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Li S, Yu N, Tang Y, Liu C, Zhang Y, Chen X, Wu H, Li X, Liu Y. Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability study of two cefquinome sulfate intramammary infusions in cow milk. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1384076. [PMID: 38528872 PMCID: PMC10962211 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1384076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, two intramammary infusions of cefquinome sulfate were investigated for pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. Twelve lactating cows for each group were administered an effective dose of 75 mg/gland for cefquinome, with milk samples collected at various time intervals. The concentrations of cefquinome in milk at different times were determined by the UPLC-MS/MS method. Analyses of noncompartmental pharmacokinetics were conducted on the concentration of cefquinome in milk. Mean pharmacokinetic parameters of group A and group B following intramammary administration were as follows: AUClast 300558.57 ± 25052.78 ng/mL and 266551.3 ± 50654.85 ng/mL, Cmax 51786.35 ± 11948.4 ng/mL and 59763.7 ± 8403.2 ng/mL, T1/2 5.69 ± 0.62 h and 5.25 ± 1.62 h, MRT 7.43 ± 0.79 h and 4.8 ± 0.78 h, respectively. Pharmacokinetic experiments showed that the relative bioavailability of group B was 88.69% that of group A. From our findings, group B (3 g: 75 mg) shows a quicker drug elimination process than group A (8 g: 75 mg), which suggests that the withdrawal period for the new formulation may be shorter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Yu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoxin Tang
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunshuang Liu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiubo Li
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Jiménez-Rojas V, Villanueva-García D, Miranda-Vega AL, Aldana-Vergara R, Aguilar-Rodea P, López-Marceliano B, Reyes-López A, Alcántar-Curiel MD. Gut colonization and subsequent infection of neonates caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1322874. [PMID: 38314094 PMCID: PMC10834783 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1322874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota harbors diverse bacteria considered reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance genes. The global emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) significantly contributes to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). We investigated the presence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-PEco) and ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-PKpn) in neonatal patients' guts. Furthermore, we identified the factors contributing to the transition towards ESBL-PEco and ESBL-PKpn-associated healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). The study was conducted from August 2019 to February 2020, in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Rectal samples were obtained upon admission, on a weekly basis for a month, and then biweekly until discharge from the neonatology ward. Clinical data, culture results, and infection information were gathered. We conducted antimicrobial tests, multiplex PCR assay, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile and genetic relationships. A comparison between the group's controls and cases was performed using the Wilcoxon and Student t-tests. Of the 61 patients enrolled, 47 were included, and 203 rectal samples were collected, identifying 242 isolates. In 41/47 (87%) patients, colonization was due to ESBL-PEco or ESBL-PKpn. And nine of them developed HAIs (22%, 9/41). ESBL-PEco resistance to cephalosporins ranged from 25.4% to 100%, while ESBL-PKpn resistance varied from 3% to 99%, and both bacteria were susceptible to carbapenems, tigecillin, and colistin. The prevalent bla CTX-M-group-1 gene accounted for 77.2% in ESBL-PEco and 82.2% in ESBL-PKpn, followed by bla TEM 50% and bla OXA-1 43.8% in ESBL-PEco and bla TEM 80.2% and bla SHV 76.2% in ESBL-PKpn. Analysis of clonality revealed identical colonizing and infection isolates in only seven patients. Significant risk factors included hospital stay duration, duration of antibiotic treatment, and invasive device usage. Our findings suggest high ESBL-PEco and ESBL-PKpn rates of colonization often lead to infection in neonates. Attention should be paid to patients with ESBL-PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Jiménez-Rojas
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Dina Villanueva-García
- Departamento de Neonatología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana Luisa Miranda-Vega
- Departamento de Neonatología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rubén Aldana-Vergara
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Pamela Aguilar-Rodea
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Beatriz López-Marceliano
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Reyes-López
- Centro de Estudios Económicos y Sociales en Salud, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María Dolores Alcántar-Curiel
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Microbiología e Inmunología Clínica. Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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3
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Silva BA, do Amarante VS, Xavier RGC, Colombo SA, da Silva TF, Brenig B, Aburjaile FF, de Carvalho Azevedo VA, Silva ROS. Characterization of ESBL/AmpC-producing extraintestinal Escherichia coli (ExPEC) in dogs treated at a veterinary hospital in Brazil. Res Vet Sci 2024; 166:105106. [PMID: 38086217 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
The clinical aspects and lineages involved in Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) infections in dogs remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial resistance and molecular structures of ExPECs isolated from infected dogs in Brazil. Samples were obtained from dogs (n = 42) with suspected extraintestinal bacterial infections. Phylogroup B2 was predominant (65.1%). No association was observed between the site of infection, phylogroups, or virulence factors. Almost half of the isolates (44.2%) were MDR, and 20.9% were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive. E. coli isolates that were resistant to fluoroquinolones (27.9%) were more likely to be MDR. The CTX-M-15 enzyme was predominant among the ESBL-producing strains, and seven sequence types were identified, including the high-risk clones ST44 and ST131. Single SNPs analysis confirmed the presence of two clonal transmissions. The present study showed a high frequency of ExPECs from phylogroup B2 infecting various sites and a high frequency of ESBL-producing strains that included STs frequently associated with human infection. This study also confirmed the nosocomial transmission of ESBL-producing E. coli, highlighting the need for further studies on the prevention and diagnosis of nosocomial infections in veterinary settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendhal Almeida Silva
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor Santos do Amarante
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Gariglio Clark Xavier
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Salene Angelini Colombo
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Tales Fernando da Silva
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Bertram Brenig
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Flavia Figueira Aburjaile
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Otávio Silveira Silva
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil.
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Morina JC, Franklin RB. Drivers of Antibiotic Resistance Gene Abundance in an Urban River. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1270. [PMID: 37627690 PMCID: PMC10451346 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we sought to profile the abundances and drivers of antibiotic resistance genes in an urban river impacted by combined sewage overflow (CSO) events. Water samples were collected weekly during the summer for two years; then, quantitative PCR was applied to determine the abundance of resistance genes associated with tetracycline, quinolones, and β-lactam antibiotics. In addition to sampling a CSO-impacted site near the city center, we also sampled a less urban site ~12 km upstream with no proximal sewage inputs. The tetracycline genes tetO and tetW were rarely found upstream, but were common at the CSO-impacted site, suggesting that the primary source was untreated sewage. In contrast, ampC was detected in all samples indicating a more consistent and diffuse source. The two other genes, qnrA and blaTEM, were present in only 40-50% of samples and showed more nuanced spatiotemporal patterns consistent with upstream agricultural inputs. The results of this study highlight the complex sources of ARGs in urban riverine ecosystems, and that interdisciplinary collaborations across diverse groups of stakeholders are necessary to combat the emerging threat of antibiotic resistance through anthropogenic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Morina
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Rima B Franklin
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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Ndlovu T, Kgosietsile L, Motshwarakgole P, Ndlovu SI. Evaluation of Potential Factors Influencing the Dissemination of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Alternative Treatment Strategies. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:381. [PMID: 37624319 PMCID: PMC10459473 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8080381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing reports of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae have emerged as a public health concern, raising questions about the potential routes for the evolution and dissemination of the pathogenic K. pneumoniae into environmental reservoirs. Potential drivers of the increased incidence of antimicrobial-resistant environmental K. pneumoniae include the eminent global climatic variations as a direct or indirect effect of human activities. The ability of microorganisms to adapt and grow at an exponential rate facilitates the distribution of environmental strains with acquired resistant mutations into water systems, vegetation, and soil which are major intersection points with animals and humans. The bacterial pathogen, K. pneumoniae, is one of the critical-priority pathogens listed by the World Health Organization, mostly associated with hospital-acquired infections. However, the increasing prevalence of pathogenic environmental strains with similar characteristics to clinical-antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates is concerning. Considering the eminent impact of global climatic variations in the spread and dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria, in this review, we closely assess factors influencing the dissemination of this pathogen resulting in increased interaction with the environment, human beings, and animals. We also look at the recent developments in rapid detection techniques as part of the response measures to improve surveillance and preparedness for potential outbreaks. Furthermore, we discuss alternative treatment strategies that include secondary metabolites such as biosurfactants and plant extracts with high antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thando Ndlovu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB, Gaborone 0022, Botswana; (L.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Lebang Kgosietsile
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB, Gaborone 0022, Botswana; (L.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Pako Motshwarakgole
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB, Gaborone 0022, Botswana; (L.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Sizwe I. Ndlovu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
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Fernández M, Garcias B, Duran I, Molina-López RA, Darwich L. Current Situation of Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in Pet Rabbits in Spain. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050352. [PMID: 37235435 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pet rabbits is very scarce. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the current state of AMR in rabbits attended to in veterinary clinics distributed in Spain. Records of 3596 microbiological results of clinical cases submitted from 2010 to 2021 were analyzed. Staphylococcus spp. (15.8%), Pseudomonas spp. (12.7%), Pasteurella spp. (10%), Bordetella spp. (9.6%) and Streptococcus spp. (6.8%) were the most frequently diagnosed agents. Enterobacteriaceae, principally Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae, accounted for about 18% of the cases and showed the highest proportion of multi-drug resistance (MDR) isolates, with 48%, 57.5% and 36% of MDR, respectively. Regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility testing for a number of antimicrobial categories/families, the largest proportion of isolates showing resistance to a median of five antimicrobial categories was observed in P. aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Burkolderia spp. In contrast, infections caused by Staphylococcus, Streptococcus spp. and Pasteurella multocida were highly sensitive to conventional antimicrobials authorized for veterinary use (categories D and C). The emergence of AMR major nosocomial opportunistic pathogens such as P. aeruginosa, S. maltophilia and K. pneumoniae in pet rabbits can represent a serious public health challenge. Consequently, collaboration between veterinarians and human health professionals is crucial in the fight against antimicrobial resistance, to optimize, rationalize and prudently use antimicrobial therapies in domestic animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Fernández
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Biel Garcias
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Inma Duran
- Departamento Veterinaria de Laboratorio Echevarne, S.A., 08037 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael A Molina-López
- Catalan Wildlife Service, Centre de Fauna Salvatge de Torreferrussa, 08130 Santa Perpètua de Mogoda, Spain
| | - Laila Darwich
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Pimenta J, Pinto AR, Saavedra MJ, Cotovio M. Equine Gram-Negative Oral Microbiota: An Antimicrobial Resistances Watcher? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040792. [PMID: 37107153 PMCID: PMC10135200 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Horses are considered as reservoirs of multidrug resistant bacteria that can be spread through the environment and possibly to humans. The aim of this study was to characterize the oral Gram-negative microbiota of healthy horses and evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility profile in a One Health approach. For this purpose, samples were collected from the gingival margin of healthy horses, free of antimicrobial therapy, cultured in selective mediums, identified, and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Fifty-five Gram-negative isolates were identified, with 89.5% being zoonotic and 62% affecting humans, which were also found commonly in the environment. Forty-eight isolates (96%) were MDR. The phenotypic resistance presented as higher to macrolides (81.8%), β-lactams (55.4%), and quinolones (50%), and lower to sulfonamides (27.3%), tetracyclines, and amphenicols (both with 30.9%). In total, 51.5% of the isolates presented resistance to carbapenems. In addition to being the first report on the commensal oral microbiota of horses and respective susceptibility profile, this study highlights the horse as a valuable sentinel that can control the evolution and transmission of multidrug-resistant bacteria between the "One Health triad" since it is in contact with humans, other animals, and the environment, in different geographic locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pimenta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Antimicrobials, Biocides & Biofilms Unit (A2BUnit), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Research Center and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Pinto
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Antimicrobials, Biocides & Biofilms Unit (A2BUnit), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences and Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria José Saavedra
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Antimicrobials, Biocides & Biofilms Unit (A2BUnit), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Research Center and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences and Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mário Cotovio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Antimicrobials, Biocides & Biofilms Unit (A2BUnit), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Research Center and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Toombs-Ruane LJ, Marshall JC, Benschop J, Drinković D, Midwinter AC, Biggs PJ, Grange Z, Baker MG, Douwes J, Roberts MG, French NP, Burgess SA. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales associated with urinary tract infections in the New Zealand community: a case-control study. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 128:325-334. [PMID: 36529370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether having a pet in the home is a risk factor for community-acquired urinary tract infections associated with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- or AmpC β-lactamase (ACBL)- producing Enterobacterales. METHODS An unmatched case-control study was conducted between August 2015 and September 2017. Cases (n = 141) were people with community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by ESBL- or ACBL-producing Enterobacterales. Controls (n = 525) were recruited from the community. A telephone questionnaire on pet ownership and other factors was administered, and associations were assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS Pet ownership was not associated with ESBL- or ACBL-producing Enterobacterales-related human UTIs. A positive association was observed for recent antimicrobial treatment, travel to Asia in the previous year, and a doctor's visit in the last 6 months. Among isolates with an ESBL-/ACBL-producing phenotype, 126/134 (94%) were Escherichia coli, with sequence type 131 being the most common (47/126). CONCLUSIONS Companion animals in the home were not found to be associated with ESBL- or ACBL-producing Enterobacterales-related community-acquired UTIs in New Zealand. Risk factors included overseas travel, recent antibiotic use, and doctor visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah J Toombs-Ruane
- (m)EpiLab, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan C Marshall
- (m)EpiLab, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jackie Benschop
- (m)EpiLab, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Dragana Drinković
- Microbiology Department, North Shore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anne C Midwinter
- (m)EpiLab, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Patrick J Biggs
- (m)EpiLab, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Zoë Grange
- (m)EpiLab, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Michael G Baker
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jeroen Douwes
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mick G Roberts
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nigel P French
- (m)EpiLab, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sara A Burgess
- (m)EpiLab, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Carriage of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli: Prevalence and Factors Associated with Fecal Colonization of Dogs from a Pet Clinic in Lower Saxony, Germany. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040584. [PMID: 36830371 PMCID: PMC9951715 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli are an emerging problem in veterinary and human medicine. Our study concentrated on the estimation of the prevalence and factors associated with the carriage of ESBL-producing E. coli in dogs who visited a veterinary clinic in northern Germany in 2017. For this reason, 1000 patients (healthy and sick dogs) were tested, resulting in 1000 samples originating from rectal swabs. Additional data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire that was completed by the dog owner. Factors associated with ESBL carriage were considered for further modeling if p < 0.05 using a two-sided Fisher test. Using a backward elimination procedure, the variables for the final multivariable logistic regression model were identified. In total, 8.9% of the dogs tested were positive for carriage of ESBL-producing E. coli. Seven factors were associated with the colonization of dogs with ESBL-E. coli within the multivariable model, namely husbandry system (p = 0.0019, OR = 3.00; 95% CI: 1.50-6.00), contact with puppies (p = 0.0044, OR = 2.43; 95% CI: 1.32-4.46), feeding of raw meat (p = 0.011, OR = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.21-4.31), food residues (p = 0.0151, OR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.18-4.53) and food supplements (p = 0.0487, OR = 0.426; 95% CI: 0.18-0.96), and antibiotic treatments of dogs (p = 0.0005, OR = 3.030; 95% CI: 1.62-5.68) or owners (p = 0.041, OR = 2.74; 95% CI: 1.04-7.19) prior to the study. These factors refer to the animals themselves as well as to the owners and their habits or medical treatments. Although the causality and direction of transmission from owners to their dogs cannot be proven, the factor of antibiotic treatment of the owner is clearly associated with the dog's status.
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Ortiz-Díez G, Mengíbar RL, Turrientes MC, Artigao MRB, Gallifa RL, Tello AM, Pérez CF, Santiago TA. Prevalence, incidence and risk factors for acquisition and colonization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from dogs attended at a veterinary hospital in Spain. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 92:101922. [PMID: 36509030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The last 10 years have seen a progressive increase in antibiotic resistance rates in bacteria isolated from companion animals. Exposure of individuals to resistant bacteria from companion animals, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL) and carbapenemase- (CPE) producing Enterobacteriaceae, can be propitiated. Few studies evaluate the incidence and risk factors associated with colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria in dogs. This work aims to estimate the prevalence, incidence and risk factors associated with colonization of ESBL-E and CPE-E in 44 canine patients hospitalized in a veterinary hospital. The antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae strains was analyzed and the molecular detection of resistant genes was performed. A prevalence of 25.0% and an incidence of ESBL-E of 45.5% were observed in dogs colonized by Enterobacteriaceae at hospital admission and release, respectively. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter koseri and Morganella morganii were identified as ESBL-producing bacterial species. Resistance genes were detected for ESBL-producing strains. No CPE isolates were obtained on the CPE-selective medium. The administration of corticosteroids prior to hospitalization and the presence of concomitant diseases were associated with colonization by these bacteria in dogs. Considering that one-quarter of the patients evaluated were colonized by ESBL-E, companion animals should be considered as potential transmission vehicles and ESBL-E reservoirs for humans. Special care should be taken in animals attended at veterinary hospitals, as the length of stay in the hospital could increase the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ortiz-Díez
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ruth Luque Mengíbar
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María-Carmen Turrientes
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal -IRYCIS-, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública -CIBERESP-, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Raúl López Gallifa
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Cristina Fernández Pérez
- Fundación Instituto para la Mejora de la Asistencia Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
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11
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Multidrug-resistant extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli from farm produce and agricultural environments in Edo State, Nigeria. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282835. [PMID: 36897838 PMCID: PMC10004523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health concern, especially the extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL) Escherichia coli bacteria are emerging as a global human health hazard. This study characterized extended-spectrum β-lactamase Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) isolates from farm sources and open markets in Edo State, Nigeria. A total of 254 samples were obtained in Edo State and included representatives from agricultural farms (soil, manure, irrigation water) and vegetables from open markets, which included ready-to-eat (RTE) salads and vegetables which could potentially be consumed uncooked. Samples were culturally tested for the ESBL phenotype using ESBL selective media, and isolates were further identified and characterized via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for β-lactamase and other antibiotic resistance determinants. ESBL E. coli strains isolated from agricultural farms included 68% (17/25) from the soil, 84% (21/25) from manure and 28% (7/25) from irrigation water and 24.4% (19/78) from vegetables. ESBL E. coli were also isolated from RTE salads at 20% (12/60) and vegetables obtained from vendors and open markets at 36.6% (15/41). A total of 64 E. coli isolates were identified using PCR. Upon further characterization, 85.9% (55/64) of the isolates were resistant to ≥ 3 and ≤ 7 antimicrobial classes, which allows for characterizing these as being multidrug-resistant. The MDR isolates from this study harboured ≥1 and ≤5 AMR determinants. The MDR isolates also harboured ≥1 and ≤3 beta-lactamase genes. Findings from this study showed that fresh vegetables and salads could be contaminated with ESBL-E. coli, particularly fresh produce from farms that use untreated water for irrigation. Appropriate measures, including improving irrigation water quality and agricultural practices, need to be implemented, and global regulatory guiding principles are crucial to ensure public health and consumer safety.
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Li C, Chen X, Ju Z, Li C, Xu Y, Ding J, Wang Y, Ma P, Gu K, Lei C, Tang Y, Wang H. Comparative Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationships and Virulence Factor Characteristics between Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates Derived from Clinical Sites and Chicken Farms. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0255722. [PMID: 36374015 PMCID: PMC9769871 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02557-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria is the most urgent global threat to public health, with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) being one of the most documented examples. Nonetheless, the ESBL-E. coli transmission relationship among clinical sites and chicken farms remains unclear. Here, 408 ESBL-E. coli strains were isolated from hospitals and chicken farms in Sichuan Province and Yunnan Province in 2021. We detected blaCTX-M genes in 337 (82.62%) ESBL-E. coli strains. Although the isolation rate, prevalent sequence type (ST) subtypes, and blaCTX-M gene subtypes of ESBL-E. coli varied based on regions and sources, a few strains of CTX-ESBL-E. coli derived from clinical sites and chicken farms in Sichuan Province displayed high genetic similarity. This indicates a risk of ESBL-E. coli transmission from chickens to humans. Moreover, we found that the high-risk clonal strains ST131 and ST1193 primarily carried blaCTX-M-27. This indicates that drug-resistant E. coli from animal and human sources should be monitored. As well, the overuse of β-lactam antibiotics should be avoided in poultry farms to ensure public health and build an effective regulatory mechanism of "farm to fork" under a One Health perspective. IMPORTANCE Bacterial drug resistance has become one of the most significant threats to human health worldwide, especially for extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli (ESBL-E. coli). Timely and accurate epidemiological surveys can provide scientific guidance for the adoption of treatments in different regions and also reduce the formation of drug-resistant bacteria. Our study showed that the subtypes of ESBL-E. coli strains prevalent in different provinces are somewhat different, so it is necessary to individualize treatment regimens in different regions, and it is especially important to limit and reduce antibiotic use in poultry farming since chicken-derived ESBL-E. coli serves as an important reservoir of drug resistance genes and has the potential to spread to humans, thus posing a threat to human health. The use of antibiotics in poultry farming should be particularly limited and reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zijing Ju
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cui Li
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiawei Ding
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated with Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Ma
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kui Gu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changwei Lei
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yizhi Tang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongning Wang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Integrated surveillance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella and Escherichia coli from humans and animal species raised for human consumption in Canada from 2012 to 2017. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 151:e14. [PMID: 36698196 PMCID: PMC9990382 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268822001509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to beta-lactam antimicrobials caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms is a global health concern. The objectives of this study were to (1) summarise the prevalence of potential ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) and Salmonella spp. (ESBL-SA) isolates from agrifood and human sources in Canada from 2012 to 2017, and (2) describe the distribution of ESBL genotypes among these isolates. All data were obtained from the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS). CIPARS analysed samples for the presence of ESBLs through phenotypic classification and identified beta-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX, blaOXA, blaCMY-2) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and whole genome sequencing (WGS). The prevalence of PCR-confirmed ESBL-EC in agrifood samples ranged from 0.5% to 3% across the surveillance years, and was detected most frequently in samples from broiler chicken farms. The overall prevalence of PCR-confirmed ESBL-SA varied between 1% and 4% between 2012 and 2017, and was most frequently detected in clinical isolates from domestic cattle. The TEM-CMY2 gene combination was the most frequently detected genotype for both ESBL-EC and ESBL-SA. The data suggest that the prevalence of ESBL-EC and ESBL-SA in Canada was low (i.e. <5%), but ongoing surveillance is needed to detect emerging or changing trends.
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Rincón-Real AA, Suárez-Alfonso MC. Carbapenem resistance in critically important human pathogens isolated from companion animals: a systematic literature review. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2022; 13:407-423. [PMID: 36617547 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the presence and geographical distribution of Gram-negativebacteria considered critical on the priority list of antibiotic-resistant pathogens publishedby the World Health Organization, including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae,carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp., and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.A systematic review of original studies published in 5 databases between 2010 and 2021 wasconducted, including genotypically confirmed carbapenem-resistant isolates obtained fromcanines, felines, and their settings. Fifty-one articles met the search criteria. Carbapenemresistant isolates were found in domestic canines and felines, pet food, and on veterinarymedical and household surfaces. The review found that the so-called "big five"-that is, the5 major carbapenemases identified worldwide in Enterobacterales (New Delhi metallo-βlactamase, active-on-imipenem, Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase, Klebsiellapneumoniae carbapenemase, and oxacillin [OXA]-48-like)-and the 3 most importantcarbapenemases from Acinetobacter spp. (OXA-23-like, OXA-40-like, and OXA-58-like) hadbeen detected in 8 species in the Enterobacteriaceae family and 5 species of glucose nonfermenting bacilli on 5 continents. Two publications used molecular analysis to confirmcarbapenem-resistant bacteria transmission between owners and dogs. Isolating criticallyimportant human carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria from domestic canines andfelines highlights the importance of including these animal species in surveillance programsand antimicrobial resistance containment plans as part of the One Health approach.
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Carelli M, Griggio F, Mingoia M, Garofalo C, Milanović V, Pozzato N, Leoni F, Veschetti L, Malerba G, Sandri A, Patuzzo C, Simoni S, Lleo MM, Vignaroli C. Detecting Carbapenemases in Animal and Food Samples by Droplet Digital PCR. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121696. [PMID: 36551353 PMCID: PMC9774140 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of carbapenemase-producing bacteria (CPB) in animal hosts and along the food chain may result in the development of reservoirs for human infections. Several CPB strains isolated from animals have been reported, suggesting that transmission and dissemination of the corresponding genes between humans and animals may occur. Animal and food samples have complex backgrounds that hinder the detection of CPB present in low concentrations by standard detection procedures. METHODS We evaluated the possibility of detecting blaKPC, blaVIM, and blaOXA-48-like carbapenemases in 286 animal and food samples (faeces from farm and companion animals, raw meat, bivalve molluscs) by culture-based and standard molecular methods and by ddPCR. RESULTS The proposed ddPCR managed to detect the target genes, also in samples resulting negative to standard methods. While the presence of blaKPC and blaVIM was detected in few samples (~3%), one third of the samples (n = 94/283) carried different variants of blaOXA-48-like genes. CONCLUSION A specific and sensitive method such as ddPCR could be suitable to evaluate the current veterinarian and environmental situation and to assess the dynamic transmission and persistence of CPB between animals and humans and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carelli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Griggio
- Centro Piattaforme Tecnologiche, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Marina Mingoia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristiana Garofalo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Vesna Milanović
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Nicola Pozzato
- Laboratorio di Diagnostica Clinica e Sierologia di Piano, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 37060 Buttapietra, Italy
| | - Francesca Leoni
- Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento (LNR) per il Controllo delle Contaminazioni Batteriche dei Molluschi Bivalvi, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Veschetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Malerba
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Angela Sandri
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Patuzzo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Serena Simoni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria M. Lleo
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Carla Vignaroli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
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Molecular Characterizations and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Extended-Spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) Producing Proteus spp. Clinical Isolates in Babol, Northern Iran. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.52547/jommid.10.3.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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OXA-48-Like β-Lactamases: Global Epidemiology, Treatment Options, and Development Pipeline. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0021622. [PMID: 35856662 PMCID: PMC9380527 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00216-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern medicine is threatened by the rising tide of antimicrobial resistance, especially among Gram-negative bacteria, where resistance to β-lactams is most often mediated by β-lactamases. The penicillin and cephalosporin ascendancies were, in their turn, ended by the proliferation of TEM penicillinases and CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamases. These class A β-lactamases have long been considered the most important. For carbapenems, however, the threat is increasingly from the insidious rise of a class D carbapenemase, OXA-48, and its close relatives. Over the past 20 years, OXA-48 and "OXA-48-like" enzymes have proliferated to become the most prevalent enterobacterial carbapenemases across much of Europe, Northern Africa, and the Middle East. OXA-48-like enzymes are notoriously difficult to detect because they often cause only low-level in vitro resistance to carbapenems, meaning that the true burden is likely underestimated. Despite this, they are associated with carbapenem treatment failures. A highly conserved incompatibility complex IncL plasmid scaffold often carries blaOXA-48 and may carry other antimicrobial resistance genes, leaving limited treatment options. High conjugation efficiency means that this plasmid is sometimes carried by multiple Enterobacterales in a single patient. Producers evade most β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, though promising agents have recently been licensed, notably ceftazidime-avibactam and cefiderocol. The molecular machinery enabling global spread, current treatment options, and the development pipeline of potential new therapies for Enterobacterales that produce OXA-48-like β-lactamases form the focus of this review.
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Muñoz-Ibarra E, Molina-López RA, Durán I, Garcias B, Martín M, Darwich L. Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria Isolated from Exotic Pets: The Situation in the Iberian Peninsula. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151912. [PMID: 35953901 PMCID: PMC9367532 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Antimicrobial resistance in exotic pets has not been widely studied. The close contact of this type of animal with the human population increases the risk of untreatable bacterial infections, which represent a veterinary and human public health challenge. We analyze the database of microbiological diagnoses and the bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobials in exotic pets from the Iberian Peninsula. We found that the most prevalent bacteria in birds and mammals were Staphylococcus spp., while in reptiles, they were the Pseudomonas spp. In addition, Pseudomonas showed the highest levels of resistance among the three animal groups, and on the other hand, the multidrug resistance level was significant in Enterobacterales. Most of the bacteria we found have zoonotic importance. The prevalent bacteria are resistant to antimicrobials that have been described as critical for human use, implying that the threat of antimicrobial resistance extends not only to domestic and companion animals but also to humans due to the potential transmission of resistant genes. Once seen from the lens of the One-Health paradigm, these findings are concerning, as they highlight the risk of spreading antibiotic-resistant genes between different individuals and their environments. In order to prevent antibiotic resistance, we encourage the development of joint work between animal and human health specialists. Abstract Literature related to antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria in exotic pets is minimal, being essential to report objective data on this topic, which represents a therapeutic challenge for veterinary medicine and public health. Between 2016 and 2020, laboratory records of 3156 exotic pet specimens’ microbiological diagnoses and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) results were examined. The samples were classified into three animal classes: birds (n = 412), mammalia (n = 2399), and reptilian (n = 345). The most prevalent bacteria in birds and mammals were Staphylococcus spp. (15% and 16%), while in reptiles they were Pseudomonas spp. (23%). Pseudomonas was the genus with the highest levels of AMR in all animal groups, followed by Enterococcus spp. By contrast, Gram-positive cocci and Pasteurella spp. were the most sensitive bacteria. Moreover, in reptiles, Stenotrophomonas spp., Morganella spp., and Acinetobacter spp. presented high levels of AMR. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria were isolates from reptiles (21%), birds (17%), and mammals (15%). The Enterobacterales had the highest MDR levels: S. marcescens (94.4%), C. freundii (50%), M. morganii (47.4%), K. pneumoniae (46.6%), E. cloacae (44%), and E. coli (38.3%). The prevalence of MDR P. aeruginosa strains was 8%, detecting one isolate with an XDR profile. Regarding antimicrobial use, many antibiotics described as critically important for human use had significant AMR prevalence in bacteria isolated from exotic pets. Under the One-Health approach, these results are alarming and of public health concern since potential transmission of AMR bacteria and genes can occur from exotic pets to their owners in both senses. For this reason, the collaboration between veterinarians and public health professionals is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Muñoz-Ibarra
- Department Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (E.M.-I.); (B.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Rafael A. Molina-López
- Catalan Wildlife Service, Centre de Fauna Salvatge de Torreferrussa, 08130 Santa Perpètua de Mogoda, Spain;
| | - Inma Durán
- Departamento de Veterinaria de Laboratorio Echevarne, 08037 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Biel Garcias
- Department Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (E.M.-I.); (B.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Marga Martín
- Department Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (E.M.-I.); (B.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Laila Darwich
- Department Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (E.M.-I.); (B.G.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Perestrelo S, Correia Carreira G, Valentin L, Fischer J, Pfeifer Y, Werner G, Schmiedel J, Falgenhauer L, Imirzalioglu C, Chakraborty T, Käsbohrer A. Comparison of approaches for source attribution of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in Germany. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271317. [PMID: 35839265 PMCID: PMC9286285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia (E.) coli have been widely described as the cause of treatment failures in humans around the world. The origin of human infections with these microorganisms is discussed controversially and in most cases hard to identify. Since they pose a relevant risk to human health, it becomes crucial to understand their sources and the transmission pathways. In this study, we analyzed data from different studies in Germany and grouped ESBL-producing E. coli from different sources and human cases into subtypes based on their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics (ESBL-genotype, E. coli phylogenetic group and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance pattern). Then, a source attribution model was developed in order to attribute the human cases to the considered sources. The sources were from different animal species (cattle, pig, chicken, dog and horse) and also from patients with nosocomial infections. The human isolates were gathered from community cases which showed to be colonized with ESBL-producing E. coli. We used the attribution model first with only the animal sources (Approach A) and then additionally with the nosocomial infections (Approach B). We observed that all sources contributed to the human cases, nevertheless, isolates from nosocomial infections were more related to those from human cases than any of the other sources. We identified subtypes that were only detected in the considered animal species and others that were observed only in the human population. Some subtypes from the human cases could not be allocated to any of the sources from this study and were attributed to an unknown source. Our study emphasizes the importance of human-to-human transmission of ESBL-producing E. coli and the different role that pets, livestock and healthcare facilities may play in the transmission of these resistant bacteria. The developed source attribution model can be further used to monitor future trends. A One Health approach is necessary to develop source attribution models further to integrate also wildlife, environmental as well as food sources in addition to human and animal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Perestrelo
- Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Lars Valentin
- Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennie Fischer
- Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne Pfeifer
- Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Guido Werner
- Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Judith Schmiedel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Linda Falgenhauer
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Campus Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Hessisches universitäres Kompetenzzentrum Krankenhaushygiene (HuKKH), Giessen, Germany
| | - Can Imirzalioglu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Campus Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Campus Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Annemarie Käsbohrer
- Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Menard J, Goggs R, Mitchell P, Yang Y, Robbins S, Franklin-Guild RJ, Thachil AJ, Altier C, Anderson R, Putzel GG, McQueary H, Goodman LB. Effect of antimicrobial administration on fecal microbiota of critically ill dogs: dynamics of antimicrobial resistance over time. Anim Microbiome 2022; 4:36. [PMID: 35659110 PMCID: PMC9167539 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-022-00178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multidrug resistance in companion animals poses significant risks to animal and human health. Prolonged antimicrobial drug (AMD) treatment in animals is a potential source of selection pressure for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) including in the gastrointestinal microbiota. We performed a prospective study of dogs treated for septic peritonitis, pyometra, or bacterial pneumonia and collected repeated fecal samples over 60 days. Bacterial cultures and direct molecular analyses of fecal samples were performed including targeted resistance gene profiling. Results Resistant Escherichia coli increased after 1 week of treatment (D1:21.4% vs. D7:67.9% P < 0.001) and returned to baseline proportions by D60 (D7:67.9% vs D60:42.9%, P = 0.04). Dogs with septic peritonitis were hospitalized significantly longer than those with pneumonia or pyometra. Based on genetic analysis, Simpson’s diversity index significantly decreased after 1 week of treatment (D1 to D7, P = 0.008), followed by a gradual increase to day 60 (D1 and D60, P = 0.4). Detection of CTX-M was associated with phenotypic resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in E. coli (OR 12.1, 3.3–68.0, P < 0.001). Lincosamide and macrolide-resistance genes were more frequently recovered on days 14 and 28 compared to day 1 (P = 0.002 and P = 0.004 respectively). Conclusion AMR was associated with prescribed drugs but also developed against AMDs not administered during the study. Companion animals may be reservoirs of zoonotic multidrug resistant pathogens, suggesting that veterinary AMD stewardship and surveillance efforts should be prioritized. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42523-022-00178-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Menard
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Patrick Mitchell
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yufan Yang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Robbins
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca J Franklin-Guild
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Anil J Thachil
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Craig Altier
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Renee Anderson
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gregory G Putzel
- Microbiome Core Lab and Jill Roberts IBD Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Holly McQueary
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Laura B Goodman
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Companion Animals—An Overlooked and Misdiagnosed Reservoir of Carbapenem Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040533. [PMID: 35453284 PMCID: PMC9032395 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissemination of antimicrobial-resistance is a major global threat affecting both human and animal health. Carbapenems are human use β-lactams of last resort; thus. the dissemination of carbapenemase-producing (CP) bacteria creates severe limitations for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria in hospitalized patients. Even though carbapenems are not routinely used in veterinary medicine, reports of infection or colonization by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in companion animals are being reported. NDM-5 and OXA-48-like carbapenemases are among the most frequently reported in companion animals. Like in humans, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the most represented CP Enterobacterales found in companion animals, alongside with Acinetobacter baumannii. Considering that the detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales presents several difficulties, misdiagnosis of CP bacteria in companion animals may lead to important animal and public-health consequences. It is of the upmost importance to ensure an adequate monitoring and detection of CP bacteria in veterinary microbiology in order to safeguard animal health and minimise its dissemination to humans and the environment. This review encompasses an overview of the carbapenemase detection methods currently available, aiming to guide veterinary microbiologists on the best practices to improve its detection for clinical or research purposes.
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22
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Ghenea AE, Zlatian OM, Cristea OM, Ungureanu A, Mititelu RR, Balasoiu AT, Vasile CM, Salan AI, Iliuta D, Popescu M, Udriștoiu AL, Balasoiu M. TEM,CTX-M,SHV Genes in ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Clinical Samples in a County Clinical Emergency Hospital Romania-Predominance of CTX-M-15. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040503. [PMID: 35453254 PMCID: PMC9028254 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: CTX-M betalactamases have shown a rapid spread in the recent years among Enterobacteriaceae and have become the most prevalent Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) in many parts of the world. The introduction and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant genes limits options for treatment, increases mortality and morbidity in patients, and leads to longer hospitalization and expensive costs. We aimed to identify the beta-lactamases circulating encoded by the genes blaCTX-M-15, blaSHV-1 and blaTEM-1 in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) strains. Furthermore, we established the associated resistance phenotypes among patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) from County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova, Romania. Methods: A total of 46 non-duplicated bacterial strains (14 strains of E. coli and 32 strains of K. pneumoniae), which were resistant to ceftazidime (CAZ) and cefotaxime (CTX) by Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method, were identified using the automated VITEK2 system. Detection of ESBL-encoding genes and other resistance genes was carried out by PCR. Results. E. coli strains were resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins and moderately resistant to quinolones, whereas K. pneumoniae strains were resistant to penicillins, cephalosporins, and sulfamides, and moderately resistant to quinolones and carbapenems. Most E. coli strains harbored blaCTX-M-15 gene (13/14 strains), a single strain had the blaSHV-1 gene, but 11 strains harbored blaTEM-1 gene. The mcr-1 gene was not detected. We detected tet(A) gene in six strains and tet(B) in one strain. In K. pneumoniae strains we detected blaCTX-M-15 in 23 strains, blaSHV-1 in all strains and blaTEM-1 in 14 strains. The colistin resistance gene mcr-1 was not detected. The tetracycline gene tet(A) was detected in 11 strains, but the gene tet(B) was not detected in any strains. Conclusions. The development in antibiotic resistance highlights the importance of establishing policies to reduce antibiotic use and improving the national resistance surveillance system in order to create local antibiotic therapy guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Elena Ghenea
- Department of Bacteriology-Virology-Parasitology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.E.G.); (O.M.Z.); (A.U.); (R.R.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Ovidiu Mircea Zlatian
- Department of Bacteriology-Virology-Parasitology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.E.G.); (O.M.Z.); (A.U.); (R.R.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Oana Mariana Cristea
- Department of Bacteriology-Virology-Parasitology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.E.G.); (O.M.Z.); (A.U.); (R.R.M.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (O.M.C.); (C.M.V.)
| | - Anca Ungureanu
- Department of Bacteriology-Virology-Parasitology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.E.G.); (O.M.Z.); (A.U.); (R.R.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Radu Razvan Mititelu
- Department of Bacteriology-Virology-Parasitology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.E.G.); (O.M.Z.); (A.U.); (R.R.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Andrei Theodor Balasoiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Corina Maria Vasile
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (O.M.C.); (C.M.V.)
| | - Alex-Ioan Salan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Daniel Iliuta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Popescu
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Anca-Loredana Udriștoiu
- Faculty of Automation, Computers and Electronics, University of Craiova, 200776 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Maria Balasoiu
- Department of Bacteriology-Virology-Parasitology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.E.G.); (O.M.Z.); (A.U.); (R.R.M.); (M.B.)
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Samir A, Abdel-Moein KA, Zaher HM. The Public Health Burden of Virulent Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Isolated from Diseased Horses. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2022; 22:217-224. [PMID: 35394385 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2022.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae has been associated with both nosocomial and community-acquired infections with mounting public health concern throughout the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the burden of virulent extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae among diarrheic horses or those with respiratory illness to underscore the public health implication of such strains. Materials and Methods: Rectal and nasal swabs were gathered from 100 diseased horses (50 diarrheic and 50 with respiratory illness). The collected swabs were processed for isolation of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae using a selective medium followed by phenotypic and molecular identification of the isolates. All ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae strains were investigated for six virulence genes (type 3 fimbrial adhesin [mrkD], enterobactin [entB], regulator of mucoid phenotype A [rmpA], Klebsiella ferric iron uptake [kfu], mucoviscosity-associated gene A [magA], and type 2 capsular polysaccharide [K2]). Results: Of the 100 examined animals, ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae was recovered from 13 (13%), with isolation rates in horses suffering from diarrhea and respiratory illness being 20% and 6%, respectively. Among the obtained isolates, bla TEM and bla SHV were found in all strains (100%) followed by bla CTX-M in 92.3%, while none of the isolates had bla OXA. In addition, 13 ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae strains exhibited a multidrug resistance (MDR) pattern. Regarding the occurrence of virulence genes among the isolates, mrkD (100%) and entB (100%) were the most predominant virulence genes followed by rmpA (76.9%) and kfu (46.2%). On the contrary, magA and K2 were negative in all ESBL-producing strains. Furthermore, this work provides four K. pneumoniae mrkD partial sequences that displayed high genetic relatedness with those obtained from human to clarify the public health burden of such isolates. Conclusion: The occurrence of virulent ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae among diseased horses highlights the potential role of this animal in the epidemiology of such virulent and antimicrobial-resistant strains, which may have great public health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Samir
- Department of Microbiology and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Abdel-Moein
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala M Zaher
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wareth G, Linde J, Hammer P, Pletz MW, Neubauer H, Sprague LD. WGS-Based Phenotyping and Molecular Characterization of the Resistome, Virulome and Plasmid Replicons in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Powdered Milk Produced in Germany. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030564. [PMID: 35336140 PMCID: PMC8956024 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) in German healthcare is worrying. It is not well-investigated in the veterinary world and food chains. In the current study, antibiotic susceptibility profiles of 24 K. pneumoniae strains isolated from powdered milk samples produced in Germany were investigated by a microdilution test. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was applied to identify genomic determinants for antimicrobial resistance (AMR), virulence-associated genes and plasmids replicons. All isolates were susceptible to the majority (14/18) of tested antibiotics. Resistance to colistin, fosfomycin, chloramphenicol and piperacillin was found. The ambler class A ß-lactamase, blaSHV variants were identified in all isolates, of which blaSHV-187 was most prevalent and found in 50% of isolates. Single-nucleotide-variants of oqxA and oqxB conferring resistance to phenicol/quinolone were found in all isolates, and the oqxB17 was the most prevalent found in 46% of isolates. 67% of isolates harbored fosA genes; however, only one was fosfomycin-resistant. Two isolates harbored genes conferring resistance to colistin, despite being susceptible. The majority of identified virulome genes were iron uptake siderophores. Two enterobactins (entB, fepC), six adherence-related genes belonging to E. coli common pilus (ECP) and one secretion system (ompA gene) were found in all isolates. In contrast, yersiniabactin was found in two isolates. One ST23 strain was susceptible to all tested antibiotics, and harbored determinants discriminatory for hypervirulent strains, e.g., aerobactin, salmochelin, yersiniabactin, enterobactin and regulator of mucoid phenotype A genes that are highly associated with hypervirulent K. pneumoniae. The IncF plasmid family was found in all strains, while almost half of the isolates harbored Col440I-type plasmids and nine isolates harbored various Inc-type plasmids. The presence of K. pneumoniae carrying different resistomes and major virulent specific virulomes in powdered milk samples is alarming. This could threaten public health, particularly of neonates and infants consuming dried milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Wareth
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.L.); (H.N.); (L.D.S.)
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena University, 07743 Jena, Germany;
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Jörg Linde
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.L.); (H.N.); (L.D.S.)
| | - Philipp Hammer
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, 24103 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Mathias W. Pletz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena University, 07743 Jena, Germany;
- Research Campus Infectognostics, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.L.); (H.N.); (L.D.S.)
| | - Lisa D. Sprague
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.L.); (H.N.); (L.D.S.)
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Seman A, Mihret A, Sebre S, Awoke T, Yeshitela B, Yitayew B, Aseffa A, Asrat D, Abebe T. Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Bloodstream Infection Suspected Patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:1367-1382. [PMID: 35378892 PMCID: PMC8976516 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s349566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Production of Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and Carbapenemase is the most common strategy for drug resistance in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. This study was conducted to determine the magnitude of ESBL and Carbapenemase production (CPE) among clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae causing bloodstream infections (BSI) in Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed from September 2018 to January 2019 in Ethiopia. A total of 2397 BSI suspected patients were enrolled and blood culture was performed using a BacT/Alert instrument in combination with conventional methods for identification. After antimicrobial susceptibility test, phenotypic confirmation of ESBLs was done by combined disc-diffusion. Meanwhile carbapenemase production was done by modified carbapenem inactivation method. Multiplex PCR was conducted to detect the presence of blaCTX-M,blaSHV,blaTEM, blaKPC and blaNDM genes. Results A total of 104 (4.3%) Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 2397 BSI suspected patients. Klebsiella pneumoniae (55/104, 52%) was the predominant isolate followed by E. coli, (19.2%, 20/104) and K.oxytoca (17.3%, 18/104). ESBL and carbapenemase production were observed from 70 (67.3%, 57.4 −76.2% at 95% CI) and 8 (7.7%, 3.4–14.6% at 95% CI) isolates respectively. The highest frequency of ESBL and carbapenemase production was observed in K. pneumoniae 78.2% (43/55) and 9.1% (5/55), respectively. All the 70 isolates confirmed as ESBL producers harbored at least one of the ESBL genes and the majority of them carried multiple beta-lactamase genes (84.3%), where blaCTX-M, type was the most predominant (67.3%). Similarly, the entire eight isolates positive for carbapenemase carried blaNDM but none of them carried blaKPC. Conclusion In our study, the rate of ESBL production among BSI-causing Enterobacteriaceae was alarming and most of the isolates carried multiple types of ESBL genes. A significant magnitude of CPE isolates causing BSI was recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminu Seman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Bacterial and Viral Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Aminu Seman, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Tel +251 920 747 176, Email ;
| | - Adane Mihret
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Bacterial and Viral Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Shemse Sebre
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Bacterial and Viral Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tewachew Awoke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Biruk Yeshitela
- Bacterial and Viral Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Yitayew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Bacterial and Viral Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Asrat
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tamrat Abebe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Characterisation of and risk factors for extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) in an equine hospital with a special reference to an outbreak caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307:CTX-M-1. Acta Vet Scand 2022; 64:4. [PMID: 35139865 PMCID: PMC8827190 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-022-00621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) are important causative agents for infections in humans and animals. At the Equine Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Helsinki, the first infections caused by ESBL-E were observed at the end of 2011 leading to enhanced infection surveillance. Contact patients were screened for ESBL-E by culturing infection sites and rectal screening. This study was focused on describing the epidemiology and microbiological characteristics of ESBL-E from equine patients of the EVTH during 2011–2014, and analysing putative risk factors for being positive for ESBL-E during an outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307. Results The number of ESBL-E isolations increased through 2012–2013 culminating in an outbreak of multi-drug resistant K. pneumoniae ST307:blaCTX-M-1:blaTEM:blaSHV during 04–08/2013. During 10/2011–05/2014, altogether 139 ESBL-E isolates were found from 96 horses. Of these, 26 were from infection-site specimens and 113 from rectal-screening swabs. A total of 118 ESBL-E isolates from horses were available for further study, the most numerous being K. pneumoniae (n = 44), Escherichia coli (n = 31) and Enterobacter cloacae (n = 31). Hospital environmental specimens (N = 47) yielded six isolates of ESBL-E. Two identical E. cloacae isolates originating from an operating theatre and a recovery room had identical or highly similar PFGE fingerprint profiles as five horse isolates. In the multivariable analysis, mare–foal pairs (OR 4.71, 95% CI 1.57–14.19, P = 0.006), length of hospitalisation (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.28–2.06, P < 0.001) and passing of a nasogastric tube (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.03–7.95, P = 0.044) were associated with being positive for ESBL-E during the K. pneumoniae outbreak. Conclusions The occurrence of an outbreak caused by a pathogenic ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae ST307 strain highlights the importance of epidemiological surveillance of ESBL-E in veterinary hospitals. Limiting the length of hospitalisation for equine patients may reduce the risk of spread of ESBL-E. It is also important to acknowledge the importance of nasogastric tubing as a potential source of acquiring ESBL-E. As ESBL-E were also found in stomach drench pumps used with nasogastric tubes, veterinary practices should pay close attention to appropriate equipment cleaning procedures and disinfection practices. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13028-022-00621-6.
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Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacterial Isolates from Donkey Uterine Infections, 2018–2021. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9020067. [PMID: 35202320 PMCID: PMC8875120 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endometritis is a common reproductive disease in equine animals. No investigation about the bacterial characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of donkeys with endometritis has thus far been reported. Objectives: To determine the common uterine bacterial isolates from donkeys with endometritis and to evaluate their susceptibility to antimicrobials used for the treatment thereof. Study design: Retrospective case-series. Methods: Medical records at an equine clinical diagnostic center were retrospectively reviewed to identify submissions from donkeys with bacterial endometritis between 2018 and 2021. Data were extracted and analyzed descriptively in terms of the frequency of bacterial species, susceptibility to antimicrobials and multidrug resistance. Results: A total of 73 isolates were identified from 30 donkeys, of which 92% of the isolates were Gram-negative bacteria. Mixed cultures were found in 90% of the donkeys. The most common isolates were Escherichiacoli (31.5%) and Acinetobacter spp. (21.9%). Susceptibility testing revealed that amikacin (98%), cefoxitin (95%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (78%) and gentamicin (74%) were the most efficient agents for donkeys. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was found in 20% of all bacterial isolates, of which all Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates showed a multidrug resistance profile. Main limitations: The sample size was relatively small, which means a bias of selection may exist. The antimicrobial resistance and MDR of agents without break points were not calculated, which means the relative results may be underestimated in our study. Conclusions: Severe infections were detected in donkeys with endometritis. Antimicrobial resistance and MDR bacteria are not rare in our study. This study demonstrated that bacteria identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are highly recommended before the treatment of uterine infections in donkeys. Further studies, including the epidemiological investigation of bacterial endometritis of donkeys, should be conducted to provide a better understanding of this critical problem.
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Silva CP, de Oliveira CJB, Leite EL, Cibulski SP, Fernandes M, Vasconcelos PC, Dias LM, da Silva NMV, Garino F, Fernandes ACDC. CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST273 associated with nasal infection in a domestic cat. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 28:203-205. [PMID: 35026464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic context of expanded spectrum beta-lactam resistance in a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain causing hard-to-treat nasal infection in a domestic cat. METHODS A K. pneumoniae isolate was recovered from a 4-year-old male cat hospitalized in a Veterinary Hospital in Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. After phenotypic confirmation of multidrug resistance by the disk diffusion method, the genome was sequenced in Illumina MiSeq. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and structural features related to antimicrobial resistance was determined by downstream bioinformatics analyses. RESULTS The strain was confirmed as Sequence Type (ST) 273 Klebsiella pneumoniae harbouring a variety of genes conferring antimicrobial resistance to phenicols tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, β-lactams, fosfomycin, sulphonamides and quinolones. Two plasmids were identified. The plasmid p114PB_I co-harbored a set of plasmid-borne resistance genes [blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1, qnrS1, tetD, tetR, sul2, aph(6)-Id, aph(3'') and cat2]. Notably, the multi-resistance region was characterized as a chimeric plasmid structure sharing high sequence homology with several plasmids from Enterobacteriaceae. The second plasmid (p114PB_II) was characterized as a plasmid present in many genomes belonging to K. pneumoniae. CONCLUSION The genetic context of the plasmid sequences harbored by a veterinary pathogenic K. pneumoniae reveals the high complexity of horizontal gene transfer mechanisms in the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes. The emergence, dissemination, and evolution of antimicrobial resistance must be investigated from a One Health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Pereira Silva
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, PB, Brazil, 58397-000
| | - Celso José Bruno de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, PB, Brazil, 58397-000; Global One Health Initiative (GOHi), Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, 43210.
| | - Elma Lima Leite
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, PB, Brazil, 58397-000
| | - Samuel Paulo Cibulski
- Center for Biotechnology (CBiotec), Federal University of Paraiba (CBiotec/UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil, 58051-900
| | - Magda Fernandes
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, PB, Brazil, 58397-000
| | - Priscylla Carvalho Vasconcelos
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, PB, Brazil, 58397-000
| | - Larissa Maranhão Dias
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, PB, Brazil, 58397-000
| | - Núbia Michelle Vieira da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, PB, Brazil, 58397-000
| | - Felício Garino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, PB, Brazil, 58397-000
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Deku JG, Duedu KO, Ativi E, Kpene GE, Feglo PK. Burden of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli at the Ho Teaching Hospital, Ghana. Ethiop J Health Sci 2022; 32:93-102. [PMID: 35250221 PMCID: PMC8864387 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v32i1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing burden of antibiotic resistance is a threat to the management of infections. Infections by Escherichia coli are routinely treated with fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents. Due to their frequent use, there has been increasing resistance to these drugs. We set out to determine the burden of fluoroquinolone resistance among clinical E. coli isolates at the Ho Teaching Hospital, Ghana. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted from July 2018 to June 2019. One hundred and thirty-five E. coli isolates were cultured from various clinical samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with discs of nalidixic acid (NAL), ciprofloxacin (CIP), norfloxacin (NOR) and levofloxacin (LEV). Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from the resistant isolates for the detection of fluoroquinolone resistant genes by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Ninety of the 135 isolates (66.7%) were resistant to at least one of the four fluoroquinolone drugs investigated. Resistance to NAL, CIP, NOR, and LEV was 51.0%, 51.1%, 38.8% and 35.7% respectively. Out of the fluoroquinolone resistant isolates, 69 carried one or more fluoroquinolone resistant genes. The predominant resistant genes were aac(6')-Ib-cr (48.9%) and qnrD (25.6%). Seven of the isolates carried both qnrS and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes. Two isolates carried 5 different fluoroquinolone resistant genes. CONCLUSION High prevalence of resistance to 4 fluoroquinolone drugs was recorded with associated resistant genes. This is a threat to current efforts to control the spread of antibiotic resistance and calls for concerted efforts to curb the spread of these resistant organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gameli Deku
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Kwabena Obeng Duedu
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Ativi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Godsway Edem Kpene
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Patrick Kwame Feglo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
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One Health Genomic Study of Human and Animal Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated at Diagnostic Laboratories on a Small Caribbean Island. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 11:antibiotics11010042. [PMID: 35052919 PMCID: PMC8772961 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae causes a variety of infections in both humans and animals. In this study, we characterised the genomes of human and animal isolates from two diagnostic laboratories on St. Kitts, a small Caribbean island inhabited by a large population of vervet monkeys. In view of the increased chances of direct or indirect contact with humans and other animal species, we used the One Health approach to assess transmission of K. pneumoniae across host species by sequencing 82 presumptive K. pneumoniae clinical isolates from humans (n = 51), vervets (n = 21), horses (n = 5), dogs (n = 4) and a cat (n = 1). Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was carried out using Illumina technology. De novo assembly was performed in CLC Genomics Workbench v.11.0. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected using NASP followed by phylogenetic analysis using IQ-TREE. Virulence and antimicrobial resistance gene contents were analysed using the Kleborate and CGE pipelines. WGS-based analysis showed that 72 isolates were K. pneumoniae sensu stricto and five K. quasipneumoniae and five K. variicola. K. pneumoniae isolates belonged to 35 sequence types (ST), three of which were occasionally shared between humans and animals: ST23, ST37 and ST307. The ST23 strains from vervets formed a separate cluster amongst publicly available sequenced ST23 strains, indicating the presence of a specific vervet sublineage. Animal strains harbored fewer resistance genes and displayed distinct virulence traits that appeared to be host-specific in vervet isolates. Our results show that K. pneumoniae infections on this Caribbean island are usually caused by host-specific lineages.
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Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing and Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales in Companion and Animal-Assisted Interventions Dogs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182412952. [PMID: 34948564 PMCID: PMC8700946 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) are being implemented in many countries for the beneficial effects they have on humans. Patients involved in AAI are often individuals at greater risk of acquiring infections, and these activities involve close contact between humans and animals, as is the case with humans living with a pet. The spread of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales is a serious problem for human health; an integrated One Health strategy is imperative to combat this threat. Companion dogs can be a reservoir of multidrug-resistant pathogens, and animal-to-human transmission could occur during AAI sessions. The aim of this review was to collect the available data on the carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in companion dogs and in an AAI context. Several papers have generally addressed the issue of microbial transmission during AAIs. Studies on the intestinal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and/or carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales have mainly been conducted in companion animals while few data are available on the carriage in dogs participating in AAI sessions. This review aims to draw attention to the antibiotic resistance problem in a One Health context and to the importance of extending infection control measures to this human-animal interface, to keep the balance of benefits/risks for AAIs shifted towards the benefits of these activities.
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ESBL/AmpC-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Fecal Colonization in Dogs after Elective Surgery. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres12040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence and load of ESBL/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae fecal carriage in healthy dogs. Fecal samples were collected from dogs submitted to surgical procedures (n = 25). Fecal samples were collected before surgery (BS) and after surgery (AS). β-lactamases were detected by PCR. Statistical analyses were performed with SAS software (v.9.4); a p value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The ESBL/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae bacteria species detected in this study were E. coli, K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae. TEM, and CTX-M-1 group genes were the most frequent β-lactamases detected. The number of dogs colonized with 3GC-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteria was significantly higher in the AS (63.6%, n = 14/22) group compared to in the BS group (20.0%, n = 5/25, p = 0.0033). The ESBL/AmpC-producing bacteria fecal load was significantly higher in the AS group compared to in the BS (p = 0.025) group. This study shows that 3GC-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and ESBLs/AmpC producers in the veterinary clinical practice are a concern and highlights the need to implement preventive measures to minimize their spread.
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Multiple and High-Risk Clones of Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant and blaNDM-5-Harbouring Uropathogenic Escherichia coli from Cats and Dogs in Thailand. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111374. [PMID: 34827312 PMCID: PMC8614778 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) and carbapenems in Escherichia coli (E. coli), increasingly identified in small animals, indicates a crisis of an antimicrobial resistance situation in veterinary medicine and public health. This study aimed to characterise the genetic features of ESC-resistant E. coli isolated from cats and dogs with urinary tract infections in Thailand. Of 72 ESC-resistant E. coli isolated from diagnostic samples (2016–2018), blaCTX-M including group 1 (CTX-M-55, -15 and -173) and group 9 (CTX-M-14, -27, -65 and -90) variants were detected in 47 isolates (65.28%) using PCR and DNA sequencing. Additional antimicrobial resistance genes, including plasmid-mediated AmpC (CIT and DHA), blaNDM-5, mcr-3, mph(A) and aac(6′)-Ib-cr, were detected in these isolates. Using a broth microdilution assay, all the strains exhibited multidrug-resistant phenotypes. The phylogroups were F (36.11%), A (20.83%), B1 (19.44%), B2 (19.44%) and D (4.17%), with several virulence genes, plasmid replicons and an integrase gene. The DNA fingerprinting using a repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-PCR presented clonal relationships within phylogroups. Multiple human-associated, high-risk ExPEC clones associated with multidrug resistance, including sequence type (ST) 38, ST131, ST224, ST167, ST354, ST410, ST617 and ST648, were identified, suggesting clonal dissemination. Dogs and cats are a potential reservoir of ESC-resistant E. coli and significant antimicrobial resistance genes.
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Verma A, Carney K, Taylor M, Amsler K, Morgan J, Gruszynski K, Erol E, Carter C, Locke S, Callipare A, Shah DH. Occurrence of potentially zoonotic and cephalosporin resistant enteric bacteria among shelter dogs in the Central and South-Central Appalachia. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:313. [PMID: 34563197 PMCID: PMC8467218 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance and presence of zoonotic enteropathogens in shelter dogs pose a public health risk to shelter workers and potential adopters alike. In this study we investigated the prevalence of zoonotic bacterial pathogens and cephalosporin resistant (CefR) enteric bacteria in the feces of apparently healthy shelter dogs in the Cumberland Gap Region (CGR) in the US states of Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia. Results Fecal samples of 59 dogs from 10 shelters in the CGR of Central and South-Central Appalachia were screened for the presence of Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella and CefR enteric bacteria. C. jejuni, C. perfringens were detected by PCR based assays. Culture and PCR were used for Salmonella detection. Of 59 dogs, fecal samples from 14 (23.7%) and 8 (13.6%) dogs tested positive for cpa and hipO genes of C. perfringens and C. jejuni, respectively. Salmonella was not detected in any of the tested samples by PCR or culture. CefR enteric bacteria were isolated on MacConkey agar supplemented with ceftiofur followed by identification using MALDI-TOF. Fecal samples from 16 dogs (27.1%) yielded a total of 18 CefR enteric bacteria. Majority of CefR isolates (14/18, 77.8%) were E. coli followed by, one isolate each of Enterococcus hirae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter pittii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CefR enteric bacteria were tested for resistance against 19- or 24-antibiotic panels using broth microdilution method. Seventeen (94.4%) CefR bacteria were resistant to more than one antimicrobial agent, and 14 (77.8%) displayed multidrug resistance (MDR). Conclusions This study shows that shelter dogs within the CGR not only carry zoonotic bacterial pathogens, but also shed multidrug resistant enteric bacteria in their feces that may pose public health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Verma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Harrogate, USA. .,Center for Infectious, Zoonotic and Vector-borne diseases, Harrogate, USA.
| | - Kimberly Carney
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Harrogate, USA.,Center for Animal and Human Health in Appalachia, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Parkway, Harrogate, TN, 37752, USA
| | | | | | - Joey Morgan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Harrogate, USA
| | - Karen Gruszynski
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Harrogate, USA.,Center for Animal and Human Health in Appalachia, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Parkway, Harrogate, TN, 37752, USA
| | - Erdal Erol
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Craig Carter
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Stephan Locke
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Devendra H Shah
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, Washington, USA.
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Characterization of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Clinical Samples in a Northern Portuguese Hospital: Predominance of CTX-M-15 and High Genetic Diversity. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091914. [PMID: 34576808 PMCID: PMC8467980 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Enterobacteriaceae are major players in the spread of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics through the action of CTX-M β-lactamases. We aimed to analyze the diversity and genetic characteristics of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from patients in a Northern Portuguese hospital. Methods: A total of 62 cefotaxime/ceftazidime-resistant E. coli (n = 38) and K. pneumoniae (n = 24) clinical isolates were studied. Identification was performed by MALDI-TOF MS. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 13 antibiotics was performed. Detection of ESBL-encoding genes and other resistance genes, phylogenetic grouping, and molecular typing (for selected isolates) was carried out by PCR/sequencing. Results: ESBL activity was detected in all 62 E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates. Most of the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates carried a blaCTX-M gene (37/38 isolates), being blaCTX-M-15 predominant (n = 32), although blaCTX-M-27 (n = 1) and blaCTX-M-1 (n = 1) were also detected. Two E. coli isolates carried the blaKPC2/3 gene. The lineages ST131-B2 and ST410-A were detected among the ESBL-producing blood E. coli isolates. Regarding the 24 ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates, 18 carried a blaCTX-M gene (blaCTX-M-15, 16 isolates; blaCTX-M-55, 2 isolates). All K. pneumoniae isolates carried blaSHV genes, including ESBL-variants (blaSHV-12 and blaSHV-27, 14 isolates) or non-ESBL-variants (blaSHV-11 and blaSHV-28, 10 isolates); ten K. pneumoniae isolates also carried the blaKPC2/3 gene and showed imipenem-resistance. ESBL-positive E. coli isolates were ascribed to the B2 phylogenetic group (82%), mostly associated with ST131 lineage and, at a lower rate, to ST410/A. Regarding K. pneumoniae, the three international lineages ST15, ST147, and ST280 were detected among selected isolates. Conclusions: Different ESBL variants of CTX-M (especially CTX-M-15) and SHV-type (specially SHV-12) were detected among CTX/CAZRE. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, in occasions associated with carbapenemase genes (blaKPC2/3 gene).
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van Hoek AHAM, Dierikx C, Bosch T, Schouls L, van Duijkeren E, Visser M. Transmission of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli between broilers and humans on broiler farms. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:543-549. [PMID: 31800052 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases are an increasing concern for public health. Studies suggest that ESBL/pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli and their plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance genes can spread from broilers to humans working or living on broiler farms. These studies used traditional typing methods, which may not have provided sufficient resolution to reliably assess the relatedness of these isolates. METHODS Eleven suspected transmission events among broilers and humans living/working on eight broiler farms were investigated using whole-genome short-read (Illumina) and long-read sequencing (PacBio). Core genome MLST (cgMLST) was performed to investigate the occurrence of strain transmission. Horizontal plasmid and gene transfer were analysed using BLAST. RESULTS Of eight suspected strain transmission events, six were confirmed. The isolate pairs had identical ESBL/AmpC genes and fewer than eight allelic differences according to the cgMLST, and five had an almost identical plasmid composition. On one of the farms, cgMLST revealed that the isolate pairs belonging to ST10 from a broiler and a household member of the farmer had 475 different alleles, but that the plasmids were identical, indicating horizontal transfer of mobile elements rather than strain transfer. Of three suspected horizontal plasmid transmission events, one was confirmed. In addition, gene transfer between plasmids was found. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirms transmission of strains as well as horizontal plasmid and gene transfer between broilers and farmers and household members on the same farm. WGS is an important tool to confirm suspected zoonotic strain and resistance gene transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela H A M van Hoek
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy Dierikx
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs Bosch
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Schouls
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Engeline van Duijkeren
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Visser
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Lhermie G, La Ragione RM, Weese JS, Olsen JE, Christensen JP, Guardabassi L. Indications for the use of highest priority critically important antimicrobials in the veterinary sector. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:1671-1680. [PMID: 32240295 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the measures taken to preserve the clinical efficacy of highest priority critically important antimicrobials (HP-CIAs), the WHO has recommended avoiding their use in food-producing animals. Little is known regarding the indications for which different antimicrobial classes are used in animals, even in countries where data on antimicrobial use are available. OBJECTIVES To outline, in a narrative review, the diseases for which HP-CIAs are used in veterinary medicine, highlighting incongruences with international guidelines and disease conditions where effective alternatives to HP-CIAs are missing. METHODS Scientific literature, national reports and expert opinion were used to describe the indications for the use of HP-CIAs in the main food-producing (pigs, cattle and poultry) and companion (horses, dogs and cats) animal species. RESULTS The most common indications for use of HP-CIAs are enteric and respiratory infections in pigs, cattle and poultry, urogenital infections in dogs and cats and respiratory infections in horses. In some instances, no valid and convenient alternatives to colistin and macrolides are available against certain porcine enteric and bovine respiratory pathogens. Effective, legal and convenient alternatives to HP-CIAs are also lacking for managing common infections in cats, for which oral administration is difficult, Rhodococcus equi infections in horses, some enteric and respiratory infections in poultry and MDR infections in all companion animal species. CONCLUSIONS Future research and stewardship programmes should focus on the disease conditions identified by this review to reduce the use of HP-CIAs in the veterinary sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lhermie
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Roberto Marcello La Ragione
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK
| | - J Scott Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Elmerdahl Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Christensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Luca Guardabassi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkhead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK
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Salgado-Caxito M, Benavides JA, Adell AD, Paes AC, Moreno-Switt AI. Global prevalence and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing- Escherichia coli in dogs and cats - A scoping review and meta-analysis. One Health 2021; 12:100236. [PMID: 33889706 PMCID: PMC8050393 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a major threat to human and animal health. Part of the AMR dimension is the circulation of extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing-Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli), which is now commonly reported among companion animals. However, the global perspective of the prevalence and population structure of ESBL-E. coli circulating in dogs and cats has not been estimated limiting our understanding of their role in the dissemination of ESBL-E. coli. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of ESBL-E. coli between dogs and cats and across countries through meta-analysis. We also performed a scoping review to summarize the current knowledge on ESBL genes and E. coli clones circulating among companion animals. A total of 128 studies published in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus up to April 2020 were selected and contained information on prevalence and/or molecular characterization of ESBL genes and ESBL-E. coli clones. Our review shows an increase in the number of publications between 2000 and 2019, concentrated mainly in Europe. Prevalence varied across continents, ranging from 0.63% (Oceania) to 16.56% (Africa) in dogs and from 0% (Oceania) to 16.82% (Asia) in cats. Although there were twice as many studies reporting prevalence on dogs (n = 61) than on cats (n = 32), and only 9 studies focused exclusively on cats, our meta-analysis showed no difference in the global prevalence of ESBL-E. coli between dogs (6.87% [95% CI: 4.46-10.45%]) and cats (5.04% [95% CI: 2.42-10.22%]). A considerable diversity of ESBL genes (n = 60) and sequence types (ST) (n = 171) were recovered from companion animals. ESBL-E. coli encoded by CTX-M-15 (67.5%, 77/114) and SHV-12 (21.9%, 25/114), along with resistant strains of ST38 (22.7%, 15/66) and ST131 (50%, 33/66) were widespread and detected in all continents. While presence of ESBL-E. coli is widespread, the drivers influencing the observed ESBL-E. coli prevalence and the clinical relevance in veterinary medicine and public health along with economic impact of ESBL-E. coli infections among companion animals need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Salgado-Caxito
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio A. Benavides
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aiko D. Adell
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Carlos Paes
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea I. Moreno-Switt
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Courtice R, Sniatynski M, Rubin JE. Characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections in dogs: Passive surveillance in Saskatchewan, Canada 2014 to 2018. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1389-1396. [PMID: 33751667 PMCID: PMC8162607 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in dogs and can be caused by multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (E coli). OBJECTIVE To describe the frequency and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among E coli causing UTIs in dogs in Western Canada during a 4-year surveillance period. ANIMALS Urine from 516 dogs. METHODS From November 2014 to 2018, 516 nonduplicate E coli isolates from the urine of dogs were collected from a diagnostic laboratory. Susceptibility testing was determined for a panel of 14 antimicrobials belonging to 7 drug classes. Resistant isolates were screened for the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC β-lactamases, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes. Epidemiological relationships were assessed by MLST. RESULTS 80.2% (414/516) of isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. There was no significant increase in the proportion of isolates resistant to any of the tested antimicrobials during the study period. Resistance to ampicillin was the most common (14.9%, 77/516). Overall, 12 isolates had blaCMY-2 -type AmpC β-lactamases, and 7 produced CTX-M-type ESBLs. A single isolate had the aac(6')-Ib-cr PMQR gene. The qnr and qepA determinants were not detected. A single isolate belonging to the pandemic lineage ST131 was identified. CONCLUSION Escherichia coli isolated from the urine of dogs in our region remain susceptible to first-line therapies, though resistance, particularly to the aminopenicillins, warrants monitoring. This is the first description of E coli ST131 from a companion animal in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Courtice
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
- Canadian Food Inspection AgencySaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Michelle Sniatynski
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Joseph E. Rubin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
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Antimicrobial Resistance and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Genes in E. coli Isolated from Equine Fecal Samples in Turkey. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 101:103461. [PMID: 33993943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The extensive use of antibacterial agents used for treatment in human and veterinary clinics to increase yield in livestock and aquaculture in developing countries causes the detection and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains in different sources. The presence of Escherichia coli strains is very common in racehorses and it's a serious problem on horse farms. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production is an important source of MDR development in Gram-negative strains such as E.coli. This study aimed to detect the presence of ESBL genes in E. coli strains isolated from horse farms in eastern Turkey. A total of 200 equine fecal samples were collected from 16 horse farms (70 Thoroughbred and 130 Arabian horses) in the Adana and Şanlıurfa provinces of Turkey. The presence of ESBL genes, such as blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA-48, and blaKPC in the E. coli strains was investigated using real-time PCR. According to the real-time PCR results, 107 (53.5%) out of 200 E. coli strains were positive for at least one gene. BlaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM were detected in 11, 6, and 4 strains respectively. blaCTX-M+blaSHV coexisted in 16 strains, blaCTX-M+blaTEM in 11 strains, blaSHV+blaOXA-48 in 8 strains, blaTEM+blaSHV in 8 strains, blaCTX+blaSHV+ blaOXA-48 coexistent in 3 strains, blaCTX-M+blaTEM+blaSHV+blaOXA-48 in 7 strains, blaCTX-M+ blaTEM+blaSHV+blaKPC in 2 strains, and finally, blaCTX-M+blaTEM+blaSHV+blaOXA-48+blaKPC in 3 strains. In a summary, ESBL-producing E. coli strains were frequently seen in the racehorses from eastern Turkey. The excessive misuse of antibiotics has led to the evolution of MDR strains such as ESBL-producing E. coli that cause serious health problems and are difficult to treat. Routine molecular epidemiology studies are warranted to closely monitor these resistant strains.
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Shin SR, Noh SM, Jung WK, Shin S, Park YK, Moon DC, Lim SK, Park YH, Park KT. Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales Isolated from Companion Animals in Korea. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030249. [PMID: 33802246 PMCID: PMC8001212 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is of great concern in both human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate ESC-resistant bacterial isolates from companion animals in South Korea between 2017 and 2019. Isolates with ESC resistance genes, which were identified by PCR, were assessed for genetic relatedness by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In total, 91 ESC-resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp., and Enterobacter cloacae isolates harbored the blaTEM gene. Among other ESC resistance genes, blaCTX-M-15, blaCIT, and blaCTX-M-55 were predominantly detected in E. coli isolates, whereas blaSHV and blaDHA were more frequently detected in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. In addition, all blaEBC-positive isolates were classified as E. cloacae. From the MLST results, blaCTX-M-9-carrying ST131, blaCIT-carrying ST405, and blaCTX-M-1-carrying ST3285 strains were dominant among E. coli isolates. ST273 and ST275 strains harboring blaSHV were frequently detected in K. pneumoniae isolates. Various sequence types were obtained in E. cloacae and Klebsiella oxytoca isolates. All isolates demonstrated unique PFGE profiles (<57–98% similarity) and were unlikely to be derived from a single clone. The present study reveals the presence and wide genetic distribution of ESC-resistant bacterial species in South Korean companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Ra Shin
- Department of Pathobiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.R.S.); (S.M.N.); (S.S.); (Y.K.P.); (Y.H.P.)
- BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seong Mi Noh
- Department of Pathobiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.R.S.); (S.M.N.); (S.S.); (Y.K.P.); (Y.H.P.)
- BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Jung
- Department of Pathobiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.R.S.); (S.M.N.); (S.S.); (Y.K.P.); (Y.H.P.)
- Correspondence: (W.K.J.); (K.T.P.)
| | - Sook Shin
- Department of Pathobiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.R.S.); (S.M.N.); (S.S.); (Y.K.P.); (Y.H.P.)
| | - Young Kyung Park
- Department of Pathobiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.R.S.); (S.M.N.); (S.S.); (Y.K.P.); (Y.H.P.)
| | - Dong Chan Moon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea; (D.C.M.); (S.-K.L.)
| | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea; (D.C.M.); (S.-K.L.)
| | - Yong Ho Park
- Department of Pathobiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.R.S.); (S.M.N.); (S.S.); (Y.K.P.); (Y.H.P.)
| | - Kun Taek Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea
- Correspondence: (W.K.J.); (K.T.P.)
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Wareth G, Neubauer H. The Animal-foods-environment interface of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Germany: an observational study on pathogenicity, resistance development and the current situation. Vet Res 2021; 52:16. [PMID: 33557913 PMCID: PMC7871605 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00875-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae as a multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogen is an emerging challenge for clinicians worldwide. Virulence factors are capsular antigens, adherence factors, the O-lipopolysaccharide, and siderophores promoting infectivity. Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance are inactivation of compounds via enzymes, change of membrane permeability, and alteration of the target site of the antimicrobial compound. In addition to environmental resistance, K. pneumoniae can survive increasing concentrations of disinfectants, if exposed. This review describes the temporal and spatial distribution of K. pneumoniae in the past decades in Germany, with emphases on the development of resistance in the non-human columns of the One-Health concept. In general, K. pneumoniae is a neglected pathogen in veterinary and environmental health, and the risk of human infection concerning animal contact and food consumption is barely investigated. Few reports exist (n = 26) on antibiotic resistance of isolates from non-human origin. Multi-drug resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (MDR-ESBL) strains also resistant to carbapenems and antibiotics of the ß-lactam group harbor blaCTX-M, blaOXA, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCMY, and PMQR have been found in animals, foods, and the environment. Colistin resistant strains carrying the mcr-1 gene were detected in wastewater. The blaCTX-M-15 and blaOXA-48 genes are the most frequently identified AMR genes in isolates of humans and were also the most predominant ESBL-genes in samples collected from animal hosts. Several aspects of the molecular epidemiology and resistance development of K. pneumoniae in farm animal populations, wildlife, and foods need intensive research. Environmental health has to be integrated into national research plans, as a lack of data is apparent. Increasing awareness of the fact that non-human sources can act as a reservoir for this pathogen has to be raised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Wareth
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Street 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, Egypt.
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Street 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Schoster A, Amsler M, Kirchgaessner C, Saleh L, Schwarzwald C, Schmitt S. Gentamicin plasma concentrations in hospitalized horses and retrospective minimal inhibitory concentrations of gram-negative equine pathogens. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2020; 31:323-330. [PMID: 33274835 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The optimal dosage regimen of gentamicin in horses is still under investigation. The objectives of this study were to determine gentamicin plasma concentrations in hospitalized horses treated with 10 mg/kg gentamicin (IV, q 24 h) and to determine whether a plasma concentration to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio of 10:1 is reached for equine pathogens using this dose. DESIGN Prospective clinical observational study; retrospective study on MICs of 131 gram-negative bacteria isolated from horses (2012-2015). SETTING University teaching hospital. ANIMALS Ninety-eight horses >6 months old, treated with gentamicin for their primary disease, consecutive samples. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Plasma concentrations were measured 1 hour (C1h ) and 20 hours (C20h ) after gentamicin administration using fluorescence polarization. Presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and azotemia was recorded, as well as the reason for antimicrobial administration (primary disease) and whether administration was prophylactic or therapeutic. The target C1h of ≥20 µg/mL gentamicin was reached in 90% of horses and was sufficient to reach a plasma concentration:MIC of 10:1 in 32 of 131 (24%) of gram-negative aerobic bacteria. A C20h ≤ 2 µg/mL was reached in 97% horses. Therapeutic versus prophylactic administration, primary disease, azotemia, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome were not associated with a failure to reach a desired peak or trough. CONCLUSIONS The gentamicin dose of 10 mg/kg every 24 hours should be further investigated and safety assessed because a target gentamicin plasma concentration of ≥20 µg/mL was achieved in the majority of cases. Nephrotoxic side effects were not assessed. Individual drug monitoring should be performed because clinical factors are unreliable predictors of plasma concentrations. A gentamicin target concentration of ≥40 µg/mL does not offer additional benefits compared to ≥20 µg/mL, due to the bimodal distribution of resistance in bacterial isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Schoster
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Equine Department, Clinic for Equine Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Morena Amsler
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Equine Department, Clinic for Equine Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Constanze Kirchgaessner
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lanja Saleh
- University Hospital, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Colin Schwarzwald
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Equine Department, Clinic for Equine Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Schmitt
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Schwengers O, Barth P, Falgenhauer L, Hain T, Chakraborty T, Goesmann A. Platon: identification and characterization of bacterial plasmid contigs in short-read draft assemblies exploiting protein sequence-based replicon distribution scores. Microb Genom 2020; 6:mgen000398. [PMID: 32579097 PMCID: PMC7660248 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmids are extrachromosomal genetic elements that replicate independently of the chromosome and play a vital role in the environmental adaptation of bacteria. Due to potential mobilization or conjugation capabilities, plasmids are important genetic vehicles for antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors with huge and increasing clinical implications. They are therefore subject to large genomic studies within the scientific community worldwide. As a result of rapidly improving next-generation sequencing methods, the quantity of sequenced bacterial genomes is constantly increasing, in turn raising the need for specialized tools to (i) extract plasmid sequences from draft assemblies, (ii) derive their origin and distribution, and (iii) further investigate their genetic repertoire. Recently, several bioinformatic methods and tools have emerged to tackle this issue; however, a combination of high sensitivity and specificity in plasmid sequence identification is rarely achieved in a taxon-independent manner. In addition, many software tools are not appropriate for large high-throughput analyses or cannot be included in existing software pipelines due to their technical design or software implementation. In this study, we investigated differences in the replicon distributions of protein-coding genes on a large scale as a new approach to distinguish plasmid-borne from chromosome-borne contigs. We defined and computed statistical discrimination thresholds for a new metric: the replicon distribution score (RDS), which achieved an accuracy of 96.6 %. The final performance was further improved by the combination of the RDS metric with heuristics exploiting several plasmid-specific higher-level contig characterizations. We implemented this workflow in a new high-throughput taxon-independent bioinformatics software tool called Platon for the recruitment and characterization of plasmid-borne contigs from short-read draft assemblies. Compared to PlasFlow, Platon achieved a higher accuracy (97.5 %) and more balanced predictions (F1=82.6 %) tested on a broad range of bacterial taxa and better or equal performance against the targeted tools PlasmidFinder and PlaScope on sequenced Escherichia coli isolates. Platon is available at: http://platon.computational.bio/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schwengers
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Patrick Barth
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Linda Falgenhauer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany
- Present address: Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Health, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Torsten Hain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander Goesmann
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany
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Pauly N, Hammerl JA, Grobbel M, Tenhagen BA, Käsbohrer A, Bisenius S, Fuchs J, Horlacher S, Lingstädt H, Mauermann U, Mitro S, Müller M, Rohrmann S, Schiffmann AP, Stührenberg B, Zimmermann P, Schwarz S, Meemken D, Irrgang A. ChromID ® CARBA Agar Fails to Detect Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae With Slightly Reduced Susceptibility to Carbapenems. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1678. [PMID: 32849351 PMCID: PMC7432429 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
After first detections of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in animals, the European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance has provided a protocol for the isolation of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia (E.) coli from cecum content and meat. Up to now, only few isolates were recovered using this procedure. In our experience, the choice of the selective agar is important for the efficacy of the method. Currently, the use of the prevailing method fails to detect CPE that exhibit a low resistance against carbapenems. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the suitability of selective media with antibiotic supplements and commercial ChromID® CARBA agar for a reliable CPE detection. For comparative investigations, detection of freeze-dried carbapenemase-resistant bacteria was studied on different batches of the ChromID® CARBA agar as well as on MacConkey agar supplemented with 1 mg/L cefotaxime and 0.125 mg/L meropenem (McC+CTX+MEM). The suitability of the different media was assessed within a time of 25 weeks, starting at least six weeks before expiration of the media. Carbapenem-resistant isolates exhibiting a serine-based hydrolytic resistance mechanism (e.g., bla KPC genes) were consistently detected over 25 weeks on the different media. In contrast, carbapenemase producers with only slightly reduced susceptibility and exhibiting a zinc-catalyzed activity (e.g., bla VIM, bla NDM, and bla IMP) could only be cultivated on long-time expired ChromID® CARBA, but within the whole test period on McC+CTX+MEM. Thus, ChromID® CARBA agar appears to be not suitable for the detection of CPE with slightly increased minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against carbapenems, which have been detected in German livestock and thus, are of main interest in the national monitoring programs. Our data are in concordance with the results of eleven state laboratories that had participated in this study with their ChromID® CARBA batches routinely used for the German CPE monitoring. Based on the determined CPE detection rate, we recommend the use of McC+CTX+MEM for monitoring purposes. This study indicates that the use of ChromID® CARBA agar might lead to an underestimation of the current CPE occurrence in food and livestock samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Pauly
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens A Hammerl
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjam Grobbel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Annemarie Käsbohrer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.,Unit for Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Bisenius
- Institute for Fish and Fishery Products (LAVES), Cuxhaven, Germany
| | - Jannika Fuchs
- Chemical and Veterinary Investigation Office, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Holger Lingstädt
- State Office for Consumer Protection Saxony-Anhalt, Stendal, Germany
| | | | - Silke Mitro
- State Investigation Institute for Health and Veterinary Services, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Margit Müller
- Chemical and Veterinary Investigation Office Rhein-Ruhr-Wupper, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Stefan Rohrmann
- Chemical and Veterinary Investigation Office, Arnsberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Pia Zimmermann
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Meemken
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Carvalho I, Tejedor-Junco MT, González-Martín M, Corbera JA, Silva V, Igrejas G, Torres C, Poeta P. Escherichia coli Producing Extended-Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) from Domestic Camels in the Canary Islands: A One Health Approach. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081295. [PMID: 32751146 PMCID: PMC7459641 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli is an important problem in hospital settings. Camels are known to harbor multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and to be involved in the transmission of various microorganisms to humans. Fecal samples of 58 camels were recovered in the Canary Islands for detection and characterization of cefotaxime-resistant (CTXR) and ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. Five samples carried CTXRE. coli isolates and two of them contained ESBL-positive E. coli (3.4%) with the following characteristics: (ESBL/phylogroup/sequence type): CTX-M-15/A/ST3018 and CTX-M-15/B1/ST69. The three remaining isolates recovered from CTX-supplemented plates were ascribed to phylogroup-B1. Due to the participation of these animals in touristic activities in the region, the potential transference of ESBL-positive bacteria between humans and animals could happen and should be further monitored. Abstract Objective: This work aimed to determine the carriage rate of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli as well as their genetic characteristics in camels from the Canary Islands, Spain. Methods: Fecal samples were recovered from 58 healthy camels from Gran Canaria (n = 32) and Fuerteventura Islands (n = 26) during July 2019. They were seeded on MacConkey (MC) agar no supplemented and supplemented (MC + CTX) with cefotaxime (2 µg/mL). Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion test (CLSI, 2018). The presence of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM,blaCMY-2 and blaOXA-1/48 genes was tested by PCR/sequencing. Furthermore, the mcr-1 (colistin resistance), tetA/tetB (tetracycline resistance), int1 (integrase of class 1 integrons) and stx1,2 genes were analyzed. Phylogenetic groups and sequence types were determined by specific-PCR/sequencing for selected isolates. Results: E. coli was obtained from all the 58 camels in MC media (100%) and in five of them in MC + CTX media (8.6%). Furthermore, 63.8% of E. coli isolates recovered from MC agar were susceptible to all the antibiotics tested. The five E. coli isolates recovered from MC + CTX media were characterized and two of them were ESBL-producers (3.4%). Both ESBL-producer isolates carried the blaCTX-M-15 gene and belonged to the lineages ST3018 (phylogroup A) and ST69 (phylogroup B1). The 3 ESBL-negative isolates recovered from MC-CTX plates were ascribed to phylogroup-B1. Conclusions: Camels can be a source of ESBL-producer bacteria, containing the widespread blaCTX-M-15 gene associated with the lineages ST3018 and ST69.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Carvalho
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (I.C.); (V.S.)
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Laboratory Associated for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), New University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Monte da Caparica, Portugal
- Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain;
| | - María Teresa Tejedor-Junco
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Canary Islands, Spain; (M.T.T.-J.); (M.G.-M.); (J.A.C.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Margarita González-Martín
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Canary Islands, Spain; (M.T.T.-J.); (M.G.-M.); (J.A.C.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Juan Alberto Corbera
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Canary Islands, Spain; (M.T.T.-J.); (M.G.-M.); (J.A.C.)
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (I.C.); (V.S.)
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Laboratory Associated for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), New University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Monte da Caparica, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Laboratory Associated for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), New University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Monte da Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain;
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (I.C.); (V.S.)
- Laboratory Associated for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), New University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Monte da Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +351-259-350-466
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Piccolo FL, Belas A, Foti M, Fisichella V, Marques C, Pomba C. Detection of multidrug resistance and extended-spectrum/plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from diseased cats in Italy. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 22:613-622. [PMID: 31524037 PMCID: PMC10814436 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x19868029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from cats affected by diseases commonly encountered in practice, and to characterise the third-generation cephalosporin (3GC)-resistance molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS Clinical samples (n = 100) included 58 rectal swabs from cats with diarrhoea, 31 nasal swabs from cats with clinical signs of upper respiratory tract disease, four ear swabs from cats with otitis, three conjunctival swabs from cats with conjunctivitis, two oral swabs from cats with stomatitis, one swab from a skin abscess and one urine sample from a cat with cystitis. A total of 125 Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 90 cats. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated species (n = 65), followed by Enterobacter species (n = 20), Proteus species (n = 13), Citrobacter species (n = 12) and others (n = 15). Bacterial susceptibility testing was performed with respect to eight antimicrobial classes. Beta (β)-lactamase genes were identified by PCR and nucleotide sequencing. RESULTS Overall, the higher frequency of resistance was to amoxicillin-clavulanate (61.3%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (33.6%) and cefotaxime (32.8%). Thirty-six percent of the isolates (n = 45) were resistant to 3GCs. Of these isolates, 34 were tested by PCR and nucleotide sequencing and 23 were confirmed as encoding β-lactamase genes. Fourteen 3GC-resistant isolates harboured extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) belonging to groups CTX-M-1 (n = 12, two of which were CTX-M-79), CTX-M-2 (n = 1) and CTX-M-9 (n = 1), as well as SHV-12 (n = 1) and TEM-92 (n = 1). Nine isolates had CMY-2 plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (pAmpC). Thirty-one percent (n = 39) of the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) and were isolated from 34% (n = 31/90) of the cats. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A high frequency of MDR and ESBL/pAmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae were detected among bacteria isolated from a feline population in southern Italy with a variety of common clinical conditions, which poses limitations on therapeutic options for companion animals. We describe the first detection of CTX-M-79 and TEM-92 ESBL genes in isolates from cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lo Piccolo
- Section of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Adriana Belas
- CIISA, Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Foti
- Section of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Fisichella
- Section of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cátia Marques
- CIISA, Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Constança Pomba
- CIISA, Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Wang H, Li X, Liu BT. Occurrence and characterization of KPC-2-producing ST11 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate and NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli isolate from the same horse of equestrian clubs in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:224-232. [PMID: 32386080 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have been rapidly increasing among animals in many countries and have been a great threat to public health. Horse riding is becoming increasingly popular worldwide; however, reports of CRE producing NDM or KPC-2, two prevalent types of carbapenemases, from horses of equestrian club are extremely scarce and KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in animals is still rarely characterized. In this study, we identified four NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli isolates from horses in equestrian club in Qingdao, China, and one horse possessing NDM-5-producing E. coli also carried ST11 KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae. Transferability of the plasmids producing carbapenemases was determined by conjugation, and the sequences of all CRE isolates and their transconjugants were then analysed by using whole-genome sequencing. blaNDM-5 was located on a highly similar ~ 46 kb self-transmissible IncX3 plasmid in all isolates, and these plasmids were nearly identical to IncX3 plasmids from different bacterial species of clinical patients in several countries, even including plasmid from clinical E. coli in Qingdao, China. The chromosome of the ST11 K. pneumoniae in this study was highly similar to ST11 clinical K. pneumoniae reported worldwide including the ST11 KPC-2-producing WCHKP020098 from Chengdu, China, and the blaKPC-2 -bearing plasmid in our study was a novel F33:A-:B- non-conjugative multidrug resistance plasmid. The presence of CRE from horses in equestrian club is alarming due to the potential for transmitting these isolates to humans during horse riding, and the prevalence of CRE among equestrian clubs in the whole country requires further monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuyong Li
- College of Agricultural, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Bao-Tao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Léon A, Castagnet S, Maillard K, Paillot R, Giard JC. Evolution of In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Equine Clinical Isolates in France between 2016 and 2019. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050812. [PMID: 32392891 PMCID: PMC7278474 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study described the evolution of antimicrobial resistance in equine pathogens isolated from 2016 to 2019. A collection of 7806 bacterial isolates were analysed for their in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion method. The most frequently isolated pathogens were group C Streptococci (27.0%), Escherichia coli (18.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (6.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.3%) and Enterobacter spp. (2.1%). The majority of these pathogens were isolated from the genital tract (45.1%, n = 3522). With the implementation of two French national plans (named ECOANTIBIO 1 and 2) in 2012-2016 and 2017-2021, respectively, and a reduction in animal exposure to veterinary antibiotics, our study showed decreases in the resistance of group C Streptococci, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli against five classes, four classes and one class of antimicrobials tested, respectively. However, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter spp. presented an increased resistance against all the tested classes, excepted for two fifths of E. coli. Moreover, the percentages of multi-drug resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter spp. also increased from 24.5% to 37.4% and from 26.3% to 51.7%, respectively. The data reported here are relevant to equine practitioners and will help to improve knowledge related to antimicrobial resistance in common equine pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertine Léon
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14053 CAEN, France; (S.C.); (K.M.); (R.P.)
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, U2RM, 14033 Caen, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-314-719-39
| | - Sophie Castagnet
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14053 CAEN, France; (S.C.); (K.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Karine Maillard
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14053 CAEN, France; (S.C.); (K.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Romain Paillot
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14053 CAEN, France; (S.C.); (K.M.); (R.P.)
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Biotargen, 14033 Caen, France
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Hong JS, Song W, Park HM, Oh JY, Chae JC, Jeong S, Jeong SH. Molecular Characterization of Fecal Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase- and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli From Healthy Companion Animals and Cohabiting Humans in South Korea. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:674. [PMID: 32351490 PMCID: PMC7174606 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the distribution and characterization of fecal extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli isolates from healthy companion animals and cohabiting humans. A total of 968 rectal swab samples from 340 participants, including healthy companion animals and cohabiting humans, were collected from 130 households in South Korea from 2018 to 2019. To determine the bacterial profiles of the participants, several experiments were performed as follows: antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PCR and direct sequencing for ESBL/AmpC production, PFGE, MLST, whole genome sequencing and qRT-PCR. A total of 24.9 and 21.5% of the E. coli isolates from healthy companion animals and cohabiting humans were ESBL/AmpC producers, respectively. The blaCTX–M–14 gene was the most prevalent ESC resistance gene in both pets (n = 25/95, 26.3%) and humans (n = 44/126, 34.9%). The blaCMY–2 gene was also largely detected in pets (n = 19, 20.0%). Overall, intrahousehold pet-human sharing of ESBL/AmpC E. coli isolates occurred in 4.8% of households, and the isolates were all CTX-M-14 producers. In particular, ten CMY-2-producing E. coli isolates from seven dogs and three humans in the different households belonged to the same pulsotype. The MIC values of cefoxitin and the transcription level in CMY-2-producing E. coli isolates were proportional to the blaCMY–2 copy number on the chromosome. Our results showed that the clonal spread of fecal ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli households’ isolates between healthy companion animals and cohabiting humans was rare, but it could happen. In particular, E. coli ST405 isolates carrying multiple blaCMY–2 genes on the chromosome was sporadically spread between companion animals and humans in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonkeun Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hee-Myung Park
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Oh
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Chae
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Seri Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seok Hoon Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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