1
|
Rahlff J, Esser SP, Plewka J, Heinrichs ME, Soares A, Scarchilli C, Grigioni P, Wex H, Giebel HA, Probst AJ. Marine viruses disperse bidirectionally along the natural water cycle. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6354. [PMID: 37816747 PMCID: PMC10564846 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine viruses in seawater have frequently been studied, yet their dispersal from neuston ecosystems at the air-sea interface towards the atmosphere remains a knowledge gap. Here, we show that 6.2% of the studied virus population were shared between air-sea interface ecosystems and rainwater. Virus enrichment in the 1-mm thin surface microlayer and sea foams happened selectively, and variant analysis proved virus transfer to aerosols collected at ~2 m height above sea level and rain. Viruses detected in rain and these aerosols showed a significantly higher percent G/C base content compared to marine viruses. CRISPR spacer matches of marine prokaryotes to foreign viruses from rainwater prove regular virus-host encounters at the air-sea interface. Our findings on aerosolization, adaptations, and dispersal support transmission of viruses along the natural water cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Rahlff
- Group for Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany.
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, 39231, Kalmar, Sweden.
- Aero-Aquatic Virus Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Sarah P Esser
- Group for Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Environmental Metagenomics, Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Plewka
- Group for Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Environmental Metagenomics, Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Mara Elena Heinrichs
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - André Soares
- Group for Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Environmental Metagenomics, Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Claudio Scarchilli
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Grigioni
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Heike Wex
- Atmospheric Microphysics, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Helge-Ansgar Giebel
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Center for Marine Sensors (ZfMarS), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Alexander J Probst
- Group for Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Environmental Metagenomics, Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Centre of Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Johannesson K, Leder EH, André C, Dupont S, Eriksson SP, Harding K, Havenhand JN, Jahnke M, Jonsson PR, Kvarnemo C, Pavia H, Rafajlović M, Rödström EM, Thorndyke M, Blomberg A. Ten years of marine evolutionary biology-Challenges and achievements of a multidisciplinary research initiative. Evol Appl 2023; 16:530-541. [PMID: 36793681 PMCID: PMC9923476 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology (CeMEB) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, was established in 2008 through a 10-year research grant of 8.7 m€ to a team of senior researchers. Today, CeMEB members have contributed >500 scientific publications, 30 PhD theses and have organised 75 meetings and courses, including 18 three-day meetings and four conferences. What are the footprints of CeMEB, and how will the centre continue to play a national and international role as an important node of marine evolutionary research? In this perspective article, we first look back over the 10 years of CeMEB activities and briefly survey some of the many achievements of CeMEB. We furthermore compare the initial goals, as formulated in the grant application, with what has been achieved, and discuss challenges and milestones along the way. Finally, we bring forward some general lessons that can be learnt from a research funding of this type, and we also look ahead, discussing how CeMEB's achievements and lessons can be used as a springboard to the future of marine evolutionary biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Johannesson
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Erica H Leder
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden.,Natural History Museum University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Carl André
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg Marine Research Station Fiskebäckskil Sweden.,International Atomic Energy Agency Principality of Monaco Monaco
| | - Susanne P Eriksson
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg Marine Research Station Fiskebäckskil Sweden
| | - Karin Harding
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Jonathan N Havenhand
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Marlene Jahnke
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Per R Jonsson
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Charlotta Kvarnemo
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Henrik Pavia
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Marina Rafajlović
- Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Eva Marie Rödström
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Michael Thorndyke
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg Marine Research Station Fiskebäckskil Sweden.,Department of Genomics Research in Ecology & Evolution in Nature (GREEN) Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) De Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Labra FA, San Martín VA, Jahnsen-Guzmán N, Fernández C, Zapata J, García-Huidobroro MR, Duarte C, García-Herrera C, Vivanco JF, Lardies MA, Lagos NA. Metabolic rate allometry in intertidal mussels across environmental gradients: The role of coastal carbonate system parameters in mediating the effects of latitude and temperature. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 184:114149. [PMID: 36162293 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We assess the role of direct and indirect effects of coastal environmental drivers (including the parameters of the carbonate system) on energy expenditure (MR) and body mass (M) of the intertidal mussel, Perumytilus purpuratus, across 10 populations distributed over 2800 km along the Southern Eastern Pacific (SEP) coast. We find biogeographic and local variation in carbonate system variables mediates the effects of latitude and temperature on metabolic rate allometry along the SEP coast. Also, the fitted Piecewise Structural Equation models (PSEM) have greater predictive ability (conditional R2 = 0.95) relative to the allometric scaling model (R2 = 0.35). The largest standardized coefficients for MR and M were determined by the influence of temperature and latitude, followed by pCO2, pH, total alkalinity, and salinity. Thus, physiological diversity of P. purpuratus along the SEP coast emerges as the result of direct and indirect effects of biogeographic and local environmental variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio A Labra
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Valeska A San Martín
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Jahnsen-Guzmán
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Fernández
- Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Zapata
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Roberto García-Huidobroro
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Duarte
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio García-Herrera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan F Vivanco
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Marco A Lardies
- Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Milenio de Socio-Ecología Costera - SECOS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson A Lagos
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Milenio de Socio-Ecología Costera - SECOS, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sanyal A, Larsson J, van Wirdum F, Andrén T, Moros M, Lönn M, Andrén E. Not dead yet: Diatom resting spores can survive in nature for several millennia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:67-82. [PMID: 34648178 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Understanding the adaptive capacities of species over long timescales lies in examining the revived recent and millennia-old resting spores buried in sediments. We show for the first time the revival, viability, and germination rate of resting spores of the diatom Chaetoceros deposited in sub-seafloor sediments from three ages (recent: 0 to 80 years; ancient: ~1250 (Medieval Climate Anomaly) and ~6600 (Holocene Thermal Maximum) calendar year before present. METHODS Recent and ancient Chaetoceros spores were revived to examine their viability and germination rate. Light and scanning electron microscopy and Sanger sequencing was done to identify the species. RESULTS We show that ~6600 cal. year BP old Chaetoceros resting spores are still viable and that the vegetative reproduction in recent and ancient resting spores varies. The time taken to germinate is three hours to 2 to 3 days in both recent and ancient spores, but the germination rate of the spores decreased with increasing age. The germination rate of the recent spores was ~41% while that of the ancient spores were ~31% and ~12% for the ~1250 and ~6600 cal. year BP old resting spores, respectively. Based on the morphology of the germinated vegetative cells we identified the species as Chaetoceros muelleri var. subsalsum. Sanger sequences of nuclear and chloroplast markers identified the species as Chaetoceros muelleri. CONCLUSIONS We identify a unique model system, Chaetoceros muelleri var. subsalsum and show that recent and ancient resting spores of the species buried in sediments in the Baltic Sea can be revived and used for long-term evolutionary studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Sanyal
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Alfred Nobels allé 7, SE-14189 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75651 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josefine Larsson
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Alfred Nobels allé 7, SE-14189 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Falkje van Wirdum
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Alfred Nobels allé 7, SE-14189 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Andrén
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Alfred Nobels allé 7, SE-14189 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Moros
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, DE-18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mikael Lönn
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Alfred Nobels allé 7, SE-14189 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elinor Andrén
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Alfred Nobels allé 7, SE-14189 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Castillo AM, De León LF. Evolutionary mismatch along salinity gradients in a Neotropical water strider. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:5121-5134. [PMID: 34025996 PMCID: PMC8131768 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of local adaptation is crucial for the in situ persistence of populations in changing environments. However, selection along broad environmental gradients could render local adaptation difficult, and might even result in maladaptation. We address this issue by quantifying fitness trade-offs (via common garden experiments) along a salinity gradient in two populations of the Neotropical water strider Telmatometra withei-a species found in both fresh (FW) and brackish (BW) water environments across Panama. We found evidence for local adaptation in the FW population in its home FW environment. However, the BW population showed only partial adaptation to the BW environment, with a high magnitude of maladaptation along naturally occurring salinity gradients. Indeed, its overall fitness was ~60% lower than that of the ancestral FW population in its home environment, highlighting the role of phenotypic plasticity, rather than local adaptation, in high salinity environments. This suggests that populations seemingly persisting in high salinity environments might in fact be maladapted, following drastic changes in salinity. Thus, variable selection imposed by salinization could result in evolutionary mismatch, where the fitness of a population is displaced from its optimal environment. Understanding the fitness consequences of persisting in fluctuating salinity environments is crucial to predict the persistence of populations facing increasing salinization. It will also help develop evolutionarily informed management strategies in the context of global change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anakena M. Castillo
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de DrogasInstituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT‐AIP)PanamáPanamá
- Department of BiotechnologyAcharya Nagarjuna UniversityGunturIndia
| | - Luis F. De León
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de DrogasInstituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT‐AIP)PanamáPanamá
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pearman JK, Chust G, Aylagas E, Villarino E, Watson JR, Chenuil A, Borja A, Cahill AE, Carugati L, Danovaro R, David R, Irigoien X, Mendibil I, Moncheva S, Rodríguez-Ezpeleta N, Uyarra MC, Carvalho S. Pan-regional marine benthic cryptobiome biodiversity patterns revealed by metabarcoding Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:4882-4897. [PMID: 33063375 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) have been applied worldwide to characterize the critical yet frequently overlooked biodiversity patterns of marine benthic organisms. In order to disentangle the relevance of environmental factors in benthic patterns, here, through standardized metabarcoding protocols, we analyse sessile and mobile (<2 mm) organisms collected using ARMS deployed across six regions with different environmental conditions (3 sites × 3 replicates per region): Baltic, Western Mediterranean, Adriatic, Black and Red Seas, and the Bay of Biscay. A total of 27,473 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) were observed ranging from 1,404 in the Black Sea to 9,958 in the Red Sea. No ASVs were shared among all regions. The highest number of shared ASVs was between the Western Mediterranean and the Adriatic Sea (116) and Bay of Biscay (115). Relatively high numbers of ASVs (103), mostly associated with the genus Amphibalanus, were also shared between the lower salinity seas (Baltic and Black Seas). We found that compositional differences in spatial patterns of rocky-shore benthos are determined slightly more by dispersal limitation than environmental filtering. Dispersal limitation was similar between sessile and mobile groups, while the sessile group had a larger environmental niche breadth than the mobile group. Further, our study can provide a foundation for future evaluations of biodiversity patterns in the cryptobiome, which can contribute up to 70% of the local biodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John K Pearman
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Guillem Chust
- AZTI, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)-Marine Research, Herrera Kaia, Pasaia (Gipuzkoa), Spain
| | - Eva Aylagas
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ernesto Villarino
- AZTI, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)-Marine Research, Herrera Kaia, Pasaia (Gipuzkoa), Spain.,College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James R Watson
- College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Anne Chenuil
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Angel Borja
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Laura Carugati
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto Danovaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Romain David
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Xabier Irigoien
- AZTI, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)-Marine Research, Herrera Kaia, Pasaia (Gipuzkoa), Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iñaki Mendibil
- AZTI, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)-Marine Research, Herrera Kaia, Pasaia (Gipuzkoa), Spain
| | | | - Naiara Rodríguez-Ezpeleta
- AZTI, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)-Marine Research, Herrera Kaia, Pasaia (Gipuzkoa), Spain
| | - Maria C Uyarra
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Susana Carvalho
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Johannesson K, Le Moan A, Perini S, André C. A Darwinian Laboratory of Multiple Contact Zones. Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 35:1021-1036. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
8
|
Melzner F, Buchholz B, Wolf F, Panknin U, Wall M. Ocean winter warming induced starvation of predator and prey. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200970. [PMID: 32673558 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocean warming impacts the fitness of marine ectothermic species, leading to poleward range shifts, re-shuffling of communities, and changes in ecosystem services. While the detrimental effects of summer heat waves have been widely studied, little is known about the impacts of winter warming on marine species in temperate regions. Many species benefit from low winter temperature-induced reductions in metabolism, as these permit conservation of energy reserves that are needed to support reproduction in spring. Here, we used a unique outdoor mesocosm system to expose a coastal predator-prey system, the sea star Asterias and the blue mussel Mytilus, to different winter warming scenarios under near-natural conditions. We found that the body condition of mussels decreased in a linear fashion with increasing temperature. Sea star growth also decreased with increasing temperature, which was a function of unaltered predation rates and decreased mussel body condition. Asterias relative digestive gland mass strongly declined over the studied temperature interval (ca twofold). This could have severe implications for reproductive capacity in the following spring, as digestive glands provide reserve compounds to maturing gonads. Thus, both predator and prey suffered from a mismatch of energy acquisition versus consumption in warmer winter scenarios, with pronounced consequences for food web energy transfer in future oceans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Melzner
- Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Hohenbergstrasse 2, 24105 Kiel, Germany.,Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany
| | - Björn Buchholz
- Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Hohenbergstrasse 2, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Fabian Wolf
- Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Hohenbergstrasse 2, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrike Panknin
- Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Hohenbergstrasse 2, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marlene Wall
- Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Hohenbergstrasse 2, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wrange AL, Barboza FR, Ferreira J, Eriksson-Wiklund AK, Ytreberg E, Jonsson PR, Watermann B, Dahlström M. Monitoring biofouling as a management tool for reducing toxic antifouling practices in the Baltic Sea. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 264:110447. [PMID: 32364954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Over two million leisure boats use the coastal areas of the Baltic Sea for recreational purposes. The majority of these boats are painted with toxic antifouling paints that release biocides into the coastal ecosystems and negatively impact non-targeted species. Regulations concerning the use of antifouling paints differ dramatically between countries bordering the Baltic Sea and most of them lack the support of biological data. In the present study, we collected data on biofouling in 17 marinas along the Baltic Sea coast during three consecutive boating seasons (May-October 2014, 2015 and 2016). In this context, we compared different monitoring strategies and developed a fouling index (FI) to characterise marinas according to the recorded biofouling abundance and type (defined according to the hardness and strength of attachment to the substrate). Lower FI values, i.e. softer and/or less abundant biofouling, were consistently observed in marinas in the northern Baltic Sea. The decrease in FI from the south-western to the northern Baltic Sea was partially explained by the concomitant decrease in salinity. Nevertheless, most of the observed changes in biofouling seemed to be determined by local factors and inter-annual variability, which emphasizes the necessity for systematic monitoring of biofouling by end-users and/or authorities for the effective implementation of non-toxic antifouling alternatives in marinas. Based on the obtained results, we discuss how monitoring programs and other related measures can be used to support adaptive management strategies towards more sustainable antifouling practices in the Baltic Sea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lisa Wrange
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Kristineberg 566, 45178, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden; RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB, Bioscience and Materials, Box 857, 50115, Borås, Sweden.
| | - Francisco R Barboza
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Joao Ferreira
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-11418, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Erik Ytreberg
- Chalmers University of Technology, Campus Lindholmen, Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per R Jonsson
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, SE-45294, Strömstad, Sweden; Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Finland
| | | | - Mia Dahlström
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB, Bioscience and Materials, Box 857, 50115, Borås, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
De Wit P, Jonsson PR, Pereyra RT, Panova M, André C, Johannesson K. Spatial genetic structure in a crustacean herbivore highlights the need for local considerations in Baltic Sea biodiversity management. Evol Appl 2020; 13:974-990. [PMID: 32431747 PMCID: PMC7232771 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Incorporating species' eco-evolutionary responses to human-caused disturbances remains a challenge in marine management efforts. A prerequisite is knowledge of geographic structure and scale of genetic diversity and connectivity-the so-called seascape genetic patterns. The Baltic Sea is an excellent model system for studies linking seascape genetics with effects of anthropogenic stress. However, seascape genetic patterns in this area are only described for a few species and are completely unknown for invertebrate herbivores, which constitute a critical part of the ecosystem. This information is crucial for sustainable management, particularly under future scenarios of rapid environmental change. Here, we investigate the population genetic structure among 31 locations throughout the Baltic Sea, of which 45% were located in marine protected areas, in one of the most important herbivores of this region, the isopod crustacean Idotea balthica, using an array of 33,774 genome-wide SNP markers derived from 2b-RAD sequencing. In addition, we generate a biophysical connectivity matrix for I. balthica from a combination of oceanographic current models and estimated life history traits. We find population structure on scales of hundreds of kilometers across the Baltic Sea, where genomic patterns in most cases closely match biophysical connectivity, indicating passive transport with oceanographic currents as an important mean of dispersal in this species. We also find a reduced genetic diversity in terms of heterozygosity along the main salinity gradient of the Baltic Sea, suggesting periods of low population size. Our results provide crucial information for the management of a key ecosystem species under expected changes in temperature and salinity following global climate change in a marine coastal area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre De Wit
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgTjärnöSweden
| | - Per R. Jonsson
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgTjärnöSweden
- Environmental and Marine BiologyÅbo Akademi UniversityTurkuFinland
| | | | - Marina Panova
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgTjärnöSweden
| | - Carl André
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgTjärnöSweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Conradi M, Sánchez-Moyano JE, Bhuiyan MKA, Rodríguez-Romero A, Galotti A, Basallote MD, DelValls A, Parra G, Riba I. Intraspecific variation in the response of the estuarine European isopod Cyathura carinata (Krøyer, 1847) to ocean acidification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 683:134-145. [PMID: 31129324 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present study the model isopod, Cyathura carinata were exposed to four pHNIST treatments (control: 7.9; 7.5, 7, 6.5) in order to determine the tolerance and pH threshold value this estuarine species withstand under future acidification scenarios. Seawater acidification significantly affected the lifespan of C. carinata, where population density was remarkably reduced at the lowest pH treatment. The longevity, survivorship and swimming activity (related to the acquisition of energy) of these isopods decreased with decreasing pH. Furthermore, to determine the possible metabolic plasticity of this species, the swimming activity, the Na+/K + -ATPase activity (relevant for osmoregulation process), and the RNA:DNA ratio (an indicator of fitness) were measure from two populations of C. carinata, one inhabiting a stable environment (pHNIST 7.5-8.0) and one inhabiting a fluctuating pCO2 regimes (pH 3.3-8.5) subjected to three pH treatments (7.9, 7.0 and 6.5). The population from high fluctuating pCO2 conditions showed capacity to withstand to pH 6.5, as well as higher longevity and metabolic plasticity, when compared with the population from the habitat with slight pCO2 variation. These results indicate that Cyathura population from stable environments could be vulnerable to ocean acidification because it could trigger detrimental effects on its survival energy budget, and growth. However, ocean acidification has limited effect on the energy budget and survival of C. carinata population from highly variable habitats, suggesting that they are able to cope with the elevated energy demand. The difference showed between populations is likely an indication of genetic differentiation in tolerance to ocean acidification, possibly attributable to local adaptations, which could provide the raw material necessary for adaptation to future conditions. In addition, our results suggest that when assessing marine crustacean responses to changing environments on a global scale, variability in population and metabolic responses need to be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Conradi
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Av Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla. Spain.
| | - J E Sánchez-Moyano
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Av Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla. Spain
| | - M K A Bhuiyan
- UNESCO UNITWIN/UNICOP, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, PG Rio San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - A Rodríguez-Romero
- Green Engineering Resources Group (GER), Departamento de Química e Ingeniería de Procesos y Recursos (ETSIIT), Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain
| | - A Galotti
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - M D Basallote
- Department of Earth Sciences & Research Center on Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - A DelValls
- UNESCO UNITWIN/UNICOP, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, PG Rio San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - G Parra
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - I Riba
- UNESCO UNITWIN/UNICOP, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, PG Rio San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sundell K, Wrange AL, Jonsson PR, Blomberg A. Osmoregulation in Barnacles: An Evolutionary Perspective of Potential Mechanisms and Future Research Directions. Front Physiol 2019; 10:877. [PMID: 31496949 PMCID: PMC6712927 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Barnacles form a globally ubiquitous group of sessile crustaceans that are particularly common in the coastal intertidal. Several barnacle species are described as highly euryhaline and a few species even have the ability to colonize estuarine and brackish habitats below 5 PSU. However, the physiological and/or morphological adaptations that allow barnacles to live at low salinities are poorly understood and current knowledge is largely based on classical eco-physiological studies offering limited insight into the molecular mechanisms. This review provides an overview of available knowledge of salinity tolerance in barnacles and what is currently known about their osmoregulatory strategies. To stimulate future studies on barnacle euryhalinity, we briefly review and compare barnacles to other marine invertebrates with known mechanisms of osmoregulation with focus on crustaceans. Different mechanisms are described based on the current understanding of molecular biology and integrative physiology of osmoregulation. We focus on ion and water transport across epithelial cell layers, including transport mechanisms across cell membranes and paracellular transfer across tight junctions as well as on the use of intra- and extracellular osmolytes. Based on this current knowledge, we discuss the osmoregulatory mechanisms possibly present in barnacles. We further discuss evolutionary consequences of barnacle osmoregulation including invasion-success in new habitats and life-history evolution. Tolerance to low salinities may play a crucial role in determining future distributions of barnacles since forthcoming climate-change scenarios predict decreased salinity in shallow coastal areas. Finally, we outline future research directions to identify osmoregulatory tissues, characterize physiological and molecular mechanisms, and explore ecological and evolutionary implications of osmoregulation in barnacles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Sundell
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Swedish Mariculture Research Center (SWEMARC), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Lisa Wrange
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Per R Jonsson
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jonsson PR, Wrange AL, Lind U, Abramova A, Ogemark M, Blomberg A. The Barnacle Balanus improvisus as a Marine Model - Culturing and Gene Expression. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30148484 PMCID: PMC6126684 DOI: 10.3791/57825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Barnacles are marine crustaceans with a sessile adult and free-swimming, planktonic larvae. The barnacle Balanus (Amphibalanus) improvisus is particularly relevant as a model for the studies of osmoregulatory mechanisms because of its extreme tolerance to low salinity. It is also widely used as a model of settling biology, in particular in relation to antifouling research. However, natural seasonal spawning yields an unpredictable supply of cyprid larvae for studies. A protocol for the all-year-round culturing of B. improvisus has been developed and a detailed description of all steps in the production line is outlined (i.e., the establishment of adult cultures on panels, the collection and rearing of barnacle larvae, and the administration of feed for adults and larvae). The description also provides guidance on troubleshooting and discusses critical parameters (e.g., the removal of contamination, the production of high-quality feed, the manpower needed, and the importance of high-quality seawater). Each batch from the culturing system maximally yields roughly 12,000 nauplii and can deliver four batches in a week, so up to almost 50,000 larvae per week can be produced. The method used to culture B. improvisus is, probably, to a large extent also applicable to other marine invertebrates with free-swimminglarvae. Protocols are presented for the dissection of various tissues from adults as well as the production of high-quality RNA for studies on gene expression. It is also described how cultured adults and reared cyprids can be utilized in a wide array of experimental designs for examining gene expression in relation to external factors. The use of cultured barnacles in gene expression is illustrated with studies of possible osmoregulatory roles of Na+/K+ ATPase and aquaporins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Per R Jonsson
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg
| | | | - Ulrika Lind
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg
| | - Anna Abramova
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg
| | | | - Anders Blomberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rugiu L, Manninen I, Rothäusler E, Jormalainen V. Tolerance and potential for adaptation of a Baltic Sea rockweed under predicted climate change conditions. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 134:76-84. [PMID: 29331243 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is threating species' persistence worldwide. To predict species responses to climate change we need information not just on their environmental tolerance but also on its adaptive potential. We tested how the foundation species of rocky littoral habitats, Fucus vesiculosus, responds to combined hyposalinity and warming projected to the Baltic Sea by 2070-2099. We quantified responses of replicated populations originating from the entrance, central, and marginal Baltic regions. Using replicated individuals, we tested for the presence of within-population tolerance variation. Future conditions hampered growth and survival of the central and marginal populations whereas the entrance populations fared well. Further, both the among- and within-population variation in responses to climate change indicated existence of genetic variation in tolerance. Such standing genetic variation provides the raw material necessary for adaptation to a changing environment, which may eventually ensure the persistence of the species in the inner Baltic Sea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rugiu
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Iita Manninen
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Eva Rothäusler
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Veijo Jormalainen
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20014, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pansch C, Hattich GSI, Heinrichs ME, Pansch A, Zagrodzka Z, Havenhand JN. Long-term exposure to acidification disrupts reproduction in a marine invertebrate. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192036. [PMID: 29408893 PMCID: PMC5800648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change research is advancing to more complex and more comprehensive studies that include long-term experiments, multiple life-history stages, multi-population, and multi-trait approaches. We used a population of the barnacle Balanus improvisus known to be sensitive to short-term acidification to determine its potential for long-term acclimation to acidification. We reared laboratory-bred individuals (as singles or pairs), and field-collected assemblages of barnacles, at pH 8.1 and 7.5 (≈ 400 and 1600 μatm pCO2 respectively) for up to 16 months. Acidification caused strong mortality and reduced growth rates. Acidification suppressed respiration rates and induced a higher feeding activity of barnacles after 6 months, but this suppression of respiration rate was absent after 15 months. Laboratory-bred barnacles developed mature gonads only when they were held in pairs, but nonetheless failed to produce fertilized embryos. Field-collected barnacles reared in the laboratory for 8 months at the same pH’s developed mature gonads, but only those in pH 8.1 produced viable embryos and larvae. Because survivors of long-term acidification were not capable of reproducing, this demonstrates that B. improvisus can only partially acclimate to long-term acidification. This represents a clear and significant bottleneck in the ontogeny of this barnacle population that may limit its potential to persist in a future ocean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pansch
- Department of Marine Sciences – Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Strömstad, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Giannina S. I. Hattich
- Department of Marine Sciences – Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Mara E. Heinrichs
- Department of Marine Sciences – Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Andreas Pansch
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Wattenmeerstation Sylt, List, Germany
| | - Zuzanna Zagrodzka
- Department of Marine Sciences – Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Jonathan N. Havenhand
- Department of Marine Sciences – Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Strömstad, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pansch C, Jonsson PR, Berglin M, Pinori E, Wrange AL. A new flow-through bioassay for testing low-emission antifouling coatings. BIOFOULING 2017; 33:613-623. [PMID: 28792237 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1349897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Current antifouling (AF) technologies are based on the continuous release of biocides into the water, and consequently discharge into the environment. Major efforts to develop more environmentally friendly coatings require efficient testing in laboratory assays, followed by field studies. Barnacles are important fouling organisms worldwide, increasing hydrodynamic drag on ships and damaging coatings on underwater surfaces, and thus are extensively used as models in AF research, mostly in static, laboratory-based systems. Reliable flow-through test assays for the screening of biocide-containing AF paints, however, are rare. Herein, a flow-through bioassay was developed to screen for diverse low-release biocide paints, and to evaluate their effects on pre- and post-settlement traits in barnacles. The assay distinguishes between the effects from direct surface contact and bulk-water effects, which are crucial when developing low-emission AF coatings. This flow-through bioassay adds a new tool for rapid laboratory-based first-stage screening of candidate compounds and novel AF formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pansch
- a Department of Marine Ecology , GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel , Kiel , Germany
- b Department of Marine Sciences-Tjärnö , University of Gothenburg , Strömstad , Sweden
| | - Per R Jonsson
- b Department of Marine Sciences-Tjärnö , University of Gothenburg , Strömstad , Sweden
| | - Mattias Berglin
- c Bioscience and Materials , RISE Research Institutes of Sweden , Borås , Sweden
| | - Emiliano Pinori
- c Bioscience and Materials , RISE Research Institutes of Sweden , Borås , Sweden
| | - Anna-Lisa Wrange
- c Bioscience and Materials , RISE Research Institutes of Sweden , Borås , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lind U, Järvå M, Alm Rosenblad M, Pingitore P, Karlsson E, Wrange AL, Kamdal E, Sundell K, André C, Jonsson PR, Havenhand J, Eriksson LA, Hedfalk K, Blomberg A. Analysis of aquaporins from the euryhaline barnacle Balanus improvisus reveals differential expression in response to changes in salinity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181192. [PMID: 28715506 PMCID: PMC5513457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Barnacles are sessile macro-invertebrates, found along rocky shores in coastal areas worldwide. The euryhaline bay barnacle Balanus improvisus (Darwin, 1854) (= Amphibalanus improvisus) can tolerate a wide range of salinities, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the osmoregulatory capacity of this truly brackish species are not well understood. Aquaporins are pore-forming integral membrane proteins that facilitate transport of water, small solutes and ions through cellular membranes, and that have been shown to be important for osmoregulation in many organisms. The knowledge of the function of aquaporins in crustaceans is, however, limited and nothing is known about them in barnacles. We here present the repertoire of aquaporins from a thecostracan crustacean, the barnacle B. improvisus, based on genome and transcriptome sequencing. Our analyses reveal that B. improvisus contains eight genes for aquaporins. Phylogenetic analysis showed that they represented members of the classical water aquaporins (Aqp1, Aqp2), the aquaglyceroporins (Glp1, Glp2), the unorthodox aquaporin (Aqp12) and the arthropod-specific big brain aquaporin (Bib). Interestingly, we also found two big brain-like proteins (BibL1 and BibL2) constituting a new group of aquaporins not yet described in arthropods. In addition, we found that the two water-specific aquaporins were expressed as C-terminal splice variants. Heterologous expression of some of the aquaporins followed by functional characterization showed that Aqp1 transported water and Glp2 water and glycerol, agreeing with the predictions of substrate specificity based on 3D modeling and phylogeny. To investigate a possible role for the B. improvisus aquaporins in osmoregulation, mRNA expression changes in adult barnacles were analysed after long-term acclimation to different salinities. The most pronounced expression difference was seen for AQP1 with a substantial (>100-fold) decrease in the mantle tissue in low salinity (3 PSU) compared to high salinity (33 PSU). Our study provides a base for future mechanistic studies on the role of aquaporins in osmoregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Lind
- Department of Marine Sciences, Lundberg laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Järvå
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Lundberg laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Alm Rosenblad
- Department of Marine Sciences, National Infrastructure of Bioinformatics (NBIS), Lundberg laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Piero Pingitore
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emil Karlsson
- Department of Marine Sciences, Lundberg laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Lisa Wrange
- RISE Research Institute of Sweden, Section for Chemistry and Materials, Borås, Sweden
| | - Emelie Kamdal
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Lundberg laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Sundell
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl André
- Department of Marine Sciences-Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Per R. Jonsson
- Department of Marine Sciences-Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Jon Havenhand
- Department of Marine Sciences-Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Leif A. Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Lundberg laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Hedfalk
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Lundberg laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Department of Marine Sciences, Lundberg laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Porter CK, Benkman CW. Assessing the Potential Contributions of Reduced Immigrant Viability and Fecundity to Reproductive Isolation. Am Nat 2017; 189:580-591. [DOI: 10.1086/691191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
19
|
Nasrolahi A, Havenhand J, Wrange AL, Pansch C. Population and life-stage specific sensitivities to temperature and salinity stress in barnacles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32263. [PMID: 27582433 PMCID: PMC5007501 DOI: 10.1038/srep32263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature and salinity shape the distribution and genetic structure of marine communities. Future warming and freshening will exert an additional stress to coastal marine systems. The extent to which organisms respond to these shifts will, however, be mediated by the tolerances of all life-stages and populations of species and their potential to adapt. We investigated nauplius and cypris larvae of the barnacle Balanus (Amphibalanus) improvisus from the Swedish west coast with respect to temperature (12, 20, and 28 °C) and salinity (5, 15, and 30) tolerances. Warming accelerated larval development and increased overall survival and subsequent settlement success. Nauplii developed and metamorphosed best at intermediate salinity. This was also observed in cypris larvae when the preceding nauplii stages had been reared at a salinity of 30. Direct comparisons of the present findings with those on a population from the more brackish Baltic Sea demonstrate contrasting patterns. We conclude that i) B. improvisus larvae within the Baltic region will be favoured by near-future seawater warming and freshening, that ii) salinity tolerances of larvae from the two different populations reflect salinities in their native habitats, but are nonetheless suboptimal and that iii) this species is generally highly plastic with regard to salinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nasrolahi
- Department of Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonathan Havenhand
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, 45296 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Anna-Lisa Wrange
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, 45296 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Christian Pansch
- Department of Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu W, Zhao Y, You J, Qi D, Zhou Y, Chen J, Song Z. Morphological and Genetic Variation along a North-to-South Transect in Stipa purpurea, a Dominant Grass on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: Implications for Response to Climate Change. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161972. [PMID: 27580056 PMCID: PMC5006974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estimating the potential of species to cope with rapid environmental climatic modifications is of vital importance for determining their future viability and conservation. The variation between existing populations along a climatic gradient may predict how a species will respond to future climate change. Stipa purpurea is a dominant grass species in the alpine steppe and meadow of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Ecological niche modelling was applied to S. purpurea, and its distribution was found to be most strongly correlated with the annual precipitation and the mean temperature of the warmest quarter. We established a north-to-south transect over 2000 km long on the QTP reflecting the gradients of temperature and precipitation, and then we estimated the morphological by sampling fruited tussocks and genetic divergence by using 11 microsatellite markers between 20 populations along the transect. Reproductive traits (the number of seeds and reproductive shoots), the reproductive-vegetative growth ratio and the length of roots in the S. purpurea populations varied significantly with climate variables. S. purpurea has high genetic diversity (He = 0.585), a large effective population size (Ne >1,000), and a considerable level of gene flow between populations. The S. purpurea populations have a mosaic genetic structure: some distant populations (over 1000 km apart) clustered genetically, whereas closer populations (< 100 km apart) had diverged significantly, suggesting local adaptation. Asymmetrical long-distance inter-population gene flow occurs along the sampling transect and might be mediated by seed dispersal via migratory herbivores, such as the chiru (Pantholops hodgsonii). These findings suggest that population performance variation and gene flow both facilitate the response of S. purpurea to climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Liu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianling You
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danhui Qi
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiakuan Chen
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Song
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vuleta A, Manitašević Jovanović S, Tucić B. Adaptive flexibility of enzymatic antioxidants SOD, APX and CAT to high light stress: The clonal perennial monocot Iris pumila as a study case. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 100:166-173. [PMID: 26841194 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High solar radiation has been recognized as one of the main causes of the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress in plants. To remove the excess of ROS, plants use different antioxidants and tune their activity and/or isoform number as required for given light conditions. In this study, the adaptiveness of light-induced variation in the activities and isoform patterns of key enzymatic antioxidants SOD, APX and CAT was tested in leaves of Iris pumila clonal plants from two natural populations inhabiting a sun exposed dune site and a forest understory, using a reciprocal-transplant experiment. At the exposed habitat, the mean enzymatic activity of total SODs was significantly greater than that in the shaded one, while the amount of the mitochondrial MnSOD was notably higher compared to the plastidic Cu/ZnSOD. However, the number of Cu/ZnSOD isoforms was greater in the forest understory relative to the exposed site (three vs. two, respectively). An inverse relationship recorded between the quantities of MnSOD and Cu/ZnSOD in alternative light habitats might indicate that the two enzymes compensate each other in maintaining intracellular ROS and redox balance. The adaptive population differentiation in APX activity was exclusively recorded in the open habitat, which indicated that the synergistic effect of high light and temperature stress could be the principal selective factor, rather than high light alone. The enzymatic activity of CAT was similar between the two populations, implicating APX as the primary H2O2 scavenger in the I. pumila leaves exposed to high light intensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vuleta
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sanja Manitašević Jovanović
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Tucić
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wrange AL, Charrier G, Thonig A, Alm Rosenblad M, Blomberg A, Havenhand JN, Jonsson PR, André C. The Story of a Hitchhiker: Population Genetic Patterns in the Invasive Barnacle Balanus(Amphibalanus) improvisus Darwin 1854. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147082. [PMID: 26821161 PMCID: PMC4731558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the ecological and evolutionary forces that determine the genetic structure and spread of invasive species is a key component of invasion biology. The bay barnacle, Balanus improvisus (= Amphibalanus improvisus), is one of the most successful aquatic invaders worldwide, and is characterised by broad environmental tolerance. Although the species can spread through natural larval dispersal, human-mediated transport through (primarily) shipping has almost certainly contributed to the current global distribution of this species. Despite its worldwide distribution, little is known about the phylogeography of this species. Here, we characterize the population genetic structure and model dispersal dynamics of the barnacle B. improvisus, and describe how human-mediated spreading via shipping as well as natural larval dispersal may have contributed to observed genetic variation. We used both mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I: COI) and nuclear microsatellites to characterize the genetic structure in 14 populations of B. improvisus on a global and regional scale (Baltic Sea). Genetic diversity was high in most populations, and many haplotypes were shared among populations on a global scale, indicating that long-distance dispersal (presumably through shipping and other anthropogenic activities) has played an important role in shaping the population genetic structure of this cosmopolitan species. We could not clearly confirm prior claims that B. improvisus originates from the western margins of the Atlantic coasts; although there were indications that Argentina could be part of a native region. In addition to dispersal via shipping, we show that natural larval dispersal may play an important role for further colonisation following initial introduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lisa Wrange
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Marine Sciences-Tjärnö, Sweden
| | - Gregory Charrier
- Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Plouzané, France
| | - Anne Thonig
- Roskilde University, Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Magnus Alm Rosenblad
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomberg
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Per R Jonsson
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Marine Sciences-Tjärnö, Sweden
| | - Carl André
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Marine Sciences-Tjärnö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Panova M, Aronsson H, Cameron RA, Dahl P, Godhe A, Lind U, Ortega-Martinez O, Pereyra R, Tesson SVM, Wrange AL, Blomberg A, Johannesson K. DNA Extraction Protocols for Whole-Genome Sequencing in Marine Organisms. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1452:13-44. [PMID: 27460368 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3774-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The marine environment harbors a large proportion of the total biodiversity on this planet, including the majority of the earths' different phyla and classes. Studying the genomes of marine organisms can bring interesting insights into genome evolution. Today, almost all marine organismal groups are understudied with respect to their genomes. One potential reason is that extraction of high-quality DNA in sufficient amounts is challenging for many marine species. This is due to high polysaccharide content, polyphenols and other secondary metabolites that will inhibit downstream DNA library preparations. Consequently, protocols developed for vertebrates and plants do not always perform well for invertebrates and algae. In addition, many marine species have large population sizes and, as a consequence, highly variable genomes. Thus, to facilitate the sequence read assembly process during genome sequencing, it is desirable to obtain enough DNA from a single individual, which is a challenge in many species of invertebrates and algae. Here, we present DNA extraction protocols for seven marine species (four invertebrates, two algae, and a marine yeast), optimized to provide sufficient DNA quality and yield for de novo genome sequencing projects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Panova
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Aronsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R Andrew Cameron
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Peter Dahl
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Godhe
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Lind
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | | | - Ricardo Pereyra
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Sylvie V M Tesson
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Anna-Lisa Wrange
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Guo B, DeFaveri J, Sotelo G, Nair A, Merilä J. Population genomic evidence for adaptive differentiation in Baltic Sea three-spined sticklebacks. BMC Biol 2015; 13:19. [PMID: 25857931 PMCID: PMC4410466 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-015-0130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The degree of genetic differentiation among populations experiencing high levels of gene flow is expected to be low for neutral genomic sites, but substantial divergence can occur in sites subject to directional selection. Studies of highly mobile marine fish populations provide an opportunity to investigate this kind of heterogeneous genomic differentiation, but most studies to this effect have focused on a relatively low number of genetic markers and/or few populations. Hence, the patterns and extent of genomic divergence in high-gene-flow marine fish populations remain poorly understood. Results We here investigated genome-wide patterns of genetic variability and differentiation in ten marine populations of three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) distributed across a steep salinity and temperature gradient in the Baltic Sea, by utilizing >30,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms obtained with a pooled RAD-seq approach. We found that genetic diversity and differentiation varied widely across the genome, and identified numerous fairly narrow genomic regions exhibiting signatures of both divergent and balancing selection. Evidence was uncovered for substantial genetic differentiation associated with both salinity and temperature gradients, and many candidate genes associated with local adaptation in the Baltic Sea were identified. Conclusions The patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation, as well as candidate genes associated with adaptation, in Baltic Sea sticklebacks were similar to those observed in earlier comparisons between marine and freshwater populations, suggesting that similar processes may be driving adaptation to brackish and freshwater environments. Taken together, our results provide strong evidence for heterogenic genomic divergence driven by local adaptation in the face of gene flow along an environmental gradient in the post-glacially formed Baltic Sea. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-015-0130-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|