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Rodon J, Te N, Ballester M, Segalés J, Vergara-Alert J, Bensaid A. Quantification of camelid cytokine mRNA expression in PBMCs by microfluidic qPCR technology. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 149:105061. [PMID: 37717710 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Camelids are economically and socially important in several parts of the world and might carry pathogens with epizootic or zoonotic potential. However, biological research in these species is limited due to lack of reagents. Here, we developed RT-qPCR assays to quantify a panel of camelid innate and adaptive immune response genes, which can be monitored in a single run. The assays were validated with PHA, PMA-ionomycin, and Poly I:C-stimulated PBMCs from alpaca, dromedary camel and llama, including normalization by multiple reference genes. Further, comparative gene expression analyses for the different camelid species were performed by a unique microfluidic qPCR assay. Compared to unstimulated controls, PHA and PMA-ionomycin stimulation elicited robust Th1 and Th2 responses in PBMCs from camelid species. Additional activation of type I and type III IFN signalling pathways was described exclusively in PHA-stimulated dromedary lymphocytes, in contrast to those from alpaca and llama. We also found that PolyI:C stimulation induced robust antiviral response genes in alpaca PBMCs. The proposed methodology should be useful for the measurement of immune responses to infection or vaccination in camelid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Rodon
- Unitat mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Nigeer Te
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Maria Ballester
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA), 08140, Caldes de Montbui, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Unitat mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; Department de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus de la UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Júlia Vergara-Alert
- Unitat mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Albert Bensaid
- Unitat mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
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Topete MV, Andrade S, Bernardino RL, Guimarães M, Pereira AM, Oliveira SB, Costa MM, Nora M, Monteiro MP, Pereira SS. Visceral Adipose Tissue Bioenergetics Varies According to Individuals' Obesity Class. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021679. [PMID: 36675195 PMCID: PMC9863201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with complex adipose tissue energy metabolism remodeling. Whether AT metabolic reprogramming differs according to body mass index (BMI) and across different obesity classes is unknown. This study’s purpose was to evaluate and compare bioenergetics and energy substrate preference of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) pertaining to individuals with obesity class 2 and class 3. VAT obtained from patients with obesity (n = 15) class 2 (n = 7; BMI 37.53 ± 0.58 kg/m2) or class 3 (n = 8; BMI 47.79 ± 1.52 kg/m2) was used to assess oxygen consumption rate (OCR) bioenergetics and mitochondrial substrate preferences. VAT of patients with obesity class 3 presented significantly higher non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption (p < 0.05). In VAT of patients with obesity class 2, inhibition of pyruvate and glutamine metabolism significantly decreased maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity (p < 0.05), while pyruvate and fatty acid metabolism inhibition, which renders glutamine the only available substrate, increased the proton leak with a protective role against oxidative stress (p < 0.05). In conclusion, VAT bioenergetics of patients with obesity class 2 depicts a greater dependence on glucose/pyruvate and glutamine metabolism, suggesting that patients within this BMI range are more likely to be responsive to interventions based on energetic substrate modulation for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo V. Topete
- UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- ITR-Laboratory of Integrative and Translocation Research in Population Health, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Andrade
- UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- ITR-Laboratory of Integrative and Translocation Research in Population Health, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel L. Bernardino
- UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- ITR-Laboratory of Integrative and Translocation Research in Population Health, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Guimarães
- UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- ITR-Laboratory of Integrative and Translocation Research in Population Health, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital São Sebastião, Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, Rua Dr. Cândido Pinho, 4050-220 Santa Maia da Feira, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Pereira
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital São Sebastião, Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, Rua Dr. Cândido Pinho, 4050-220 Santa Maia da Feira, Portugal
- Hospital da Luz Arrábida, Praceta de Henrique Moreira 150, 4400-346 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Sofia B. Oliveira
- UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- ITR-Laboratory of Integrative and Translocation Research in Population Health, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena M. Costa
- UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- ITR-Laboratory of Integrative and Translocation Research in Population Health, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Nora
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital São Sebastião, Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, Rua Dr. Cândido Pinho, 4050-220 Santa Maia da Feira, Portugal
- Hospital da Luz Arrábida, Praceta de Henrique Moreira 150, 4400-346 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Mariana P. Monteiro
- UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- ITR-Laboratory of Integrative and Translocation Research in Population Health, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Hospital da Luz Arrábida, Praceta de Henrique Moreira 150, 4400-346 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Sofia S. Pereira
- UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- ITR-Laboratory of Integrative and Translocation Research in Population Health, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Zhao L, Yang H, Li X, Zhou Y, Liu T, Zhao Y. Transcriptome-based selection and validation of optimal reference genes in perirenal adipose developing of goat ( Capra hircus). Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1055866. [PMID: 36467654 PMCID: PMC9712442 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1055866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is mainly present in young mammals and is important for maintaining body temperature in neonatal mammals because of its ability to produce non-shivering thermogenesis. There is usually a large amount of BAT around the kidneys of newborn kids, but the BAT gradually "whiting" after birth. Screening and validating appropriate reference genes is a prerequisite for further studying the mechanism of goat brown adipose tissue "whiting" during the early stages. In this study, the expression stability of 17 candidate reference genes: 12 COPS8, SAP18, IGF2R, PARL, SNRNP200, ACTG1, CLTA, GANAB, GABARAP, PCBP2, CTSB, and CD151) selected based on previous transcriptome data as new candidate reference genes, 3 (PFDN5, CTNNB1, and EIF3M) recommended in previous studies, and 2 traditional reference genes (ACTB and GAPDH) was evaluated. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) technology was used to detect the expression level of candidate reference genes during goat BAT "whiting". Four algorithms: Normfinder, geNorm, ΔCt method, and BestKeeper, and two comprehensive algorithms: ComprFinder and RefFinder, were used to analyze the stability of each candidate reference genes. GABARAP, CLTA, GAPDH, and ACTB were identified as the most stable reference genes, while CTNNB1, CTSB, and EIF3M were the least stable. Moreover, two randomly selected target genes IDH2 and RBP4, were effectively normalized using the selected most stable reference genes. These findings collectively suggest that GABARAP, CLTA, GAPDH, and ACTB are relatively stable reference genes that can potentially be used for the development of perirenal fat in goats.
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Wu J, Yu S, Wang Y, Zhu J, Zhang Z. New insights into the role of ribonuclease P protein subunit p30 from tumor to internal reference. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1018279. [PMID: 36313673 PMCID: PMC9606464 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1018279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonuclease P protein subunit p30 (RPP30) is a highly conserved housekeeping gene that exists in many species and tissues throughout the three life kingdoms (archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes). RPP30 is closely related to a few types of tumors in human diseases but has a very stable transcription level in most cases. Based on this feature, increasing number of studies have used RPP30 as an internal reference gene. Here, the structure and basic functions of RPP30 are summarized and the likely relationship between RPP30 and various diseases in plants and human is outlined. Finally, the current application of RPP30 as an internal reference gene and its advantages over traditional internal reference genes are reviewed. RPP30 characteristics suggest that it has a good prospect of being selected as an internal reference; more work is needed to develop this research avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Wu
- Institute of Clinical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sijie Yu
- Institute of Clinical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yalan Wang
- Institute of Clinical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,*Correspondence: Zhenhua Zhang,
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Prolonged Antiretroviral Treatment Induces Adipose Tissue Remodelling Associated with Mild Inflammation in SIV-Infected Macaques. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193104. [PMID: 36231066 PMCID: PMC9561982 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During chronic SIV/HIV infection, adipose tissue (AT) is the target of both antiretroviral treatment (ART) and the virus. AT might subsequently contribute to the low-grade systemic inflammation observed in patients on ART. To evaluate the inflammatory profile of AT during chronic SIV/HIV infection, we assayed subcutaneous and visceral abdominal AT from non-infected (SIV−, control), ART-naïve SIV-infected (SIV+) and ART-controlled SIV-infected (SIV+ART+) cynomolgus macaques for the mRNA expression of genes coding for factors related to inflammation. Significant differences were observed only when comparing the SIV+ART+ group with the SIV+ and/or SIV− groups. ART-treated infection impacted the metabolic fraction (with elevated expression of PPARγ and CEBPα), the extracellular matrix (with elevated expression of COL1A2 and HIF-1α), and the inflammatory profile. Both pro- and anti-inflammatory signatures were detected in AT, with greater mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory markers (adiponectin and CD163) and markers associated with inflammation (TNF-α, Mx1, CCL5 and CX3CL1). There were no intergroup differences in other markers (IL-6 and MCP-1). In conclusion, we observed marked differences in the immune and metabolic profiles of AT in the context of an ART-treated, chronic SIV infection; these differences were related more to ART than to SIV infection per se.
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Identification and Validation of Reference Genes for Expression Analysis in Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria under Environmental Stress. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091379. [PMID: 36143415 PMCID: PMC9505014 DOI: 10.3390/life12091379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reference genes, also referred to as housekeeping genes (HKGs), play an important role in gene expression analysis by serving as an internal control. These HKGs are usually involved in basic cellular functions and their expression should remain at relatively constant levels. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) has been used to measure gene expression. Since the normalization of gene expression data depends on baseline expression of HKGs, it is important to identify and verify true HKGs for the qRT-PCR analysis. The goal of this study is to identify and confirm HKGs in Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens, a nitrogen fixing bacterium which forms a symbiotic relationship with soybean. By revealing such HKGs, the normalization of gene expression would be more robust, reliable, and consistent. Here, we analyzed previous gene expression data for B. diazoefficiens under multiple environmental conditions. As a result, we identified seven constitutively expressed genes among 8453 genes across all conditions. Their fold-change values were within a range of −1.25-fold < x < 1.25-fold. We adopted GeNorm, NormFinder, and comparative ∆Ct methods to rank the seven candidate genes based on their expression stability. To validate these potential HKGs, we measured their expression in various experimental conditions, such as heat, pH, and heavy metal stress. The HKGs that were found in B. diazoefficiens were also applied in closely related species by identifying their homologs.
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Yue X, Wen S, Long-Kun D, Man Y, Chang S, Min Z, Shuang-Yu L, Xin Q, Jie M, Liang W. Three important short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) attenuate the inflammatory response induced by 5-FU and maintain the integrity of intestinal mucosal tight junction. BMC Immunol 2022; 23:19. [PMID: 35448938 PMCID: PMC9027456 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-022-00495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a used chemotherapy drug for cancer, and its main side effect is intestinal mucositis which causes chemotherapy to fail. It was known that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can inhibit immune cell release of various proinflammatory factors and inhibit excessive intestinal inflammation. However, the inhibitory effect of SCFAs on 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis is still unclear. RESULTS To simulate the effects of SCFAs on immune and intestinal epithelial cells, the cells (THP-1 cells and Caco-2 cells) were pretreated with sodium acetate (NaAc), sodium propionate (NaPc) and sodium butyrate (NaB), then inflammation was induced by 5-FU. The expressions of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Beclin-1, LC3-II, NF-κB p65, NLRP3 inflammasome, proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines and mucosal tight junction proteins were determined. In our results, the three SCFAs could inhibit ROS expressions, NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, Beclin-1 and LC3-II, when induced by 5-FU. In a 5-FU-induced chemoentermuctis mouse model, Lactobacillus rhamnoides can increase the concentrations of three SCFAs in faeces and increase the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and IgA in serum, and decrease the expressions of NLRP3 and IL-17 in spleen cells. The expressions of ZO-1 and Occludin in intestinal mucosa were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that the three SCFAs can effectively suppress the inflammation of THP-1 cells and Caco-2 cells and maintain tight junction integrity in intestinal mucosal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yue
- Medical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sun Wen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212400, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Long-Kun
- Medical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Man
- Medical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sun Chang
- Medical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Min
- Medical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shuang-Yu
- Medical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Xin
- Medical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ma Jie
- Medical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Liang
- Medical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Yin J, Xiao W, Zhao Q, Sun J, Zhou W, Zhao W. MicroRNA-582-3p regulates osteoporosis through regulating homeobox A10 and osteoblast differentiation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:421-428. [PMID: 35285389 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2052895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yin
- Department of Orthopedic, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, PR. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, PR. China
| | - Qingbin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, PR. China
| | - Jungang Sun
- Department of Orthopedic, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, PR. China
| | - Wenzheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, PR. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, PR. China
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Torres JL, Usategui-Martín R, Hernández-Cosido L, Bernardo E, Manzanedo-Bueno L, Hernández-García I, Mateos-Díaz AM, Rozo O, Matesanz N, Salete-Granado D, Chamorro AJ, Carbonell C, Garcia-Macia M, González-Sarmiento R, Sabio G, Muñoz-Bellvís L, Marcos M. PPAR-γ Gene Expression in Human Adipose Tissue Is Associated with Weight Loss After Sleeve Gastrectomy. J Gastrointest Surg 2022; 26:286-297. [PMID: 34882294 PMCID: PMC8821495 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-021-05216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ plays a key role in adipose tissue differentiation and fat metabolism. However, it is unclear which factors may regulate its expression and whether obese patients have changes in adipose tissue expression of PPAR-γor potential regulators such as miR-27. Thus, our aims were to analyze PPAR-γ and miR-27 expression in adipose tissue of obese patients, and to correlate their levels with clinical variables. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We included 43 morbidly obese subjects who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (31 of them completed 1-year follow-up) and 19 non-obese subjects. mRNA expression of PPAR-γ1 and PPAR-γ2, miR-27a, and miR-27b was measured by qPCR in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Clinical variables and serum adipokine and hormone levels were correlated with PPAR-γ and miR-27 expression. In addition, a systematic review of the literature regarding PPAR-γ expression in adipose tissue of obese patients was performed. RESULTS We found no differences in the expression of PPAR-γ and miR-27 in adipose tissue of obese patients vs. controls. The literature review revealed discrepant results regarding PPAR-γ expression in adipose tissue of obese patients. Of note, we described a significant negative correlation between pre-operative PPAR-γ1 expression in adipose tissue of obese patients and post-operative weight loss, potentially linked with insulin resistance markers. CONCLUSION PPAR-γ1 expression in adipose tissue is associated with weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy and may be used as a biomarker for response to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge-Luis Torres
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-SACYL-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain ,Department of Internal Medicine, Complejo Asistencial de Zamora-SACYL, Zamora, Spain
| | - Ricardo Usategui-Martín
- IOBA, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain ,Cooperative Health Network for Research (RETICS), Oftared, National Institute of Health Carlos III, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Hernández-Cosido
- Bariatric Surgery Unit, Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain ,University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Edgar Bernardo
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Manzanedo-Bueno
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-SACYL-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain ,Department of Internal Medicine, Complejo Asistencial de Zamora-SACYL, Zamora, Spain
| | - Ignacio Hernández-García
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana-María Mateos-Díaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-SACYL-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Orlando Rozo
- Department of Surgery, Complejo Asistencial de Ávila-SACYL, Ávila, Spain
| | - Nuria Matesanz
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio-Javier Chamorro
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-SACYL-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain ,University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Carbonell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-SACYL-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain ,University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marina Garcia-Macia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-SACYL-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain ,Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain ,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Muñoz-Bellvís
- Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Marcos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-SACYL-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain ,University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Wu X, Yang W, Ren Z, Cheng J, Luo Y, Wang Y, Yang Z, Yao X, Zhao W, Li Y, Tang K. Reference gene screening for analyzing gene expression in the heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of forest musk deer. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1750-1759. [PMID: 34615843 PMCID: PMC8636893 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The screening of reference genes for real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) in forest musk deer (FMD) tissue is of great significance to the basic research on FMD. However, there are few reports
on the stability analysis of FMD reference genes so far. In this study, We used qPCR to detect the expression levels of 11 reference gene candidates (18S rRNA, beta-actin
[ACTB], glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH], TATA box-binding protein [TBP], hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1
[HPRT1], tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta polypeptide [YWHAZ], hydroxymethylbilane synthase
[HMBS], eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 [EEF1A1], succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A [SDHA],
peptidylprolyl isomerase B [PPIB], and ubiquitin C [UBC]) in heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of FMD. After removing 18S rRNA on
account of its high expression level, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and ΔCt algorithms were used to evaluate the expression stability of the remaining genes in the five organs, and further
comprehensive ranking was calculated by RefFinder. According to the results, the selected reference genes with the most stable expression in the heart of FMD are SDHA and
YWHAZ, while in the liver are ACTB and SDHA; in the spleen and lung are YWHAZ and HPRT1; in the kidney
are YWHAZ and PPIB. The use of common reference genes in all five organs is not recommended. The analyses showed that tissue is an important variability
factor in genes expression stability. Meanwhile, the result can be used as a reference for the selection of reference genes for qPCR in further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ziwei Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jianguo Cheng
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zexiao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yimeng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kexin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan Province, China
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11
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Toorani T, Mackie PM, Mastromonaco GF. Validation of reference genes for use in untreated bovine fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10253. [PMID: 33986374 PMCID: PMC8119449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper normalization of RT-qPCR data is pivotal to the interpretation of results and accuracy of scientific conclusions. Though different approaches may be taken, normalization against multiple reference genes is now standard practice. Genes traditionally used and deemed constitutively expressed have demonstrated variability in expression under different experimental conditions, necessitating the proper validation of reference genes prior to utilization. Considering the wide use of fibroblasts in research and scientific applications, it is imperative that suitable reference genes for fibroblasts of different animal origins and conditions be elucidated. Previous studies on bovine fibroblasts have tested limited genes and/or samples. Herein, we present an extensive study investigating the expression stability of 16 candidate reference genes across 7 untreated bovine fibroblast cell lines subjected to controlled conditions. Data were analysed using various statistical tools and algorithms, including geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder. A combined use of GUSB and RPL13A was determined to be the best approach for data normalization in untreated bovine fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Toorani
- Reproductive Sciences, Toronto Zoo, Scarborough, ON, M1B 5K7, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - P M Mackie
- Reproductive Sciences, Toronto Zoo, Scarborough, ON, M1B 5K7, Canada
| | - G F Mastromonaco
- Reproductive Sciences, Toronto Zoo, Scarborough, ON, M1B 5K7, Canada.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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12
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Zwischenberger BA, Balasuriya BK, Harris DD, Nataraj N, Owen AM, Bruno MEC, Mukherjee S, Ortiz-Soriano V, O’Connor W, Ke C, Stromberg AJ, Chang PK, Neyra JA, Saito H, Starr ME. Adipose-Derived Inflammatory and Coagulant Mediators in Patients With Sepsis. Shock 2021; 55:596-606. [PMID: 32496420 PMCID: PMC8994194 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Results from preclinical sepsis studies using rodents are often criticized as not being reproducible in humans. Using a murine model, we previously reported that visceral adipose tissues (VAT) are highly active during the acute inflammatory response, serving as a major source of inflammatory and coagulant mediators. The purpose of this study was to determine whether these findings are recapitulated in patients with sepsis and to evaluate their clinical significance. VAT and plasma were obtained from patients undergoing intra-abdominal operations with noninflammatory conditions (control), local inflammation, or sepsis. In mesenteric and epiploic VAT, gene expression of pro-inflammatory (TNFα, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β) and pro-coagulant (PAI-1, PAI-2, TSP-1, TF) mediators was increased in sepsis compared with control and local inflammation groups. In the omentum, increased expression was limited to IL-1β, PAI-1, and PAI-2, showing a depot-specific regulation. Histological analyses showed little correlation between cellular infiltration and gene expression, indicating a resident source of these mediators. Notably, a strong correlation between PAI-1 expression in VAT and circulating protein levels was observed, both being positively associated with markers of acute kidney injury (AKI). In another cohort of septic patients stratified by incidence of AKI, circulating PAI-1 levels were higher in those with versus without AKI, thus extending these findings beyond intra-abdominal cases. This study is the first to translate upregulation of VAT mediators in sepsis from mouse to human. Collectively, the data suggest that development of AKI in septic patients is associated with high plasma levels of PAI-1, likely derived from resident cells within VAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A. Zwischenberger
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Beverly K. Balasuriya
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Dwight D. Harris
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Nisha Nataraj
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Allison M. Owen
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Maria E. C. Bruno
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Sujata Mukherjee
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - William O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Chenlu Ke
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - Phillip K. Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Javier A. Neyra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Marlene E. Starr
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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13
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Jazeela K, Chakraborty A, Kotian A, Aditya V, Kumar BK, Rai P, Karunasagar I, Deekshit VK. Phenotypic characterization of auxotrophic mutant of nontyphoidal Salmonella and determination of its cytotoxicity, tumor inhibiting cytokine gene expression in cell line models. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:2925-2939. [PMID: 33770232 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An auxotrophic mutant of nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) strain (Salmonella Oslo) was phenotypically characterized in this study. The characterization was based on phenotype, morphology, motility, biofilm forming ability, growth kinetics, etc. The phenotypic results from the above experiments determined that the mutant showed variation in phenotypic characters from that of wild-type strain. Subsequently, mutant and wild-type NTS were subjected to epithelial cell invasion and intracellular replication assays. The real-time PCR analysis was also performed to analyse expression of tumor inhibiting cytokine genes and virulence genes post-bacterial infection in cell lines. The mutant showed highest invasion potential than wild-type NTS whereas the replication of mutant was slower in both the cell lines. Similar to the wild-type strain, the mutant also retained the cytotoxic potential when analysed in vitro. Furthermore, the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes such as TNF-α and IL-1β was upsurged with the downregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine genes like TGF-β, IL-6 and IL-10 post-infection of the mutant strain in cell lines. In addition, virulence genes of Salmonella pathogenicity island one and two of mutant were downregulated in vitro except invA in HeLa cell line. Therefore, the auxotrophic mutant showed positive attributes of a potential antitumor agent in terms of expressing tumor inhibiting cytokine genes when assessed in vitro. Though the study did not check the tumor inhibitory effect of NTS strain directly, findings of the study emphasizes on the development of a novel strain of NTS with less virulence and more immunogenic traits to inhibit tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadeeja Jazeela
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Anirban Chakraborty
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Akshatha Kotian
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Vankadari Aditya
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Ballamoole Krishna Kumar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Rai
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Indrani Karunasagar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijaya Kumar Deekshit
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India.
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14
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Chen TP, Zhang NJ, Wang HJ, Hu SG, Geng X. Knockdown of circROBO2 attenuates acute myocardial infarction through regulating the miR-1184/TRADD axis. Mol Med 2021; 27:21. [PMID: 33658002 PMCID: PMC7931513 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have found that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play key roles in cardiovascular diseases. However, the function of circROBO2 in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of circROBO2 in AMI. METHODS qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine the expression levels of circROBO2, miR-1184, and TRADD in AMI and sham-operated mouse models at mRNA and protein level, respectively. The relationship among miR-1184, circROBO2 and TRADD was evaluated by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) analysis and luciferase reporter gene analysis. The roles of circROBO2, miR-1184, and TRADD in myocardial cell apoptosis were evaluated using flow cytometry. Ultrasound echocardiography, serum creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), myocardial infarction area, and myocardial cell apoptosis were measured to examine the effects of circROBO2 on myocardial injury. RESULTS The expression levels of miR-1184 were significantly reduced, and the expression levels of circROBO2 and TRADD were significantly increased in MI group. CircROBO2 acted as a sponge for miR-1184 by upregulating the expression of TRADD. In addition, overexpression of miR-1184 enhanced the protective effect of knockdown of circROBO2 by partially inhibiting the expression of TRADD in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Knockdown of circROBO2 reduced the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes by increasing the expression levels of miR-1184, which in turn decreased the expression levels of TRADD in the myocardium post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ping Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Longzi Lake District, Bengbu city, 233003, Anhui province, China.
| | - Nai-Ju Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Longzi Lake District, Bengbu city, 233003, Anhui province, China
| | - Hong-Ju Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Longzi Lake District, Bengbu city, 233003, Anhui province, China
| | - Si-Gan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Longzi Lake District, Bengbu city, 233003, Anhui province, China
| | - Xu Geng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Longzi Lake District, Bengbu city, 233003, Anhui province, China
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15
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Fan X, Yao H, Liu X, Shi Q, Lv L, Li P, Wang R, Tang T, Qi K. High-Fat Diet Alters the Expression of Reference Genes in Male Mice. Front Nutr 2020; 7:589771. [PMID: 33330591 PMCID: PMC7732482 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.589771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative PCR (qPCR), the most accurate and sensitive technique for quantifying mRNA expression, and choice of appropriate reference genes for internal error controlling in qPCR are essential to understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive the obesity epidemic and its comorbidities. In this study, using the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model, we assessed the expression of 10 commonly used reference genes to validate gene-expression stability in adipose tissue, liver, and muscle across different time points (4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after HFD feeding) during the process of obesity. The data were analyzed by the GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and Delta-Ct method, and the results showed that the most stable reference genes were different for a specific organ or tissue in a specific time point; however, PPIA, RPLP0, and YWHAZ were the top three most stable reference genes in qPCR experiments on adipose, hepatic tissues, and muscles of mice in diet-induced obesity. In addition, the mostly used genes ACTB and GAPDH were more unstable in the fat and liver, the ACTB mRNA levels were increased in four adipose tissues, and the GAPDH mRNA levels were decreased in four adipose tissues and liver after HFD feeding. These results suggest that PPIA, RPLP0, or YWHAZ may be more appropriate to be used as reference gene than ACTB and GAPDH in the adipose tissue and liver of mice during the process of high-fat diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Fan
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyang Yao
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanyi Liu
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyu Shi
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | | | - Ping Li
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Tang
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Kemin Qi
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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16
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Feng X, Cao X, Zhu R, Huang J. Selection and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR in adipose and longissimus dorsi muscle tissues of buffalo. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:526-535. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1811715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Xiaodan Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Ruirui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jieping Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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17
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Yang H, Zhang L, Liu S. Determination of reference genes for ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma infected lung tissues using RNA-seq transcriptome profiling. J Virol Methods 2020; 284:113923. [PMID: 32615131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a globally occurring tumor of lung epithelium which seriously affects the development of sheep farming. In our research, lung tissues of 3 naturally infected OPA individuals and 3 healthy individuals (2-4 years old) were collected. RNA was extracted for transcriptome analysis and reference gene selection. According to transcriptome analysis, 7 candidate reference genes (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1, EIF1; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH; beta-actin, ACTB; GABA Type A receptor-associated protein, GABARAP; activating transcription factor 4, ATF4; ribosomal protein S15, RPS15; and Y-Box binding protein 1, YBX1) showed fragments per kilobase of transcript per million fragments mapped (FPKM) values > 200.0 and standard errors of the means (SEM) < 20.0. Expression of the above candidate reference genes was evaluated by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) combined with the analysis using GeNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper software. Comprehensive analysis of the results showed that ACTB was the most stable one, followed by EIF1 and GABARAP. Then, expression stability of the above three genes were validated, suggesting as suitable reference genes in sheep lung tissue, in additional 30 OPA-affected lung tissues and 10 healthy ovine lung tissues. Finally, our findings will be helpful for the subsequent study on the tumorigenic mechanism of OPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Veterinary Medicine College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Zhao Wu Da Road 306#, Hohhot 010018, People's Republic of China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot 010018, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 010018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- Veterinary Medicine College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Zhao Wu Da Road 306#, Hohhot 010018, People's Republic of China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot 010018, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 010018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuying Liu
- Veterinary Medicine College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Zhao Wu Da Road 306#, Hohhot 010018, People's Republic of China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Hohhot 010018, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 010018, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Lin Y, Huang G, Jin H, Jian Z. Circular RNA Gprc5a Promotes HCC Progression by Activating YAP1/TEAD1 Signalling Pathway by Sponging miR-1283. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4509-4521. [PMID: 32547082 PMCID: PMC7247601 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s240261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNA (circRNA) plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Many studies indicate that circRNA Gprc5a is significantly upregulated and functions as an oncogene in a variety of cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of circGprc5a in liver cancer remains unclear. METHODS qRT-PCR was used to measure the expression levels of circGprc5a, miR-1283, YAP1 and TEAD1 mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues or cells. YAP1 and TEAD1 protein levels were detected by Western blot. CCK-8 assay, cell colony formation, BrdU incorporation and Annexin V-FITC/PI assays were performed to analyze the effects of circGprc5a and miR-1283 on cell proliferation and apoptosis. The relationship between circGprc5a, miR-1283, YAP1 and TEAD1 was analyzed using bioinformatic analysis and luciferase. The tumor changes in mice were detected by in vivo experiments. RESULTS CircGprc5a was highly expressed in liver cancer, and closely related poor survival of patients with liver cancer. Knockout of circGprc5a inhibited proliferation of HCC and induced apoptosis. CircGprc5a activated the YAP1/TEAD1 signaling pathway by acting as a sponge for miR-1283. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-1283 abolished the promotion of circGprc5a on HCC cells. Therefore, miR-1283 expression correlated negatively with circGprc5a expression yet positively with the expression of YAP1/TEAD1 in liver cancer. CONCLUSION CircGprc5a promoted the development of HCC by inhibiting the expression of miR-1283 and activating the YAP1/TEAD1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanqun Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou510700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haosheng Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixiang Jian
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou510080, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Garrido J, Aguilar M, Prieto P. Identification and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR normalization in wheat meiosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2726. [PMID: 32066846 PMCID: PMC7026057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59580-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division occurring in sexually reproducing organisms to generate haploid cells known as gametes. In flowering plants, male gametes are produced in anthers, being encased in pollen grains. Understanding the genetic regulation of meiosis key events such as chromosome recognition and pairing, synapsis and recombination, is needed to manipulate chromosome associations for breeding purposes, particularly in important cereal crops like wheat. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is widely used to analyse gene expression and to validate the results obtained by other transcriptomic analyses, like RNA-seq. Selection and validation of appropriate reference genes for RT-qPCR normalization is essential to obtain reproducible and accurate expression data. In this work, twelve candidate reference genes were evaluated using the mainstream algorithms geNorm, Normfinder, BestKeeper and ΔCt, then ranked from most to least suitable for normalization with RefFinder. Different sets of reference genes were recommended to normalize gene expression data in anther meiosis of bread and durum wheat, their corresponding genotypes in the absence of the Ph1 locus and for comparative studies among wheat genotypes. Comparisons between meiotic (anthers) and somatic (leaves and roots) wheat tissues were also carried out. To the best of our knowledge, our study provides the first comprehensive list of reference genes for robust RT-qPCR normalization to study differentially expressed genes during male meiosis in wheat in a breeding framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Garrido
- Plant Breeding Department, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, Apartado 4084, 14080, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Miguel Aguilar
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad de Córdoba. Campus de Rabanales, edif. C4, 3ª planta, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Plant Breeding Department, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, Apartado 4084, 14080, Córdoba, Spain.
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20
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White JM, Piron MJ, Rangaraj VR, Hanlon EC, Cohen RN, Brady MJ. Reference Gene Optimization for Circadian Gene Expression Analysis in Human Adipose Tissue. J Biol Rhythms 2020; 35:84-97. [PMID: 31668115 PMCID: PMC7409766 DOI: 10.1177/0748730419883043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of biology is the cyclical nature of organismal physiology driven by networks of biological, including circadian, rhythms. Unsurprisingly, disruptions of the circadian rhythms through sleep curtailment or shift work have been connected through numerous studies to positive associations with obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) measures oscillation in messenger RNA expression, an essential foundation for the study of the physiological circadian regulatory network. Primarily, measured oscillations have involved the use of reference gene normalization. However, the validation and identification of suitable reference genes is a significant challenge across different biological systems. This study focuses on adipose tissue of premenopausal, otherwise healthy, morbidly obese women voluntarily enrolled after being scheduled for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy surgery. Acquisition of tissue was accomplished by aspiratory needle biopsies of subcutaneous adipose tissue 1 to 2 weeks prior to surgery and 12 to 13 weeks following surgery and an in-surgery scalpel-assisted excision of mesenteric adipose tissue. Each biopsy was sterile cultured ex vivo and serially collected every 4 h over approximately 36 h. The candidate reference genes that were tested were 18S rRNA, GAPDH, HPRT1, RPII, RPL13α, and YWHAZ. Three analytic tools were used to test suitability, and the candidate reference genes were used to measure oscillation in expression of a known circadian clock element (Dbp). No gene was deemed suitable as an individual reference gene control, which indicated that the optimal reference gene set was the geometrically averaged 3-gene panel composed of YWHAZ, RPL13α, and GAPDH. These methods can be employed to identify optimal reference genes in other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. White
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
| | - Matthew J. Piron
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
| | - Vittobai R. Rangaraj
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
| | - Erin C. Hanlon
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
| | - Ronald N. Cohen
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
| | - Matthew J. Brady
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, 60637
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21
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Zhang C, Fang L, Liu X, Nie T, Li R, Cui L, Wang J, Ji Y. miR-22 inhibits synovial fibroblasts proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine production in RASF via targeting SIRT1. Gene 2020; 724:144144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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22
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Validation of reference genes in human epicardial adipose tissue and left ventricular myocardium in heart failure. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Elokil AA, Bhuiyan AA, Liu HZ, Hussein MN, Ahmed HI, Azmal SA, Yang L, Li S. The capability of L-carnitine-mediated antioxidant on cock during aging: evidence for the improved semen quality and enhanced testicular expressions of GnRH1, GnRHR, and melatonin receptors MT 1/2. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4172-4181. [PMID: 31001634 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise natural anti-oxidative compounds have facilitated the research of infertile gametes and the development of novel bio-therapeutics, especially the molecules that are based on the reduction of oxidative stress, such as L-carnitine (LC). In addition to, the defect in the functioning of sperm mitochondrial and the decreasing seminal antioxidant ability due to aging, its essential role in permitting the mitochondrial import and oxidation of long chain fatty acids is worthy. Therefore, current study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary LC on semen quality, seminal antioxidant activity, and their implications for the fertility in aged cocks for 12 wk. Supplementation of the feed with two different doses of LC (50 and 150 mg/kg body weight/day) for 12 wk showed significantly increased in the reproductive activity of cock, in comparison to the control group. Seminal analysis showed that supplementation of LC significantly increased (P < 0.05) the sperm motility, concentration, livability, semen quality factor, seminal malondialdehyde concentration, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. In addition, addition of LC significantly increased (P < 0.05) the plasma concentration of testosterone and prostaglandin E2 but posed no significant effect on the concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone. Furthermore, the findings of artificial insemination showed significant increased (P < 0.05) in the percentage of fertility in LC groups, while the percentage hatchability and mortality remained unchanged. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that LC significantly increased (P < 0.05) the testicular immunopositivity of MT1 and MT2. Moreover, the administration of LC to the aged cocks enhanced (P < 0.05) GnRH1 and GnRHR mRNA levels when compared with untreated cocks. The results of the present study suggest that LC treatment of aged cocks increases the seminal antioxidant enzymes and sexual hormones levels, which may improve the semen quality by increasing the expression of GnRH1 and melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) activities. Collectively, LC could be a suitable feed supplementation to increase reproductive activities through enhancing semen quality in aging cocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmotaleb A Elokil
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education and Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.,Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor 13736, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Ali A Bhuiyan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education and Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.,Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar 1341, and Department of Livestock Services, Farmgate 1215, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hua-Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education and Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Mona N Hussein
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education and Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.,Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Moshtohor 13736, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Hafiz I Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education and Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Syed A Azmal
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education and Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.,Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar 1341, and Department of Livestock Services, Farmgate 1215, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Liubin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education and Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education and Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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24
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Boughanem H, Cabrera-Mulero A, Millán-Gómez M, Garrido-Sánchez L, Cardona F, Tinahones FJ, Moreno-Santos I, Macías-González M. Transcriptional Analysis of FOXO1, C/EBP-α and PPAR-γ2 Genes and Their Association with Obesity-Related Insulin Resistance. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090706. [PMID: 31547433 PMCID: PMC6770962 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with several comorbid disorders, ranging from cardiovascular diseases to insulin resistance. In this context, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) seems to have a close connection with insulin resistance. In our study, we hypothesized that the expression profile of key adipogenic genes, such as proliferator-activated receptor γ type 2 (PPAR-γ2), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein type α (C/EBP-α), and forkhead box protein class O type 1 (FOXO1) in VAT should shed light on their association with obesity-related insulin resistance. METHODS To test this idea, we studied the expression profile of C/EBP-α, FOXO1 and PPAR-γ2 in VAT from non-obese individuals, and low insulin (LIR-MO) and high insulin morbidly obese (HIR-MO) subjects, through a combination of RT-qPCR, co-immunoprecipitation, ELISA, Western blot analysis and EMSA assays. RESULTS Our results show that C/EBP-α and PPAR-γ2 were down-expressed in HIR-MO individuals, while FOXO1 was overexpressed. In addition, the PPAR-γ2-RXR-α heterodimer showed weak activity and bound weakly to the putative IGFBP-2-PPRE promoter sequence in VAT from HIR-MO subjects when compared with LIR-MO individuals. CONCLUSIONS These results show that PPAR-γ2, C/EBP-α, FOXO1 and IGFBP-2 have a close relationship with insulin resistance in VAT of morbidly obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatim Boughanem
- Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Science, University of Malaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Amanda Cabrera-Mulero
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, University of Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain.
- CIBEROBN (CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03/0018), "Instituto de Salud Carlos III", 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Millán-Gómez
- CIBERCV (CIBER in cardiovascular diseases), "Instituto de Salud Carlos III", 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Área del Corazón, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, University of Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, University of Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain.
- CIBEROBN (CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03/0018), "Instituto de Salud Carlos III", 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Cardona
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, University of Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain.
- CIBEROBN (CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03/0018), "Instituto de Salud Carlos III", 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco José Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, University of Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain.
- CIBEROBN (CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03/0018), "Instituto de Salud Carlos III", 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Moreno-Santos
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, University of Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Manuel Macías-González
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, University of Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain.
- CIBEROBN (CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03/0018), "Instituto de Salud Carlos III", 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Wang C, Yang J, Pan Q, Yu S, Luo R, Liu H, Li H, Cong L, Ran C. Screening of reference genes using real-time quantitative PCR for gene expression studies in Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes (Acari: Phytoseiidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2019; 109:443-452. [PMID: 30370873 DOI: 10.1017/s000748531800072x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A stable reference gene is a key prerequisite for accurate assessment of gene expression. At present, the real-time reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction has been widely used in the analysis of gene expression in a variety of organisms. Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is a major predator of mites on many important economically crops. Until now, however, there are no reports evaluating the stability of reference genes in this species. In view of this, we used GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder software tools to evaluate the expression stability of 11 candidate reference genes in developmental stages and under various abiotic stresses. According to our results, β-ACT and Hsp40 were the top two stable reference genes in developmental stages. The Hsp60 and Hsp90 were the most stable reference genes in various acaricides stress. For alterations in temperature, Hsp40 and α-TUB were the most suitable reference genes. About UV stress, EF1α and α-TUB were the best choice, and for the different prey stress, β-ACT and α-TUB were best suited. In normal conditions, the β-ACT and α-TUB were the two of the highest stable reference genes to respond to all kinds of stresses. The current study provided a valuable foundation for the further analysis of gene expression in N. barkeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - J Yang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Q Pan
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - S Yu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - R Luo
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - H Liu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - H Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - L Cong
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - C Ran
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400712, China
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26
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Yang T, Gu B, Xu G, Shi Y, Shen H, Rao R, Mzuka HL. Identification of candidate reference genes for qRT-PCR normalization studies of salinity stress and injury in Onchidium reevesii. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6834. [PMID: 31086748 PMCID: PMC6487802 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) is an undeniably effective tool for measuring levels of gene expression, but the accuracy and reliability of the statistical data obtained depend mainly on the basal expression of selected housekeeping genes in many samples. To date, there have been few analyses of stable housekeeping genes in Onchidium reevesii under salinity stress and injury. In this study, the gene expression stabilities of seven commonly used housekeeping genes, CYC, RPL28S, ACTB, TUBB, EF1a, Ubiq and 18S RNA, were investigated using BestKeeper, geNorm, NormFinder and RefFinfer. Although the results of the four programs varied to some extent, in general, RPL28S, TUBB, ACTB and EF1a were ranked highly. ACTB and TUBB were found to be the most stable housekeeping genes under salinity stress, and EF1a plus TUBB was the most stable combination under injury stress. When analysing target gene expression in different tissues, RPL28S or EF1a should be selected as the reference gene according to the level of target gene expression. Under extreme environmental stress (salinity) conditions, ACTB (0 ppt, 5 ppt, 15 ppt, 25 ppt) and TUBB (35 ppt) are reasonable reference gene choices when expression stability and abundance are considered. Under conditions of 15 ppt salinity and injury stress, our results showed that the best two-gene combination was TUBB plus EF1a. Therefore, we suggest that RPL28S, ACTB and TUBB are suitable reference genes for evaluating mRNA transcript levels. Based on candidate gene expression analysis, the tolerance of O. reevesii to low salinity (low osmotic pressure) is reduced compared to its tolerance to high salinity (high osmotic pressure). These findings will help researchers obtain accurate results in future quantitative gene expression analyses of O. reevesii under other stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teizhu Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingning Gu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai, China
| | - Guolyu Xu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmei Shi
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai, China
| | - Heding Shen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongcheng Rao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai, China
| | - Hellen Lucas Mzuka
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai, China
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27
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Vincent V, Thakkar H, Aggarwal S, Mridha AR, Ramakrishnan L, Singh A. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression in adipose tissue and its modulation with insulin resistance in obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:275-284. [PMID: 30881070 PMCID: PMC6395069 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s186565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Adipose tissue dysfunction is at the center of metabolic dysfunctions associated with obesity. Through studies in isolated adipocytes and mouse models, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression in the adipose tissue has been shown to regulate high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels in the circulation and insulin sensitivity at both adipose tissue and whole-body levels. We aimed to explore the possible link between ABCA1 expression in the adipose tissue and metabolic derangements associated with obesity in humans. PATIENTS AND METHODS This exploratory study among individuals who were lean (body mass index [BMI]: 22.3±0.34 kg/m2, n=28) and obese (BMI: 44.48±5.3 kg/m2, n=34) compared the expression of ABCA1, adiponectin and GLUT4 (SLC2A4) in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue using quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and adipose tissue insulin resistance (adipo-IR) were used as insulin resistance markers. RESULTS Visceral adipose tissue from individuals who were obese had significantly lower ABCA1 (P=0.04 for mRNA and protein) and adiponectin (P=0.001 for mRNA) expression compared to that from lean individuals. Subcutaneous adipose tissue did not show any significant difference in the expression. When individuals were divided into insulin-sensitive (IS) and insulin-resistant (IR) groups based on HOMA-IR, IR individuals had lower ABCA1 (P=0.0001 for mRNA and P=0.009 for protein) expression compared to IS individuals in visceral adipose tissue, but not in subcutaneous adipose tissue. The difference was significant after adjusting for age, gender and BMI. ABCA1 mRNA expression in visceral adipose tissue correlated negatively with both HOMA-IR (r=-0.44, P=0.0003) and adipo-IR (r=-0.35, P=0.005) after adjusting for age, gender and BMI. ABCA1 expression in either visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue did not have any significant correlation with HDL cholesterol levels or mean adipocyte area. CONCLUSION Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with lower expression of ABCA1 in visceral adipose tissue in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinnyfred Vincent
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,
| | - Himani Thakkar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,
| | - Sandeep Aggarwal
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Asit Ranjan Mridha
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lakshmy Ramakrishnan
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archna Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,
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28
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Rakotoarivelo V, Lacraz G, Mayhue M, Brown C, Rottembourg D, Fradette J, Ilangumaran S, Menendez A, Langlois MF, Ramanathan S. Inflammatory Cytokine Profiles in Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues of Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery Reveal Lack of Correlation With Obesity or Diabetes. EBioMedicine 2018; 30:237-247. [PMID: 29548899 PMCID: PMC5952229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Population studies have linked insulin resistance to systemic low-grade chronic inflammation and have reported elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6, individually or in certain combinations, in adipose tissues or in the serum. We undertook this comprehensive study to simultaneously evaluate the expression of several pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in serum and in the visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues from obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. We observed that several inflammatory cytokines implicated in obesity-associated inflammation showed no significant difference in protein or gene expression between obese patients with or without diabetes and control groups. IL1B gene expression was significantly elevated in the visceral adipose tissues of obese patients, but did not correlate with their diabetes status. Despite the significant increase in IL1B expression in the obese group, a significant proportion of obese patients did not express TNFA, IL1B or IL6 in visceral adipose tissues. Certain inflammatory cytokines showed correlation with the chemokine CCL2 and VEGF-A in visceral adipose tissues. Our findings suggest that the inflammatory cytokine profile in metabolic syndrome is more complex than what is currently perceived and that chronic inflammation in obese patients likely results from incremental contribution from different cytokines and possibly other inflammatory mediators from within and outside the adipose tissues. It is possible that this obesity associated chronic inflammation is not predicted by a single mediator, but rather includes a large spectrum of possible profiles. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues do not express similar pattern of cytokines. VAT and SAT tissues from 30% of the obese patients do not express TNFA, IL6 or IL1B. Protein levels and gene expression do not necessarily correlate in VAT or SAT. The expression pattern of inflammatory mediators may present a larger spectrum than predicted from animal models.
Obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic diseases are associated with a low-grade chronic inflammation. Various inflammatory mediators have been shown to mediate this inflammation. In this study we analyzed the expression of many of these inflammatory mediators in the visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues obtained from patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Our results suggest that the profile of inflammatory mediators expressed in adipose tissue is diverse and varies from one patient to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volatiana Rakotoarivelo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Gregory Lacraz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marian Mayhue
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Brown
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Diane Rottembourg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Fradette
- Department of Surgery, Université laval, CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alfredo Menendez
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-France Langlois
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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29
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Guan L, Gong D, Yang S, Shen N, Zhang S, Li Y, Wu Q, Yuan B, Sun Y, Dai N, Zhu L, Zou Y. Genipin ameliorates diet-induced obesity via promoting lipid mobilization and browning of white adipose tissue in rats. Phytother Res 2018; 32:723-732. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Guan
- Department of Physiology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116044 China
| | - Dezheng Gong
- Department of Physiology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116044 China
| | - Sirao Yang
- Department of Physiology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116044 China
| | - Nana Shen
- Department of Physiology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116044 China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Department of Physiology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116044 China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Physiology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116044 China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Physiology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116044 China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Physiology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116044 China
| | - Yiping Sun
- Department of Physiology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116044 China
| | - Ning Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology; First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Physiology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116044 China
| | - Yuan Zou
- Department of Physiology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116044 China
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30
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Selection of internal references for qRT-PCR assays of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20171281. [PMID: 29180379 PMCID: PMC5741833 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Selecting internal references is important for normalizing the loading quantity of samples in quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). In the present study, a systematic evaluation of reference genes among nine hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines was conducted. After screening the microarray assay data of ten HCC cell lines, 19 candidate reference genes were preselected and then evaluated by qRT-PCR, together with ACTB, GAPDH, HPRT1 and TUBB The expression evenness of these candidate genes was evaluated using RefFinder. The stabilities of the reference genes were further evaluated under different experimental perturbations in Huh-7 and MHCC-97L, and the applicability of the reference genes was assessed by measuring the mRNA expression of CCND1, CCND3, CDK4 and CDK6 under sorafenib treatment in Huh-7. Results showed that TFG and SFRS4 are among the most reliable reference genes, and ACTB ranks third and acts quite well as a classical choice, whereas GAPDH, HPRT1 and TUBB are not proper reference genes in qRT-PCR assays among the HCC cell lines. SFRS4, YWHAB, SFRS4 and CNPY3 are the most stable reference genes of the MHCC-97L under the perturbations of chemotherapy, oxidative stress, starvation and hypoxia respectively, whereas YWHAB is the most stable one of Huh-7 under all perturbations. GAPDH is recommended as a reference gene under chemotherapy perturbations. YWHAB and UBE2B, TMED2 and TSFM, and GAPDH and TSFM are the two best reference genes under oxidative stress, starvation and hypoxia perturbations respectively. TSFM is stable in both cell lines across all the perturbations.
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Role of the adipose PPARγ-adiponectin axis in susceptibility to stress and depression/anxiety-related behaviors. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1056-1068. [PMID: 27956741 PMCID: PMC5468488 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive responses to stressful stimuli involving behavioral, emotional and metabolic changes are orchestrated by the nervous and endocrine systems. Adipose tissue has been recognized as a highly active metabolic and endocrine organ, secreting adipokines that operate as hormones to mediate the crosstalk with other organs including the brain. The role of adipose tissue in sensing and responding to emotional stress and in behavioral regulation, however, remains largely unknown. The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a key transcriptional factor controlling adipokine gene expression. Here we show that chronic social defeat stress decreases messenger RNA and protein levels of PPARγ in adipose tissue of susceptible but not resilient mice, which was correlated with social avoidance behavior. A corresponding reduction in adipose adiponectin production was observed in susceptible mice. Rosiglitazone, a blood-brain barrier-impermeant PPARγ-selective agonist, elicited antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like behavioral effects in wild-type mice, with a concurrent increase in plasma adiponectin levels. These effects of rosiglitazone were absent in mice lacking adiponectin but having normal PPARγ expression in adipose tissue and brain. Moreover, pretreatment with the PPARγ-selective antagonist GW9662 blocked rosiglitazone-induced adiponectin expression and antidepressant/anxiolytic-like effects. Together, these results suggest that the behavioral responses to rosiglitazone are mediated through PPARγ-dependent induction of adiponectin. Our findings support an important role for the adipose PPARγ-adiponectin axis in susceptibility to stress and negative emotion-related behaviors. Selectively targeting PPARγ in adipose tissue may offer novel strategies for combating depression and anxiety.
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32
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Reference genes for quantitative PCR in the adipose tissue of mice with metabolic disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:948-955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Identification of stable housekeeping genes in response to ionizing radiation in cancer research. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43763. [PMID: 28262749 PMCID: PMC5338320 DOI: 10.1038/srep43763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Housekeeping genes (HKGs) are essential for basic maintenance of a variety of cellular processes. They ideally maintain uniform expression independent of experimental conditions. However, the effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on HKG expression is unclear. Statistical algorithms, geNorm and Normfinder were used for estimating the stability of HKGs as raw quantification cycle (Cq) values were not a reliable factor for normalization. Head and neck, non-small lung and pancreas cells were exposed to 2, 4 and 6 Gy IR doses and expression of fourteen HKGs was measured at 5 min to 48 h post-irradiation within a given tissue. Paired and single cell line analyses under these experimental conditions identified TATA-Box Binding Protein (TBP) and Importin 8 (IPO8) to be stable in non-small cell lung cancer. In addition to these two genes, Ubiquitin C (UBC) in head and neck cancer and Transferrin receptor (TFRC) and β-Glucuronidase (GUSB) in pancreatic cancer were identified to be stable as well. In summary we present a resource for top ranked five stable HKGs and their transcriptional behavior in commonly used cancer model cell lines and suggest the use of multiple HKGs under radiation treatment conditions is a reliable metric for quantifying gene expression.
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Liu LF, Craig CM, Tolentino LL, Choi O, Morton J, Rivas H, Cushman SW, Engleman EG, McLaughlin T. Adipose tissue macrophages impair preadipocyte differentiation in humans. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170728. [PMID: 28151993 PMCID: PMC5289462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The physiologic mechanisms underlying the relationship between obesity and insulin resistance are not fully understood. Impaired adipocyte differentiation and localized inflammation characterize adipose tissue from obese, insulin-resistant humans. The directionality of this relationship is not known, however. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether adipose tissue inflammation is causally-related to impaired adipocyte differentiation. METHODS Abdominal subcutaneous(SAT) and visceral(VAT) adipose tissue was obtained from 20 human participants undergoing bariatric surgery. Preadipocytes were isolated, and cultured in the presence or absence of CD14+ macrophages obtained from the same adipose tissue sample. Adipocyte differentiation was quantified after 14 days via immunofluorescence, Oil-Red O, and adipogenic gene expression. Cytokine secretion by mature adipocytes cultured with or without CD14+macrophages was quantified. RESULTS Adipocyte differentiation was significantly lower in VAT than SAT by all measures (p<0.001). With macrophage removal, SAT preadipocyte differentiation increased significantly as measured by immunofluorescence and gene expression, whereas VAT preadipocyte differentiation was unchanged. Adipocyte-secreted proinflammatory cytokines were higher and adiponectin lower in media from VAT vs SAT: macrophage removal reduced inflammatory cytokine and increased adiponectin secretion from both SAT and VAT adipocytes. Differentiation of preadipocytes from SAT but not VAT correlated inversely with systemic insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS The current results reveal that proinflammatory immune cells in human SAT are causally-related to impaired preadipocyte differentiation, which in turn is associated with systemic insulin resistance. In VAT, preadipocyte differentiation is poor even in the absence of tissue macrophages, pointing to inherent differences in fat storage potential between the two depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fen Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Colleen M. Craig
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | | | - Okmi Choi
- Stanford Blood Center, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - John Morton
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Homero Rivas
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Samuel W. Cushman
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Edgar G. Engleman
- Stanford Blood Center, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Tracey McLaughlin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
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Kim BS, Tilstam PV, Springenberg-Jung K, Boecker AH, Schmitz C, Heinrichs D, Hwang SS, Stromps JP, Ganse B, Kopp R, Knobe M, Bernhagen J, Pallua N, Bucala R. Characterization of adipose tissue macrophages and adipose-derived stem cells in critical wounds. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2824. [PMID: 28070458 PMCID: PMC5217526 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Subcutaneous adipose tissue is a rich source of adipose tissue macrophages and adipose-derived stem cells which both play a key role in wound repair. While macrophages can be divided into the classically-activated M1 and the alternatively-activated M2 phenotype, ASCs are characterized by the expression of specific stem cell markers. Methods In the present study, we have investigated the expression of common macrophage polarization and stem cell markers in acutely inflamed adipose tissue. Subcutaneous adipose tissue adjacent to acutely inflamed wounds of 20 patients and 20 healthy subjects were harvested and underwent qPCR and flow cytometry analysis. Results Expression levels of the M1-specific markers CD80, iNOS, and IL-1b were significantly elevated in inflammatory adipose tissue when compared to healthy adipose tissue, whereas the M2-specific markers CD163 and TGF-β were decreased. By flow cytometry, a significant shift of adipose tissue macrophage populations towards the M1 phenotype was confirmed. Furthermore, a decrease in the mesenchymal stem cell markers CD29, CD34, and CD105 was observed whereas CD73 and CD90 remained unchanged. Discussion This is the first report describing the predominance of M1 adipose tissue macrophages and the reduction of stem cell marker expression in acutely inflamed, non-healing wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Sung Kim
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, United States.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Katrin Springenberg-Jung
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Arne Hendrick Boecker
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Corinna Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Heinrichs
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Soo Seok Hwang
- Department of Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Jan Philipp Stromps
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bergita Ganse
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma Surgery, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruedger Kopp
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Knobe
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma Surgery, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Juergen Bernhagen
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Pallua
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, United States
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Gentile AM, Lhamyani S, Coín-Aragüez L, Oliva-Olivera W, Zayed H, Vega-Rioja A, Monteseirin J, Romero-Zerbo SY, Tinahones FJ, Bermúdez-Silva FJ, El Bekay R. RPL13A and EEF1A1 Are Suitable Reference Genes for qPCR during Adipocyte Differentiation of Vascular Stromal Cells from Patients with Different BMI and HOMA-IR. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157002. [PMID: 27304673 PMCID: PMC4909211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time or quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a useful technique that requires reliable reference genes for data normalization in gene expression analysis. Adipogenesis is among the biological processes suitable for this technique. The selection of adequate reference genes is essential for qPCR gene expression analysis of human Vascular Stromal Cells (hVSCs) during their differentiation into adipocytes. To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies validating reference genes for the analyses of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue hVSCs from subjects with different Body Mass Index (BMI) and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index. The present study was undertaken to analyze this question. We first analyzed the stability of expression of five potential reference genes: CYC, GAPDH, RPL13A, EEF1A1, and 18S ribosomal RNA, during in vitro adipogenic differentiation, in samples from these types of patients. The expression of RPL13A and EEF1A1 was not affected by differentiation, thus being these genes the most stable candidates, while CYC, GAPDH, and 18S were not suitable for this sort of analysis. This work highlights that RPL13A and EEF1A1 are good candidates as reference genes for qPCR analysis of hVSCs differentiation into adipocytes from subjects with different BMI and HOMA-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Said Lhamyani
- IBIMA, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29010, Málaga, España
| | - Leticia Coín-Aragüez
- CIBER Pathophysiology of obesity and nutrition CB06/03, Carlos III Health Institute, Malaga, 29010, Spain, Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Málaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Wilfredo Oliva-Olivera
- CIBER Pathophysiology of obesity and nutrition CB06/03, Carlos III Health Institute, Malaga, 29010, Spain, Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Málaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Health Sciences Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Antonio Vega-Rioja
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Alergia Intercentros, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- * E-mail: (AVR); (FJBS); (REB)
| | - Javier Monteseirin
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Alergia Intercentros, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Silvana-Yanina Romero-Zerbo
- Unidad de Gestion Clínica Intercentros de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, 29009, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco-José Tinahones
- CIBER Pathophysiology of obesity and nutrition CB06/03, Carlos III Health Institute, Malaga, 29010, Spain, Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Málaga, 29010, Spain
- Endocrinology Service, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Malaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Francisco-Javier Bermúdez-Silva
- Unidad de Gestion Clínica Intercentros de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, 29009, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Málaga, Spain
- * E-mail: (AVR); (FJBS); (REB)
| | - Rajaa El Bekay
- CIBER Pathophysiology of obesity and nutrition CB06/03, Carlos III Health Institute, Malaga, 29010, Spain, Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Málaga, 29010, Spain
- * E-mail: (AVR); (FJBS); (REB)
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Validation of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in valproic acid rat models of autism. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:837-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Brune JE, Kern M, Kunath A, Flehmig G, Schön MR, Lohmann T, Dressler M, Dietrich A, Fasshauer M, Kovacs P, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Klöting N. Fat depot-specific expression of HOXC9 and HOXC10 may contribute to adverse fat distribution and related metabolic traits. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:51-9. [PMID: 26647900 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Independent previous studies in both rodents and humans suggest a role of developmental genes in the origin of obesity and body fat distribution. Here, the hypothesis that human adipose tissue (AT) expression of the developmental genes homeobox transcription factors C9 (HOXC9) and C10 (HOXC10) is fat depot-specific and related to obesity-related traits was tested. METHODS In 636 individuals, HOXC9 and HOXC10 mRNA expression was investigated in paired abdominal subcutaneous (SC) and omental AT samples in relation to a wide range of age, BMI, fat distribution, and metabolic parameters and in subfractions of isolated adipocytes and cells of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF). RESULTS HOXC9 and HOXC10 mRNA expression is significantly higher in SC compared to omental AT. HOXC9 and HOXC10 mRNA expression significantly correlates with body fat mass, even after adjustment for age and gender. In smaller subgroups (depending on the availability of data), fat depot-related significant gender- and BMI-independent associations between HOXC9 and HOXC10 gene expression and parameters of glucose metabolism and AT biology were found (e.g., adipocyte size). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data suggest that HOXC9 and HOXC10 may play an important role in the development of obesity, adverse fat distribution, and subsequent alterations in whole-body metabolism and AT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob E Brune
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Kern
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Kunath
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gesine Flehmig
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael R Schön
- Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Clinic of Visceral Surgery, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | - Arne Dietrich
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Peter Kovacs
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Differential expression of six chicken genes associated with fatness traits in a divergently selected broiler population. Mol Cell Probes 2015; 30:1-5. [PMID: 26746358 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A genome-wide association study has shown a number of chicken (Gallus gallus) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to be significantly associated with abdominal fat content in Northeast Agricultural University (NEAU) broiler lines selected divergently for abdominal fat content (NEAUHLF). The six significant SNPs are located in the kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), tumor suppressor candidate 3 (TUSC3), phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (PPAT), exocyst complex component 1 (EXOC1), v-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (avian)-like 2 (MYBL2) and KIAA1211 (undefined) genes. In this study, the expression levels of these genes were investigated in both abdominal fat and liver tissues using 32 14th generation chickens from the NEAUHLF. The levels of expression of KDR in abdominal fat and KDR and TUSC3 in liver differed significantly between the two lines. The expression level of KDR in the abdominal fat was significantly correlated with the abdominal fat weight (AFW) and abdominal fat percentage (AFP). The expression levels of KDR, TUSC3 and PPAT in liver were significantly correlated with AFW and AFP, indicating that the six genes, especially KDR and TUSC3, could be associated with fat traits in domestic chickens. This study could provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the formation of abdominal fat in chickens.
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40
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Validation of Housekeeping Genes to Study Human Gingival Stem Cells and Their In Vitro Osteogenic Differentiation Using Real-Time RT-qPCR. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:6261490. [PMID: 26880978 PMCID: PMC4736224 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6261490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingival stem cells (GSCs) are recently isolated multipotent cells. Their osteogenic capacity has been validated in vitro and may be transferred to human cell therapy for maxillary large bone defects, as they share a neural crest cell origin with jaw bone cells. RT-qPCR is a widely used technique to study gene expression and may help us to follow osteoblast differentiation of GSCs. For accurate results, the choice of reliable housekeeping genes (HKGs) is crucial. The aim of this study was to select the most reliable HKGs for GSCs study and their osteogenic differentiation (dGSCs). The analysis was performed with ten selected HKGs using four algorithms: ΔCt comparative method, GeNorm, BestKeeper, and NormFinder. This study demonstrated that three HKGs, SDHA, ACTB, and B2M, were the most stable to study GSC, whereas TBP, SDHA, and ALAS1 were the most reliable to study dGSCs. The comparison to stem cells of mesenchymal origin (ASCs) showed that SDHA/HPRT1 were the most appropriate for ASCs study. The choice of suitable HKGs for GSCs is important as it gave access to an accurate analysis of osteogenic differentiation. It will allow further study of this interesting stem cells source for future human therapy.
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Mardinoglu A, Heiker JT, Gärtner D, Björnson E, Schön MR, Flehmig G, Klöting N, Krohn K, Fasshauer M, Stumvoll M, Nielsen J, Blüher M. Extensive weight loss reveals distinct gene expression changes in human subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14841. [PMID: 26434764 PMCID: PMC4593186 DOI: 10.1038/srep14841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight loss has been shown to significantly improve Adipose tissue (AT) function, however changes in AT gene expression profiles particularly in visceral AT (VAT) have not been systematically studied. Here, we tested the hypothesis that extensive weight loss in response to bariatric surgery (BS) causes AT gene expression changes, which may affect energy and lipid metabolism, inflammation and secretory function of AT. We assessed gene expression changes by whole genome expression chips in AT samples obtained from six morbidly obese individuals, who underwent a two step BS strategy with sleeve gastrectomy as initial and a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass as second step surgery after 12 ± 2 months. Global gene expression differences in VAT and subcutaneous (S)AT were analyzed through the use of genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) for adipocytes. Significantly altered gene expressions were PCR-validated in 16 individuals, which also underwent a two-step surgery intervention. We found increased expression of cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector a (CIDEA), involved in formation of lipid droplets in both fat depots in response to significant weight loss. We observed that expression of the genes associated with metabolic reactions involved in NAD+, glutathione and branched chain amino acid metabolism are significantly increased in AT depots after surgery-induced weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Mardinoglu
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John T Heiker
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Gärtner
- Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Clinic of Visceral Surgery, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Elias Björnson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael R Schön
- Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Clinic of Visceral Surgery, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gesine Flehmig
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Junior Research Group 2 "Animal models of obesity"
| | - Knut Krohn
- Core Unit DNA-Technologies, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Klinische Forschung (IZKF) Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Blüher
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
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Adenovirus 36 DNA in human adipose tissue. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:1761-4. [PMID: 26293231 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested a possible correlation between obesity and adenovirus 36 (Adv36) infection in humans. As information on adenoviral DNA presence in human adipose tissue are limited, we evaluated the presence of Adv36 DNA in adipose tissue of 21 adult overweight or obese patients. Total DNA was extracted from adipose tissue biopsies. Virus detection was performed using PCR protocols with primers against specific Adv36 fiber protein and the viral oncogenic E4orf1 protein nucleotide sequences. Sequences were aligned with the NCBI database and phylogenetic analyses were carried out with MEGA6 software. Adv36 DNA was found in four samples (19%). This study indicates that some individuals carry Adv36 in the visceral adipose tissue. Further studies are needed to determine the specific effect of Adv36 infection on adipocytes, the prevalence of Adv36 infection and its relationship with obesity in the perspective of developing a vaccine that could potentially prevent or mitigate infection.
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Validation of candidate reference genes for qRT-PCR studies in symbiotic and non-symbiotic Casuarina glauca Sieb. ex Spreng. under salinity conditions. Symbiosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-015-0330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wang X, Ma X, Huang L, Zhang X. Identification of the valid reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR in annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) under salt stress. Molecules 2015; 20:4833-47. [PMID: 25786166 PMCID: PMC6272566 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) is a cool-season annual grass cultivated worldwide for its high yield and quality. With the areas of saline soil increasing, investigation of the molecular mechanisms of annual ryegrass tolerance under salt stress has become a significant topic. qRT-PCR has been a predominant assay for determination of the gene expression, in which selecting a valid internal reference gene is a crucial step. The objective of present study was to evaluate and identify suitable reference genes for qRT-PCR in annual ryegrass under salt stress. The results calculated by RefFinder indicated that eEF1A(s) was the most stable reference gene in leaves, whereas EF1-a was the least stable; meanwhile, TBP-1 was the most optimal in roots and in all samples, and the eIF-5A shouldn’t be utilized for normalization of the gene expression. eEF1A(s) is more suitable than TBP-1 as reference gene in leaves when verified with P5CS1 and Cyt-Cu/Zn SOD genes. We should choose optimal reference genes in specific tissues instead of the most stable one selected from different conditions and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Grassland Science Department, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- Grassland Science Department, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Linkai Huang
- Grassland Science Department, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Grassland Science Department, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Stevia-derived compounds attenuate the toxic effects of ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver of obese mice: A transcriptomic and metabolomic study. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 77:22-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mehta R, Neupane A, Wang L, Goodman Z, Baranova A, Younossi ZM. Expression of NALPs in adipose and the fibrotic progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese subjects. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:208. [PMID: 25512222 PMCID: PMC4279907 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-014-0208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Visceral obesity is often accompanied by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Activation of NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing proteins (NALPs) may contribute to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by adipose and the obesity-associated progression of NAFLD to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Methods We analyzed visceral adipose expression of various NALPs and its downstream effectors caspase-1, ASC (Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD), IL-18 (Interleukin-18) and IL-1β (Interleukin- 1Beta) in obese subjects (BMI ≥ 35) with biopsy proven NAFLD. Results In adipose samples collected from NASH and pericellular fibrosis patients cohorts, expression levels of NALPs and IL-1β were lower than that in non-NASH patients. In portal fibrosis, the levels of mRNA encoding anti-inflammatory NALP6 were upregulated. The expression levels of all NALPs were significantly co-correlated. Circulating IL-18 levels were associated with increased liver injury markers AST and ALT and portal fibrosis. Conclusion Our observations point at a possible shift in inflammation and fibrotic response from adipose tissue to liver and a possible negative feedback regulation of tissue inflammation that may instigate NAFLD severity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12876-014-0208-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Mehta
- Betty and Guy Beatty Obesity and Liver Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA. .,Center for the Study of Chronic Metabolic Diseases, School of Systems Biology, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
| | - Arpan Neupane
- Betty and Guy Beatty Obesity and Liver Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA. .,Center for the Study of Chronic Metabolic Diseases, School of Systems Biology, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
| | - Lei Wang
- Betty and Guy Beatty Obesity and Liver Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA. .,Center for the Study of Chronic Metabolic Diseases, School of Systems Biology, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
| | - Zachary Goodman
- Betty and Guy Beatty Obesity and Liver Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA. .,Center for Liver Diseases and Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA.
| | - Ancha Baranova
- Betty and Guy Beatty Obesity and Liver Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA. .,Center for the Study of Chronic Metabolic Diseases, School of Systems Biology, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
| | - Zobair M Younossi
- Betty and Guy Beatty Obesity and Liver Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA. .,Center for Liver Diseases and Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA.
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Determining ACTB, ATP5B and RPL32 as optimal reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR studies of cryopreserved stallion semen. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 149:204-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Schoen K, Plendl J, Gabler C, Kaessmeyer S. Identification of stably expressed reference genes for RT-qPCR data normalization in defined localizations of cyclic bovine ovaries. Anat Histol Embryol 2014; 44:200-11. [PMID: 25092559 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ovaries are highly complex organs displaying morphological, molecular and functional differences between their cortical zona parenchymatosa and medullary zona vasculosa, and also between the different cyclic luteal stages. Objective of the present study was to validate expression stability of twelve putative reference genes (RGs) in bovine ovaries, considering the intrinsic heterogeneity of bovine ovarian tissue with regard to different luteal stages and intra-ovarian localizations. The focus was on identifying RGs, which are suitable to normalize RT-qPCR results of ovaries collected from clinical healthy cattle, irrespective of localization and the hormonal stage. Expression profiles of twelve potential reference genes (GAPDH, ACTB, YWHAZ, HPRT1, SDHA, UBA52, POLR2C, RPS9, ACTG2, H3F3B, RPS18 and RPL19) were analysed. Evaluation of gene expression differences was performed using genorm, normfinder, and bestkeeper software. The most stably expressed genes according to genorm, normfinder and bestkeeper approaches contained the candidates H3F3B, RPS9, YWHAZ, RPS18, POLR2C and UBA52. Of this group, the genes YWHAZ, H3F3B and RPS9 could be recommended as best-suited RGs for normalization purposes on healthy bovine ovaries irrespective of the luteal stage or intra-ovarian localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schoen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Plendl
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Gabler
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Kaessmeyer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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López-Landavery EA, Portillo-López A, Gallardo-Escárate C, Del Río-Portilla MA. Selection of reference genes as internal controls for gene expression in tissues of red abalone Haliotis rufescens (Mollusca, Vetigastropoda; Swainson, 1822). Gene 2014; 549:258-65. [PMID: 25101866 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The red abalone Haliotis rufescens is one of the most important species for aquaculture in Baja California, México, and despite this, few gene expression studies have been done in tissues such as gill, head and gonad. For this purpose, reverse transcription and quantitative real time PCR (RT-qPCR) is a powerful tool for gene expression evaluation. For a reliable analysis, however, it is necessary to select and validate housekeeping genes that allow proper transcription quantification. Stability of nine housekeeping genes (ACTB, BGLU, TUBB, CY, GAPDH, HPRTI, RPL5, SDHA and UBC) was evaluated in different tissues of red abalone (gill, head and gonad/digestive gland). Four-fold serial dilutions of cDNA (from 25 ngμL(-1) to 0.39 ngμL(-1)) were used to prepare the standard curve, and it showed gene efficiencies between 0.95 and 0.99, with R(2)=0.99. geNorm and NormFinder analysis showed that RPL5 and CY were the most stable genes considering all tissues, whereas in gill HPRTI and BGLU were most stable. In gonad/digestive gland, RPL5 and TUBB were the most stable genes with geNorm, while SDHA and HPRTI were the best using NormFinder. Similarly, in head the best genes were RPL5 and UBC with geNorm, and GAPDH and CY with NormFinder. The technical variability analysis with RPL5 and abalone gonad/digestive gland tissue indicated a high repeatability with a variation coefficient within groups ≤ 0.56% and between groups ≤ 1.89%. These results will help us for further research in reproduction, thermoregulation and endocrinology in red abalone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar A López-Landavery
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento de Acuicultura, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada N° 3918, Zona Playitas C.P 22860, Ensenada BC, Mexico
| | - Amelia Portillo-López
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Km 103 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, C.P 22860, Ensenada BC, Mexico
| | - Cristian Gallardo-Escárate
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, P. O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Miguel A Del Río-Portilla
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento de Acuicultura, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada N° 3918, Zona Playitas C.P 22860, Ensenada BC, Mexico.
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Zhang Y, Zhang XD, Liu X, Li YS, Ding JP, Zhang XR, Zhang YH. Reference gene screening for analyzing gene expression across goat tissue. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 26:1665-71. [PMID: 25049756 PMCID: PMC4092887 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) is one of the important methods for investigating the changes in mRNA expression levels in cells and tissues. Selection of the proper reference genes is very important when calibrating the results of real-time quantitative PCR. Studies on the selection of reference genes in goat tissues are limited, despite the economic importance of their meat and dairy products. We used real-time quantitative PCR to detect the expression levels of eight reference gene candidates (18S, TBP, HMBS, YWHAZ, ACTB, HPRT1, GAPDH and EEF1A2) in ten tissues types sourced from Boer goats. The optimal reference gene combination was selected according to the results determined by geNorm, NormFinder and Bestkeeper software packages. The analyses showed that tissue is an important variability factor in genes expression stability. When all tissues were considered, 18S, TBP and HMBS is the optimal reference combination for calibrating quantitative PCR analysis of gene expression from goat tissues. Dividing data set by tissues, ACTB was the most stable in stomach, small intestine and ovary, 18S in heart and spleen, HMBS in uterus and lung, TBP in liver, HPRT1 in kidney and GAPDH in muscle. Overall, this study provided valuable information about the goat reference genes that can be used in order to perform a proper normalisation when relative quantification by qRT-PCR studies is undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yun-Sheng Li
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jian-Ping Ding
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yun-Hai Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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