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Bauvois B, Nguyen-Khac F, Merle-Béral H, Susin SA. CD38/NAD + glycohydrolase and associated antigens in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: From interconnected signalling pathways to therapeutic strategies. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00165-2. [PMID: 39009062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a heterogenous disease characterized by the accumulation of neoplastic CD5+/CD19+ B lymphocytes. The spreading of the leukaemia relies on the CLL cell's ability to survive in the blood and migrate to and proliferate within the bone marrow and lymphoid tissues. Some patients with CLL are either refractory to the currently available therapies or relapse after treatment; this emphasizes the need for novel therapeutic strategies that improving clinical responses and overcome drug resistance. CD38 is a marker of a poor prognosis and governs a set of survival, proliferation and migration signals that contribute to the pathophysiology of CLL. The literature data evidence a spatiotemporal association between the cell surface expression of CD38 and that of other CLL antigens, such as the B-cell receptor (BCR), CD19, CD26, CD44, the integrin very late antigen 4 (VLA4), the chemokine receptor CXCR4, the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGF-R2), and the neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin receptor (NGAL-R). Most of these proteins contribute to CLL cell survival, proliferation and trafficking, and cooperate with CD38 in multilayered signal transduction processes. In general, these antigens have already been validated as therapeutic targets in cancer, and a broad repertoire of specific monoclonal antibodies and derivatives are available. Here, we review the state of the art in this field and examine the therapeutic opportunities for cotargeting CD38 and its partners in CLL, e.g. by designing novel bi-/trispecific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Bauvois
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006, Paris, France.
| | - Florence Nguyen-Khac
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Hélène Merle-Béral
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006, Paris, France.
| | - Santos A Susin
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006, Paris, France.
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Golyarnik N, Абраменко І, Movchan G, Martina Z, Dyagil I, Chumak A, Bazyka D. IMMUNOPHENOTYPE OF LEUKEMIC CELLS IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA PATIENTS WITH NOTCH1 AND SF3B1 GENE MUTATIONS. Exp Oncol 2023; 45:322-327. [PMID: 38186023 DOI: 10.15407/exp-oncology.2023.03.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The typical chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) immunophenotype is vital for diagnosis, but the expression of some antigens varies and has prognostic value. There are data that reduced CD20 expression is associated with NOTCH1 and SF3B1 gene mutations. AIM To determine a high-risk group of CLL patients for prediction of unfavorable NOTCH1 and SF3B1 gene mutations based on immunophenotyping of leukemic cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Flow cytometric and molecular-genetic analysis (mutations of NOTCH1, SF3B1, and TP53 genes using the polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing) was performed in a group of 86 previously untreated CLL patients. RESULTS The immunophenotype of leukemic cells of all examined patients met the criteria of CLL diagnosis. NOTCH1 gene mutations were found in 21 patients (24.4%), and SF3B1 gene mutations - in 7 patients (8.1%). There were no TP53 gene mutations among the examined patients. A decreased number of CD20+CD5+ cells and a downward trend in the relative index of mean fluorescence intensity (iMFI) of CD20+ cells were found in patients with NOTCH1 and SF3B1 gene mutations. Based on the iMFI level (higher and/or lower than 3.0) and the number of CD20+CD5+ cells among all B-cells (higher and/or lower than 50%), we distinguished CLL cases with low and relatively high levels of CD20 antigen expression. Using ROC analysis and the parameter of low CD20 antigen expression, we could predict the presence of NOTCH1 and SF3B1 gene mutations in 73.3 ± 0.06% of patients (p = 0.001). The risk of NOTCH1 and SF3B1 gene mutations in cases with low CD20 antigen expression was 6.96 (95% CI = 2.53-19.18; p = 0.0001). The revealed regularities were statistically significant for patients in whom the diagnosis was established in all Binet - Rai stages except A0-AI. CONCLUSION Our data confirmed a reduced CD20 expression in CLL patients with NOTCH1 and SF3B1 mutations. In addition, an approach was proposed to identify high-risk CLL patients for prediction of such mutations: previously untreated CLL patients at advanced Binet - Rai stages (BII, CIII, CIV) with a reduced number of double-positive CD20+CD5+ cells in peripheral blood and/or low iMFI of CD20+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Golyarnik
- State Institution "National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - І Абраменко
- State Institution "National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - G Movchan
- State Institution "National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Z Martina
- State Institution "National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - I Dyagil
- State Institution "National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - A Chumak
- State Institution "National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - D Bazyka
- State Institution "National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There have been significant advances in the treatment of relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) over the past two decades. However, the intention of treatment remains control of the disease and delay of progression rather than a cure which remains largely elusive. Considering that CLL is mostly seen in older patients, there are multiple factors that play a role in the selection of CLL beyond the frontline treatment. Here, we review the concept of relapsed CLL, factors that predispose to relapse, and therapeutic options available to this patient population. We also review investigational therapies and provide a framework for selection of therapies in this setting. RECENT FINDINGS Targeted therapies with continuous BTK inhibitors (BTKi) or fixed duration venetoclax plus anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy have established superiority over chemoimmunotherapy in relapsed CLL and have become the preferred standard of care treatment. The second-generation more selective BTK inhibitors (acalabrutinib and zanubrutinib) have shown improved safety profile compared to ibrutinib. However, resistance to the covalent BTK inhibitors may emerge and is commonly associated with mutations in BTK or other downstream enzymes. The novel non-covalent BTK inhibitors such as pirtobrutinib (Loxo-305) and nemtabrutinib (ARQ 531) are showing promising activities for relapsed CLL refractory to prior covalent BTKi. Other novel therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy have also shown significant activities for relapsed and refractory CLL. Measurable residual disease (MRD) assessment has a growing importance in venetoclax-based limited-duration therapy and there is mounting evidence that MRD negativity improves outcomes. However, it remains to be seen if this will become an established clinically significant endpoint. Further, the optimal sequence of various treatment options remains to be determined. Patients with relapsed CLL now have more options for the treatment of the disease. The choice of therapy is best individualized especially in the absence of direct comparisons of targeted therapies, and the coming years will bring more data on the best sequence of use of the therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatobi Odetola
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 805, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Shuo Ma
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 805, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Hiemstra IH, Santegoets KCM, Janmaat ML, De Goeij BECG, Ten Hagen W, van Dooremalen S, Boross P, van den Brakel J, Bosgra S, Andringa G, van Kessel-Welmers B, Verzijl D, Hibbert RG, Frerichs KA, Mutis T, van de Donk NWCJ, Ahmadi T, Satijn D, Sasser AK, Breij ECW. Preclinical anti-tumour activity of HexaBody-CD38, a next-generation CD38 antibody with superior complement-dependent cytotoxic activity. EBioMedicine 2023; 93:104663. [PMID: 37379657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HexaBody®-CD38 (GEN3014) is a hexamerization-enhanced human IgG1 that binds CD38 with high affinity. The E430G mutation in its Fc domain facilitates the natural process of antibody hexamer formation upon binding to the cell surface, resulting in increased binding of C1q and potentiated complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). METHODS Co-crystallization studies were performed to identify the binding interface of HexaBody-CD38 and CD38. HexaBody-CD38-induced CDC, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), trogocytosis, and apoptosis were assessed using flow cytometry assays using tumour cell lines, and MM patient samples (CDC). CD38 enzymatic activity was measured using fluorescence spectroscopy. Anti-tumour activity of HexaBody-CD38 was assessed in patient-derived xenograft mouse models in vivo. FINDINGS HexaBody-CD38 binds a unique epitope on CD38 and induced potent CDC in multiple myeloma (MM), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) cells. Anti-tumour activity was confirmed in patient-derived xenograft models in vivo. Sensitivity to HexaBody-CD38 correlated with CD38 expression level and was inversely correlated with expression of complement regulatory proteins. Compared to daratumumab, HexaBody-CD38 showed enhanced CDC in cell lines with lower levels of CD38 expression, without increasing lysis of healthy leukocytes. More effective CDC was also confirmed in primary MM cells. Furthermore, HexaBody-CD38 efficiently induced ADCC, ADCP, trogocytosis, and apoptosis after Fc-crosslinking. Moreover, HexaBody-CD38 strongly inhibited CD38 cyclase activity, which is hypothesized to relieve immune suppression in the tumour microenvironment. INTERPRETATION Based on these preclinical studies, a clinical trial was initiated to assess the clinical safety of HexaBody-CD38 in patients with MM. FUNDING Genmab.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kristine A Frerichs
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tuna Mutis
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Niels W C J van de Donk
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Qin K, Honjo K, Sherrill-Mix S, Liu W, Stoltz RM, Oman AK, Hall LA, Li R, Sterrett S, Frederick ER, Lancaster JR, Narkhede M, Mehta A, Ogunsile FJ, Patel RB, Ketas TJ, Cruz Portillo VM, Cupo A, Larimer BM, Bansal A, Goepfert PA, Hahn BH, Davis RS. Exposure of progressive immune dysfunction by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A prospective cohort study. PLoS Med 2023; 20:e1004157. [PMID: 37384638 PMCID: PMC10309642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have reduced seroconversion rates and lower binding antibody (Ab) and neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers than healthy individuals following Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccination. Here, we dissected vaccine-mediated humoral and cellular responses to understand the mechanisms underlying CLL-induced immune dysfunction. METHODS AND FINDINGS We performed a prospective observational study in SARS-CoV-2 infection-naïve CLL patients (n = 95) and healthy controls (n = 30) who were vaccinated between December 2020 and June 2021. Sixty-one CLL patients and 27 healthy controls received 2 doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine, while 34 CLL patients and 3 healthy controls received 2 doses of the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine. The median time to analysis was 38 days (IQR, 27 to 83) for CLL patients and 36 days (IQR, 28 to 57) for healthy controls. Testing plasma samples for SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike and receptor-binding domain Abs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we found that all healthy controls seroconverted to both antigens, while CLL patients had lower response rates (68% and 54%) as well as lower median titers (23-fold and 30-fold; both p < 0.001). Similarly, NAb responses against the then prevalent D614G and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants were detected in 97% and 93% of controls, respectively, but in only 42% and 38% of CLL patients, who also exhibited >23-fold and >17-fold lower median NAb titers (both p < 0.001). Interestingly, 26% of CLL patients failed to develop NAbs but had high-titer binding Abs that preferentially reacted with the S2 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike. Since these patients were also seropositive for endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs), these responses likely reflect cross-reactive HCoV Abs rather than vaccine-induced de novo responses. CLL disease status, advanced Rai stage (III-IV), elevated serum beta-2 microglobulin levels (β2m >2.4 mg/L), prior therapy, anti-CD20 immunotherapy (<12 months), and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) prophylaxis were all predictive of an inability to mount SARS-CoV-2 NAbs (all p ≤ 0.03). T cell response rates determined for a subset of participants were 2.8-fold lower for CLL patients compared to healthy controls (0.05, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.27, p < 0.001), with reduced intracellular IFNγ staining (p = 0.03) and effector polyfunctionality (p < 0.001) observed in CD4+ but not in CD8+ T cells. Surprisingly, in treatment-naïve CLL patients, BNT162b2 vaccination was identified as an independent negative risk factor for NAb generation (5.8, 95% CI 1.6 to 27, p = 0.006). CLL patients who received mRNA-1273 had 12-fold higher (p < 0.001) NAb titers and 1.7-fold higher (6.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 32, p = 0.02) response rates than BNT162b2 vaccinees despite similar disease characteristics. The absence of detectable NAbs in CLL patients was associated with reduced naïve CD4+ T cells (p = 0.03) and increased CD8+ effector memory T cells (p = 0.006). Limitations of the study were that not all participants were subjected to the same immune analyses and that pre-vaccination samples were not available. CONCLUSIONS CLL pathogenesis is characterized by a progressive loss of adaptive immune functions, including in most treatment-naïve patients, with preexisting memory being preserved longer than the capacity to mount responses to new antigens. In addition, higher NAb titers and response rates identify mRNA-1273 as a superior vaccine for CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qin
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kazuhito Honjo
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Scott Sherrill-Mix
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Weimin Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Regina M. Stoltz
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Allisa K. Oman
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Lucinda A. Hall
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Sarah Sterrett
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ellen R. Frederick
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. Lancaster
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Mayur Narkhede
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Amitkumar Mehta
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Foluso J. Ogunsile
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Rima B. Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Ketas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Victor M. Cruz Portillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Albert Cupo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Benjamin M. Larimer
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Anju Bansal
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Goepfert
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Beatrice H. Hahn
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Randall S. Davis
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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Lei T, Wu G, Xu Y, Zhuang W, Lu J, Han S, Zhuang Y, Dong X, Yang H. Peripheral immune cell profiling of double-hit lymphoma by mass cytometry. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:184. [PMID: 36823603 PMCID: PMC9948356 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Double-hit or Triple-hit lymphoma (DHL/THL) is a subset of high-grade B cell lymphoma harboring rearrangements of MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6, and usually associate with aggressive profile, while current therapies tend to provide poor clinical outcomes and eventually relapsed. Further explorations of DHL at cellular and molecular levels are in demand to offer guidance for clinical activity. METHODS We collected the peripheral blood of DHL patients and diffused large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients from single institute and converted them into PBMC samples. Mass cytometry was then performed to characterize these samples by 42 antibody markers with samples of healthy people as control. We divided the immune cell subtypes based on the expression profile of surface antigens, and the proportion of each cell subtype was also analyzed. By comparing the data of the DLBCL group and the healthy group, we figured out the distinguished immune cell subtypes of DHL patients according to their abundance and marker expression level. We further analyzed the heterogeneity of DHL samples by pairwise comparison based on clinical characteristics. RESULTS We found double-positive T cells (DPT) cells were in a significantly high percentage in DHL patients, whereas the ratio of double-negative T cells (DNT) was largely reduced in patients. Besides, CD38 was uniquely expressed at a high level on some naïve B cells of DHL patients, which could be a marker for the diagnosis of DHL (distinguishing from DLBCL), or even be a drug target for the treatment of DHL. In addition, we illustrated the heterogeneity of DHL patients in terms of immune cell landscape, and highlighted TP53 as a major factor that contributes to the heterogeneity of the T cells profile. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the distinct peripheral immune cell profile of DHL patients by contrast to DLBCL patients and healthy people, as well as the heterogeneity within the DHL group, which could provide valuable guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of DHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lei
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Department of Lymphoma, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gongqiang Wu
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Department of Hematology, Dongyang People’s Hospital, Dongyang Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Yongjin Xu
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Department of Lymphoma, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weihao Zhuang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XHangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Lu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XHangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shuiyun Han
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Department of Lymphoma, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Zhuang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XHangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China. .,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Lymphoma, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
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Immunophenotype of Measurable Residual Blast Cells as an Additional Prognostic Factor in Adults with B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 13:diagnostics13010021. [PMID: 36611312 PMCID: PMC9818326 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurable residual disease (MRD) is a well-known independent prognostic factor in acute leukemias, and multicolor flow cytometry (MFC) is widely used to detect MRD. MFC is able not only to enumerate MRD accurately but also to describe an antigen expression profile of residual blast cells. However, the relationship between MRD immunophenotype and patient survival probability has not yet been studied. We determined the prognostic impact of MRD immunophenotype in adults with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). In a multicenter study RALL-2016 (NCT03462095), 267 patients were enrolled from 2016 to 2022. MRD was assessed at the end of induction (day 70) in 94 patients with B-ALL by six- or 10-color flow cytometry in the bone marrow specimens. The 4 year relapse-free survival (RFS) was lower in MRD-positive B-ALL patients [37% vs. 78% (p < 0.0001)]. The absence of CD10, positive expression of CD38, and high expression of CD58 on MRD cells worsened the 4 year RFS [19% vs. 51% (p = 0.004), 0% vs. 51% (p < 0.0001), and 21% vs. 40% (p = 0.02), respectively]. The MRD immunophenotype is associated with RFS and could be an additional prognostic factor for B-ALL patients.
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Molecular Determinants Underlying the Anti-Cancer Efficacy of CD38 Monoclonal Antibodies in Hematological Malignancies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091261. [PMID: 36139103 PMCID: PMC9496523 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD38 was first discovered as a T-cell antigen and has since been found ubiquitously expressed in various hematopoietic cells, including plasma cells, NK cells, B cells, and granulocytes. More importantly, CD38 expression levels on malignant hematopoietic cells are significantly higher than counterpart healthy cells, thus presenting itself as a promising therapeutic target. In fact, for many aggressive hematological cancers, including CLL, DLBCL, T-ALL, and NKTL, CD38 expression is significantly associated with poorer prognosis and a hyperproliferative or metastatic phenotype. Studies have shown that, beyond being a biomarker, CD38 functionally mediates dysregulated survival, adhesion, and migration signaling pathways, as well as promotes an immunosuppressive microenvironment conducive for tumors to thrive. Thus, targeting CD38 is a rational approach to overcoming these malignancies. However, clinical trials have surprisingly shown that daratumumab monotherapy has not been very effective in these other blood malignancies. Furthermore, extensive use of daratumumab in MM is giving rise to a subset of patients now refractory to daratumumab treatment. Thus, it is important to consider factors modulating the determinants of response to CD38 targeting across different blood malignancies, encompassing both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels so that we can diversify the strategy to enhance daratumumab therapeutic efficacy, which can ultimately improve patient outcomes.
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Collins MA, Jung IY, Zhao Z, Apodaca K, Kong W, Lundh S, Fraietta JA, Kater AP, Sun C, Wiestner A, Melenhorst JJ. Enhanced Costimulatory Signaling Improves CAR T-cell Effector Responses in CLL. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1089-1103. [PMID: 36922932 PMCID: PMC10010331 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD19-redirected chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown remarkable activity against B-cell cancers. While second-generation CARs induce complete remission in >80% of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, similar monotherapy induces long-term remissions in only 26% of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This disparity is attributed to cell-intrinsic effector defects in autologous CLL-derived T cells. However, the mechanisms by which leukemic cells impact CAR T-cell potency are poorly understood. Herein we describe an in vitro assay that recapitulates endogenous CLL-mediated T-cell defects in healthy donor CAR T cells. Contact with CLL cells insufficiently activates, but does not irreversibly impair, CAR T-cell function. This state is rescuable by strong antigenic stimulation or IL2, and is not driven by immune suppression. Rather, this activation defect is attributable to low levels of costimulatory molecules on CLL cells, and exogenous costimulation enhanced CAR T-cell activation. We next assessed the stimulatory phenotype of CLL cells derived from different niches within the same patient. Lymph node (LN)-derived CLL cells had a strong costimulatory phenotype and promoted better CAR T-cell degranulation and cytokine production than matched peripheral blood CLL cells. Finally, in vitro CD40L-activated CLL cells acquired a costimulatory phenotype similar to the LN-derived tumor and stimulated improved CAR T-cell proliferation, cytokine production, and cytotoxicity. Together, these data identify insufficient activation as a driver of poor CAR T-cell responses in CLL. The costimulatory phenotype of CLL cells drives differential CAR T-cell responses, and can be augmented by improving costimulatory signaling. Significance CLL cells insufficiently activate CAR T cells, driven by low levels of costimulatory molecules on the tumor. LN-derived CLL cells are more costimulatory and mediate enhanced CAR T-cell killing. This costimulatory phenotype can be modeled via CD40 L activation, and the activated tumor promotes stronger CAR T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKensie A. Collins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - In-Young Jung
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ziran Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kimberly Apodaca
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Weimin Kong
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stefan Lundh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph A. Fraietta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Arnon P. Kater
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlabds
| | - Clare Sun
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adrian Wiestner
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - J. Joseph Melenhorst
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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10
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Paulus A, Malavasi F, Chanan-Khan A. CD38 as a multifaceted immunotherapeutic target in CLL. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:2265-2275. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2090551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aneel Paulus
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Fondazione Ricerca Molinette ONLUS, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Asher Chanan-Khan
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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11
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Yu TY, Jhou HJ, Chen PH, Lee CH. Effect of Lenalidomide Maintenance in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Meta-Analysis and Trial-Sequential Analysis. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:4245-4259. [PMID: 35735448 PMCID: PMC9222174 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29060339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common lymphoproliferative disease in adults. Despite durable responses and sustained remission rates to frontline therapy, CLL is still incurable within standard therapy and eventually relapses. Maintenance therapies aim to achieve deep remission. However, the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide maintenance are still debated. Randomized controlled trials published before March 2022 were retrieved from databases. Primary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Trial sequential analysis examined analytical power in primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes were Grade 3–4 neutropenia, treatment discontinuation (TD), serious adverse events (SAE), and fatal adverse events (FAE). Hazard (HR) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Four articles (733 patients) met the selection criteria. Lenalidomide maintenance was associated with a statistically significant effect in prolonging PFS (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.28–0.68; I2 = 57%) and higher proportion of SAE (OR 4.64; 95% CI 2.96–7.26; I2 = 0%) and exhibited no difference in OS (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.29–1.30; I2 = 52%) observation/placebo. It showed no significant difference compared with observation/placebo regarding Grade 3–4 neutropenia (OR 2.30; 95% CI 0.84–6.28; I2 = 81%), TD (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.29–1.99; I2 = 84%), and FAE (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.28–2.63; I2 = 0%). Lenalidomide maintenance can prolong PFS in CLL. Further studies should verify its effect on OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ying Yu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Hong-Jie Jhou
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Huang Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (P.-H.C.); (C.-H.L.); Tel.: +886-2-87923311 (P.-H.C. & C.-H.L.)
| | - Cho-Hao Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (P.-H.C.); (C.-H.L.); Tel.: +886-2-87923311 (P.-H.C. & C.-H.L.)
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12
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Zeng F, Zhang J, Jin X, Liao Q, Chen Z, Luo G, Zhou Y. Effect of CD38 on B-cell function and its role in the diagnosis and treatment of B-cell-related diseases. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2796-2807. [PMID: 35486480 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CD38 is a multifunctional receptor and enzyme present on the surface of B lymphocytes, which can induce B lymphocytes proliferation and apoptosis by crosslinking related cytokines to affect the function of B cells, thus affecting immune regulation in humans and promoting tumorigenesis. The level of CD38 expression in B cells has become an important factor in the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of malignant tumors and other related diseases. Therefore, studying the relationship between CD38 expression on the surface of B cells and the occurrence of the disease is of great significance for elucidating its association with disease pathogenesis and the clinical targeted therapy. In this paper, we review the effects of CD38 on B-cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, and elaborate the functional role and mechanism of CD38 expression on B cells. We also summarize the relationship between the level of CD38 expression on the surface of B cells and the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of various diseases, as well as the potential use of targeted CD38 treatment for related diseases. This will provide an important theoretical basis for the scientific research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of B-cell-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiani Zhang
- Senile Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhifang Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Gengqiu Luo
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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13
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Shosha NNH, Elmasry S, Moawad M, Ismail SH, Elsayed M. Invivo and invitro evaluation of antitumor effects of iron oxide and folate core shell-iron oxide nanoparticles. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e253183. [PMID: 35019096 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.253183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are considered viable options in the treatment of cancer. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and magnetite folate core shell (MFCS) on leukemic and hepatocarcinoma cell cultures as well as their effect on the animal model of acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). Through current study nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized by various techniques, and their properties were studied to confirm their nanostructure. Invivo study, nanoparticles were evaluated to inspect their cytotoxic activity against SNU-182 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), K562 (human leukemia), and THLE2 (human normal epithelial liver) cells via MTT test. Apoptotic signaling proteins Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 expression were inspected through RT-PCR method. A cytotoxic effect of MNPs and MFCS was detected in previous cell cultures. Moreover, the apoptosis was identified through significant up-regulation of caspase-3, with Bcl-2 down-regulation. Invitro study, AML was induced in rats by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea followed by oral treatment with MNPS and MFCS. Biochemical indices such as aspartate and alanine amino transferases, and lactate dehydrogenase activities, uric acid, complete blood count, and Beta -2-microglubulin were assessed in serum. Immunophenotyping for CD34 and CD38 detection was performed. Liver, kidney, and bone marrow were microscopically examined. Bcl-2 promoter methylation, and mRNA levels were examined. Although, both MNPs and MFCS depict amelioration in biochemical parameters, MFCS alleviated them toward normal control. Anticancer activity of MNPs and MFCS was approved especially for AML. Whenever, administration of MFCS was more effective than MNPs. The present work is one of few studies used MFCS as anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N H Shosha
- Ain Shams University, Faculty of women for Arts Scince and Education, Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Elmasry
- Ain Shams University, Faculty of women for Arts Scince and Education, Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Moawad
- Cairo University, National Cancer Institute, Pathology Department, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S H Ismail
- Cairo University, Egypt Nanotechnology Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - M Elsayed
- Ain Shams University, Faculty of women for Arts Scince and Education, Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Bagacean C, Iuga CA, Bordron A, Tempescul A, Pralea IE, Bernard D, Cornen M, Bergot T, Le Dantec C, Brooks W, Saad H, Ianotto JC, Pers JO, Zdrenghea M, Berthou C, Renaudineau Y. Identification of altered cell signaling pathways using proteomic profiling in stable and progressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:313-325. [PMID: 34288092 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4hi0620-392r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by significant biologic and clinical heterogeneity. This study was designed to explore CLL B-cells' proteomic profile in order to identify biologic processes affected at an early stage and during disease evolution as stable or progressive. Purified B cells from 11 untreated CLL patients were tested at two time points by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Patients included in the study evolved to either progressive (n = 6) or stable disease (n = 5). First, at an early stage of the disease (Binet stage A), based on the relative abundance levels of 389 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), samples were separated into stable and progressive clusters with the main differentiating factor being the RNA splicing pathway. Next, in order to test how the DEPs affect RNA splicing, a RNA-Seq study was conducted showing 4217 differentially spliced genes between the two clusters. Distinct longitudinal evolutions were observed with predominantly proteomic modifications in the stable CLL group and spliced genes in the progressive CLL group. Splicing events were shown to be six times more frequent in the progressive CLL group. The main aberrant biologic processes controlled by DEPs and spliced genes in the progressive group were cytoskeletal organization, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and mitochondrial and inositol phosphate metabolism with a downstream impact on CLL B-cell survival and migration. This study suggests that proteomic profiles at the early stage of CLL can discriminate progressive from stable disease and that RNA splicing dysregulation underlies CLL evolution, which opens new perspectives in terms of biomarkers and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bagacean
- Univ Brest, INSERM, UMR1227, B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, Brest, France.,Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Cristina Adela Iuga
- Department of Drug Analysis, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine-MedFUTURE, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anne Bordron
- Univ Brest, INSERM, UMR1227, B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, Brest, France
| | - Adrian Tempescul
- Univ Brest, INSERM, UMR1227, B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, Brest, France.,Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Ioana-Ecaterina Pralea
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine-MedFUTURE, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Melanie Cornen
- Univ Brest, INSERM, UMR1227, B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, Brest, France
| | | | | | - Wesley Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Hussam Saad
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | | | | | - Mihnea Zdrenghea
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Christian Berthou
- Univ Brest, INSERM, UMR1227, B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, Brest, France.,Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- Univ Brest, INSERM, UMR1227, B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, Brest, France.,Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
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15
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Alsagaby SA, Brewis IA, Vijayakumar R, Alhumaydhi FA, Alwashmi AS, Alharbi NK, Al Abdulmonem W, Premanathan M, Pratt G, Fegan C, Pepper C, Brennan P. Proteomics-based identification of cancer-associated proteins in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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16
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Hampel PJ, Parikh SA, Call TG. Incorporating molecular biomarkers into the continuum of care in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 62:1289-1301. [PMID: 33410372 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1869966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a mature B-cell malignancy characterized by marked heterogeneity. Discoveries in disease biology over the past two decades have helped explain clinical variability and heralded the arrival of the targeted therapy era. In this article, we review improvements in risk stratification which have coincided with this progress, including individual biomarkers and their incorporation into prognostic models. Amidst an ever-expanding list of biomarkers, we seek to bring focus to the essential tests to improve patient care and counseling at particular times in the disease course, beginning with prognosis at diagnosis. The majority of patients do not require treatment at the time of diagnosis, making time-to-first-treatment a key initial prognostic concern. Prognostic and predictive biomarkers are then considered at subsequent major junctures, including at the time of treatment initiation, while on therapy, and at the time of relapse on novel agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Hampel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sameer A Parikh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Timothy G Call
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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17
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Mohamad A, Hassan R, Husin A, Johan MF, Sulong S. Aberrant Methylation of Tumour Suppressor Gene ADAM12 in Chronic Lympocytic Leukemia Patients: Application of Methylation Specific-PCR Technique. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:85-91. [PMID: 33507683 PMCID: PMC8184192 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a common leukemia among Caucasians but rare in Asians population. We postulated that aberrant methylation either hypermethylation or partial methylation might be one of the silencing mechanisms that inactivates the tumour suppressor genes in CLL. This study aimed to compare the methylation status of tumour suppressor gene, ADAM12, among CLL patients and normal individuals. We also evaluated the association between methylation of ADAM12 and clinical and demographic characteristics of the participants. Methods: A total of 25 CLL patients and 25 normal individuals were recruited in this study. The methylation status of ADAM12 was determined using Methylation-Specific PCR (MSP); whereas, DNA sequencing method was applied for validation of the MSP results. Results: Among CLL patients, 12 (48%) were partially methylated and 13 (52%) were unmethylated. Meanwhile, 5 (20%) and 20 (80.6%) of healthy individuals were partially methylated and unmethylated, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between the status of methylation at ADAM12 and the presence of CLL (p=0.037). Conclusion: The aberrant methylation of ADAM12 found in this study using MSP assay may provide new exposure to CLL that may improve the gaps involved in genetic epigenetic study in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Mohamad
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rosline Hassan
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azlan Husin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Farid Johan
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sarina Sulong
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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18
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Chulián S, Martínez-Rubio Á, Pérez-García VM, Rosa M, Blázquez Goñi C, Rodríguez Gutiérrez JF, Hermosín-Ramos L, Molinos Quintana Á, Caballero-Velázquez T, Ramírez-Orellana M, Castillo Robleda A, Fernández-Martínez JL. High-Dimensional Analysis of Single-Cell Flow Cytometry Data Predicts Relapse in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010017. [PMID: 33374500 PMCID: PMC7793064 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia is one of the most common cancers in childhood, with 20% of patients eventually relapsing. Flow cytometry is routinely used for diagnosis and follow-up, but it currently does not provide prognostic value at diagnosis. The volume and the high-dimensional character of this data makes it ideal for its exploitation by means of Artificial Intelligence methods. We collected flow cytometry data from 56 patients from two hospitals. We analysed differences in intensity of marker expression in order to predict relapse at the moment of diagnosis. We finally correlated this data with biomolecular information, constructing a classifier based on CD38 expression. Abstract Artificial intelligence methods may help in unveiling information that is hidden in high-dimensional oncological data. Flow cytometry studies of haematological malignancies provide quantitative data with the potential to be used for the construction of response biomarkers. Many computational methods from the bioinformatics toolbox can be applied to these data, but they have not been exploited in their full potential in leukaemias, specifically for the case of childhood B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. In this paper, we analysed flow cytometry data that were obtained at diagnosis from 56 paediatric B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia patients from two local institutions. Our aim was to assess the prognostic potential of immunophenotypical marker expression intensity. We constructed classifiers that are based on the Fisher’s Ratio to quantify differences between patients with relapsing and non-relapsing disease. We also correlated this with genetic information. The main result that arises from the data was the association between subexpression of marker CD38 and the probability of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Chulián
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (S.C.); (Á.M.-R.); (M.R.)
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Álvaro Martínez-Rubio
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (S.C.); (Á.M.-R.); (M.R.)
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Víctor M. Pérez-García
- Department of Mathematics, Mathematical Oncology Laboratory (MOLAB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto de Matemática Aplicada a la Ciencia y la Ingeniería (IMACI), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- ETSI Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - María Rosa
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (S.C.); (Á.M.-R.); (M.R.)
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cristina Blázquez Goñi
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 11407 Hospital de Jerez Cádiz, Spain; (C.B.G.); (J.F.R.G.); (L.H.-R.)
| | | | - Lourdes Hermosín-Ramos
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 11407 Hospital de Jerez Cádiz, Spain; (C.B.G.); (J.F.R.G.); (L.H.-R.)
| | | | | | - Manuel Ramírez-Orellana
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.-O.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Ana Castillo Robleda
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.-O.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Juan Luis Fernández-Martínez
- Department of Mathematics, Group of Inverse Problems, Optimisation and Machine Learning, University of Oviedo, 33005 Oviedo, Spain;
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19
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Matveeva OV, Shabalina SA. Prospects for Using Expression Patterns of Paramyxovirus Receptors as Biomarkers for Oncolytic Virotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123659. [PMID: 33291506 PMCID: PMC7762160 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Some non-pathogenic viruses that do not cause serious illness in humans can efficiently target and kill cancer cells and may be considered candidates for cancer treatment with virotherapy. However, many cancer cells are protected from viruses. An important goal of personalized cancer treatment is to identify viruses that can kill a certain type of cancer cells. To this end, researchers investigate expression patterns of cell entry receptors, which viruses use to bind to and enter host cells. We summarized and analyzed the receptor expression patterns of two paramyxoviruses: The non-pathogenic measles and the Sendai viruses. The receptors for these viruses are different and can be proteins or lipids with attached carbohydrates. This review discusses the prospects for using these paramyxovirus receptors as biomarkers for successful personalized virotherapy for certain types of cancer. Abstract The effectiveness of oncolytic virotherapy in cancer treatment depends on several factors, including successful virus delivery to the tumor, ability of the virus to enter the target malignant cell, virus replication, and the release of progeny virions from infected cells. The multi-stage process is influenced by the efficiency with which the virus enters host cells via specific receptors. This review describes natural and artificial receptors for two oncolytic paramyxoviruses, nonpathogenic measles, and Sendai viruses. Cell entry receptors are proteins for measles virus (MV) and sialylated glycans (sialylated glycoproteins or glycolipids/gangliosides) for Sendai virus (SeV). Accumulated published data reviewed here show different levels of expression of cell surface receptors for both viruses in different malignancies. Patients whose tumor cells have low or no expression of receptors for a specific oncolytic virus cannot be successfully treated with the virus. Recent published studies have revealed that an expression signature for immune genes is another important factor that determines the vulnerability of tumor cells to viral infection. In the future, a combination of expression signatures of immune and receptor genes could be used to find a set of oncolytic viruses that are more effective for specific malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Matveeva
- Sendai Viralytics LLC, 23 Nylander Way, Acton, MA 01720, USA
- Correspondence: (O.V.M.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Svetlana A. Shabalina
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
- Correspondence: (O.V.M.); (S.A.S.)
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20
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A data-driven approach to build a predictive model of cancer patients' disease outcome by utilizing co-expression networks. Comput Biol Med 2020; 125:103971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Allard B, Allard D, Buisseret L, Stagg J. The adenosine pathway in immuno-oncology. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 17:611-629. [PMID: 32514148 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy based on immune-checkpoint inhibition or adoptive cell therapy has revolutionized cancer care. Nevertheless, a large proportion of patients do not benefit from such treatments. Over the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in the development of 'next-generation' therapeutics in immuno-oncology, with inhibitors of extracellular adenosine (eADO) signalling constituting an expanding class of agents. Induced by tissue hypoxia, inflammation, tissue repair and specific oncogenic pathways, the adenosinergic axis is a broadly immunosuppressive pathway that regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. Inhibition of eADO-generating enzymes and/or eADO receptors can promote antitumour immunity through multiple mechanisms, including enhancement of T cell and natural killer cell function, suppression of the pro-tumourigenic effects of myeloid cells and other immunoregulatory cells, and promotion of antigen presentation. With several clinical trials currently evaluating inhibitors of the eADO pathway in patients with cancer, we herein review the pathophysiological function of eADO with a focus on effects on antitumour immunity. We also discuss the treatment opportunities, potential limitations and biomarker-based strategies related to adenosine-targeted therapy in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Allard
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Allard
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurence Buisseret
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - John Stagg
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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22
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Bagheri M, Vosoughi T, Hosseinzadeh M, Saki N. Evaluation of immunophenotypic markers and clinico-hematological profile in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: implications for prognosis. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:412. [PMID: 32883360 PMCID: PMC7469386 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an adult leukemia presented with clonal accumulation of lymphocytes. Immunophenotypic changes can be effective in predicting clinical course, the survival of patients, and determining first-line treatment. This is a study of the association between immunophenotypic markers with complete blood cell count (CBC) values and clinical parameters. Results Peripheral blood samples were collected from 35 newly diagnosed CLL patients. The expression of immunophenotypic markers and CBC were evaluated. Platelet counts and hemoglobin concentration had a significant, inverse association with Rai staging, modified Rai staging, Binet staging systems (all p < 0.001 in both parameters), and splenomegaly (p = 0.001 and 0.007, respectively). The platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) had a significant, inverse association with Rai staging (p = 0.014), modified Rai staging (p = 0.024), Binet staging systems (p = 0.027), and splenomegaly (p = 0.033). However, CD38, CD25, and double-positive CD56/CD117 expression, group 3 of innate lymphocyte cells (ILC3s), had no significant association with clinical parameters. In regression analysis, that ILC3s has an inverse correlation with neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (r = −0.340, p = 0.046). Given that there is an inverse association between PLR and advanced clinical stages, it seems that PLR may have prognostic value in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziye Bagheri
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Tina Vosoughi
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehran Hosseinzadeh
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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23
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Karousi P, Adamopoulos PG, Papageorgiou SG, Pappa V, Scorilas A, Kontos CK. A novel, mitochondrial, internal tRNA-derived RNA fragment possesses clinical utility as a molecular prognostic biomarker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clin Biochem 2020; 85:20-26. [PMID: 32745483 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia among adults. The prognosis of CLL patients varies considerably. Transfer RNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs) constitute a class of small non-coding RNA fragments excised from mature tRNAs and pre-tRNAs located in nuclei as well as in mitochondria. In this study, the clinical utility of i-tRF-PheGAA, a novel mitochondrial tRF, was investigated in CLL. DESIGN AND METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 91 CLL patients and 43 non-leukemic controls. Total RNA was isolated from each sample, polyadenylated at the 3' end and reversely transcribed. An in-house developed real-time quantitative PCR assay was developed and applied, and the results were biostatistically analyzed. For the normalization of the i-tRF-PheGAA expression levels, the expression of a small nucleolar RNA (RNU48) was used as reference. RESULTS Mann-Whitney U test showed that i-tRF-PheGAA can distinguish between CLL samples and normal controls (p < 0.001). As determined by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, overexpression of i-tRF-PheGAA was related to poor overall survival of the CLL patients (p < 0.001). Univariate bootstrap Cox regression analysis exhibited a higher hazard ratio of 7.95 (95% CI = 2.37-26.72, p < 0.001) for patients with positive i-tRF-PheGAA expression status. Multivariate bootstrap Cox regression analysis showed that the prognostic value of this tRF is independent of clinical stage, mutational status of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IGHV) genetic locus, and CD38 expression status (p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that i-tRF-PheGAA can serve as a molecular biomarker of poor prognosis in CLL, alongside with the existing factors for CLL prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Karousi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens GR-15701, Greece
| | - Panagiotis G Adamopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens GR-15701, Greece
| | - Sotirios G Papageorgiou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Unit, University General Hospital "Attikon", 1 Rimini St., Haidari, GR 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Unit, University General Hospital "Attikon", 1 Rimini St., Haidari, GR 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens GR-15701, Greece
| | - Christos K Kontos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens GR-15701, Greece.
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24
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Kholodnyuk I, Rivkina A, Hippe L, Svirskis S, Kozireva S, Ventina I, Spaka I, Soloveichika M, Pavlova J, Murovska M, Lejniece S. Chemokine Receptors CCR1 and CCR2 on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Newly Diagnosed Patients with the CD38-Positive Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2312. [PMID: 32708233 PMCID: PMC7408836 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors direct migration and infiltration of immune cells. CCR1 and CCR2 maintain sequence similarity and respond to a number of the same chemokines secreted in lymphoid organs. Expression of CD38 on leukemic cells has been associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and is considered as the negative predictor of progression. In our study of newly diagnosed CLL patients, which included 39 CD38-positive and 22 CD38-negative patients, CCR1 and/or CCR2 were always detected, using flow cytometry, on the peripheral blood (PB) CD19+CD5+ lymphocytes in patients with >30% of the CD38+ CD19+CD5+ lymphocytes (n = 16). Spearman's rank correlation analysis determined correlations between the frequency of the CCR1- and CCR2-expressing PB CD19+CD5+ lymphocytes and the frequency of the CD38-positive CD19+CD5+ lymphocytes (rs = 0.50 and rs = 0.38, respectively). No significant correlations were observed between ZAP70 mRNA expression levels in PB mononuclear cells and the frequency of the circulating CCR1+ or CCR2+ CD19+CD5+ lymphocytes. Further association studies are needed to verify prognostic relevance of the CCR1/CCR2 expression on leukemic cells in CLL patients at diagnosis. We suggest that CCR1/CCR2 signaling pathways could represent attractive targets for development of CLL anti-progression therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kholodnyuk
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1067, Latvia; (L.H.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (I.V.); (I.S.); (J.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Alla Rivkina
- Department of Internal Diseases, Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1038, Latvia; (A.R.); (S.L.)
- Riga East University Hospital, Clinic of Chemotherapy and Hematology, Riga LV-1038, Latvia;
| | - Laura Hippe
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1067, Latvia; (L.H.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (I.V.); (I.S.); (J.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Simons Svirskis
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1067, Latvia; (L.H.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (I.V.); (I.S.); (J.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Svetlana Kozireva
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1067, Latvia; (L.H.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (I.V.); (I.S.); (J.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Ildze Ventina
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1067, Latvia; (L.H.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (I.V.); (I.S.); (J.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Irina Spaka
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1067, Latvia; (L.H.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (I.V.); (I.S.); (J.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Marina Soloveichika
- Riga East University Hospital, Clinic of Chemotherapy and Hematology, Riga LV-1038, Latvia;
| | - Jelena Pavlova
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1067, Latvia; (L.H.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (I.V.); (I.S.); (J.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Modra Murovska
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1067, Latvia; (L.H.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (I.V.); (I.S.); (J.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Sandra Lejniece
- Department of Internal Diseases, Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1038, Latvia; (A.R.); (S.L.)
- Riga East University Hospital, Clinic of Chemotherapy and Hematology, Riga LV-1038, Latvia;
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Lundh S, Maji S, Melenhorst JJ. Next-generation CAR T cells to overcome current drawbacks. Int J Hematol 2020; 114:532-543. [PMID: 32594314 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-020-02923-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As a rapidly emerging treatment in the oncology field, adoptive transfer of autologous, genetically modified chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has shown striking efficacy and is curative in certain relapsed/refractory patients with hematologic malignancy. This treatment modality of using a "living drug" offers many tantalizing and novel therapeutic strategies for cancer patients whose remaining treatment options may have otherwise been limited. Despite the early success of CAR T cells in hematologic malignancies, many barriers remain for widespread adoption. General barriers include cellular manufacturing limitations, baseline quality of the T cells, adverse events post-infusion such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity, and host rejection of non-human CARs. Additionally, each hematologic disease presents unique mechanisms of relapse which have to be addressed in future clinical trials if we are to augment the efficacy of CAR T treatment. In this review, we will describe current barriers to hindering efficacy of CAR T-cell treatment for hematologic malignancies in a disease-specific manner and review recent innovations aimed at enhancing the potency and applicability of CAR T cells, with the overall goal of building a framework to begin incorporating this form of therapy into the standard medical management of blood cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Lundh
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sayantan Maji
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Joseph Melenhorst
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, South Pavilion Expansion, Room 9-105, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Bldg. 421, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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26
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Cohen JA, Bomben R, Pozzo F, Tissino E, Härzschel A, Hartmann TN, Zucchetto A, Gattei V. An Updated Perspective on Current Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in the Context of Chemoimmunotherapy and Novel Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040894. [PMID: 32272636 PMCID: PMC7226446 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease with a variable clinical course. Novel biomarkers discovered over the past 20 years have revolutionized the way clinicians approach prognostication and treatment especially in the chemotherapy-free era. Herein, we review the best established prognostic and predictive biomarkers in the setting of chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) and novel targeted therapy. We propose that TP53 disruption (defined as either TP53 mutation or chromosome 17p deletion), unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene status (UM IGHV), NOTCH1 mutation, and CD49d expression are the strongest prognosticators of disease progression and overall survival in the field of novel biomarkers including recurrent gene mutations. We also highlight the predictive role of TP53 disruption, UM IGHV, and NOTCH1 mutation in the setting of CIT and TP53 disruption and CD49d expression in the setting of novel targeted therapy employing B-cell receptor (BCR) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) inhibition. Finally, we discuss future directions in the field of biomarker development to identify those with relapsed/refractory disease at risk for progression despite treatment with novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A. Cohen
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy (R.B.); (F.P.); (E.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Riccardo Bomben
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy (R.B.); (F.P.); (E.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Federico Pozzo
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy (R.B.); (F.P.); (E.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Erika Tissino
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy (R.B.); (F.P.); (E.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Andrea Härzschel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (A.H.); (T.N.H.)
| | - Tanja Nicole Hartmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (A.H.); (T.N.H.)
| | - Antonella Zucchetto
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy (R.B.); (F.P.); (E.T.); (V.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0434-659720; Fax: +39-0434-659409
| | - Valter Gattei
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy (R.B.); (F.P.); (E.T.); (V.G.)
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Calabretta E, Carlo-Stella C. The Many Facets of CD38 in Lymphoma: From Tumor-Microenvironment Cell Interactions to Acquired Resistance to Immunotherapy. Cells 2020; 9:E802. [PMID: 32225002 PMCID: PMC7226059 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD38 antigen is expressed in several hematological malignancies, and the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies Daratumumab and Isatuximab have an established role in the therapy of multiple myeloma. However, data on the therapeutic utility of CD38 targeting in other lymphoid malignancies are limited. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the prognostic significance of CD38 expression is well accepted, and preclinical studies on the use of Daratumumab in monotherapy or combination therapy have demonstrated considerable efficacy. In other lymphoproliferative disorders, preclinical and clinical data have not been as compelling; however, CD38 overexpression likely contributes to resistance to checkpoint inhibitors, prompting numerous clinical trials in Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma to investigate whether blocking CD38 enhances the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. Furthermore, due to its widespread expression in hematological tumors, CD38 represents an attractive target for cellular therapies such as CAR-T cells. The present review discusses current knowledge of CD38 expression and its implications in various lymphoid malignancies. Furthermore, it addresses current and future therapeutic perspectives, with a particular emphasis on the significance of CD38 interaction with immune cells of the tumor microenvironment. Lastly, results of ongoing studies using anti-CD38 antibodies will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Calabretta
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, 20089 Milano, Italy;
| | - Carmelo Carlo-Stella
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, 20089 Milano, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, 20089 Milano, Italy
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28
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Huang H, Wu HW, Hu YX. Current advances in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 21:29-41. [PMID: 31898440 PMCID: PMC6964993 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), considered an incurable hematological malignancy, is characterized by its clonal evolution of malignant plasma cells. Although the application of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and the introduction of novel agents such as immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and proteasome inhibitors (PIs) have doubled the median overall survival to eight years, relapsed and refractory diseases are still frequent events in the course of MM. To achieve a durable and deep remission, immunotherapy modalities have been developed for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Among these approaches, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is the most promising star, based on the results of previous success in B-cell neoplasms. In this immunotherapy, autologous T cells are engineered to express an artificial receptor which targets a tumor-associated antigen and initiates the T-cell killing procedure. Tisagenlecleucel and Axicabtagene, targeting the CD19 antigen, are the two pacesetters of CAR T-cell products. They were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2017 for the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Their development enabled unparalleled efficacy in combating hematopoietic neoplasms. In this review article, we summarize six promising candidate antigens in MM that can be targeted by CARs and discuss some noteworthy studies of the safety profile of current CAR T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Heng-wei Wu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong-xian Hu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Clinical Effect of CD25 on the Prognosis of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma with Secondary Central Nervous System Relapse. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1843-1850. [PMID: 31768966 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effects of immunophenotyping on prognosis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with central nervous system (CNS) relapse treated with rituximab-CHOP (R-CHOP). CNS relapse occurred in 9.5% of DLBCL patients. At the diagnosis of DLBCL, CD25 was detected in 14.3% of cases. CD25 positivity correlated with an advanced stage, higher R-IPI, higher CNS-IPI, the presence of B symptoms, the presence of extranodal involvement >1, and bone involvement. Moreover CNS relapse was more frequently observed in patients with CD25+ than in those with CD25-. The univariate analysis showed that an advanced stage, high-risk R-IPI, high-risk CNS-IPI, bone involvement, and CD25+ were associated with shorter overall survival (OS). The multivariate analysis confirmed that CD25+ and high-risk CNS-IPI were independent adverse prognostic factors for shorter OS. A Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed the potential of CD25+ as a prognostic factor in patients with CNS relapse and that it correlated with shorter survival. The present results showed that the expression of CD25 in DLBCL patients with CNS relapse was associated with the patient prognosis independent other prognostic factors. The establishment of a treatment strategy for CNS relapse patients with CD25+ DLBCL cells is needed to improve poor outcomes.
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30
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Vaisitti T, Arruga F, Guerra G, Deaglio S. Ectonucleotidases in Blood Malignancies: A Tale of Surface Markers and Therapeutic Targets. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2301. [PMID: 31636635 PMCID: PMC6788384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia develops as the result of intrinsic features of the transformed cell, such as gene mutations and derived oncogenic signaling, and extrinsic factors, such as a tumor-friendly, immunosuppressed microenvironment, predominantly in the lymph nodes and the bone marrow. There, high extracellular levels of nucleotides, mainly NAD+ and ATP, are catabolized by different ectonucleotidases, which can be divided in two families according to substrate specificity: on one side those that metabolize NAD+, including CD38, CD157, and CD203a; on the other, those that convert ATP, namely CD39 (and other ENTPDases) and CD73. They generate products that modulate intracellular calcium levels and that activate purinergic receptors. They can also converge on adenosine generation with profound effects, both on leukemic cells, enhancing chemoresistance and homing, and on non-malignant immune cells, polarizing them toward tolerance. This review will first provide an overview of ectonucleotidases expression within the immune system, in physiological and pathological conditions. We will then focus on different hematological malignancies, discussing their role as disease markers and possibly pathogenic agents. Lastly, we will describe current efforts aimed at therapeutic targeting of this family of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Arruga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Guerra
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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31
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Karousi P, Katsaraki K, Papageorgiou SG, Pappa V, Scorilas A, Kontos CK. Identification of a novel tRNA-derived RNA fragment exhibiting high prognostic potential in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Hematol Oncol 2019; 37:498-504. [PMID: 30945323 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Karousi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Katsaraki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios G Papageorgiou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Unit, University General Hospital "Attikon", Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Unit, University General Hospital "Attikon", Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos K Kontos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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32
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Vosoughi T, Bagheri M, Hosseinzadeh M, Ehsanpour A, Davari N, Saki N. CD markers variations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: New insights into prognosis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19420-19439. [PMID: 31049958 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is one of the most commonly occurring adult leukemias that is associated with clonal accumulation of mature apoptosis-resistant B-cells in bone marrow, peripheral blood, and specific tissues. Different pathogenesis factors can contribute to the aggression of the clinical course in this disease. Cytogenetic abnormalities and surface biomarkers of neoplastic CLL cells can be effective in the outcome of CLL, and the examination of changing CD markers expressions in the progression of CLL can be related to the prognosis of this disease. Changing expression levels of CD markers on lymphocytes and other cells in CLL patients can play a role in the aggressive clinical outcomes such as organomegaly, immunodeficiency, and advanced disease stages through their interaction with CLL microenvironment. Given the involvement of CD markers in the pathogenesis of CLL, it can be stated that recognizing the expression changes of CD markers in the cells involved in CLL can be a proper approach to evaluate prognosis among these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Vosoughi
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Marziye Bagheri
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehran Hosseinzadeh
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Ehsanpour
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nader Davari
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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33
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Boslett J, Reddy N, Alzarie YA, Zweier JL. Inhibition of CD38 with the Thiazoloquin(az)olin(on)e 78c Protects the Heart against Postischemic Injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 369:55-64. [PMID: 30635470 PMCID: PMC6413770 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.254557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of and genetic deletion of the NAD(P)+ hydrolase [NAD(P)ase] CD38 have been shown to protect against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat and mouse hearts. CD38 has been shown to enhance salvage of NADP(H), which in turn prevents impairment of endothelial nitric oxide synthase function, a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction. Despite growing evidence for a role of CD38 in postischemic injury, until recently there had been a lack of potent CD38 inhibitors. Recently, a new class of thiazoloquin(az)olin(on)e compounds were identified as highly potent and specific CD38 inhibitors. Herein, we investigate the ability of one of these compounds, 78c, to inhibit CD38 and protect the heart in an ex vivo model of myocardial I/R injury. The potency and mechanism of CD38 inhibition by 78c was assessed in vitro using recombinant CD38. The dose-dependent tissue uptake of 78c in isolated mouse hearts was determined, and high tissue permeability of 78c was observed when delivered in perfusate. Treatment of hearts with 78c was protective against both postischemic endothelial and cardiac myocyte injury, with preserved nitric oxide synthase-dependent vasodilatory and contractile function, respectively. Myocardial infarction was also significantly decreased in 78c-treated hearts, with preserved levels of high-energy phosphates. Protective effects peaked at 10 μM treatment, and similar protection without toxicity was seen at 5-fold higher doses. Overall, 78c was shown to be a potent and biologically active CD38 inhibitor with favorable tissue uptake and marked protective effects against I/R injury with enhanced preservation of contractile function, coronary flow, and decreased infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Boslett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nikhil Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yasmin A Alzarie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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34
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Lu J, Böttcher M, Walther T, Mougiakakos D, Zenz T, Huber W. Energy metabolism is co-determined by genetic variants in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and influences drug sensitivity. Haematologica 2019; 104:1830-1840. [PMID: 30792207 PMCID: PMC6717593 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.203067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells have an altered energy metabolism compared to normal B cells. While there is a growing understanding of the molecular heterogeneity of the disease, the extent of metabolic heterogeneity and its relation to molecular heterogeneity has not been systematically studied. Here, we assessed 11 bioenergetic features, primarily reflecting cell oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic activity, in leukemic cells from 140 chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients using metabolic flux analysis. We examined these bioenergetic features for relationships with molecular profiles (including genetic aberrations, transcriptome and methylome profiles) of the tumors, their ex vivo responses to a panel of 63 compounds, and with clinical data. We observed that leukemic cells with mutated immunoglobulin variable heavy-chain show significantly lower glycolytic activity than cells with unmutated immunoglobulin variable heavy-chain. Accordingly, several key glycolytic genes (PFKP, PGAM1 and PGK1) were found to be down-regulated in samples harboring mutated immunoglobulin variable heavy-chain. In addition, 8q24 copy number gains, 8p12 deletions, 13q14 deletions and ATM mutations were identified as determinants of cellular respiration. The metabolic state of leukemic cells was associated with drug sensitivity; in particular, higher glycolytic activity was linked to increased resistance towards several drugs including rotenone, navitoclax, and orlistat. In addition, we found glycolytic capacity and glycolytic reserve to be predictors of overall survival (P<0.05) independently of established genetic predictors. Taken together, our study shows that heterogeneity in the energy metabolism of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells is influenced by genetic variants and this could be therapeutically exploited in the selection of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Lu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Böttcher
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tatjana Walther
- Molecular Therapy in Hematology and Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Zenz
- Molecular Therapy in Hematology and Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany .,Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Huber
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
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Redondo-Muñoz J, García-Pardo A, Teixidó J. Molecular Players in Hematologic Tumor Cell Trafficking. Front Immunol 2019; 10:156. [PMID: 30787933 PMCID: PMC6372527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The trafficking of neoplastic cells represents a key process that contributes to progression of hematologic malignancies. Diapedesis of neoplastic cells across endothelium and perivascular cells is facilitated by adhesion molecules and chemokines, which act in concert to tightly regulate directional motility. Intravital microscopy provides spatio-temporal views of neoplastic cell trafficking, and is crucial for testing and developing therapies against hematologic cancers. Multiple myeloma (MM), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are hematologic malignancies characterized by continuous neoplastic cell trafficking during disease progression. A common feature of these neoplasias is the homing and infiltration of blood cancer cells into the bone marrow (BM), which favors growth and survival of the malignant cells. MM cells traffic between different BM niches and egress from BM at late disease stages. Besides the BM, CLL cells commonly home to lymph nodes (LNs) and spleen. Likewise, ALL cells also infiltrate extramedullary organs, such as the central nervous system, spleen, liver, and testicles. The α4β1 integrin and the chemokine receptor CXCR4 are key molecules for MM, ALL, and CLL cell trafficking into and out of the BM. In addition, the chemokine receptor CCR7 controls CLL cell homing to LNs, and CXCR4, CCR7, and CXCR3 contribute to ALL cell migration across endothelia and the blood brain barrier. Some of these receptors are used as diagnostic markers for relapse and survival in ALL patients, and their level of expression allows clinicians to choose the appropriate treatments. In CLL, elevated α4β1 expression is an established adverse prognostic marker, reinforcing its role in the disease expansion. Combining current chemotherapies with inhibitors of malignant cell trafficking could represent a useful therapy against these neoplasias. Moreover, immunotherapy using humanized antibodies, CAR-T cells, or immune check-point inhibitors together with agents targeting the migration of tumor cells could also restrict their survival. In this review, we provide a view of the molecular players that regulate the trafficking of neoplastic cells during development and progression of MM, CLL, and ALL, together with current therapies that target the malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Redondo-Muñoz
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ERL, Hospital 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Angeles García-Pardo
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin Teixidó
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is heterogeneous disease characterized by a variable clinical course that is greatly influenced by various patient and disease characteristics. Over the last two decades, advent of new diagnostic methodologies has led to the identification of several factors of prognostic and predictive relevance. Furthermore, recent advances in next-generation sequencing techniques has identified recurrent novel mutations in NOTCH1, SF3B1, BIRC3, and ATM genes whose role as prognostic and predictive markers is currently being investigated. These biologic markers carry new prognostic information and their incorporation into prognostic scoring systems will likely lead to refined multi-parameter risk models. RECENT FINDINGS While the prognostic impact of many of the most commonly used markers on clinical outcomes in patients treated with chemo-immunotherapy is well documented, it is important to review their predictive and prognostic role in the era of novel targeted therapies. This article will discuss the currently available information on the clinical relevance of prognostic markers in patients treated with novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajwal Boddu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 428, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alessandra Ferrajoli
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 428, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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37
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Abdelgader EA, Eltayeb NH, Eltahir TA, Altayeb OA, Fadul EA, Abdel Rahman EM, Merghani TH. Evaluation of CD38 expression in Sudanese patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:815. [PMID: 30442182 PMCID: PMC6238334 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the cluster of differentiation-38 (CD38) expression in Sudanese patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and to determine its association with clinical and laboratory characteristics of the disease. Results We conducted a cross-sectional study on 99 patients diagnosed with CLL in Khartoum Oncology Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan. Immunophenotyping and CD38 expression levels were measured with four-color flowcytometry. The results of physical examination and blood analyses were used for assigning a modified Rai clinical staging system. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science, version 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). According to our findings, the frequencies of 7%, 20%, and 30% cutoff levels of CD38 expressions were 68.7%, 41.4%, and 36.4% respectively. CD38 cutoff level of 7% showed a significant association with hemoglobin concentration (P = 0.04), whereas other cutoff levels showed insignificant results. All the three cutoff levels showed insignificant associations with the other clinical and laboratory variables. In conclusion, the CD38 expression at a cutoff level of 7% seems to be more valuable clinically than higher cutoff levels in Sudanese CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nada Hassan Eltayeb
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Osama Ali Altayeb
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory for Leukemia & Lymphoma Diagnosis, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Eman Abbass Fadul
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory for Leukemia & Lymphoma Diagnosis, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Tarig H Merghani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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38
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Strati P, Jain N, O'Brien S. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Diagnosis and Treatment. Mayo Clin Proc 2018; 93:651-664. [PMID: 29728204 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia has increased substantially over the past several years as a consequence of the advent of novel biological agents such as ibrutinib, idelalisib, and venetoclax, as well as increasingly potent anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. In addition, the identification of molecular predictive markers and the introduction of more sensitive and sophisticated techniques to assess minimal residual disease have allowed optimization of the use of chemoimmunotherapy and targeted therapies and may become standard of care in the future. This review summarizes the diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with emphasis on new prognostic and predictive factors and novel treatment strategies.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Strati
- Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Nitin Jain
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Susan O'Brien
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA.
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39
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iwCLL guidelines for diagnosis, indications for treatment, response assessment, and supportive management of CLL. Blood 2018. [PMID: 29540348 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-09-806398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 933] [Impact Index Per Article: 155.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The previous edition of the consensus guidelines of the International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (iwCLL), published in 2008, has found broad acceptance by physicians and investigators caring for patients with CLL. Recent advances including the discovery of the genomic landscape of the disease, the development of genetic tests with prognostic relevance, and the detection of minimal residual disease (MRD), coupled with the increased availability of novel targeted agents with impressive efficacy, prompted an international panel to provide updated evidence- and expert opinion-based recommendations. These recommendations include a revised version of the iwCLL response criteria, an update on the use of MRD status for clinical evaluation, and recommendations regarding the assessment and prophylaxis of viral diseases during management of CLL.
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40
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41
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The Clinical Spectrum of Hepatic Manifestations in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2017; 17:863-869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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42
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Mina A, Sandoval Sus J, Sleiman E, Pinilla-Ibarz J, Awan FT, Kharfan-Dabaja MA. Using prognostic models in CLL to personalize approach to clinical care: Are we there yet? Blood Rev 2017; 32:159-166. [PMID: 29122300 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Four decades ago, two staging systems were developed to help stratify CLL into different prognostic categories. These systems, the Rai and the Binet staging, depended entirely on abnormal exam findings and evidence of anemia and thrombocytopenia. Better understanding of biologic, genetic, and molecular characteristics of CLL have contributed to better appreciating its clinical heterogeneity. New prognostic models, the GCLLSG prognostic index and the CLL-IPI, emerged. They incorporate biologic and genetic information related to CLL and are capable of predicting survival outcomes and cases anticipated to need therapy earlier in the disease course. Accordingly, these newer models are helping develop better informed surveillance strategies and ultimately tailor treatment intensity according to presence (or lack thereof) of certain prognostic markers. This represents a step towards personalizing care of CLL patients. We anticipate that as more prognostic factors continue to be identified, the GCLLSG prognostic index and CLL-IPI models will undergo further revisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Mina
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Kansas University Medical Ctr, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Elsa Sleiman
- Faculty of Medicine, American Univ. of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Javier Pinilla-Ibarz
- Dept. of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Ctr, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Oncologic Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Ctr, Univ. of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Farrukh T Awan
- Div. of Hematology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State Univ. Comprehensive Cancer Ctr, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mohamed A Kharfan-Dabaja
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Ctr, Univ. of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA; Dept. of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffitt Cancer Ctr, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Anti-leukemic activity of microRNA-26a in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia mouse model. Oncogene 2017; 36:6617-6626. [PMID: 28783166 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The Eμ-TCL1 transgenic mouse develops a form of leukemia that is similar to the aggressive type of human B-CLL, and this valuable model has been widely used for testing novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we adopted this model to investigate the potential effects of miR-26a, miR-130an and antimiR-155 in CLL therapy. Improved delivery of miRNA molecules into CLL cells was obtained by developing a novel system based on lipid nanoparticles conjugated with an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody. This methodology has proven to be highly effective in delivering miRNA molecules into leukemic cells. Short- and long-term experiments showed that miR-26a, miR-130a and anti-miR-155 increased apoptosis after in vitro and in vivo treatment. Of this miRNA panel, miR-26a was the most effective in reducing leukemic cell expansion. Following long-term treatment, apoptosis was readily detectable by analyzing cleavage of PARP and caspase-7. These effects could be directly attributed to miR-26a, as confirmed by significant downregulation of its proven targets, namely cyclin-dependent kinase 6 and Mcl1. The results of this study are relevant to two distinct areas. The first is related to the design of a technical strategy and to the selection of CD38 as a molecular target on CLL cells, both consenting efficient and specific intracellular transfer of miRNA. The original scientific finding inferred from the above approach is that miR-26a can elicit in vivo anti-leukemic activities mediated by increased apoptosis.
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44
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Vargova K, Pesta M, Obrtlikova P, Dusilkova N, Minarik L, Vargova J, Berkova A, Zemanova Z, Michalova K, Spacek M, Trneny M, Stopka T. MiR-155/miR-150 network regulates progression through the disease phases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2017; 7:e585. [PMID: 28731457 PMCID: PMC5549255 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2017.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Vargova
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Pesta
- Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Obrtlikova
- First Internal Clinic, Department of Hematology, First Faculty of Medicine and General Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - N Dusilkova
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Minarik
- First Internal Clinic, Department of Hematology, First Faculty of Medicine and General Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Vargova
- Department Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Berkova
- Department of Cytogenetics, First Faculty of Medicine and General Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Z Zemanova
- Department of Cytogenetics, First Faculty of Medicine and General Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Michalova
- Department of Cytogenetics, First Faculty of Medicine and General Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Spacek
- First Internal Clinic, Department of Hematology, First Faculty of Medicine and General Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Trneny
- First Internal Clinic, Department of Hematology, First Faculty of Medicine and General Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Stopka
- First Internal Clinic, Department of Hematology, First Faculty of Medicine and General Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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45
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Robak T, Warzocha K, Govind Babu K, Kulyaba Y, Kuliczkowski K, Abdulkadyrov K, Loscertales J, Kryachok I, Kłoczko J, Rekhtman G, Homenda W, Błoński JZ, McKeown A, Chang CN, Bal V, Lisby S, Gupta IV, Grosicki S. Health-related quality of life and patient-reported outcomes of ofatumumab plus fludarabine and cyclophosphamide versus fludarabine and cyclophosphamide in the COMPLEMENT 2 trial of patients with relapsed CLL. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:1598-1606. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1253837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Robak
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Łódź, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Łódź, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Warzocha
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K. Govind Babu
- Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
- HCG Curie Centre of Oncology, Bangalore, India
| | - Yaroslav Kulyaba
- Makiivka City Hospital No. 2 of Donetsk Region, Makiivka, Ukraine
| | | | - Kudrat Abdulkadyrov
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | | | - Iryna Kryachok
- Oncohematology Department, National Cancer Institute, Kiev, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Wojciech Homenda
- Department of Hematology, Janusz Korczak Hospital, Słupsk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Z. Błoński
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Łódź, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Łódź, Poland
| | - Astrid McKeown
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chai-Ni Chang
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Vasudha Bal
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | - Ira V. Gupta
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Sebastian Grosicki
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Kontos CK, Adamopoulos PG, Papageorgiou SG, Pappa V, Scorilas A. mRNA overexpression of kallikrein-related peptidase 14 (KLK14) is an independent predictor of poor overall survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Clin Chem Lab Med 2016; 54:315-24. [PMID: 26351937 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2015-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue kallikrein and kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) compose a family of serine endopeptidases with much clinical interest in oncology, as their potential as diagnostic and/or prognostic molecular biomarkers in several human malignancies has already been evidenced. However, none of the members of this family has ever been studied in hematological malignancies. Based on our preliminary results regarding the differential mRNA expression of several KLK genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) compared to healthy blood donors, we decided to study the diagnostic and prognostic potential of KLK14 mRNA expression in CLL. METHODS Total RNA was isolated from 69 CLL patients and 31 non-leukemic blood donors. After reverse transcription of poly(A)-RNA, KLK14 mRNA levels were quantified using a sensitive and accurate quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) methodology. RESULTS According to ROC analysis, KLK14 mRNA overexpression successfully discriminated CLL patients from normal population (area under the curve [AUC] 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83-0.95, p<0.001). Moreover, although not clearly related to clinical staging or other prognostic factors including IGHV mutational status and CD38 expression, strong KLK14 mRNA expression was shown to predict reduced overall survival of CLL patients (p=0.026) using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The unfavorable prognostic value of KLK14 mRNA overexpression in CLL patients' PBMCs was independent of established prognostic factors of the disease, as shown by multivariate Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio [HR] 14.65, 95% CI 1.81-118.36, p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS KLK14 mRNA expression merits further investigation as a potential prognostic biomarker of overall survival of patients with CLL.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Area Under Curve
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Complementarity Determining Regions/genetics
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Kallikreins/genetics
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Prognosis
- Proportional Hazards Models
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- ROC Curve
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Castañeda DM, Salgado DM, Narváez CF. B cells naturally induced during dengue virus infection release soluble CD27, the plasma level of which is associated with severe forms of pediatric dengue. Virology 2016; 497:136-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Bras AE, Beishuizen A, Langerak AW, Jongen-Lavrencic M, Te Marvelde JG, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Zwaan CM, van Dongen JJM, van der Velden VHJ. CD38 expression in paediatric leukaemia and lymphoma: implications for antibody targeted therapy. Br J Haematol 2016; 180:292-296. [PMID: 27604396 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Bras
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Auke Beishuizen
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton W Langerak
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mojca Jongen-Lavrencic
- Department of Haematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen G Te Marvelde
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marry M van den Heuvel-Eibrink
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Michel Zwaan
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques J M van Dongen
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent H J van der Velden
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Cozzolino I, Rocco M, Villani G, Picardi M. Lymph Node Fine-Needle Cytology of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Diagnosis and Classification by Flow Cytometry. Acta Cytol 2016; 60:302-314. [PMID: 27554776 DOI: 10.1159/000448389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, lymph node fine-needle cytology (FNC), coupled with flow cytometry (FC), has gained a role in the diagnosis and classification of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The combination of FNC/FC allows the diagnosis and classification of NHL in lymph node samples with a high sensitivity and specificity by combining cytological features and specific phenotypic profiles. The present review provides a brief technical description of FC and a detailed analysis of the current markers and their combinations (diagnostic algorithm) for the diagnosis and classification of NHL. The basic principles of clonality assessment, as well as the diagnostic strengths and weaknesses of the procedure, are reported. The current diagnostic algorithms for NHL classification are critically reviewed with a focus on specific problems related to single entities. Moreover, this review provides a detailed analysis of the different clinical contexts in which FNC/FC is performed and related implications. Future and further applications of FNC/FC for NHL are also discussed.
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Alsagaby SA, Brennan P, Pepper C. Key Molecular Drivers of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2016; 16:593-606. [PMID: 27601002 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an adult neoplastic disease of B cells characterized by variable clinical outcomes. Although some patients have an aggressive form of the disease and often encounter treatment failure and short survival, others have more stable disease with long-term survival and little or no need for theraphy. In the past decade, significant advances have been made in our understanding of the molecular drivers that affect the natural pathology of CLL. The present review describes what is known about these key molecules in the context of their role in tumor pathogenicity, prognosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman A Alsagaby
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Science, Majmaah University, Al-Zuli, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - Paul Brennan
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Pepper
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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