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Haga CL, Booker CN, Strivelli J, Boregowda SV, Phinney DG. Comparative transcriptome analysis of bone marrow resident versus culture-expanded mouse mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:498-505. [PMID: 38372680 PMCID: PMC11065607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are defined as culture-expanded populations, and although these cells recapitulate many properties of bone marrow (BM) resident skeletal stem/progenitor cells, few studies have directly compared these populations to evaluate how culture adaptation and expansion impact critical quality attributes. METHODS We analyzed by RNA sequencing Lin-SCA1+ MSCs enriched from BM by immunodepletion (ID) and after subsequent culture expansion (Ex) and Lin-LEPR+ MSCs sorted (S) directly from BM. Pairwise comparisons were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between populations, and gene set enrichment analysis was employed to identify biological pathways/processes unique to each population. K-means cluster analysis resolved isolation status-dependent changes in transcription in pseudotime. RESULTS Hierarchical clustering segregated populations by isolation process, and principal component analysis identified transcripts related to vasculature development, ossification and inflammatory/cytokine signaling as key drivers of population variance. Pairwise comparisons identified 3849 DEGs in ID versus S BM-MSCs mapping to Gene Ontology (GO) terms related to immune and metabolic processes and 334 DEGs in Ex versus ID BM-MSCs mapping to GO terms related to tissue development, cell growth and replication and organelle organization. K-means cluster analysis revealed significant differences in transcripts encoding stemness and differentiation markers, extracellular matrix structural constituents and remodeling enzymes and paracrine-acting factors between populations. CONCLUSIONS These comparative analyses reveal significant differences in gene expression signatures between BM resident and culture-expanded MSCs, thereby providing new insight into how culture adaptation/expansion endows the latter with unique quality attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Haga
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute of Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Cori N Booker
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute of Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Jacqueline Strivelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute of Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Siddaraju V Boregowda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute of Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Donald G Phinney
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute of Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, Florida, USA.
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Liu J, Bao X, Huang J, Chen R, Tan Y, Zhang Z, Xiao B, Kong F, Gu C, Du J, Wang H, Qi J, Tan J, Ma D, Shi C, Xu G. TMEM135 maintains the equilibrium of osteogenesis and adipogenesis by regulating mitochondrial dynamics. Metabolism 2024; 152:155767. [PMID: 38154611 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbance in the differentiation process of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) leads to osteoporosis. Mitochondrial dynamics plays a pivotal role in the metabolism and differentiation of BMSCs. However, the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dynamics and their impact on the differentiation equilibrium of BMSCs remain unclear. METHODS We investigated the mitochondrial morphology and markers related to mitochondrial dynamics during BMSCs osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Bioinformatics was used to screen potential genes regulating BMSCs differentiation through mitochondrial dynamics. Subsequently, we evaluated the impact of Transmembrane protein 135 (TMEM135) deficiency on bone homeostasis by comparing Tmem135 knockout mice with their littermates. The mechanism of TMEM135 in mitochondrial dynamics and BMSCs differentiation was also investigated in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Distinct changes in mitochondrial morphology were observed between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs, manifesting as fission in the late stage of osteogenesis and fusion in adipogenesis. Additionally, we revealed that TMEM135, a modulator of mitochondrial dynamics, played a functional role in regulating the equilibrium between adipogenesis and osteogenesis. The TMEM135 deficiency impaired mitochondrial fission and disrupted crucial mitochondrial energy metabolism during osteogenesis. Tmem135 knockout mice showed osteoporotic phenotype, characterized by reduced osteogenesis and increased adipogenesis. Mechanistically, TMEM135 maintained intracellular calcium ion homeostasis and facilitated the dephosphorylation of dynamic-related protein 1 at Serine 637 in BMSCs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the significant role of TMEM135 as a modulator in orchestrating the differentiation trajectory of BMSCs and promoting a shift in mitochondrial dynamics toward fission. This ultimately contributes to the osteogenesis process. This work has provided promising biological targets for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Bao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Rukun Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yixuan Tan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Fanqi Kong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Changjiang Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Jianhang Du
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Haotian Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Junqiang Qi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Junming Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, The 72nd Army Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Huzhou 313099, PR China
| | - Duan Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Changgui Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China.
| | - Guohua Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China.
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3
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Landowski M, Gogoi P, Ikeda S, Ikeda A. Roles of transmembrane protein 135 in mitochondrial and peroxisomal functions - implications for age-related retinal disease. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 4:1355379. [PMID: 38576540 PMCID: PMC10993500 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1355379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Aging is the most significant risk factor for age-related diseases in general, which is true for age-related diseases in the eye including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Therefore, in order to identify potential therapeutic targets for these diseases, it is crucial to understand the normal aging process and how its mis-regulation could cause age-related diseases at the molecular level. Recently, abnormal lipid metabolism has emerged as one major aspect of age-related symptoms in the retina. Animal models provide excellent means to identify and study factors that regulate lipid metabolism in relation to age-related symptoms. Central to this review is the role of transmembrane protein 135 (TMEM135) in the retina. TMEM135 was identified through the characterization of a mutant mouse strain exhibiting accelerated retinal aging and positional cloning of the responsible mutation within the gene, indicating the crucial role of TMEM135 in regulating the normal aging process in the retina. Over the past decade, the molecular functions of TMEM135 have been explored in various models and tissues, providing insights into the regulation of metabolism, particularly lipid metabolism, through its action in multiple organelles. Studies indicated that TMEM135 is a significant regulator of peroxisomes, mitochondria, and their interaction. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular functions of TMEM135 which is crucial for regulating mitochondria, peroxisomes, and lipids. The review also discusses the age-dependent phenotypes in mice with TMEM135 perturbations, emphasizing the importance of a balanced TMEM135 function for the health of the retina and other tissues including the heart, liver, and adipose tissue. Finally, we explore the potential roles of TMEM135 in human age-related retinal diseases, connecting its functions to the pathobiology of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Landowski
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Purnima Gogoi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sakae Ikeda
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Akihiro Ikeda
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Koike Y, Takahata M, Nakajima M, Otomo N, Suetsugu H, Liu X, Endo T, Imagama S, Kobayashi K, Kaito T, Kato S, Kawaguchi Y, Kanayama M, Sakai H, Tsuji T, Miyamoto T, Inose H, Yoshii T, Kashii M, Nakashima H, Ando K, Taniguchi Y, Takeuchi K, Ito S, Tomizuka K, Hikino K, Iwasaki Y, Kamatani Y, Maeda S, Nakajima H, Mori K, Seichi A, Fujibayashi S, Kanchiku T, Watanabe K, Tanaka T, Kida K, Kobayashi S, Takahashi M, Yamada K, Takuwa H, Lu HF, Niida S, Ozaki K, Momozawa Y, Yamazaki M, Okawa A, Matsumoto M, Iwasaki N, Terao C, Ikegawa S. Genetic insights into ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. eLife 2023; 12:e86514. [PMID: 37461309 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL) is an intractable disease leading to severe neurological deficits. Its etiology and pathogenesis are primarily unknown. The relationship between OPLL and comorbidities, especially type 2 diabetes (T2D) and high body mass index (BMI), has been the focus of attention; however, no trait has been proven to have a causal relationship. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) using 22,016 Japanese individuals and identified 14 significant loci, 8 of which were previously unreported. We then conducted a gene-based association analysis and a transcriptome-wide Mendelian randomization approach and identified three candidate genes for each. Partitioning heritability enrichment analyses observed significant enrichment of the polygenic signals in the active enhancers of the connective/bone cell group, especially H3K27ac in chondrogenic differentiation cells, as well as the immune/hematopoietic cell group. Single-cell RNA sequencing of Achilles tendon cells from a mouse Achilles tendon ossification model confirmed the expression of genes in GWAS and post-GWAS analyses in mesenchymal and immune cells. Genetic correlations with 96 complex traits showed positive correlations with T2D and BMI and a negative correlation with cerebral aneurysm. Mendelian randomization analysis demonstrated a significant causal effect of increased BMI and high bone mineral density on OPLL. We evaluated the clinical images in detail and classified OPLL into cervical, thoracic, and the other types. GWAS subanalyses identified subtype-specific signals. A polygenic risk score for BMI demonstrated that the effect of BMI was particularly strong in thoracic OPLL. Our study provides genetic insight into the etiology and pathogenesis of OPLL and is expected to serve as a basis for future treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Koike
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Takahata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakajima
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Otomo
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suetsugu
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Endo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopedics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopedics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Kanayama
- Department of Orthopedics, Hakodate Central General Hospital, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spinal Injuries Center, Iizuka, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Yoshii
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kashii
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakashima
- Department of Orthopedics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kei Ando
- Department of Orthopedics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Taniguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuji Ito
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kohei Tomizuka
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiko Hikino
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Iwasaki
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Bone and Joint Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kanji Mori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Seichi
- Department of Orthopedics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Fujibayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Kanchiku
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Kei Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata University Medical and Dental General Hospital, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Kida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Sho Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masahito Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Yamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Obu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takuwa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Hsing-Fang Lu
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
- Million-Person Precision Medicine Initiative, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shumpei Niida
- Core Facility Administration, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Kouichi Ozaki
- Medical Genome Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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5
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Wang R, Zhang M, Hu Y, He J, Lin Q, Peng N. MiR-100-5p inhibits osteogenic differentiation of human bone mesenchymal stromal cells by targeting TMEM135. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1671-1683. [PMID: 35947339 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disorder characterized by reduced bone mass, disruption of bone microarchitecture, and a propensity to fracture. The osteogenic differentiation of human bone mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) exerts a critical effect on preventing bone loss during osteoporosis. Herein, the study recognized miR-100-5p as a deregulated miRNA during osteoporosis (upregulated) and BMSC osteogenic differentiation (downregulated). miR-100-5p was upregulated in osteoporosis patients-isolated BMSCs compared to non-osteoporosis trauma patients-isolated BMSCs. hBMSCs, overexpression inhibited hBMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, whereas miR-100-5p inhibition exerted opposite effects. TMEM135 was downregulated in osteoporosis and upregulated in differentiated osteoblasts, as well as downregulated upon the overexpression of miR-100-5p. MiR-100-5p directly targeted and inhibited TMEM135. In hBMSCs, TMEM135 silencing also inhibited hBMSC osteogenic differentiation. When co-transfected to hBMSCs, antagomir-100-5p promoted, whereas TMEM135 silencing inhibited hBMSC osteogenic differentiation; TMEM135 knockdown dramatically attenuated the effects of miR-100-5p inhibition. Taken together, miR-100-5p forms a regulatory axis with TMEM135 by direct binding. The miR-100-5p/TMEM135 axis modulates hBMSC differentiation into osteoblast. Considering the critical effect of BMSC osteogenesis on osteoporosis, this axis might play a role in osteoporosis, and further in vivo and clinical investigations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Juan He
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Nianchun Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
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Chandra A, Lagnado AB, Farr JN, Schleusner M, Monroe DG, Saul D, Passos JF, Khosla S, Pignolo RJ. Bone Marrow Adiposity in Models of Radiation- and Aging-Related Bone Loss Is Dependent on Cellular Senescence. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:997-1011. [PMID: 35247283 PMCID: PMC9526878 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, apoptosis, and cellular senescence have been associated with reduced osteoprogenitors in a reciprocal fashion to bone marrow adipocyte tissue (BMAT); however, a direct (causal) link between cellular senescence and BMAT is still elusive. Accumulation of senescent cells occur in naturally aged and in focally radiated bone tissue, but despite amelioration of age- and radiation-associated bone loss after senescent cell clearance, molecular events that precede BMAT accrual are largely unknown. Here we show by RNA-Sequencing data that BMAT-related genes were the most upregulated gene subset in radiated bones of C57BL/6 mice. Using focal radiation as a model to understand age-associated changes in bone, we performed a longitudinal assessment of cellular senescence and BMAT. Using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), RNA in situ hybridization of p21 transcripts and histological assessment of telomere dysfunction as a marker of senescence, we observed an increase in senescent cell burden of bone cells from day 1 postradiation, without the presence of BMAT. BMAT was significantly elevated in radiated bones at day 7, confirming the qRT-PCR data in which most BMAT-related genes were elevated by day 7, and the trend continued until day 42 postradiation. Similarly, elevation in BMAT-related genes was observed in bones of aged mice. The senolytic cocktail of Dasatinib (D) plus Quercetin (Q) (ie, D + Q), which clears senescent cells, reduced BMAT in aged and radiated bones. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) linked with senescence marker p21 were downregulated in radiated and aged bones, whereas miR-27a, a miR that is associated with increased BMAT, was elevated both in radiated and aged bones. D + Q downregulated miR-27a in radiated bones at 42 days postradiation. Overall, our study provides evidence that BMAT occurrence in oxidatively stressed bone environments, such as radiation and aging, is induced following a common pathway and is dependent on the presence of senescent cells. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chandra
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anthony B. Lagnado
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joshua N. Farr
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Megan Schleusner
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David G. Monroe
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dominik Saul
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - João F. Passos
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert J. Pignolo
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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Zhao M, Dong J, Liao Y, Lu G, Pan W, Zhou H, Zuo X, Shan B. MicroRNA miR-18a-3p promotes osteoporosis and possibly contributes to spinal fracture by inhibiting the glutamate AMPA receptor subunit 1 gene (GRIA1). Bioengineered 2021; 13:370-382. [PMID: 34937502 PMCID: PMC8805820 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2005743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The promoting role that miR-18a-3p plays in osteoporosis (OP) has been previously described. However, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Bone tissues were collected from healthy patients, OP patients, and patients with osteoporotic spinal fractures. An osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) was constructed to detect the expression of miR-18a-3p and glutamate AMPA receptor subunit 1 (GRIA1). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and a qRT-PCR analysis were used to detect ALP content, alizarin red S staining was used to detect calcium deposition, and qRT-PCR was used to evaluate runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN) expression levels. A dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assay was used to verify the targeted correlation between miR-18a-3p and GRIA1. We observed an increase in miR-18a-3p expression and a decrease in GRIA1 expression in OP and osteoporotic vertebral fracture patients. Upregulation of miR-18a-3p restrained the activity and expression of ALP in hBMSCs, inhibited the expression of RUNX2, OCN, and OPN, and inhibited calcium deposition. Knockdown of miR-18a-3p or upregulation of GRIA1 promoted osteogenic differentiation. Our findings indicate that miR-18a-3p promotes OP progression by regulating GRIA1 expression, suggesting that targeting miR-18a-3p/GRIA1 may be a therapeutic strategy for OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and the Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junli Dong
- Department of Pain Management, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanmei Liao
- Department of Medical Technology, Gannan Healthcare Vocational College, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guoyong Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and the Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and the Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hansong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and the Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohua Zuo
- Department of Pain Management, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and the Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ben Shan
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and the Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
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8
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miR-129-5p Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of BMSCs and Bone Regeneration via Repressing Dkk3. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:7435605. [PMID: 34326879 PMCID: PMC8302374 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7435605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Accumulating evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in osteogenic differentiation. However, the associated mechanisms remain elusive. This paper is aimed at exploring the role of miR-129-5p in regulating bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) differentiation and bone regeneration in vivo and in vitro. Methods BMSCs were transduced by miR-129-5p mimic, miR-129-5p inhibitor, and negative control lentivirus. The ability of BMSC differentiation to osteoblast was tested by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining (ARS). The expression of osteogenic genes (Runx2, Bmp2, and OCN) was examined via quantitative RT-PCR and western blot. A mouse model of calvaria defect was investigated by Micro-CT, immunohistochemistry, and histological examination. The luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to confirm the binding between Dkk3 and miR-129-5p. For the transfection experiments, lipofectamine 3000 was used to transfect pcDNA-Dkk3 into BMSCs to overexpress Dkk3. Coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent localization assay were included for exploring the role of Dkk3 and β-catenin. Results miR-129-5p was induced in BMSCs and MSC cell line C3H10T1/2 cells under osteogenic medium. Overexpression of miR-129-5p significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. Moreover, BMSCs transduced with miR-129-5p mimic exhibited better bone regeneration compared with BMSCs transduced with control counterpart in vivo. Luciferase and western blot data showed that Dickkopf3 (Dkk3) is a target gene of miR-129-5p and the expression of Dkk3 was inhibited in BMSCs transduced with miR-129-5p mimic but enhanced in BMSCs transduced with miR-129-5p inhibitor. In addition, Dkk3 interacted with β-catenin directly. Conclusions miR-129-5p promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and bone regeneration, and miR-129-5p/Dkk3 axis may be new potential targets for the treatment of bone defect and bone loss.
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9
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Beasley HK, Rodman TA, Collins GV, Hinton A, Exil V. TMEM135 is a Novel Regulator of Mitochondrial Dynamics and Physiology with Implications for Human Health Conditions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071750. [PMID: 34359920 PMCID: PMC8303332 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane proteins (TMEMs) are integral proteins that span biological membranes. TMEMs function as cellular membrane gates by modifying their conformation to control the influx and efflux of signals and molecules. TMEMs also reside in and interact with the membranes of various intracellular organelles. Despite much knowledge about the biological importance of TMEMs, their role in metabolic regulation is poorly understood. This review highlights the role of a single TMEM, transmembrane protein 135 (TMEM135). TMEM135 is thought to regulate the balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission and plays a role in regulating lipid droplet formation/tethering, fatty acid metabolism, and peroxisomal function. This review highlights our current understanding of the various roles of TMEM135 in cellular processes, organelle function, calcium dynamics, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather K. Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (H.K.B.); (T.A.R.)
| | - Taylor A. Rodman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (H.K.B.); (T.A.R.)
| | - Greg V. Collins
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics-Cardiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (H.K.B.); (T.A.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.H.J.); (V.E.)
| | - Vernat Exil
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics-Cardiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Correspondence: (A.H.J.); (V.E.)
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10
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Whole-Gene Deletions of FZD4 Cause Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12070980. [PMID: 34199009 PMCID: PMC8306649 DOI: 10.3390/genes12070980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is an inherited disorder characterized by abnormalities in the retinal vasculature. The FZD4 gene is associated with FEVR, but the prevalence and impact of FZD4 copy number variation (CNV) on FEVR patients are unknown. The aim of this study was to better understand the genetic features and clinical manifestations of patients with FZD4 CNVs. A total of 651 FEVR families were recruited. Families negative for mutations in FEVR-associated genes were selected for CNV analysis using SeqCNV. Semiquantitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification were conducted to verify the CNVs. Four probands were found to carry whole-gene deletions of FZD4, accounting for 5% (4/80) of probands with FZD4 mutations and 0.6% (4/651) of all FEVR probands. The four probands exhibited similar phenotypes of unilateral retinal folds. FEVR in probands with CNVs was not more severe than in probands with FZD4 missense mutations (p = 1.000). Although this is the first report of FZD4 CNVs and the associated phenotypes, the interpretation of FZD4 CNVs should be emphasized when analyzing the next-generation sequencing data of FEVR patients because of their high prevalence.
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11
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The Role of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in the Epigenetic Regulation of Bone Metabolism and Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228682. [PMID: 33213099 PMCID: PMC7698531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are complex phospholipidic structures actively released by cells. EVs are recognized as powerful means of intercellular communication since they contain many signaling molecules (including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids). In parallel, changes in epigenetic processes can lead to changes in gene function and finally lead to disease onset and progression. Recent breakthroughs have revealed the complex roles of non-coding RNAs (microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)) in epigenetic regulation. Moreover, a substantial body of evidence demonstrates that non-coding RNAs can be shuttled among the cells and tissues via EVs, allowing non-coding RNAs to reach distant cells and exert systemic effects. Resident bone cells, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and endothelial cells, are tightly regulated by non-coding RNAs, and many of them can be exported from the cells to neighboring ones through EVs, triggering pathological conditions. For these reasons, researchers have also started to exploit EVs as a theranostic tool to address osteoporosis. In this review, we summarize some recent findings regarding the EVs’ involvement in the fine regulation of non-coding RNAs in the context of bone metabolism and osteoporosis.
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12
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Li R, Ruan Q, Yin F, Zhao K. MiR-23b-3p promotes postmenopausal osteoporosis by targeting MRC2 and regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 145:69-78. [PMID: 33357782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is one of the most common metabolic bone diseases in postmenopausal women. Increasing evidence has indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play vital regulatory roles during osteoporosis progression. This study aimed to investigate the potential function of miR-23b-3p in the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). PMOP was induced in mice by bilateral ovariectomy. X-ray absorptiometry was applied to detect BMD and BMC in PMOP mice. Luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay were utilized to investigate the relationship between miR-23b-3p and MRC2. We found the upregulation of miR-23b-3p in bone tissues of PMOP mice. Silencing of miR-23b-3p relieved PMOP in mice. Moreover, miR-23b-3p knockdown facilitated the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs by increasing the expression of Runx2, OCN, Osterix and promoting ALP activity. Mechanistically, MRC2 is a downstream target gene of miR-23b-3p. MRC2 knockdown significantly rescued the promoting effect of lenti-miR-23b-3p inhibitor on osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Furthermore, miR-23b-3p targeted MRC2 to inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin pathway during the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. In summary, inhibition of miR-23b-3p alleviates PMOP by targeting MRC2 to inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which may provide a novel molecular insight for osteoporosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Qing Ruan
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Kunchi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China.
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13
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Robert AW, Marcon BH, Dallagiovanna B, Shigunov P. Adipogenesis, Osteogenesis, and Chondrogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: A Comparative Transcriptome Approach. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:561. [PMID: 32733882 PMCID: PMC7362937 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis, osteogenesis and chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are complex and highly regulated processes. Over the years, several studies have focused on understanding the mechanisms involved in the MSC commitment to the osteogenic, adipogenic and/or chondrogenic phenotypes. High-throughput methodologies have been used to investigate the gene expression profile during differentiation. Association of data analysis of mRNAs, microRNAs, circular RNAs and long non-coding RNAs, obtained at different time points over these processes, are important to depict the complexity of differentiation. This review will discuss the results that were highlighted in transcriptome analyses of MSC undergoing adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. The focus is to shed light on key molecules, main signaling pathways and biological processes related to different time points of adipogenesis, osteogenesis and chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny W Robert
- Instituto Carlos Chagas - Fiocruz Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruna H Marcon
- Instituto Carlos Chagas - Fiocruz Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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14
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Yu C, Peall IW, Pham SH, Okolicsanyi RK, Griffiths LR, Haupt LM. Syndecan-1 Facilitates the Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteo-Adipogenic Balance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113884. [PMID: 32485953 PMCID: PMC7312587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stems cells (hMSCs) are precursors to adipocyte and osteoblast lineage cells. Dysregulation of the osteo-adipogenic balance has been implicated in pathological conditions involving bone loss. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) such as cell membrane-bound syndecans (SDCs) and glypicans (GPCs) mediate hMSC lineage differentiation and with syndecan-1 (SDC-1) reported in both adipogenesis and osteogenesis, these macromolecules are potential regulators of the osteo-adipogenic balance. Here, we disrupted the HSPG profile in primary hMSC cultures via temporal knockdown (KD) of SDC-1 using RNA interference (RNAi) in undifferentiated, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiated hMSCs. SDC-1 KD cultures were examined for osteogenic and adipogenic lineage markers along with changes in HSPG profile and common signalling pathways implicated in hMSC lineage fate. Undifferentiated hMSC SDC-1 KD cultures exhibited a pro-adipogenic phenotype with subsequent osteogenic differentiation demonstrating enhanced maturation of osteoblasts. In cultures where SDC-1 KD was performed following initiation of differentiation, increased adipogenic gene and protein marker expression along with increased Oil Red O staining identified enhanced adipogenesis, with impaired osteogenesis also observed in these cultures. These findings implicate SDC-1 as a facilitator of the hMSC osteo-adipogenic balance during early induction of lineage differentiation.
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15
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DDX6 Helicase Behavior and Protein Partners in Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells during Early Adipogenesis and Osteogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072607. [PMID: 32283676 PMCID: PMC7177724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DDX6 helicase is an RNA-binding protein involved in different aspects of gene expression regulation. The roles played by DDX6 depend on the complexes associated with it. Here, for the first time, we characterize the protein complexes associated with DDX6 in human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs) and analyze the dynamics of this helicase under different conditions of translational activity and differentiation. The results obtained demonstrated that the DDX6 helicase is associated with proteins involved in the control of mRNA localization, translation and metabolism in hASCs. DDX6 complexes may also assemble into more complex structures, such as RNA-dependent granules, the abundance and composition of which change upon inhibited translational activity. This finding supports the supposition that DDX6 is possibly involved in the regulation of the mRNA life cycle in hASCs. Although there was no significant variation in the protein composition of these complexes during early adipogenic or osteogenic induction, there was a change in the distribution pattern of DDX6: the number of DDX6 granules per cell was reduced during adipogenesis and was enhanced during osteogenesis.
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16
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Calciolari E, Donos N. Proteomic and Transcriptomic Approaches for Studying Bone Regeneration in Health and Systemically Compromised Conditions. Proteomics Clin Appl 2020; 14:e1900084. [PMID: 32131137 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a complex biological process, where the molecular mechanisms are only partially understood. In an ageing population, where the prevalence of chronic diseases with an impact on bone metabolism is increasing, it becomes crucial to identify new strategies that would improve regenerative outcomes also in medically compromised patients. In this context, omics are demonstrating a great potential, as they offer new insights on the molecular mechanisms regulating physiologic/pathologic bone healing and, at the same time, allow the identification of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. This review provides an overview on the current evidence on the use of transcriptomic and proteomic approaches in bone regeneration research, particularly in relation to type 1 diabetes and osteoporosis, and discusses future scenarios and potential benefits and limitations on the integration of multi-omics. It is suggested that future research will leverage the synergy of omics with statistical modeling and bioinformatics to prompt the understanding of the biology underpinning bone formation in health and medically compromised conditions. With an eye toward personalized medicine, new strategies combining the mining of large datasets and bioinformatic data with a detailed characterization of relevant phenotypes will need to be pursued to further the understanding of disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Calciolari
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine & Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London, E1 2AD, UK.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Parma, via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Donos
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine & Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London, E1 2AD, UK
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17
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Characterization of proliferation, differentiation potential, and gene expression among clonal cultures of human dental pulp cells. Hum Cell 2020; 33:490-501. [PMID: 32180208 PMCID: PMC7324427 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are a highly promising source of cells for regeneration therapy because of their multilineage differentiation potential. However, distinct markers for mesenchymal stem cells are not well-established. To identify new candidate marker genes for multipotent human dental pulp stem cells, we analyzed the characteristics and gene expression profiles of cell clones obtained from a single dental pulp specimen derived from an 11-year-old female patient. Fifty colony-forming single cell-derived clones were separately cultured until the cessation of growth. These clones varied in their proliferation abilities and surface marker (STRO-1 and CD146) expression patterns, as well as their odontogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potentials. Four clones maintained their original differentiation potentials during long-term culture. Gene expression profile by DNA microarray analysis of five representative clones identified 1227 genes that were related to multipotency. Ninety of these 1227 genes overlapped with genes reportedly involved in 'stemness or differentiation'. Based on the predicted locations of expressed protein products and large changes in expression levels, 14 of the 90 genes were selected as candidate dental pulp stem cell markers, particularly in relation to their multipotency characteristics. This characterization of cell clones obtained from a single specimen of human dental pulp provided information regarding new candidate marker genes for multipotent dental pulp stem cells, which could facilitate efficient analysis or enrichment of multipotent stem cells.
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18
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Wang T, Zhang C, Wu C, Liu J, Yu H, Zhou X, Zhang J, Wang X, He S, Xu X, Ma B, Che X, Li W. miR-765 inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by targeting BMP6 via regulating the BMP6/Smad1/5/9 signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:62. [PMID: 32059748 PMCID: PMC7023766 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-1579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The process of bone repair is heavily dependent on the ability of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to undergo osteogenic differentiation. MicroRNAs have been shown to regulate this osteogenic process. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-765 in the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Methods We transfected hMSCs with lentiviral constructs to knock down or overexpress this miRNA, allowing us to assess its role in osteogenesis via assessing the expression of the relevant markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related gene-2 (RUNX-2), and osteocalcin (OCN), with further functional measurements made via quantifying ALP activity and conducting Alizarin Red S staining. The targeting of the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of BMP6 by miR-765 was examined via luciferase assay. We used hMSCs with altered miR-765 expression to assess p-Smad1/5/9 levels via Western blotting over the course of osteogenic differentiation. We also assessed the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in which miR-765 was knocked down and at the same time as a BMP/Smad signaling inhibitor was added to disrupt Smad1/5/9 phosphorylation. Results We found miR-765 overexpression to inhibit osteogenesis-associated gene upregulation during osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs, whereas knockdown of this miRNA was associated with increased expression of these genes. Using luciferase reporter assays, we confirmed direct miR-765 binding to the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of BMP6. We also found that miR-765 overexpression reduced Smad1/5/9 phosphorylation, and knockdown of this miRNA enhanced this phosphorylation on BMP6/Smad1/5/9 signaling. The osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in which miR-765 had been knocked down was further weakened upon the addition of a BMP/Smad signaling inhibitor relative to miR-765 knockdown alone. Conclusions Together, these results thus suggest that miR-765 is able to inhibit hMSC osteogenic differentiation by targeting BMP6 via regulation of the BMP6/Smad1/5/9 signaling pathway. Our findings may offer molecular insights of value for the development of novel therapeutic treatments for bone diseases including osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Breast surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Cihu Wu
- Medical department, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Jianyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Xiaoou Zhou
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Shan He
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Baicheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China.
| | - Xiangxin Che
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China.
| | - Weidong Li
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China.
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Moloudizargari M, Abdollahi M, Asghari MH, Zimta AA, Neagoe IB, Nabavi SM. The emerging role of exosomes in multiple myeloma. Blood Rev 2019; 38:100595. [PMID: 31445775 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), one of the most prevalent hematological malignancies, accounts for approximately 10% of all blood cancers. In spite of the recent advancements in MM therapy, this malignancy of terminally differentiated plasma cells (PCs) continues to remain a hard-to-cure disease due to the emergence of drug resistance and frequent relapses. It is now well-established that the tumor-supportive involvement of the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) including the cellular and non-cellular elements are the major causes behind treatment failures of MM as well as its main complications such as osteolytic bone loss. Exosomes (EXs) are membranous structures that carry signaling molecules and have recently received a great deal of attention as important mediators of inter-cellular communication in health and disease. EXs involve in the growth and drug resistance of many tumors via delivering their rich contents of bioactive molecules including miRNAs, growth factors, cytokines, signaling molecules, etc. With regard to MM, many studies have reported that EXs are among the main culprits playing key roles in the vicious network within the BMM of these patients. The main producers of EXs that largely contribute to MM pathogenesis are bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) as well as MM cells themselves. These cell types produce large amounts of EXs that affect a variety of target cells including natural killer (NK) cells, osteoclasts (OCs) and osteoblasts (OBs) to the advantage of tumor survival and progression. These EXs contain a different profile of proteins and miRNAs from that of EXs obtained from their counterparts in healthy individuals. MM patients exhibit distinguishable elevations in some of their contents such as miR-21, miR-146a, let-7b and miR-18a, while some molecules like miR-15a are markedly downregulated in EXs of MM patients compared to healthy individuals. These findings make EXs desirable biomarkers for early prediction of disease progression and drug resistance in the context of MM. On the other hand, due to the tumor-supportive role of EXs, targeting these structures in parallel to the conventional therapeutic regimens may be a promising approach to a successful anti-MM therapy. In the present work, an extensive review of the literature has been carried out to highlight the recent advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Moloudizargari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Asghari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Alina Andreea Zimta
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan Neagoe
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Hsu CY, Salazar MG, Miller S, Meyers C, Ding C, Hardy W, Péault B, James AW. Comparison of Human Tissue Microarray to Human Pericyte Transcriptome Yields Novel Perivascular Cell Markers. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1214-1223. [PMID: 31264500 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human perivascular progenitor cells, including pericytes, are well-described multipotent mesenchymal cells giving rise to mesenchymal stem cells in culture. Despite the unique location of pericytes, specific antigens to distinguish human pericytes from other cell types are few. Here, we employed a human tissue microarray (Human Protein Atlas) to identify proteins that are strongly and specifically expressed in a pericytic location within human adipose tissue. Next, these results were cross-referenced with RNA sequencing data from human adipose tissue pericytes, as defined as a fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) purified CD146+CD34-CD31-CD45- cell population. Results showed that from 105,532 core biopsies of soft tissue, 229 proteins showed strong and specific perivascular immunoreactivity, the majority of which (155) were present in the tunica intima. Next, cross-referencing with the transcriptome of FACS-derived CD146+ pericytes yielded 25 consistently expressed genes/proteins, including 18 novel antigens. A majority of these transcripts showed maintained expression after culture propagation (56% of genes). Interestingly, many novel antigens within pericytes are regulators of osteogenic differentiation. In sum, our study demonstrates the existence of novel pericyte markers, some of which are conserved in culture that may be useful for future efforts to typify, isolate, and characterize human pericytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Yun Hsu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mario Gomez Salazar
- Center for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Miller
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carolyn Meyers
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Catherine Ding
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Winters Hardy
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bruno Péault
- Center for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aaron W James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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21
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Zhang N, Jiang H, Bai Y, Lu X, Feng M, Guo Y, Zhang S, Luo Q, Wu H, Wang L. The molecular mechanism study of insulin on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts under high glucose conditions. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 37:385-394. [PMID: 31140646 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nong Zhang
- Department of StomatologyShenzhen Longgang District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of StomatologyGeneral Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of StomatologyGeneral Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing China
| | - Xingmei Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, a CAS key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, China B college of Chemical and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Mi Feng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, a CAS key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, China B college of Chemical and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of StomatologyGeneral Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of StomatologyGeneral Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Department of StomatologyGeneral Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of StomatologyGeneral Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of StomatologyGeneral Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing China
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22
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Yi X, Wu P, Liu J, Gong Y, Xu X, Li W. Identification of the potential key genes for adipogenesis from human mesenchymal stem cells by RNA-Seq. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20217-20227. [PMID: 30989650 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Adipogenesis, a physiological process initiated with the committed preadipocytes expressing adipocyte-specific genes and terminated in mature, differentiated and functional adipocytes, mainly involved with energy homeostasis. Abnormal distribution-changes and dysfunctions in adipogenesis may lead to complex physiopathological disorders. However, it remains unclear for the key players working for the whole complex differentiating process of adipogenesis. Here, it investigated transcriptional profiling of adipogenesis from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) by RNA-Seq transcriptome technique. Oil Red O staining assays were performed to assess adipogenic potential. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and lentivirus transfection assays by small interference RNA (siRNA) were conducted to confirm the function of the candidate genes. A total of 1,078 differentially expressed genes shared at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days during adipogenesis from hMSCs, and 706 genes were significantly differentially expressed. It identified 20 potential key genes responsible for adipogenesis with four genes downregulating. The candidate gene, coagulation factor II thrombin receptor (F2R), encoding coagulation factor II thrombin receptor involving with a 7-transmembrane receptor involved in the regulation of thrombotic response, also known as proteinase-activated receptor-1, contributed to adipogenesis, especially at Day 14, by Oil Red O staining, qRT-PCR, and western blot after siRNA. A unique discovery shed new light to understand the key players of the whole processes of adipogenesis from hMSCs. The gene F2R might be used as an adipogenic marker to provide a potential target for understanding the metabolic syndromes like obesity, type-2 diabetes, steatosis, atherosclerosis, and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yi
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Jianyun Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
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23
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Abstract
Adipogenesis is a complex process whereby the multipotent adipose-derived stem cell is converted to a preadipocyte before terminal differentiation into the mature adipocyte. Preadipocytes are present throughout adult life, exhibit adipose fat depot specificity, and differentiate and proliferate from distinct progenitor cells. The mechanisms that promote preadipocyte commitment and maturation involve numerous protein factor regulators, epigenetic factors, and miRNAs. Detailed characterization of this process is currently an area of intense research and understanding the roles of preadipocytes in tissue plasticity may provide insight into novel approaches for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and treating a host of obesity-related conditions. In the current study, we analyzed the current literature and present a review of the characteristics of transitioning adipocytes and detail how local microenvironments influence their progression towards terminal differentiation and maturation. Specifically, we detail the characterization of preadipocyte via surface markers, examine the signaling cascades and regulation behind adipogenesis and cell maturation, and survey their role in tissue plasticity and health and disease.
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24
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Li L, Yang S, Zhang Y, Ji D, Jin Z, Duan X. ATP6V1H regulates the growth and differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:84-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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25
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Li J, Zuo B, Zhang L, Dai L, Zhang X. Osteoblast versus Adipocyte: Bone Marrow Microenvironment-Guided Epigenetic Control. CASE REPORTS IN ORTHOPEDIC RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1159/000489053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The commitment and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is tightly controlled by the local environment ensuring lineage differentiation balance and bone homeostasis. However, pathological conditions linked with osteoporosis have changed the bone marrow microenvironment, shifting MSCs’ fate to favor adipocytes over osteoblasts, and consequently leading to decreased bone mass with marrow fat accumulation. Multiple questions related to the underlying mechanisms remain to be answered. As recent findings have confirmed the fundamental role of the epigenetic mechanism in connecting environmental signals with gene expression and stem cell differentiation, a regulatory network in the bone marrow microenvironment, epigenetic modulation, gene expression, and MSC differentiation begins to emerge. This review discusses how pathological environmental factors affect MSCs’ fate by epigenetic modulating lineage-specific genes. We conclude that manipulating local environments and/or the epigenetic regulatory machinery that target the adipocyte differentiation pathway might be a therapeutic implication of bone loss diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Moon GJ, Cho YH, Kim DH, Sung JH, Son JP, Kim S, Cha JM, Bang OY. Serum-mediated Activation of Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Novel Preconditioning Method. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:485-500. [PMID: 29774769 PMCID: PMC6038038 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718755404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke induces complex and dynamic, local and systemic changes including inflammatory
reactions, immune responses, and repair and recovery processes. Mesenchymal stem cells
(MSCs) have been shown to enhance neurological recovery after stroke. We hypothesized that
serum factors play a critical role in the activation of bone marrow (BM) MSCs after stroke
such as by increasing proliferation, paracrine effects, and rejuvenation. Human MSCs
(hMSCs) were grown in fetal bovine serum (FBS), normal healthy control serum (NS), or
stroke patient serum (SS). MSCs cultured in growth medium with 10% SS or NS exhibited
higher proliferation indices than those cultured with FBS (P < 0.01).
FBS-, NS-, and SS-hMSCs showed differences in the expression of trophic factors; vascular
endothelial growth factor, glial cell–derived neurotrophic factor, and fibroblast growth
factor were densely expressed in samples cultured with SS (P < 0.01).
In addition, SS-MSCs revealed different cell cycle– or aging-associated messenger RNA
expression in a later passage, and β-galactosidase staining showed the senescence of MSCs
observed during culture expansion was lower in MSCs cultured with SS than those cultured
with NS or FBS (P < 0.01). Several proteins related to the activity of
receptors, growth factors, and cytokines were more prevalent in the serum of stroke
patients than in that of normal subjects. Neurogenesis and angiogenesis were markedly
increased in rats that had received SS-MSCs (P < 0.05), and these rats
showed significant behavioral improvements (P < 0.01). Our results
indicate that stroke induces a process of recovery via the activation of MSCs. Culture
methods for MSCs using SS obtained during the acute phase of a stroke could constitute a
novel MSC activation method that is feasible and efficient for the neurorestoration of
stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Joon Moon
- 1 Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,2 Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,3 School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Cho
- 1 Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,4 Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- 1 Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,5 Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hee Sung
- 1 Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,4 Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Pyo Son
- 1 Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,5 Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sooyoon Kim
- 1 Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,4 Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Min Cha
- 6 Medical Device Research Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Young Bang
- 1 Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,5 Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,7 Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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27
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Fan L, Fan J, Liu Y, Li T, Xu H, Yang Y, Deng L, Li H, Zhao RC. miR-450b Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation In Vitro and Enhances Bone Formation In Vivo by Targeting BMP3. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:600-611. [PMID: 29649414 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by deterioration of bone microarchitecture and low bone mass. One of the primary causes of osteoporosis is the decrease in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Tissue engineering therapy with genetically modified MSCs has attracted much attention in the study of bone regeneration. In this study, we found that the expression level of miR-450b was upregulated during osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs). To explore the effect of miR-450b on the osteogenesis of hADSCs, we performed a series of gain- and loss-of-function analyses and demonstrated that miR-450b not only promoted the process of hADSC differentiation to osteoblasts in vitro but also enhanced ectopic bone formation in vivo. Bone morphogenetic protein 3 (BMP3), the most abundant BMP member in bone, was identified as a direct target of miR-450b. Downregulation of the endogenous expression of BMP3 could mimic the effect of miR-450b upregulation on the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs. Overall, our study first demonstrated that a novel microRNA miR-450b was essential for hADSC differentiation, which could promote osteogenic differentiation in vitro and enhance bone formation in vivo by directly suppressing BMP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Fan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfen Fan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tangping Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoying Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlei Yang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Luchan Deng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongling Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Jin J, Wang T, Wang Y, Chen S, Li Z, Li X, Zhang J, Wang J. SRC3 expressed in BMSCs promotes growth and migration of multiple myeloma cells by regulating the expression of Cx43. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1694-1704. [PMID: 29075794 PMCID: PMC5673026 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and multiple myeloma cells significantly contribute to the progression of multiple myeloma (MM). However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate these interactions. Connexin-43 (Cx-43) has been implicated in the interplay between BMSCs and MM cells. In this study, we hypothesized that the steroid receptor co-activator-3 (SRC3) expressed in BMSCs regulates the expression of Cx-43 to promote the proliferation and migration of myeloma cells. To address this, we co-cultured a human multiple myeloma cell line, RPMI-8226 transfected with either control BMSCs or sh-SRC3-BMSCs. We found that knocking down SRC3 expression in BMSCs inhibited the proliferation and migration of RPMI-8226 cells. In addition, we found that co-culturing RPMI 8266 cells with BMSCs increased Cx43 expression, while knocking down SRC3 expression in BMSCs decreased Cx43 expression. Moreover, our work revealed that SRC3 in BMSCs regulates Cx43 expression via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. To validate this result in vivo, we knocked down SRC3 expression in BMSCs in nude mice and found that tumor growth and cell apoptosis were significantly decreased. In addition, mice treated with either RPMI 8266 cells overexpressing Cx43 or with a P38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) exhibited increased intratumoral leukocyte populations and promoted cell apoptosis in tumor tissue. Our findings demonstrate how SRC3 and Cx43 regulation between BMSCs and myeloma cells mediate cell growth and disease progression, with potential implications for prognosis and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Shidi Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Jiazhen Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease, largely due to the tumor-supportive role of the bone marrow microenvironment. Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is one component of the fertile microenvironment which is believed to contribute to myeloma progression and drug resistance, as well as participate in a vicious cycle of osteolysis and tumor growth. RECENT FINDINGS MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as instrumental regulators of cellular processes that enable the development and dissemination of cancer. This review highlights the intersection between two emerging research fields and pursues the scientific and clinical implications of miRNA transfer between BMAT and myeloma cells. This review provides a concise and provocative summary of the evidence to support exosome-mediated transfer of tumor-supportive miRNAs. The work may prompt researchers to better elucidate the mechanisms by which this novel means of genetic communication between tumor cells and their environment could someday yield targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Soley
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
| | - Carolyne Falank
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA.
- University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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30
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Amri EZ, Pisani DF. Control of bone and fat mass by oxytocin. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 28:95-104. [PMID: 27865092 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2016-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and overweight/obesity constitute major worldwide public health burdens. Aging is associated with a decrease in hormonal secretion, lean mass and bone mass, and an increase in fat accumulation. It is established that both obesity and osteoporosis are affected by genetic and environmental factors, bone remodeling and adiposity are both regulated through the hypothalamus and sympathetic nervous system. Oxytocin (OT), belongs to the pituitary hormone family and regulates the function of peripheral target organs, its circulating levels decreased with age. Nowadays, it is well established that OT plays an important role in the control of bone and fat mass and their metabolism. Of note, OT and oxytocin receptor knock out mice develop bone defects and late-onset obesity. Thus OT emerges as a promising molecule in the treatment of osteoporosis and obesity as well as associated metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we will discuss findings regarding the OT effects on bone and fat mass.
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Abstract
Background The Tim17 family of proteins plays a fundamental role in the biogenesis of mitochondria. Three Tim17 family proteins, Tim17, Tim22, and Tim23, are the central components of the widely conserved multi-subunit protein translocases, TIM23 and TIM22, which mediate protein transport across and into the inner mitochondrial membrane, respectively. In addition, several Tim17 family proteins occupy the inner and outer membranes of plastids. Results We have performed comprehensive sequence analyses on 5631 proteomes from all domains of life deposited in the Uniprot database. The analyses showed that the Tim17 family of proteins is much more diverse than previously thought and involves at least ten functionally and phylogenetically distinct groups of proteins. As previously shown, mitochondrial inner membrane accommodates prototypical Tim17, Tim22 and Tim23 and two Tim17 proteins, TIMMDC1 and NDUFA11, which participate in the assembly of complex I of the respiratory chain. In addition, we have identified Romo1/Mgr2 as Tim17 family member. The protein has been shown to control lateral release of substrates fromTIM23 complex in yeast and to participate in the production of reactive oxygen species in mammalian cells. Two peroxisomal proteins, Pmp24 and Tmem135, of so far unknown function also belong to Tim17 protein family. Additionally, a new group of Tim17 family proteins carrying a C-terminal coiled-coil domain has been identified predominantly in fungi. Conclusions We have mapped the distribution of Tim17 family members in the eukaryotic supergroups and found that the mitochondrial Tim17, Tim22 and Tim23 proteins, as well as the peroxisomal Tim17 family proteins, were all likely to be present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA). Thus, kinetoplastid mitochondria previously identified as carrying a single Tim17protein family homologue are likely to be the outcome of a secondary reduction. The eukaryotic cell has modified mitochondrial Tim17 family proteins to mediate different functions in multiple cellular compartments including mitochondria, plastids and peroxisomes. Concerning the origin of Tim17 protein family, our analyses do not support the affiliation of the protein family and the component of bacterial amino acid permease. Thus, it is likely that Tim17 protein family is exclusive to eukaryotes. Reviewers The article was reviewed by Michael Gray, Martijn Huynen and Kira Makarova. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13062-016-0157-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Žárský
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prumyslova 595, 252 42, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Doležal
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prumyslova 595, 252 42, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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32
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Deubiquitinase MYSM1 Is Essential for Normal Bone Formation and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22211. [PMID: 26915790 PMCID: PMC4768166 DOI: 10.1038/srep22211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitinase MYSM1 has been shown to play a critical role in hematopoietic cell differentiation and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells within the bone marrow. MSCs are progenitors to osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myocytes. Although, MSCs have been extensively studied, the roles of MYSM1 in these cells remain unclear. Here we describe the function of MYSM1 on MSC maintenance and differentiation. In this report, we found that Mysm1−/− mice had a lower bone mass both in long bone and calvaria compared with their control counterpart. Preosteoblasts from Mysm1−/− mice did not show changes in proliferation or osteogenesis when compared to WT mice. Conversely, Mysm1−/− MSCs showed enhanced autonomous differentiation and accelerated adipogenesis. Our results demonstrate that MYSM1 plays a critical role in MSC maintenance and differentiation. This study also underscores the biological significance of deubiquitinase activity in MSC function. Mysm1 may represent a potential therapeutic target for controlling MSC lineage differentiation, and possibly for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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33
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汪 涛, 颜 瑞, 曹 俊, 曹 玲, 张 铉, 李 兴, 吴 萍, 周 小, 吴 建, 许 晓. [Expression of miR-140-5p and prediction of its target gene in human mesenchymal stem cells during adipogenic differentiation]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2016; 37:199-203. [PMID: 28219863 PMCID: PMC6779660 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.02.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen the differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes in adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to better understand the mechanism for regulating the balance between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. METHODS Cultured hMSCs were induced for adipogenic differentiation, and at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days of induction, the cells were examined for miRNA and mRNA expression profiles using miRNA chip and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques. Correlation analysis was carried out for the miRNAs and mRNAs of potential interest. The databases including TargetScan, PicTar and miRanda were used to predict the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNA. RESULTS The expression of miR-140-5p was down-regulated and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) expression increased progressively during adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs, showing a negative correlation between them. Target gene prediction using the 3 databases identified LIFR as the target gene of miR-140-5p. CONCLUSION miRNA-140-5p may play an important role by regulating its target gene LIFR during adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- 涛 汪
- 江西省系统生物医学重点实验室, 江西 九江 332000;江西省九江学院Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang 332000, China
- 基础医学院病原生物学教研室Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - 瑞巧 颜
- 附属医院临床技能中心, 江西 九江 332000Clinical Skills Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - 俊 曹
- 江西省系统生物医学重点实验室, 江西 九江 332000;江西省九江学院Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - 玲玲 曹
- 江西省南昌大学附属九江医院内分泌科, 江西 九江 332000Department of Endocrinology, Jiujiang Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - 铉浦 张
- 江西省南昌大学附属九江医院内分泌科, 江西 九江 332000Department of Endocrinology, Jiujiang Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - 兴暖 李
- 江西省系统生物医学重点实验室, 江西 九江 332000;江西省九江学院Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - 萍 吴
- 江西省系统生物医学重点实验室, 江西 九江 332000;江西省九江学院Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - 小鸥 周
- 江西省系统生物医学重点实验室, 江西 九江 332000;江西省九江学院Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang 332000, China
- 基础医学院病原生物学教研室Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - 建芳 吴
- 江西省系统生物医学重点实验室, 江西 九江 332000;江西省九江学院Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang 332000, China
- 基础医学院病原生物学教研室Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - 晓源 许
- 江西省系统生物医学重点实验室, 江西 九江 332000;江西省九江学院Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang 332000, China
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ProteINSIDE to Easily Investigate Proteomics Data from Ruminants: Application to Mine Proteome of Adipose and Muscle Tissues in Bovine Foetuses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128086. [PMID: 26000831 PMCID: PMC4441380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomics experiments are widely acknowledged to produce a huge amount of data to be analysed. The challenge is to extract meaningful biological context for proteins or genes which is currently difficult because of the lack of an integrative workflow that hinders the efficiency and the robustness of data mining performed by biologists working on ruminants. Thus, we designed ProteINSIDE, a free web service (www.proteinside.org) that (I) provides an overview of the biological information stored in public databases or provided by annotations according to the Gene Ontology, (II) predicts proteins that are secreted to search for proteins that mediate signalisation between cells or tissues, and (III) analyses protein-protein interactions to identify proteins contributing to a process or to visualize functional pathways. Using lists of proteins or genes as a unique input, ProteINSIDE is an original all-in-one tool that merges data from these searches to present a fast overview and integrative analysis of genomic and proteomic data from Bovine, Ovine, Caprine, Human, Rat, and Murine species. ProteINSIDE was bench tested with 1000 proteins identifiers from each species by comparison with DAVID, BioMyn, AgBase, PrediSi, and Phobius. Compared to DAVID or BioMyn, identifications and annotations provided by ProteINSIDE were similar from monogastric proteins but more numerous and relevant for ruminants proteins. ProteINSIDE, thanks to SignalP, listed less proteins potentially secreted with a signal peptide than PrediSi and Phobius, in agreement with the low false positive rate of SignalP. In addition ProteINSIDE is the only resource that predicts proteins secreted by cellular processes that do not involve a signal peptide. Lastly, we reported the usefulness of ProteINSIDE to bring new biological hypotheses of research from proteomics data: the biological meaning of the uptake of adiponectin by the foetal muscle and a role for autophagy during ontogenesis of adipose and muscle tissues.
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Ravaud C, Esteve D, Villageois P, Bouloumie A, Dani C, Ladoux A. IER3 Promotes Expansion of Adipose Progenitor Cells in Response to Changes in Distinct Microenvironmental Effectors. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2564-73. [PMID: 25827082 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue expansion is well-orchestrated to fulfill the energy demand. It results from adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia due to adipose progenitor cell (APC) expansion and differentiation. Chronic low grade inflammation and hypoxia take place in obese adipose tissue microenvironment. Both of these events were shown to impact the APC pool by promoting increased self-renewal along with a decrease in the APC differentiation potential. However, no common target has been identified so far. Here we show that the immediate early response 3 gene (IER3) is preferentially expressed in APCs and is essential for APC proliferation and self-renewal. Experiments based on RNA interference revealed that impairing IER3 expression altered cell proliferation through ERK1/2 phosphorylation and clonogenicity. IER3 expression was induced by Activin A, which plays a crucial role in adipocyte differentiation as well as by a decrease in oxygen tension through HIF1-induced transcriptional activation. Interestingly, high levels of IER3 were detected in native APCs (CD34+/CD31- cells) isolated from obese patients and conditioned media from obese adipose tissue-macrophages stimulated its expression. Overall, these results indicate that IER3 is a key player in expanding the pool of APC while highlighting the role of distinct effectors found in an obese microenvironment in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Ravaud
- CNRS UMR 7277, Nice, France.,University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.,INSERM UMR 1091, iBV, Nice, France
| | - David Esteve
- Team 1, INSERM UMR1048, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Phi Villageois
- CNRS UMR 7277, Nice, France.,University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.,INSERM UMR 1091, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Anne Bouloumie
- Team 1, INSERM UMR1048, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Dani
- CNRS UMR 7277, Nice, France.,University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.,INSERM UMR 1091, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Annie Ladoux
- CNRS UMR 7277, Nice, France.,University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.,INSERM UMR 1091, iBV, Nice, France
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Roman S, Agil A, Peran M, Alvaro-Galue E, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Fernández-Vázquez G, Marchal JA. Brown adipose tissue and novel therapeutic approaches to treat metabolic disorders. Transl Res 2015; 165:464-79. [PMID: 25433289 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In humans, 2 functionally different types of adipose tissue coexist: white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). WAT is involved in energy storage, whereas BAT is involved in energy expenditure. Increased amounts of WAT may contribute to the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity-associated type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. In contrast, the thermogenic function of BAT allows high consumption of fatty acids because of the activity of uncoupling protein 1 in the internal mitochondrial membrane. Interestingly, obesity reduction and insulin sensitization have been achieved by BAT activation-regeneration in animal models. This review describes the origin, function, and differentiation mechanisms of BAT to identify new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of metabolic disorders related to obesity. On the basis of the animal studies, novel approaches for BAT regeneration combining stem cells from the adipose tissue with active components, such as melatonin, may have potential for the treatment of metabolic disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiniano Roman
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Tissue Engineering Group, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ahmad Agil
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurosciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Hospitals Unversity/University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Macarena Peran
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Eduardo Alvaro-Galue
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Francisco J Ruiz-Ojeda
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Juan A Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Hospitals Unversity/University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Martin PJ, Haren N, Ghali O, Clabaut A, Chauveau C, Hardouin P, Broux O. Adipogenic RNAs are transferred in osteoblasts via bone marrow adipocytes-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). BMC Cell Biol 2015; 16:10. [PMID: 25887582 PMCID: PMC4369894 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-015-0057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In osteoporosis, bone loss is accompanied by increased marrow adiposity. Given their proximity in the bone marrow and their shared origin, a dialogue between adipocytes and osteoblasts could be a factor in the competition between human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSC) differentiation routes, leading to adipocyte differentiation at the expense of osteoblast differentiation. The adipocyte/osteoblast balance is highly regulated at the level of gene transcription. In our work, we focused on PPARgamma, CEBPalpha and CEBPdelta, as these transcription factors are seen as master regulators of adipogenesis and expressed precociously, and on leptin and adiponectin, considered as adipocyte marker genes. In 2010, our group has demonstrated, thanks to a coculture model, that in the presence of hMSC-derived adipocytes (hMSC-Adi), hMSC-derived osteoblasts (hMSC-Ost) express lesser amounts of osteogenic markers but exhibit the expression of typical adipogenic genes. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying this modulation of gene expression are not clarified. Recently, adipocytes were described as releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs), containing and transferring adipocyte specific transcripts, like PPARgamma, leptin and adiponectin. Here, we investigated whether EVs could be the way in which adipocytes transfer adipogenic RNAs in our coculture model. Results We observed in hMSC-Ost incubated in hAdi-CM an increase in the adipogenic PPARγ, leptin, CEBPα and CEBPδ transcripts as well as the anti-osteoblastic miR-138, miR30c, miR125a, miR-125b, miR-31 miRNAs, probably implicated in the observed osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OP) expression decrease. Moreover, EVs were isolated from conditioned media collected from cultures of hMSC at different stages of adipocyte differentiation and these specific adipogenic transcripts were detected inside. Finally, thanks to interspecies conditioned media exposition, we could highlight for the first time a horizontal transfer of adipogenic transcripts from medullary adipocytes to osteoblasts. Conclusions Here, we have shown, for the first time, RNA transfer between hMSC-derived adipocytes and osteoblasts through EVs. Additional studies are needed to clarify if this mechanism has a role in the adipocytic switch driven on osteoblasts by adipocytes inside bone marrow and if EVs could be a target component to regulate the competition between osteoblasts and adipocytes in the prevention or in the therapy of osteoporosis and other osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine J Martin
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULCO, F-62327, Boulogne sur Mer, France. .,UCEIV EA 4492, F-59140, Dunkerque, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA4492 - Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel 2, ULCO, 189A, Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140, Dunkerque, France.
| | - Nathalie Haren
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France. .,PMOI EA 4490, IFR 114, F-62327 Boulogne sur Mer and F-59000, Lille, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULCO, F-62327, Boulogne sur Mer, France.
| | - Olfa Ghali
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France. .,PMOI EA 4490, IFR 114, F-62327 Boulogne sur Mer and F-59000, Lille, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULCO, F-62327, Boulogne sur Mer, France.
| | - Aline Clabaut
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France. .,PMOI EA 4490, IFR 114, F-62327 Boulogne sur Mer and F-59000, Lille, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULCO, F-62327, Boulogne sur Mer, France.
| | - Christophe Chauveau
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France. .,PMOI EA 4490, IFR 114, F-62327 Boulogne sur Mer and F-59000, Lille, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULCO, F-62327, Boulogne sur Mer, France.
| | - Pierre Hardouin
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France. .,PMOI EA 4490, IFR 114, F-62327 Boulogne sur Mer and F-59000, Lille, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULCO, F-62327, Boulogne sur Mer, France.
| | - Odile Broux
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France. .,PMOI EA 4490, IFR 114, F-62327 Boulogne sur Mer and F-59000, Lille, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULCO, F-62327, Boulogne sur Mer, France.
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Vollkommer T, Gosau M, Felthaus O, Reichert TE, Morsczeck C, Götz W. Genome-wide gene expression profiles of dental follicle stem cells. Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 73:93-100. [PMID: 25376664 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2014.956143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental stem cells (SCs) will be increasingly used for bone regeneration in the future. Recently, dental follicle cells (DFCs) from retained human third molars have been isolated and characterized as osteogenic progenitors. Although these results are promising for regenerative dentistry, molecular processes during osteogenic differentiation are not yet well understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study compared DFCs before and during osteogenic differentiation. ALP activity was measured and cells were stained with alizarin red. Real-time RT-PCRs for osteogenic markers were done. The genome-wide expression profile was evaluated using a microarray. RESULTS DFCs showed strong mineralization and increased expression of osteogenic marker genes during osteogenic differentiation. A microarray analysis showed regulated genes before and in the process of osteogenic differentiation (day 7). Several regulated genes in DFCs were associated with skeletal development. Bioinformatic analysis revealed a number of factors associated with dental follicle osteogenic differentiation. Osteogenic differentiation affected expression levels of the transcriptional regulators FOXC2 and ZNF219. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results yielded new objectives for further studies on transcription factors like FOXC2 or ETV1 and their role in dental SCs during osteogenic differentiation.
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Zaragosi LE, Dadone B, Michiels JF, Marty M, Pedeutour F, Dani C, Bianchini L. Syndecan-1 regulates adipogenesis: new insights in dedifferentiated liposarcoma tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis 2014; 36:32-40. [PMID: 25344834 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (SDC1/CD138) is one of the main cell surface proteoglycans and is involved in crucial biological processes. Only a few studies have analyzed the role of SDC1 in mesenchymal tumor pathogenesis. In particular, its involvement in adipose tissue tumors has never been investigated. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma, one of the most frequent types of malignant adipose tumors, has a high potential of recurrence and metastastic evolution. Classical chemotherapy is inefficient in metastatic dedifferentiated liposarcoma and novel biological markers are needed for improving its treatment. In this study, we have analyzed the expression of SDC1 in well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcomas and showed that SDC1 is highly overexpressed in dedifferentiated liposarcoma compared with normal adipose tissue and lipomas. Silencing of SDC1 in liposarcoma cells impaired cell viability and proliferation. Using the human multipotent adipose-derived stem cell model of human adipogenesis, we showed that SDC1 promotes proliferation of undifferentiated adipocyte progenitors and inhibits their adipogenic differentiation. Altogether, our results support the hypothesis that SDC1 might be involved in liposarcomagenesis. It might play a prominent role in the dedifferentiation process occurring when well-differentiated liposarcoma progress to dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Targeting SDC1 in these tumors might provide a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Emmanuelle Zaragosi
- Institute of Biology Valrose, UMR7277 CNRS/UMR1091 INSERM/University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06108 Nice, France, Present address: CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, University of Nice- Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Bérengère Dadone
- Department of Pathology, Nice University Hospital, 06202 Nice, France, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06107 Nice, France, Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, Nice University Hospital, 06107 Nice, France and
| | - Jean-François Michiels
- Department of Pathology, Nice University Hospital, 06202 Nice, France, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Marion Marty
- Department of Pathology, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Florence Pedeutour
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06107 Nice, France, Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, Nice University Hospital, 06107 Nice, France and
| | - Christian Dani
- Institute of Biology Valrose, UMR7277 CNRS/UMR1091 INSERM/University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Laurence Bianchini
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06107 Nice, France,
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Moayyeri A, Hsu YH, Karasik D, Estrada K, Xiao SM, Nielson C, Srikanth P, Giroux S, Wilson SG, Zheng HF, Smith AV, Pye SR, Leo PJ, Teumer A, Hwang JY, Ohlsson C, McGuigan F, Minster RL, Hayward C, Olmos JM, Lyytikäinen LP, Lewis JR, Swart KMA, Masi L, Oldmeadow C, Holliday EG, Cheng S, van Schoor NM, Harvey NC, Kruk M, del Greco M F, Igl W, Trummer O, Grigoriou E, Luben R, Liu CT, Zhou Y, Oei L, Medina-Gomez C, Zmuda J, Tranah G, Brown SJ, Williams FM, Soranzo N, Jakobsdottir J, Siggeirsdottir K, Holliday KL, Hannemann A, Go MJ, Garcia M, Polasek O, Laaksonen M, Zhu K, Enneman AW, McEvoy M, Peel R, Sham PC, Jaworski M, Johansson Å, Hicks AA, Pludowski P, Scott R, Dhonukshe-Rutten RAM, van der Velde N, Kähönen M, Viikari JS, Sievänen H, Raitakari OT, González-Macías J, Hernández JL, Mellström D, Ljunggren O, Cho YS, Völker U, Nauck M, Homuth G, Völzke H, Haring R, Brown MA, McCloskey E, Nicholson GC, Eastell R, Eisman JA, Jones G, Reid IR, Dennison EM, Wark J, Boonen S, Vanderschueren D, Wu FCW, Aspelund T, Richards JB, Bauer D, Hofman A, Khaw KT, Dedoussis G, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Gyllensten U, Pramstaller PP, Lorenc RS, Cooper C, Kung AWC, Lips P, Alen M, Attia J, Brandi ML, de Groot LCPGM, Lehtimäki T, Riancho JA, Campbell H, Liu Y, Harris TB, Akesson K, Karlsson M, Lee JY, Wallaschofski H, Duncan EL, O'Neill TW, Gudnason V, Spector TD, Rousseau F, Orwoll E, Cummings SR, Wareham NJ, Rivadeneira F, Uitterlinden AG, Prince RL, Kiel DP, Reeve J, Kaptoge SK. Genetic determinants of heel bone properties: genome-wide association meta-analysis and replication in the GEFOS/GENOMOS consortium. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3054-68. [PMID: 24430505 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative ultrasound of the heel captures heel bone properties that independently predict fracture risk and, with bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by X-ray (DXA), may be convenient alternatives for evaluating osteoporosis and fracture risk. We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association (GWA) studies to assess the genetic determinants of heel broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA; n = 14 260), velocity of sound (VOS; n = 15 514) and BMD (n = 4566) in 13 discovery cohorts. Independent replication involved seven cohorts with GWA data (in silico n = 11 452) and new genotyping in 15 cohorts (de novo n = 24 902). In combined random effects, meta-analysis of the discovery and replication cohorts, nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) had genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10(-8)) associations with heel bone properties. Alongside SNPs within or near previously identified osteoporosis susceptibility genes including ESR1 (6q25.1: rs4869739, rs3020331, rs2982552), SPTBN1 (2p16.2: rs11898505), RSPO3 (6q22.33: rs7741021), WNT16 (7q31.31: rs2908007), DKK1 (10q21.1: rs7902708) and GPATCH1 (19q13.11: rs10416265), we identified a new locus on chromosome 11q14.2 (rs597319 close to TMEM135, a gene recently linked to osteoblastogenesis and longevity) significantly associated with both BUA and VOS (P < 8.23 × 10(-14)). In meta-analyses involving 25 cohorts with up to 14 985 fracture cases, six of 10 SNPs associated with heel bone properties at P < 5 × 10(-6) also had the expected direction of association with any fracture (P < 0.05), including three SNPs with P < 0.005: 6q22.33 (rs7741021), 7q31.31 (rs2908007) and 10q21.1 (rs7902708). In conclusion, this GWA study reveals the effect of several genes common to central DXA-derived BMD and heel ultrasound/DXA measures and points to a new genetic locus with potential implications for better understanding of osteoporosis pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Moayyeri
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Basu U, Romao JM, Guan LL. Adipogenic transcriptome profiling using high throughput technologies. J Genomics 2013; 1:22-8. [PMID: 25031652 PMCID: PMC4091434 DOI: 10.7150/jgen.3781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent technological innovations in the area of functional genomics, gene expression/transcriptomic profiling can provide new insights to understand the molecular basis of adipogenesis. The focus of this review is to highlight the recent advances in our understanding of the complex interplay of gene expression events and the regulatory mechanisms of adipogenesis in mouse cell lines, humans and farm animals. All these studies have employed the availability of constantly evolving high throughput 'omics' technologies including microarrays, RNA-Seq, chromatin immunoprecipitation, next generation sequencing, RNAi, miRNA profiling and quantitative PCR arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmila Basu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Josue Moura Romao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Rieder D, Ploner C, Krogsdam AM, Stocker G, Fischer M, Scheideler M, Dani C, Amri EZ, Müller WG, McNally JG, Trajanoski Z. Co-expressed genes prepositioned in spatial neighborhoods stochastically associate with SC35 speckles and RNA polymerase II factories. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 71:1741-59. [PMID: 24026398 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomally separated, co-expressed genes can be in spatial proximity, but there is still debate about how this nuclear organization is achieved. Proposed mechanisms include global genome organization, preferential positioning of chromosome territories, or gene-gene sharing of various nuclear bodies. To investigate this question, we selected a set of genes that were co-expressed upon differentiation of human multipotent stem cells. We applied a novel multi-dimensional analysis procedure which revealed that prior to gene expression, the relative position of these genes was conserved in nuclei. Upon stem cell differentiation and concomitant gene expression, we found that co-expressed genes were closer together. In addition, we found that genes in the same 1-μm-diameter neighborhood associated with either the same splicing speckle or to a lesser extent with the same transcription factory. Dispersal of speckles by overexpression of the serine-arginine (SR) protein kinase cdc2-like kinase Clk2 led to a significant drop in the number of genes in shared neighborhoods. We demonstrate quantitatively that the frequencies of speckle and factory sharing can be explained by assuming stochastic selection of a nuclear body within a restricted sub-volume defined by the original global gene positioning present prior to gene expression. We conclude that the spatial organization of these genes is a two-step process in which transcription-induced association with nuclear bodies enhances and refines a pre-existing global organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Rieder
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 80, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Berendsen AD, Olsen BR. Osteoblast-adipocyte lineage plasticity in tissue development, maintenance and pathology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 71:493-7. [PMID: 23934155 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1440-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts and adipocytes share a common precursor in adult bone marrow and there is a degree of plasticity between the two cell lineages. This has important implications for the etiology of not only osteoporosis but also several other diseases involving an imbalance between osteoblasts and adipocytes. Understanding the process of differentiation of osteoblasts and adipocytes and their trans-differentiation is crucial in order to identify genes and other factors that may contribute to the pathophysiology of such diseases. Several transcriptional regulators have been shown to control osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation and function. Regulation of cell commitment occurs at the level of the progenitor cell through cross talk between complex signaling pathways and epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, and microRNAs. Here we review the complex precursor cell microenvironment controlling osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis during tissue development, maintenance, and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes D Berendsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, REB 413, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,
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44
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Ling H, Li X, Yao CH, Hu B, Liao D, Feng S, Wen G, Zhang L. The physiological and pathophysiological roles of adipocyte miRNAs. Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 91:195-202. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2012-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Their actions affect numerous important biological processes, including adipocyte differentiation and function, sugar and lipid metabolism, and insulin production and secretion. Recent reports suggest miRNAs may also be involved in the pathogenic processes of obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. In this review, we summarize research progresses on adipocyte miRNAs and their physiological and pathological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Ling
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, P.R. China
- Center for Post-doctoral Studies in Basic Medical, University of South China, Hengyang, P.R. China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, P.R. China
| | - Chao Hua Yao
- Palmer Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, PCCR, Palmer College of Chiropractic-Florida, 4705 S. Clyde Morris Blvd., Port Orange, FL 32129, USA
| | - Bi Hu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, P.R. China
| | - Duanfang Liao
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (incubation), Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Shuidong Feng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, P.R. China
| | - Gebo Wen
- Institute of Clinical Research /First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Palmer Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, PCCR, Palmer College of Chiropractic-Florida, 4705 S. Clyde Morris Blvd., Port Orange, FL 32129, USA
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45
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Differences in gene expression and cytokine release profiles highlight the heterogeneity of distinct subsets of adipose tissue-derived stem cells in the subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in humans. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57892. [PMID: 23526958 PMCID: PMC3589487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in the inherent properties of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASC) may contribute to the biological specificity of the subcutaneous (Sc) and visceral (V) adipose tissue depots. In this study, three distinct subpopulations of ASC, i.e. ASCSVF, ASCBottom, and ASCCeiling, were isolated from Sc and V fat biopsies of non-obese subjects, and their gene expression and functional characteristics were investigated. Genome-wide mRNA expression profiles of ASCSVF, ASCBottom and ASCCeiling from Sc fat were significantly different as compared to their homologous subsets of V-ASCs. Furthermore, ASCSVF, ASCCeiling and ASCBottom from the same fat depot were also distinct from each other. In this respect, both principal component analysis and hierarchical clusters analysis showed that ASCCeiling and ASCSVF shared a similar pattern of closely related genes, which was highly different when compared to that of ASCBottom. However, larger variations in gene expression were found in inter-depot than in intra-depot comparisons. The analysis of connectivity of genes differently expressed in each ASC subset demonstrated that, although there was some overlap, there was also a clear distinction between each Sc-ASC and their corresponding V-ASC subsets, and among ASCSVF, ASCBottom, and ASCCeiling of Sc or V fat depots in regard to networks associated with regulation of cell cycle, cell organization and development, inflammation and metabolic responses. Finally, the release of several cytokines and growth factors in the ASC cultured medium also showed both inter- and intra-depot differences. Thus, ASCCeiling and ASCBottom can be identified as two genetically and functionally heterogeneous ASC populations in addition to the ASCSVF, with ASCBottom showing the highest degree of unmatched gene expression. On the other hand, inter-depot seem to prevail over intra-depot differences in the ASC gene expression assets and network functions, contributing to the high degree of specificity of Sc and V adipose tissue in humans.
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46
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Fu W, Lv C, Zhuang W, Chen D, Lv E, Li F, Wang X. An effective inducer of dopaminergic neuron-like differentiation. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:427-34. [PMID: 25206684 PMCID: PMC4146134 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured and passaged in vitro. After induction with basic fibroblast growth factor for 24 hours, passage 3 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were additionally induced into dopaminergic neurons using three different combinations with basic fibroblast growth factor as follows: 20% Xiangdan injection; all-trans retinoic acid + glial-derived neurotrophic factor; or sonic hedgehog + fibroblast growth factor 8. Results suggest that the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells showed typical neuronal morphological characteristics after induction. In particular, after treatment with sonic hedgehog + fibroblast growth factor 8, the expressions of nestin, neuron-specific enolase, microtubuleassociated protein 2, tyrosine hydroxylase and vesicular monoamine transporter-2 in cells were significantly increased. Moreover, the levels of catecholamines in the culture supernatant were significantly increased. These findings indicate that Xiangdan injection, all-trans retinoic acid + glial-derived neurotrophic factor, and sonic hedgehog + fibroblast growth factor 8 can all induce dopaminergic neuronal differentiation from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. In particular, the efficiency of sonic hedgehog + fibroblast growth factor 8 was highest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Fu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cui Lv
- Stem Cell Research and Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenxin Zhuang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - E Lv
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fengjie Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaocui Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
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Li H, Li T, Wang S, Wei J, Fan J, Li J, Han Q, Liao L, Shao C, Zhao RC. miR-17-5p and miR-106a are involved in the balance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2012; 10:313-24. [PMID: 23399447 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into several distinct cell types, including osteoblasts and adipocytes. The balance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation is disrupted in several osteogenic-related disorders, such as osteoporosis. So far, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that drive final lineage commitment of MSCs. In this study, we revealed that miR-17-5p and miR-106a have dual functions in the modulation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) commitment by gain- and loss-of-function assays. They could promote adipogenesis and inhibit osteogenesis. Luciferase reporter assay, western blot and ELISA suggested BMP2 was a direct target of miR-17-5p and miR-106a. Downregulation of endogeneous BMP2 by RNA interference suppressed osteogenesis and increased adipogenesis, similar to the effect of miR-17-5p and miR-106a upregulation. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of miR-17-5p on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of hADSCs could be reversed by BMP2 RNA interference. In conclusion, miR-17-5p and miR-106a regulate osteogenic and adipogenic lineage commitment of hADSCs by directly targeting BMP2, and subsequently decreased osteogenic TAZ, MSX2 and Runx2, and increased adipogenic C/EBPα and PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Li
- Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5# Dongdansantiao, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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48
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Georgiou KR, Hui SK, Xian CJ. Regulatory pathways associated with bone loss and bone marrow adiposity caused by aging, chemotherapy, glucocorticoid therapy and radiotherapy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS 2012; 1:205-224. [PMID: 23671809 PMCID: PMC3636730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow is a complex environment that houses haematopoietic and mesenchymal cell populations and regulates bone turnover throughout life. The high proliferative capacity of these cell populations however, makes them susceptible to damage and injury, altering the steady-state of the bone marrow environment. Following cancer chemotherapy, irradiation and long-term glucocorticoid use, reduced bone and increased fat formation of marrow stromal progenitor cells results in a fatty marrow cavity, reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk. These bone and marrow defects are also observed in age-related complications such as estrogen deficiency and increased oxidative stress. Although the underlying mechanisms are yet to be clarified, recent investigations have suggested a switch in lineage commitment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells down the adipogenic lineage at the expense of osteogenic differentiation following such stress or injury. The Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway is however has been recognized the key mechanism regulating stromal commitment, and its involvement in the osteogenic and adipogenic lineage commitment switch under the damaging conditions has been of great interest. This article reviews the effects of various types of stress or injury on the commitment to the adipogenic and osteogenic lineages of bone marrow stromal progenitor cells, and summarizes the roles of the Wnt/β-catenin and associated signalling pathways in the lineage commitment, switch, and recovery after damage, and as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Georgiou
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South AustraliaAdelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Susanta K Hui
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, College of Medicine, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cory J Xian
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South AustraliaAdelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Perets R, Kaplan T, Stein I, Hidas G, Tayeb S, Avraham E, Ben-Neriah Y, Simon I, Pikarsky E. Genome-wide analysis of androgen receptor targets reveals COUP-TF1 as a novel player in human prostate cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46467. [PMID: 23056316 PMCID: PMC3464259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen activity plays a key role in prostate cancer progression. Androgen receptor (AR) is the main mediator of androgen activity in the prostate, through its ability to act as a transcription mediator. Here we performed a genome-wide analysis of human AR binding to promoters in the presence of an agonist or antagonist in an androgen dependent prostate cancer cell line. Many of the AR bound promoters are bound in all examined conditions while others are bound only in the presence of an agonist or antagonist. Several motifs are enriched in AR bound promoters, including the AR Response Element (ARE) half-site and recognition elements for the transcription factors OCT1 and SOX9. This suggests that these 3 factors could define a module of co-operating transcription factors in the prostate. Interestingly, AR bound promoters are preferentially located in AT rich genomic regions. Analysis of mRNA expression identified chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor 1 (COUP-TF1) as a direct AR target gene that is downregulated upon binding by the agonist liganded AR. COUP-TF1 immunostaining revealed nucleolar localization of COUP-TF1 in epithelium of human androgen dependent prostate cancer, but not in adjacent benign prostate epithelium. Stromal cells both in human and mouse prostate show nuclear COUP-TF1 staining. We further show that there is an inverse correlation between COUP-TF1 expression in prostate stromal cells and the rising levels of androgen with advancing puberty. This study extends the pool of recognized putative AR targets and identifies a negatively regulated target of AR – COUP-TF1 – which could possibly play a role in human prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Perets
- Department of Pathology and Lautenberg center for immunology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tommy Kaplan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ilan Stein
- Department of Pathology and Lautenberg center for immunology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Guy Hidas
- Department of Pathology and Lautenberg center for immunology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Urology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shay Tayeb
- Department of Pathology and Lautenberg center for immunology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eti Avraham
- Department of Pathology and Lautenberg center for immunology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yinon Ben-Neriah
- Department of Pathology and Lautenberg center for immunology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Itamar Simon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Pikarsky
- Department of Pathology and Lautenberg center for immunology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Jääger K, Islam S, Zajac P, Linnarsson S, Neuman T. RNA-seq analysis reveals different dynamics of differentiation of human dermis- and adipose-derived stromal stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38833. [PMID: 22723894 PMCID: PMC3378616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue regeneration and recovery in the adult body depends on self-renewal and differentiation of stem and progenitor cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that have the ability to differentiate into various cell types, have been isolated from the stromal fraction of virtually all tissues. However, little is known about the true identity of MSCs. MSC populations exhibit great tissue-, location- and patient-specific variation in gene expression and are heterogeneous in cell composition. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Our aim was to analyze the dynamics of differentiation of two closely related stromal cell types, adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AdMSCs) and dermal fibroblasts (FBs) along adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages using multiplex RNA-seq technology. We found that undifferentiated donor-matched AdMSCs and FBs are distinct populations that stay different upon differentiation into adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes. The changes in lineage-specific gene expression occur early in differentiation and persist over time in both AdMSCs and FBs. Further, AdMSCs and FBs exhibit similar dynamics of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation but different dynamics of chondrogenic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that stromal stem cells including AdMSCs and dermal FBs exploit different molecular mechanisms of differentiation to reach a common cell fate. The early mechanisms of differentiation are lineage-specific and are similar for adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation but are distinct for chondrogenic differentiation between AdMSCs and FBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kersti Jääger
- Institute of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia.
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