1
|
Hermans D, Maertens B, Verstringe S, Pasmans F, Vervloesem J, Jacquier V, Boyen F, Verbrugghe E. Research Note: Curbing Salmonella Enteritidis in broiler chickens with palm-free medium-chain fatty acids. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104172. [PMID: 39178817 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is still one of the most reported zoonoses worldwide and poultry meat is a major source, as chickens are often persistent carriers of Salmonella. Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) are known for their strong antimicrobial activity. MCFAs used today in the animal feed industry, however, mainly originate from the palm oil industry, which is notorious for its negative impact on the climate. We investigated the effect of a specific blend of palm-free MCFAs (ranging from C6 to C9) on Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) colonization in broiler chickens and in vitro SE characteristics. Fifty Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly divided in 2 treatment groups. Chickens received either un-supplemented feed or feed supplemented with 300 ppm MCFAs from D0 onwards. On D7, all chickens were orally inoculated with 1600 CFU of SE. Cloacal swabs (D11) and samples of liver and caeca (D12) of all animals were collected and SE was enumerated. Percentage of SE-positive caecum samples was significantly (P = 0.044) reduced in birds receiving MCFAs compared to those receiving unsupplemented feed (36% vs. 64%). In vitro work performed with the same SE strain showed that preincubating the Salmonella bacteria with MCFAs at a sub-minimal inhibitory concentration significantly (p < 0.05) reduced bacterial adhesion to and invasion in Caco-2 cells, which may explain the observed reduction in intestinal SE colonization in the in vivo trial. Together, these results show that the tested eco-friendly MCFA blend could be a promising tool in the control of Salmonella in broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Hermans
- Nutrition Sciences NV, 9031 Drongen, Belgium.
| | | | | | - F Pasmans
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - V Jacquier
- Nutrition Sciences NV, 9031 Drongen, Belgium
| | - F Boyen
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - E Verbrugghe
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang X, Deng S, Lu N, Yao W, Xia D, Tu W, Lei H, Jia P, Gan Y. Fecal microbial composition associated with testosterone in the development of Meishan male pigs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1257295. [PMID: 38053550 PMCID: PMC10694212 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1257295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The gut microbiota closely relates to host health, whereas the relationship between gut microbiota and testosterone during the development of Meishan male pigs remains unclear. This study investigated the fecal microbiota composition and testosterone level during development in Meishan male pigs. Methods Fresh fecal samples of 20 healthy Meishan male pigs were individually collected at 10 and 22 weeks (wk) of age for testosterone content detection and bacteria pyrosequencing analysis. Anaerobic culture experiment of fecal bacteria in vitro was performed for bacteria pyrosequencing analysis. Results The fecal testosterone content increased significantly from 10 weeks (wk) to 22 wk of age (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the boars at 22 wk had a lower abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, and genus Alloprevotella, Prevotella_1, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, and Streptococcus in the fecal microbiota composition (P < 0.05). but higher proportions of the phylum Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Kiritimatiellaeota, and Tenericutes, and genus Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Muribaculaceae and Terrisporobacter than that at 10 wk (P < 0.05), and the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio was higher at 22 wk than 10 wk (P < 0.05). Moreover, the fecal testosterone level significantly correlated with the relative abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Tencuteseri, and genus Alloprevotella, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Muribaculaceae, Prevotella_1 and Streptococcus. Furthermore, the in vitro experiments indicated that the abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria and genus Escherichia-Shigella reduced with the increase of supplemental testosterone level. In contrast, the proportion of Firmicutes phylum increased with additional testosterone levels. Discussion Testosterone could modulate the microflora structure. Meanwhile, the bacteria could degrade the testosterone in a dose testosterone-dependent manner. These results provide us with new insights into the relationship between the gut microbiome and testosterone and the contributions of the gut microbiome in physiological regulation in response to gonad development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoshan Deng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Naisheng Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilong Tu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hulong Lei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Jia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeqing Gan
- Meishan Pig Breeding Center of Jiading, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Álvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Argüello‐Rodríguez H, Dohmen W, Magistrali CF, Padalino B, Tenhagen B, Threlfall J, García‐Fierro R, Guerra B, Liébana E, Stella P, Peixe L. Transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) during animal transport. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07586. [PMID: 36304831 PMCID: PMC9593722 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) between food-producing animals (poultry, cattle and pigs) during short journeys (< 8 h) and long journeys (> 8 h) directed to other farms or to the slaughterhouse lairage (directly or with intermediate stops at assembly centres or control posts, mainly transported by road) was assessed. Among the identified risk factors contributing to the probability of transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), the ones considered more important are the resistance status (presence of ARB/ARGs) of the animals pre-transport, increased faecal shedding, hygiene of the areas and vehicles, exposure to other animals carrying and/or shedding ARB/ARGs (especially between animals of different AMR loads and/or ARB/ARG types), exposure to contaminated lairage areas and duration of transport. There are nevertheless no data whereby differences between journeys shorter or longer than 8 h can be assessed. Strategies that would reduce the probability of AMR transmission, for all animal categories include minimising the duration of transport, proper cleaning and disinfection, appropriate transport planning, organising the transport in relation to AMR criteria (transport logistics), improving animal health and welfare and/or biosecurity immediately prior to and during transport, ensuring the thermal comfort of the animals and animal segregation. Most of the aforementioned measures have similar validity if applied at lairage, assembly centres and control posts. Data gaps relating to the risk factors and the effectiveness of mitigation measures have been identified, with consequent research needs in both the short and longer term listed. Quantification of the impact of animal transportation compared to the contribution of other stages of the food-production chain, and the interplay of duration with all risk factors on the transmission of ARB/ARGs during transport and journey breaks, were identified as urgent research needs.
Collapse
|
4
|
Hankel J, Chuppava B, Wilke V, Hartung CB, Muthukumarasamy U, Strowig T, Bach Knudsen KE, Kamphues J, Visscher C. High Dietary Intake of Rye Affects Porcine Gut Microbiota in a Salmonella Typhimurium Infection Study. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172232. [PMID: 36079614 PMCID: PMC9460007 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates in the hindgut has considerable potential for the stimulation or inhibition of the growth of distinct bacteria within microbiota. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether high levels of rye affect porcine gut microbiota composition with subsequent effects on the load of Salmonella Typhimurium, an intestinal pathogen with zoonotic relevance. Therefore, forty-two 25-day-old piglets were allocated to two groups and fed a diet containing either 69% wheat or 69% rye for 35 days. One week after introducing the two different diets, the piglets were experimentally infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. The microbiota composition of cecal and fecal samples of the piglets were evaluated 28 days after infection. In the cecum, promoted growth of Bifidobacterium, several lactic acid bacteria and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were seen in pigs fed the diet containing 69% rye. Bacterial species belonging to the genera Bifidobacterium and Catenisphaera were associated with differing bacterial counts of Salmonella Typhimurium detected in the cecal contents of all piglets in both feeding groups via cultural cultivation. The high intake of rye instead of wheat seems to promote the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria accompanied by impaired growth conditions for the foodborne pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hankel
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Bussarakam Chuppava
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Volker Wilke
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Clara Berenike Hartung
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Uthayakumar Muthukumarasamy
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Josef Kamphues
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sentamu DN, Onono JO, Muinde P, Bor N, Chepyatich D, Thomas LF. Prevalence of gross lesions and handling practices in pigs and their association with pork quality, Kiambu, Kenya. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272951. [PMID: 36026517 PMCID: PMC9417192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-slaughter handling of pigs has been documented to affect the quality of meat though no studies have investigated this relationship in the Kenyan context. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gross lesions and practices related to sub-optimal welfare in pigs presented for slaughter while analyzing the relationship between occurrence of these lesions and meat quality. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a medium scale, non-integrated pig abattoir supplying to the Nairobi market, with a capacity to slaughter approximately 40 pigs a day. Data on welfare-associated lesions and handling practices were obtained from 529 pig carcasses and traders respectively. 387 pork samples were collected, and their quality evaluated by measuring their pH, meat color and drip loss. These three parameters were used to classify pork into four recognized categories namely: Red, Firm, Non-exudative (RFN), Pale Soft Exudative (PSE), Dark Firm Dry (DFD) and Red Soft Exudative (RSE). Almost all pigs were inefficiently stunned as evidenced by the presence of consciousness post-stunning. The majority of pigs (82.97%) having one or more welfare-associated gross lesions. Other animal welfare malpractices observed were high loading density and inadequate rest periods between transport and slaughter. A quarter of the pork samples were of sub-optimal quality including: RSE (11.36%), PSE (2.58%) and DFD (2.58%). Multinomial logistic regression revealed that pork originating from pigs transported at a high loading density had increased odds of being classified as DFD (OR 13.41, 95% CI 2.59-69.46). The findings indicate the need to educate stakeholders in the pork value chains on improved pig handling before and during slaughter to enhance pig welfare pre-slaughter and pork quality post-slaughter. Animal welfare legislation enforcement and implementation was observed to be insufficient. There is a need to educate key stakeholders on its importance of being put into practice both from economic and welfare perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Noah Sentamu
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- University of Nairobi, Kangemi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Nicholas Bor
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dorcas Chepyatich
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- University of Nairobi, Kangemi, Kenya
| | - Lian Francesca Thomas
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hollmann I, Lingens JB, Wilke V, Homann C, Teich K, Buch J, Chuppava B, Visscher C. Epidemiological Study on Salmonella Prevalence in Sow Herds Using Direct and Indirect Detection Methods. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1532. [PMID: 36013949 PMCID: PMC9413226 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In piglet production, the beginning of pork production, Salmonella prevalence requires greater attention as having an impact on the subsequent production steps. The aim of this study was to investigate Salmonella prevalence in three sow herds with attached piglet rearing units. Salmonella prevalence was investigated either directly by boot swabs and feces or indirectly by serum samples taken during gilt integration, the peripartal period, and piglet rearing. Boot swabs and feces were analyzed by real-time PCR and subsequent microbiology. Results indicated that high biosecurity measures in sow husbandry do not necessarily result in a low Salmonella prevalence. Furthermore, the sow herds' Salmonella prevalence should not be used to infer the situation in the associated piglet rearing. The proportion of positive boot swabs was 10.5, 3.6, and 21.3% for sows (gilts and peripartal) with an inverse situation in piglet rearing with 50.0, 63.3, and 5.8% positive swabs for farms A, B, and C, respectively. Boot swabs are suitable as a direct sampling method to gain an overview of Salmonella prevalence in both sows and piglets. Indirect serum antibody testing can be useful, although it should be evaluated considering age-dependent levels of antibody titres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Hollmann
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (I.H.); (J.B.L.); (C.H.); (B.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Jan Berend Lingens
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (I.H.); (J.B.L.); (C.H.); (B.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Volker Wilke
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (I.H.); (J.B.L.); (C.H.); (B.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Christian Homann
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (I.H.); (J.B.L.); (C.H.); (B.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Klaus Teich
- AniCon Labor GmbH, 49685 Emstek, Germany; (K.T.); (J.B.)
| | - Juhle Buch
- AniCon Labor GmbH, 49685 Emstek, Germany; (K.T.); (J.B.)
| | - Bussarakam Chuppava
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (I.H.); (J.B.L.); (C.H.); (B.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (I.H.); (J.B.L.); (C.H.); (B.C.); (C.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Joat NN, Khan S, Chousalkar K. Understanding the effects of intramuscular injection and feed withdrawal on Salmonella Typhimurium shedding and gut microbiota in pullets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:78. [PMID: 34090517 PMCID: PMC8178826 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota plays a key role in health, immunity, digestion, and production in layers. Factors such as environment, diet, diseases, stress, and flock management significantly affect gut microbiota; however, it is not known how potential stressors such as intramuscular injections or feed withdrawal alter the composition of gut microbiota that result in increased the shedding level of foodborne pathogens. In the current study, the effects of intramuscular corticosterone injection and feed withdrawal were evaluated to understand their role in Salmonella Typhimurium shedding and changes in the composition of gut microbiota in layers. Results Salmonella shedding was observed for 8 weeks post-infection. There was a significant increase in Salmonella Typhimurium count after intramuscular injection and feed withdrawal. The Salmonella infected and the negative control groups showed significant differences in the abundance of different genera in gut microbiota at week 1 and up to week 7 post infection. The infected group showed a significant reduction in alpha diversity of gut microbiota. Firmicutes reduced significantly (P < 0.05) after intramuscular injection, while the feed withdrawal groups did not cause any significant changes in Proteobacteria-Firmicutes ratio. Furthermore, intramuscular injection resulted in a significant change in alpha diversity of gut microbiota. Conclusions Exposure of chicks to relatively low dose of Salmonella Typhimurium can lead to persistent shedding in pullets. The Salmonella Typhimurium infection disrupted the gut microbiota composition immediately after infection. The potential stress of intramuscular injection and feed withdrawal significantly increased the Salmonella Typhimurium count in faeces. The intramuscular injection also resulted in a significant alteration of the Proteobacteria-Firmicutes ratio, which could increase the risk of dysbiosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00597-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Narendra Joat
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia
| | - Samiullah Khan
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia
| | - Kapil Chousalkar
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reiske L, Schmucker SS, Steuber J, Toulouse C, Pfaffinger B, Stefanski V. Interkingdom Cross-Talk in Times of Stress: Salmonella Typhimurium Grown in the Presence of Catecholamines Inhibits Porcine Immune Functionality in vitro. Front Immunol 2020; 11:572056. [PMID: 33101292 PMCID: PMC7556211 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.572056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In stressful situations, catecholamines modulate mammalian immune function, and in addition, they can be sensed by many bacteria. Catecholamine sensing was also found in the zoonotic gut pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium, probably contributing to the stress-induced increased risk of salmonellosis. Virulence traits such as proliferation and invasiveness are promoted upon bacterial catecholamine sensing, but it is unknown whether S. Typhimurium may also inhibit mammalian immune function in stressful situations. We thus investigated whether supernatants from S. Typhimurium grown in the presence of catecholamines modulate porcine mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation. Lymphocyte proliferation was reduced by supernatants from catecholamine-exposed Salmonella in a dose-dependent manner. We further examined whether adrenaline oxidation to adrenochrome, which is promoted by bacteria, could be responsible for the observed effect, but this molecule either enhanced lymphocyte functionality or had no effect. We could thereby exclude adrenochrome as a potential immunomodulating agent produced by S. Typhimurium. This study is the first to demonstrate that bacteria grown in the presence of catecholamine stress hormones alter their growth environment, probably by producing immunomodulating substances, in a way that host immune response is suppressed. These findings add a new dimension to interkingdom signaling and provide novel clues to explain the increased susceptibility of a stressed host to Salmonella infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Reiske
- Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sonja S Schmucker
- Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Steuber
- Cellular Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Charlotte Toulouse
- Cellular Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Birgit Pfaffinger
- Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Volker Stefanski
- Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Giovagnoni G, Rossi B, Tugnoli B, Ghiselli F, Bonetti A, Piva A, Grilli E. Thymol and Carvacrol Downregulate the Expression of Salmonella typhimurium Virulence Genes during an In Vitro Infection on Caco-2 Cells. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060862. [PMID: 32517327 PMCID: PMC7355688 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella typhimurium is one of the major bacteria responsible for gastroenteritis in humans caused by foodborne pathogens. As pork is one of the main routes of transmission, bioactive compounds used as feed additives may be an important strategy to control Salmonella typhimurium. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of several organic acids and nature identical compounds against Salmonella typhimurium ATCC®® 6994™. Moreover, the effect of sub-lethal concentrations of thymol and carvacrol in counteracting a Salmonella typhimurium in vitro infection on Caco-2 cells was evaluated, focusing on the maintenance of the epithelial barrier and the alteration of Salmonella virulence genes. The results showed a protective effect of the compounds on the integrity of the intestinal monolayer, improving transepithelial electrical resistance and bacterial translocation compared to the non-treated cells. A real-time PCR study highlighted a significant downregulation of the main virulence genes of Salmonella (hilA, prgH, invA, sipA, sipC, sipD, sopB, sopE2). These findings indicate that thymol and carvacrol could be good candidates for the control of Salmonella typhimurium in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Giovagnoni
- DIMEVET, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy; (G.G.); (F.G.); (A.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Vetagro S.p.A., via Porro 2, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (B.R.); (B.T.)
| | - Benedetta Tugnoli
- Vetagro S.p.A., via Porro 2, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (B.R.); (B.T.)
| | - Federico Ghiselli
- DIMEVET, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy; (G.G.); (F.G.); (A.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Bonetti
- DIMEVET, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy; (G.G.); (F.G.); (A.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Piva
- DIMEVET, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy; (G.G.); (F.G.); (A.B.); (A.P.)
- Vetagro S.p.A., via Porro 2, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (B.R.); (B.T.)
| | - Ester Grilli
- DIMEVET, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy; (G.G.); (F.G.); (A.B.); (A.P.)
- Vetagro Inc., 116 W. Jackson Blvd., Suite #320, Chicago, IL 60604, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ruff J, Barros TL, Tellez G, Blankenship J, Lester H, Graham BD, Selby CAM, Vuong CN, Dridi S, Greene ES, Hernandez-Velasco X, Hargis BM, Tellez-Isaias G. Research Note: Evaluation of a heat stress model to induce gastrointestinal leakage in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 99:1687-1692. [PMID: 32115037 PMCID: PMC7587818 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate heat stress as a model to induce gastrointestinal leakage in broiler chickens. On the day of hatch, 320 chicks were allocated into 8 environmental chambers, 4 thermoneutral (TN) and 4 continuous heat stress (HS). Each chamber was divided into 2 pens containing separate feeders and water jugs (8 replicates per treatment, 20 birds/pen). The environment was established to simulate production setting as best possible for the first 21 D. A gradual reduction of temperature from 32°C to 24°C with relative humidity at 55 ± 5% was adopted for the first 21 D. At the time of HS, the HS groups were exposed to 35°C from Day 21 to 42, while thermoneutral ones were maintained at 24°C from Day 21 to 42. Chickens were equipped with a Thermochron temperature logger for continuous monitoring of core body temperature. The environmental temperature and relative humidity were continuously recorded. Fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran (FITC-d) was orally gavaged to 2 chickens/replicate (n = 16) randomly selected on days 21, 28, 35, and 42. After 1 h of oral gavage, blood samples were collected to determine the passage of FITC-d. Tibias were removed from all chickens to evaluate break strength only on 21 D and 42 D (before HS and at the end of the trial). Performance parameters were evaluated weekly from 21 D to the end of the trial. Body temperature was significantly (P < 0.05) increased after 2 h of starting HS and remained that way until the end of the study. Chronic HS caused an increase in core body temperature which decreased feed intake, body weight, and feed efficiency (28, 35, and 42 D) when compared with control TN chickens. Similarly, serum FITC-d was significantly increased in HS chickens at all points of evaluation. Chronic HS also caused a significant reduction of bone strength at 42 D when compared with the control chickens. The results from the present study suggest that HS can be a robust model to induce gut leakage in broiler chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared Ruff
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Thaina L Barros
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Guillermo Tellez
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Justin Blankenship
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Howard Lester
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Brittany D Graham
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Callie A M Selby
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Christine N Vuong
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Sami Dridi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Greene
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - X Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Billy M Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Inbaraj S, Sejian V, Ramasamy S. Role of environmental stressor-host immune system–pathogen interactions in development of infectious disease in farm animals. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1695084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Inbaraj
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Department of microbiology and immunology, Post-doctoral research fellow, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang J, Dai D, Zhang HJ, Wu SG, Han YM, Wu YY, Qi GH. Organic Acids Modulate Systemic Metabolic Perturbation Caused by Salmonella Pullorum Challenge in Early-Stage Broilers. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1418. [PMID: 31803069 PMCID: PMC6873883 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the protective effects of organic acids (OA) in broilers exposed to Salmonella Pullorum challenge at early stage and to explore the potential benefits of OA by metabolomics analysis. The treatment groups included non-challenged, S. Pullorum-challenged, challenged group supplemented with virginiamycin, challenged group supplemented with OA in drinking water, challenged group supplemented with OA in feed, and challenged group supplemented with OA in combination in drinking water and feed. Results showed that early Salmonella challenge induced an acute systemic infection of broilers in the starter phase, followed by the grower phase without triggering clinical signs. OA supplementation promoted growth during the grower phase, and while OA in water contributed more, the positive effects of OA in combination were comparable to those of virginiamycin supplementation in challenged birds. Furthermore, OA could modulate the systemic metabolic perturbation caused by challenge as it alleviated stress responses mediated by steroid hormone, potentially attenuated antioxidant or immune defense, and modified intestinal microbiota metabolism. These results show a metabolic mechanism that may partly explain the potential benefits of OA in Salmonella challenged birds, and may contribute to the use of OA to control or reduce S. Pullorum infection in farm animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rukambile E, Sintchenko V, Muscatello G, Kock R, Alders R. Infection, colonization and shedding of Campylobacter and Salmonella in animals and their contribution to human disease: A review. Zoonoses Public Health 2019; 66:562-578. [PMID: 31179637 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Livestock meat and offal contribute significantly to human nutrition as sources of high-quality protein and micronutrients. Livestock products are increasingly in demand, particularly in low- and middle-income settings where economies are growing and meat is increasingly seen as an affordable and desirable food item. Demand is also driving intensification of livestock keeping and processing. An unintended consequence of intensification is increased exposure to zoonotic agents, and a contemporary emerging problem is infection with Campylobacter and Salmonella spp. from livestock (avian and mammalian), which can lead to disease, malabsorption and undernutrition through acute and chronic diarrhoea. This can occur at the farm, in households or through the food chain. Direct infection occurs when handling livestock and through bacteria shed into the environment, on food preparation surfaces or around the house and surroundings. This manuscript critically reviews Campylobacter and Salmonella infections in animals, examines the factors affecting colonization and faecal shedding of bacteria of these two genera as well as risk factors for human acquisition of the infection from infected animals or environment and analyses priority areas for preventive actions with a focus on resource-poor settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elpidius Rukambile
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Vitali Sintchenko
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Westmead Hospital and New South Wales Health Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gary Muscatello
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Kock
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Robyn Alders
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Kyeema Foundation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre on Global Health Security, Chatham House, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bellido-Carreras N, Argüello H, Zaldívar-López S, Jiménez-Marín Á, Martins RP, Arce C, Morera L, Carvajal A, Garrido JJ. Salmonella Typhimurium Infection Along the Porcine Gastrointestinal Tract and Associated Lymphoid Tissues. Vet Pathol 2019; 56:681-690. [PMID: 31106677 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819843682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen and pork is one of the main sources of human salmonellosis. Understanding the pathogenesis and progression of the infection within the host is of interest to establish potential approaches to control the disease in pigs. The present study evaluates factors such as intestinal colonization, fecal shedding, and pathogen persistence by 2 studies using experimental challenge with Salmonella Typhimurium in weaned pigs and euthanasia at different time points (1, 2, and 6 and 2, 14, and 30 days postinfection [dpi], respectively). Histopathology of intestine at early time points (1 dpi and 2 dpi) showed severe damage to the epithelium together with an increase in polymorphonuclear cells and macrophages (P < .001), particularly in jejunum and ileum. Large quantities of Salmonella were detected within the contents of the ileum, cecum, and colon in early infection. Salmonella could also be observed in the medulla of tonsils and mesenteric lymph nodes. From 6 dpi onward, signs of recovery were observed, with progressive restoration of the epithelium, reduction of the inflammatory infiltrate, and elimination of Salmonella from the mucosa. Concentration of Salmonella in feces and ileum content decreased, but shedding did not cease even at 4 weeks after infection. Persistence of the bacteria in mesenteric lymph nodes was identified within the connective tissue at 14 and 30 dpi. Our results demonstrate a recovery of the disease after an initial acute phase but also show persistence within the lumen and surrounding lymphoid tissue. These findings are relevant to developing effective control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natividad Bellido-Carreras
- 1 Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Héctor Argüello
- 1 Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sara Zaldívar-López
- 1 Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ángeles Jiménez-Marín
- 1 Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rodrigo P Martins
- 1 Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,2 Cibles Thérapeutiques, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1162, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Louis, Paris, France
| | - Cristina Arce
- 3 Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Morera
- 1 Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana Carvajal
- 4 Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Juan J Garrido
- 1 Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gümüş D, Kalaycı Yüksek F, Sefer Ö, Yörük E, Uz G, Anğ Küçüker M. The roles of hormones in the modulation of growth and virulence genes' expressions in UPEC strains. Microb Pathog 2019; 132:319-324. [PMID: 31082530 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host factors such as hormones are known to modulate growth, virulence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria. In the present study, the effect of norepinephrine (NE) and estradiol (Est) on growth and expression levels of virulence genes (usp, sfa/foc, cnf1, aer) of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains C7 and C149 were investigated. METHODS E. coli C7 and C149 were grown in serum based SAPI broth with and without three different concentrations of norepinephrine and estradiol. Growths were determined via optical density measurement in a spectrophotometer. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine gene expression levels. Statistical analyses were performed by one way Anova Tukey's post hoc-test. RESULTS According to our results it has been shown that, growths of bacteria could be affected in the presence of hormones which are variable according to incubation period and hormones' concentrations. Up regulation of usp, sfa/foc, cnf1 were shown to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) in the presence of low, medium levels NE and all concentrations of Est. The expression of aer was down regulated significantly in the presence of low (p < 0.001) and medium level of Est; but all levels of NE was shown to be increased the expression of aer significantly (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study has shown once more that host factors (norepinephrine and estradiol) could influence the growth of a bacterium as well as gene expressions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Defne Gümüş
- İstanbul Yeni Yüzyl University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Kalaycı Yüksek
- İstanbul Yeni Yüzyl University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Turkey
| | - Özlem Sefer
- İstanbul Yeni Yüzyl University, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Yörük
- İstanbul Yeni Yüzyl University, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülşen Uz
- İstanbul Yeni Yüzyl University, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Anğ Küçüker
- İstanbul Yeni Yüzyl University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pesce Viglietti AI, Giambartolomei GH, Delpino MV. Endocrine modulation of Brucella abortus-infected osteocytes function and osteoclastogenesis via modulation of RANKL/OPG. Microbes Infect 2019; 21:287-295. [PMID: 30735720 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarticular brucellosis is the most frequent complication of active disease. A large amount of cells in bone are osteocytes. Since bone remodeling process is regulated by hormones we sought to study the effect of cortisol and DHEA in Brucella abortus-infected osteocytes. Cortisol treatment inhibited the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-2 and RANKL in B. abortus-infected osteocytes. DHEA could reverse the inhibitory effect of cortisol on MMP-2 production. B. abortus infection inhibited connexin 43 (Cx43) expression in osteocytes. This expression was increased when cortisol was incorporated during the infection and DHEA treatment partially reversed the effect of cortisol. Osteocytes-infected with B. abortus induced osteoclast's differentiation. Yet, the presence of cortisol, but not DHEA, during osteocyte infection inhibited osteoclastogenesis. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is implicated in the signaling of cortisol. Infection with B. abortus was able to increase GRα/β ratio. Levels of intracellular cortisol are not only dependent on GR expression but also a result of the activity of the isoenzymes 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD)-1 (cortisone to cortisol conversion), 11β-HSD2 (cortisol to cortisone conversion). B. abortus infection increased 11β-HSD 1/2 ratio and cortisone mimicked the effect of cortisol. Our results indicated that cortisol and DHEA could modulate osteocyte responses during B. abortus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén Ivana Pesce Viglietti
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Hernán Giambartolomei
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Delpino
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gentilini MV, Giambartolomei GH, Delpino MV. Adrenal Steroids Modulate Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes Response During B. abortus Infection. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:722. [PMID: 31695682 PMCID: PMC6817619 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus stimulates an inflammatory immune response that stimulates the endocrine system, inducing the secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and cortisol. In humans, the active disease is generally present as osteoarticular brucellosis. In previous studies we showed that B. abortus infection of synoviocytes creates a proinflammatory microenvironment. We proposed to determine the role of cortisol and DHEA on synoviocytes and infiltrating monocytes during B. abortus infection. Cortisol inhibited IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and MMP-2 secretion induced by B. abortus infection in synovial fibroblast. Cortisol-mediated MMP-2 inhibition during B. abortus infection was reversed by IL-6. DHEA inhibited B. abortus-induced RANKL up-regulation in synovial fibroblast through estrogen receptor (ER). B. abortus infection did not modulate glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression. Cell responses to cortisol also depended on its intracellular bioavailability, according to the activity of the isoenzymes 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type-1 and 11β-HSD2 (which are involved in cortisone-cortisol interconversion). B. abortus infection did not modify 11β-HSD1 expression and GRα/β ratio in the presence or absence of adrenal steroids. Supernatants from B. abortus-infected monocytes induced 11β-HSD1 in synovial cells. Administration of cortisone was capable of inhibiting the secretion of RANKL by synoviocytes mimicking cortisol's effect. These results go along with previous observations that highlighted the ability of synovial tissue to secrete active steroids, making it an intracrine tissue. This is the first study that contributes to the knowledge of the consequence of adrenal steroids on synoviocytes in the context of a bacterial infection.
Collapse
|
18
|
De Lucia A, Rabie A, Smith RP, Davies R, Ostanello F, Ajayi D, Petrovska L, Martelli F. Role of wild birds and environmental contamination in the epidemiology of Salmonella infection in an outdoor pig farm. Vet Microbiol 2018; 227:148-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
19
|
Ainslie-Garcia MH, Farzan A, Newman JE, Friendship RM, Lillie BN. Salmonella fecal shedding in pigs from birth to market and its association with the presence of Salmonella in palatine tonsils and submandibular lymph nodes at slaughter. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2018; 82:249-255. [PMID: 30363385 PMCID: PMC6168018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is an important cause of foodborne illnesses in humans. Food-producing animals, including swine, are a major source of Salmonella in food products. This study investigated on farm Salmonella fecal shedding in pigs at different production stages - from weaning to marketing - and its association with the presence of Salmonella in tissues at slaughter. Fourteen groups from 8 commercial farrowing sources (N = 809 pigs) were monitored 5 times from birth to slaughter. Fecal and tissue samples were collected from pigs and cultured for Salmonella. A survey was conducted to collect farm management information. A multi-level mixed-effects logistic regression modelling method was used to analyze Salmonella shedding over time and the association between Salmonella shedding and the presence of Salmonella in tissue samples. Salmonella was recovered from 13% (421/3339) of fecal samples collected from 809 pigs over the course of the study. Overall, 35% (284) of pigs shed Salmonella at least once, while 12% (99) shed more than once. Salmonella shedding increased as pigs aged (P = 0.01) and increased in the summer months (P < 0.01). Salmonella was isolated from tissue samples collected from 23% (134/580) of pigs; however, the presence of Salmonella at slaughter was not associated with on farm shedding. The seasonal trend in Salmonella shedding and its association with age may be used to identify high-risk groups and implement more effective control measures accordingly. The identification of repeat shedders warrants interventions that target this source of infection on swine farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H Ainslie-Garcia
- Department of Pathobiology (Ainslie-Garcia, Farzan, Newman, Lillie) and Department of Population Medicine (Farzan, Newman, Friendship), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Abdolvahab Farzan
- Department of Pathobiology (Ainslie-Garcia, Farzan, Newman, Lillie) and Department of Population Medicine (Farzan, Newman, Friendship), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Jane E Newman
- Department of Pathobiology (Ainslie-Garcia, Farzan, Newman, Lillie) and Department of Population Medicine (Farzan, Newman, Friendship), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Robert M Friendship
- Department of Pathobiology (Ainslie-Garcia, Farzan, Newman, Lillie) and Department of Population Medicine (Farzan, Newman, Friendship), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Brandon N Lillie
- Department of Pathobiology (Ainslie-Garcia, Farzan, Newman, Lillie) and Department of Population Medicine (Farzan, Newman, Friendship), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Revolledo L. Vaccines and vaccination against fowl typhoid and pullorum disease: An overview and approaches in developing countries. J APPL POULTRY RES 2018. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfx066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
21
|
Maguey-Gonzalez JA, Michel MA, Baxter MF, Tellez G, Moore PA, Solis-Cruz B, Hernández-Patlan D, Merino-Guzman R, Hernandez-Velasco X, Latorre JD, Hargis BM, Gomez-Rosales S, Tellez-Isaias G. Effect of humic acids on intestinal viscosity, leaky gut and ammonia excretion in a 24 hr feed restriction model to induce intestinal permeability in broiler chickens. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1002-1010. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A. Maguey-Gonzalez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM); Mexico City Mexico
- National Center of Disciplinary Research in Animal Physiology; National Institute of Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock; Ajuchitlan Queretaro Mexico
| | - Matias A. Michel
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; Corrientes Argentina
| | | | - Guillermo Tellez
- Department of Poultry Science; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Philip A. Moore
- USDA-ARS; Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit; Plant Science 115; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Bruno Solis-Cruz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM); Mexico City Mexico
| | - Daniel Hernández-Patlan
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM); Mexico City Mexico
| | - Rubén Merino-Guzman
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; UNAM; Mexico City Mexico
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; UNAM; Mexico City Mexico
| | - Juan D. Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Billy M. Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Sergio Gomez-Rosales
- National Center of Disciplinary Research in Animal Physiology; National Institute of Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock; Ajuchitlan Queretaro Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chlebicz A, Śliżewska K. Campylobacteriosis, Salmonellosis, Yersiniosis, and Listeriosis as Zoonotic Foodborne Diseases: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E863. [PMID: 29701663 PMCID: PMC5981902 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Zoonoses are diseases transmitted from animals to humans, posing a great threat to the health and life of people all over the world. According to WHO estimations, 600 million cases of diseases caused by contaminated food were noted in 2010, including almost 350 million caused by pathogenic bacteria. Campylobacter, Salmonella, as well as Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes may dwell in livestock (poultry, cattle, and swine) but are also found in wild animals, pets, fish, and rodents. Animals, often being asymptomatic carriers of pathogens, excrete them with faeces, thus delivering them to the environment. Therefore, pathogens may invade new individuals, as well as reside on vegetables and fruits. Pathogenic bacteria also penetrate food production areas and may remain there in the form of a biofilm covering the surfaces of machines and equipment. A common occurrence of microbes in food products, as well as their improper or careless processing, leads to common poisonings. Symptoms of foodborne infections may be mild, sometimes flu-like, but they also may be accompanied by severe complications, some even fatal. The aim of the paper is to summarize and provide information on campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, yersiniosis, and listeriosis and the aetiological factors of those diseases, along with the general characteristics of pathogens, virulence factors, and reservoirs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Chlebicz
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Śliżewska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ainslie-Garcia MH, Farzan A, Jafarikia M, Lillie BN. Single nucleotide variants in innate immune genes associated with Salmonella shedding and colonization in swine on commercial farms. Vet Microbiol 2018; 219:171-177. [PMID: 29778193 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne human salmonellosis is an important food safety concern worldwide. Food-producing animals are one of the major sources of human salmonellosis, and thus control of Salmonella at the farm level could reduce Salmonella spread in the food supply system. Genetic selection of pigs with resistance to Salmonella infection may be one way to control Salmonella on swine farms. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between genetic variants in the porcine innate immune system with on-farm Salmonella shedding and Salmonella colonization tested at slaughter. Fourteen groups of pigs (total 809) were followed from birth to slaughter. Fecal samples collected five times at different stages of production and tissue samples obtained from tonsil and lymph nodes at slaughter were cultured for Salmonella. Genomic DNA was extracted and analyzed for 40 single nucleotide variants and two indels within porcine innate immune genes that were previously associated with Salmonella infection or other infectious diseases. A survey was used to collect information on farm management practices. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression modelling method was used to identify SNVs that are associated with Salmonella shedding and/or Salmonella colonization. One single nucleotide variant in the C-type lectin MBL1 and one single nucleotide variant in the cytosolic pattern recognition receptor NOD1 was associated with increased risk of on-farm shedding (p = 0.010) and internal colonization tested at slaughter (p = 0.018), respectively. These findings indicate the potential of these variants for genetic selection programs aimed at controlling Salmonella shedding and colonization in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdolvahab Farzan
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Mohsen Jafarikia
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Canadian Center for Swine Improvement, Inc. 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.
| | - Brandon N Lillie
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nair S, Farzan A, O'Sullivan TL, Friendship RM. Time course of Salmonella shedding and antibody response in naturally infected pigs during grower-finisher stage. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2018; 82:139-145. [PMID: 29755194 PMCID: PMC5914076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A longitudinal trial was conducted to determine the course of Salmonella shedding and antibody response in naturally infected grower-finisher pigs. Ten-week-old pigs (n = 45) were transferred from a farm with history of salmonellosis and housed at a research facility. Weekly fecal samples (weeks 1 to 11) as well as tissue samples at slaughter were cultured for Salmonella. Serum samples were tested for presence of Salmonella antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model. Over 10 wk, 91% and 9% of pigs shed Salmonella ≤ 4 and > 5 times, respectively. The estimated median of Salmonella shedding duration was 3 to 4 wk but some pigs shed Salmonella for up to 8 wk. Salmonella shedding increased 1 wk post-arrival but followed a decreasing pattern afterwards up to week 11 (P < 0.05). Salmonella isolates (n = 29), which were recovered from 18 pigs at different occasions, were S. Typhimurium (28%), S. Livingstone (21%), S. Infantis (14%), S. Montevideo (7%), S. Benfica (3%), S. Amsterdam (3%), S. Senftenberg (17%), and S. I:Rough-O (7%). Of 11 pigs from which the first and last isolates were serotyped, 10 pigs were reinfected with a different serotype. At slaughter, Salmonella was isolated from 7 pigs, of which 5 (71%) had not tested positive for at least 7 wk prior to slaughter. Antibody response peaked 4 wk after the peak of Salmonella infection; Salmonella shedding reduced as antibody response elevated (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that pigs may shed Salmonella into the mid-point of the grower-finisher stage and may be reinfected with different serotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Nair
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Abdolvahab Farzan
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Terry L O'Sullivan
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Robert M Friendship
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shippy DC, Bearson BL, Holman DB, Brunelle BW, Allen HK, Bearson SMD. Porcine Response to a Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- Outbreak Isolate. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:253-261. [PMID: 29412766 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- has emerged as a common nontyphoidal Salmonella serovar to cause human foodborne illness. An interesting trait of serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- is that it only expresses the fliC gene for bacterial motility (i.e., monophasic), while most Salmonella strains alternately express two flagellin genes (fliC and fljB). The goal of this study was to characterize the porcine response following inoculation with a multidrug-resistant (MDR) serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- isolate associated with a multistate pork outbreak to determine if the increased prevalence of serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- in swine is due to enhanced pathogenicity. Pigs were inoculated and subsequently evaluated for the ability of the isolate to colonize intestinal tissues, cause clinical symptoms, induce an immune response, and alter the fecal microbiota over a 7-day period. Pigs exhibited a significant increase in rectal temperature (fever) (p < 0.01) and fecal moisture content (diarrhea) (p < 0.05) at 2 days postinoculation (d.p.i.) compared with preinoculation (day 0). Serum analyses revealed significantly increased interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels at 2 (p ≤ 0.0001) and 3 (p < 0.01) d.p.i. compared with day 0, and antibodies against Salmonella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were present in all pigs by 7 d.p.i. Serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- colonized porcine intestinal tissues and was shed in the feces throughout the 7-day study. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the fecal microbiota was significantly altered following MDR serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- inoculation, with the largest shift observed between 0 and 7 d.p.i. Our data indicate that the pork outbreak-associated MDR serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- isolate induced transient clinical disease in swine and perturbed the gastrointestinal microbial community. The porcine response to MDR serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- is similar to previous studies with virulent biphasic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, suggesting that the absence of fljB does not substantially alter acute colonization or pathogenesis in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Shippy
- 1 Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center , Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa
| | - Bradley L Bearson
- 2 Agroecosystems Management Research Unit, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Ames, Iowa
| | - Devin B Holman
- 1 Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center , Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa
| | - Brian W Brunelle
- 1 Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center , Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa
| | - Heather K Allen
- 1 Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center , Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa
| | - Shawn M D Bearson
- 1 Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center , Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gentilini MV, Pesce Viglietti AI, Arriola Benitez PC, Iglesias Molli AE, Cerrone GE, Giambartolomei GH, Delpino MV. Inhibition of Osteoblast Function by Brucella abortus is Reversed by Dehydroepiandrosterone and Involves ERK1/2 and Estrogen Receptor. Front Immunol 2018; 9:88. [PMID: 29434601 PMCID: PMC5790783 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus induces an inflammatory response that stimulates the endocrine system resulting in the secretion of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Osteoarticular brucellosis is the most common presentation of the active disease in humans, and we have previously demonstrated that B. abortus infection inhibits osteoblast function. We aimed to evaluate the role of cortisol and DHEA on osteoblast during B. abortus infection. B. abortus infection induces apoptosis and inhibits osteoblast function. DHEA treatment reversed the effect of B. abortus infection on osteoblast by increasing their proliferation, inhibiting osteoblast apoptosis, and reversing the inhibitory effect of B. abortus on osteoblast differentiation and function. By contrast, cortisol increased the effect of B. abortus infection. Cortisol regulates target genes by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). B. abortus infection inhibited GRα expression. Cell responses to cortisol not only depend on GR expression but also on its intracellular bioavailability, that is, dependent on the activity of the isoenzymes 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type-1, 11β-HSD2 (which convert cortisone to cortisol and vice versa, respectively). Alterations in the expression of these isoenzymes in bone cells are associated with bone loss. B. abortus infection increased 11β-HSD1 expression but had no effect on 11β-HSD2. DHEA reversed the inhibitory effect induced by B. abortus infection on osteoblast matrix deposition in an estrogen receptor- and ERK1/2-dependent manner. We conclude that DHEA intervention improves osteoblast function during B. abortus infection making it a potential candidate to ameliorate the osteoarticular symptoms of brucellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Virginia Gentilini
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ayelén Ivana Pesce Viglietti
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Andrea Elena Iglesias Molli
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gloria Edith Cerrone
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - María Victoria Delpino
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Molecular characterisation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Campylobacter jejuni faecal carriage by captured rangeland goats. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
28
|
Eicher SD, Rostagno MH, Lay DC. Feed withdrawal and transportation effects on Salmonella enterica levels in market-weight pigs. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:2848-2858. [PMID: 28727113 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed withdrawal and transport commonly occur together in pigs. Objectives of this study were to determine if these preslaughter stressors, feed withdrawal and transportation, affect the levels of , stress hormone concentrations, and immune functions in infected market pigs. A 2 × 2 factorial analysis of a randomized complete block design with feed withdrawal and transport as fixed effects was used. Sixty market-weight pigs were individually inoculated with serovar Typhimurium. The experiment was replicated 3 times (blocking factor) with 20 pigs per replicate. Three days after inoculation, the pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments (5 pigs per treatment in each/replicate), including 1) control (Control; or no stress), 2) feed withdrawal for 12 h (FW), 3) transportation for 2 h (T), and 4) feed withdrawal for 12 h followed by transportation for 2 h (FWT). Feed withdrawal by itself or followed by transportation caused an increase of levels in ileal contents ( < 0.05), whereas only FWT caused an increase of levels in cecal contents ( < 0.05). Rectal contents (feces) consistently contained very low levels of , with no difference among treatments ( > 0.10). Cortisol increased in pigs from all 3 stress treatments ( < 0.001), with T and FWT pigs having greater concentrations than Control pigs ( < 0.05), although total white blood cell counts were lower for FWT pigs compared with Controls ( > 0.03). Each granulocyte percentage (neutrophil, eosinophils, and basophils) increased ( < 0.05) following transport but was attenuated ( > 0.05) by feed withdrawal with transport. Lymphocytes were suppressed ( < 0.05) by all stressors, and the greatest suppression occurred when pigs were transported (T and FWT). However, monocytes were suppressed ( < 0.05) compared with Controls only by FWT. Expression of IL-1 (produced by monocytes/macrophages) from the spleen cells increased ( < 0.05) with FW compared with Controls, whereas its receptor antagonist was suppressed by FWT ( < 0.05). It is concluded that some typical preslaughter practices, such as feed withdrawal and transportation, lead to greater intestinal levels and gut-associated lymphoid tissue markers of inflammation in market pigs and, consequently, to an increased food safety risk.
Collapse
|
29
|
Ngo Ndjom CG, Kantor LV, Jones HP. CRH Affects the Phenotypic Expression of Sepsis-Associated Virulence Factors by Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 1 In vitro. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:263. [PMID: 28690980 PMCID: PMC5479890 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening health condition caused by infectious pathogens of the respiratory tract, and accounts for 28–50% of annual deaths in the US alone. Current treatment regimen advocates the use of corticosteroids as adjunct treatment with antibiotics, for their broad inhibitory effect on the activity and production of pro-inflammatory mediators. However, despite their use, corticosteroids have not proven to be able to reverse the death incidence among septic patients. We have previously demonstrated the potential for neuroendocrine factors to directly influence Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence, which may in turn mediate disease outcome leading to sepsis and septic shock. The current study investigated the role of Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in mediating key markers of pneumococcal virulence as important phenotypic determinants of sepsis and septic shock risks. In vitro cultures of serotype 1 pneumococcal strain with CRH promoted growth rate, increased capsule thickness and penicillin resistance, as well as induced pneumolysin gene expression. These results thus provide significant insights of CRH–pathogen interactions useful in understanding the underlying mechanisms of neuroendocrine factor's role in the onset of community acquired pneumonias (CAP), sepsis and septic shock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colette G Ngo Ndjom
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Lindsay V Kantor
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Harlan P Jones
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Baxter MFA, Merino-Guzman R, Latorre JD, Mahaffey BD, Yang Y, Teague KD, Graham LE, Wolfenden AD, Hernandez-Velasco X, Bielke LR, Hargis BM, Tellez G. Optimizing Fluorescein Isothiocyanate Dextran Measurement As a Biomarker in a 24-h Feed Restriction Model to Induce Gut Permeability in Broiler Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:56. [PMID: 28470003 PMCID: PMC5396023 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) is a 3–5 kDa marker used to measure tight junction permeability. We have previously shown that intestinal barrier function can be adversely affected by stress, poorly digested diets, or feed restriction (FR), resulting in increased intestinal inflammation-associated permeability. However, further optimization adjustments of the current FITC-d methodology are possible to enhance precision and efficacy of results in future. The objective of the present study was to optimize our current model to obtain a larger difference between control and treated groups, by optimizing the FITC-d measurement as a biomarker in a 24-h FR model to induce gut permeability in broiler chickens. One in vitro and four in vivo independent experiments were conducted. The results of the present study suggest that by increasing the dose of FITC-d (8.32 versus 4.16 mg/kg); shortening the collection time of blood samples (1 versus 2.5 h); using a pool of non-FITC-d serum as a blank, compared to previously used PBS; adding a standard curve to set a limit of detection and modifying the software’s optimal sensitivity value, it was possible to obtain more consistent and reliable results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikayla F A Baxter
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Ruben Merino-Guzman
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan D Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Brittany D Mahaffey
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Yichao Yang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Kyle D Teague
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Lucas E Graham
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Amanda D Wolfenden
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lisa R Bielke
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Billy M Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Guillermo Tellez
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Singh V, Finke-Isami J, Hopper-Chidlaw AC, Schwerk P, Thompson A, Tedin K. Salmonella Co-opts Host Cell Chaperone-mediated Autophagy for Intracellular Growth. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:1847-1864. [PMID: 27932462 PMCID: PMC5290957 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.759456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica are invasive intracellular pathogens that replicate within a membrane-bound compartment inside infected host cells known as the Salmonella-containing vacuole. How Salmonella obtains nutrients for growth within this intracellular niche despite the apparent isolation is currently not known. Recent studies have indicated the importance of glucose and related carbon sources for tissue colonization and intracellular proliferation within host cells during Salmonella infections, although none have been found to be essential. We found that wild-type Salmonella are capable of replicating within infected host cells in the absence of both exogenous sugars and/or amino acids. Furthermore, mutants defective in glucose uptake or dependent upon peptides for growth also showed no significant loss in intracellular replication, suggesting host-derived peptides can supply both carbon units and amino acids. Here, we show that intracellular Salmonella recruit the host proteins LAMP-2A and Hsc73, key components of the host protein turnover pathway known as chaperone-mediated autophagy involved in transport of cytosolic proteins to the lysosome for degradation. Host-derived peptides are shown to provide a significant contribution toward the intracellular growth of Salmonella The results reveal a means whereby intracellular Salmonella gain access to the host cell cytosol from within its membrane-bound compartment to acquire nutrients. Furthermore, this study provides an explanation as to how Salmonella evades activation of autophagy mechanisms as part of the innate immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Singh
- From the Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Finke-Isami
- From the Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Peter Schwerk
- From the Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arthur Thompson
- the Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Karsten Tedin
- From the Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Association between pigs with high caecal Salmonella loads and carcass contamination. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 242:82-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
33
|
Gart EV, Suchodolski JS, Welsh TH, Alaniz RC, Randel RD, Lawhon SD. Salmonella Typhimurium and Multidirectional Communication in the Gut. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1827. [PMID: 27920756 PMCID: PMC5118420 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian digestive tract is home to trillions of microbes, including bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi, and viruses. In monogastric mammals the stomach and small intestine harbor diverse bacterial populations but are typically less populated than the colon. The gut bacterial community (microbiota hereafter) varies widely among different host species and individuals within a species. It is influenced by season of the year, age of the host, stress and disease. Ideally, the host and microbiota benefit each other. The host provides nutrients to the microbiota and the microbiota assists the host with digestion and nutrient metabolism. The resident microbiota competes with pathogens for space and nutrients and, through this competition, protects the host in a phenomenon called colonization resistance. The microbiota participates in development of the host immune system, particularly regulation of autoimmunity and mucosal immune response. The microbiota also shapes gut–brain communication and host responses to stress; and, indeed, the microbiota is a newly recognized endocrine organ within mammalian hosts. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium hereafter) is a food-borne pathogen which adapts to and alters the gastrointestinal (GI) environment. In the GI tract, S. Typhimurium competes with the microbiota for nutrients and overcomes colonization resistance to establish infection. To do this, S. Typhimurium uses multiple defense mechanisms to resist environmental stressors, like the acidic pH of the stomach, and virulence mechanisms which allow it to invade the intestinal epithelium and disseminate throughout the host. To coordinate gene expression and disrupt signaling within the microbiota and between host and microbiota, S. Typhimurium employs its own chemical signaling and may regulate host hormone metabolism. This review will discuss the multidirectional interaction between S. Typhimurium, host and microbiota as well as mechanisms that allow S. Typhimurium to succeed in the gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Gart
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station TX, USA
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station TX, USA
| | - Thomas H Welsh
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station TX, USA
| | - Robert C Alaniz
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station TX, USA
| | | | - Sara D Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
For the important foodborne pathogen Salmonella enterica to cause disease or persist in pigs, it has evolved an intricate set of interactions between itself, the host, and the indigenous microflora of the host. S. enterica must evade the host's immune system and must also overcome colonization resistance mediated by the pig's indigenous microflora. The inflammatory response against S. enterica provides the bacteria with unique metabolites and is thus exploited by S. enterica for competitive advantage. During infection, changes in the composition of the indigenous microflora occur that have been associated with a breakdown in colonization resistance. Healthy pigs that are low-level shedders of S. enterica also exhibit alterations in their indigenous microflora similar to those in ill animals. Here we review the literature on the interactions that occur between swine, S. enterica, and the indigenous microflora and discuss methods to reduce or prevent colonization of pigs with S. enterica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea 31116;
| | - Richard E Isaacson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108;
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bearson SMD, Bearson BL, Loving CL, Allen HK, Lee I, Madson D, Kehrli ME. Prophylactic Administration of Vector-Encoded Porcine Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor Reduces Salmonella Shedding, Tonsil Colonization, and Microbiota Alterations of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Salmonella-Challenged Swine. Front Vet Sci 2016; 3:66. [PMID: 27610361 PMCID: PMC4996822 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella colonization of food animals is a concern for animal health and public health as a food safety risk. Various obstacles impede the effort to reduce asymptomatic Salmonella carriage in food animals, including the existence of numerous serovars and the ubiquitous nature of Salmonella. To develop an intervention strategy that is non-specific yet effective against diverse Salmonella serovars, we explored the prophylactic use of a cytokine to decrease Salmonella in swine by boosting the host’s innate immune system. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is the major cytokine regulating the production, differentiation, function, and survival of neutrophils. Neutrophils play a critical role in the response to Salmonella; therefore, we evaluated the vectored-delivery of porcine G-CSF as a prophylactic to reduce Salmonella in pigs. Crossbred pigs, 5 weeks of age, were intramuscularly injected with a replication-defective human adenovirus (Ad5) engineered to express porcine G-CSF (Ad5-G-CSF, n = 9). Control pigs received the same Ad5 vector lacking the gene encoding G-CSF (Ad5-empty, n = 7). Four days later, all pigs (n = 16) were intranasally inoculated with 1 × 107 colony forming unit (CFU) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium UK1. At 2 and 3 days post-challenge with Salmonella, Ad5-G-CSF-treated pigs shed significantly less Salmonella (~103 CFU/g) in their feces than Ad5-empty-treated pigs (~104–105 CFU/g; P < 0.05). A significant 4-log reduction in tonsil colonization was also observed in the Ad5-G-CSF-treated pigs at 7 days post-challenge (P < 0.05). In the gastrointestinal tract, the Peyer’s patch region of the ileum exhibited a significant 0.5-log reduction in colonization in the Ad5-G-CSF-treated pigs (P < 0.05). The microbiota of all challenged pigs was assessed by sequencing and analyzing the V1–V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene from fecal DNA samples. The microbial community structure of Salmonella-challenged pigs was less disturbed post-challenge in the Ad5-G-CSF-treated pigs than the Ad5-empty-treated pigs. This suggests that Ad5-G-CSF administration mitigated changes in the microbial community structure caused by Salmonella challenge. Collectively, these data suggest that delivery of a targeted immunostimulant to enhance neutropoiesis may be a strategy to reduce Salmonella colonization, potentially during periods of immunological stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M D Bearson
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA , Ames, IA , USA
| | - Bradley L Bearson
- Agroecosystems Management Research Unit, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, ARS, USDA , Ames, IA , USA
| | - Crystal L Loving
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA , Ames, IA , USA
| | - Heather K Allen
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA , Ames, IA , USA
| | - InSoo Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Hannam University , Daejeon , South Korea
| | - Darin Madson
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University , Ames, IA , USA
| | - Marcus E Kehrli
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA , Ames, IA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Maes D, Pluym L, Peltoniemi O. Impact of group housing of pregnant sows on health. Porcine Health Manag 2016; 2:17. [PMID: 28405443 PMCID: PMC5382512 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-016-0032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Group housing of sows during gestation is mandatory in the EU since 2013. Compared to housing in individual crates, group housing allows the animals to express normal activity and behavior. The present paper discusses the impact of group housing on health, with emphasis on lameness, aggression and possible spread of infectious diseases. The prevalence of lameness is generally higher in sows housed in group than in sows housed individually. Floor space per sow, group size, pen design and flooring are the main factors of group housing involved in lameness development. Especially floor characteristics are important, and particular attention should be paid to the type, building material and quality of the floor, hygiene and the use of bedding such as straw or rubber mats. Aggression between sows is another critical issue in group housing systems. It occurs predominantly because of competition for access to a limited resource, or to establish a social hierarchy. Key factors to prevent aggression in group housing include gradual familiarization of unfamiliar animals, sufficient space and pen structure during initial mixing, minimizing opportunities for dominant sows to steal food from subordinates, provision of a good quality floor, environmental enrichment and use of straw bedding. Very scarce evidence-based information is available on the relationship between group housing and infectious disease. Compared to individual housing, sows in group housing have more nose-to-nose contact, and they have more oral contact with feces and urine. These factors could contribute to a higher or faster transmission of pathogens, but so far, there is no evidence showing more disease problems in group housing systems. In conclusion, in group housing systems, particular attention should be paid to prevention of lameness and aggression. Management is crucial but also feeding strategies, floor and bedding, and design of housing are very important as relatively minor adjustments may exert major effects on the animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominiek Maes
- Unit of Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Pluym
- Unit of Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Present address: Belpork vzw, Koning Albert II-laan 35 Bus 54, 1030 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olli Peltoniemi
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Subtherapeutic tetracycline concentrations aggravateSalmonellaTyphimurium infection by increasing bacterial virulence. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:2158-66. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|
38
|
Abstract
Host stress is well known to result in flare-ups of many bacterial, viral and parasitic infections. The mechanism by which host stress is exploited to increase pathogen loads, is poorly understood. Here we show that Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium employs a dedicated mechanism, driven by the scsA gene, to respond to the host stress hormone cortisol. Through this mechanism, cortisol increases Salmonella proliferation inside macrophages, resulting in increased intestinal infection loads in DBA/2J mice. ScsA directs overall Salmonella virulence gene expression under conditions that mimic the intramacrophagic environment of Salmonella, and stimulates the host cytoskeletal alterations that are required for increased Salmonella proliferation inside cortisol exposed macrophages. We thus provide evidence that in a stressed host, the complex interplay between a pathogen and its host endocrine and innate immune system increases intestinal pathogen loads to facilitate pathogen dispersal.
Collapse
|
39
|
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Robarge
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bearson BL. Molecular Profiling: Catecholamine Modulation of Gene Expression in Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 874:167-82. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20215-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
41
|
Verbrugghe E, Van Parys A, Leyman B, Boyen F, Haesebrouck F, Pasmans F. HtpG contributes to Salmonella Typhimurium intestinal persistence in pigs. Vet Res 2015; 46:118. [PMID: 26466674 PMCID: PMC4606523 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellaenterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella Typhimurium) contamination of pork, is one of the major sources of human salmonellosis. The bacterium is able to persist and hide in asymptomatic carrier animals, generating a reservoir for Salmonella transmission to other animals and humans. Mechanisms involved in Salmonella persistence in pigs remain poorly understood. In the present study, we demonstrate that the SalmonellahtpG gene, encoding a homologue of the eukaryotic heat shock protein 90, contributes to Salmonella Typhimurium persistence in intestine-associated tissues of pigs, but not in the tonsils. HtpG does not seem to play an important role during the acute phase of infection. The contribution to persistence was shown to be associated with htpG-dependent Salmonella invasion and survival in porcine enterocytes and macrophages. These results reveal the role of HtpG as a virulence factor contributing to Salmonella persistence in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elin Verbrugghe
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Alexander Van Parys
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium. .,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bregje Leyman
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium. .,Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Filip Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Microencapsulated Sorbic Acid and Pure Botanicals Affect Salmonella Typhimurium Shedding in Pigs: A Close-Up Look from Weaning to Slaughter in Controlled and Field Conditions. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
43
|
Artuso-Ponte V, Moeller S, Rajala-Schultz P, Medardus JJ, Munyalo J, Lim K, Gebreyes WA. Supplementation with Quaternary Benzo(c)phenanthridine Alkaloids Decreased Salivary Cortisol and Salmonella Shedding in Pigs After Transportation to the Slaughterhouse. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015; 12:891-7. [PMID: 26393495 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at evaluating the effect of herbal extracts supplementation, particularly quaternary-benzo(c)phenanthridine alkaloids (QBA), which have been previously demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immune-modulator effects. We investigated the role of QBA on stress response and Salmonella shedding in finishing pigs transported to the slaughterhouse. A total of 82 pigs were orally challenged with a Salmonella cocktail (day 0) containing Salmonella Meleagridis, Hartford, Bovismorbificans and Newport serovars and randomly assigned to three treatment groups after 2 wks (day [D] 14): T1, in-feed QBA; T2, in-feed and water-soluble QBA; CON, nonsupplemented). Pigs were transported to the slaughterhouse 2 weeks after intervention (D 28) and slaughtered after nearly 19 h (D 29). Saliva, fecal samples, and carcass swabs were collected from all pigs. Salivary cortisol, Salmonella shedding, and carcass contamination were measured. A high positive correlation (Spearman rank correlation coefficient range 0.82-0.93) between salivary cortisol and Salmonella shedding was found after transportation in all groups (p < 0.05). Only the CON group showed an increase in salivary cortisol after transportation (5.48 ng/mL; p < 0.0001) to concentrations that were higher than in T1 (2.73 ng/mL; p = 0.0002) and T2 (1.88 ng/mL; p < 0.0001). Salmonella prevalence and shedding decreased after transportation in pigs receiving the QBA intervention (p < 0.05), whereas the control group showed a significant increase in Salmonella shedding after transportation (p = 0.04). At D 28, pigs in T2 shed lower numbers of Salmonella as compared to T1 (1.3E + 02 CFU/mL versus 8E + 03 CFU/mL; p = 0.002). Additionally, carcass contamination by Salmonella was higher in the CON group than the treated groups (p = 0.01). The findings show QBA intervention was effective in reducing transportation stress of pigs, resulting in reduced Salmonella shedding and positively impacting animal welfare and pork safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Artuso-Ponte
- 1 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Steven Moeller
- 2 Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Paivi Rajala-Schultz
- 1 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Julius J Medardus
- 1 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Janet Munyalo
- 1 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kelvin Lim
- 1 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Wondwossen A Gebreyes
- 1 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli promotes intestinal colonization of Salmonella enterica. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 43:1-7. [PMID: 26616654 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of infantile and travellers' diarrhoea, which poses a serious health burden, especially in developing countries. In addition, ETEC bacteria are a major cause of illness and death in neonatal and recently weaned pigs. The production of a heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) promotes the colonization and pathogenicity of ETEC and may exacerbate co-infections with other enteric pathogens such as Salmonella enterica. We showed that the intraintestinal presence of LT dramatically increased the intestinal Salmonella Typhimurium load in experimentally inoculated pigs. This could not be explained by direct alteration of the invasion or survival capacity of Salmonella in enterocytes, in vitro. However, we demonstrated that LT affects the enteric mucus layer composition in a mucus-secreting goblet cell line by significantly decreasing the expression of mucin 4. The current results show that LT alters the intestinal mucus composition and aggravates a Salmonella Typhimurium infection, which may result in the exacerbation of the diarrhoeal illness.
Collapse
|
45
|
Sandrini S, Aldriwesh M, Alruways M, Freestone P. Microbial endocrinology: host-bacteria communication within the gut microbiome. J Endocrinol 2015; 225:R21-34. [PMID: 25792117 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The human body is home to trillions of micro-organisms, which are increasingly being shown to have significant effects on a variety of disease states. Evidence exists that a bidirectional communication is taking place between us and our microbiome co-habitants, and that this dialogue is capable of influencing our health in a variety of ways. This review considers how host hormonal signals shape the microbiome, and what in return the microbiome residents may be signalling to their hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sandrini
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Maurice Shock Medical Sciences Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Marwh Aldriwesh
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Maurice Shock Medical Sciences Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Mashael Alruways
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Maurice Shock Medical Sciences Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Primrose Freestone
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Maurice Shock Medical Sciences Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ndjom CGN, Jones HP. CRH promotes S. pneumoniae growth in vitro and increases lung carriage in mice. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:279. [PMID: 25904910 PMCID: PMC4389549 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), a commensal across the nasal passages, is responsible for the majority of infectious pneumonia cases worldwide. Previous studies have shown that hormonal factors may be influential in regulating S. pneumoniae’s transition from a non-pathogen to a pathogenic state. The current study investigated the effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a peptide hormone involved in stress, on the pathogenicity of S. pneumoniae. Mice were infected with CRH-treated S. pneumoniae via intranasal route, showing an increase in pulmonary bacterial burden. We also quantified S. pneumoniae’s response to CRH through limited serial dilutions and growth curve analysis. We demonstrated that CRH promotes S. pneumoniae titer-dependent proliferation, as well as accelerates log-phase growth. Results also showed an increase in pneumococcal-associated virulence protein A virulence gene expression in response to CRH. These results demonstrate a role for CRH in S. pneumoniae pathogenicity, thus implicating CRH in mediating the transition of S. pneumoniae into a pathogenic state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colette G Ngo Ndjom
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX USA ; Center for Biotechnology Education, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Harlan P Jones
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Albino LA, Rostagno MH, Húngaro HM, Mendonça RC. Isolation, Characterization, and Application of Bacteriophages for Salmonella spp. Biocontrol in Pigs. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:602-9. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz A.A. Albino
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos H. Rostagno
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Humberto M. Húngaro
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Regina C.S. Mendonça
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Scharek-Tedin L, Pieper R, Vahjen W, Tedin K, Neumann K, Zentek J. Bacillus cereus var. Toyoi modulates the immune reaction and reduces the occurrence of diarrhea in piglets challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium DT1041. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:5696-704. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Scharek-Tedin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Pieper
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - W. Vahjen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Tedin
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Neumann
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhang G, Ducatelle R, Pasmans F, D’Herde K, Huang L, Smet A, Haesebrouck F, Flahou B. Effects of Helicobacter suis γ-glutamyl transpeptidase on lymphocytes: modulation by glutamine and glutathione supplementation and outer membrane vesicles as a putative delivery route of the enzyme. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77966. [PMID: 24147103 PMCID: PMC3797756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter (H.) suis colonizes the stomach of the majority of pigs as well as a minority of humans worldwide. Infection causes chronic inflammation in the stomach of the host, however without an effective clearance of the bacteria. Currently, no information is available about possible mechanisms H. suis utilizes to interfere with the host immune response. This study describes the effect on various lymphocytes of the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) from H. suis. Compared to whole cell lysate from wild-type H. suis, lysate from a H. suis ggt mutant strain showed a decrease of the capacity to inhibit Jurkat T cell proliferation. Incubation of Jurkat T cells with recombinantly expressed H. suis GGT resulted in an impaired proliferation, and cell death was shown to be involved. A similar but more pronounced inhibitory effect was also seen on primary murine CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and CD19(+) B cells. Supplementation with known GGT substrates was able to modulate the observed effects. Glutamine restored normal proliferation of the cells, whereas supplementation with reduced glutathione strengthened the H. suis GGT-mediated inhibition of proliferation. H. suis GGT treatment abolished secretion of IL-4 and IL-17 by CD4(+) T cells, without affecting secretion of IFN-γ. Finally, H. suis outer membrane vesicles (OMV) were identified as a possible delivery route of H. suis GGT to lymphocytes residing in the deeper mucosal layers. Thus far, this study is the first to report that the effects on lymphocytes of this enzyme, not only important for H. suis metabolism but also for that of other Helicobacter species, depend on the degradation of two specific substrates: glutamine and reduced glutatione. This will provide new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of H. suis infection in particular and infection with gastric helicobacters in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Katharina D’Herde
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liping Huang
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bram Flahou
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Berriman ADC, Clancy D, Clough HE, Armstrong D, Christley RM. Effectiveness of simulated interventions in reducing the estimated prevalence of Salmonella in UK pig herds. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66054. [PMID: 23840399 PMCID: PMC3695987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp are a major foodborne zoonotic cause of human illness. Consumption of pork products is believed to be a major source of human salmonellosis and Salmonella control throughout the food-chain is recommended. A number of on-farm interventions have been proposed, and some have been implemented in order to try to achieve Salmonella control. In this study we utilize previously developed models describing Salmonella dynamics to investigate the potential effects of a range of these on-farm interventions. As the models indicated that the number of bacteria shed in the faeces of an infectious animal was a key factor, interventions applied within a high-shedding scenario were also analysed. From simulation of the model, the probability of infection after Salmonella exposure was found to be a key driver of Salmonella transmission. The model also highlighted that minimising physiological stress can have a large effect but only when shedding levels are not excessive. When shedding was high, weekly cleaning and disinfection was not effective in Salmonella control. However it is possible that cleaning may have an effect if conducted more often. Furthermore, separating infectious animals, shedding bacteria at a high rate, from the rest of the population was found to be able to minimise the spread of Salmonella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. C. Berriman
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Damian Clancy
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E. Clough
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert M. Christley
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, Cheshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|