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Ojo OA, Ajeigbe D, Ogunlakin AD, Odesanmi OE, Ayomipo M, Berana G, Ayeni P, Ajayi-Odoko OA, Ayokunle DI, Ojo AB, Ajiboye BO, Ojo OO, Dahunsi SO. Preclinical antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of Erythrophleum africanum (benth.) harms in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 0:jcim-2024-0090. [PMID: 38954410 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2024-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the antidiabetic effects of the methanolic extract of E. africanum (MEEA) stem bark on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) in Wistar rats. METHODS The in vitro enzyme (α-amylase) inhibitory activity of MEEA was measured using a standard procedure. Diabetic rats with fasting blood glucose above 250 mg/dL were considered diabetic and were divided into the following groups: control (distilled water-treated), diabetic-control, diabetic metformin (100 mg/kg), diabetes + MEEA (150 mg/kg), and diabetes + MEEA (300 mg/kg) via oral gavage once daily for 14 days. At the end of the experimental period, kidney tissues were collected for biochemical and histological analyses. Kidney apoptosis and marker gene expression were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS MEEA exhibited α-amylase inhibitory effects. MEEA significantly (p<0.05) reduced the STZ-induced increases in blood glucose, serum urea, serum creatinine, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and malondialdehyde and increased the STZ-induced decreases in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione. In addition, MEEA protects against DN by significantly downregulating the mRNA expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA), cAMP-response binding protein (CREB), and cFOS and upregulating B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), suggesting that the nephroprotective ability of MEEA is due to the modulation of the cAMP/PKA/CREB/cFOS signaling pathway. Furthermore, MEEA treatment protected against histopathological alterations observed in diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS The data from this study suggest that MEEA modulates glucose homeostasis and inhibits redox imbalance in DN rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi A Ojo
- 70671 Good Health and Wellbeing Research Clusters (SDG 03), Bowen University , Iwo, Nigeria
- Biochemistry Programme, 70671 Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL), Bowen University , Iwo, Nigeria
| | - David Ajeigbe
- 70671 Good Health and Wellbeing Research Clusters (SDG 03), Bowen University , Iwo, Nigeria
- Biochemistry Programme, 70671 Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL), Bowen University , Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Akingbolabo D Ogunlakin
- 70671 Good Health and Wellbeing Research Clusters (SDG 03), Bowen University , Iwo, Nigeria
- Biochemistry Programme, 70671 Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL), Bowen University , Iwo, Nigeria
| | | | - Mojisola Ayomipo
- 70671 Good Health and Wellbeing Research Clusters (SDG 03), Bowen University , Iwo, Nigeria
- Biochemistry Programme, 70671 Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL), Bowen University , Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Godwin Berana
- 70671 Good Health and Wellbeing Research Clusters (SDG 03), Bowen University , Iwo, Nigeria
- Biochemistry Programme, 70671 Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL), Bowen University , Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Peluola Ayeni
- 70671 Good Health and Wellbeing Research Clusters (SDG 03), Bowen University , Iwo, Nigeria
- Biochemistry Programme, 70671 Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL), Bowen University , Iwo, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Adebola B Ojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Basiru O Ajiboye
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Oye Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Omolara O Ojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
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Bruneau A, de Queiroz LP, Ringelberg JJ, Borges LM, Bortoluzzi RLDC, Brown GK, Cardoso DBOS, Clark RP, Conceição ADS, Cota MMT, Demeulenaere E, de Stefano RD, Ebinger JE, Ferm J, Fonseca-Cortés A, Gagnon E, Grether R, Guerra E, Haston E, Herendeen PS, Hernández HM, Hopkins HCF, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Hughes CE, Ickert-Bond SM, Iganci J, Koenen EJM, Lewis GP, de Lima HC, de Lima AG, Luckow M, Marazzi B, Maslin BR, Morales M, Morim MP, Murphy DJ, O’Donnell SA, Oliveira FG, Oliveira ACDS, Rando JG, Ribeiro PG, Ribeiro CL, Santos FDS, Seigler DS, da Silva GS, Simon MF, Soares MVB, Terra V. Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification. PHYTOKEYS 2024; 240:1-552. [PMID: 38912426 PMCID: PMC11188994 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Caesalpinioideae is the second largest subfamily of legumes (Leguminosae) with ca. 4680 species and 163 genera. It is an ecologically and economically important group formed of mostly woody perennials that range from large canopy emergent trees to functionally herbaceous geoxyles, lianas and shrubs, and which has a global distribution, occurring on every continent except Antarctica. Following the recent re-circumscription of 15 Caesalpinioideae genera as presented in Advances in Legume Systematics 14, Part 1, and using as a basis a phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear gene sequences for 420 species and all but five of the genera currently recognised in the subfamily, we present a new higher-level classification for the subfamily. The new classification of Caesalpinioideae comprises eleven tribes, all of which are either new, reinstated or re-circumscribed at this rank: Caesalpinieae Rchb. (27 genera / ca. 223 species), Campsiandreae LPWG (2 / 5-22), Cassieae Bronn (7 / 695), Ceratonieae Rchb. (4 / 6), Dimorphandreae Benth. (4 / 35), Erythrophleeae LPWG (2 /13), Gleditsieae Nakai (3 / 20), Mimoseae Bronn (100 / ca. 3510), Pterogyneae LPWG (1 / 1), Schizolobieae Nakai (8 / 42-43), Sclerolobieae Benth. & Hook. f. (5 / ca. 113). Although many of these lineages have been recognised and named in the past, either as tribes or informal generic groups, their circumscriptions have varied widely and changed over the past decades, such that all the tribes described here differ in generic membership from those previously recognised. Importantly, the approximately 3500 species and 100 genera of the former subfamily Mimosoideae are now placed in the reinstated, but newly circumscribed, tribe Mimoseae. Because of the large size and ecological importance of the tribe, we also provide a clade-based classification system for Mimoseae that includes 17 named lower-level clades. Fourteen of the 100 Mimoseae genera remain unplaced in these lower-level clades: eight are resolved in two grades and six are phylogenetically isolated monogeneric lineages. In addition to the new classification, we provide a key to genera, morphological descriptions and notes for all 163 genera, all tribes, and all named clades. The diversity of growth forms, foliage, flowers and fruits are illustrated for all genera, and for each genus we also provide a distribution map, based on quality-controlled herbarium specimen localities. A glossary for specialised terms used in legume morphology is provided. This new phylogenetically based classification of Caesalpinioideae provides a solid system for communication and a framework for downstream analyses of biogeography, trait evolution and diversification, as well as for taxonomic revision of still understudied genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bruneau
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de Sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke E., Montreal (QC) H1X 2B2, CanadaUniversité de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | - Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Transnordestina s/n, Campus, Novo Horizonte. 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Feira de SantanaFeira de SantanaBrazil
| | - Jens J. Ringelberg
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, SwitzerlandUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Old College, South Bridge, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UKUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Leonardo M. Borges
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Botânica, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São CarlosSão CarlosBrazil
| | - Roseli Lopes da Costa Bortoluzzi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Avenida Luiz de Camões 2090, 88520-000, Lages, Santa Catarina, BrazilUniversidade do Estado de Santa CatarinaSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Gillian K. Brown
- Queensland Herbarium and Biodiversity Science, Department of Environment and Science, Toowong, Queensland, 4066, AustraliaQueensland Herbarium and Biodiversity ScienceToowongAustralia
| | - Domingos B. O. S. Cardoso
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Pacheco Leão 915, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilInstituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução (PPGBioEvo), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Bahia (UFBA), Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s.n., Ondina, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, BrazilUniversidade Federal de BahiaSalvadorBrazil
| | - Ruth P. Clark
- Accelerated Taxonomy Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UKRoyal Botanic GardensRichmondUnited Kingdom
| | - Adilva de Souza Conceição
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Diversidade Vegetal, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Herbário HUNEB, Campus VIII, Rua do Gangorra 503, 48608-240, Paulo Afonso, Bahia, BrazilUniversidade do Estado da BahiaBahiaBrazil
| | - Matheus Martins Teixeira Cota
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Transnordestina s/n, Campus, Novo Horizonte. 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Feira de SantanaFeira de SantanaBrazil
| | - Else Demeulenaere
- Center for Island Sustainability and Sea Grant, University of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao, 96923, GuamUniversity of GuamMangilaoGuam
| | - Rodrigo Duno de Stefano
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo; CP 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, MexicoCentro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C.MéridaMexico
| | - John E. Ebinger
- Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920, USAEastern Illinois UniversityCharlestonUnited States of America
| | - Julia Ferm
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, 10691, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Andrés Fonseca-Cortés
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Transnordestina s/n, Campus, Novo Horizonte. 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Feira de SantanaFeira de SantanaBrazil
| | - Edeline Gagnon
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph (ON) N1G 2W1, CanadaRoyal Botanic Garden EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising, GermanyUniversity of GuelphGuelphCanada
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UKTechnical University MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Rosaura Grether
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Apdo. Postal 55-535, 09340 Ciudad de México, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana-IztapalapaCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Ethiéne Guerra
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Bloco IV - Prédio 43433, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Elspeth Haston
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UKTechnical University MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Patrick S. Herendeen
- Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, IL 60022, USAChicago Botanic GardenGlencoeUnited States of America
| | - Héctor M. Hernández
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, MexicoUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Helen C. F. Hopkins
- Accelerated Taxonomy Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UKRoyal Botanic GardensRichmondUnited Kingdom
| | - Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco
- Herbario Alwyn Gentry (HAG), Universidad Nacional Amazónica de Madre de Dios (UNAMAD), AV. Jorge Chávez N°1160, Madre de Dios, PeruUniversidad Nacional Amazónica de Madre de DiosMadre de DiosPeru
| | - Colin E. Hughes
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, SwitzerlandUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Stefanie M. Ickert-Bond
- Department of Biology & Wildlife & Herbarium (ALA) at the University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Fairbanks, P.O. Box 756960, Fairbanks AK 99775-6960, USAUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksUnited States of America
| | - João Iganci
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Bloco IV - Prédio 43433, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Passeio André Dreyfus, Departamento de Botânica, Prédio 21, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96010-900, BrazilUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasBrazil
| | - Erik J. M. Koenen
- Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté des Sciences, Campus du Solbosch - CP 160/12, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50, 1050 Bruxelles, BelgiumUniversité Libre de BruxellesBruxellesBelgium
| | - Gwilym P. Lewis
- Accelerated Taxonomy Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UKRoyal Botanic GardensRichmondUnited Kingdom
| | - Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Pacheco Leão 915, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilInstituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica / INMA-MCTI, Av. José Ruschi, 4, Centro, 29650-000, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, BrazilInstituto Nacional da Mata AtlânticaSanta TeresaBrazil
| | - Alexandre Gibau de Lima
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Pacheco Leão 915, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilInstituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Melissa Luckow
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, 215 Garden Avenue, Roberts Hall 260, Ithaca, NY 14853, USACornell UniversityIthacaUnited States of America
| | - Brigitte Marazzi
- Natural History Museum of Canton Ticino, Viale C. Cattaneo 4, 6900 Lugano, SwitzerlandNatural History Museum of Canton TicinoLuganoSwitzerland
| | - Bruce R. Maslin
- Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Western Australia, 6983, AustraliaWestern Australian HerbariumBentley Delivery CentreAustralia
- Singapore Herbarium, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, SingaporeSingapore HerbariumSingaporeSingapore
| | - Matías Morales
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, CIRN–CNIA, INTA. N. Repetto & Los Reseros s.n., Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstituto de Recursos BiológicosBuenos AiresArgentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, ArgentinaConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasCiudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Marli Pires Morim
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Pacheco Leão 915, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilInstituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Daniel J. Murphy
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, AustraliaRoyal Botanic Gardens VictoriaVictoriaAustralia
| | - Shawn A. O’Donnell
- Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UKNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Filipe Gomes Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Transnordestina s/n, Campus, Novo Horizonte. 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Feira de SantanaFeira de SantanaBrazil
| | - Ana Carla da Silva Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Transnordestina s/n, Campus, Novo Horizonte. 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Feira de SantanaFeira de SantanaBrazil
| | - Juliana Gastaldello Rando
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Rua Professor José Seabra Lemos 316, 47800-021, Barreiras, Bahia, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Oeste da BahiaBarreirasBrazil
| | - Pétala Gomes Ribeiro
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Transnordestina s/n, Campus, Novo Horizonte. 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Feira de SantanaFeira de SantanaBrazil
| | - Carolina Lima Ribeiro
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Transnordestina s/n, Campus, Novo Horizonte. 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Feira de SantanaFeira de SantanaBrazil
| | - Felipe da Silva Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Transnordestina s/n, Campus, Novo Horizonte. 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Feira de SantanaFeira de SantanaBrazil
| | - David S. Seigler
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USAUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaUnited States of America
| | - Guilherme Sousa da Silva
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 13083-876, São Paulo/SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de CampinasSão PauloBrazil
| | - Marcelo F. Simon
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, Caixa Postal 02372, 70770-917, Brasília/DF, BrazilEmpresa Brasileira de Pesquisa AgropecuáriaBrasíliaBrazil
| | - Marcos Vinícius Batista Soares
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Bloco IV - Prédio 43433, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Vanessa Terra
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria/RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaSanta MariaBrazil
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Origin, Persistence, and Vulnerability to Climate Changes of Podocarpus Populations in Central African Mountains. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives—Podocarpus latifolius (synonym of P. milanjianus) is a key tree representative of Afromontane forests where it is highly threatened by climate and land-use changes. While large populations occur in East Africa, only a few isolated and usually small populations remain in western Central Africa (Cameroon to Angola). Studying the evolutionary history of such relictual populations can thus be relevant to understand their resilience under changing environments. Materials and Methods—we developed nine polymorphic nuclear microsatellites (nSSRs) to estimate genetic variability, (historical) gene flow, and demographic changes among natural populations from Central to East Africa. Results—despite the extended distribution range of P. latifolius, a strong isolation-by-distance pattern emerges at the intra-population scale, indicating low seed and pollen dispersal capacities. Central African populations display a lower genetic diversity (He = 0.34 to 0.61) and are more differentiated from each other (FST = 0.28) than are East African populations (He = 0.65 to 0.71; FST = 0.10), suggesting high genetic drift in the Central African populations. Spatial genetic structure reveals past connections between East and West Africa but also a gene flow barrier across the equator in western Central Africa. Demographic modelling anchors the history of current lineages in the Pleistocene and supports a strong demographic decline in most western populations during the last glacial period. By contrast, no signature of demographic change was detected in East African populations. Conclusions—in Cameroon, our results exclude a recent (re)colonization from one source population of all mountain ranges, but rather indicate long-term persistence of populations in each mountain with fluctuating sizes. A higher impact of genetic drift and further loss of diversity can be expected by survival through climatically unfavorable periods in such small refugial populations. Tracking the Quaternary legacy of podocarp populations is thus essential for their conservation since there is a temporal gap between environment crises and an ecological/genetic answer at the population level.
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Neira-Salamea K, Doumbia J, Hillers A, Sandberger-Loua L, Kouamé NG, Brede C, Schäfer M, Blackburn DC, Barej MF, Rödel MO. A new slippery frog (Amphibia, Conrauidae, Conraua Nieden, 1908) from the Fouta Djallon Highlands, west-central Guinea. ZOOSYST EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/zse.98.76692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a new species of the genus Conraua from the Fouta Djallon Highlands in Guinea. The species is recognised as distinct from nominotypical C. alleni, based on morphological evidence and is supported by a recent species delimitation analysis, based on DNA sequence data. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the unique combination of the following characters: medium body size, robust limbs, only one instead of two palmar tubercles, the first finger webbed to below the first subarticular tubercle, presence of a lateral line system, indistinct tympanum, two subarticular tubercles on fingers III and IV, venter in adults white with dark brown spots or dark brown with grey or whitish spots. The new species differs from all congeners by more than 6% in the DNA sequence of mitochondrial ribosomal 16S. We discuss isolation in Pliocene and Pleistocene forest refugia as a potential driver of speciation in the C. alleni complex. We also emphasise the importance of conserving the remaining forest fragments in the Fouta Djallon Region for the preservation of both its unique biodiversity and its valuable water sources for local people.
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Pradhan N, Norris RW, Decher J, Peterhans JK, Gray CR, Bauer G, Carleton MD, Kilpatrick CW. Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of the Hybomys division (Muridae: Murinae: Arvicanthini), rodents endemic to Africa's rainforests. JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.21034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nelish Pradhan
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA; e-mail: ,
| | - Ryan W. Norris
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University at Lima, Lima, USA; e-mail: ,
| | - Jan Decher
- Mammal Section, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany; e-mail:
| | | | | | - George Bauer
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University at Lima, Lima, USA; e-mail: ,
| | - Michael D. Carleton
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Mammal Division, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, USA; e-mail:
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Vanden Abeele S, Janssens SB, Piñeiro R, Hardy OJ. Evidence of past forest fragmentation in the Congo Basin from the phylogeography of a shade-tolerant tree with limited seed dispersal: Scorodophloeus zenkeri (Fabaceae, Detarioideae). BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:50. [PMID: 33784979 PMCID: PMC8011194 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparative phylogeographic studies on rainforest species that are widespread in Central Africa often reveal genetic discontinuities within and between biogeographic regions, indicating (historical) barriers to gene flow, possibly due to repeated and/or long-lasting population fragmentation during glacial periods according to the forest refuge hypothesis. The impact of forest fragmentation seems to be modulated by the ecological amplitude and dispersal capacities of each species, resulting in different demographic histories. Moreover, while multiple studies investigated the western part of Central Africa (Lower Guinea), few have sufficiently sampled the heart of the Congo Basin (Congolia). In this study, we look for genetic discontinuities between populations of the widespread tropical tree Scorodophloeus zenkeri Harms (Fabaceae, Detarioideae) in Central Africa. Additionally, we characterize genetic diversity, selfing rate and fine-scale spatial genetic structure within populations to estimate the gene dispersal capacity of the species. RESULTS Clear intraspecific genetic discontinuities occur throughout the species' distribution range, with two genetic clusters in Congolia and four in Lower Guinea, and highest differentiation occurring between these bioregions. Genetic diversity is higher in Lower Guinea than Congolia. A spatial genetic structure characteristic of isolation by distance occurs within the genetic clusters. This allowed us to estimate gene dispersal distances (σg) for this outcrossing species with ballistic seed dispersal, which range between 100 and 250 m in areas where S. zenkeri occurs in high densities, and are in the low range of σg values compared to other tropical trees. Gene dispersal distances are larger in low density populations, probably due to extensive pollen dispersal capacity. CONCLUSIONS Fragmentation of S. zenkeri populations seems to have occurred not only in Lower Guinea but also in the Congo Basin, though not necessarily according to previously postulated forest refuge areas. The lower genetic diversity in Congolia compared to Lower Guinea parallels the known gradient of species diversity, possibly reflecting a stronger impact of past climate changes on the forest cover in Congolia. Despite its bisexual flowers, S. zenkeri appears to be mostly outcrossing. The limited dispersal observed in this species implies that genetic discontinuities resulting from past forest fragmentation can persist for a long time before being erased by gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Vanden Abeele
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium.
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Faculté Des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Steven B Janssens
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rosalía Piñeiro
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Olivier J Hardy
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Faculté Des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Does the Phytochemical Diversity of Wild Plants Like the Erythrophleum genus Correlate with Geographical Origin? Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061668. [PMID: 33802747 PMCID: PMC8002556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites are essential for plant survival and reproduction. Wild undomesticated and tropical plants are expected to harbor highly diverse metabolomes. We investigated the metabolomic diversity of two morphologically similar trees of tropical Africa, Erythrophleum suaveolens and E. ivorense, known for particular secondary metabolites named the cassaine-type diterpenoids. To assess how the metabolome varies between and within species, we sampled leaves from individuals of different geographic origins but grown from seeds in a common garden in Cameroon. Metabolites were analyzed using reversed phase LC-HRMS(/MS). Data were interpreted by untargeted metabolomics and molecular networks based on MS/MS data. Multivariate analyses enabled us to cluster samples based on species but also on geographic origins. We identified the structures of 28 cassaine-type diterpenoids among which 19 were new, 10 were largely specific to E. ivorense and five to E. suaveolens. Our results showed that the metabolome allows an unequivocal distinction of morphologically-close species, suggesting the potential of metabolite fingerprinting for these species. Plant geographic origin had a significant influence on relative concentrations of metabolites with variations up to eight (suaveolens) and 30 times (ivorense) between origins of the same species. This shows that the metabolome is strongly influenced by the geographical origin of plants (i.e., genetic factors).
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8
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Haran J, Ndzana Abanda RFX, Benoit L, Bakoumé C, Beaudoin-Ollivier L. Multilocus phylogeography of the world populations of Elaeidobius kamerunicus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), pollinator of the palm Elaeis guineensis. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:654-662. [PMID: 32381154 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485320000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) is one of the specific pollinators on inflorescences of the African oil palm Elaeis guineensis Jacquin. This derelomine weevil is native to tropical Africa. During the late 20th century, it was introduced into all tropical regions where E. guineensis is grown, in order to improve its pollination and fruit set. Despite an overall success, a decline in pollination efficiency has been documented in several regions. In this study, we reconstructed a multilocus phylogeography of the world populations of E. kamerunicus, in order to explore its genetic diversity in its native and introduced ranges. Our results showed that African populations of E. kamerunicus are forming two differentiated mitochondrial clusters in West and central Africa, forming a contact zone along the Cameroon Volcanic Line. The existence of this sharp contact zone along this weak altitudinal barrier suggests that other parameters, such as climate, may be driving the distribution of populations. A differential genetic structure between mitochondrial and nuclear genes, and the strong level of genetic structure of the mitochondrial gene, also suggest sex-biased dispersal in this species, with males dispersing more than females. The genetic structure inferred from Asian and South American populations suggests that they originate from populations of both western and central tropical Africa and that a bottleneck has probably been experienced by these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Haran
- CBGP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Laure Benoit
- CBGP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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9
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Kablan ACL, Konan JD, Komlaga G, Kabran FA, Daouda B, N'Tamon AD, Kouamé T, Jagora A, Leblanc K, Seon-Méniel B, Beniddir MA, Attioua KB, Le Pogam P, Champy P. Five new cassane diterpenes from the seeds and bark of Erythrophleum suaveolens. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104700. [PMID: 32763366 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Five new cassane-type diterpenoid heterosides, i. e. two cassane-type amides (1-2), two erythrophlamine-type amine esters (3-4) and a non‑nitrogenous erythrophlamine analogue (5) were isolated from the root barks (1-2) and the seeds (3-5) of Erythrophleum suaveolens. Their structures were unambiguously established by interpretation of their HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR data, and chemical degradation for sugar determination. Compounds 3-5 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against a panel of three cell lines, revealing modest to strong activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmont Claude Landry Kablan
- UFR des Sciences Biologiques, Université Peleforo Gon Coulibaly, BP 1328 Korhogo, Cote d'Ivoire; Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles, UFR Sciences des Structures de la Matiere et Technologie, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire; Équipe Chimie des Substances Naturelles, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jacques Dibi Konan
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles, UFR Sciences des Structures de la Matiere et Technologie, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire; Équipe Chimie des Substances Naturelles, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Gustav Komlaga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Faustin Aka Kabran
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles, UFR Sciences des Structures de la Matiere et Technologie, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Ballo Daouda
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles, UFR Sciences des Structures de la Matiere et Technologie, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Amon Diane N'Tamon
- Équipe Chimie des Substances Naturelles, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Mineral and General Chemistry, Training and Research Unit (UFR) of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Félix Houphouët Boigny University, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Tapé Kouamé
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles, UFR Sciences des Structures de la Matiere et Technologie, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Mineral and General Chemistry, Training and Research Unit (UFR) of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Félix Houphouët Boigny University, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Adrien Jagora
- Équipe Chimie des Substances Naturelles, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Karine Leblanc
- Équipe Chimie des Substances Naturelles, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Blandine Seon-Méniel
- Équipe Chimie des Substances Naturelles, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Mehdi A Beniddir
- Équipe Chimie des Substances Naturelles, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Koffi Barthélemy Attioua
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles, UFR Sciences des Structures de la Matiere et Technologie, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Pierre Le Pogam
- Équipe Chimie des Substances Naturelles, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Pierre Champy
- Équipe Chimie des Substances Naturelles, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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10
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Species delimitation in the African tree genus Lophira (Ochnaceae) reveals cryptic genetic variation. CONSERV GENET 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-020-01265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Yu W, Wu B, Wang X, Yao Z, Li Y, Liu Y. Scale-dependent effects of habitat fragmentation on the genetic diversity of Actinidia chinensis populations in China. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:172. [PMID: 33082978 PMCID: PMC7553913 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Spatial scale partly explains the differentiated effects of habitat fragmentation on plant biodiversity, but the mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate the effects of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity at different scales, we sampled Actinidia chinensis Planch. at broad and fine scales, China. The broad-scale sampling included five mountain populations and one oceanic island population (Zhoushan Archipelago), and the fine-scale sampling covered 11 lake islands and three neighboring land populations in Thousand-Island Lake (TIL). These populations were genotyped at 30 microsatellite loci, and genetic diversity, gene flow, and genetic differentiation were evaluated. Genetic differentiation was positively related to geographical distance at the broad scale, indicating an isolation-by-distance effect of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity. The oceanic population differed from the mainland populations and experienced recent bottleneck events, but it showed high gene flow with low genetic differentiation from a mountain population connected by the Yangtze River. At the fine scale, no negative genetic effects of habitat fragmentation were found because seed dispersal with water facilitates gene flow between islands. The population size of A. chinensis was positively correlated with the area of TIL islands, supporting island biogeography theory, but no correlation was found between genetic diversity and island area. Our results highlight the scale-dependent effects of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity and the importance of connectivity between island-like isolated habitats at both the broad and fine scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 8 Dayangfang, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Baofeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 8 Dayangfang, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 8 Dayangfang, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 8 Dayangfang, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 8 Dayangfang, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Yongbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 8 Dayangfang, 100012 Beijing, China
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Lompo D, Vinceti B, Konrad H, Gaisberger H, Geburek T. Phylogeography of African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) Reveals Genetic Divergence and Spatially Structured Populations in West and Central Africa. J Hered 2019; 109:811-824. [PMID: 30247720 PMCID: PMC6208456 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esy047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary history of African savannah tree species is crucial for the management of their genetic resources. In this study, we investigated the phylogeography of Parkia biglobosa and its modeled distribution under past and present climate conditions. This tree species is very valued and widespread in West Africa, providing edible and medicinal products. A large sample of 1610 individuals from 84 populations, distributed across 12 countries in Western and Central Africa, were genotyped using 8 nuclear microsatellites. Individual-based assignments clearly distinguished 3 genetic clusters, extreme West Africa (EWA), center of West Africa (CWA), and Central Africa (CA). Overall, estimates of genetic diversity were moderate to high, with lower values for populations in EWA (allelic richness after rarefaction [AR] = 6.4, expected heterozygosity [HE] = 0.78, and observed heterozygosity [HO] = 0.7) and CA (AR = 5.9, HE = 0.67, and HO = 0.61) compared with populations in CWA (AR = 7.3, HE = 0.79, and HO = 0.75). The overall population differentiation was found to be moderate (FST = 0.09). A highly significant isolation by distance pattern was detected, with a marked phylogeographic signature suggesting possible effects of past climate and geographic barriers to migration. Modeling the potential distribution of the species showed a contraction during the last glaciations followed by expansion events. The exploratory approximate Bayesian computation conducted suggests a best-supported scenario in which the cluster CWA traced back to the ancestral populations and a first split between EWA and CWA took place about 160000 years before present (BP), then a second split divided CA and CWA, about 100000 years BP. However, our genetic data do not enable us to conclusively distinguish among a few alternative possible scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djingdia Lompo
- Centre National de Semences Forestières, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Heino Konrad
- Austrian Research and Training Centre for Forests, Department of Forest Genetics, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Geburek
- Austrian Research and Training Centre for Forests, Department of Forest Genetics, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Neji M, Gorel A, Ojeda DI, Duminil J, Kastally C, Steppe K, Fayolle A, Hardy OJ. Comparative analysis of two sister Erythrophleum species (Leguminosae) reveal contrasting transcriptome-wide responses to early drought stress. Gene 2019; 694:50-62. [PMID: 30716444 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
With the ongoing climate change, African rainforests are expected to experience severe drought events in the future. In Africa, the tropical genus Erythrophleum (Fabaceae) includes two forest sister timber tree species displaying contrasting geographical distributions. Erythrophleum ivorense is adapted to wet evergreen Guineo-Congolian forests, whereas E. suaveolens occurs in a wider range of climates, being found in moist dense forests but also in gallery forests under a relatively drier climate. This geographical distribution pattern suggests that the two species might cope differently to drought at the genomic level. Yet, the genetic basis of tolerance response to drought stress in both species is still uncharacterized. To bridge this gap, we performed an RNA-seq approach on seedlings from each species to monitor their transcriptional responses at different levels of drought stress (0, 2 and 6 weeks after stopping watering seedlings). Monitoring of wilting symptoms revealed that E. suaveolens displayed an earlier phenotypic response to drought stress than E. ivorense. At the transcriptomic level, results revealed 2020 (1204 down-regulated/816 up-regulated) and 1495 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to drought stress from a total of 67,432 and 66,605 contigs assembled in E. ivorense and E. suaveolens, respectively. After identifying 30,374 orthologs between species, we found that only 7 of them were DEGs shared between species, while 587 and 458 were differentially expressed only in E. ivorense or E. suaveolens, respectively. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the two species differ in terms of significantly regulated pathways as well as the number and expression profile of DEGs (Up/Down) associated with each pathway in the two stress stages. Our results suggested that the two studied species react differently to drought. E. suaveolens seems displaying a prompt response to drought at its early stage strengthened by the down-regulation of many DEGs encoding for signaling and metabolism-related pathways. A considerable up-regulation of these pathways was also found in E. ivorense at the late stage of drought, suggesting this species may be a late responder. Overall, our data may serve as basis for further understanding the genetic control of drought tolerance in tropical trees and favor the selection of crucial genes for genetically enhancing drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Neji
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F.D. Roosevelt, 50, CP 160/12, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gabès, University of Gabès, Tunisia; Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
| | - Anais Gorel
- Department Biosystem Engineering (BIOSE), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Dario I Ojeda
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F.D. Roosevelt, 50, CP 160/12, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Unit of Ecology and Genetics, Department of Biology, Oulu University, Finland; Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Jérôme Duminil
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F.D. Roosevelt, 50, CP 160/12, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; UMR-DIADE, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Chedly Kastally
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F.D. Roosevelt, 50, CP 160/12, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adeline Fayolle
- Department Biosystem Engineering (BIOSE), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Olivier J Hardy
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F.D. Roosevelt, 50, CP 160/12, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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14
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Demenou BB, Doucet JL, Hardy OJ. History of the fragmentation of the African rain forest in the Dahomey Gap: insight from the demographic history of Terminalia superba. Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 120:547-561. [PMID: 29279603 PMCID: PMC5943585 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-017-0035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Paleo-environmental reconstructions show that the distribution of tropical African rain forests was affected by Quaternary climate changes. They suggest that the Dahomey Gap (DG)-the savanna corridor that currently separates Upper Guinean (UG, West Africa) and Lower Guinean (LG, western Central Africa) rain forest blocks-was forested during the African Humid Holocene period (from at least 9 ka till 4.5 ka), and possibly during other interglacial periods, while an open vegetation developed in the DG under drier conditions, notably during glacial maxima. Nowadays, relics of semi-deciduous forests containing UG and LG forest species are still present within the DG. We used one of these species, the pioneer tree Terminalia superba (Combretaceae), to study past forest fragmentation in the DG and its impact on infraspecific biodiversity. A Bayesian clustering analysis of 299 individuals genotyped at 14 nuclear microsatellites revealed five parapatric genetic clusters (UG, DG, and three in LG) with low to moderate genetic differentiation (Fst from 0.02 to 0.24). Approximate Bayesian Computation analyses inferred a demographic bottleneck around the penultimate glacial period in all populations. They also supported an origin of the DG population by admixture of UG and LG populations around 54,000 (27,600-161,000) years BP, thus before the Last Glacial Maximum. These results contrast with those obtained on Distemonanthus benthamianus where the DG population seems to originate from the Humid Holocene period. We discuss these differences in light of the ecology of each species. Our results challenge the simplistic view linking population fragmentation/expansion with glacial/interglacial periods in African forest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris B Demenou
- Faculté des Sciences, Evolution Biologique et Ecologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP160/12, Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Louis Doucet
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Central African Forests, BIOSE Department, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Olivier J Hardy
- Faculté des Sciences, Evolution Biologique et Ecologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP160/12, Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Tosso F, Hardy OJ, Doucet JL, Daïnou K, Kaymak E, Migliore J. Evolution in the Amphi-Atlantic tropical genus Guibourtia (Fabaceae, Detarioideae), combining NGS phylogeny and morphology. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 120:83-93. [PMID: 29222064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tropical rain forests support a remarkable diversity of tree species, questioning how and when this diversity arose. The genus Guibourtia (Fabaceae, Detarioideae), characterized by two South American and 13 African tree species growing in various tropical biomes, is an interesting model to address the role of biogeographic processes and adaptation to contrasted environments on species diversification. Combining whole plastid genome sequencing and morphological characters analysis, we studied the timing of speciation and diversification processes in Guibourtia through molecular dating and ancestral habitats reconstruction. All species except G. demeusei and G. copallifera appear monophyletic. Dispersal from Africa to America across the Atlantic Ocean is the most plausible hypothesis to explain the occurrence of Neotropical Guibourtia species, which diverged ca. 11.8 Ma from their closest African relatives. The diversification of the three main clades of African Guibourtia is concomitant to Miocene global climate changes, highlighting pre-Quaternary speciation events. These clades differ by their reproductive characters, which validates the three subgenera previously described: Pseudocopaiva, Guibourtia and Gorskia. Within most monophyletic species, plastid lineages start diverging from each other during the Pliocene or early Pleistocene, suggesting that these species already arose during this period. The multiple transitions between rain forests and dry forests/savannahs inferred here through the plastid phylogeny in each Guibourtia subgenus address thus new questions about the role of phylogenetic relationships in shaping ecological niche and morphological similarity among taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félicien Tosso
- TERRA Research Centre, Central African Forests, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium; Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit CP 160/12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avenue F. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Olivier J Hardy
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit CP 160/12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avenue F. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Louis Doucet
- TERRA Research Centre, Central African Forests, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Kasso Daïnou
- Nature + asbl / TERRA Research Centre, Central African Forests, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; BIOSE Department, Management of Forest Resources, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium; Université Nationale d'Agriculture, BP 43 Kétou, Benin.
| | - Esra Kaymak
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit CP 160/12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avenue F. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jérémy Migliore
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit CP 160/12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avenue F. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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16
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Bell RC, Parra JL, Badjedjea G, Barej MF, Blackburn DC, Burger M, Channing A, Dehling JM, Greenbaum E, Gvoždík V, Kielgast J, Kusamba C, Lötters S, McLaughlin PJ, Nagy ZT, Rödel M, Portik DM, Stuart BL, VanDerWal J, Zassi‐Boulou AG, Zamudio KR. Idiosyncratic responses to climate‐driven forest fragmentation and marine incursions in reed frogs from Central Africa and the Gulf of Guinea Islands. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:5223-5244. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rayna C. Bell
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington DC USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California, Berkeley CA USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Juan L. Parra
- Grupo de Ecología y Evolución de Vertebrados Instituto de Biología Universidad de Antioquia Medellín Colombia
| | - Gabriel Badjedjea
- Département d'Ecologie et Biodiversité des ressources Aquatiques Centre de Surveillance de la Biodiversité Kisangani Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Michael F. Barej
- Museum für Naturkunde ‐ Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany
| | - David C. Blackburn
- Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
- Department of Herpetology California Academy of Sciences San Francisco CA USA
| | - Marius Burger
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North‐West University Potchefstroom South Africa
- Flora Fauna & Man, Ecological Services Ltd. Tortola British Virgin Islands
| | - Alan Channing
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department University of the Western Cape Bellville South Africa
| | - Jonas Maximilian Dehling
- Abteilung Biologie Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften Universität Koblenz‐Landau Koblenz Germany
| | - Eli Greenbaum
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX USA
| | - Václav Gvoždík
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology National Museum Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jos Kielgast
- Section of Freshwater Biology Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate Natural History Museum of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Chifundera Kusamba
- Laboratoire d'Herpétologie Département de Biologie Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles Lwiro Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | | | - Zoltán T. Nagy
- Museum für Naturkunde ‐ Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Brussels Belgium
| | - Mark‐Oliver Rödel
- Museum für Naturkunde ‐ Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany
| | - Daniel M. Portik
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California, Berkeley CA USA
- Department of Biology University of Texas Arlington TX USA
| | | | - Jeremy VanDerWal
- Centre for Tropical Biodiveristy & Climate Change College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville Qld Australia
- Division of Research and Innovation eResearch Centre James Cook University Townsville Qld Australia
| | | | - Kelly R. Zamudio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
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17
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Iloh AC, Schmidt M, Muellner-Riehl AN, Ogundipe OT, Paule J. Pleistocene refugia and genetic diversity patterns in West Africa: Insights from the liana Chasmanthera dependens (Menispermaceae). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170511. [PMID: 28301470 PMCID: PMC5354259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Processes shaping the African Guineo-Congolian rain forest, especially in the West African part, are not well understood. Recent molecular studies, based mainly on forest tree species, confirmed the previously proposed division of the western African Guineo-Congolian rain forest into Upper Guinea (UG) and Lower Guinea (LG) separated by the Dahomey Gap (DG). Here we studied nine populations in the area of the DG and the borders of LG and UG of the widespread liana species, Chasmanthera dependens (Menispermaceae) by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), a chloroplast DNA sequence marker, and modelled the distribution based on current as well as paleoclimatic data (Holocene Climate Optimum, ca. 6 kyr BP and Last Glacial Maximum, ca. 22 kyr BP). Current population genetic structure and geographical pattern of cpDNA was related to present as well as historical modelled distributions. Results from this study show that past historical factors played an important role in shaping the distribution of C. dependens across West Africa. The Cameroon Volcanic Line seems to represent a barrier for gene flow in the present as well as in the past. Distribution modelling proposed refugia in the Dahomey Gap, supported also by higher genetic diversity. This is in contrast with the phylogeographic patterns observed in several rainforest tree species and could be explained by either diverging or more relaxed ecological requirements of this liana species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Chibuzor Iloh
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marco Schmidt
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexandra Nora Muellner-Riehl
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium LZ, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21–23, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Juraj Paule
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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18
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A nearest neighbour approach by genetic distance to the assignment of individual trees to geographic origin. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2017; 27:132-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Campbell LG, Shukla K, Sneck ME, Chaplin C, Mercer KL. The Effect of Altered Soil Moisture on Hybridization Rate in a Crop-Wild System (Raphanus spp.). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166802. [PMID: 27936159 PMCID: PMC5147839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since plant mating choices are flexible and responsive to the environment, rates of spontaneous hybridization may vary across ecological clines. Developing a robust and predictive framework for rates of plant gene flow requires assessing the role of environmental sensitivity on plant reproductive traits, relative abundance, and pollen vectors. Therefore, across a soil moisture gradient, we quantified pollinator movement, life-history trait variation, and unidirectional hybridization rates from crop (Raphanus sativus) to wild (Raphanus raphanistrum) radish populations. Both radish species were grown together in relatively dry (no rain), relatively wet (double rain), or control soil moisture conditions in Ohio, USA. We measured wild and crop radish life-history, phenology and pollinator visitation patterns. To quantify hybridization rates from crop-to-wild species, we used a simply inherited morphological marker to detect F1 hybrid progeny. Although crop-to-wild hybridization did not respond to watering treatments, the abundance of hybrid offspring was higher in fruits produced late in the period of phenological overlap, when both species had roughly equal numbers of open flowers. Therefore, the timing of fruit production and its relationship to flowering overlap may be more important to hybrid zone formation in Raphanus spp. than soil moisture or pollen vector movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley G. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kruti Shukla
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle E. Sneck
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Colleen Chaplin
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristin L. Mercer
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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20
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Faye A, Deblauwe V, Mariac C, Richard D, Sonké B, Vigouroux Y, Couvreur TLP. Phylogeography of the genus Podococcus (Palmae/Arecaceae) in Central African rain forests: Climate stability predicts unique genetic diversity. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 105:126-138. [PMID: 27521478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tropical rain forests of Central Africa contain high levels of species diversity. Paleovegetation or biodiversity patterns suggested successive contraction/expansion phases on this rain forest cover during the last glacial maximum (LGM). Consequently, the hypothesis of the existence of refugia e.g. habitat stability that harbored populations during adverse climatic periods has been proposed. Understory species are tightly associated to forest cover and consequently are ideal markers of forest dynamics. Here, we used two central African rain forest understory species of the palm genus, Podococcus, to assess the role of past climate variation on their distribution and genetic diversity. Species distribution modeling in the present and at the LGM was used to estimate areas of climatic stability. Genetic diversity and phylogeography were estimated by sequencing near complete plastomes for over 120 individuals. Areas of climatic stability were mainly located in mountainous areas like the Monts de Cristal and Monts Doudou in Gabon, but also lowland coastal forests in southeast Cameroon and northeast Gabon. Genetic diversity analyses shows a clear North-South structure of genetic diversity within one species. This divide was estimated to have originated some 500,000years ago. We show that, in Central Africa, high and unique genetic diversity is strongly correlated with inferred areas of climatic stability since the LGM. Our results further highlight the importance of coastal lowland rain forests in Central Africa as harboring not only high species diversity but also important high levels of unique genetic diversity. In the context of strong human pressure on coastal land use and destruction, such unique diversity hotspots need to be considered in future conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Faye
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR-DIADE, BP 64501, F-34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Université de Yaoundé I, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d'Ecologie, B.P. 047, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - V Deblauwe
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR-DIADE, BP 64501, F-34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Université de Yaoundé I, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d'Ecologie, B.P. 047, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - C Mariac
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR-DIADE, BP 64501, F-34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - D Richard
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR-DIADE, BP 64501, F-34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - B Sonké
- Université de Yaoundé I, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d'Ecologie, B.P. 047, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Y Vigouroux
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR-DIADE, BP 64501, F-34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - T L P Couvreur
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR-DIADE, BP 64501, F-34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Université de Yaoundé I, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d'Ecologie, B.P. 047, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Botany Section, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
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21
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Relationships between population density, fine-scale genetic structure, mating system and pollen dispersal in a timber tree from African rainforests. Heredity (Edinb) 2015; 116:295-303. [PMID: 26696137 PMCID: PMC4806568 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2015.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the reduction of population density and/or the environmental changes it induces, selective logging could affect the demography, reproductive biology and evolutionary potential of forest trees. This is particularly relevant in tropical forests where natural population densities can be low and isolated trees may be subject to outcross pollen limitation and/or produce low-quality selfed seeds that exhibit inbreeding depression. Comparing reproductive biology processes and genetic diversity of populations at different densities can provide indirect evidence of the potential impacts of logging. Here, we analysed patterns of genetic diversity, mating system and gene flow in three Central African populations of the self-compatible legume timber species Erythrophleum suaveolens with contrasting densities (0.11, 0.68 and 1.72 adults per ha). The comparison of inbreeding levels among cohorts suggests that selfing is detrimental as inbred individuals are eliminated between seedling and adult stages. Levels of genetic diversity, selfing rates (∼16%) and patterns of spatial genetic structure (Sp ∼0.006) were similar in all three populations. However, the extent of gene dispersal differed markedly among populations: the average distance of pollen dispersal increased with decreasing density (from 200 m in the high-density population to 1000 m in the low-density one). Overall, our results suggest that the reproductive biology and genetic diversity of the species are not affected by current logging practices. However, further investigations need to be conducted in low-density populations to evaluate (1) whether pollen limitation may reduce seed production and (2) the regeneration potential of the species.
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Hassanin A, Khouider S, Gembu GC, M. Goodman S, Kadjo B, Nesi N, Pourrut X, Nakouné E, Bonillo C. The comparative phylogeography of fruit bats of the tribe Scotonycterini (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae) reveals cryptic species diversity related to African Pleistocene forest refugia. C R Biol 2015; 338:197-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Ley AC, Dauby G, Köhler J, Wypior C, Röser M, Hardy OJ. Comparative phylogeography of eight herbs and lianas (Marantaceae) in central African rainforests. Front Genet 2014; 5:403. [PMID: 25477901 PMCID: PMC4237126 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetation history in tropical Africa is still to date hardly known and the drivers of population differentiation and speciation processes are little documented. It has often been postulated that population fragmentations following climate changes have played a key role in shaping the geographic distribution patterns of genetic diversity and in driving speciation. Here we analyzed phylogeographic patterns (chloroplast-DNA sequences) within and between eight (sister) species of widespread rainforest herbs and lianas from four genera of Marantaceae (Halopegia, Haumania, Marantochloa, Megaphrynium), searching for concordant patterns across species and concordance with the Pleistocene refuge hypothesis. Using 1146 plastid DNA sequences sampled across African tropical lowland rainforest, particularly in the Lower Guinean (LG) phytogeographic region, we analyzed intra- and interspecific patterns of genetic diversity, endemism and distinctiveness. Intraspecific patterns of haplotype diversity were concordant among most species as well as with the species-level diversity pattern of Marantaceae. Highest values were found in the hilly areas of Cameroon and Gabon. However, the spatial distribution of endemic haplotypes, an indicator for refuge areas in general, was not congruent across species. Each proposed refuge exhibited high values of endemism for one or a few species indicating their potential role as area of retraction for the respective species only. Thus, evolutionary histories seem to be diverse across species. In fact, areas of high diversity might have been both refuge and/or crossing zone of recolonization routes i.e., secondary contact zone. We hypothesize that retraction of species into one or the other refuge happened by chance depending on the species' distribution range at the time of climate deterioration. The idiosyncratic patterns found in Marantaceae species are similar to those found among tropical tree species, especially in southern LG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Ley
- Institut für Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, University Halle-WittenbergHalle (Saale), Germany
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium
| | - Gilles Dauby
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium
| | - Julia Köhler
- Institut für Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, University Halle-WittenbergHalle (Saale), Germany
| | - Catherina Wypior
- Institut für Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, University Halle-WittenbergHalle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin Röser
- Institut für Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, University Halle-WittenbergHalle (Saale), Germany
| | - Olivier J. Hardy
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium
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