Hsu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Hanna S. Radomska
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - John P. Kanki
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Daniel G. Tenen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - A. Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Correspondence to: Prof. A. Thomas Look, M.D., Pediatric Oncology Dept, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Mayer 630, Boston, MA 02115. Tel: 617-632-5826; FAX: 617-632-6989.
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18
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Su F, Juarez MA, Cooke CL, LaPointe L, Shavit JA, Yamaoka JS, Lyons SE. Differential Regulation of Primitive Myelopoiesis in the Zebrafish by Spi-1/Pu.1 and C/ebp1. Zebrafish 2007; 4:187-99. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2007.0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Su
- Division of Hematology–Oncology and Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Marianne A. Juarez
- Division of Hematology–Oncology and Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christopher L. Cooke
- Division of Hematology–Oncology and Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lisa LaPointe
- Division of Hematology–Oncology and Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jordan A. Shavit
- HHMI and Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jennifer S. Yamaoka
- HHMI and Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Susan E. Lyons
- Division of Hematology–Oncology and Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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19
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Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as an ideal organism for the study of hematopoiesis, the process by which all the cellular elements of the blood are formed. These elements, including erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, and thrombocytes, are formed through complex genetic signaling pathways that are highly conserved throughout phylogeny. Large-scale forward genetic screens have identified numerous blood mutants in zebrafish, helping to elucidate specific signaling pathways important for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the various committed blood cell lineages. Here we review both primitive and definitive hematopoiesis in zebrafish, discuss various genetic methods available in the zebrafish model for studying hematopoiesis, and describe some of the zebrafish blood mutants identified to date, many of which have known human disease counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill L O de Jong
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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20
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Huttenhuis HBT, Taverne-Thiele AJ, Grou CPO, Bergsma J, Saeij JPJ, Nakayasu C, Rombout JHWM. Ontogeny of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) innate immune system. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 30:557-74. [PMID: 16406121 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2005] [Revised: 08/03/2005] [Accepted: 08/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The ontogeny of the teleost innate immune system was studied in carp using cellular, histological and quantitative molecular techniques. Carp myeloid cells first appeared ventro-lateral of the aorta at 2 days post fertilization (the start of hatching), and subsequently around the sinuses of the vena cardinalis (or posterior blood islet), head kidney and trunk kidney. In addition, the hematopoietic tissue around the sinuses of the vena cardinalis transformed into that of the trunk kidney, which is the first description of the ontogeny of the trunk kidney hematopoietic tissue in teleosts. The mAb's used in this study reacted with carp myeloid surface molecules that are already transcribed and processed from the first appearance of myeloid cells, and thus serve a significant role in unraveling ontogenetic processes of teleost immunology. Finally, this study associated the first appearance of myeloid cells with an immune response on the molecular level: 2 days post fertilization embryos responded to LPS injection with upregulation of interleukin 1-beta, inducible nitric oxide synthase and serum amyloid A, and down-regulation of complement factor 3 and alpha2-macroglobulin, implying a functional embryonic innate defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi B T Huttenhuis
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Juarez MA, Su F, Chun S, Kiel MJ, Lyons SE. Distinct Roles for SCL in Erythroid Specification and Maturation in Zebrafish. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:41636-44. [PMID: 16210319 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m507998200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem cell leukemia (SCL) transcription factor is essential for vertebrate hematopoiesis. Using the powerful zebrafish model for embryonic analysis, we compared the effects of either reducing or ablating Scl using morpholino-modified antisense RNAs. Ablation of Scl resulted in the loss of primitive and definitive hematopoiesis, consistent with its essential role in these processes. Interestingly, in embryos with severely reduced Scl levels, erythroid progenitors expressing gata1 and embryonic globin developed. Erythroid maturation was deficient in these Scl hypomorphs, supporting that Scl was required both for the erythroid specification and for the maturation steps, with maturation requiring higher Scl levels than specification. Although all hematopoietic functions were rescued by wild-type Scl mRNA, an Scl DNA binding mutant rescued primitive and definitive hematopoiesis but did not rescue primitive erythroid maturation. Together, we showed that there is a distinct Scl hypomorphic phenotype and demonstrated that distinct functions are required for the roles of Scl in the specification and differentiation of primitive and definitive hematopoietic lineages. Our results revealed that Scl participates in multiple processes requiring different levels and functions. Further, we identified an Scl hypomorphic phenotype distinct from the null state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne A Juarez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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22
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Abstract
Zebrafish produce nearly identical hematopoeitic cell lineages to those found in mammals and other higher vertebrates. As in mammals, blood cell development proceeds in distinct waves, constituting embryonic (primitive) and adult (definitive) hematopoiesis. The conservation of genes such as scl, pu.1, c/ebpalpha, mpo, l-plastin, and lysozyme C in myelopoiesis and the corresponding expression patterns in zebrafish suggests that shared genetic pathways regulate this complex developmental process. In the zebrafish model system, experimental approaches have been applied, including RNA in situ hybridization, morpholino injections, and the analysis of mutant and transgenic fish lines, leading to improved understanding of the regulation in vivo of key molecular pathways with conserved roles in vertebrate myelopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason N Berman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass. 02115, USA
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23
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Meijer AH, Verbeek FJ, Salas-Vidal E, Corredor-Adámez M, Bussman J, van der Sar AM, Otto GW, Geisler R, Spaink HP. Transcriptome profiling of adult zebrafish at the late stage of chronic tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium marinum infection. Mol Immunol 2005; 42:1185-203. [PMID: 15829308 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2004.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Mycobacterium marinum-zebrafish infection model was used in this study for analysis of a host transcriptome response to mycobacterium infection at the organismal level. RNA isolated from adult zebrafish that showed typical signs of fish tuberculosis due to a chronic progressive infection with M. marinum was compared with RNA from healthy fish in microarray analyses. Spotted oligonucleotide sets (designed by Sigma-Compugen and MWG) and Affymetrix GeneChips were used, in total comprising 45,465 zebrafish transcript annotations. Based on a detailed comparative analysis and quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis, we present a validated reference set of 159 genes whose regulation is strongly affected by mycobacterial infection in the three types of microarrays analyzed. Furthermore, we analyzed the separate datasets of the microarrays with special emphasis on the expression profiles of immune-related genes. Upregulated genes include many known components of the inflammatory response and several genes that have previously been implicated in the response to mycobacterial infections in cell cultures of other organisms. Different marker genes of the myeloid lineage that have been characterized in zebrafish also showed increased expression. Furthermore, the zebrafish homologs of many signal transduction genes with relationship to the immune response were induced by M. marinum infection. Future functional analysis of these genes may contribute to understanding the mechanisms of mycobacterial pathogenesis. Since a large group of genes linked to immune responses did not show altered expression in the infected animals, these results suggest specific responses in mycobacterium-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie H Meijer
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands.
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24
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Abstract
Progressive advances using zebrafish as a model organism have provided hematologists with an additional genetic system to study blood cell formation and hematological malignancies. Despite extensive evolutionary divergence between bony fish (teleosts) and mammals, the molecular pathways governing hematopoiesis have been highly conserved. As a result, most (if not all) of the critical hematopoietic transcription factor genes identified in mammals have orthologues in zebrafish. As in other vertebrates, all of the teleost blood lineages are believed to originate from a pool of pluripotent, self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells. Here, we provide a detailed review of the timing, anatomical location, and transcriptional regulation of zebrafish 'primitive' and 'definitive' hematopoiesis as well as discuss a model of T-cell leukemia and recent advances in blood cell transplantation. Given that many of the regulatory genes that control embryonic hematopoiesis have been implicated in oncogenic pathways in adults, an understanding of blood cell ontogeny is likely to provide insights into the pathophysiology of human leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Davidson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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25
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Onnebo SMN, Yoong SHS, Ward AC. Harnessing zebrafish for the study of white blood cell development and its perturbation. Exp Hematol 2004; 32:789-96. [PMID: 15345279 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2004.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of normal white blood cell development and its perturbation in disease through the use of clinical studies and traditional animal and cell line models. Despite this, however, many questions are still being answered and white blood cell disorders, including leukemia and lymphoma, remain a significant health problem. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a powerful alternative vertebrate model for the study of development and disease. We review the recent application of zebrafish to the study of white blood cell development and its disruption, particularly leukemogenesis. Such studies have highlighted the overall conservation of these processes throughout vertebrates, and establish zebrafish as a useful experimental model. This organism is now poised to make an important contribution to our understanding of the underlying genetic control of white blood cell development and its disruption, as well as the identification of new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M N Onnebo
- Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Berman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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27
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Ward AC, McPhee DO, Condron MM, Varma S, Cody SH, Onnebo SMN, Paw BH, Zon LI, Lieschke GJ. The zebrafish spi1 promoter drives myeloid-specific expression in stable transgenic fish. Blood 2003; 102:3238-40. [PMID: 12869502 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-03-0966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The spi1 (pu.1) gene has recently been identified as a useful marker of early myeloid cells in zebrafish. To enhance the versatility of this organism as a model for studying myeloid development, the promoter of this gene has been isolated and characterized. Transient transgenesis revealed that a 5.3 kilobase promoter fragment immediately upstream of the spi1 coding sequence was sufficient to drive expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in injected embryos in a manner that largely recapitulated the native spi1 gene expression pattern. This fragment was successfully used to produce a germ line transgenic line of zebrafish with EGFP-expressing myeloid cells. These TG(spi1:EGFP)pA301 transgenic zebrafish represent a valuable tool for further studies of myeloid development and its perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alister C Ward
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
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28
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Nakatsuji T. A homozygous and a heterozygous defect of the winged helix DNA-binding domain of the fork head (FH) gene in tailless and tailed rat siblings: resultant lymphocyte-rich thymoma connected with renal tubule amyloid beta (Abeta) deposits. Clin Biochem 2003; 36:171-6. [PMID: 12726924 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9120(02)00472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the cause of thymoma connected with renal amyloid beta (Abeta) overproduction. DESIGN AND METHODS Pathologic, immune-fluorescence analyses, flow cytometry (FCM) analyses, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR were applied for tailless and tailed Lewis/Sea rat siblings at the age of 6 months. RESULTS A homozygous defect of the winged helix DNA-binding domain of the fork head (FH) gene was detected in the RT-PCR of the tailless rat kidney and liver. Lymphocyte-rich thymoma was found in both rats, but was more prominent in the tailless rat. FCM showed that CD4+ and CD8a+ cells constituted of more than 90% of the thymus lymphocytes in both rats. Abeta deposits in the renal tubules of both rats were shown by positive staining with antihuman Abeta (11-28) antibody (Ab) together with the activation of the kidney presenilin (PSEN) genes. The mRNA level of transthyretin (TTR) was suppressed moderately with age by the homozygous FH1 gene defect. CONCLUSIONS Both homozygous and heterozygous defects of the DNA-binding domain of the FH gene caused lymphocyte-rich thymoma and renal Abeta overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadako Nakatsuji
- Department of Transfusion, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
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29
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30
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Ramji DP, Foka P. CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins: structure, function and regulation. Biochem J 2002; 365:561-75. [PMID: 12006103 PMCID: PMC1222736 DOI: 10.1042/bj20020508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1056] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2002] [Revised: 05/09/2002] [Accepted: 05/10/2002] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) are a family of transcription factors that all contain a highly conserved, basic-leucine zipper domain at the C-terminus that is involved in dimerization and DNA binding. At least six members of the family have been isolated and characterized to date (C/EBP alpha[bond]C/EBP zeta), with further diversity produced by the generation of different sized polypeptides, predominantly by differential use of translation initiation sites, and extensive protein-protein interactions both within the family and with other transcription factors. The function of the C/EBPs has recently been investigated by a number of approaches, including studies on mice that lack specific members, and has identified pivotal roles of the family in the control of cellular proliferation and differentiation, metabolism, inflammation and numerous other responses, particularly in hepatocytes, adipocytes and haematopoietic cells. The expression of the C/EBPs is regulated at multiple levels during several physiological and pathophysiological conditions through the action of a range of factors, including hormones, mitogens, cytokines, nutrients and certain toxins. The mechanisms through which the C/EBP members are regulated during such conditions have also been the focus of several recent studies and have revealed an immense complexity with the potential existence of cell/tissue- and species-specific differences. This review deals with the structure, biological function and the regulation of the C/EBP family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, P.O. Box 911, Cardiff CF10 3US, Wales, U.K.
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31
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Lieschke GJ, Oates AC, Paw BH, Thompson MA, Hall NE, Ward AC, Ho RK, Zon LI, Layton JE. Zebrafish SPI-1 (PU.1) marks a site of myeloid development independent of primitive erythropoiesis: implications for axial patterning. Dev Biol 2002; 246:274-95. [PMID: 12051816 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.2002.0657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian transcription factor SPI-1 (synonyms: SPI1, PU.1, or Sfpi1) plays a critical role in myeloid development. To examine early myeloid commitment in the zebrafish embryo, we isolated a gene from zebrafish that is a SPI-1 orthologue on the basis of homology and phylogenetic considerations. The zebrafish spi1 (pu1) gene was first expressed at 12 h postfertilization in rostral lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), anatomically isolated from erythroid development in caudal lateral plate mesoderm. Fate-mapping traced rostral LPM cells from the region of initial spi1 expression to a myeloid fate. spi1 expression was lost in the bloodless mutant cloche, but rostral spi1 expression and myeloid development were preserved in the mutant spadetail, despite its complete erythropoietic failure. This dissociation of myeloid and erythroid development was further explored in studies of embryos overexpressing BMP-4, or chordin, in bmp-deficient swirl and snailhouse mutants, and chordin-deficient chordino mutants. These studies demonstrate that, in zebrafish, spi1 marks a rostral population of LPM cells committed to a myeloid fate anatomically separated from and developmentally independent of erythroid commitment in the caudal LPM. Such complete anatomical and developmental dissociation of two hematopoietic lineages adds an interesting complexity to the understanding of vertebrate hematopoietic development and presents significant implications for the mechanisms regulating axial patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Lieschke
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia.
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32
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Lyons SE, Lawson ND, Lei L, Bennett PE, Weinstein BM, Liu PP. A nonsense mutation in zebrafish gata1 causes the bloodless phenotype in vlad tepes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:5454-9. [PMID: 11960002 PMCID: PMC122790 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.082695299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vlad tepes (vlt(m651)) is one of only five "bloodless" zebrafish mutants isolated through large-scale chemical mutagenesis screening. It is characterized by a severe reduction in blood cell progenitors and few or no blood cells at the onset of circulation. We now report characterization of the mutant phenotype and the identification of the gene mutated in vlt(m651). Embryos homozygous for the vlt(m651) mutation had normal expression of hematopoietic stem cell markers through 24 h postfertilization, as well as normal expression of myeloid and lymphoid markers. Analysis of erythroid development revealed variable expression of erythroid markers. Through positional and candidate gene cloning approaches we identified a nonsense mutation in the gata1 gene, 1015C --> T (Arg-339 --> Stop), in vlt(m651). The nonsense mutation was located C-terminal to the two zinc fingers and resulted in a truncated protein that was unable to bind DNA or mediate GATA-specific transactivation. A BAC clone containing the zebrafish gata1 gene was able to rescue the bloodless phenotype in vlt(m651). These results show that the vlt(m651) mutation is a previously uncharacterized gata1 allele in the zebrafish. The vlt(m651) mutation sheds new light on Gata1 structure and function in vivo, demonstrates that Gata1 plays an essential role in zebrafish hematopoiesis with significant conservation of function between mammals and zebrafish, and offers a powerful tool for future studies of the hematopoietic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Lyons
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 49, Room 3A18, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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33
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Abstract
Here, we report isolation and developmental expression pattern of the zebrafish lysozyme C gene. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that the zebrafish lysozyme C protein shared approximately 37-80% identities with the mouse, human, chicken, and carp counterparts. Whole-mount in situ hybridization showed that the lysozyme C gene was expressed in macrophages, as its expression was co-localized with the known myeloid lineage markers L-plastin and PU.1. At 20 hours postfertilization (hpf), most of the lysozyme C positive cells were localized in the yolksac and head mesenchyme but not in the intermediate cell mass, supporting the notion that the primitive macrophage originated from the yolksac (Development 126 (1999) 3735). At 36hpf, the lysozyme C positive cells scattered within the head and yolksac, and began to appear in the caudal part of axial vein. By 6 days postfertilization (dpf), the lysozyme C positive cells accumulated in the kidney where hematopoiesis had been indicated to take place after 4dpf (Dev. Dyn. 214 (1999) 323). Taken together, our results demonstrate that the lysozyme C gene is specifically expressed in myeloid lineage, suggesting that it could serve as an excellent marker for genetic screening of both primitive and definitive myeloid lineage development in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Agrobiology, 1 Research Link, 117604, Singapore
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34
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Lyons SE, Shue BC, Lei L, Oates AC, Zon LI, Liu PP. Molecular cloning, genetic mapping, and expression analysis of four zebrafish c/ebp genes. Gene 2001; 281:43-51. [PMID: 11750126 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(01)00774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The CCAAT/enhancer binding protein family (C/EBP) are transcription factors that play integral roles in the development and function of many organ systems, including hematopoietic cells, adipose tissues, and liver. We have identified and characterized putative zebrafish orthologs of mammalian C/EBP alpha, beta, gamma, and delta using low-stringency hybridization screening and computer searches of the GenBank EST database. c/ebpa and g were mapped within 1 cM of each other on linkage group (LG) 7, syntenic with human CEBPA and G genes on chromosome 19. c/ebpb was mapped to LG8, and c/ebpd was mapped to LG24, on the same LG as a recently identified unique c/ebp in zebrafish, c/ebp1. The mapping of these genes established new syntenic relationships between LG8 and human chromosome 20, extended existing synteny between LG7 and human chromosome 19, and confirmed the synteny between LG24 and human chromosome 8. In addition, these syntenies between zebrafish and human chromosomes are also conserved in the mouse genome. To characterize the expression of these genes, RNA in situ hybridization in embryos of wild type and a hematopoietic mutant, cloche, was performed. The results showed that zebrafish c/ebpa, b, g, and d were expressed in many embryonic tissues. c/ebpa and b were expressed in a subset of hematopoietic cells in a region consistent with myeloid expression. In addition, there was expression of c/ebpa and b in the liver and c/ebpa, b, and d in regions of the gastrointestinal tract. The expression of the c/ebps may serve as important markers for analysis of myelopoiesis, hepatic development, and other developmental processes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Lyons
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Room 3A18, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Lieschke GJ, Oates AC, Crowhurst MO, Ward AC, Layton JE. Morphologic and functional characterization of granulocytes and macrophages in embryonic and adult zebrafish. Blood 2001; 98:3087-96. [PMID: 11698295 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v98.10.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is a useful model organism for developmental and genetic studies. The morphology and function of zebrafish myeloid cells were characterized. Adult zebrafish contain 2 distinct granulocytes, a heterophil and a rarer eosinophil, both of which circulate and are generated in the kidney, the adult hematopoietic organ. Heterophils show strong histochemical myeloperoxidasic activity, although weaker peroxidase activity was observed under some conditions in eosinophils and erythrocytes. Embryonic zebrafish have circulating immature heterophils by 48 hours after fertilization (hpf). A zebrafish myeloperoxidase homologue (myeloid-specific peroxidase; mpx) was isolated. Phylogenetic analysis suggested it represented a gene ancestral to the mammalian myeloperoxidase gene family. It was expressed in adult granulocytes and in embryos from 18 hpf, first diffusely in the axial intermediate cell mass and then discretely in a dispersed cell population. Comparison of hemoglobinized cell distribution, mpx gene expression, and myeloperoxidase histochemistry in wild-type and mutant embryos confirmed that the latter reliably identified a population of myeloid cells. Studies in embryos after tail transection demonstrated that mpx- and peroxidase-expressing cells were mobile and localized to a site of inflammation, indicating functional capability of these embryonic granulocytes. Embryonic macrophages removed carbon particles from the circulation by phagocytosis. Collectively, these observations have demonstrated the early onset of zebrafish granulopoiesis, have proved that granulocytes circulate by 48 hpf, and have demonstrated the functional activity of embryonic granulocytes and macrophages. These observations will facilitate the application of this genetically tractable organism to the study of myelopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Lieschke
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Abstract
The zebrafish is a useful model organism for developmental and genetic studies. The morphology and function of zebrafish myeloid cells were characterized. Adult zebrafish contain 2 distinct granulocytes, a heterophil and a rarer eosinophil, both of which circulate and are generated in the kidney, the adult hematopoietic organ. Heterophils show strong histochemical myeloperoxidasic activity, although weaker peroxidase activity was observed under some conditions in eosinophils and erythrocytes. Embryonic zebrafish have circulating immature heterophils by 48 hours after fertilization (hpf). A zebrafish myeloperoxidase homologue (myeloid-specificperoxidase; mpx) was isolated. Phylogenetic analysis suggested it represented a gene ancestral to the mammalian myeloperoxidase gene family. It was expressed in adult granulocytes and in embryos from 18 hpf, first diffusely in the axial intermediate cell mass and then discretely in a dispersed cell population. Comparison of hemoglobinized cell distribution,mpx gene expression, and myeloperoxidase histochemistry in wild-type and mutant embryos confirmed that the latter reliably identified a population of myeloid cells. Studies in embryos after tail transection demonstrated that mpx- and peroxidase-expressing cells were mobile and localized to a site of inflammation, indicating functional capability of these embryonic granulocytes. Embryonic macrophages removed carbon particles from the circulation by phagocytosis. Collectively, these observations have demonstrated the early onset of zebrafish granulopoiesis, have proved that granulocytes circulate by 48 hpf, and have demonstrated the functional activity of embryonic granulocytes and macrophages. These observations will facilitate the application of this genetically tractable organism to the study of myelopoiesis.
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Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) animal model offers a unique opportunity to discover novel genes required for the control of normal vertebrate myeloid cell development. It is well suited for both developmental and genetic analyses: eg, genome-wide chemical mutagenesis screens have led to the identification of specific new genes affecting vertebrate erythropoiesis. Mutants defective in one or more hematopoietic functions will be useful as models of human disease and will assist in the elucidation of lineage-specific developmental programs. By using a combination of forward genetic mutagenesis screens and emerging strategies based on transgenic and antisense knockdown approaches, it should be possible to dissect the genetic programs that lead to myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic syndromes and to acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hsu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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