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Tutija JF, Freitas MG, Martinez EV, Silva JFG, Araripe MBM, Leal CRB, Souza Filho AF, Ramos CAN. High frequency of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from cattle in the Cerrado and Pantanal biomes of Brazil. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106704. [PMID: 38761893 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials has led to the emergence of resistant bacteria, especially pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, which are associated with diseases in animals and humans. The aim of the present study was to characterize E. coli isolates in calves with regards to the presence of virulence genes and investigate the resistance of the isolates to different antimicrobials. Between 2021 and 2023, 456 fecal samples were collected from calves in the Pantanal and Cerrado biomes of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. All samples were subjected to microbiological analysis and disc diffusion antibiogram testing. The polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect virulence genes. Bacterial growth was found in 451 of the 456 samples and biochemically identified as Escherichia coli. All 451 isolates (100 %) exhibited some phenotypic resistance to antimicrobials and 67.62 % exhibited multidrug resistance. The frequency of multidrug-resistant isolates in the Cerrado biome was significantly higher than that in the Pantanal biome (p = 0.0001). In the Cerrado, the most common pathotype was Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) (28 %), followed by toxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) (11 %), enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) (8 %) and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) (2 %). In most cases, the concomitant occurrence of pathotypes was more common, the most frequent of which were ETEC + STEC (33 %), ETEC + EHEC (15 %) and ETEC + EPEC (3 %). The STEC pathotype (30 %) was also found more frequently in the Pantanal, followed by EHEC (12 %), ETEC (9 %) and EPEC (6 %). The STEC pathotype had a significantly higher frequency of multidrug resistance (p = 0.0486) compared to the other pathotypes identified. The frequency of resistance was lower in strains from the Pantanal biome compared to those from the Cerrado biome. Although some factors are discussed in this paper, it is necessary to clarify the reasons for this difference and the possible impacts of these findings on both animal and human health in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Tutija
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.
| | - M G Freitas
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.
| | - E V Martinez
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.
| | - J F G Silva
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.
| | - M B M Araripe
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.
| | - C R B Leal
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.
| | - A F Souza Filho
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.
| | - C A N Ramos
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.
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Naderi Z, Ghanbarpour R, Jajarmi M, Dehdashti S, Bagheri M, Eskandarzade N, Mohseni P, Alizade H. Antibiotic resistance profiling and phylotyping of human-diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes detected from diarrheic and non-diarrheic calves in Iran. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:494. [PMID: 38581525 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09494-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli (E. coli) serves as a common indicator of gut microbiota and is utilized for monitoring antimicrobial resistance determinants in food-producing animals. This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial resistance patterns in virulence gene-positive E. coli isolates obtained from 340 healthy and diarrheic calves. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 340 fecal swab samples were obtained from diarrheic (n = 170) and healthy (n = 170) calves for 12 months from different farms in Kerman, Iran. The samples were phenotypically analyzed to detect E. coli isolates and antibiotic resistance. Also, antimicrobial resistance genes, diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes, and phylogenetic background were screened by PCR. Fifteen percent (51/340) of E. coli isolates were positive for at least one of the examined virulence genes (VGs); the prevalence of VGs in E. coli isolates from healthy calves (36/170; 21.17%) was higher than that in diarrheic cases (15/170; 8.82%). Out of the 51 VG-positive isolates, six pathotypes including Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC; 27.45%), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC; 23.52%), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC; 19.6%), necrotoxigenic E. coli (NTEC; 19.6%), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC; 15.68%), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC; 1.96%) and three hybrid pathotypes including ETEC/STEC, ETEC/EHEC, and STEC/EIEC were detected among the strains. Antimicrobial resistance (AR) was observed in 98.03% of the VG-positive isolates, which was the same for both healthy and diarrheic calves. The maximum prevalence rate of AR was found against trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (49.01%; 3/51), while the minimum prevalence rate was against gentamycin (5.88%; 25/51). Among the VG-positives, phylotype A was found to be the most prevalent followed by B1 and D phylotypes. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of VG-positive E. coli isolates was higher in healthy calves compared to diarrheic cases. AR was widespread among VG-positive isolates. These findings suggest that calves may serve as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant hybrid pathotypes of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahede Naderi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Ghanbarpour
- Molecular Microbiology Research Group, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Maziar Jajarmi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dehdashti
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahboube Bagheri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Bardsir Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Neda Eskandarzade
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Parvin Mohseni
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hesam Alizade
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Sripradite J, Thaotumpitak V, Atwill ER, Hinthong W, Jeamsripong S. Distribution of bacteria and antimicrobial resistance in retail Nile tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) as potential sources of foodborne illness. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299987. [PMID: 38564611 PMCID: PMC10986973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate AMR profiles of Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio cholerae isolated from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) (n = 276) purchased from fresh markets and supermarkets in Bangkok, Thailand. A sample of tilapia was divided into three parts: fish intestine (n = 276), fish meat (n = 276), and liver and kidney (n = 276). The occurrence of A. hydrophila, Salmonella, and V. cholerae was 3.1%, 7.4%, and 8.5%, respectively. A high prevalence of these pathogenic bacteria was observed in fresh market tilapia compared to those from supermarkets (p < 0.05). The predominant Salmonella serovars were Paratyphi B (6.4%), followed by Escanaba (5.7%), and Saintpaul (5.7%). All isolates tested positive for the virulence genes of A. hydrophila (aero and hly), Salmonella (invA), and V. cholerae (hlyA). A. hydrophila (65.4%), Salmonella (31.2%), and V. cholerae (2.9%) showed multidrug resistant isolates. All A. hydrophila isolates (n = 26) exhibited resistant to ampicillin (100.0%) and florfenicol (100.0%), and often carried sul1 (53.8%) and tetA (50.0%). Salmonella isolates were primarily resistant to ampicillin (36.9%), with a high incidence of blaTEM (26.2%) and qnrS (25.5%). For V. cholerae isolates, resistance was observed against ampicillin (48.6%), and they commonly carried qnrS (24.3%) and tetA (22.9%). To identify mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs), a single C248A point mutation of C248A (Ser-83-Tyr) in the gyrA region was identified in six out of seven isolates of Salmonella isolates. This study highlighted the presence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic bacteria in Nile tilapia at a selling point. It is important to rigorously implement strategies for AMR control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarukorn Sripradite
- Department of Social and Applied Science, College of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varangkana Thaotumpitak
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Edward R. Atwill
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Woranich Hinthong
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saharuetai Jeamsripong
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Ortiz Y, Cerino B, Moreno M, Yañez E, Heredia N, Dávila-Aviña J, Quezada T, Calle A, García S. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli with Multidrug Resistance in Cattle from Mexico. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100257. [PMID: 38423360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Mexico is an important producer/exporter of cattle and cattle products. In the last decade, an increase in antibiotic resistance in E. coli pathotype strains from livestock environments has been reported. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of E. coli pathotype strains from the feces of beef or dairy cattle reared in the states of Aguascalientes (AG, central) and Nuevo Leon (NL, northeastern) in Mexico. One hundred and ten fecal samples were collected (beef cattle-AG = 30; dairy cattle-AG = 20; beef cattle-NL = 30; dairy cattle-NL = 30). From these, E. coli was isolated using selective/differential media and confirmed on chromogenic media. Multiplex PCR was used to identify diarrheagenic E. coli, and the Kirby-Bauer technique was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities. All the animals harbored E. coli, and pathotypes were found in 34 animals from both, beef and dairy cattle, mainly from Aguascalientes. Of the positive samples, 31 harbored a single E. coli pathotype, whereas three samples harbored two different pathotypes; EHEC was the most prevalent, followed by EPEC, ETEC, and EIEC or the combination of two of them in some samples. Most pathotype strains (19/37) were isolated from beef cattle. Neither the animals' productive purpose (beef or dairy cattle) (r = 0.155) nor the geographic regions (Aguascalientes or Nuevo Leon) (r = -0.066) had a strong positive correlation with the number of E. coli pathotype strains. However, animals reared in Aguascalientes had up to 8.5-fold higher risk of harboring E. coli pathotype strains than those reared in Nuevo Leon. All pathotype strains were resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and all dairy cattle pathotype strains were further resistant to five β-lactams (χ2, P = 0.017). The existence of these pathotypes and multidrug-resistant pathogens in the food chain is a risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaraymi Ortiz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México 66455, Mexico
| | - Brenda Cerino
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México 66455, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Moreno
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México 66455, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Yañez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México 66455, Mexico
| | - Norma Heredia
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México 66455, Mexico
| | - Jorge Dávila-Aviña
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México 66455, Mexico
| | - Teódulo Quezada
- Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, México 20100, Mexico
| | | | - Santos García
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México 66455, Mexico.
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Saechue B, Atwill ER, Jeamsripong S. Occurrence and molecular characteristics of antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolated from the retail produce commodities in Bangkok, Thailand. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26811. [PMID: 38444485 PMCID: PMC10912461 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment is often overlooked and leads to serious health threats under the One Health paradigm. Infection with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria in humans and animals has been widely examined, with the mode of transmission routes such as food, water, and contact with a contaminated environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence and molecular characteristics of resistant Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) (n = 59) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) (n = 392) isolated from produce commodities collected from fresh markets and supermarkets in Bangkok, Thailand. In this study, the S. enterica isolates exhibited the highest prevalence of resistance to tetracycline (11.9%) and streptomycin (8.5%), while the E. coli isolates were predominantly resistant to tetracycline (22.5%), ampicillin (21.4%), and sulfamethoxazole (11.5%). Among isolates of S. enterica (6.8%) and E. coli (15.3%) were determined as multidrug resistant (MDR). The prevalence of ESBL-producing isolates was 5.1% and 1.0% in S. enterica and E. coli, respectively. A minority of S. enterica isolates, where a single isolate exclusively carried blaCTX-M-55 (n = 1), and another isolate harbored both blaCTX-M-55 and blaTEM-1 (n = 1); similarly, a minority of E. coli isolates contained blaCTX-M-55 (n = 2) and blaCTX-M-15 (n = 1). QnrS (11.9%) and blaTEM (20.2%) were the most common resistant genes found in S. enterica and E. coli, respectively. Nine isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin contained point mutations in gyrA and parC. In addition, the odds of resistance to tetracycline among isolates of S. enterica were positively associated with the co-occurrence of ampicillin resistance and the presence of tetB (P = 0.001), while the E. coli isolates were positively associated with ampicillin resistance, streptomycin resistance, and the presence of tetA (P < 0.0001) in this study. In summary, these findings demonstrate that fresh vegetables and fruits, such as cucumbers and tomatoes, can serve as an important source of foodborne AMR S. enterica and E. coli in the greater Bangkok area, especially given the popularity of these fresh commodities in Thai cuisine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjawan Saechue
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Edward R. Atwill
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Saharuetai Jeamsripong
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Thakur S, Kumar R, Asrani RK, Thakur M, Patel SK, Patil RD, Obaidullah AJ, Emran TB. Hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effect of Artemisia nilagirica leaf extract on E. coli challenged broiler chicken. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25709. [PMID: 38390080 PMCID: PMC10881339 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Artemisia nilagirica is an important medicinal plant found to exhibit several medicinal properties but the use of its leaves for combating E. coli infection has not been scientifically validated in poultry. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of methanol leaf extract of A. nilagirica (ANE) on E. coli challenged broiler chickens. Three hundred and thirty, day-old broiler chickens, were divided into 6 groups of 55 each, with group EX infected intraperitoneally (I/P) with LD50 dose of 1 × 107 cfu/ml of E. coli; group(s) EA1, EA2 and EA3 infected I/P with 1 × 107 cfu/ml of E. coli and supplemented with ANE @ 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/L of drinking water, respectively; group AX were only given ANE @ 2.0 g/L in the drinking water. ANE treatment was started from day 4 and was continuously given in the drinking water up to day 21. E. coli infection was given to the birds on day 7 of their age. The effect of the plant extract was evaluated on the basis of gross, microscopic and ultrastructural alterations in E. coli challenged broiler chickens. The extract of A. nilagirica was found to show antibacterial, cardioprotective and hepatoprotective properties in a dose-dependent manner on the basis of gross and microscopic examination. The methanol extract of A. nilagirica leaves revealed no toxic effect on the hepatocytes on ultrastructural evaluation. This study demonstrates the antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective activities of ANE in broiler chickens infected with E. coli organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Thakur
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSKHPKV, Palampur, 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSKHPKV, Palampur, 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - R K Asrani
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSKHPKV, Palampur, 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Meenakshi Thakur
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, 177001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Rewa, 486001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendra Damu Patil
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSKHPKV, Palampur, 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ahmad J Obaidullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
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Yeda R, Makalliwa G, Apondi E, Sati B, Riziki L, Ouma C, Anguko E, Opot B, Okoth R, Koech EJ, Ochieng B, Gachohi J, Kikuvi G. Comparative prevalence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli between children below five years with close contact to food animals in Kisumu County, Kenya. Pan Afr Med J 2024; 47:25. [PMID: 38558553 PMCID: PMC10979810 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2024.47.25.41197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction diarrheal infections in young children below five years and food animals are caused by diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains. The study focused on understanding the association between DEC pathotypes in children below five years and food animals to establish the possibility of zoonotic transmission. Methods samples from 150 children who presented with diarrhea at the Kisumu County Hospital and 100 stool samples from food animals were collected and processed using culture methods. Molecular identification of the pathotypes was assayed using a primer-specific polymerase chain reaction that targeted the six virulence genes related to the diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes. Results one hundred and fifty-six study subjects (100 children samples and 56 food animals) samples were positive for E. coli polymerase chain reaction detection revealed a prevalence of (23%) among children below five years and a prevalence of (20%) among the food animals. Children samples showed Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, having high phenotypic frequency of (12%) followed by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, (5.3%) and Enteropathogenic Escherichia (3.3%) the least being mixed infections Enteroaggregative/Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Enteroaggregative/Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli with (1.3%) respectively. The food animals found in children homesteads were detected to harbor pathogenic strains of E. coli. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli was the most prevalent pathotypes detected in cattle (13%) followed by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli detected in goats at (4%) and poultry at (3%). Conclusion presence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in food animals could serve as reservoirs of transmitting these bacteria to children below five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redemptah Yeda
- Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control, Jomo Kenya University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George Makalliwa
- Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control, Jomo Kenya University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Evans Apondi
- Department of Microbiology, Kenya Medical Research Institute Centre of Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Ben Sati
- Department of Microbiology, Kenya Medical Research Institute Centre of Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Laura Riziki
- Department of Microbiology, Kenya Medical Research Institute Centre of Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Carolyne Ouma
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Systems Program, Center for Disease Control, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Elekiah Anguko
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Systems Program, Center for Disease Control, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Benjamin Opot
- Department of Malaria and Drug Resistance Laboratory, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa/Kenya (USAMRD-A/K), Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Raphael Okoth
- Department of Malaria and Drug Resistance Laboratory, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa/Kenya (USAMRD-A/K), Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Emmily Jepkemboi Koech
- Department of Microbiology, Kenya Medical Research Institute Centre of Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Ben Ochieng
- Department of Microbiology, Kenya Medical Research Institute Centre of Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - John Gachohi
- Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control, Jomo Kenya University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Washington State University Global Health Program, Washington State University, P. O. Box 72938, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
- Paul G, Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman WA99164, USA
| | - Gideon Kikuvi
- Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control, Jomo Kenya University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
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Ha EJ, Hong SM, Kim SJ, Ahn SM, Kim HW, Choi KS, Kwon HJ. Tracing the Evolutionary Pathways of Serogroup O78 Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1714. [PMID: 38136748 PMCID: PMC10740950 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) causes severe economic losses in the poultry industry, and O78 serogroup APEC strains are prevalent in chickens. In this study, we aimed to understand the evolutionary pathways and relationships between O78 APEC and other E. coli strains. To trace these evolutionary pathways, we classified 3101 E. coli strains into 306 subgenotypes according to the numbers and types of single nucleotide polymorphisms (RST0 to RST63-1) relative to the consensus sequence (RST0) of the RNA polymerase beta subunit gene and performed network analysis. The E. coli strains showed four apparently different evolutionary pathways (I-1, I-2, I-3, and II). The thirty-two Korean O78 APEC strains tested in this study were classified into RST4-4 (45.2%), RST3-1 (32.3%), RST21-1 (12.9%), RST4-5 (3.2%), RST5-1 (3.2%), and RST12-6 (3.2%), and all RSTs except RST21-1 (I-2) may have evolved through the same evolutionary pathway (I-1). A comparative genomic study revealed the highest relatedness between O78 strains of the same RST in terms of genome sequence coverage/identity and the spacer sequences of CRISPRs. The early-appearing RST3-1 and RST4-4 prevalence among O78 APEC strains may reflect the early settlement of O78 E. coli in chickens, after which these bacteria accumulated virulence and antibiotic resistance genes to become APEC strains. The zoonotic risk of the conventional O78 APEC strains is low at present, but the appearance of genetically distinct and multiple virulence gene-bearing RST21-1 O78 APEC strains may alert us to a need to evaluate their virulence in chickens as well as their zoonotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Ha
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.H.); (S.-M.H.); (S.-J.K.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.A.); (H.-W.K.)
| | - Seung-Min Hong
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.H.); (S.-M.H.); (S.-J.K.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.A.); (H.-W.K.)
| | - Seung-Ji Kim
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.H.); (S.-M.H.); (S.-J.K.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.A.); (H.-W.K.)
| | - Sun-Min Ahn
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.A.); (H.-W.K.)
| | - Ho-Won Kim
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.A.); (H.-W.K.)
| | - Kang-Seuk Choi
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.H.); (S.-M.H.); (S.-J.K.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.A.); (H.-W.K.)
| | - Hyuk-Joon Kwon
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.A.); (H.-W.K.)
- Laboratory of Poultry Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea
- Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center (FACTRC), GBST, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
- GeNiner Inc., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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9
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Thaotumpitak V, Sripradite J, Atwill ER, Jeamsripong S. Emergence of colistin resistance and characterization of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors of Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio cholerae isolated from hybrid red tilapia cage culture. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14896. [PMID: 36855429 PMCID: PMC9968459 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tilapia is a primary aquaculture fish in Thailand, but little is known about the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio cholerae colonizing healthy tilapia intended for human consumption and the co-occurrence of these AMR bacteria in the cultivation water. Methods This study determined the phenotype and genotype of AMR, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production, and virulence factors of A. hydrophila, Salmonella spp., and V. cholerae isolated from hybrid red tilapia and cultivation water in Thailand. Standard culture methods such as USFDA's BAM or ISO procedures were used for the original isolation, with all isolates confirmed by biochemical tests, serotyping, and species-specific gene detection based on PCR. Results A total of 278 isolates consisting of 15 A. hydrophila, 188 Salmonella spp., and 75 V. cholerae isolates were retrieved from a previous study. All isolates of A. hydrophila and Salmonella isolates were resistance to at least one antimicrobial, with 26.7% and 72.3% of the isolates being multidrug resistant (MDR), respectively. All A. hydrophila isolates were resistant to ampicillin (100%), followed by oxytetracycline (26.7%), tetracycline (26.7%), trimethoprim (26.7%), and oxolinic acid (20.0%). The predominant resistance genes in A. hydrophila were mcr-3 (20.0%), followed by 13.3% of isolates having floR, qnrS, sul1, sul2, and dfrA1. Salmonella isolates also exhibited a high prevalence of resistance to ampicillin (79.3%), oxolinic acid (75.5%), oxytetracycline (71.8%), chloramphenicol (62.8%), and florfenicol (55.3%). The most common resistance genes in these Salmonella isolates were qnrS (65.4%), tetA (64.9%), bla TEM (63.8%), and floR (55.9%). All V. cholerae isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, while the most common resistance gene was sul1 (12.0%). One isolate of A. hydrophila was positive for int1, while all isolates of Salmonella and V. cholerae isolates were negative for integrons and int SXT. None of the bacterial isolates in this study were producing ESBL. The occurrence of mcr-3 (20.0%) in these isolates from tilapia aquaculture may signify a serious occupational and consumer health risk given that colistin is a last resort antimicrobial for treatment of Gram-negative bacteria infections. Conclusions Findings from this study on AMR bacteria in hybrid red tilapia suggest that aquaculture as practiced in Thailand can select for ubiquitous AMR pathogens, mobile genetic elements, and an emerging reservoir of mcr and colistin-resistant bacteria. Resistant and pathogenic bacteria, such as resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline, or MDR Salmonella circulating in aquaculture, together highlight the public health concerns and foodborne risks of zoonotic pathogens in humans from cultured freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varangkana Thaotumpitak
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jarukorn Sripradite
- Department of Social and Applied Science, College of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Edward R. Atwill
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, United States of America
| | - Saharuetai Jeamsripong
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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10
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Jeamsripong S, Kuldee M, Thaotumpitak V, Chuanchuen R. Antimicrobial resistance, Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase production and virulence genes in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolates from estuarine environment. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283359. [PMID: 37115770 PMCID: PMC10146452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on global public health has been widely documented. AMR in the environment poses a serious threat to both human and animal health but is frequently overlooked. This study aimed to characterize the association between phenotype and genotype of AMR, virulence genes and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) production from estuarine environment. The Salmonella (n = 126) and E. coli (n = 409) were isolated from oysters and estuarine water in Thailand. The isolates of Salmonella (96.9%) and E. coli (91.4%) showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was 40.1% of Salmonella and 23.0% of E. coli. Resistance to sulfamethoxazole was most common in Salmonella (95.2%) and E. coli (77.8%). The common resistance genes found in Salmonella were sul3 (14.3%), followed by blaTEM (11.9%), and cmlA (11.9%), while most E. coli were blaTEM (31.5%) and tetA (25.4%). The ESBL production was detected in Salmonella (1.6%, n = 2) of which one isolate was positive to blaTEM-1. Eight E. coli isolates (2.0%) were ESBL producers, of which three isolates carried blaCTX-M-55 and one isolate was blaTEM-1. Predominant virulence genes identified in Salmonella were invA (77.0%), stn (77.0%), and fimA (69.0%), while those in E. coli isolates were stx1 (17.8%), lt (11.7%), and stx2 (1.2%). Logistic regression models showed the statistical association between resistance phenotype, virulence genes and ESBL production (p < 0.05). The findings highlighted that estuarine environment were potential hotspots of resistance. One Health should be implemented to prevent AMR bacteria spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saharuetai Jeamsripong
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mullika Kuldee
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varangkana Thaotumpitak
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungtip Chuanchuen
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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11
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Jeamsripong S, Thaotumpitak V, Anuntawirun S, Roongrojmongkhon N, Atwill ER, Hinthong W. Molecular Epidemiology of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Profiles of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio spp. Isolated from Coastal Seawater for Aquaculture. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121688. [PMID: 36551345 PMCID: PMC9774326 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of waterborne antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in areas of high-density oyster cultivation is an ongoing environmental and public health threat given the popularity of shellfish consumption, water-related human recreation throughout coastal Thailand, and the geographical expansion of Thailand's shellfish industry. This study characterized the association of phenotypic and genotypic AMR, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production, and virulence genes isolated from waterborne Escherichia coli (E. coli) (n = 84), Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) subsp. enterica (n = 12), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) (n = 249), and Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) (n = 39) from Thailand's coastal aquaculture regions. All Salmonella (100.0%) and half of V. cholerae (51.3%) isolates harbored their unique virulence gene, invA and ompW, respectively. The majority of isolates of V. parahaemolyticus and E. coli, ~25% of S. enterica subsp. enterica, and ~12% of V. cholerae, exhibited phenotypic AMR to multiple antimicrobials, with 8.9% of all coastal water isolates exhibiting multidrug resistance (MDR). Taken together, we recommend that coastal water quality surveillance programs include monitoring for bacterial AMR for food safety and recreational water exposure to water for Thailand's coastal water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saharuetai Jeamsripong
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +662-218-9579
| | - Varangkana Thaotumpitak
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Saran Anuntawirun
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nawaphorn Roongrojmongkhon
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Edward R. Atwill
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Woranich Hinthong
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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12
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Enciso-Martínez Y, González-Aguilar GA, Martínez-Téllez MA, González-Pérez CJ, Valencia-Rivera DE, Barrios-Villa E, Ayala-Zavala JF. Relevance of tracking the diversity of Escherichia coli pathotypes to reinforce food safety. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 374:109736. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Sandwich-Based Immunosensor for Dual-Mode Detection of Pathogenic F17-Positive Escherichia coli Strains. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116028. [PMID: 35682707 PMCID: PMC9181454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial diseases cause tremendous economic losses due to high morbidity and mortality in livestock animals. F17A protein, the major subunit of F17 fimbriae, is one of the most prevalent and crucial virulence factors among the pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from diarrheic and septicemic animals of various species. Purification and detection of this protein is regarded as an interesting field of investigation due to its important role as a therapeutic target, such as vaccines, and as a diagnostic tool. In this context, polyclonal rabbit antibodies recognizing F17A protein (anti−F17A antibody) were developed and used for its detection. In fact, sandwich biosensor using anti−F17A/gold nanoparticles conjugates as capture probe and anti−F17A antibody labelled with horseradish peroxidase as signal amplification probe was developed for electrochemical and fluorescent detection of purified F17A protein and live F17–positive E. coli bacteria. Good specificity and sensitivity for detection of F17–positive E. coli strains were obtained. The dynamic range for the biosensor varies from 1 × 102 to 1 × 109 CFU·mL−1 (R2 = 0.998) and the detection limit (LOD) and the IC50 value were estimated to be 37 CFU·mL−1 and 75 CFU·mL−1, respectively.
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14
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Islam MS, Sobur MA, Rahman S, Ballah FM, Ievy S, Siddique MP, Rahman M, Kafi MA, Rahman MT. Detection of bla TEM, bla CTX-M, bla CMY, and bla SHV Genes Among Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Migratory Birds Travelling to Bangladesh. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:942-950. [PMID: 34312710 PMCID: PMC8313370 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01803-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli cause severe health hazards. Migratory birds are reservoirs and transmitters of many pathogens including ESBL-producing E. coli. To examine migratory birds as potential carriers of ESBL-producing E. coli and E. coli-carrying antibiotic resistance genes, 55 PCR-positive E. coli isolates were screened using the disk diffusion method, double-disk synergy test, and further polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Genes encoding resistance to tetracycline [tetA, 100% (35/35); tetB, 31.43% (11/35)], fluoroquinolone [qnrA, 35.71% (10/28); qnrB, 25% (7/28)], and streptomycin [aadA1, 90.24% (37/41)] were detected in the isolated E. coli. Of the 55 E. coli isolates, 21 (38.18%) were ESBL producers, and all of them were multidrug resistant. All the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates harbored at least two or more beta-lactamase genes, of which blaTEM, blaCMY, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV were detected in 95.24%, 90.48%, 85.71%, and 42.86% of isolates, respectively. All the beta-lactamase genes were present in four of the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. Furthermore, 95.24% of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were positive for one or more antibiotic resistance genes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to detect E. coli-carrying antibiotic resistance genes including beta-lactamase blaCMY and blaSHV originating from migratory birds in Bangladesh. These results suggest that migratory birds are potential carriers of ESBL-producing E. coli along with other clinically important antibiotic resistance genes which may have detrimental impacts on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdus Sobur
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Saifur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Fatimah Mohammed Ballah
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Samina Ievy
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbubul Pratik Siddique
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Marzia Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Kafi
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
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15
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Prieto A, López-Novo C, Díaz P, Díaz-Cao JM, López-Lorenzo G, Antón C, Remesar S, García-Dios D, López C, Panadero R, Díez-Baños P, Morrondo P, Fernández G. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli from Diarrhoeic Neonatal Calves in Spain. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030264. [PMID: 35158588 PMCID: PMC8833634 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neonatal calf diarrhoea, a worldwide concern for cattle production, can be caused by viral, bacterial and protozoan enteropathogens: the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the most important. The use of antimicrobials for treating neonatal calf diarrhoea cases is still a common practice among veterinary surgeons, although its use is only justified in bacterial infections evolving towards a systemic disease. Since the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials for treating diarrhoeic calves increases the risk for the appearance of antimicrobial resistances, restrictions on the use of antimicrobials in veterinary practice were implemented. The aim of this study was to characterize the antimicrobial susceptibility of ETEC strains obtained from diarrhoeic calves. Our results are alarming since all ETEC strains were resistant to three or more families of antimicrobials; in addition, a high number of strains were resistant to most first-line antimicrobials used in veterinary practice. Only ceftiofur, cefoperazone, cefquinome and gentamicin presented efficacy against most ETEC strains. Thus, empirical treatment of calf scours caused by ETEC is usually ineffective. Our results reveal that performing antimicrobial susceptibility tests in each NCD outbreak is needed for establishing an effective treatment and avoiding the emergence of new resistance mechanisms. Abstract Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the major pathogens involved in neonatal calf diarrhoea (NCD) causing high economic losses in dairy farms. Antibiotic treatment is common in cases of systemic illness caused by NCD, but antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST) are usually not performed. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the antimicrobial susceptibility of ETEC strains obtained from calves with diarrhoea between 2018–2020. Faecal samples (n = 420) were analyzed to detect the typical ETEC virulence factors F5 and STa. Positive samples were cultured to identify and isolate ETEC strains (n = 41) and ASTs were performed. Our results are alarming since ETEC strains resistant to three or more families of antimicrobials were detected in all isolates. Only four antibiotics (ceftiofur, cefoperazone, cefquinome and gentamicin) presented efficacy against more than 90% of the ETEC strains, while the other ten antibiotics were effective against less than 40% of the strains. In addition, a high number of strains were resistant to most first-line antimicrobials used in veterinary practice. For this reason, when ETEC infection is suspected, an AST must always be performed to select the most appropriate antimicrobial in each case and to avoid the emergence of new resistance mechanisms.
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Delling C, Daugschies A. Literature Review: Coinfection in Young Ruminant Livestock- Cryptosporidium spp. and Its Companions. Pathogens 2022; 11:103. [PMID: 35056051 PMCID: PMC8777864 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum is one of the major causative pathogens of diarrhoea in young ruminants; therefore, it causes economic losses and impairs animal welfare. Besides C. parvum, there are many other non-infectious and infectious factors, such as rotavirus, Escherichia coli, and Giardia duodenalis, which may lead to diarrhoeic disease in young livestock. Often, more than one infectious agent is detected in affected animals. Little is known about the interactions bet-ween simultaneously occurring pathogens and their potential effects on the course of disease. In this review, a brief overview about pathogens associated with diarrhoea in young ruminants is presented. Furthermore, information about coinfections involving Cryptosporidium is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Delling
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 35, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
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17
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Adhesion of enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic and commensal Escherichia coli to the Major Zymogen Granule Membrane Glycoprotein 2. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0227921. [PMID: 35020452 PMCID: PMC8904060 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02279-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria, such as enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), cause diarrhea in mammals. In particular, E. coli colonizes and infects the gastrointestinal tract via type 1 fimbriae (T1F). Here, the major zymogen granule membrane glycoprotein 2 (GP2) acts as a host cell receptor. GP2 is also secreted by the pancreas and various mucous glands, interacting with luminal type 1 fimbriae-positive E. coli. It is unknown whether GP2 isoforms demonstrate specific E. coli pathotype binding. In this study, we investigated interactions of human, porcine, and bovine EPEC and ETEC, as well as commensal E. coli isolates with human, porcine, and bovine GP2. We first defined pathotype- and host-associated FimH variants. Second, we could prove that GP2 isoforms bound to FimH variants to various degrees. However, the GP2-FimH interactions did not seem to be influenced by the host specificity of E. coli. In contrast, soluble GP2 affected ETEC infection and phagocytosis rates of macrophages. Preincubation of the ETEC pathotype with GP2 reduced the infection of cell lines. Furthermore, preincubation of E. coli with GP2 improved the phagocytosis rate of macrophages. Our findings suggest that GP2 plays a role in the defense against E. coli infection and in the corresponding host immune response. IMPORTANCE Infection by pathogenic bacteria, such as certain Escherichia coli pathotypes, results in diarrhea in mammals. Pathogens, including zoonotic agents, can infect different hosts or show host specificity. There are Escherichia coli strains which are frequently transmitted between humans and animals, whereas other Escherichia coli strains tend to colonize only one host. This host specificity is still not fully understood. We show that glycoprotein 2 is a selective receptor for particular Escherichia coli strains or variants of the adhesin FimH but not a selector for a species-specific Escherichia coli group. We demonstrate that GP2 is involved in the regulation of colonization and infection and thus represents a molecule of interest for the prevention or treatment of disease.
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18
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An overview on mastitis-associated Escherichia coli: Pathogenicity, host immunity and the use of alternative therapies. Microbiol Res 2021; 256:126960. [PMID: 35021119 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the leading causes of bovine mastitis; it can cause sub-clinical, and clinical mastitis characterized by systemic changes, abnormal appearance of milk, and udder inflammation. E. coli pathogenicity in the bovine udder is due to the interaction between its virulence factors and the host factors; it was also linked to the presence of a new pathotype termed mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC). However, the presence of this pathotype is commonly debated. Its main virulence factor is the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is responsible for causing an endotoxic shock, and inducing a strong immune response by binding to the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and stimulating the expression of chemokines (such as IL-8, and RANTES) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-6, and IL-1β). This strong immune response could be used to develop alternative and safe approaches to control E. coli causing bovine mastitis by targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines that can damage the host tissue. The need for alternative treatments against E. coli is due to its ability to resist many conventional antibiotics, which is a huge challenge for curing ill animals. Therefore, the aim of this review was to highlight the pathogenicity of E. coli in the mammary gland, discuss the presence of the new putative pathotype, the mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) pathotype, study the host's immune response, and the alternative treatments that are used against mastitis-associated E. coli.
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19
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Shafique L, Wu S, Aqib AI, Ali MM, Ijaz M, Naseer MA, Sarwar Z, Ahmed R, Saleem A, Qudratullah, Ahmad AS, Pan H, Liu Q. Evidence-Based Tracking of MDR E. coli from Bovine Endometritis and Its Elimination by Effective Novel Therapeutics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:997. [PMID: 34439047 PMCID: PMC8388920 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have become the predominant etiology of endometritis and thus require effective treatment approaches. We used ultrasonography coupled with clinical signs and presented complaints of reproductive issues to investigate the epidemiology, phylogenetic analysis, antimicrobial resistance, and development of novel therapeutics against Escherichia coli isolated from endometritis in bovine (n = 304 from 10 commercial dairy farms). The prevalence of bovine endometritis in this study was 43.75%, while among these, 72.18% samples were positive for E. coli. Nucleotide analysis performed through BLAST and MEGAX showed 98% similarity to the nucleotide sequence of the reference E. coli strain (accession number CP067311.1). The disk diffusion assay revealed pathogen resistance to most antibiotics. Pattern of MIC order of resistance was as follows: enrofloxacin < gentamicin < co-amoxiclav < streptomycin < amoxicillin < metronidazole < oxytetracycline. Field trials revealed the highest recovery rate (in terms of clearance of endometritis and establishment of pregnancy) in case of gentamicin + enrofloxacin (100%) and gentamicin alone (100%), followed by co-amoxiclav + gentamicin (84.61%), oxytetracycline alone (78.57%), and metronidazole + enrofloxacin (33.33%). Hence, the current study reported a higher prevalence of multidrug-resistant E. coli showing considerable similarity with reference strain, and finally, the effective response of novel antibiotics to treat cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiba Shafique
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (L.S.); (S.W.); (H.P.)
| | - Siwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (L.S.); (S.W.); (H.P.)
| | - Amjad Islam Aqib
- Department of Medicine, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Muddassir Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Misbah Ijaz
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.I.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Muhammad Aamir Naseer
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.I.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Zaeem Sarwar
- Department of Theriogenology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Rais Ahmed
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Arslan Saleem
- Department of Geography, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Qudratullah
- Department of Surgery, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Abdullah Saghir Ahmad
- Department of Parasitology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Hongping Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (L.S.); (S.W.); (H.P.)
| | - Qingyou Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (L.S.); (S.W.); (H.P.)
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Meshref AME, Eldesoukey IE, Alouffi AS, Alrashedi SA, Osman SA, Ahmed AM. Molecular Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance among Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Diarrhoeic Calves in Egypt. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061712. [PMID: 34201226 PMCID: PMC8230277 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bacterial antimicrobial resistance is a serious global health challenge. This study investigated the occurrence of major antimicrobial resistance genes, including integrons, ß-lactamases, and florfenicol in Enterobacteriaceae that were isolated from diarrhoeic calves in Egypt. From 120 calves, 149 isolates of bacteria were recovered, identified, and screened phenotypically against 12 antimicrobials, and molecularly for the presence of the resistance determinants of integrons, ß-lactamases and florfenicol. The findings revealed that 24.8% of the isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. Escherichia coli was found to be the most prevalent multidrug resistant species. Class 1 integrons, blaTEM, and floR genes were detected at incidence rates of 18.8%, 24.8%, and 1.3%, respectively, whereas class 2 integrons and blaCTX-M were not detected in any isolates. The higher incidence of the antimicrobial resistance genes indicate the importance of regular monitoring of the antibiotic susceptibilities of isolated bacteria to minimise the risk of human exposure to pathogens that are resistant to antimicrobials. Abstract The present study was designed to investigate the presence of genes that conferred resistance to antimicrobials among Enterobacteriaceae that were isolated from diarrhoeic calves. A total of 120 faecal samples were collected from diarrhoeic calves that were raised in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, Egypt. The samples were screened for Enterobacteriaceae. A total of 149 isolates of bacteria were recovered and identified; Escherichia coli was found to be the most overwhelming species, followed by Citrobacter diversus, Shigella spp., Serratia spp., Providencia spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus spp., Klebsiella oxytoca, and Morganella morganii. All isolates were tested for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials; resistant and intermediately resistant strains were screened by conventional polymerase chain reaction for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes. Of the 149 isolates, 37 (24.8%) exhibited multidrug resistant phenotypes. The most prevalent multidrug resistant species were E. coli, C. diversus, Serratia spp., K. pneumoniae, Shigella spp., Providencia spp., and K. oxytoca. Class 1 integrons were detected in 28 (18.8%) isolates. All isolates were negative for class 2 integrons. The blaTEM gene was identified in 37 (24.8%) isolates, whereas no isolates carried the blaCTX-M gene. The florfenicol gene (floR) was detected in two bacterial isolates (1.3%). The findings of this study reveal that calves may act as potential reservoirs of multidrug resistant bacteria that can be easily transmitted to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Moamen E. Meshref
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; (A.-M.E.M.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Ibrahim E. Eldesoukey
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; (A.-M.E.M.); (A.M.A.)
- Correspondence: (I.E.E.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Abdulaziz S. Alouffi
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (I.E.E.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Saleh A. Alrashedi
- Central Laboratory at Al Watania Poultry Company, Riyadh 51441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Salama A. Osman
- Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Ashraf M. Ahmed
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; (A.-M.E.M.); (A.M.A.)
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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Escherichia Coli Isolates from Diarrheic Dogs in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. MACEDONIAN VETERINARY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/macvetrev-2020-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Diarrhea caused by multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an important and common problem in companion animals, especially dogs. Moreover, these dogs may serve as a reservoir of pathogenic strains of E. coli that may cause enteric and extra-intestinal infections in humans and other animals. This study was conducted to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of E. coli isolates from diarrheic dogs in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria. In fecal samples of 200 dogs with diarrhea, 147 E. coli strains (73.5%) were isolated and characterized by the standard bacteriological techniques (culture, biochemical tests, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing). Out of the 147 positive isolates, 45, 50, and 52 were from Elkanemi Park, Magaram, and Sabon gari wards respectively. The isolates show 100% resistance to chloramphenicol, cefuroxime, and ceftriaxone, 96.6% to amoxicillin, and 95.9% to gentamicin, while all (100%) were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. All the isolates showed multiple antimicrobial resistance. The result of the current study showed that dogs in Maiduguri are important reservoirs of multidrug-resistant E. coli. Therefore, it is important to adopt and apply guidelines for the correct use of antimicrobials in small animal practice to reduce the emergence of multidrug resistance among E. coli in companion animals.
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Boriollo MFG, Moreira BS, Oliveira MC, Santos TO, Rufino LRA, Oliveira NMS. Incidence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in diarrheic calves and its susceptibility profile to antimicrobials and Eugenia uniflora L. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2021; 85:18-26. [PMID: 33390649 PMCID: PMC7747658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of Shiga toxin (stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in diarrheic newborn calves, as well as the resistance profile of this microorganism against antimicrobials routinely used in veterinary therapy. The antimicrobial profile of Eugenia uniflora against E. coli clinical isolates was also analyzed. Specimens from the recto-anal junction mucosa were investigated by using chromogenic medium and identification of E. coli was done using microbiological methods (Gram staining, indole test, methyl red test, Voges-Proskauer test, citrate test, urease test, and hydrogen sulfide test). The stx1 and stx2 genes corresponding to the STEC pathotype were evaluated by using polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis. The susceptibility profile to antimicrobial agents commonly used in veterinary therapeutic practice and the antimicrobial effect of lyophilized hydroalcoholic extract of E. uniflora L. leaves against E. coli clinical isolates were evaluated by disk diffusion and microdilution methods. Shiga toxin-positive E. coli was identified in 45% of diarrheic newborn calves (stx1 = 23.2%, stx2 = 4.0%, stx1 + stx2 = 18.2%). The frequency of stx-positive E. coli in the bacterial population was equal to 17.0% (168/990 clinical isolates): 97 (9.8%) stx1-positive E. coli, 12 (1.2%) stx2-positive E. coli, and 59 (6.0%) stx1 + stx2-positive E. coli isolates. All stx-positive E. coli analyzed showed resistance to multiple drugs, that is, from 4 to 10 antimicrobials per clinical isolate (streptomycin, tetracycline, cephalothin, ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin and nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol). Effective management measures should be implemented, including clinical and laboratory monitoring, in order to promote animal and worker health and welfare, prevent and control the spread of diseases, and ensure effective treatment of infectious diseases. The E. uniflora L. leaves showed inhibition of microbial growth based on the diameter of halos, ranging from 7.9 to 8.0 mm and 9.9 to 10.1 mm for concentrations of 50 and 150 mg/mL, respectively. This plant displayed bacteriostatic action and a minimum inhibitory concentration of 12.5 mg/mL for all clinical isolates. Its clinical or synergistic effects with antimicrobial agents must be determined from clinical and preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo F G Boriollo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil (Boriollo, M. Oliveira, Santos); Center for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Animal Science, Pathology and Animal Pharmacology Area, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37132-440, Brazil (Boriollo, Moreira, Rufino, N. Oliveira)
| | - Bianca S Moreira
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil (Boriollo, M. Oliveira, Santos); Center for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Animal Science, Pathology and Animal Pharmacology Area, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37132-440, Brazil (Boriollo, Moreira, Rufino, N. Oliveira)
| | - Mateus C Oliveira
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil (Boriollo, M. Oliveira, Santos); Center for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Animal Science, Pathology and Animal Pharmacology Area, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37132-440, Brazil (Boriollo, Moreira, Rufino, N. Oliveira)
| | - Taiane O Santos
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil (Boriollo, M. Oliveira, Santos); Center for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Animal Science, Pathology and Animal Pharmacology Area, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37132-440, Brazil (Boriollo, Moreira, Rufino, N. Oliveira)
| | - Luciana R A Rufino
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil (Boriollo, M. Oliveira, Santos); Center for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Animal Science, Pathology and Animal Pharmacology Area, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37132-440, Brazil (Boriollo, Moreira, Rufino, N. Oliveira)
| | - Nelma M S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil (Boriollo, M. Oliveira, Santos); Center for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Animal Science, Pathology and Animal Pharmacology Area, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37132-440, Brazil (Boriollo, Moreira, Rufino, N. Oliveira)
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Algammal AM, Hetta HF, Batiha GE, Hozzein WN, El Kazzaz WM, Hashem HR, Tawfik AM, El-Tarabili RM. Virulence-determinants and antibiotic-resistance genes of MDR-E. coli isolated from secondary infections following FMD-outbreak in cattle. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19779. [PMID: 33188216 PMCID: PMC7666185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, multidrug-resistance traits, PCR-detection of virulence, and antibiotic-resistance genes of E. coli isolated from secondary infections following FMD-outbreak in cattle. A total of 160 random samples were gathered from private dairy farms in Damietta Province, Egypt. The specimens were subjected to bacteriological examination, serotyping, congo-red binding assay, antibiogram-testing, and PCR-monitoring of virulence-determinant genes (tsh, phoA, hly, eaeA, sta, and lt) as well as the antibiotic-resistance genes (blaTEM, blaKPC, and blaCTX). The prevalence of E. coli was 30% (n = 48) distributed in 8 serogroups (40/48, 83.3%), while 8 isolates (8/48, 16.6%) were untypable. Besides, 83.3% of the examined isolates were positive for CR-binding. The tested strains harbored the virulence genes phoA, hly, tsh, eaeA, sta, and lt with a prevalence of 100% and 50%, 45.8%, 25%, 8.4%, and 6.2%, respectively. Furthermore, 50% of the recovered strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR) to penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems, and are harboring the blaTEM, blaCTX, and blaKPC genes. Moreover, 25% of the examined strains are resistant to penicillins, and cephalosporins, and are harboring the blaTEM and blaCTX genes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the E. coli secondary bacterial infections following the FMD-outbreak. The emergence of MDR strains is considered a public health threat and indicates complicated treatment and bad prognosis of infections caused by such strains. Colistin sulfate and levofloxacin have a promising in vitro activity against MDR-E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelazeem M Algammal
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, 71515, Egypt.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0595, USA
| | - Gaber E Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Wael N Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Waleed M El Kazzaz
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Hany R Hashem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Ayat M Tawfik
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Port-Said University, Port-Said, 42526, Egypt
| | - Reham M El-Tarabili
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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Safarpoor Dehkordi F, Tavakoli-Far B, Jafariaskari S, Momtaz H, Esmaeilzadeh S, Ranjbar R, Rabiei M. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in the high vaginal swab samples of fertile and infertile women: virulence factors, O-serogroups, and phenotyping and genotyping characterization of antibiotic resistance. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 38:100824. [PMID: 33364031 PMCID: PMC7750135 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission of urinary tract infections into the reproductive system is unavoidable. The present research was performed to assess the distribution of virulence genes, O-serogroups and antibiotic resistance properties of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains isolated from the high vaginal swab samples of fertile and infertile women. A total of 460 high vaginal swab samples were taken from fertile and infertile women. Distribution of virulence factors and serogroups and antibiotic resistance properties of the E. coli isolates were assessed. Sixty-five out of 460 (14.13%) swab samples were positive for E. coli. Prevalences of E. coli in samples taken from fertile and infertile women were 13.63% and 14.58%, respectively. O1 (7.69%), O2 (6.15%) and O6 (6.15%) were the most frequently detected serogroups. The most frequently detected virulence genes were sfa (72.72%), afa (72.72%), cnf1 (72.72%) and fim (72.72%). The most commonly detected antibiotic-resistance genes were tetA (95.45%), CITM (88.63%), aac(3)-IV (86.36%) and sul1 (72.72%). UPEC strains harboured the highest prevalence of resistance against tetracycline (88.63%), ampicillin (79.54%), gentamicin (77.27%) and enrofloxacin (52.27%). Seventeen out of 26 (65.38%) UPEC strains isolated from infertile women were resistant toward more than ten antibiotic agents. Infertile women with a history of urinary tract infections had the higher prevalence of UPEC strains and also the other characters. High prevalence of the virulent and resistant UPEC strains in the high vaginal part of the infertile women with a history of urinary tract infections may show an important role of these pathogens as causes of female infertility. However, further research is required to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B. Tavakoli-Far
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Centre, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - S. Jafariaskari
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - H. Momtaz
- Faculty Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - S. Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - R. Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Centre, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Rabiei
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Anwar MA, Aqib AI, Ashfaq K, Deeba F, Khan MK, Khan SR, Muzammil I, Shoaib M, Naseer MA, Riaz T, Tanveer Q, Sadiq M, Lodhi FL, Ashraf F. Antimicrobial resistance modulation of MDR E. coli by antibiotic coated ZnO nanoparticles. Microb Pathog 2020; 148:104450. [PMID: 32853679 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated three types of total six preparations against multidrug resistant E. coli i) three antibiotic coated ZnO nanoparticles (gentamicin coated nanoparticle-GNp; chloramphenicol coated nanoparticles-CNp; and both gentamicin & chloramphenicol coated nanoparticle-GCNp), ii) ZnO nanoparticle alone-Np, and iii) two antibiotics used in single (Gentamicin-G; and Chloramphenicol-C). A total of n = 200 sub-clinically positive mastitic milk samples of bovine origin were processed for isolation of MDR E. coli using microbiological and clinical laboratory & standard institute's protocols. ZnO Nps were prepared from zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn (CH3COO)2. 2H2O), polyethylene glycol (C2nH4n+2On+1), and urea (CH₄N₂O) by standard chemical protocol. Nps were characterized by XRD and STEM analyses while coating of antibiotics on Nps was confirmed by UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis. Analysis of variance and student t-test were applied at 5% probability using SPSS version 22 statistical software for inferences on obtained data. There was significantly (p < 0.05) lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and highest zone of inhibitions (ZOIs) in case of GCNp (10.42 ± 4.51 μg/mL & 22.00 ± 1.00 mm) followed by GNp (20.79 ± 8.95 μg/mL & 20.00 ± 1.00 mm) and then CNp (25.96 ± 8.95 μg/mL & 12.33 ± 0.57 mm). Percentage increase in ZOI were expressed as 135.8, 78.43, and 312.76% by GCNp when compared with that of G, C, and Np, respectively. GNp and CNp coated preparations exhibited 114.36 and 275.73% increase in ZOI than to that of G and C, respectively. Similar trend was found in percentage reduction of MICs of preparations. Highest filamentation, indicator of bacterial damage, of E. coli was noted at MIC of GCNp followed by GNp and CNp. The study concluded antibiotic coated ZnO nanoparticles significant candidates modulating antibiotic resistance in MDR E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahsan Anwar
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Islam Aqib
- Department of Medicine, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Khurram Ashfaq
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Farrah Deeba
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kasib Khan
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shanza Rauf Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Muzammil
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir Naseer
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Tanzeel Riaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Qaisar Tanveer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Masood Sadiq
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fizzah Laeeq Lodhi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fozia Ashraf
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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Molecular characterization of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic and in-contact cattle and buffalo calves. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:3173-3185. [PMID: 32647966 PMCID: PMC7347405 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli field isolates from calves were characterized and categorized into the most significant diarrheagenic pathotypes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays with different specific primers. The used PCR systems were designed to detect sequences representing the group-specific virulence genes encoding fimbriae f5 (K99), Shiga toxins (stx1 and stx2), heat-stable enterotoxins (st), heat-labile enterotoxins (lt), intimin (eae), hemolysin (hylA), and EAEC heat-stable enterotoxin (astA). In the present work, a total of 150 E. coli field isolates were recovered from 150 fecal swabs collected from 100 diarrheic and 50 apparently healthy in-contact cattle and buffalo calves under 3 months old. Out of these 150 isolated E. coli, 106 isolates from 77 diarrheic and 29 in-contact calves harbored one or more of the investigated virulence genes. The pathotyping of the isolates could classify them into shigatoxigenic E. coli (STEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) with a 30.7, 2.7, 12.7, and 7.3% distribution, respectively. Meanwhile, the detection rates of f5, stx1, stx2, st, lt, eae, hylA, and astA genes were 17.3, 27.3, 6.7, 10, 37.3, 17.7, 9.3, and 20.7%, respectively. These virulence genes were found either single or in different combinations, such as stx/eae, stx/st/f5, eae/st/f5, or st/lt/f5. Four attaching-effacing shigatoxigenic E. coli isolates (AE-STEC) harboring stx/eae were retrieved from diarrheic calves. Although none of the stx-or eae-positive isolates was verified as O157:H7, STEC isolates detected in apparently healthy calves have potential pathogenicity to humans highlighting their zoonotic importance as reservoirs. Atypical combinations of ETEC/STEC and ETEC/EPEC were also detected in percentages of 14.7 and 2.7%, respectively. Most of these atypical combinations were found more in buffalo calves than in cattle calves. While STEC and EPEC isolates were detected more in cattle calves than in buffalo calves, ETEC isolates were the same in the two species. The pathogenic E. coli infection in calves was recorded to be higher in the first weeks of life with the largest numbers of virulence factor-positive isolates detected at the age of 4 weeks. Histopathological examination of five intestinal samples collected from four dead buffalo calves revealed typical attaching and effacing (AE) lesion which was correlated with the presence of intimin encoding virulence gene (eae). Other lesions characterized by hemorrhagic enteritis, shortening and fusion of intestinal villi and desquamation of the lining epithelium of intestinal mucosa had also been detected.
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Genes Encoding the Virulence and the Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterotoxigenic and Shiga-Toxigenic E. coli Isolated from Diarrheic Calves. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12060383. [PMID: 32532070 PMCID: PMC7354582 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calf diarrhea is one of the considerable infectious diseases in calves, which results in tremendous economic losses globally. To determine the prevalence of Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC) and Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) incriminated in calf diarrhea, with special reference to Shiga- toxins genes (stx1 and stx2) and enterotoxins genes (lt and sta) that govern their pathogenesis, as well as the virulence genes; eaeA (intimin) and f41(fimbrial adhesion), and the screening of their antibiogram and antimicrobial resistance genes; aadB, sul1, and bla-TEM, a total of 274 fecal samples were collected (April 2018–Feb 2019) from diarrheic calves at different farms in El-Sharqia Governorate, Egypt. The bacteriological examination revealed that the prevalence of E. coli in diarrheic calves was 28.8%. The serotyping of the isolated E. coli revealed 7 serogroups; O26, O128, O111, O125, O45, O119 and O91. Furthermore, the Congo red binding test was carried out, where 89.8% of the examined strains (n = 71) were positive. The antibiogram of the isolated strains was investigated; the majority of E. coli serotypes exhibit multidrug resistance (MDR) to four antimicrobial agents; neomycin, gentamycin, streptomycin, and amikacin. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the prevalence of the virulence genes; stx1, stx2 lt, sta, f41 and eaeA, as well as the antimicrobial resistance genes; aadB, sul1, and bla-TEM. The prevalence of STEC was 20.2% (n = 16), while the prevalence of ETEC was 30.4% (n = 24). Briefly, the Shiga toxins genes; stx1 and stx2, are the most prevalent virulence genes associated with STEC, which are responsible for the pathogenesis of the disease and helped by the intimin gene (eaeA). In addition, the lt gene is the most prevalent enterotoxin gene accompanied by the ETEC strains, either alone or in combination with sta and/or f41 genes. The majority of pathogenic E. coli incriminated in calf diarrhea possesses the aadB resistance gene, followed by the sul1 gene. Enrofloxacin, florfenicol, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and ampicillin-sulbactam, are the most effective antimicrobial agents against the isolated STEC and ETEC strains.
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Adefioye OJ, Weinreich J, Rödiger S, Schierack P, Olowe OA. Phylogenetic Characterization and Multilocus Sequence Typing of Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli from Food-Producing Animals, Beef, and Humans in Southwest Nigeria. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:111-120. [PMID: 32522073 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli strains are emerging globally in both humans and animals. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and ESBL screening were performed on pure cultures of 216 E. coli isolates from human and animal fecal samples as well as beef. Polymerase chain reaction was performed for the detection of resistance genes. Representative isolates of ESBL-producing E. coli were randomly selected for multilocus sequence typing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Sixty of the isolates were identified as ESBL producers, and seven resistance genes were amplified in them: TEM (61.7%), blaCTX-M-15 (51.7%), AAC-6-LB (43.3%), blaCTX-M-1 (38.3%), blaCTX-M-9 (33.3%), blaCTX-M-2 (21.7%), and SHV (11.7%); they were classified into four phylogroups: A (25%), B1 (45%), B2 (20%), and D (10%). Thirty of these isolates were clustered into 10 sequence types with ST131 being mostly prevalent. Six PFGE types were discovered, each of which was shared by isolates from different subjects and had the same phylogroups and resistance gene profiles. There was a dissemination of PFGE types across various groups among humans, animals, and beef. This underlines the fact that the spread of ESBL E. coli could be from humans to animals, from animals to humans, as well as across animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusolabomi J Adefioye
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Jörg Weinreich
- Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rödiger
- Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schierack
- Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Olugbenga Adekunle Olowe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria
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Sobhy NM, Yousef SGA, Aboubakr HA, Nisar M, Nagaraja KV, Mor SK, Valeris-Chacin RJ, Goyal SM. Virulence factors and antibiograms of Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic calves of Egyptian cattle and water buffaloes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232890. [PMID: 32392237 PMCID: PMC7213691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli in calves is an important problem in terms of survivability, productivity and treatment costs. In this study, 88 of 150 diarrheic animals tested positive for E. coli. Of these, 54 samples had mixed infection with other bacterial and/or parasitic agents. There are several diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes including enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and necrotoxigenic E. coli (NTEC). Molecular detection of virulence factors Stx2, Cdt3, Eae, CNF2, F5, Hly, Stx1, and ST revealed their presence at 39.7, 27.2, 19.3, 15.9, 13.6, 9.0, 3.4, and 3.4 percent, respectively. As many as 13.6% of the isolates lacked virulence genes and none of the isolate had LT or CNF1 toxin gene. The odds of isolating ETEC from male calves was 3.6 times (95% CI: 1.1, 12.4; P value = 0.042) that of female calves, whereas the odds of isolating NTEC from male calves was 72.9% lower (95% CI: 91.3% lower, 15.7% lower; P value = 0.024) than that in females. The odds of isolating STEC in winter was 3.3 times (95% CI: 1.1, 10.3; P value = 0.037) that of spring. Antibiograms showed 48 (54.5%) of the isolates to be multi-drug resistant. The percent resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was 79.5, 67.0, 54.5, and 43.0, respectively. Ceftazidime (14.8%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (13.6%) and aztreonam (11.3%) showed the lowest resistance, and none of the isolates was resistant to imipenem. The results of this study can help improve our understanding of the epidemiological aspects of E. coli infection and to devise strategies for protection against it. The prevalence of E. coli pathotypes can help potential buyers of calves to avoid infected premises. The antibiograms in this study emphasizes the risks associated with the random use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader M. Sobhy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sarah G. A. Yousef
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Hamada A. Aboubakr
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, El-Shatby, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Nisar
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kakambi V. Nagaraja
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sunil K. Mor
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Valeris-Chacin
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Animal Health and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Sagar M. Goyal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Vega-Manriquez XD, Ubiarco-López A, Verdugo-Rodríguez A, Hernández-Chiñas U, Navarro-Ocaña A, Ahumada-Cota RE, Ramírez-Badillo D, Hernández-Díaz de León N, Eslava CA. Pet dogs potential transmitters of pathogenic Escherichia coli with resistance to antimicrobials. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:1173-1179. [PMID: 32076735 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli strains are part of the normal biota of humans and animals; however, several clinical reports have implicated E. coli as the etiological agent of diarrhea in humans and companion animals. Thus, the aim of the present study was to know if companion dogs in the city of San Luis Potosi are colonized with virulent potentially harmful E. coli strains. Rectal swabs from 30 dogs, 13 with and 17 without diarrhea were analyzed. Phylogenetic and virulence genes analysis was performed to the E. coli isolates. Additionally, the Kirby-Bauer test was used to analyze the sensitivity to 32 different antimicrobials from 14 families. Eighty-five isolates were identified as E. coli and detected in 97% of healthy and diarrheic dog samples. E. coli isolates from healthy dogs carried several virulence genes, in contrast with those from diarrheic animals that presented only eaeA. In healthy dogs, phylogenetic analysis showed that 57% and 43% of E. coli isolates belonged to commensal (A and B1) and virulent (B2 and D) groups respectively. Meanwhile, diarrheic dogs showed that 69% of the isolates were identified as virulent B2 and D phylogroups. Moreover, E. coli resistant to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, quinolones, and folate inhibitors were detected in both groups of dogs. The presence of E. coli with eaeA virulence gene in diarrheic dogs, suggest that these strains are associated with the animal´s condition. Finally, major attention must be drawn to the careful handling of dogs because of their capability to harbor and disseminate virulent E. coli strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Vega-Manriquez
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Potosí, Mexico
| | - A Ubiarco-López
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.,Peripheral Unit of Basic and Clinical Research in Infectious Diseases, Public health Department/Research Division, Faculty of Medicine UNAM; Bacterial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Hemato-Oncology and Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez/Faculty of Medicine UNAM, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. De los Doctores, CP 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Verdugo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - U Hernández-Chiñas
- Peripheral Unit of Basic and Clinical Research in Infectious Diseases, Public health Department/Research Division, Faculty of Medicine UNAM; Bacterial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Hemato-Oncology and Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez/Faculty of Medicine UNAM, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. De los Doctores, CP 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Navarro-Ocaña
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R E Ahumada-Cota
- Peripheral Unit of Basic and Clinical Research in Infectious Diseases, Public health Department/Research Division, Faculty of Medicine UNAM; Bacterial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Hemato-Oncology and Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez/Faculty of Medicine UNAM, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. De los Doctores, CP 06720, Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - D Ramírez-Badillo
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - C A Eslava
- Peripheral Unit of Basic and Clinical Research in Infectious Diseases, Public health Department/Research Division, Faculty of Medicine UNAM; Bacterial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Hemato-Oncology and Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez/Faculty of Medicine UNAM, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. De los Doctores, CP 06720, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Montso PK, Mlambo V, Ateba CN. The First Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Virulent Multi-Drug Resistant Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O177 Serogroup From South African Cattle. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:333. [PMID: 31608246 PMCID: PMC6769085 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) is a group of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli with high diversity of serogroups, which lack the bundle-forming pili (BFP) and genes encoding for shiga toxins. The aim of this study was to isolate, identify and determine virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles of aEPEC O177 strains from cattle feces. A total of 780 samples were collected from beef and dairy cattle and analyzed for the presence of E. coli O177. One thousand two hundred and seventy-two (1272) presumptive isolates were obtained and 915 were confirmed as E. coli species. Three hundred and seventy-six isolates were positively confirmed as E. coli O177 through amplification of rmlB and wzy gene sequences using multiplex PCR. None of these isolates harbored bfpA gene. A larger proportion (12.74%) of the isolates harbored hlyA gene while 11.20, 9.07, 7.25, 2.60, and 0.63% possessed stx2, stx1, eaeA, stx2a, and stx2d, respectively. Most of E. coli O177 isolates carried stx2/hlyA (9.74%). Furthermore, 7.40% of the isolates harbored stx1/stx2 while 7.09% possessed stx1/stx2/hlyA genes. Only one isolate harbored stx1/stx2/hly/eaeA/stx2a/stx2d while 5.11% of the isolates harbored all the four major virulence genes stx1/stx2/hlyA/eaeA, simultaneously. Further analysis revealed that the isolates displayed varied antimicrobial resistance to erythromycin (63.84%), ampicillin (21.54%), tetracycline (13.37%), streptomycin (17.01%), kanamycin (2.42%), chloramphenicol (1.97%), and norfloxacin (1.40%). Moreover, 20.7% of the isolates exhibited different phenotypic multi-drug resistance patterns. All 73 isolates harbored at least one antimicrobial resistance gene. The aadA, streA, streB, erm, and tetA resistance genes were detected separately and/or concurrently. In conclusion, our findings indicate that environmental isolates of aEPEC O177 strains obtained from cattle in South Africa harbored virulence and antimicrobial resistance gene determinants similar to those reported in other shiga-toxin producing E. coli strains and suggest that these determinants may contribute to the virulence of the isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kotsoana Montso
- Bacteriophage Therapy and Phage Bio-control Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Victor Mlambo
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Nelspruit, South Africa
| | - Collins Njie Ateba
- Bacteriophage Therapy and Phage Bio-control Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
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Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance and Distribution of Virulence Factors in the Shiga Toxigenic Escherichia coli Recovered from Hospital Food. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.82659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Jia Z, He M, Wang C, Chen A, Zhang X, Xu J, Fu H, Liu B. Nisin reduces uterine inflammation in rats by modulating concentrations of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 81:e13096. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot China
| | - Meiling He
- College of Animal Science Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot China
| | - Chunjie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot China
| | - Aorigele Chen
- College of Animal Science Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot China
- College of Basic Medical Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot China
| | - Jin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot China
| | - He Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Animal Science Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot China
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Yadegari Z, Nikbakht Brujeni G, Ghorbanpour R, Moosakhani F, Lotfollahzadeh S. Molecular characterization of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from neonatal calves diarrhea. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2019; 10:73-78. [PMID: 31183019 PMCID: PMC6522186 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.34313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) produces different virulence factors allowing the bacterium to colonize and develop watery diarrhea. Proteomics studies have also introduced new protein belonging to the secretion pathways, antigen 43 (Ag43), which plays important role in E. coli pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate O-types and virulence factors of E. coli isolates from neonatal calves diarrhea. Total of 120 isolates from diarrheic calves were genotyped for their O groups and the presence of virulence genes K99, F41 and STa as well as Ag43. The predominant O-type was O101 (51.00%) and the prevalence of K99, F41 and STa was 7 (5.80%). The Ag43 was detected in all samples with three different allelic patterns. Our results indicated that K99 positive isolates certainly have one of each 2200 bp or 1800 bp or both copies of Ag43 passenger domain, while negative K99 isolates lack the Ag43. The results reported here provide informative data regarding the prevalence of E. coli O-types and their virulence factors in enteric colibacillosis. The Ag43 that was more found in K99 positive isolates might be associated with diarrhea-causing E. coli strains in neonatal calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Yadegari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Gholamreza Nikbakht Brujeni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Reyhaneh Ghorbanpour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Farhad Moosakhani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Branch of Karaj, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran;
| | - Samad Lotfollahzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Distribution of Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Phylogenetic Groups of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Mexican Patients with Urinary Infection. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.83711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Kohansal M, Ghanbari Asad A. Molecular analysis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and non-O157 strains isolated from calves. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2018; 85:e1-e7. [PMID: 30456961 PMCID: PMC6244070 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v85i1.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 and non-O157 are food-borne pathogens and contaminants of foods of animal origin. This study was conducted to investigate the presence of virulence and integrase genes in STEC isolates from diarrhoeic calves in Fars Province, Iran. Five hundred and forty diarrheic neonatal calves were randomly selected for sampling. Rectal swabs were collected and cultured for isolation and identification of E. coli following standard methods. The isolates were analysed for the presence of class 1 integrons and bacterial virulence factors using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Out of 540 diarrhoeic faecal samples, 312 (57.7%) harboured E. coli and 71 (22.7%) of them were identified as STEC: 41(69.5%) carried the stx2 gene, 21 (35.6%) carried the stx1 gene and 3 (5%) carried both. Twenty-six (44%) of the isolates showed the eaegene. Among the STEC isolates examined for susceptibility to eight antimicrobial agents, erythromycin and penicillin (96.8%) resistance were most commonly observed, followed by resistances to ampicillin (71.8%), tetracycline (62.5%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (39%). Integrons were detected by PCR in 36% of the STEC tested isolates, 57 (89%) of which showed resistance to at least three antimicrobial agents. Our findings should raise awareness about antibiotic resistance in diarrhoeic calves in Fars Province, Iran. Class 1 integrons facilitate the emergence and dissemination of multidrug-resistance (MDR) among STEC strains recovered from food animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kohansal
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Fasa University of Medical Science, Iran; and, Department of Biology, Payame Noor University (PNU).
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Sonda T, Kumburu H, van Zwetselaar M, Alifrangis M, Mmbaga BT, Aarestrup FM, Kibiki G, Lund O. Whole genome sequencing reveals high clonal diversity of Escherichia coli isolated from patients in a tertiary care hospital in Moshi, Tanzania. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018; 7:72. [PMID: 29977533 PMCID: PMC5992844 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Limited information regarding the clonality of circulating E. coli strains in tertiary care hospitals in low and middle-income countries is available. The purpose of this study was to determine the serotypes, antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. Further, we carried out a phylogenetic tree reconstruction to determine relatedness of E. coli isolated from patients in a tertiary care hospital in Tanzania. Methods E. coli isolates from inpatients admitted at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre between August 2013 and August 2015 were fully genome-sequenced at KCMC hospital. Sequence analysis was done for identification of resistance genes, Multi-Locus Sequence Typing, serotyping, and virulence genes. Phylogeny reconstruction using CSI Phylogeny was done to ascertain E. coli relatedness. Stata 13 (College Station, Texas 77,845 USA) was used to determine Cohen's kappa coefficient of agreement between the phenotypically tested and whole genome sequence predicted antimicrobial resistance. Results Out of 38 E. coli isolates, 21 different sequence types (ST) were observed. Eight (21.1%) isolates belonged to ST131; of which 7 (87.5.%) were serotype O25:H4. Ten (18.4%) isolates belonged to ST10 clonal complex; of these, four (40.0%) were ST617 with serotype O89:H10. Twenty-eight (73.7%) isolates carried genes encoding beta-lactam resistance enzymes. On average, agreement across all drugs tested was 83.9%. Trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) showed moderate agreement: 45.8%, kappa =15% and p = 0.08. Amoxicillin-clavulanate showed strongest agreement: 87.5%, kappa = 74% and p = 0.0001. Twenty-two (57.9%) isolates carried virulence factors for host cells adherence and 25 (65.7%) for factors that promote E. coli immune evasion by increasing survival in serum. The phylogeny analysis showed that ST131 clustering close together whereas ST10 clonal complex had a very clear segregation of the ST617 and a mix of the rest STs. Conclusion There is a high diversity of E. coli isolated from patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Tanzania. This underscores the necessity to routinely screen all bacterial isolates of clinical importance in tertiary health care facilities. WGS use for laboratory-based surveillance can be an effective early warning system for emerging pathogens and resistance mechanisms in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolbert Sonda
- 1Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.,2Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Happiness Kumburu
- 1Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.,2Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Marco van Zwetselaar
- 1Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Michael Alifrangis
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- 1Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.,2Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | | | - Gibson Kibiki
- 2Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania.,East African Health Research Commission, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Ole Lund
- 5Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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SHARMA RK, TAKU AK, MALIK ANDLEEB, BHAT MA, JAVED RABYIA, BADROO GA, KOUR AMITOZ. Molecular characterization and antimicrobial profiling of Escherichia coli isolates from diarrheic calves. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v87i12.79782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Diarrhea due to Escherichia coli is one of the major economic concerns of bovine industry in the first few weeks after birth. The present study was carried out for characterization of virulence traits of Escherichia coli associated with diarrhea in calves less than 3 months of age and their antimicrobial profiling. Escherichia coli isolates (700) were recovered in this study, which belonged to 25 different serogroups out of which O2 and O6 were most predominant. The isolates were screened for 7 virulence genes, viz. sta, stx1, stx2, lt, f5, f41 and eae. Out of 700 isolates, 65 (9.2%) carried virulence genes either alone (f5, eae, f41, sta, stx1 and stx2) or in different combinations (f41/sta, sta/lt, stx1/eae and f5/stx2). Based on the presence of virulence factors, these isolates were classified as Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (27), enterotoxigenic E. coli (20), enteropathogenic E. coli (15) and 3 were unclassified. These 65 isolates were resistant to commonly used antibacterial agents like amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, cephalexin, cloxacillin, enrofloxacin and gentamicin. Multidrug resistance was also observed in 84.6% of them.This study reveals that PCR based detection of E. coli virotypes can be used in diagnosis and epidemiological studies. Also increasing multidrug resistance for most of the commonly used antibiotics is a matter of concern.
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Virulence Genes and Phenotypic Evaluation of the Antibiotic Resistance of Vero Toxin Producing Escherichia coli Recovered From Milk, Meat, and Vegetables. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.62288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Ranjbar R, Safarpoor Dehkordi F, Sakhaei Shahreza MH, Rahimi E. Prevalence, identification of virulence factors, O-serogroups and antibiotic resistance properties of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from raw milk and traditional dairy products. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018; 7:53. [PMID: 29686859 PMCID: PMC5902837 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli strains are one of the most important foodborne bacteria with an emergence of antibiotic resistance. Foodborne STEC strains are mainly associated with presence of certain virulence factors and O-seogroups. The present investigation was done to study the distribution of virulence factors, O-serogroups and antibiotic resistance properties of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from milk and dairy products. Methods Six-hundred samples were randomly collected and immediately transferred to laboratory. All samples were cultured and E. coli strains were isolated. STEC strains were identified based on the presence of putative virulence factors and subtypes. STEC isolates were subjected to multiplex PCR and disk diffusion methods. Results One-hundred and eighty-one out of 600 samples (30.16%) harbored E. coli. Prevalence of STEC strains was 10.66%. O157 (43.75%) and O26 (37.50%) were the most frequently identified serogroups. Aac(3)-IV (100%), CITM (96.87%) and tetA (76.56%) were the most commonly detected antibiotic resistance genes. STEC strains had the highest prevalence of resistance against ampicillin (100%), gentamicin (100%) and tetracycline (96.87%). Conclusions Kashk and dough were negative for presence of E. coli strains. High prevalence of resistant-O157 strains and simultaneous presence of multiple virulence factors pose an important public health problem regarding the consumption of raw milk and dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ranjbar
- 1Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Ebrahim Rahimi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
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Yousefi A, Torkan S. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in the Urine Samples of Iranian Dogs: Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern and Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance Genes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4180490. [PMID: 29318148 PMCID: PMC5727558 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4180490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections in dogs. The present research was done to study the prevalence rate and antimicrobial resistance properties of UPEC strains isolated from healthy dogs and those which suffered from UTIs. Four-hundred and fifty urine samples were collected and cultured. E. coli-positive strains were subjected to disk diffusion and PCR methods. Two-hundred out of 450 urine samples (44.4%) were positive for E. coli. Prevalence of E. coli in healthy and infected dogs was 28% and 65%, respectively. Female had the higher prevalence of E. coli (P = 0.039). Marked seasonality was also observed (P = 0.024). UPEC strains had the highest levels of resistance against gentamicin (95%), ampicillin (85%), amikacin (70%), amoxicillin (65%), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (65%). We found that 21.50% of UPEC strains had simultaneously resistance against more than 10 antibiotics. Aac(3)-IV (77%), CITM (52.5%), tetA (46.5%), and sul1 (40%) were the most commonly detected antibiotic resistance genes. Findings showed considerable levels of antimicrobial resistance among UPEC strains of Iranian dogs. Rapid identification of infected dogs and their treatment based on the results of disk diffusion can control the risk of UPEC strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Yousefi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Saam Torkan
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Chirila F, Tabaran A, Fit N, Nadas G, Mihaiu M, Tabaran F, Cătoi C, Reget OL, Dan SD. Concerning Increase in Antimicrobial Resistance in Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Young Animals during 1980-2016. Microbes Environ 2017; 32:252-259. [PMID: 28904263 PMCID: PMC5606695 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me17023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to assess the antimicrobial resistance patterns of E. coli isolated from young animals affected between 1980 and 2016. The selected isolates for this study (n=175) carried stx1/stx2 genes and the most prevalent type of pathogenic E. coli found belonged to serogroup O101, antigen (K99)–F41 positive. All STEC-positive isolates were tested for susceptibility to 11 antimicrobials. Multidrug resistance (MDR) increased from 11% during the 1980s to 40% between 2000 and 2016. Resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin was the most frequent co-resistance phenotype (37%). Co-resistance to tetracycline and sulfonamide was found in 21% of E. coli isolates, while the MDR pattern to tetracycline, sulfonamide, and streptomycin was observed in 12% of the strains tested. Only 8% of isolates were co-resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin, streptomycin, and sulfonamide. The most common resistance genes found were those encoding for tetracycline, sulphonamides, and streptomycin, with 54% (n=95) of the tested isolates containing at least one of the genes encoding tetracycline resistance. A total of 87% of E. coli that tested positive for tetracycline (tetA, tetB, and tetC) and sulphonamide (sul1) resistance genes were isolated between 2000 and 2016. A large number of isolates (n=21) carried int1 and a nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that all class 1 integron gene cassettes carried sul1, tet, and dfrA1 resistance genes. An increase was observed in the level of resistance to antimicrobials in Romania, highlighting the urgent need for a surveillance and prevention system for antimicrobial resistance in livestock in Eastern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Chirila
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Alexandra Tabaran
- Animal Breeding and Food Safety Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Nicodim Fit
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
| | - George Nadas
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Marian Mihaiu
- Animal Breeding and Food Safety Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Flaviu Tabaran
- Pathologic Anatomy Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Cornel Cătoi
- Pathologic Anatomy Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Oana Lucia Reget
- Animal Breeding and Food Safety Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Sorin Daniel Dan
- Animal Breeding and Food Safety Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
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Srivani M, Reddy YN, Subramanyam KV, Reddy MR, Rao TS. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli in diarrheic buffalo calves. Vet World 2017; 10:774-778. [PMID: 28831221 PMCID: PMC5553146 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.774-778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence, virulence gene profiles, and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) in diarrheic buffalo calves from Andhra Pradesh and Telangana States. Materials and Methods: A total of 375 fecal samples from diarrheic buffalo calves of 1-7, 8-30, 31-60, and 61-90 days age were collected from which STEC were isolated, and virulence genes were detected using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The antimicrobial resistance of isolates was tested by disk diffusion method. Results: The prevalence of E. coli associated diarrhea in buffalo calves was 85.04%, of which 35.01% was STEC origin. In STEC, the combination of eaeA and, hlyA virulence genes was highest (42.45%) followed by stx1 (16.04%), stx1, stx2 and hlyA (13.21%), stx2 (12.64%), stx1, eae and hlyA (9.43%) and stx1 and hlyA (6.6%) genes were detected. Highest antimicrobial resistance was observed for tetracycline (63.21%) and ampicillin (48.11%), while chloramphenicol, gentamycin (96.33%) and imipenem (99.06%) antibiotics are susceptible. Multidrug resistance was detected in 69.81% of the STEC isolates from diarrheic buffalo calves. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of eaeA and hlyA genes carrying isolates of STEC may be a serious zoonotic threat and increased prevalence of multidrug resistance in E. coli may necessitate stringent selection of appropriate antimicrobial agent in treating buffalo calf diarrhea cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Srivani
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Krishna - 521 101, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Y Narasimha Reddy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - K V Subramanyam
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Krishna - 521 101, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M Ramakoti Reddy
- Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - T Srinivasa Rao
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Ghanbarpour R, Askari N, Ghorbanpour M, Tahamtan Y, Mashayekhi K, Afsharipour N, Darijani N. Genotypic analysis of virulence genes and antimicrobial profile of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from diseased lambs in Iran. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:591-597. [PMID: 28161846 PMCID: PMC7089295 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the analysis of virulence genes and antimicrobial profile of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from diseased lambs. Two hundred ninety E. coli isolates were recovered from 300 rectal swabs of diarrheic lambs and were confirmed by biochemical tests. The pathotype determination was done according to the presence of genes including f5, f41, LTI, STI, bfp, ipaH, stx 1 , stx 2 , eae, ehlyA, cnf 1 , cnf 2 , cdIII, cdIV, and f17 by PCR method. Sixty-six isolates (23.72%) possessed the STI gene and categorized into entrotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). Nine isolates (3.1%) and five isolates (1.72%) were positive for the cnf1 and cnf2 genes which categorized into necrotoxic E. coli (NTEC). Hundred and seventeen isolates (40.34%) harbored stx 1 and/or stx 2 and classified as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Thirteen isolates (4.48%) were assigned to atypical entropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) and possessed eae gene. Two isolates (0.68%) were positive for ipaH gene and were assigned to entroinvasive E. coli (EIEC). Statistical analysis showed a specific association between eae gene and STEC pathotype (P < 0.0001). The most prevalent resistance was observed against lincomycin (96.5%) and the lowest resistance was against kanamycine (56.02%), respectively. The high prevalence of STEC and ETEC indicates that diarrheic lambs represent an important reservoir for humans. ETEC may play an important role for frequent occurrence of diarrhea in lambs observed in this region. Due to high antibiotic resistance, appropriate control should be implemented in veterinary medicine to curb the development of novel resistant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghanbarpour
- Molecular Microbiology Research Group, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nasrin Askari
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Masoud Ghorbanpour
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Nasim Darijani
- South of Kerman Provincial Veterinary Service, Kerman, Iran
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Souto MSM, Coura FM, Dorneles EMS, Stynen APR, Alves TM, Santana JA, Pauletti RB, Guedes RMC, Viott AM, Heinemann MB, Lage AP. Antimicrobial susceptibility and phylotyping profile of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolates from calves and pigs in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:13-23. [PMID: 27709395 PMCID: PMC7089450 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to determine (i) the profiles of phylogroup and (ii) the antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from calves, and of Salmonella spp. strains isolated from calves and pigs in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Sixty-one pathogenic E. coli strains and Salmonella spp. (n = 24) strains isolated from fecal samples of calves and Salmonella spp. (n = 39) strains previously isolated from fecal samples of growing/finishing pigs were tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the agar dilution method was determined for nalidixic acid, amikacin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefoxitin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. All E. coli isolates were susceptible to amikacin. Tetracycline was the antimicrobial that presented the higher frequency of resistance among E. coli strains, followed by ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, gentamicin, and cefoxitin. E. coli (n = 61) strains isolated from calves belonged to different phylogroup namely, phylogroup A (n = 26), phylogroup B1 (n = 31), phylogroup E (n = 3), and phylogroup F (n = 1). Phylogroups B2, C, and D were not identified among the E. coli in the present study. All Salmonella spp. (n = 24) strains isolated from fecal samples of calves were susceptible to amikacin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Resistance to nalidixic acid and cefoxitin was detected in 16.66 and 8.33 % of the Salmonella spp. strains, respectively. Among the Salmonella spp. (n = 39) strains isolated from fecal samples of pigs, the higher frequency of resistance was observed to tetracycline, followed by amoxicillin, gentamicin, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid, cefoxitin, and norfloxacin. All strains were susceptible to amikacin. Forty-eight (78.68 %) of the E. coli strains were classified as multidrug-resistant, whereas among Salmonella spp. strains, the percentage of multidrug resistance was 57.14 %, being all multidrug-resistant strains isolated from pigs (92.30 %). The results from the present study indicate a high frequency of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic E. coli strains isolated from calves and Salmonella spp. strains isolated from pigs and a high rate of susceptibility to most antimicrobials tested among Salmonella spp. strains isolated from calves. Our study highlights the presence of multidrug-resistant strains of E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from food-producing animals in Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa S M Souto
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Coura
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elaine M S Dorneles
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula R Stynen
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Telma M Alves
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jordana Almeida Santana
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rebeca B Pauletti
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Roberto M C Guedes
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aline M Viott
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Campus Palotina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcos B Heinemann
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrey P Lage
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Antimicrobial resistance and molecular characterization of virulence genes, phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic and healthy camel-calves in Tunisia. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 49:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Rapid and Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Escherichia coli LT Toxin From Clinical Isolates. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.36261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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48
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Tabaran A, Mihaiu M, Tăbăran F, Colobatiu L, Reget O, Borzan MM, Dan SD. First study on characterization of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in verotoxigenic and enterotoxigenic E. coli isolated from raw milk and unpasteurized traditional cheeses in Romania. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2016; 62:145-150. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-016-0481-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Awadallah M, Ahmed H, Merwad A, Selim M. Occurrence, genotyping, shiga toxin genes and associated risk factors of E. coli isolated from dairy farms, handlers and milk consumers. Vet J 2016; 217:83-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ranjbar R, Sheikhshahrokh A, Jonaidi Jafari N. Shiga (vero) toxin producingEscherichia coliin various types of food stuffs; virulence factors, O-serogroups and antimicrobial resistance properties. J Food Saf 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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