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Memet O, Cao C, Hu H, Dun Y, Bao X, Liu F, Zhang L, Zhou J, Shen J. Galectin-3 inhibition ameliorates alveolar epithelial cell pyroptosis in phosgene-induced acute lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111965. [PMID: 38583242 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Phosgene is a type of poisonous gas that can cause acute lung injury (ALI) upon accidental exposure. Casualties still occur due to phosgene-induced acute lung injury (P-ALI) from accidents resulting from improper operations. The pathological mechanisms of P-ALI are still understudied. Thus, we performed scRNA-seq on cells isolated from all subpopulations of the BALF in P-ALI and found that Gal3 expression was significantly higher in the gas group than in the control group. Further analysis revealed a ligand-receptor correspondence between alveolar macrophages (AMs) and alveolar epithelial cells (AEC), with Gal3 playing a key role in this interaction. To confirm and elaborate on this discovery, we selected four time points during the previous week: sham (day 0), day 1, day 3, and day 7 in the P-ALI mouse model and found that Gal3 expression was significantly elevated in P-ALI, most abundantly expressed in AM cells. This was further confirmed with the use of a Gal3 inhibitor. The inhibition of Gal3 and elimination of AMs in mice both attenuated epithelial cell pyroptosis, as confirmed in in vitro experiments, and revealed the Gal3/caspase-8/GSDMD signaling pathway. These findings suggest that Galectin-3 inhibition can ameliorate AEC pyroptosis by inhibiting the Gal3/caspase-8/GSDMD signaling pathway, thus reducing alveolar damage in mice with P-ALI. This finding provides novel insights for improving treatment efficacy for P-ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obulkasim Memet
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China.
| | - Chao Cao
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Hanbing Hu
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yu Dun
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Xuanrong Bao
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Fuli Liu
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China.
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Portacci A, Iorillo I, Maselli L, Amendolara M, Quaranta VN, Dragonieri S, Carpagnano GE. The Role of Galectins in Asthma Pathophysiology: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4271-4285. [PMID: 38785528 PMCID: PMC11119966 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a group of β-galactoside-binding proteins with several roles in immune response, cellular adhesion, and inflammation development. Current evidence suggest that these proteins could play a crucial role in many respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, and respiratory infections. From this standpoint, an increasing body of evidence have recognized galectins as potential biomarkers involved in several aspects of asthma pathophysiology. Among them, galectin-3 (Gal-3), galectin-9 (Gal-9), and galectin-10 (Gal-10) are the most extensively studied in human and animal asthma models. These galectins can affect T helper 2 (Th2) and non-Th2 inflammation, mucus production, airway responsiveness, and bronchial remodeling. Nevertheless, while higher Gal-3 and Gal-9 concentrations are associated with a stronger degree of Th-2 phlogosis, Gal-10, which forms Charcot-Leyden Crystals (CLCs), correlates with sputum eosinophilic count, interleukin-5 (IL-5) production, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) secretion. Finally, several galectins have shown potential in clinical response monitoring after inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and biologic therapies, confirming their potential role as reliable biomarkers in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Portacci
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Ilaria Iorillo
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Leonardo Maselli
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Monica Amendolara
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | | | - Silvano Dragonieri
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
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Xu Q, Cao Y, Kong F, Liu J, Chen X, Zhao Y, Lai CH, Zhou X, Hu H, Fu W, Chen J, Yang J. Multiple cancer cell types release LIF and Gal3 to hijack neural signals. Cell Res 2024; 34:345-354. [PMID: 38467743 PMCID: PMC11061112 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-024-00946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural signals can significantly influence cancer prognosis. However, how cancer cells may proactively modulate the nervous system to benefit their own survival is incompletely understood. In this study, we report an overlapping pattern of brain responses, including that in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, in multiple mouse models of peripheral cancers. A multi-omic screening then identifies leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and galectin-3 (Gal3) as the key cytokines released by these cancer cell types to trigger brain activation. Importantly, increased plasma levels of these two cytokines are observed in patients with different cancers. We further demonstrate that pharmacologic or genetic blockage of cancer cell-derived LIF or Gal3 signaling abolishes the brain responses and strongly inhibits tumor growth. In addition, ablation of peripheral sympathetic actions can similarly restore antitumor immunity. These results have elucidated a novel, shared mechanism of multiple cancer cell types hijacking the nervous system to promote tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanni Kong
- Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chin-Hui Lai
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center, Beijing, China.
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Xiao H, Wang T, Gao B, Liu J, Li S, Ma J. The effects of a galectin-3 inhibitor on bladder pain syndrome in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Neurourol Urodyn 2024; 43:754-766. [PMID: 38356381 DOI: 10.1002/nau.25415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the effect of blocking galectin-3 in the bladder pain syndrome associated with interstitial cystitis. METHODS A galectin-3 inhibitor was used to treat mice with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. The expression of galectin-3 in bladder tissues and urine was examined by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Suprapubic-pelvic pain, bladder voiding, bladder pain-like nociceptive behavior, and referred hyperalgesia were assessed. The weights of the bladders were also measured, and inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokine levels were examined by histopathological evaluation. The inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β), nerve growth factor (NGF), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Increases in galectin-3 levels, inflammation, bladder weight, and bladder pain-related symptoms were observed in bladders with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Administration of the galectin-3 inhibitor significantly mitigated bladder pain-related symptoms and inflammatory response. In response to the 500 μM dose of the galectin-3 inhibitor, nociceptive behaviors, nociceptive score, and bladder-to-body weight ratios were reduced by 65.1%, 65.3%, and 40.3%, respectively, while 500 μM Gal-3 inhibitor increased pelvic pain threshold by 86.7%. Moreover, galectin-3 inhibitor treatment inhibited the inflammation. Compared to untreated CYP-induced mice, there were significant changes in the levels of IL-1β (41.72 ± 2.05 vs. 18.91 ± 2.26 pg/mg tissues), NGF (9.64 ± 0.38 vs. 1.88 ± 0.05 pg/mg tissues), IL-6 (42.67 + 1.51 vs. 21.26 + 2.78 pg/mg tissues, and TNF-α (22.02 ± 1.08 vs. 10.70 ± 0.80 pg/mg tissues) in response to the highest dose of the Gal-3 inhibitor subgroup (500 μM), and 500 μM Gal-3 inhibitor reduced mast cell infiltration ratios by 71.8%. CONCLUSIONS The galectin-3 inhibitor relieved pelvic pain, urinary symptoms, and bladder inflammation in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Thus, galectin-3 inhibitors may be novel agents in interstitial cystitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Xiao
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Junjiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shoubin Li
- Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianguo Ma
- Department of Urology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Udoye CC, Ehlers M, Manz RA. The B Cell Response and Formation of Allergenic and Anti-Allergenic Antibodies in Food Allergy. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1501. [PMID: 38132327 PMCID: PMC10740584 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Food allergies are a growing public health concern worldwide, especially in children and young adults. Allergen-specific IgE plays a central role in the pathogenesis of food allergies, but their titers poorly correlate with allergy development. Host immune systems yield allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgE and IgG subclasses with low or high affinities and differential Fc N-glycosylation patterns that can affect the allergic reaction to food in multiple ways. High-affinity IgE is required to induce strong mast cell activation eventually leading to allergic anaphylaxis, while low-affinity IgE can even inhibit the development of clinically relevant allergic symptoms. IgA and IgG antibodies can inhibit IgE-mediated mast cell activation through various mechanisms, thereby protecting IgE-positive individuals from allergy development. The production of IgE and IgG with differential allergenic potential seems to be affected by the signaling strength of individual B cell receptors, and by cytokines from T cells. This review provides an overview of the diversity of the B cell response and the diverse roles of antibodies in food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C. Udoye
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marc Ehlers
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rudolf A. Manz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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Nikitopoulou I, Vassiliou AG, Athanasiou N, Jahaj E, Akinosoglou K, Dimopoulou I, Orfanos SE, Dimakopoulou V, Schinas G, Tzouvelekis A, Aidinis V, Kotanidou A. Increased Levels of Galectin-3 in Critical COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15833. [PMID: 37958814 PMCID: PMC10650562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 is related to hyperinflammation and multiple organ injury, including respiratory failure, thus requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Galectin-3, a carbohydrate-binding protein exhibiting pleiotropic effects, has been previously recognized to participate in inflammation, the immune response to infections and fibrosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between galectin-3 and the clinical severity of COVID-19, as well as assess the prognostic accuracy of galectin-3 for the probability of ICU mortality. The study included 235 COVID-19 patients with active disease, treated in two different Greek hospitals in total. Our results showed that median galectin-3 serum levels on admission were significantly increased in critical COVID-19 patients (7.2 ng/mL), as compared to the median levels of patients with less severe disease (2.9 ng/mL, p = 0.003). Galectin-3 levels of the non-survivors hospitalized in the ICU were significantly higher than those of the survivors (median 9.1 ng/mL versus 5.8 ng/mL, p = 0.001). The prognostic accuracy of galectin-3 for the probability of ICU mortality was studied with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and a multivariate analysis further demonstrated that galectin-3 concentration at hospital admission could be assumed as an independent risk factor associated with ICU mortality. Our results were validated with galectin-3 measurements in a second patient cohort from a different Greek university hospital. Our results, apart from strongly confirming and advancing previous knowledge with two patient cohorts, explore the possibility of predicting ICU mortality, which could provide useful information to clinicians. Therefore, galectin-3 seems to establish its involvement in the prognosis of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, suggesting that it could serve as a promising biomarker in critical COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Nikitopoulou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (I.N.); (A.G.V.); (N.A.); (E.J.); (I.D.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Alice G. Vassiliou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (I.N.); (A.G.V.); (N.A.); (E.J.); (I.D.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Nikolaos Athanasiou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (I.N.); (A.G.V.); (N.A.); (E.J.); (I.D.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Edison Jahaj
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (I.N.); (A.G.V.); (N.A.); (E.J.); (I.D.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Karolina Akinosoglou
- Division of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (K.A.); (V.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Ioanna Dimopoulou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (I.N.); (A.G.V.); (N.A.); (E.J.); (I.D.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Stylianos E. Orfanos
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (I.N.); (A.G.V.); (N.A.); (E.J.); (I.D.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Vasiliki Dimakopoulou
- Division of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (K.A.); (V.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Georgios Schinas
- Division of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (K.A.); (V.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Argyrios Tzouvelekis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Institute of Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece;
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (I.N.); (A.G.V.); (N.A.); (E.J.); (I.D.); (S.E.O.)
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7
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Alvarez CA, Qian E, Glendenning LM, Reynero KM, Kukan EN, Cobb BA. Acute and chronic lung inflammation drives changes in epithelial glycans. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1167908. [PMID: 37283757 PMCID: PMC10239862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1167908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Asthma is the most common chronic inflammatory disease and it is characterized by leukocyte infiltration and tissue remodeling, with the latter generally referring to collagen deposition and epithelial hyperplasia. Changes in hyaluronin production have also been demonstrated, while mutations in fucosyltransferases reportedly limit asthmatic inflammation. Methods Given the importance of glycans in cellular communication and to better characterize tissue glycosylation changes associated with asthma, we performed a comparative glycan analysis of normal and inflamed lungs from a selection of murine asthma models. Results We found that among other changes, the most consistent was an increase in fucose-α1,3-N-acetylglucosamine (Fuc-α1,3-GlcNAc) and fucose-α1,2-galactose (Fuc-α1,2-Gal) motifs. Increases in terminal galactose and N-glycan branching were also seen in some cases, whereas no overall change in O-GalNAc glycans was observed. Increased Muc5AC was found in acute but not chronic models, and only the more human-like triple antigen model yielded increased sulfated galactose motifs. We also found that human A549 airway epithelial cells stimulated in culture showed similar increases in Fuc-α1,2-Gal, terminal galactose (Gal), and sulfated Gal, and this matched transcriptional upregulation of the α1,2-fucosyltransferase Fut2 and the α1,3-fucosyltransferases Fut4 and Fut7. Conclusions These data suggest that airway epithelial cells directly respond to allergens by increasing glycan fucosylation, a known modification important for the recruitment of eosinophils and neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Alvarez
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Emily Qian
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Hathaway Brown High School, Beachwood, OH, United States
| | - Leandre M. Glendenning
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kalob M. Reynero
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Emily N. Kukan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Brian A. Cobb
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
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8
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Plattner K, Bachmann MF, Vogel M. On the complexity of IgE: The role of structural flexibility and glycosylation for binding its receptors. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1117611. [PMID: 37056355 PMCID: PMC10089267 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1117611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays a crucial role in atopy by binding to two types of Fcε receptors (FcεRI and FcεRII, also known as CD23). The cross-linking of FcεRI-bound IgE on effector cells, such as basophils and mast cells, initiates the allergic response. Conversely, the binding of IgE to CD23 modulates IgE serum levels and antigen presentation. In addition to binding to FcεRs, IgE can also interact with other receptors, such as certain galectins and, in mice, some FcγRs. The binding strength of IgE to its receptors is affected by its valency and glycosylation. While FcεRI shows reduced binding to IgE immune complexes (IgE-ICs), the binding to CD23 is enhanced. There is no evidence that galectins bind IgE-ICs. On the other hand, IgE glycosylation plays a crucial role in the binding to FcεRI and galectins, whereas the binding to CD23 seems to be independent of glycosylation. In this review, we will focus on receptors that bind to IgE and examine how the glycosylation and complexation of IgE impact their binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Plattner
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research Bern (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research Bern (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research Bern (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: Monique Vogel
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9
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McIntyre AP, Viswanathan RK. Phenotypes and Endotypes in Asthma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1426:119-142. [PMID: 37464119 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32259-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a broadly encompassing diagnosis of airway inflammation with significant variability in presentation and response. Advances in molecular techniques and imaging have unraveled the delicate mechanistic tapestry responsible for the underlying inflammatory pathways in asthma. The elucidation of biomarkers and cellular components specific to these inflammatory pathways allowed for the categorization of asthma from generic phenotypes to more specific mechanistic endotypes, with two prominent subgroups emerging based on the level of Type 2 inflammation present - T2 high and T2 low (or non-T2). Sophisticated modeling and cluster analyses using a combination of clinical, physiologic, and biomarker parameters have permitted the identification of subendotypes within the broader T2 umbrella. This mechanistic-driven classification schema for asthma has dramatically altered the landscape of asthma management with the discovery and approval of targeted biologic therapies and has ushered in a new era of personalized precision medicine in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P McIntyre
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary & Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ravi K Viswanathan
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary & Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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10
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Galectins—Potential Therapeutic Targets for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911012. [PMID: 36232314 PMCID: PMC9569834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in medicine have increased the longevity of humans, resulting in a higher incidence of chronic diseases. Due to the rise in the elderly population, age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders are becoming increasingly prevalent. The available treatment options only provide symptomatic relief and do not cure the underlying cause of the disease. Therefore, it has become imperative to discover new markers and therapies to modulate the course of disease progression and develop better treatment options for the affected individuals. Growing evidence indicates that neuroinflammation is a common factor and one of the main inducers of neuronal damage and degeneration. Galectins (Gals) are a class of β-galactoside-binding proteins (lectins) ubiquitously expressed in almost all vital organs. Gals modulate various cellular responses and regulate significant biological functions, including immune response, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and cell growth, through their interaction with glycoproteins and glycolipids. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the Gal superfamily, with Gal-1, Gal-3, and Gal-9 in prime focus. Their roles have been described in modulating neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative processes. In this review, we discuss the role of Gals in the causation and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. We describe the role of Gals in microglia and astrocyte modulation, along with their pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. In addition, we discuss the potential use of Gals as a novel therapeutic target for neuroinflammation and restoring tissue damage in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Zhu N, Zhu L, Huang B, Xiang W, Zhao X. Galectin-3 Inhibition Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:868372. [PMID: 35557520 PMCID: PMC9086782 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.868372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), characterized by cardiomyopathy with the absence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and valvular heart disease in patients with diabetes, significantly increases the risk of heart failure. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) has been shown to regulate cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, but its role in DCM remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether Gal-3 inhibition attenuates DCM and NF-κB p65 activation. Methods Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) was established by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozotocin for 5 consecutive days in mice. Myocardial injury markers, such as creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-BM) and lactate dehydrogenase, were detected using ELISA. We used non-invasive transthoracic echocardiography to examine cardiac structure and function. Histological staining was used to explore myocardial morphology and fibrosis. Profibrotic markers and inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA and real-time PCR in vivo. The terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferasemediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) and immunofluorescence assays were conducted to examine myocardial apoptosis and oxidative stress. Inflammatory cytokines induced by high glucose (HG) were also found in RAW264.7 macrophages. The underlying molecular mechanisms were determined using immunofluorescence and Western blotting analyses. Results The Gal-3 knockdown was observed to ameliorate myocardial apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines release, macrophage infiltration, and fibrosis, thus, decreasing cardiac dysfunction in DCM mice. In addition, the silence of Gal-3 could suppress macrophage infiltration and inflammatory cytokine release induced by HG. Finally, a Gal-3/NF-κB p65 regulatory network was clarified in the pathogenesis of DCM. Conclusion The Gal-3 may promote myocardial apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in vivo and in vitro by the mechanism of reduction of NF-κB p65 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, The Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ning Zhu
| | - Liuyan Zhu
- Department of General Practice, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, The Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bingwu Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Xiang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, The Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuyong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, The Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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Ando T, Kitaura J. Tuning IgE: IgE-Associating Molecules and Their Effects on IgE-Dependent Mast Cell Reactions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071697. [PMID: 34359869 PMCID: PMC8305778 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) drugs and their candidates for humans has endorsed the significance of IgE-dependent pathways in allergic disorders. IgE is distributed locally in the tissues or systemically to confer a sensory mechanism in a domain of adaptive immunity to the otherwise innate type of effector cells, namely, mast cells and basophils. Bound on the high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI, IgE enables fast memory responses against revisiting threats of venoms, parasites, and bacteria. However, the dysregulation of IgE-dependent reactions leads to potentially life-threatening allergic diseases, such as asthma and anaphylaxis. Therefore, reactivity of the IgE sensor is fine-tuned by various IgE-associating molecules. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic basis for how IgE-dependent mast cell activation is regulated by the IgE-associating molecules, including the newly developed therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Ando
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (J.K.); Tel.: +81-3-5802-1591 (T.A. & J.K.)
| | - Jiro Kitaura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Science of Allergy and Inflammation, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (J.K.); Tel.: +81-3-5802-1591 (T.A. & J.K.)
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IL-17 Is a Key Regulator of Mucin-Galectin-3 Interactions in Asthma. Int J Cell Biol 2021; 2021:9997625. [PMID: 34221020 PMCID: PMC8211528 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9997625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus hypersecretion and chronic airway inflammation are standard characteristics of several airway diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Increased mucus secretion from increased mucin gene expression in the airway epithelium is associated with poor prognosis and mortality. We previously showed that the absence of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) enhances lung inflammation, airway hyperreactivity, and lung remodeling in asthma in an ovalbumin (OVA) asthma model of TIMP-1 knockout (TIMPKO) mice as compared to wild-type (WT) controls and mediated by increased galectin-3 (Gal-3) levels. Additionally, we have shown that in the lung epithelial cell line A549, Gal-3 inhibition increases interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels, leading to increased mucin expression in the airway epithelium. Therefore, in the current study, we further examined the relationship between Gal-3 and the production of IL-17-axis cytokines and critical members of the mucin family in the murine TIMPKO asthma model and the lung epithelium cell line A549. While Gal-3 may regulate a Th1/Th2 response, IL-17 could stimulate the mucin genes, MUC5B and MUC5AC. Gal-3 and IL-17 interactions induce mucus expression in OVA-sensitized mice. We conclude that Gal-3 may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of asthma, and modulation of Gal-3 may prove helpful in the treatment of this disease.
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Sethi A, Sanam S, Alvala R, Alvala M. An updated patent review of galectin-1 and galectin-3 inhibitors and their potential therapeutic applications (2016-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:709-721. [PMID: 33749494 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1903430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Galectins are ubiquitous in nature. They have established themselves as a protein family of high therapeutic potential and play a role in a wide variety of diseases like cancer, fibrosis, and Alzheimer's. Within the galectin family, galectin- 1 and galectin- 3 have been widely studied and their roles and functions have now been well established. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the important advancements in the development of galectin-1 & 3 inhibitors. All patents filed detailing the divergent strategies to inhibit galectin-1 & 3 from 2016 to present have been covered and discussed. EXPERT OPINION Over the past couple of decades, distinct galectin inhibitors have been synthesized, reported and studied. Among all, the mono and disaccharide-based antagonists have been found to be considerably successful. However, the cumbersome synthetic route followed to develop this class of inhibitors, in addition to complexity involved in making selective modifications within these molecules has posed a significant challenge. Recently, there have been numerous reports on heterocyclic-based galectin inhibitors. If these are established as potent galectin inhibitors, their ease of synthesis and tunability could overcome the potential drawbacks of carbohydrate-based inhibitors and could thus be exploited to develop efficient and highly specific galectin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaftaab Sethi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Swetha Sanam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Ravi Alvala
- G Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mallika Alvala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Balanagar, India.,Assistant Professor, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad, India
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Cremades-Jimeno L, de Pedro MÁ, López-Ramos M, Sastre J, Mínguez P, Fernández IM, Baos S, Cárdaba B. Prioritizing Molecular Biomarkers in Asthma and Respiratory Allergy Using Systems Biology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640791. [PMID: 33936056 PMCID: PMC8081895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly prevalent respiratory diseases such as asthma and allergy remain a pressing health challenge. Currently, there is an unmet need for precise diagnostic tools capable of predicting the great heterogeneity of these illnesses. In a previous study of 94 asthma/respiratory allergy biomarker candidates, we defined a group of potential biomarkers to distinguish clinical phenotypes (i.e. nonallergic asthma, allergic asthma, respiratory allergy without asthma) and disease severity. Here, we analyze our experimental results using complex algorithmic approaches that establish holistic disease models (systems biology), combining these insights with information available in specialized databases developed worldwide. With this approach, we aim to prioritize the most relevant biomarkers according to their specificity and mechanistic implication with molecular motifs of the diseases. The Therapeutic Performance Mapping System (Anaxomics’ TPMS technology) was used to generate one mathematical model per disease: allergic asthma (AA), non-allergic asthma (NA), and respiratory allergy (RA), defining specific molecular motifs for each. The relationship of our molecular biomarker candidates and each disease was analyzed by artificial neural networks (ANNs) scores. These analyses prioritized molecular biomarkers specific to the diseases and to particular molecular motifs. As a first step, molecular characterization of the pathophysiological processes of AA defined 16 molecular motifs: 2 specific for AA, 2 shared with RA, and 12 shared with NA. Mechanistic analysis showed 17 proteins that were strongly related to AA. Eleven proteins were associated with RA and 16 proteins with NA. Specificity analysis showed that 12 proteins were specific to AA, 7 were specific to RA, and 2 to NA. Finally, a triggering analysis revealed a relevant role for AKT1, STAT1, and MAPK13 in all three conditions and for TLR4 in asthmatic diseases (AA and NA). In conclusion, this study has enabled us to prioritize biomarkers depending on the functionality associated with each disease and with specific molecular motifs, which could improve the definition and usefulness of new molecular biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Cremades-Jimeno
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles de Pedro
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María López-Ramos
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Sastre
- Allergy Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Mínguez
- Department of Genetics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Selene Baos
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Cárdaba
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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Kim AJ, Ro H, Kim H, Chang JH, Lee HH, Chung W, Jung JY. Soluble ST2 and Galectin-3 as Predictors of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression and Outcomes. Am J Nephrol 2021; 52:119-130. [PMID: 33725696 DOI: 10.1159/000513663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (sST2) and galectin-3, novel biomarkers of heart failure and cardiovascular stress, predict cardiovascular events (CVEs) and mortality. However, their relationship with kidney function and adverse outcomes in CKD are uncertain. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between sST2 and galectin-3 with CKD progression and adverse clinical outcomes. METHODS We measured baseline sST2 and galectin-3 levels in the CKD patient cohort at our institution between October 2013 and December 2014. The primary outcome was CKD progression (kidney failure with replacement therapy or ≥50% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate from the baseline). The secondary outcome was the composite of CVEs and death. We used a Cox proportional hazards model to evaluate the associations between sST2 and galectin-3 levels, with kidney and clinical outcomes. RESULTS In total, 352 patients were enrolled in this study. At baseline, log sST2 and galectin-3 were directly associated with the serum creatinine (Cr) and urine protein-to-Cr ratio. Cox regression analysis showed that the baseline log sST2 level independently predicted CKD progression and composite outcome after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, renin-angiotensin system blocker, calcium channel blocker, β-blocker, diuretics, antiplatelet agents, anemia, and hypoalbuminemia. The baseline log galectin-3 level was independently associated with CKD progression, but not with the composite outcome after adjustment for confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of sST2 and galectin-3 are significantly associated with CKD progression, but only sST2 is associated with adverse clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae Jin Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Ro
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hee Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookyung Chung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yong Jung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea,
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea,
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea,
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Cymbaluk-Płoska A, Gargulińska P, Kwiatkowski S, Pius-Sadowska E, Machaliński B. Could Galectin 3 Be a Good Prognostic Factor in Endometrial Cancer? Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10090635. [PMID: 32859099 PMCID: PMC7554825 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin 3 is a modulator of several basic biological functions. It may be involved in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes—risk factors of endometrial cancer. The study involved 144 patients, after abrasion due to postmenopausal bleeding. Galectin 3 concentrations were quantified in serum by multiplex fluorescent bead-based immunoassays. Median serum galectin 3 concentrations revealed significant differences between FIGO III and IV vs. FIGO I and II patients. Statistically higher concentrations were reported for patients with lymph node metastases compared to patients without it (p = 0.001) as well as in patients with lymphovascular space invasion compared to patients without LVSI (p = 0.02). No statistically significant differences were observed for median of galectin 3 levels depending on the surgical procedure (laparoscopy vs. laparotomy, p = 0.0608). Patients with galectin 3 levels exceeding the median value were characterized by overall survival being shorter by 11.9 months. High levels of galectin 3 were correlated with shorter disease-free survival, the difference is up to 14.8 months. Galectin 3 can be an independent prognostic factor in patients with endometrial cancer. Among the recognized prognostic factors and the concentrations of the galectin 3 marker at the adopted time points, the univariate analysis showed a significant effect of staging, grading, and cutoff galectin 3 on the OS. For multivariate analysis, the galectin 3 cutoff point had the greatest significant impact on OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Paula Gargulińska
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Kwiatkowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Pius-Sadowska
- General Pathology Department, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.P.-S.); (B.M.)
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- General Pathology Department, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.P.-S.); (B.M.)
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Wang JJ, Wu ZS, Chung LY, Lu CY, Yen CM. Galectin-9-like from Angiostrongylus cantonensis young adult worms modulates eosinophil chemotaxis in vitro. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2020; 53:604-611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tazhitdinova R, Timoshenko AV. The Emerging Role of Galectins and O-GlcNAc Homeostasis in Processes of Cellular Differentiation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081792. [PMID: 32731422 PMCID: PMC7465113 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of soluble β-galactoside-binding proteins with diverse glycan-dependent and glycan-independent functions outside and inside the cell. Human cells express twelve out of sixteen recognized mammalian galectin genes and their expression profiles are very different between cell types and tissues. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the changes in the expression of individual galectins at mRNA and protein levels in different types of differentiating cells and the effects of recombinant galectins on cellular differentiation. A new model of galectin regulation is proposed considering the change in O-GlcNAc homeostasis between progenitor/stem cells and mature differentiated cells. The recognition of galectins as regulatory factors controlling cell differentiation and self-renewal is essential for developmental and cancer biology to develop innovative strategies for prevention and targeted treatment of proliferative diseases, tissue regeneration, and stem-cell therapy.
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Han X, Zhang S, Chen Z, Adhikari BK, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Sun J, Wang Y. Cardiac biomarkers of heart failure in chronic kidney disease. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:298-310. [PMID: 32710942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure remains a continuing threat to patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although various heart failure biomarkers have been applied for early detection, diagnosis and prognosis in CKD, these are easily affected by renal insufficiency thus limiting use in these patients. In this review, the major four groups of heart failure biomarkers are explored. These include those associated with: myocardial stretch, ie, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP) and mid-regional proatrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP); myocyte injury, ie, high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT), heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP); fibrosis, matrix remodelling and inflammation, ie, soluble growth stimulating gene 2 (sST2), galectin-3 (Gal-3), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15); and renal function, ie, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), cystatin C (CysC), urinary sodium and urinary albumin. This review highlights classic heart failure biomarkers with critical values adjusted to glomerular filtration rate, summarizes research progress of new heart failure biomarkers and future research directions. Because diagnostic and prognostic usefulness of a single time point biomarker is limited, biomarkers should be combined and monitored at multiple times for optimal clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zhongbo Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | | | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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Li ML, Su XM, Ren Y, Zhao X, Kong LF, Kang J. HDAC8 inhibitor attenuates airway responses to antigen stimulus through synchronously suppressing galectin-3 expression and reducing macrophage-2 polarization. Respir Res 2020; 21:62. [PMID: 32111211 PMCID: PMC7048058 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-1322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was to investigate of the mechanism by which histone deacetylase (HDAC) 8 inhibitor ameliorated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and allergic airway inflammation. Methods Mice were sensitized and then treated with budesonide (BUD) or PCI-34051 (PCI) prior to exposing to normal saline (NS) or ovalbumin (OVA). The raw264.7 cells were treated with interleukin (IL)-4 and PCI or shRNA alone. Repetitive measurements of enhanced pause (Penh) were executed by increasing concentrations of acetyl-β-methacholine chloride (0 - 50 mg/ml). Cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and pathological changes of lungs were examined, respectively. The expression levels of HDAC8, Galecitn (Gal)-3, CD68, CD86, CD163, Arg1 and NOS2 in lungs were measured. Co-regulation of HDAC8 and Gal-3 proteins was observed by immunofluorescence staining and co-immunoprecipitation assay (Co-IP). Results Significant increases in Penh and IL-4 level were detected with a large inflammatory infiltrate, comprised predominantly of macrophages and eosinophils, into the BALF in OVA-exposed lungs. HDAC8, Gal-3, CD68, CD86, CD163, Arg1 and NOS2 proteins were over-expressed with the significant changes in the Arg1 and NOS2 mRNA levels in the lungs and the IL-4-treated cells. PCI intervention obviously reduced the counts of CD163+ cells. Furthermore, Gal-3 knockdown suppressed Arg1 expression in the cells. Immunofluorescence staining displayed simultaneous changes in HDAC8 and Gal-3 expression in the investigated samples. Treatment with PCI resulted in synchronous reduction of HDAC8 and Gal-3 expression in the Co-IP complexes. Conclusions The HDAC8 inhibitor ameliorates AHR and airway inflammation in animal model of allergic asthma through reducing HDAC8-Gal-3 interaction and M2 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lu Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin-Ming Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ling-Fei Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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Galectin-3 Is a Potential Mediator for Atherosclerosis. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:5284728. [PMID: 32149158 PMCID: PMC7042544 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5284728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory arterial disease forming the pathological basis of many cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke. Numerous studies have implicated inflammation as a key player in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a 30 kDa β-galactose, highly conserved and widely distributed intracellularly and extracellularly. Gal-3 has been demonstrated in recent years to be a novel inflammatory factor participating in the process of intravascular inflammation, lipid endocytosis, macrophage activation, cellular proliferation, monocyte chemotaxis, and cell adhesion. This review focuses on the role of Gal-3 in atherosclerosis and the mechanism involved and several classical Gal-3 agonists and antagonists in the current studies.
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23
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Guida G, Riccio AM. Immune induction of airway remodeling. Semin Immunol 2019; 46:101346. [PMID: 31734128 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodeling is accepted to be a determining component within the natural history of asthma. It is a phenomenon characterized by changes in the airways structures that marches in parallel with and can be influenced by airway inflammation, floating at the interface between both natural and adaptive immunity and physical and mechanical cells behavior. In this review we aimed to highlight the comprehensive, yet not exhaustive, evidences of how immune cells induce, regulate and adapt to the recognized markers of airway remodeling. Mucous cell hyperplasia, epithelial dysfunction and mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix protein synthesis and restructuration, fibroblast to myofibroblast transition, airway smooth muscle proliferation, bioactive and contractile properties, and vascular remodeling encompass complex physiopathological mechanisms that can be induced, suppressed or regulated by different cellular and molecular pathways. Growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules expressed or derived either from the immune network of cells infiltrating the asthmatic airways and involving T helper lymphocytes, immune lymphoid cells, dendritic cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, mast cells or by the structural components such as epithelial cells, fibroblasts, myocytes, airway smooth muscle cells concur with protein cellular matrix component and metalloproteases in modifying the airway structure in a detrimental way. The consequences in lung function decline, fixed airway obstruction and clinical severity of the disease suggest the possibility of identify among the immune molecular pathway of remodeling some biological parameters or signal pathway to be either a good tracer for monitoring the disease evolution or a target for hypothetical phenotypes and endotypes. In the era of personalized medicine, a biomarker of remodeling might predict a response to small-molecule inhibitors or biologicals potentially targeting a fundamental aspect of asthma pathogenesis that impacts on the low responsiveness to airway inflammation directed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Guida
- Allergology and Lung Pathology, Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, Cuneo - Antonio Carle Hospital, Via Antonio Carle 5, 12100, Confreria (CN), Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Riccio
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases - Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy.
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24
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Wu AC, Kiley JP, Noel PJ, Amur S, Burchard EG, Clancy JP, Galanter J, Inada M, Jones TK, Kropski JA, Loyd JE, Nogee LM, Raby BA, Rogers AJ, Schwartz DA, Sin DD, Spira A, Weiss ST, Young LR, Himes BE. Current Status and Future Opportunities in Lung Precision Medicine Research with a Focus on Biomarkers. An American Thoracic Society/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Research Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 198:e116-e136. [PMID: 30640517 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201810-1895st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thousands of biomarker tests are either available or under development for lung diseases. In many cases, adoption of these tests into clinical practice is outpacing the generation and evaluation of sufficient data to determine clinical utility and ability to improve health outcomes. There is a need for a systematically organized report that provides guidance on how to understand and evaluate use of biomarker tests for lung diseases. METHODS We assembled a diverse group of clinicians and researchers from the American Thoracic Society and leaders from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute with expertise in various aspects of precision medicine to review the current status of biomarker tests in lung diseases. Experts summarized existing biomarker tests that are available for lung cancer, pulmonary arterial hypertension, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and other rare lung diseases. The group identified knowledge gaps that future research studies can address to efficiently translate biomarker tests into clinical practice, assess their cost-effectiveness, and ensure they apply to diverse, real-life populations. RESULTS We found that the status of biomarker tests in lung diseases is highly variable depending on the disease. Nevertheless, biomarker tests in lung diseases show great promise in improving clinical care. To efficiently translate biomarkers into tests used widely in clinical practice, researchers need to address specific clinical unmet needs, secure support for biomarker discovery efforts, conduct analytical and clinical validation studies, ensure tests have clinical utility, and facilitate appropriate adoption into routine clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS Although progress has been made toward implementation of precision medicine for lung diseases in clinical practice in certain settings, additional studies focused on addressing specific unmet clinical needs are required to evaluate the clinical utility of biomarkers; ensure their generalizability to diverse, real-life populations; and determine their cost-effectiveness.
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25
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Heyder T, Wiklundh E, Eklund A, James A, Grunewald J, Zubarev RA, Lundström SL. Altered Fc galactosylation in IgG 4 is a potential serum marker for chronic lung disease. ERJ Open Res 2018; 4:00033-2018. [PMID: 30083550 PMCID: PMC6066530 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00033-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterising chronic lung diseases is challenging. New, less invasive diagnostics are needed to decipher disease pathologies and subphenotypes. Fc galactosylation is known to affect IgG function, and is altered in autoimmune disorders and under other pathological conditions. We tested how well Fc glycans in IgG from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum correlated, and if the Fc glycan profile could reveal pulmonary inflammation. A shotgun proteomics approach was used to profile Fc glycans in serum and BALF of controls (n=12) and sarcoidosis phenotypes (Löfgren's syndrome (LS), n=11; and non-LS, n=12). Results were further validated in severe asthma (SA) (n=20) and published rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient data (n=13) including clinical information. Intra-individually, Fc-galactosylation status of IgG1 (R2=0.87) and IgG4 (R2=0.95) correlated well between matrixes. Following GlycoAge-index correction, the ratio between agalactosylated and digalactosylated Fc glycans of IgG4 could distinguish sarcoidosis and SA from healthy and RA subjects with a mean±se area under the curve (AUC) of 78±6%. The AUC increased to 83±6% using the more chronic lung disease types (non-LS and SA) and most strikingly, to 87±6% for the SA subgroup. The results indicate that the Fc galactosylation status of IgG4 is a potential blood test marker for chronic lung inflammation. IgG4 Fc galactosylation correlates between serum and BALF (R2=0.95) and is a potential blood marker for chronic lung inflammationhttp://ow.ly/XaNd30k35wg
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Heyder
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Dept of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Joint first authors
| | - Emil Wiklundh
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Dept of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Joint first authors
| | - Anders Eklund
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Dept of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna James
- Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Dept of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Joint last authors
| | - Susanna L Lundström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Joint last authors
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26
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Das I, Mishra H, Khodiar PK, Patra PK. Identification of therapeutic targets for inflammation in sickle cell disease (SCD) among Indian patients using gene expression data analysis. Bioinformation 2018; 14:408-413. [PMID: 30262980 PMCID: PMC6143353 DOI: 10.6026/97320630014408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is life-threatening hemoglobinopathy prevalent in India, Sub-Saharan Africa and Middle East. Inflammation plays a pivotal role in disease process and involves intricate interaction among leukocytes, platelets, sickle erythrocytes and vascular endothelium. Available disease modifying therapies are hydroxyl-urea and blood transfusion. Therefore, it is of interest to develop improved pharmacological agents for SCD. We report up-regulated genes in steady state and vaso-occlusive crisis using analysis of gene expression data obtained by microarray experiment for SCD as potential targets. The association of these targets with inflammation in pathway analysis is also documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Das
- Pt. J.N.M. Medical College, Raipur, India
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27
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Liu X, Gu Y, Liu Y, Zhang M, Wang Y, Hu L. Ticagrelor attenuates myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury possibly through downregulating galectin-3 expression in the infarct area of rats. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 84:1180-1186. [PMID: 29381821 PMCID: PMC5980592 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The full benefits of myocardial revascularization strategies applied to acute myocardial infarction patients might be reduced by myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. It is known that inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of I/R injury and galectin-3, a known inflammatory factor, is actively involved in ischaemia-induced inflammation and fibrosis of various organs. Previous studies demonstrated that anti-platelets therapy with ticagrelor, a new P2Y12 receptor antagonist, could effectively attenuate myocardial I/R injury and I/R injury-related inflammatory responses. It remains unknown whether the cardioprotective effects of ticagrelor are also mediated by modulating myocardial galectin-3 expression. METHODS We determined the ratio of infarct area (IA)/area at risk (AAR), expression of galectin-3, TNF-α and IL-6 in infarct area of rats treated with placebo (equal volume saline per gastric gavage immediately after LAD ligation, then once daily till study end) or ticagrelor (150 mg kg-1 dissolved in saline per gastric gavage immediately after LAD ligation, then once daily till study end) at 24 h, 3 and 7 days post I (45 min)/R injury. Sham-operated rats served as control. RESULTS Our results showed that ticagrelor treatment significantly reduced IA/AAR ratio at 3 and 7 days post I/R, downregulated mRNA and protein expression of galectin-3, as well as mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in infarct area at 24 h, 3 and 7 days post I/R. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the cardioprotective effects of ticagrelor might partly be mediated by downregulating galectin-3 expression in infarct area in this rat model of myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Puai Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430033, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Puai Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430033, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Puai Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430033, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Puai Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430033, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Puai Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430033, Wuhan, China
| | - Liqun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Puai Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430033, Wuhan, China
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28
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Possible Role of Inflammation and Galectin-3 in Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8020030. [PMID: 29414883 PMCID: PMC5836049 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is known as one of the most devastating diseases in the central nervous system. In the past few decades, research on SAH has focused on cerebral vasospasm to prevent post-SAH delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and to improve outcomes. However, increasing evidence has suggested that early brain injury (EBI) is an important mechanism contributing to DCI, cerebral vasospasm as well as poor outcomes. Though the mechanism of EBI is very complex, inflammation is thought to play a pivotal role in EBI. Galectin-3 is a unique chimera type in the galectin family characterized by its β-galactoside-binding lectin, which mediates various pathologies, such as fibrosis, cell adhesion, and inflammation. Recently, two clinical studies revealed galectin-3 to be a possible prognostic biomarker in SAH patients. In addition, our recent report suggested that higher acute-stage plasma galectin-3 levels correlated with subsequent development of delayed cerebral infarction that was not associated with vasospasm in SAH patients. We review the possible role and molecular mechanisms of inflammation as well as galectin-3 in brain injuries, especially focusing on EBI after SAH, and discuss galectin-3 as a potential new therapeutic or research target in post-SAH brain injuries.
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29
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Sciacchitano S, Lavra L, Morgante A, Ulivieri A, Magi F, De Francesco GP, Bellotti C, Salehi LB, Ricci A. Galectin-3: One Molecule for an Alphabet of Diseases, from A to Z. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020379. [PMID: 29373564 PMCID: PMC5855601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) regulates basic cellular functions such as cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, growth, proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation. It is not surprising, therefore, that this protein is involved in the pathogenesis of many relevant human diseases, including cancer, fibrosis, chronic inflammation and scarring affecting many different tissues. The papers published in the literature have progressively increased in number during the last decades, testifying the great interest given to this protein by numerous researchers involved in many different clinical contexts. Considering the crucial role exerted by Gal-3 in many different clinical conditions, Gal-3 is emerging as a new diagnostic, prognostic biomarker and as a new promising therapeutic target. The current review aims to extensively examine the studies published so far on the role of Gal-3 in all the clinical conditions and diseases, listed in alphabetical order, where it was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Sciacchitano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Lavra
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Morgante
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Ulivieri
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fiorenza Magi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gian Paolo De Francesco
- Department of Oncological Science, Breast Unit, St Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/39, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bellotti
- Operative Unit Surgery of Thyroid and Parathyroid, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/39, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Leila B Salehi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alberto Ricci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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30
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Shi Z, Meng Z, Han Y, Cao C, Tan G, Wang L. The involvement of galectin-3 in skin injury in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Lupus 2017; 27:621-627. [PMID: 29058991 DOI: 10.1177/0961203317736144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Meng
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Han
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - C Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - G Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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31
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Tessier L, Côté O, Clark ME, Viel L, Diaz-Méndez A, Anders S, Bienzle D. Impaired response of the bronchial epithelium to inflammation characterizes severe equine asthma. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:708. [PMID: 28886691 PMCID: PMC5591550 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe equine asthma is a naturally occurring lung inflammatory disease of mature animals characterized by neutrophilic inflammation, bronchoconstriction, mucus hypersecretion and airway remodeling. Exacerbations are triggered by inhalation of dust and microbial components. Affected animals eventually are unable of aerobic performance. In this study transcriptomic differences between asthmatic and non-asthmatic animals in the response of the bronchial epithelium to an inhaled challenge were determined. RESULTS Paired endobronchial biopsies were obtained pre- and post-challenge from asthmatic and non-asthmatic animals. The transcriptome, determined by RNA-seq and analyzed with edgeR, contained 111 genes differentially expressed (DE) after challenge between horses with and without asthma, and 81 of these were upregulated. Genes involved in neutrophil migration and activation were in central location in interaction networks, and related gene ontology terms were significantly overrepresented. Relative abundance of specific gene products as determined by immunohistochemistry was correlated with differential gene expression. Gene sets involved in neutrophil chemotaxis, immune and inflammatory response, secretion, blood coagulation and apoptosis were overrepresented among up-regulated genes, while the rhythmic process gene set was overrepresented among down-regulated genes. MMP1, IL8, TLR4 and MMP9 appeared to be the most important proteins in connecting the STRING protein network of DE genes. CONCLUSIONS Several differentially expressed genes and networks in horses with asthma also contribute to human asthma, highlighting similarities between severe human adult and equine asthma. Neutrophil activation by the bronchial epithelium is suggested as the trigger of the inflammatory cascade in equine asthma, followed by epithelial injury and impaired repair and differentiation. Circadian rhythm dysregulation and the sonic Hedgehog pathway were identified as potential novel contributory factors in equine asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Tessier
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Olivier Côté
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.,Present address: BioAssay Works LLC, 10075 Tyler Place, Suite 18, Ijamsville, MD, 21754, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Clark
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Laurent Viel
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Andrés Diaz-Méndez
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.,Present address: Centre for Equine Infectious Disease, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Simon Anders
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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The Role of Periostin in the Occurrence and Progression of Eosinophilic Chronic Sinusitis with Nasal Polyps. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9479. [PMID: 28842563 PMCID: PMC5572682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a highly heterogeneous disease with different host defence responses. However, whether periostin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are similarly impaired in patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP (ENP) and those with non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (nENP) remains unclear. We sought to evaluate the expression and possible modulation of periostin and VEGF, regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES) and eotaxin-2 in the polyp tissues from 30 patients with ENP and from 36 patients with nENP and in middle turbinate tissues from 12 control subjects. We found that ENP tissues exhibited a significantly increased expression of periostin and VEGF compared with tissues from patients with nENP and control subjects (P < 0.05, respectively). Accordingly, the expression of VEGF, RANTES, and eotaxin-2 in ENP fibroblasts was significantly up-regulated after stimulation with up-regulated periostin in vitro, but the expression of VEGF and RANTES was significantly inhibited by stimulation with down-regulated periostin. Our findings suggest that periostin might play an important role in the occurrence and progression of ENP and might be a potential therapeutic target.
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Nishikawa H, Nakatsuka Y, Shiba M, Kawakita F, Fujimoto M, Suzuki H. Increased Plasma Galectin-3 Preceding the Development of Delayed Cerebral Infarction and Eventual Poor Outcome in Non-Severe Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 9:110-119. [PMID: 28831694 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A matricellular protein galectin-3 is involved in tissue injury and inflammation, but the role of galectin-3 remains unclear in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The purpose of this study was to assess whether acute-stage galectin-3 levels were associated with the subsequent development of neurovascular events and outcome after SAH. This study included 83 consecutive patients diagnosed with aneurysmal SAH of resuscitated World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grades 1-3. Plasma galectin-3 levels were once measured on days 1-3 (the day after clipping or coiling). Fifteen patients had poor outcomes, which were associated with increasing age, female, pre-onset morbidity, worse WFNS grade, modified Fisher computed tomography scale, acute hydrocephalus, and higher galectin-3 levels compared with good outcomes. Multivariate analyses revealed that plasma galectin-3 was an independent determinant for poor outcome (odds ratio, 3.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.58-6.00; p = 0.001). Among post-SAH neurovascular events occurring on day 4 and thereafter, delayed cerebral ischemia and infarction, but not angiographic vasospasm and shunt-dependent hydrocephalus, showed significantly higher plasma galectin-3 levels on days 1-3. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that plasma galectin-3 with a cutoff value of 3.30 or 3.48 ng/ml predicted delayed cerebral infarction development or poor outcome (specificity, 62.5%, 70.6%; sensitivity, 90.9%, 73.3%, respectively). The findings suggest that plasma galectin-3 levels on days 1-3 would be a useful biomarker for predicting subsequent development of delayed cerebral infarction and eventual poor outcome and provide a new candidate, which may mediate between post-SAH early brain injury or inflammation and delayed cerebral infarction without vasospasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Nishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Yoshinari Nakatsuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masato Shiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Kawakita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saiseikai Matsusaka General Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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dos Santos SN, Sheldon H, Pereira JX, Paluch C, Bridges EM, El-Cheikh MC, Harris AL, Bernardes ES. Galectin-3 acts as an angiogenic switch to induce tumor angiogenesis via Jagged-1/Notch activation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:49484-49501. [PMID: 28533486 PMCID: PMC5564783 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a coordinated process tightly regulated by the balance between Delta-like-4 (DLL4) and Jagged-1 (JAG1) in endothelial cells. Here we show that galectin-3 (gal-3), a glycan-binding protein secreted by cancer cells under hypoxic conditions, triggers sprouting angiogenesis, assisted by hypoxic changes in the glycosylation status of endothelial cells that enhance binding to gal-3. Galectin-3's proangiogenic functions were found to be predominantly dependent on the Notch ligand JAG1. Differential direct binding to JAG1 was shown by surface plasmon resonance assay. Upon binding to Notch ligands, gal-3 preferentially increased JAG1 protein half-life over DLL4 and preferentially activated JAG1/Notch-1 signaling in endothelial cells. JAG1 overexpression in Lewis lung carcinoma cells accelerated tumor growth in vivo, but this effect was prevented in Lgals3-/- mice. Our findings establish gal-3 as a molecular regulator of the JAG1/Notch-1 signaling pathway and have direct implications for the development of strategies aimed at controlling tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Sheldon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathas Xavier Pereira
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christopher Paluch
- T-cell Biology Group, Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Esther M Bridges
- Department of Medical Oncology, Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Márcia Curry El-Cheikh
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Department of Medical Oncology, Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Prakash YS, Halayko AJ, Gosens R, Panettieri RA, Camoretti-Mercado B, Penn RB. An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement: Current Challenges Facing Research and Therapeutic Advances in Airway Remodeling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:e4-e19. [PMID: 28084822 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201611-2248st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway remodeling (AR) is a prominent feature of asthma and other obstructive lung diseases that is minimally affected by current treatments. The goals of this Official American Thoracic Society (ATS) Research Statement are to discuss the scientific, technological, economic, and regulatory issues that deter progress of AR research and development of therapeutics targeting AR and to propose approaches and solutions to these specific problems. This Statement is not intended to provide clinical practice recommendations on any disease in which AR is observed and/or plays a role. METHODS An international multidisciplinary group from within academia, industry, and the National Institutes of Health, with expertise in multimodal approaches to the study of airway structure and function, pulmonary research and clinical practice in obstructive lung disease, and drug discovery platforms was invited to participate in one internet-based and one face-to-face meeting to address the above-stated goals. Although the majority of the analysis related to AR was in asthma, AR in other diseases was also discussed and considered in the recommendations. A literature search of PubMed was performed to support conclusions. The search was not a systematic review of the evidence. RESULTS Multiple conceptual, logistical, economic, and regulatory deterrents were identified that limit the performance of AR research and impede accelerated, intensive development of AR-focused therapeutics. Complementary solutions that leverage expertise of academia and industry were proposed to address them. CONCLUSIONS To date, numerous factors related to the intrinsic difficulty in performing AR research, and economic forces that are disincentives for the pursuit of AR treatments, have thwarted the ability to understand AR pathology and mechanisms and to address it clinically. This ATS Research Statement identifies potential solutions for each of these factors and emphasizes the importance of educating the global research community as to the extent of the problem as a critical first step in developing effective strategies for: (1) increasing the extent and impact of AR research and (2) developing, testing, and ultimately improving drugs targeting AR.
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Passalacqua G, Mincarini M, Colombo D, Troisi G, Ferrari M, Bagnasco D, Balbi F, Riccio A, Canonica GW. IL-13 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Possible links and new therapeutic strategies. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:95-100. [PMID: 28501346 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The recent advances in the knowledge of immunological aspects of many pulmonary diseases, allowed to identify cells, biological functions, cytokines, and receptors that are preferentially involved in each disease. This is the case of asthma, where IL-13 (together with IL-4) is recognized as a central mediator. The role of IL-13 is strictly related, via complex signaling pathways, to eosinophil recruitment and activation, to mucus secretion, periostin generation and to fibrogenic processes (which are part of the remodeling process). These peculiar roles of IL-13 have suggested the hypothesis of its role in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, and consequently of its antagonists in the treatment of such disease. We review herein the immunological roles of IL-13 in asthma and IPF, and the currently ongoing attempts to treat IPF by IL-13 antagonism strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Passalacqua
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS San Martino-IST-University of Genoa, Italy.
| | - Marcello Mincarini
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS San Martino-IST-University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Colombo
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS San Martino-IST-University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Troisi
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS San Martino-IST-University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Marta Ferrari
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS San Martino-IST-University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Diego Bagnasco
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS San Martino-IST-University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Balbi
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS San Martino-IST-University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Annamaria Riccio
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS San Martino-IST-University of Genoa, Italy
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Li P, Liu S, Lu M, Bandyopadhyay G, Oh D, Imamura T, Johnson AMF, Sears D, Shen Z, Cui B, Kong L, Hou S, Liang X, Iovino S, Watkins SM, Ying W, Osborn O, Wollam J, Brenner M, Olefsky JM. Hematopoietic-Derived Galectin-3 Causes Cellular and Systemic Insulin Resistance. Cell 2017; 167:973-984.e12. [PMID: 27814523 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In obesity, macrophages and other immune cells accumulate in insulin target tissues, promoting a chronic inflammatory state and insulin resistance. Galectin-3 (Gal3), a lectin mainly secreted by macrophages, is elevated in both obese subjects and mice. Administration of Gal3 to mice causes insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, whereas inhibition of Gal3, through either genetic or pharmacologic loss of function, improved insulin sensitivity in obese mice. In vitro treatment with Gal3 directly enhanced macrophage chemotaxis, reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in myocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes and impaired insulin-mediated suppression of glucose output in primary mouse hepatocytes. Importantly, we found that Gal3 can bind directly to the insulin receptor (IR) and inhibit downstream IR signaling. These observations elucidate a novel role for Gal3 in hepatocyte, adipocyte, and myocyte insulin resistance, suggesting that Gal3 can link inflammation to decreased insulin sensitivity. Inhibition of Gal3 could be a new approach to treat insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Shuainan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Min Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Diabetes Early Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gautum Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dayoung Oh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, 1 Tsukinowa, Seta, Otsu-city, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Andrew M F Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dorothy Sears
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhufang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lijuan Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shaocong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Salvatore Iovino
- Diabetes Early Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Wei Ying
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joshua Wollam
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Martin Brenner
- Diabetes Early Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Atabaki M, Hashemi M, Daneshvar H, Alijani E. Lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 3 rs4652 A/C gene variation and the risk for rheumatoid arthritis. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:251-255. [PMID: 28357081 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex genetic disease. The lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 3 (LGALS3) gene, encodes a member of the galectin family of carbohydrate binding proteins, and is one of the best examples of a non-human leukocyte antigen gene associated with a risk for RA in various populations. In the current study, the association between LGALS3 rs4652 gene polymorphism and RA was examined. This case-control study was performed on the 120 patients with RA and 120 healthy subjects. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood, and gene polymorphism was tested using a tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that LGALS3 rs4652 AC genotype increased the risk of RA (OR=11.622, 95% CI=4.473-28.656; P=0.001) when compared with the AA genotype. However, the CC genotype and the C allele were not associated with RA. These findings indicated an association between LGALS3 rs4652 variation and the risk of RA in a sample of Iranian individuals. Further studies with larger sample sizes and populations of different ethnicities are required to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Atabaki
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan 98167-43181, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan 98167-43181, Iran
| | - Hamid Daneshvar
- Department of Immunology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Kerman 76169-14115, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Alijani
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan 98167-43181, Iran
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Pang J, Nguyen VT, Rhodes DH, Sullivan ME, Braunschweig C, Fantuzzi G. Relationship of galectin-3 with obesity, IL-6, and CRP in women. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:1435-1443. [PMID: 27444618 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-016-0515-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association of galectin-3 (Gal3) with obesity and inflammatory status in a cohort of metabolically healthy, predominantly African-American women with varying cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk as determined by CRP levels. METHODS We assessed the association between BMI and serum levels of Gal3, IL-6, CRP, and adiponectin in metabolically healthy women (N = 97) to determine the overall association between Gal3, obesity, and inflammation in groups at different CVD risk. RESULTS Obese women had significantly higher serum Gal3 compared to non-obese participants (P = 0.0016), although Gal3 levels were comparable among different classes of obesity. BMI (R 2 = 0.1406, P = 0.0013), IL-6 (R 2 = 0.0689, P = 0.035), and CRP (R 2 = 0.0468, P = 0.0419), but not adiponectin, positively predicted the variance of Gal3 levels in the total study population. However, the predicting effect of BMI (R 2 = 0.2923, P = 0.0125) and inflammation (R 2 = 0.3138, P = 0.038) on Gal3 was only present in women at low/moderate risk of CVD (CRP ≤ 3 µg/mL). CONCLUSIONS Gal3 is positively correlated with obesity and inflammation in women, while the presence of elevated CVD risk may disturb the strength of Gal3 as a biomarker of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pang
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - V T Nguyen
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - D H Rhodes
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - M E Sullivan
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - C Braunschweig
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - G Fantuzzi
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Dvorkin-Gheva A, Vanderstocken G, Yildirim AÖ, Brandsma CA, Obeidat M, Bossé Y, Hassell JA, Stampfli MR. Total particulate matter concentration skews cigarette smoke's gene expression profile. ERJ Open Res 2016; 2:00029-2016. [PMID: 27995131 PMCID: PMC5165723 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00029-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of small animals to cigarette smoke is widely used as a model to study the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, protocols and exposure systems utilised vary substantially and it is unclear how these different systems compare. We analysed the gene expression profile of six publically available murine datasets from different cigarette smoke-exposure systems and related the gene signatures to three clinical cohorts. 234 genes significantly regulated by cigarette smoke in at least one model were used to construct a 55-gene network containing 17 clusters. Increasing numbers of differentially regulated clusters were associated with higher total particulate matter concentrations in the different datasets. Low total particulate matter-induced genes mainly related to xenobiotic/detoxification responses, while higher total particulate matter activated immune/inflammatory processes in addition to xenobiotic/detoxification responses. To translate these observations to the clinic, we analysed the regulation of the revealed network in three human cohorts. Similar to mice, we observed marked differences in the number of regulated clusters between the cohorts. These differences were not determined by pack-year. Although none of the experimental models exhibited a complete alignment with any of the human cohorts, some exposure systems showed higher resemblance. Thus, depending on the cohort, clinically observed changes in gene expression may be mirrored more closely by specific cigarette smoke exposure systems. This study emphasises the need for careful validation of animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dvorkin-Gheva
- Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Functional Genomics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Gilles Vanderstocken
- Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC research institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ma'en Obeidat
- The University of British Columbia Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Dept of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - John A. Hassell
- Centre for Functional Genomics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin R. Stampfli
- Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dept of Medicine, Firestone Institute of Respiratory Health at St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Singh J, Shah R, Singh D. Inundation of asthma target research: Untangling asthma riddles. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2016; 41:60-85. [PMID: 27667568 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is an inveterate inflammatory disorder, delineated by the airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and airway wall remodeling. Although, asthma is a vague term, and is recognized as heterogenous entity encompassing different phenotypes. Targeting single mediator or receptor did not prove much clinical significant, as asthma is complex disease involving myriad inflammatory mediators. Asthma may probably involve a large number of different types of molecular and cellular components interacting through complex pathophysiological pathways. This review covers the past, present, and future therapeutic approaches and pathophysiological mechanisms of asthma. Furthermore, review describe importance of targeting several mediators/modulators and receptor antagonists involved in the physiopathology of asthma. Novel targets for asthma research include Galectins, Immunological targets, K + Channels, Kinases and Transcription Factors, Toll-like receptors, Selectins and Transient receptor potential channels. But recent developments in asthma research are very promising, these include Bitter taste receptors (TAS2R) abated airway obstruction in mouse model of asthma and Calcium-sensing receptor obliterate inflammation and in bronchial hyperresponsiveness allergic asthma. All these progresses in asthma targets, and asthma phenotypes exploration are auspicious in untangling of asthma riddles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Ramanpreet Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Dhandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India.
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Mueller T, Dieplinger B. Soluble ST2 and Galectin-3: What We Know and Don't Know Analytically. EJIFCC 2016; 27:224-37. [PMID: 27683536 PMCID: PMC5009947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The proteins soluble ST2 (sST2) and galectin-3 are currently gaining mounting interest as candidate biomarkers in cardiac disease. Both, sST2 and galectin-3 have been included in the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for additive risk stratification of patients with acute and chronic heart failure. The aim of this review is to provide information on analytical considerations of measuring circulating sST2 and galectin-3 including knowledge on in vitro stability, biological variation and reference ranges of both analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mueller
- Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Seilerstaette 2-4, A-4020 Linz, Austria Phone: +43 732 7897 16020
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Harazono Y, Kho DH, Balan V, Nakajima K, Hogan V, Raz A. Extracellular galectin-3 programs multidrug resistance through Na+/K+-ATPase and P-glycoprotein signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 6:19592-604. [PMID: 26158764 PMCID: PMC4637307 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3, LGALS3) is a pleotropic versatile, 29-35 kDa chimeric gene product, and involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes, including cell growth, homeostasis, apoptosis, pre-mRNA splicing, cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, cellular polarity, motility, adhesion, activation, differentiation, transformation, signaling, regulation of innate/adaptive immunity, and angiogenesis. In multiple diseases, it was found that the level of circulating Gal-3 is markedly elevated, suggesting that Gal-3-dependent function is mediated by specific interaction with yet an unknown ubiquitous cell-surface protein. Recently, we showed that Gal-3 attenuated drug-induced apoptosis, which is one of the mechanisms underlying multidrug resistance (MDR). Here, we document that MDR could be mediated by Gal-3 interaction with the house-keeping gene product e.g., Na+/K+-ATPase, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Gal-3 interacts with Na+/K+-ATPase and induces the phosphorylation of P-gp. We also find that Gal-3 binds P-gp and enhances its ATPase activity. Furthermore Gal-3 antagonist suppresses this interaction and results in a decrease of the phosphorylation and the ATPase activity of P-gp, leading to an increased sensitivity to doxorubicin-mediated cell death. Taken together, these findings may explain the reported roles of Gal-3 in diverse diseases and suggest that a combined therapy of inhibitors of Na+/K+-ATPase and Gal-3, and a disease specific drug(s) might be superior to a single therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Harazono
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Dhong Hyo Kho
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | - Kosei Nakajima
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Victor Hogan
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Avraham Raz
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Saglani S, Lloyd CM. Novel concepts in airway inflammation and remodelling in asthma. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:1796-804. [PMID: 26541520 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01196-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The hallmark pathological features of asthma include airway eosinophilic inflammation and structural changes (remodelling) which are associated with an irreversible loss in lung function that tracks from childhood to adulthood. In parallel with changes in function, pathological abnormalities occur early, during the pre-school years, are established by school age and subsequently remain (even though symptoms may remit for periods during adulthood). Given the equal importance of inflammation and remodelling in asthma pathogenesis, there is a significant disparity in studies undertaken to investigate the contribution of each. The majority focus on the role of inflammation, and although novel therapeutics such as those targeted against T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) mediators have arisen, it is apparent that targeting inflammation alone has not allowed disease modification. Therefore, unless airway remodelling is addressed for future therapeutic strategies, it is unlikely that we will progress towards a cure for asthma. Having acknowledged these limitations, the focus of this review is to highlight the gaps in our current knowledge about the mechanisms underlying airway remodelling, the relationships between remodelling, inflammation and function, remodelling and clinical phenotypes, and the importance of utilising innovative and realistic pre-clinical models to uncover effective, disease-modifying therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Saglani
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK Dept of Respiratory Paediatrics, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Fernández-Delgado L, Vega-Rioja A, Ventura I, Chamorro C, Aroca R, Prados M, Bobadilla P, Rodríguez D, Palacios R, Monteseirín J. Allergens Induce the Release of Lactoferrin by Neutrophils from Asthmatic Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141278. [PMID: 26488881 PMCID: PMC4619071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the evidence that Lactoferrin (Lf) is involved in allergic asthma processes, it is unknown whether neutrophils can be one of the main cellular sources of this key inflammatory mediator directly in response of an IgE mediated stimulus. The present study was undertaken to analyze this question. Methods Neutrophils from healthy subjects (n = 34) and neutrophils from allergic asthmatic patients (n = 102) were challenged in vitro with specific allergens to which the patients were sensitized, PAF, or agonist mAbs against IgE-receptors, and the levels of Lf were measured in the culture supernatant. The levels of serum IgE together with the severity of symptoms were also analyzed. Results Lf was released into the culture supernatant of neutrophils from allergic asthmatic patients in response to allergens and PAF. This response was highly allergen-specific, and did not happen in neutrophils from healthy donors. Allergen effect was mimicked by Abs against FcεRI and galectin-3 but not by FcεRII. The levels of released Lf correlated well with the levels of serum specific IgE and severity of asthma symptoms. These observations represent a novel view of neutrophils as an important source of Lf in allergic asthma. Importantly, the levels of released Lf by neutrophils could therefore be used to evaluate disease severity in allergic asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Fernández-Delgado
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Alergia Intercentros, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Vega-Rioja
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Alergia Intercentros, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Ventura
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Alergia Intercentros, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina Chamorro
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Alergia Intercentros, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Aroca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Alergia Intercentros, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Prados
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Alergia Intercentros, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Javier Monteseirín
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Alergia Intercentros, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Lei P, He H, Hu Y, Liao Z. Small interfering RNA-induced silencing of galectin-3 inhibits the malignant phenotypes of osteosarcoma in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6316-22. [PMID: 26238776 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant tumor of bone. It has recently been demonstrated that galectin-3, a multifunctional β-galactoside-binding, is significantly upregulated in OS tissues, and is correlated with its progression and metastasis. However, the detailed role of galectin‑3 in the regulation of cellular biological processes in OS cells has remained to be elucidated. The present study reported that the mRNA and protein levels of galectin‑3 were significantly increased in OS tissues compared to those in their matched normal adjacent tissues. Furthermore, galectin‑3 was upregulated in three OS cell lines, Saos‑2, MG63 and U2OS, when compared with that in the human osteoblast cell line hFOB1.19. Knockdown of galectin‑3 by galectin‑3‑specific small interfering RNA markedly inhibited OS‑cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, silencing of galectin‑3 expression significantly inhibited OS cell migration and invasion, accompanied with a marked decrease in the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and ‑9. Mechanistic investigation suggested that the mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal‑regulated protein kinase signaling pathway may be involved in the galectin‑3‑mediated OS cell invasion. In conclusion, the present study was the first to report that silencing of galectin‑3 inhibited the malignant phenotypes of osteosarcoma in vitro. Therefore, galectin-3 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo He
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zhan Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Uchino Y, Mauris J, Woodward AM, Dieckow J, Amparo F, Dana R, Mantelli F, Argüeso P. Alteration of galectin-3 in tears of patients with dry eye disease. Am J Ophthalmol 2015; 159:1027-1035.e3. [PMID: 25703476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the expression, release, and proteolytic degradation of galectin-3 in patients with dry eye disease. DESIGN Observational case series with a comparison group. METHODS Tear washes and conjunctival impression cytology specimens were collected through standard procedures from 16 patients with dry eye and 11 age-matched healthy subjects. Galectin-3 content in tears was analyzed by quantitative Western blot, using recombinant galectin-3 protein to generate a calibration curve. The relative expression of galectin-3 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The cleavage of galectin-3 was studied in vitro using activated recombinant MMP9 and protease inhibitors. RESULTS The concentration of galectin-3 protein in tears, but not galectin-3 expression in conjunctival epithelium, was significantly higher in tears of patients with dry eye (0.38 ng/μg total protein, range 0.04-1.36) compared to healthy subjects (0.12 ng/μg total protein, range 0.00-0.41) (P < .01). By Western blot, an intact (∼28.0 kDa) galectin-3 band was identified in tear samples from healthy subjects, whereas 50% of the dry eye samples were characterized by the additional presence of a partially degraded form (∼25.4 kDa). In our experiments, elevated expression of MMP9 in dry eye subjects correlated with the ability of active MMP9 to cleave galectin-3 from recombinant origin. Interestingly, cleavage of endogenous galectin-3 in tear samples was impaired using a broad-spectrum proteinase inhibitor cocktail, but not the pan-specific MMP inhibitor GM6001, suggesting the presence of proteases other than MMPs in promoting galectin-3 degradation in dry eye. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that release of cellular galectin-3 into tears is associated with epithelial dysfunction in dry eye, and that galectin-3 proteolytic cleavage may contribute to impaired ocular surface barrier function.
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Li W, Gao P, Zhi Y, Xu W, Wu Y, Yin J, Zhang J. Periostin: its role in asthma and its potential as a diagnostic or therapeutic target. Respir Res 2015; 16:57. [PMID: 25981515 PMCID: PMC4437675 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that periostin, a matricellular protein, is involved in many fundamental biological processes such as cell proliferation, cell invasion, and angiogenesis. Changes in periostin expression are commonly detected in various cancers and pre-cancerous conditions, and periostin may be involved in regulating a diverse set of cancer cell activities that contribute to tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and metastasis. Periostin has also been shown to be involved in many aspects of allergic inflammation, such as eosinophil recruitment, airway remodeling, development of a Th2 phenotype, and increased expression of inflammatory mediators. In an in vivo model, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid obtained from ovalbumin-challenged mice was found to contain significantly higher levels of periostin compared to BAL samples from control mice. To date, the molecular mechanisms involving periostin in relation to asthma in humans have not been fully elucidated. This review will focus on what is known about periostin and its role in the pathophysiological mechanisms that mediate asthma in order to evaluate the potential for periostin to serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target for the detection and treatment of asthma, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China.
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China.
| | - Yue Zhi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China.
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China.
| | - Jinzhi Yin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China.
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Mueller T, Leitner I, Egger M, Haltmayer M, Dieplinger B. Association of the biomarkers soluble ST2, galectin-3 and growth-differentiation factor-15 with heart failure and other non-cardiac diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 445:155-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Araujo AP, Giorgio S. Immunohistochemical evidence of stress and inflammatory markers in mouse models of cutaneous leishmaniosis. Arch Dermatol Res 2015; 307:671-82. [PMID: 25896942 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-015-1564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Leishmanioses are chronic parasitic diseases and host responses are associated with pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines involved, respectively, in the control or exacerbation of infection. The relevance of other inflammatory mediators and stress markers has not been widely studied and there is a need to search for biomarkers to leishmaniasis. In this work, the stress and inflammatory molecules p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, cyclooxygenase-2, migration inhibitory factor, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, heat shock protein 70 kDa, vascular endothelial factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1α and HIF-2α), heme oxygenase and galectin-3 expression were assessed immunohistochemically in self-controlled lesions in C57BL/6 mice and severe lesions in Balb/c mice infected with Leishmania amazonensis. The results indicated that the majority of molecules were expressed in the cutaneous lesions of both C57BL/6 and Balb/c mice during various phases of infection, suggesting no obvious correlation between the stress and inflammatory molecule expression and the control/exacerbation of leishmanial lesions. However, the cytokine VEGF was only detected in C57BL/6 footpad lesions and small lesions in Balb/c mice treated with antimonial pentavalent. These findings suggest that VEGF expression could be a predictive factor for murine leishmanial control, a hypothesis that should be tested in human leishmaniosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Paiva Araujo
- Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Selma Giorgio
- Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil.
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