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Kim IW, Yoon AR, Hong J, Kasala D, Yun CO. Synergistic antitumor immune response mediated by paclitaxel-conjugated nanohybrid oncolytic adenovirus with dendritic cell therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355566. [PMID: 38835775 PMCID: PMC11148213 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines have emerged as a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy due to low toxicity. However, the therapeutic efficacy of DC as a monotherapy is insufficient due to highly immunosuppressive tumor environment. To address these limitations of DC as immunotherapeutic agent, we have developed a polymeric nanocomplex incorporating (1) oncolytic adenovirus (oAd) co-expressing interleukin (IL)-12 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and (2) arginine-grafted bioreducible polymer with PEGylated paclitaxel (APP) to restore antitumor immune surveillance function in tumor milieu and potentiate immunostimulatory attributes of DC vaccine. Nanohybrid complex (oAd/APP) in combination with DC (oAd/APP+DC) induced superior expression level of antitumor cytokines (IL-12, GM-CSF, and interferon gamma) than either oAd/APP or DC monotherapy in tumor tissues, thus resulting in superior intratumoral infiltration of both endogenous and exogenous DCs. Furthermore, oAd/APP+DC treatment led superior migration of DC to secondary lymphoid organs, such as draining lymph nodes and spleen, in comparison with either monotherapy. Superior migration profile of DCs in oAd/APP+DC treatment group resulted in more prolific activation of tumor-specific T cells in these lymphoid organs and greater intratumoral infiltration of T cells. Additionally, oAd/APP+DC treatment led to lower subset of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and splenocytes being immunosuppressive regulatory T cells than any other treatment groups. Collectively, oAd/APP+DC led to superior induction of antitumor immune response and amelioration of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment to elicit potent tumor growth inhibition than either monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Wook Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (HY-IBB), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Rum Yoon
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (HY-IBB), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JinWoo Hong
- GeneMedicine CO., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayananda Kasala
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (HY-IBB), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- GeneMedicine CO., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Leng J, Zhao Y, Zhao S, Xie S, Sheng P, Zhu L, Zhang M, Chen T, Kong L, Yin Y. Discovery of Novel Isoquinoline Analogues as Dual Tubulin Polymerization/V-ATPase Inhibitors with Immunogenic Cell Death Induction. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3144-3166. [PMID: 38336655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized clinical advances in a variety of cancers. Due to the low immunogenicity of the tumor, only a few patients can benefit from it. Specific microtubule inhibitors can effectively induce immunogenic cell death and improve immunogenicity of the tumor. A series of isoquinoline derivatives based on the natural products podophyllotoxin and diphyllin were designed and synthesized. Among them, F10 showed robust antiproliferation activity against four human cancer cell lines, and it was verified that F10 exerted antiproliferative activity by inhibiting tubulin and V-ATPase. Further studies indicated that F10 is able to induce immunogenic cell death in addition to apoptosis. Meanwhile, F10 inhibited tumor growth in an RM-1 homograft model with enhanced T lymphocyte infiltration. These results suggest that F10 may be a promising lead compound for the development of a new generation of microtubule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafu Leng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiao Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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Kwon S, Meng F, Tamam H, Gadalla HH, Wang J, Dong B, Hopf Jannasch AS, Ratliff TL, Yeo Y. Systemic Delivery of Paclitaxel by Find-Me Nanoparticles Activates Antitumor Immunity and Eliminates Tumors. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3681-3698. [PMID: 38227965 PMCID: PMC11025439 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Local delivery of immune-activating agents has shown promise in overcoming an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and stimulating antitumor immune responses in tumors. However, systemic therapy is ultimately needed to treat tumors that are not readily locatable or accessible. To enable systemic delivery of immune-activating agents, we employ poly(lactic-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) with a track record in systemic application. The surface of PLGA NPs is decorated with adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a damage-associated molecular pattern to recruit antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The ATP-conjugated PLGA NPs (NPpD-ATP) are loaded with paclitaxel (PTX), a chemotherapeutic agent inducing immunogenic cell death to generate tumor antigens in situ. We show that the NPpD-ATP retains ATP activity in hostile TME and provides a stable "find-me" signal to recruit APCs. Therefore, the PTX-loaded NPpD-ATP helps populate antitumor immune cells in TME and attenuate the growth of CT26 and B16F10 tumors better than a mixture of PTX-loaded NPpD and ATP. Combined with anti-PD-1 antibody, PTX-loaded NPpD-ATP achieves complete regression of CT26 tumors followed by antitumor immune memory. This study demonstrates the feasibility of systemic immunotherapy using a PLGA NP formulation that delivers ICD-inducing chemotherapy and an immunostimulatory signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonbum Kwon
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Fanfei Meng
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Hassan Tamam
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Hytham H. Gadalla
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Boyang Dong
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Amber S. Hopf Jannasch
- Metabolite Profiling Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, 1203 Mitch Daniels Blvd., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Timothy L. Ratliff
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, 201 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yoon Yeo
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, 201 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Pu X, Lin G, Xiao M, Lin J, Wang Q, Kong Y, Yan X, Xu F, Xu Y, Li J, Li K, Chen B, Wen X, Tan Y, Cheng F, Zhu K, Li N, Wu L. Camrelizumab combined with apatinib and nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel in lung adenocarcinoma (CAPAP-lung): a single-arm phase II study. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 67:102403. [PMID: 38261958 PMCID: PMC10796972 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Platinum-doublet chemotherapy plus immunotherapy has been the standard of care for the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer lacking actional driver mutations. However, optimization of drug combinations is still needed to find a better balance between therapeutic efficacy and safety in the immunotherapy era. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of platinum-free albumin bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) combined with camrelizumab and apatinib as first-line treatment for patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Methods In this multicenter open-label, single-arm phase II trial, patients with systemic treatment-naïve advanced lung adenocarcinoma without epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations received a rational-based combination of camrelizumab (200 mg intravenously, day one), apatinib (250 mg, q.d., five continuous days per week), and nab-paclitaxel (135 mg/m2 intravenously, days one and eight) every three weeks for four to six cycles in China. Patients with controlled disease were maintained with camrelizumab and apatinib. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (No. NCT04459078). Findings Between August 26, 2020 and May 20, 2022, 64 patients were enrolled. The median PFS was 14.3 (95% CI: 9.9, not reached) months. The confirmed objective response rate was 64.1% (95% CI: 51.1, 75.7). The grade 3-4 hematologic treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were decreased neutrophil count (14.1%), decreased white blood cell count (7.8%), and anemia (3.1%). The most common non-hematologic TRAEs of grade 3-4 were increased alanine transaminase (18.8%) and aspartate transaminase (15.6%). No treatment-related death occurred. The quality of life was on average not clinically meaningful worse through treatment cycle 14. Interpretation Nab-paclitaxel plus camrelizumab and apatinib showed clinically meaningful anti-tumor activity and manageable safety, with few hematologic toxicities, and might be a potential treatment option in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma lacking EGFR/ALK mutations. Funding Heath Research Foundation of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology, Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China, Hunan Cancer Hospital Climb Plan, Sister Institution Network Fund of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, The Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province, and Suzhou Sheng Diya Biomedical Co., Ltd, a subsidiary of Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxiang Pu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Gen Lin
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Maoliang Xiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hunan Province Directly Affiliated TCM Hospital, Zhuzhou 412000, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan 650108, China
| | - Qianzhi Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yi Kong
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Xuejun Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hunan Province Directly Affiliated TCM Hospital, Zhuzhou 412000, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Bolin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Xiaoping Wen
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yali Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hunan Province Directly Affiliated TCM Hospital, Zhuzhou 412000, China
| | - Fengzhuo Cheng
- Medical Affairs, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Kangle Zhu
- Medical Affairs, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Center for Translational Medicine of Precision Cancer Immunodiagnosis and Therapy, Shenzhen YuceBio Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
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5
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Gregorczyk M, Parkes EE. Targeting mitotic regulators in cancer as a strategy to enhance immune recognition. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 132:103583. [PMID: 37871511 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic DNA has evolved to be enclosed within the nucleus to protect the cellular genome from autoinflammatory responses driven by the immunogenic nature of cytoplasmic DNA. Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS) is the cytoplasmic dsDNA sensor, which upon activation of Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING), mediates production of pro-inflammatory interferons (IFNs) and interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). However, although this pathway is crucial in detection of viral and microbial genetic material, cytoplasmic DNA is not always of foreign origin. It is now recognised that specifically in genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer, extranuclear material in the form of micronuclei (MN) can be generated as a result of unresolved DNA lesions during mitosis. Activation of cGAS-STING in cancer has been shown to regulate numerous tumour-immune interactions such as acquisition of 'immunologically hot' phenotype which stimulates immune-mediated elimination of transformed cells. Nonetheless, a significant percentage of poorly prognostic cancers is 'immunologically cold'. As this state has been linked with low proportion of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), improving immunogenicity of cold tumours could be clinically relevant by exhibiting synergy with immunotherapy. This review aims to present how inhibition of vital mitotic regulators could provoke cGAS-STING response in cancer and improve the efficacy of current immunotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Gregorczyk
- Oxford Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen E Parkes
- Oxford Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom.
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6
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Wang Y, Song Y, He Y, Wang Y, Maurer J, Kiessling F, Lammers T, Wang F, Shi Y. Direct immunoactivation by chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer treatment. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2023; 6:2300209. [PMID: 38249990 PMCID: PMC7615547 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202300209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The immune system plays a crucial role in recognizing and eliminating pathogenic substances and malignant cells in the body. For cancer treatment, immunotherapy is becoming the standard treatment for many types of cancer and is often combined with chemotherapy. Although chemotherapeutic agents are often reported to have adverse effects, including immunosuppression, they can also play a positive role in immunotherapy by directly stimulating the immune system. This has been demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies in the past decades. Chemotherapeutics can activate immune cells through different immune receptors and signaling pathways depending on their chemical structure and formulation. In this review, we summarize and discuss the direct immunoactivation effects of chemotherapeutics and possible mechanisms behind these effects. Finally, we prospect chemo-immunotherapeutic combinations for the more effective and safer treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurui Wang
- Department of Polymer Therapeutics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Yiran Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Yazhi He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Jochen Maurer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Polymer Therapeutics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
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7
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Song J, Cheng M, Xie Y, Li K, Zang X. Efficient tumor synergistic chemoimmunotherapy by self-augmented ROS-responsive immunomodulatory polymeric nanodrug. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:93. [PMID: 36927803 PMCID: PMC10018933 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy. However, the therapeutic efficacy has been distracted due to poor immunogenicity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this study, a self-augmented reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive nanocarrier with immunogenic inducer paclitaxel (PTX) and indoleamine 2,3-dixoygenase 1 (IDO1) blocker 1-methyl-D, L-tryptophan (1-MT) co-entrapment was developed for tumor rejection. The carrier was composed of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) as hydrophilic segments, enzyme cleavable 1-MT ester and ROS-sensitive peroxalate conjugation as hydrophobic blocks. The copolymer could self-assemble into prodrug-based nanoparticles with PTX, realizing a positive feedback loop of ROS-accelerated PTX release and PTX induced ROS generation. Our nanoparticles presented efficient immunogenic cell death (ICD) which provoked antitumor immune responses with high effector T cells infiltration. Meanwhile immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment was simultaneously modulated with reduced regulatory T cells (Tregs) and M2-tumor associated macrophages (M2-TAMs) infiltration mediated by IDO inhibition. The combination of PTX and 1-MT achieved significant primary tumor regression and reduction of lung metastasis in 4T1 tumor bearing mice. Therefore, the above results demonstrated co-delivery of immunogenic inducer and IDO inhibitor using the ROS amplifying nanoplatform with potent potential for tumor chemoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiao Song
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Cheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xie
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangkang Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlong Zang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Exosomal PD-L1 confers chemoresistance and promotes tumorigenic properties in esophageal cancer cells via upregulating STAT3/miR-21. Gene Ther 2023; 30:88-100. [PMID: 35440807 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-022-00331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance remains a major obstacle in the treatment of esophageal cancer. Previous researches have shown that an increase in exosomal PD-L1 expression was positively associated with a more advanced clinical stage, a poorer prognosis as well as drug resistance in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). To explore the role of exosomal PD-L1 in ESCC, we performed bioinformatics analysis as well as several in vitro/in vivo functional experiments in a parental sensitive cell line EC-9706 and its derivative, a paclitaxel-resistant subline EC-9706R, and found that the exosomal PD-L1 from EC-9706R was higher than that from EC-9706. Moreover, exosomes from EC-9706R significantly increased invasion, migration and chemoresistance of EC-9706. Anti-PD-L1 treatment in combination with chemotherapy also led to reduced tumor burden in vivo. Inhibition of the release of exosomes by GW4869 or inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by stattic could effectively reverse the resistance to paclitaxel mediated by exosomal PD-L1. Furthermore, we found that PD-L1, miR-21, and multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene are involved in the process of exosomal transfer. Moreover, PD-L1 could enhance miR-21 expression by increasing the enrichment of STAT3 on miR-21 promoter. Our results suggested that exosomal PD-L1 may contribute to drug resistance to paclitaxel by regulating the STAT3/miR-21/PTEN/Akt axis and promote tumorigenic phenotype. This study provides a novel potential therapeutic approach to reverse chemoresistance and tumor progression through exosomal PD-L1 in ESCC patients.
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9
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Improved Targeting of Therapeutics by Nanocarrier-Based Delivery in Cancer Immunotherapy and Their Future Perspectives. BIONANOSCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-023-01065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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10
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Zhang L, Zhou C, Zhang S, Chen X, Liu J, Xu F, Liang W. Chemotherapy reinforces anti-tumor immune response and enhances clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:939249. [PMID: 36003765 PMCID: PMC9393416 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.939249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
New evidence suggests that the clinical success of chemotherapy is not merely due to tumor cell toxicity but also arises from the restoration of immunosurveillance, which has been immensely neglected in previous preclinical and clinical researches. There is an urgent need for novel insights into molecular mechanisms and regimens that uplift the efficacy of immunotherapy since only a minority of cancer patients are responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Recent findings on combination therapy of chemotherapy and ICIs have shown promising results. This strategy increases tumor recognition and elimination by the host immune system while reducing immunosuppression by the tumor microenvironment. Currently, several preclinical studies are investigating molecular mechanisms that give rise to the immunomodulation by chemotherapeutic agents and exploit them in combination therapy with ICIs in order to achieve a synergistic clinical activity. In this review, we summarize studies that exhibit the capacity of conventional chemotherapeutics to elicit anti-tumor immune responses, thereby facilitating anti-tumor activities of the ICIs. In conclusion, combining chemotherapeutics with ICIs appears to be a promising approach for improving cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Guanghua Hospital, Zhoushan, China
| | - Songou Zhang
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Chen
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Oriental Hepatobiliary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Wenqing Liang
- Medical Research Center, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
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11
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Principe DR, Kamath SD, Korc M, Munshi HG. The immune modifying effects of chemotherapy and advances in chemo-immunotherapy. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 236:108111. [PMID: 35016920 PMCID: PMC9271143 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment paradigm for several malignancies. While the use of single-agent or combined ICIs has achieved acceptable disease control rates in a variety of solid tumors, such approaches have yet to show substantial therapeutic efficacy in select difficult-to-treat cancer types. Recently, select chemotherapy regimens are emerging as extensive modifiers of the tumor microenvironment, leading to the reprogramming of local immune responses. Accordingly, data is now emerging to suggest that certain anti-neoplastic agents modulate various immune cell processes, most notably the cross-presentation of tumor antigens, leukocyte trafficking, and cytokine biosynthesis. As such, the combination of ICIs and cytotoxic chemotherapy are beginning to show promise in many cancers that have long been considered poorly responsive to ICI-based immunotherapy. Here, we discuss past and present attempts to advance chemo-immunotherapy in these difficult-to-treat cancer histologies, mechanisms through which select chemotherapies modify tumor immunogenicity, as well as important considerations when designing such approaches to maximize efficacy and improve therapeutic response rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Principe
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Suneel D Kamath
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Murray Korc
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hidayatullah G Munshi
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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12
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Ji Z, Xu J, Li M, Wang H, Xu B, Yang Y, Hu Y. The Mechanisms of Immune-chemotherapy with Nanocomplex Codelivery of pTRP-2 and Adjuvant of Paclitaxel against Melanoma. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 47:1744-1752. [PMID: 35193436 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2045306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma accounts for the highest proportion of all skin cancer deaths. Immune-chemotherapy has transformed anti-melanoma therapy and is a preferred first-line combination strategy for melanoma. We previously prepared dendritic cells (DCs) targeting the nanocomplex paclitaxel (PTX)-encapsulated sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE)/mannosylated N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan (mTMC)/DNA (PTX/SBE-DNA/Man-TMC) for the co-delivery of pTRP-2 DNA and adjuvant PTX. The nanocomplex PTX/SBE-DNA/Man-TMC promoted DC maturation and antigen presentation and spur potent anti-melanoma immunity. However, the mechanism by which PTX/SBE-DNA/Man-TMC regulates the biological functions of DCs and T lymphocytes is unknown. Therefore, we explored the underlying signaling pathways and mixed leukocyte reactions, resulting in enhanced T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. Interleukin-12 secretion from nanocomplex-pulsed mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells was inhibited by treatment with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), and a specific blocker of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The results revealed that TLR-4, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling pathways were essential anti-tumor immune responses regulation factors. Furthermore, mixed leukocytes pulsed with PTX/SBE-DNA/Man-TMC induced tumor cell apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle in G0/G1, significantly promoting the synergy. Thus, we concluded that the mechanism driving the PTX/SBE-DNA/Man-TMC immune-chemotherapy synergistic effect was multifactorial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Ji
- Pharmacy, Zhejiang pharmaceutical college, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's republic of China
| | - Min Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's republic of China
| | - Beihua Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's republic of China
| | - Yunxu Yang
- Pharmacy, Zhejiang pharmaceutical college, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's republic of China
| | - Ying Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's republic of China.,Pharmacy, Zhejiang pharmaceutical college, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's republic of China
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Chiang JCB, Goldstein D, Tavakoli A, Trinh T, Klisser J, Lewis CR, Friedlander M, Naduvilath TJ, Au K, Park SB, Krishnan AV, Markoulli M. Corneal dendritic cells and the subbasal nerve plexus following neurotoxic treatment with oxaliplatin or paclitaxel. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22884. [PMID: 34819589 PMCID: PMC8613280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cell infiltration has been implicated in neurotoxic chemotherapy for cancer treatment. However, our understanding of immune processes is still incomplete and current methods of observing immune cells are time consuming or invasive. Corneal dendritic cells are potent antigen-presenting cells and can be imaged with in-vivo corneal confocal microscopy. Corneal dendritic cell densities and nerve parameters in patients treated with neurotoxic chemotherapy were investigated. Patients treated for cancer with oxaliplatin (n = 39) or paclitaxel (n = 48), 3 to 24 months prior to assessment were recruited along with 40 healthy controls. Immature (ImDC), mature (MDC) and total dendritic cell densities (TotalDC), and corneal nerve parameters were analyzed from in-vivo corneal confocal microscopy images. ImDC was increased in the oxaliplatin group (Median, Md = 22.7 cells/mm2) compared to healthy controls (Md = 10.1 cells/mm2, p = 0.001), but not in the paclitaxel group (Md = 10.6 cells/mm2). ImDC was also associated with higher oxaliplatin cumulative dose (r = 0.33, p = 0.04) and treatment cycles (r = 0.40, p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in MDC between the three groups (p > 0.05). Corneal nerve parameters were reduced in both oxaliplatin and paclitaxel groups compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). There is evidence of elevation of corneal ImDC in oxaliplatin-treated patients. Further investigation is required to explore this potential link through longitudinal studies and animal or laboratory-based immunohistochemical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Chung Bo Chiang
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - David Goldstein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Azadeh Tavakoli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Terry Trinh
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jacob Klisser
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Craig R Lewis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Friedlander
- Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas J Naduvilath
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kimberley Au
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Susanna B Park
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Arun V Krishnan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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14
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Dhandapani H, Jayakumar H, Seetharaman A, Singh SS, Ganeshrajah S, Jagadish N, Suri A, Thangarajan R, Ramanathan P. Dendritic cells matured with recombinant human sperm associated antigen 9 (rhSPAG9) induce CD4 +, CD8 + T cells and activate NK cells: a potential candidate molecule for immunotherapy in cervical cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:473. [PMID: 34493268 PMCID: PMC8424976 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy is capable of activating the immune system and in particular tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to eradicate the tumor. However, major limitations are the availability of autologous tumor cells as antigenic source and the selection of antigen that may have potential to activate both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in immune-specific manner. Recently, we reported the expression of sperm associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) that is associated with various types of malignancies including cervical cancer. We examined the recombinant human SPAG9 (rhSPAG9) as an antigenic source for generating efficient DCs to stimulate CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses for future DCs-based vaccine trials in cervical cancer patients. Methods Human monocytes derived DCs were pulsed with different concentrations (250 ng/ml to 1000 ng/ml) of recombinant human SPAG9 (rhSPAG9) and evaluated for their phenotypic and functional ability. The efficacy of DCs primed with 750 ng/ml of rhSPAG9 (SPDCs) was compared with DCs primed with autologous tumor lysates (TLDCs), to induce CD4+, CD8+ T cells and activating NK cells. In addition, we investigated the effect of the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin on phenotypic and functional potential of SPDCs. Results Phenotypic and functional characterization of DCs pulsed with 750 ng/ml rhSPAG9 was found to be optimal and effective for priming DCs. SPDCs were also capable of stimulating allogeneic T cells similar to TLDCs. SPDCs showed a statistically insignificant increase in the expression of maturation marker CD83 and migration towards CCL19 and CCL21 compared with TLDCs (CD83; P = 0.4; migration; P = 0.2). In contrast, although TLDCs showed better proliferation and secretion of Th1 cytokines (IL12p40, IL12p70 and IFNγ) compared to SPDCs, this difference was not statistically significant (IL12p40, P = 0.06). Further we also observed that clinical dose of cisplatin (200 µM) treated SPDCs were able to stimulate the proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes without increasing the FOXP3+ Tregs in autologous co-cultures. Conclusions In summary, in order to overcome the limitation of the availability of autologous tumor cells as antigenic sources, our present strategy provides an insight to consider rhSPAG9 as a strong immunogen for DC-based immunotherapy for cervical cancer trials and warrants further studies. This is the first report to suggest that rhSPAG9 is an effective antigen for pulsing DCs that are capable of eliciting a potent Th1 response which, in turn, may help in decreasing the tumor burden when used along with a cisplatin based combinatorial regimen for therapeutic intervention. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-01951-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemavathi Dhandapani
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. Krishnamurthi Campus, 38, SardarPatel Road, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Hascitha Jayakumar
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. Krishnamurthi Campus, 38, SardarPatel Road, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Abirami Seetharaman
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. Krishnamurthi Campus, 38, SardarPatel Road, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Shirley Sunder Singh
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. Krishnamurthi Campus, 38, SardarPatel Road, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Selvaluxmy Ganeshrajah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. Krishnamurthi Campus, 38, SardarPatel Road, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Nirmala Jagadish
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Anil Suri
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rajkumar Thangarajan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. Krishnamurthi Campus, 38, SardarPatel Road, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Priya Ramanathan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr. Krishnamurthi Campus, 38, SardarPatel Road, Chennai, 600036, India.
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15
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Chen Y, Liu R, Li C, Song Y, Liu G, Huang Q, Yu L, Zhu D, Lu C, Lu A, Li L, Liu Y. Nab-paclitaxel promotes the cancer-immunity cycle as a potential immunomodulator. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3445-3460. [PMID: 34354854 PMCID: PMC8332864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a widely used anti-tumor chemotherapeutic drug. Solvent-based paclitaxel causes bone marrow suppression, allergic reactions, neurotoxicity and systemic toxicity, which are associated with non-specific cytotoxicity and side effects of fat-soluble solvents. Studies have explored various new nano-drug strategies of paclitaxel, including nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) to improve the water solubility and safety of paclitaxel. Nab-paclitaxel is a targeted solvent-free formulation that inhibits microtubule depolymerization to anticancer. It is easily taken up by tumor and immune cells owing to the nano-scaled size and superior biocompatibility. The internalized nab-paclitaxel exhibits significant immunostimulatory activities to promote cancer-immunity cycle. The aim of this study was to explore the synergistic effect of nab-paclitaxel in tumor antigen presentation, T cell activation, reversing the immunosuppressive pattern of tumor microenvironment (TME), and the synergistic effect with cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) in clearance of tumor cells. The effects of nab-paclitaxel on modulation of cancer-immunity cycle, provides potential avenues for combined therapeutic rationale to improve efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029, China
| | - Yurong Song
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029, China
| | - Guangzhi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029, China
| | - Qingcai Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029, China
| | - Liuchunyang Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029, China
| | - Dongjie Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon, Hongkong, China
| | - Linfu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical UniversityGanzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029, China
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16
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Jiang L, Jung S, Zhao J, Kasinath V, Ichimura T, Joseph J, Fiorina P, Liss AS, Shah K, Annabi N, Joshi N, Akama TO, Bromberg JS, Kobayashi M, Uchimura K, Abdi R. Simultaneous targeting of primary tumor, draining lymph node, and distant metastases through high endothelial venule-targeted delivery. NANO TODAY 2021; 36:101045. [PMID: 33391389 PMCID: PMC7774643 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2020.101045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients with malignant involvement of tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) and distant metastases have the poorest prognosis. A drug delivery platform that targets the primary tumor, TDLNs, and metastatic niches simultaneously, remains to be developed. Here, we generated a novel monoclonal antibody (MHA112) against peripheral node addressin (PNAd), a family of glycoproteins expressed on high endothelial venules (HEVs), which are present constitutively in the lymph nodes (LNs) and formed ectopically in the tumor stroma. MHA112 was endocytosed by PNAd-expressing cells, where it passed through the lysosomes. MHA112 conjugated antineoplastic drug Paclitaxel (Taxol) (MHA112-Taxol) delivered Taxol effectively to the HEV-containing tumors, TDLNs, and metastatic lesions. MHA112-Taxol treatment significantly reduced primary tumor size as well as metastatic lesions in a number of mouse and human tumor xenografts tested. These data, for the first time, indicate that human metastatic lesions contain HEVs and provide a platform that permits simultaneous targeted delivery of antineoplastic drugs to the three key sites of primary tumor, TDLNs, and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Jiang
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sungwook Jung
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Takaharu Ichimura
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Joseph
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew S. Liss
- Department of Surgery and the Andrew L. Warshaw, MD Institute for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nitin Joshi
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tomoya O. Akama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, 570-8506, Japan
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Departments of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Motohiro Kobayashi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
- CNRS, UMR 8576, Unit of Glycobiology Structures and Functions, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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17
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The Dichotomous Role of Bone Marrow Derived Cells in the Chemotherapy-Treated Tumor Microenvironment. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123912. [PMID: 33276524 PMCID: PMC7761629 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs) play a wide variety of pro- and anti-tumorigenic roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and in the metastatic process. In response to chemotherapy, the anti-tumorigenic function of BMDCs can be enhanced due to chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death. However, in recent years, a growing body of evidence suggests that chemotherapy or other anti-cancer drugs can also facilitate a pro-tumorigenic function in BMDCs. This includes elevated angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation and pro-tumorigenic immune modulation, ultimately contributing to therapy resistance. Such effects do not only contribute to the re-growth of primary tumors but can also support metastasis. Thus, the delicate balance of BMDC activities in the TME is violated following tumor perturbation, further requiring a better understanding of the complex crosstalk between tumor cells and BMDCs. In this review, we discuss the different types of BMDCs that reside in the TME and their activities in tumors following chemotherapy, with a major focus on their pro-tumorigenic role. We also cover aspects of rationally designed combination treatments that target or manipulate specific BMDC types to improve therapy outcomes.
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18
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Manspeaker MP, Thomas SN. Lymphatic immunomodulation using engineered drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 160:19-35. [PMID: 33058931 PMCID: PMC7736326 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Though immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer to improve disease outcomes, an array of challenges remain that limit wider clinical success, including low rate of response and immune-related adverse events. Targeting immunomodulatory drugs to therapeutically relevant tissues offers a way to overcome these challenges by potentially enabling enhanced therapeutic efficacy and decreased incidence of side effects. Research highlighting the importance of lymphatic tissues in the response to immunotherapy has increased interest in the application of engineered drug delivery systems (DDSs) to enable specific targeting of immunomodulators to lymphatic tissues and cells that they house. To this end, a variety of DDS platforms have been developed that enable more efficient uptake into lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes to provide targeted modulation of the immune response to cancer. This can occur either by delivery of immunotherapeutics to lymphatics tissues or by direct modulation of the lymphatic vasculature itself due to their direct involvement in tumor immune processes. This review will highlight DDS platforms that, by enabling the activities of cancer vaccines, chemotherapeutics, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibodies, and anti- or pro-lymphangiogenic factors to lymphatic tissues through directed delivery and controlled release, augment cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret P Manspeaker
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Susan N Thomas
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
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19
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Shi Y. Clinical Translation of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials for Cancer Immunotherapy: Progress and Perspectives. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen University Aachen 52074 Germany
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20
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Valdés-Ferrada J, Muñoz-Durango N, Pérez-Sepulveda A, Muñiz S, Coronado-Arrázola I, Acevedo F, Soto JA, Bueno SM, Sánchez C, Kalergis AM. Peripheral Blood Classical Monocytes and Plasma Interleukin 10 Are Associated to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Breast Cancer Patients. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1413. [PMID: 32733470 PMCID: PMC7363840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death among women. For many patients the most effective treatment is a resection surgery that removes the tumor. Within this subset, patients sometimes receive chemotherapy treatment (CT) prior to surgery aiming to reduce tumor size in order to preserve healthy breast tissue. This strategy is commonly called neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). This approach also offers an opportunity to determine treatment sensitivity, especially in aggressive tumors. Post NAC absence of residual disease is associated to long term survival in BC patients and is used to define the need of adjuvant therapy options. Studies suggest that NAC allows the recognition of tumor antigens by immune cells potentiating the eradication of the tumor. However, the dynamic changes in patients' immune cells under NAC remain unclear. Here, we assessed changes in leucocyte and cytokine profiles in order to determine its association to NAC response in BC patients. Peripheral blood patient samples were taken prior to each NAC cycle to assess the abundance of leukocyte subsets and serum cytokines in 20 patients. These immunological features were associated with clinical outcomes including pathological response. We found a positive correlation between plasma Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and classical monocytes in HER2+ BC patients under NAC. We also observed a trend between increased IL-10 and classical monocytes levels and lower rates of pathologic complete response at the end of NAC. These data support the notion that monocyte subsets and IL-10 could be applied as a novel indicator of NAC efficacy in HER2+ BC patients. Finally, we confirm a key role of the immune system in cancer progression and CT response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Valdés-Ferrada
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Muñoz-Durango
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Pérez-Sepulveda
- Departamento de Hematología-Oncología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sabrina Muñiz
- Departamento de Hematología-Oncología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Irenice Coronado-Arrázola
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Acevedo
- Departamento de Hematología-Oncología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge A Soto
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cesar Sánchez
- Departamento de Hematología-Oncología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Neophytou CM, Pierides C, Christodoulou MI, Costeas P, Kyriakou TC, Papageorgis P. The Role of Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells in Modulating Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:899. [PMID: 32656079 PMCID: PMC7325995 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells include various cellular subtypes that are distinguished into mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells, derived from either common myeloid progenitor cells (CMPs) or myeloid stem cells. They play pivotal roles in innate immunity since, following invasion by pathogens, myeloid cells are recruited and initiate phagocytosis and secretion of inflammatory cytokines into local tissues. Moreover, mounting evidence suggests that myeloid cells may also regulate cancer development by infiltrating the tumor to directly interact with cancer cells or by affecting the tumor microenvironment. Importantly, mononuclear phagocytes, including macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), can have either a positive or negative impact on the efficacy of chemotherapy, radiotherapy as well as targeted anti-cancer therapies. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), profusely found in the tumor stroma, can promote resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, such as Taxol and Paclitaxel, whereas the suppression of TAMs can lead to an improved radiotherapy outcome. On the contrary, the presence of TAMs may be beneficial for targeted therapies as they can facilitate the accumulation of large quantities of nanoparticles carrying therapeutic compounds. Tumor infiltrating DCs, however, are generally thought to enhance cytotoxic therapies, including those using anthracyclines. This review focuses on the role of tumor-infiltrating and stroma myeloid cells in modulating tumor responses to various treatments. We herein report the impact of myeloid cells in a number of therapeutic approaches across a wide range of malignancies, as well as the efforts toward the elimination of myeloid cells or the exploitation of their presence for the enhancement of therapeutic efficacy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana M Neophytou
- European University Research Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Chryso Pierides
- The Center for the Study of Haematological Malignancies, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Paul Costeas
- The Center for the Study of Haematological Malignancies, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus Cancer Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Panagiotis Papageorgis
- European University Research Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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22
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Kim J, Sestito LF, Im S, Kim WJ, Thomas SN. Poly(cyclodextrin)-Polydrug Nanocomplexes as Synthetic Oncolytic Virus for Locoregional Melanoma Chemoimmunotherapy. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1908788. [PMID: 33071710 PMCID: PMC7566879 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201908788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the approval of oncolytic virus therapy for advanced melanoma, its intrinsic limitations that include the risk of persistent viral infection and cost-intensive manufacturing motivate the development of analogous approaches that are free from the disadvantages of virus-based therapies. Herein, we report a nanoassembly comprised of multivalent host-guest interactions between polymerized paclitaxel (pPTX) and nitric oxide incorporated polymerized β-cyclodextrin (pCD-pSNO) that through its bioactive components and when used locoregionally recapitulates the therapeutic effects of oncolytic virus. The resultant pPTX/pCD-pSNO exhibits significantly enhanced cytotoxicity, immunogenic cell death, dendritic cell activation and T cell expansion in vitro compared to free agents alone or in combination. In vivo, intratumoral administration of pPTX/pCD-pSNO results in activation and expansion of dendritic cells systemically, but with a corresponding expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and suppression of CD8+ T cell expansion. When combined with antibody targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 that blunts this molecule's signaling effects on T cells, intratumoral pPTX/pCD-pSNO treatment elicits potent anticancer effects that significantly prolong animal survival. This formulation thus leverages the chemo- and immunotherapeutic synergies of paclitaxel and nitric oxide and suggests the potential for virus-free nanoformulations to mimic the therapeutic action and benefits of oncolytic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kim
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Lauren F Sestito
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA and Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Sooseok Im
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Susan N Thomas
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA and Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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23
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Abu Samaan TM, Samec M, Liskova A, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. Paclitaxel's Mechanistic and Clinical Effects on Breast Cancer. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120789. [PMID: 31783552 PMCID: PMC6995578 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX), the most widely used anticancer drug, is applied for the treatment of various types of malignant diseases. Mechanisms of PTX action represent several ways in which PTX affects cellular processes resulting in programmed cell death. PTX is frequently used as the first-line treatment drug in breast cancer (BC). Unfortunately, the resistance of BC to PTX treatment is a great obstacle in clinical applications and one of the major causes of death associated with treatment failure. Factors contributing to PTX resistance, such as ABC transporters, microRNAs (miRNAs), or mutations in certain genes, along with side effects of PTX including peripheral neuropathy or hypersensitivity associated with the vehicle used to overcome its poor solubility, are responsible for intensive research concerning the use of PTX in preclinical and clinical studies. Novelties such as albumin-bound PTX (nab-PTX) demonstrate a progressive approach leading to higher efficiency and decreased risk of side effects after drug administration. Moreover, PTX nanoparticles for targeted treatment of BC promise a stable and efficient therapeutic intervention. Here, we summarize current research focused on PTX, its evaluations in preclinical research and application clinical practice as well as the perspective of the drug for future implication in BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tala M. Abu Samaan
- Department of Pre-Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
- Correspondence: (T.M.A.S.); (D.B.); Tel.: +974-4492-8334 (D.B.); Fax: +974-4492-8333 (D.B.)
| | - Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.)
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.)
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
- Correspondence: (T.M.A.S.); (D.B.); Tel.: +974-4492-8334 (D.B.); Fax: +974-4492-8333 (D.B.)
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24
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Molecular basis and rationale for combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 46:100644. [PMID: 31585395 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Kim J, Manspeaker MP, Thomas SN. Augmenting the synergies of chemotherapy and immunotherapy through drug delivery. Acta Biomater 2019; 88:1-14. [PMID: 30769136 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent approvals of multiple cancer immunotherapies, low tumor immunogenicity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments prevent a large portion of patients from responding to these treatment modalities. Given the immunomodulatory and adjuvant effects of conventional chemotherapy as well as its widespread clinical use, the use of chemotherapy in combination with immunotherapy (so-called chemoimmunotherapy) is an attractive approach to potentiate the effects of immunotherapy in more patient populations. However, due to the limited extent of tumor accumulation, poorly controlled interactions with the immune system, and effects on systemic healthy tissues by chemotherapeutic drugs, the incorporation of anti-cancer agents into biomaterial-based structures, such as nanocarriers, is highly attractive to improve the safety and efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy. Herein, we review the recent progress in drug delivery systems (DDSs) for potentiating the immunomodulatory effects of chemotherapeutics in chemoimmunotherapy, which represent among the most promising next generation strategies for cancer treatment in the immunotherapy era. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Given the benefits of cancer immunotherapy in inducing durable, albeit low rates, of patient response, interest in the immunomodulatory and adjuvant effects of conventional chemotherapy has been re-invigorated. This review article discusses the recent progress towards understanding the synergies between these two treatment types, how they can be used in combination (so-called chemoimmunotherapy), and the potential for drug delivery systems to optimize their effects in translational settings.
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26
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The Potential of Combining Tubulin-Targeting Anticancer Therapeutics and Immune Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030586. [PMID: 30704031 PMCID: PMC6387102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immune therapy has recently shown tremendous promise to combat many different cancers. The microtubule is a well-defined and very effective cancer therapeutic target. Interestingly, several lines of evidence now suggest that microtubules are intimately connected to the body’s immune responses. This raises the possibility that the combination of microtubule inhibitors and immune therapy can be a highly effective option for cancer treatments. However, our understanding on this potentially important aspect is still very limited, due in part to the multifaceted nature of microtubule functions. Microtubules are not only involved in maintaining cell morphology, but also a variety of cellular processes, including the movement of secretory vesicles and organelles, intracellular macromolecular assembly, signaling pathways, and cell division. Microtubule inhibitors may be subdivided into two classes: Anti-depolymerization agents such as the taxane family, and anti-polymerization agents such as colchicine and vinka alkaloids. These two different classes may have different effects on immune cell subtypes. Anti-depolymerization agents can not only induce NK cells, but also appear to inhibit T regulatory (Treg) cells. However, different inhibitors may have different functions even among the same class. For example, the doxetaxel anti-depolymerization agent up-regulates cytotoxic T cells, while paclitaxel down-regulates them. Certain anti-polymerization agents such as colchicine appear to down-regulate most immune cell types, while inducing dendritic cell maturation and increasing M1 macrophage population. In contrast, the vinblastine anti-polymerization agent activates many of these cell types, albeit down-regulating Treg cells. In this review, we focus on the various effects of tubulin inhibitors on the activities of the body’s immune system, in the hope of paving the way to develop an effective cancer therapy by combining tubulin-targeting anticancer agents and immune therapy.
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27
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Zheng H, Zeltsman M, Zauderer MG, Eguchi T, Vaghjiani RG, Adusumilli PS. Chemotherapy-induced immunomodulation in non-small-cell lung cancer: a rationale for combination chemoimmunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2019; 9:913-927. [PMID: 29338609 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spurred by the survival benefits seen with the use of checkpoint blockade in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there has been a growing interest in the potential applications of immunotherapy. Despite this, the objective response rate for single-agent immunotherapy remains ≤20% in patients with advanced NSCLC. A combinatorial approach that utilizes both chemotherapy and immunotherapy is a potential strategy to increase antitumor efficacy. Accumulating evidence has shown that the immunomodulatory effects of chemotherapeutic agents can be exploited in a combinational approach. Herein, we review the influence of specific chemotherapeutic agents on the tumor immune microenvironment in preclinical and clinical studies, and establish the rationale for combination chemoimmunotherapy for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zheng
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, NY, USA.,Department of Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, 97 Machang, Tongzhou District, Beijing, China
| | - Masha Zeltsman
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, NY, USA
| | - Marjorie G Zauderer
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, NY, USA
| | - Takashi Eguchi
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, NY, USA
| | - Raj G Vaghjiani
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, NY, USA
| | - Prasad S Adusumilli
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, NY, USA.,Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Deputy Chief, Translational & Clinical Research, Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery; Associate Attending, Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery; Director, Mesothelioma Program; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, NY 10065, USA
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28
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29
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Wang X, Liu Y, Diao Y, Gao N, Wan Y, Zhong J, Zheng H, Wang Z, Jin G. Gastric cancer vaccines synthesized using a TLR7 agonist and their synergistic antitumor effects with 5-fluorouracil. J Transl Med 2018; 16:120. [PMID: 29739434 PMCID: PMC5941430 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccines play increasingly important roles in cancer treatment due to their advantages of effective targeting and few side effects. Our laboratory has attempted to construct vaccines by conjugating TLR7 agonists with tumor-associated antigens. Furthermore, immunochemotherapy has recently become an appealing approach to cancer therapy. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent, can reportedly potently and selectively kill tumor-associated MDSCs in vivo. Methods Gastric cancer vaccines were synthesized by the covalent attachment of our TLR7 agonist with the gastric cancer antigen MG7-Ag tetra-epitope, leading to T7 − ML (linear tetra-epitope) and T7 − MB (branched tetra-epitope). Cytokines induced by the vaccines in vitro were assessed by ELISA. A tumor challenge model was created by treating BALB/c mice on either a prophylactic or therapeutic vaccination schedule. 5-FU was simultaneously applied to mice in the combination treatment group. CTL and ADCC activities were determined by the LDH method, while CD3+/CD8+, CD3+/CD4+ T cells and MDSCs were evaluated by flow cytometry. Results In vitro, rapid TNF-α and IL-12 inductions occurred in BMDCs treated with the vaccines. In vivo, among all the vaccines tested, T7 − MB most effectively reduced EAC tumor burdens and induced CTLs, antibodies and ADCC activity in BALB/c mice. Immunization with T7 − MB in combination with 5-FU chemotherapy reduced tumor sizes and extended long-term survival rates, mainly by improving T cell responses, including CTLs, CD3+/CD8+ and CD3+/CD4+ T cells. 5-FU also enhanced the T7 − MB efficiency by reversing immunosuppressive factors, i.e., MDSCs, which could not be validly inhibited by the vaccines alone. In addition, T7 − MB repressed tumor growth and immune tolerance when the therapeutic schedule was used, although the effects were weaker than those achieved with either T7 − MB alone or in combination with 5-FU on the prophylactic schedule. Conclusions A novel effective gastric cancer vaccine was constructed, and the importance of branched multiple antigen peptides and chemical conjugation to vaccine design were confirmed. The synergistic effects and mechanisms of T7 − MB and 5-FU were also established, observing mainly T cell activation and MDSC inhibition. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1501-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuwen Diao
- Department of Biology and School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Ningning Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyan Wan
- The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Huali Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhulin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangyi Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China. .,Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China.
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30
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Millrud CR, Mehmeti M, Leandersson K. Docetaxel promotes the generation of anti-tumorigenic human macrophages. Exp Cell Res 2017; 362:525-531. [PMID: 29269075 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The taxanes Docetaxel and Paclitaxel are two of the standard chemotherapies for patients with metastatic breast cancer. The functional effect of Docetaxel and Paclitaxel on human innate immune cells of the myeloid lineage is not well established, nor is the effects these agents have on differentiation of monocytes into macrophages and dendritic cells. Therefore, the aim with this project was to determine the effects of Docetaxel and Paclitaxel on primary human monocyte differentiation, activation and function. For this purpose, primary human monocytes were isolated from healthy donors and cultured with or without Docetaxel and Paclitaxel. We found that Docetaxel promoted the differentiation of primary human monocytes into pro-inflammatory macrophages with an M1 phenotype and an ability to present antigens to T cells. Monocytes treated with Docetaxel also displayed an elevated secretion of IL-8 and IL-1β, but did not promote generation of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In conclusion, Docetaxel appears to have an immune stimulatory effect that would be beneficial for an anti-tumorigenic type of immune response, whereas Paclitaxel seems to have less effect on myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Rydberg Millrud
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skånes University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Meliha Mehmeti
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skånes University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karin Leandersson
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skånes University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Treatment of colon cancer cells with 5-fluorouracil can improve the effectiveness of RNA-transfected antitumor dendritic cell vaccine. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:561-568. [PMID: 28586072 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-cytotoxic concentrations of selected chemotherapeutic agents amplify the antigen presentation capacity of dendritic cells (DCs) and are able to increase the immunogenicity of the colon cancer cell lineage HCT‑116, as previously demonstrated by our group. Since this functional alteration was associated with changes in gene expression, we aimed to evaluate whether transcriptional changes of tumor cells can be transferred to DCs, increasing their ability to induce a specific antitumor response. Therefore, HCT‑116 cells were treated with two different concentrations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and their total RNA was transfected into human monocyte-derived DC, which function was evaluated through their ability to stimulate the proliferation of normal allogeneic T lymphocytes (MLR), and to generate cytolytic T cells. The transfected DCs demonstrated an increased percentage of CD83+, HLA-DR+, CD80+ and CD86+ cells. These phenotypical changes were followed by functional improvement demonstrated by the increased capacity of these DC to induce allogeneic T cell proliferation and to generate specific anti-HCT‑116 cytolytic T cells, as demonstrated by IFN-γ production following in vitro challenge with tumor cells. Our results allow us to conclude that treatment of tumor cells with a non-toxic concentration of 5-FU induces immunogenic changes that are transferred to DC by transfection of total RNA.
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Chen Y, Xia R, Huang Y, Zhao W, Li J, Zhang X, Wang P, Venkataramanan R, Fan J, Xie W, Ma X, Lu B, Li S. An immunostimulatory dual-functional nanocarrier that improves cancer immunochemotherapy. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13443. [PMID: 27819653 PMCID: PMC5103075 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunochemotherapy combines a chemotherapeutic agent with an immune-modulating agent and represents an attractive approach to improve cancer therapy. However, the success of immunochemotherapy is hampered by the lack of a strategy to effectively co-deliver the two therapeutics to the tumours. Here we report the development of a dual-functional, immunostimulatory nanomicellar carrier that is based on a prodrug conjugate of PEG with NLG919, an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor currently used for reversing tumour immune suppression. An Fmoc group, an effective drug-interactive motif, is also introduced into the carrier to improve the drug loading capacity and formulation stability. We show that PEG2k-Fmoc-NLG alone is effective in enhancing T-cell immune responses and exhibits significant antitumour activity in vivo. More importantly, systemic delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) using the PEG2k-Fmoc-NLG nanocarrier leads to a significantly improved antitumour response in both breast cancer and melanoma mouse models. The use of immunostimulatory agents to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy is a promising strategy in cancer therapy. Here, the authors report on a micellar nanoparticle that can effectively co-deliver chemo- and immunotherapeutics, resulting in an improved in vivo antitumour response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Chen
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Rui Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Yixian Huang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Wenchen Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Jiang Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Raman Venkataramanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Xiaochao Ma
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Binfeng Lu
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Song Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Diederich M, Cerella C. Non-canonical programmed cell death mechanisms triggered by natural compounds. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:4-34. [PMID: 27262793 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds are the fundament of pharmacological treatments and more than 50% of all anticancer drugs are of natural origins or at least derived from scaffolds present in Nature. Over the last 25 years, molecular mechanisms triggered by natural anticancer compounds were investigated. Emerging research showed that molecules of natural origins are useful for both preventive and therapeutic purposes by targeting essential hallmarks and enabling characteristics described by Hanahan and Weinberg. Moreover, natural compounds were able to change the differentiation status of selected cell types. One of the earliest response of cells treated by pharmacologically active compounds is the change of its morphology leading to ultra-structural perturbations: changes in membrane composition, cytoskeleton integrity, alterations of the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and of the nucleus lead to formation of morphological alterations that are a characteristic of both compound and cancer type preceding cell death. Apoptosis and autophagy were traditionally considered as the most prominent cell death or cell death-related mechanisms. By now multiple other cell death modalities were described and most likely involved in response to chemotherapeutic treatment. It can be hypothesized that especially necrosis-related phenotypes triggered by various treatments or evolving from apoptotic or autophagic mechanisms, provide a more efficient therapeutic outcome depending on cancer type and genetic phenotype of the patient. In fact, the recent discovery of multiple regulated forms of necrosis and the initial elucidation of the corresponding cell signaling pathways appear nowadays as important tools to clarify the immunogenic potential of non-canonical forms of cell death induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Claudia Cerella
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Brunet LR, Hagemann T, Andrew G, Mudan S, Marabelle A. Have lessons from past failures brought us closer to the success of immunotherapy in metastatic pancreatic cancer? Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1112942. [PMID: 27141395 PMCID: PMC4839322 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1112942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is extremely resistant to chemo- and radiation-therapies due to its inherent genetic instability, the local immunosuppressive microenvironment and the remarkable desmoplastic stromal changes which characterize this cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improvement on standard current therapeutic options. Immunotherapies aimed at harnessing endogenous antitumor immunity have shown promise in multiple tumor types. In this review, we give an overview of new immune-related therapeutic strategies currently being tested in clinical trials in pancreatic cancer. We propose that immunotherapeutic strategies in combination with current therapies may offer new hopes in this most deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gayab Andrew
- Deparment of Clinical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London, UK
| | | | - Aurelien Marabelle
- INSERM, U1015, Villejuif, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 507, Villejuif, France; Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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Namdar A, Mirzaei HR, Hafezi M, Khosravianfar N, Kheshtchin N, Mirzaei R, Hadjati J, Rezaei A. Low Noncytotoxic Concentrations of 5-Fluorouracil Have No Adverse Effects on Maturation and Function of Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells in vitro: A Potentially Safe Adjuvant for Dendritic Cell-Based Cancer Therapy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2015; 168:122-30. [DOI: 10.1159/000442290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Targeting immune checkpoints has led to promising results in metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). By restoring antitumor immunity, these treatments are able to induce prolonged clinical responses. The level of activity and the durability of responses observed in phase I trials has led most companies to launch phases II and III trials whose results are highly expected. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we present efficacy and toxicity results of the different immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) currently developed in NSCLC and report other checkpoints currently explored. The specific profile of tumor responses and immune-related toxicity observed with immunotherapy will be addressed. Finally, to illustrate the new insights into the development of these drugs, we will give an overview of the different ICIs combination studies evaluated in NSCLC and will discuss the role of programmed cell death-L1 as a potential biomarker. SUMMARY This review will address some of the future challenges of ICIs in NSCLC.
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Chiang CLL, Balint K, Coukos G, Kandalaft LE. Potential approaches for more successful dendritic cell-based immunotherapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:569-82. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Aston WJ, Fisher SA, Khong A, Mok C, Nowak AK, Lake RA, Lesterhuis WJ. Combining chemotherapy and checkpoint blockade in thoracic cancer: how to proceed? Lung Cancer Manag 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/lmt.14.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Given the impressive efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in thoracic malignancies, and the recently discovered immune-stimulating properties of many cytotoxic drugs, a logical next step would be to combine these treatments. However, the rational design of clinical trials investigating these combinations is hampered by a lack of knowledge regarding the overall immunogenic effects of the different chemotherapeutics. Here, we give an overview of the field with regard to checkpoint blockade and the immunological effects of cytotoxic chemotherapeutics, with particular focus on preclinical and clinical studies investigating the combination of these two treatment modalities. We discuss the hurdles that need to be overcome in order to optimally exploit chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade combinations in thoracic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne J Aston
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, School of Medicine & Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 5th Floor, QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Scott A Fisher
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, School of Medicine & Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 5th Floor, QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Andrea Khong
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, School of Medicine & Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 5th Floor, QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Clara Mok
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, School of Medicine & Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 5th Floor, QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Anna K Nowak
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, School of Medicine & Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 5th Floor, QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Richard A Lake
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, School of Medicine & Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 5th Floor, QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - W Joost Lesterhuis
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, School of Medicine & Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 5th Floor, QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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Park HJ, Lee SW, Park H, Park SH, Hong S. A Tubulin Inhibitor, N-(5-Benzyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-3-(furan-2-yl)prop-2-enamide, Induces Anti-inflammatory Innate Immune Responses to Attenuate LPS-mediated Septic Shock. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.11.3307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Martin K, Müller P, Schreiner J, Prince SS, Lardinois D, Heinzelmann-Schwarz VA, Thommen DS, Zippelius A. The microtubule-depolymerizing agent ansamitocin P3 programs dendritic cells toward enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:925-38. [PMID: 24906866 PMCID: PMC11029065 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In addition to direct tumor cell cytotoxicity, chemotherapy can mediate tumor reduction through immune modulation of the tumor microenvironment to promote anti-tumor immunity. Mature dendritic cells (DCs) play key roles in priming robust immune responses in tumor-bearing hosts. Here, we screened a panel of 21 anticancer agents with defined molecular targets for their ability to induce direct maturation of DCs. We identified ansamitocin P3, a microtubule-depolymerizing agent, as a potent inducer of phenotypic and functional maturation of DCs. Exposure of both murine spleen-derived and human monocyte-derived DCs to ansamitocin P3 triggered up-regulation of maturation markers and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in an enhanced T cell stimulatory capacity. Local administration of ansamitocin P3 induced maturation of skin Langerhans cells in vivo and promoted antigen uptake and extensive homing of tumor-resident DCs to tumor-draining lymph nodes. When used as an adjuvant in a specific vaccination approach, ansamitocin P3 dramatically increased activation of antigen-specific T cells. Finally, we demonstrate that ansamitocin P3, due to its immunomodulatory properties, acts in synergy with antibody-mediated blockade of the T cell inhibitory receptors PD-1 and CTLA-4. The combination treatment was most effective and induced durable growth inhibition of established tumors. Mechanistically, we observed a reduced regulatory T cell frequency and improved T cell effector function at the tumor site. Taken together, our study unravels an immune-based anti-tumor mechanism exploited by microtubule-depolymerizing agents, including ansamitocin P3, and paves the way for future clinical trials combining this class of agents with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kea Martin
- Cancer Immunology and Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Müller
- Cancer Immunology and Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Schreiner
- Cancer Immunology and Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Didier Lardinois
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniela S. Thommen
- Cancer Immunology and Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Cancer Immunology and Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Liu J, He C, Zhou H, Xu Y, Zhang X, Yan J, Xie H, Cheng S. Effects of TLR4 on β2-glycoprotein I-induced bone marrow-derived dendritic cells maturation. Cell Immunol 2014; 290:226-32. [PMID: 25108557 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study has demonstrated that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) can contribute to anti-β2-glycoprotein I/β2-glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI/β2GPI)-induced tissue factor (TF) expression in human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1. However, the role of TLR4 in the activation of autoimmune response in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) has rarely been reported. In this study, we focused on the role of TLR4 in β2GPI-induced maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). iDCs from C3H/HeN mice stimulated with β2GPI were more mature than that from C3H/HeJ mice, yields of CD11c(+)MHCII(+)DCs, CD11c(+)CD80(+)DCs and CD11c(+)CD86(+)DCs and production of some pro-inflammatory cytokines in iDCs from C3H/HeN were higher than those from C3H/HeJ (p<0.05). Moreover, the ability of β2GPI-treated iDCs from C3H/HeJ to stimulate proliferation of allogeneic mixed lymphocytes was lower than that of iDCs from C3H/HeN. In conclusion, our results indicate that TLR4 may play a significant role in β2-glycoprotein I-induced BMDCs maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Chao He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China.
| | - Ya Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Jinchuan Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China.
| | - Hongxiang Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Si Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
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Bargerstock E, Puvenna V, Iffland P, Falcone T, Hossain M, Vetter S, Man S, Dickstein L, Marchi N, Ghosh C, Carvalho-Tavares J, Janigro D. Is peripheral immunity regulated by blood-brain barrier permeability changes? PLoS One 2014; 9:e101477. [PMID: 24988410 PMCID: PMC4079719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
S100B is a reporter of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity which appears in blood when the BBB is breached. Circulating S100B derives from either extracranial sources or release into circulation by normal fluctuations in BBB integrity or pathologic BBB disruption (BBBD). Elevated S100B matches the clinical presence of indices of BBBD (gadolinium enhancement or albumin coefficient). After repeated sub-concussive episodes, serum S100B triggers an antigen-driven production of anti-S100B autoantibodies. We tested the hypothesis that the presence of S100B in extracranial tissue is due to peripheral cellular uptake of serum S100B by antigen presenting cells, which may induce the production of auto antibodies against S100B. To test this hypothesis, we used animal models of seizures, enrolled patients undergoing repeated BBBD, and collected serum samples from epileptic patients. We employed a broad array of techniques, including immunohistochemistry, RNA analysis, tracer injection and serum analysis. mRNA for S100B was segregated to barrier organs (testis, kidney and brain) but S100B protein was detected in immunocompetent cells in spleen, thymus and lymph nodes, in resident immune cells (Langerhans, satellite cells in heart muscle, etc.) and BBB endothelium. Uptake of labeled S100B by rat spleen CD4+ or CD8+ and CD86+ dendritic cells was exacerbated by pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus which is accompanied by BBBD. Clinical seizures were preceded by a surge of serum S100B. In patients undergoing repeated therapeutic BBBD, an autoimmune response against S100B was measured. In addition to its role in the central nervous system and its diagnostic value as a BBBD reporter, S100B may integrate blood-brain barrier disruption to the control of systemic immunity by a mechanism involving the activation of immune cells. We propose a scenario where extravasated S100B may trigger a pathologic autoimmune reaction linking systemic and CNS immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Bargerstock
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Vikram Puvenna
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Philip Iffland
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Falcone
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Hossain
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Stephen Vetter
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shumei Man
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Leah Dickstein
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nicola Marchi
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Chaitali Ghosh
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Juliana Carvalho-Tavares
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Damir Janigro
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Flocel, Inc. Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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43
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Seth A, Heo MB, Lim YT. Poly (γ-glutamic acid) based combination of water-insoluble paclitaxel and TLR7 agonist for chemo-immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2014; 35:7992-8001. [PMID: 24954733 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advanced anti-cancer regimens are being introduced for more effective cancer treatment with improved life expectancy. In this research, immuno-stimulating agent toll-like receptor-7 (TLR-7) agonist-imiquimod and low dose chemotherapeutic agent-paclitaxel were synergized to demonstrate tumor therapy along with anti-tumor memory effect. Both therapeutic agents being water insoluble were dispersed in water with the help of water soluble polymer: poly (γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) using a co-solvent systems leading to formation of micro-dispersions of drugs. Paclitaxel and imiquimod formed crystalline microstructures in the size range of 2-3 μm and were stably dispersed in γ-PGA matrix for more than 6 months. Paclitaxel and combination of paclitaxel and imiquimod had significant tumor killing effect in-vitro on various tumor cell lines, while antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells-DCs) treated with the same concentration of imiquimod along with the combination led to enhanced proliferation (250%). In DCs, enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory and Th1 cytokines was observed in cells co-treated with paclitaxel and imiquimod dispersed in γ-PGA. When administered by intra-tumoral injection in mouse melanoma tumor model, the treatment with combination exemplified drastic inhibition of tumor growth leading to 70% survival as compared to individual components with 0% survival at day 41. The anti-tumor response generated was also found to have systemic memory response since the vaccinated mice significantly deferred secondary tumor development at distant site 6 weeks after treatment. The relative number and activation status of DCs in-vivo was found to be dramatically increased in case of mice treated with combination. The dramatic inhibition of tumor treated with combination is expected to be mediated by both chemotherapeutic killing of tumor cells followed by uptake of released antigen by the DCs and due to enhanced proliferation and activation of the DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Seth
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Beom Heo
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Taik Lim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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44
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Müller P, Martin K, Theurich S, Schreiner J, Savic S, Terszowski G, Lardinois D, Heinzelmann-Schwarz VA, Schlaak M, Kvasnicka HM, Spagnoli G, Dirnhofer S, Speiser DE, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Zippelius A. Microtubule-depolymerizing agents used in antibody-drug conjugates induce antitumor immunity by stimulation of dendritic cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:741-55. [PMID: 24916470 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) are emerging as powerful treatment strategies with outstanding target-specificity and high therapeutic activity in patients with cancer. Brentuximab vedotin represents a first-in-class ADC directed against CD30(+) malignancies. We hypothesized that its sustained clinical responses could be related to the stimulation of an anticancer immune response. In this study, we demonstrate that the dolastatin family of microtubule inhibitors, from which the cytotoxic component of brentuximab vedotin is derived, comprises potent inducers of phenotypic and functional dendritic cell (DC) maturation. In addition to the direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells, dolastatins efficiently promoted antigen uptake and migration of tumor-resident DCs to the tumor-draining lymph nodes. Exposure of murine and human DCs to dolastatins significantly increased their capacity to prime T cells. Underlining the requirement of an intact host immune system for the full therapeutic benefit of dolastatins, the antitumor effect was far less pronounced in immunocompromised mice. We observed substantial therapeutic synergies when combining dolastatins with tumor antigen-specific vaccination or blockade of the PD-1-PD-L1 and CTLA-4 coinhibitory pathways. Ultimately, treatment with ADCs using dolastatins induces DC homing and activates cellular antitumor immune responses in patients. Our data reveal a novel mechanism of action for dolastatins and provide a strong rationale for clinical treatment regimens combining dolastatin-based therapies, such as brentuximab vedotin, with immune-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Müller
- Cancer Immunology & Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Departments of
| | - Kea Martin
- Cancer Immunology & Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Departments of
| | - Sebastian Theurich
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Cologne Interventional Immunology and
| | - Jens Schreiner
- Cancer Immunology & Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Departments of
| | | | | | | | | | - Max Schlaak
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Cancer Center (CIO), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; and
| | | | - Giulio Spagnoli
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management, University of Basel, Basel
| | | | - Daniel E Speiser
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Alfred Zippelius
- Cancer Immunology & Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Departments of Medical Oncology,
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46
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Abstract
In 2010, the US FDA approved the first therapeutic cancer vaccine for the treatment of castration refractory prostate cancer - sipuleucel-T. Prostate cancer is an ideal model for cancer vaccine development based on the ready demonstration of humoral and cellular immunity to a range of cancer antigens as well as often slow progression which means that patients who are otherwise well may have a radiologically evaluable minor progression, after conventional treatment and can undergo vaccine therapy over sufficient periods of time, so as to allow the generation of a robust antitumor response. The association of prostate cancer with one of the few serum cancer biomarkers in general use has also allowed assessment of response and risk stratification of patients. In this review, we will examine key aspects of the evolution of prostate cancer vaccines, which provides an accurate prototype for other cancers, and the challenges we face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Michael
- Oncology Group, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Leggett Building, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK.
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47
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Henry JY, Labarthe MC, Meyer B, Dasgupta P, Dalgleish AG, Galustian C. Enhanced cross-priming of naive CD8+ T cells by dendritic cells treated by the IMiDs® immunomodulatory compounds lenalidomide and pomalidomide. Immunology 2013; 139:377-85. [PMID: 23374145 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The IMiDs(®) immunomodulatory compounds lenalidomide and pomalidomide are agents with anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-cancer activity. An excellent success rate has been shown for multiple myeloma in phase I/II clinical trials leading to Food and Drug Administration approval of lenalidomide. One mechanism by which these drugs could enhance anti-tumour immunity may be through enhanced dendritic cell (DC) function. Thalidomide, a compound structurally related to lenalidomide and pomalidomide, is known to enhance DC function, and we have investigated whether its analogues, pomalidomide and lenalidomide, also have functional effects on DCs. We used mouse bone marrow-derived DCs treated with 5 or 10 μm pomalidomide, or lenalidomide from day 1 of culture. Treatment with IMiD(®) immunomodulatory compounds increased expression of Class I (H2-Kb), CD86, and pomalidomide also increased Class II (I-Ab) expression in bone marrow-derived DCs, as measured by flow cytometry. Fluorescent bead uptake was increased by up to 45% when DCs were treated with 5 or 10 μm pomalidomide or lenalidomide compared with non-treated DCs. Antigen presentation assays using DCs primed with ovalbumin, and syngeneic T cells from transgenic OTI and OTII mice (containing MHC restricted, ovalbumin-specific, T cells) showed that both pomalidomide and lenalidomide effectively increased CD8(+) T-cell cross-priming (by up to 47%) and that pomalidomide alone was effective in increasing CD4(+) T-cell priming (by 30%). Our observations suggest that pomalidomide and lenalidomide enhance tumour antigen uptake by DCs with an increased efficacy of antigen presentation, indicating a possible use of these drugs in DC vaccine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Y Henry
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Division of Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK
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48
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Ustinova EE, Shurin GV, Gutkin DW, Shurin MR. The role of TLR4 in the paclitaxel effects on neuronal growth in vitro. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56886. [PMID: 23441224 PMCID: PMC3575491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (Pac) is an antitumor agent that is widely used for treatment of solid cancers. While being effective as a chemotherapeutic agent, Pac in high doses is neurotoxic, specifically targeting sensory innervations. In view of these toxic effects associated with conventional chemotherapy, decreasing the dose of Pac has been recently suggested as an alternative approach, which might limit neurotoxicity and immunosuppression. However, it remains unclear if low doses of Pac retain its neurotoxic properties or might exhibit unusual effects on neuronal cells. The goal of this study was to analyze the concentration-dependent effect of Pac on isolated and cultured DRG neuronal cells from wild-type and TLR4 knockout mice. Three different morphological parameters were analyzed: the number of neurons which developed neurites, the number of neurites per cell and the total length of neurites per cell. Our data demonstrate that low concentrations of Pac (0.1 nM and 0.5 nM) do not influence the neuronal growth in cultures in both wild type and TLR4 knockout mice. Higher concentrations of Pac (1–100 nM) had a significant effect on DRG neurons from wild type mice, affecting the number of neurons which developed neurites, number of neurites per cell, and the length of neurites. In DRG from TLR4 knockout mice high concentrations of Pac showed a similar effect on the number of neurons which developed neurites and the length of neurites. At the same time, the number of neurites per cell, indicating the process of growth cone initiation, was not affected by high concentrations of Pac. Thus, our data showed that Pac in high concentrations has a significant damaging effect on axonal growth and that this effect is partially mediated through TLR4 pathways. Low doses of Pac are devoid of neuronal toxicity and thus can be safely used in a chemomodulation mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E Ustinova
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
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Chen G, Emens LA. Chemoimmunotherapy: reengineering tumor immunity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:203-16. [PMID: 23389507 PMCID: PMC3608094 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy drugs have long been considered immune suppressive. However, more recent data indicate that some cytotoxic drugs effectively treat cancer in part by facilitating an immune response to the tumor when given at the standard dose and schedule. These drugs induce a form of tumor cell death that is immunologically active, thereby inducing an adaptive immune response specific for the tumor. In addition, cancer chemotherapy drugs can promote tumor immunity through ancillary and largely unappreciated immunologic effects on both the malignant and normal host cells present within the tumor microenvironment. These more subtle immunomodulatory effects are dependent on the drug itself, its dose, and its schedule in relation to an immune-based intervention. The recent approvals of two new immune-based therapies for prostate cancer and melanoma herald a new era in cancer treatment and have led to heightened interest in immunotherapy as a valid approach to cancer treatment. A detailed understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of interactions between chemotherapy drugs and the immune system is essential for devising the optimal strategy for integrating new immune-based therapies into the standard of care for various cancers, resulting in the greatest long-term clinical benefit for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231-1000, USA
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Apicidin and docetaxel combination treatment drives CTCFL expression and HMGB1 release acting as potential antitumor immune response inducers in metastatic breast cancer cells. Neoplasia 2013; 14:855-67. [PMID: 23019417 DOI: 10.1593/neo.121020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently approved combination regimens available for the treatment of metastatic tumors, such as breast cancer, have been shown to increase response rates, often at the cost of a substantial increase in toxicity. An ideal combination strategy may consist of agents with different mechanisms of action leading to complementary antitumor activities and safety profiles. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the epigenetic modulator apicidin in combination with the cytotoxic agent docetaxel in tumor breast cell lines characterized by different grades of invasiveness. We report that combined treatment of apicidin and docetaxel, at low toxicity doses, stimulates in metastatic breast cancer cells the expression of CTCF-like protein and other cancer antigens, thus potentially favoring an antitumor immune response. In addition, apicidin and docetaxel co-treatment specifically stimulates apoptosis, characterized by an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-8 activation. Importantly, following combined exposure to these agents, metastatic cells were also found to induce signals of immunogenic apoptosis such as cell surface expression of calreticulin and release of considerable amounts of high-mobility group box 1 protein, thus potentially promoting the translation of induced cell death into antitumor immune response. Altogether, our results indicate that the combined use of apicidin and docetaxel, at a low toxicity profile, may represent a potential innovative strategy able to activate complementary antitumor pathways in metastatic breast cancer cells, associated with a potential control of metastatic growth and possible induction of antitumor immunity.
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