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Sen A, Karati D. An insight into thymidylate synthase inhibitor as anticancer agents: an explicative review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5437-5448. [PMID: 38446215 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Cancer, a widespread challenge to global health, remains a puzzle of intricate molecular dynamics. This review article delves into the mystery of cancer, with a keen focus on understanding the contributory role of thymidylate synthase (TS) in cancer. TS, a vital enzyme in DNA synthesis and repair, emerges as a significant player in the narrative of cancer development. The conversion of deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) to deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) is a major step in producing DNA. Numerous malignancies, including those of the breast, colon, lung, and ovary, have been linked to dysregulation of TS activity. Overexpression or mutations of TS lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumorigenesis molecular interactions and signalling pathways involving TS come under scrutiny, revealing the nuanced connections that propel its involvement in cancer progression. Beyond overexpression and mutations, there emerges a subtle layer of regulation that involves microRNAs (miRNAs). These tiny particles attach to the TS messenger RNA, causing translational repression or its degradation, which in turn affects TS activity. Moving towards the therapeutic realm, thymidylate synthase inhibition acts as a promising anti-cancer strategy. Targeting TS with small-molecule inhibitors could provide a novel approach to treat various cancers. By reducing the number of available nucleotides, TS inhibition would slow down or halt cancer cell division, thus depriving the tumor of the building blocks required for its proliferation and growth. The aim is to assess the viability and effectiveness of targeting TS to halt or slow down cancer progression. There is growing evidence that, in comparison to traditional TS inhibitors, few novel antifolate TS inhibitors are effective against a wider variety of neoplasms, such as lung carcinomas. It has been discovered that TS inhibitors increase cancer tissues' sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiation, increasing their vulnerability to these treatments. This article aims to provide a comprehensive insight into TS, examining its cellular details, detailing the heterocyclic moieties and molecular foundations, and providing a promising future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aratrika Sen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Kolkata, 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipanjan Karati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Kolkata, 700091, West Bengal, India.
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Sheikhnia F, Maghsoudi H, Majidinia M. The Critical Function of microRNAs in Developing Resistance against 5- Fluorouracil in Cancer Cells. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:601-617. [PMID: 37642002 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230825144150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Although there have been significant advancements in cancer treatment, resistance and recurrence in patients make it one of the leading causes of death worldwide. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an antimetabolite agent, is widely used in treating a broad range of human malignancies. The cytotoxic effects of 5-FU are mediated by the inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TYMS/TS), resulting in the suppression of essential biosynthetic activity, as well as the misincorporation of its metabolites into RNA and DNA. Despite its huge benefits in cancer therapy, the application of 5-FU in the clinic is restricted due to the occurrence of drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that act as negative regulators in many gene expression processes. Research has shown that changes in miRNA play a role in cancer progression and drug resistance. This review examines the role of miRNAs in 5-FU drug resistance in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Sheikhnia
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hossein Maghsoudi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Mafi A, Rezaee M, Hedayati N, Hogan SD, Reiter RJ, Aarabi MH, Asemi Z. Melatonin and 5-fluorouracil combination chemotherapy: opportunities and efficacy in cancer therapy. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:33. [PMID: 36759799 PMCID: PMC9912526 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined chemotherapy is a treatment method based on the simultaneous use of two or more therapeutic agents; it is frequently necessary to produce a more effective treatment for cancer patients. Such combined treatments often improve the outcomes over that of the monotherapy approach, as the drugs synergistically target critical cell signaling pathways or work independently at different oncostatic sites. A better prognosis has been reported in patients treated with combination therapy than in patients treated with single drug chemotherapy. In recent decades, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has become one of the most widely used chemotherapy agents in cancer treatment. This medication, which is soluble in water, is used as the first line of anti-neoplastic agent in the treatment of several cancer types including breast, head and neck, stomach and colon cancer. Within the last three decades, many studies have investigated melatonin as an anti-cancer agent; this molecule exhibits various functions in controlling the behavior of cancer cells, such as inhibiting cell growth, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting invasion. The aim of this review is to comprehensively evaluate the role of melatonin as a complementary agent with 5-FU-based chemotherapy for cancers. Additionally, we identify the potential common signaling pathways by which melatonin and 5-FU interact to enhance the efficacy of the combined therapy. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mafi
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- grid.411600.2School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Neda Hedayati
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sara Diana Hogan
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- grid.43582.380000 0000 9852 649XDepartment of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health. Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Mohammad-Hossein Aarabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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A Systematic Review of Clinical Validated and Potential miRNA Markers Related to the Efficacy of Fluoropyrimidine Drugs. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1360954. [PMID: 36051356 PMCID: PMC9427288 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1360954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Fluoropyrimidine drugs are the primary chemotherapy regimens in routine clinical practice of CRC. However, the survival rate of patients on fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy varies significantly among individuals. Biomarkers of fluoropyrimidine drugs'' efficacy are needed to implement personalized medicine. This review summarized fluoropyrimidine drug-related microRNA (miRNA) by affecting metabolic enzymes or showing the relevance of drug efficacy. We first outlined 42 miRNAs that may affect the metabolism of fluoropyrimidine drugs. Subsequently, we filtered another 41 miRNAs related to the efficacy of fluoropyrimidine drugs based on clinical trials. Bioinformatics analysis showed that most well-established miRNA biomarkers were significantly enriched in the cancer pathways instead of the fluoropyrimidine drug metabolism pathways. The result also suggests that the miRNAs screened from metastasis patients have a more critical role in cancer development than those from non-metastasis patients. There are five miRNAs shared between these two lists. The miR-21, miR-215, and miR-218 can suppress fluoropyrimidine drugs'' catabolism. The miR-326 and miR-328 can reduce the efflux of fluoropyrimidine drugs. These five miRNAs could jointly act by increasing intracellular levels of fluoropyrimidine drugs'' cytotoxic metabolites, leading to better chemotherapy responses. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the dynamic changes in the transcriptional regulation via miRNAs might play significant roles in the efficacy and toxicity of the fluoropyrimidine drug. The reported miRNA biomarkers would help evaluate the efficacy of fluoropyrimidine drug-based chemotherapy and improve the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients.
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Matuszyk J. MALAT1-miRNAs network regulate thymidylate synthase and affect 5FU-based chemotherapy. Mol Med 2022; 28:89. [PMID: 35922756 PMCID: PMC9351108 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The active metabolite of 5-Fluorouracil (5FU), used in the treatment of several types of cancer, acts by inhibiting the thymidylate synthase encoded by the TYMS gene, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in DNA replication. The major failure of 5FU-based cancer therapy is the development of drug resistance. High levels of TYMS-encoded protein in cancerous tissues are predictive of poor response to 5FU treatment. Expression of TYMS is regulated by various mechanisms, including involving non-coding RNAs, both miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Aim To delineate the miRNAs and lncRNAs network regulating the level of TYMS-encoded protein. Main body Several miRNAs targeting TYMS mRNA have been identified in colon cancers, the levels of which can be regulated to varying degrees by lncRNAs. Due to their regulation by the MALAT1 lncRNA, these miRNAs can be divided into three groups: (1) miR-197-3p, miR-203a-3p, miR-375-3p which are downregulated by MALAT1 as confirmed experimentally and the levels of these miRNAs are actually reduced in colon and gastric cancers; (2) miR-140-3p, miR-330-3p that could potentially interact with MALAT1, but not yet supported by experimental results; (3) miR-192-5p, miR-215-5p whose seed sequences do not recognize complementary response elements within MALAT1. Considering the putative MALAT1-miRNAs interaction network, attention is drawn to the potential positive feedback loop causing increased expression of MALAT1 in colon cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, where YAP1 acts as a transcriptional co-factor which, by binding to the TCF4 transcription factor/ β-catenin complex, may increase the activation of the MALAT1 gene whereas the MALAT1 lncRNA can inhibit miR-375-3p which in turn targets YAP1 mRNA. Conclusion The network of non-coding RNAs may reduce the sensitivity of cancer cells to 5FU treatment by upregulating the level of thymidylate synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Matuszyk
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 R. Weigla Street, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Micro-RNA-215 and -375 regulate thymidylate synthase protein expression in pleural mesothelioma and mediate epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Virchows Arch 2022; 481:233-244. [PMID: 35461395 PMCID: PMC9343276 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-022-03321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The standard front-line treatment for pleural mesothelioma (PM) is pemetrexed-based chemotherapy, whose major target is thymidylate synthase (TS). In several cancer models, miR-215 and miR-375 have been shown to target TS, while information on these miRNAs in PM are still limited although suggest their role in epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Seventy-one consecutive PM tissues (4 biphasic, 7 sarcomatoid, and 60 epithelioid types) and 16 commercial and patient-derived PM cell lines were screened for TS, miR-215, and miR-375 expression. REN and 570B cells were selected for miR-215 and miR-375 transient transfections to test TS modulation. ZEB1 protein expression in tumor samples was also tested. Moreover, genetic profile was investigated by means of BAP1 and p53 immunohistochemistry. Expression of both miR-215 and miR-375 was significantly higher in epithelioid histotype. Furthermore, inverse correlation between TS protein and both miR-215 and miR-375 expression was found. Efficiently transfected REN and 570B cell lines overexpressing miR-215 and miR-375 showed decreased TS protein levels. Epithelioid PM with a mesenchymal component highlighted by reticulin stain showed significantly higher TS and ZEB1 protein and lower miRNA expression. A better survival was recorded for BAP1 lost/TS low cases. Our data indicate that miR-215 and miR-375 are involved in TS regulation as well as in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in PM.
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Untargeted Metabolomics Showed Accumulation of One-Carbon Metabolites to Facilitate DNA Methylation during Extracellular Matrix Detachment of Cancer Cells. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030267. [PMID: 35323710 PMCID: PMC8951017 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells detached from the extracellular matrix (ECM) undergo anoikis resistance and metabolic reprogramming to facilitate cancer cell survival and promote metastasis. During ECM detachment, cancer cells utilize genomic methylation to regulate transcriptional events. One-carbon (1C) metabolism is a well-known contributor of SAM, a global substrate for methylation reactions, especially DNA methylation. DNA methylation-mediated repression of NK cell ligands MICA and MICB during ECM detachment has been overlooked. In the current work, we quantitated the impact of ECM detachment on one-carbon metabolites, expression of 1C regulatory pathway genes, and total methylation levels. Our results showed that ECM detachment promotes the accumulation of one-carbon metabolites and induces regulatory pathway genes and total DNA methylation. Furthermore, we measured the expression of well-known targets of DNA methylation in NK cell ligands in cancer cells, namely, MICA/B, during ECM detachment and observed low expression compared to ECM-attached cancer cells. Finally, we treated the ECM-detached cancer cells with vitamin C (a global methylation inhibitor) and observed a reduction in the promoter methylation of NK cell ligands, resulting in MICA/B re-expression. Treatment with vitamin C was also found to reduce global DNA methylation levels in ECM-detached cancer cells.
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Cui L, Yan L, Guan X, Dong B, Zhao M, Lv A, Liu D, Wang Z, Liu F, Wu J, Tian X, Hao C. Anti-Tumor Effect of Apatinib and Relevant Mechanisms in Liposarcoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:739139. [PMID: 34868934 PMCID: PMC8637299 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.739139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary retroperitoneal liposarcomas (RLPSs) are rare heterogeneous tumors for which there are few effective therapies. Certain anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy against various solid tumors. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of Apatinib against retroperitoneal liposarcoma cells and its underlying mechanism and to explore the anti-tumor efficacy of a combination of Apatinib and Epirubicin. Methods CD34 immunohistochemical staining was used to measure microvessel density (MVD) in 89 retroperitoneal liposarcoma tissues. We used CCK-8 cell proliferation, clone formation, Transwell migration, invasion assays and flow cytometry to evaluate the effects of Apatinib alone and the combination of Apatinib and Epirubicin on liposarcoma cells. High-throughput RNA sequencing and western-blotting was used to identify key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SW872 cell line after application of Apatinib. Murine patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) was established to assess the efficacy and safety of Apatinib monotherapy and the combination of Apatinib and Epirubicin in RLPS. Results The microvessel density (MVD) varied widely among retroperitoneal liposarcoma tissues. Compared with the low-MVD group, the high-MVD group had poorer overall survival. Apatinib inhibited the liposarcoma cell proliferation, invasion and migration, increased the proportion of apoptosis, and induced G1 phase arrest. In addition, the combination of Apatinib and Epirubicin enhanced the foregoing inhibitory effects. High-throughput RNA sequencing showed that Apatinib downregulated the expression of TYMS and RRM2. Western blotting verified that Apatinib downregulated the TYMS/STAT3/PD-L1 pathway and inhibited liposarcoma proliferation by suppressing the RRM2/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. In the murine PDX model of retroperitoneal liposarcoma, Apatinib and its combination with Epirubicin significantly inhibited microvessel formation and repressed tumor growth safely and effectively. Conclusions Apatinib and its combination with Epirubicin showed strong efficacy against liposarcoma both in vitro and in vivo. Apatinib might inhibit liposarcoma cell proliferation through the RRM2/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and downregulate PD-L1 via the TYMS/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixuan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoya Guan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Central Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Daoning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Faqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyi Hao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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All-Trans Retinoic Acid Enhances Chemosensitivity to 5-FU by Targeting miR-378c/E2F7 Axis in Colorectal Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:5338934. [PMID: 34335757 PMCID: PMC8318767 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5338934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC), a life-threatening malignancy, has been found to present resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cause a poor prognosis for patients. Previous studies have proved that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) could inhibit the development of CRC cells. In addition, miR-378c was discovered to exert a vital role in various cancers. In this study, we utilized MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), transwell assay, and flow cytometry to confirm that ATRA was able to enhance the inhibitory effects of 5-FU on HCT116 cells effectively by promoting cell apoptosis. Then, ENCORI database (http://starbase.sysu.edu.cn/) was employed to predict that miR-378c was downregulated dramatically in CRC and E2F7 was the direct target of miR-378c. QRT-PCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) was conducted to verify that the expression level of miR-378c was decreased while E2F7 expression was upregulated in CRC tissues compared with para-carcinoma tissues. Additionally, treatment of 5-FU combined with ATRA could increase miR-378c expression, whereas it decreased the expression of E2F7. Dual-Luciferase Reporter assay results revealed that miR-378c could regulate the load of E2F7 by binding to its 3′UTR directly. Furthermore, miR-378c inhibitor or vector with E2F7 partially counteracted the effects of 5-FU combined with ATRA on viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of HCT116 cells. In conclusion, our study aims to confirm that ATRA enhances chemosensitivity to 5-FU of patients with CRC and expound the potential molecular mechanisms.
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Schiliro C, Firestein BL. Mechanisms of Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer Cells Supporting Enhanced Growth and Proliferation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051056. [PMID: 33946927 PMCID: PMC8146072 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells alter metabolic processes to sustain their characteristic uncontrolled growth and proliferation. These metabolic alterations include (1) a shift from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis to support the increased need for ATP, (2) increased glutaminolysis for NADPH regeneration, (3) altered flux through the pentose phosphate pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle for macromolecule generation, (4) increased lipid uptake, lipogenesis, and cholesterol synthesis, (5) upregulation of one-carbon metabolism for the production of ATP, NADH/NADPH, nucleotides, and glutathione, (6) altered amino acid metabolism, (7) metabolism-based regulation of apoptosis, and (8) the utilization of alternative substrates, such as lactate and acetate. Altered metabolic flux in cancer is controlled by tumor-host cell interactions, key oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and other regulatory molecules, including non-coding RNAs. Changes to metabolic pathways in cancer are dynamic, exhibit plasticity, and are often dependent on the type of tumor and the tumor microenvironment, leading in a shift of thought from the Warburg Effect and the “reverse Warburg Effect” to metabolic plasticity. Understanding the complex nature of altered flux through these multiple pathways in cancer cells can support the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Schiliro
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Bonnie L. Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-848-445-8045
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Abak A, Tondro Anamag F, Shoorei H, Fattahi F, Javadinia SA, Basiri A, Taheri M. 5-Fluorouracil: A Narrative Review on the Role of Regulatory Mechanisms in Driving Resistance to This Chemotherapeutic Agent. Front Oncol 2021; 11:658636. [PMID: 33954114 PMCID: PMC8092118 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.658636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is among the mostly administrated chemotherapeutic agents for a wide variety of neoplasms. Non-coding RNAs have a central impact on the determination of the response of patients to 5-FU. These transcripts via modulation of cancer-related pathways, cell apoptosis, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and other aspects of cell behavior can affect cell response to 5-FU. Modulation of expression levels of microRNAs or long non-coding RNAs may be a suitable approach to sensitize tumor cells to 5-FU treatment via modulating multiple biological signaling pathways such as Hippo/YAP, Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, NF-kB, and Notch cascades. Moreover, there is an increasing interest in targeting these transcripts in various kinds of cancers that are treated by 5-FU. In the present article, we provide a review of the function of non-coding transcripts in the modulation of response of neoplastic cells to 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute for Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefe Abak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Faranak Fattahi
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Seyed Alireza Javadinia
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Abbas Basiri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Luo Y, Yang Z, Chen Y, Lu X, Quan Y. Genomic and immunological features of microsatellite instability in colon cancer. Gene 2021; 781:145534. [PMID: 33636290 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is closely related to the prognosis and therapy response of colon cancer. Colon cancer patients with MSI show resistance to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) but sensitivity to immunosuppressive checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The relevant mechanism behind the opposite response remains unclear. Multi-omics research data of colon cancer patients were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, GEO database, and DAFI dataset. Transcriptome data were normalized to gene expression data through the R software package "Limma". Somatic mutations data were analyzed and visualized through the R software package "maftools". CIBERSORT algorithm was used to estimate the relative proportion of 22 infiltrating immune cell types. We demonstrated MSI patients showed both overexpressed immune checkpoints (mRNA level) and activated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which may explain the satisfying response of ICIs. The additionally, we also demonstrated MSI promoted the mRNA expression of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) through regulating its copy number variation. As a main target of 5-FU, overexpressed TYMS promoted the resistance of 5-FU. Furthermore, we demonstrated MSI patients showed significantly increased somatic mutations compared with microsatellite stability (MSS) patients, except APC, TP53, and KRAS mutations. The substitutions and location of somatic mutations in different genes were at variance between MSS and MSI patients. In conclusion, our research determined mechanisms of MSI associated treatment response, and may provide potential value for improving the survival of colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Yusheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Xiaolan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Yingjun Quan
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China.
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Guo H, Li T, Sun X. LncRNA HOTAIRM1, miR-433-5p and PIK3CD function as a ceRNA network to exacerbate the development of PCOS. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:19. [PMID: 33485372 PMCID: PMC7827980 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00742-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, several non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were distinguished in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). This present study aims to explore the potential function of lncRNA HOTAIRM1/miR-433-5p/PIK3CD in ovarian granulosa cells. Methods We analyzed the expression profiles of HOTAIRM1, miR-433-5p and PIK3CD in PCOS samples by enquiring GEO database. GSEA was applied to enrich the pathways related to PCOS. The target association between HOTAIRM1 and miR-433-5p or the binding association between miR-433-5p and PIK3CD were assessed by online prediction tools and a dual luciferase reporter assay. qPCR and western blotting assays were used to detect PIK3CD expression after HOTAIRM1 and miR-433-5p treatment. The proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells were estimated by cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Results The expression profiles of HOTAIRM1 and PIK3CD were increased, whereas miR-433-5p was decreased in PCOS tissues. PIK3CD expression was positively regulated by HOTAIRM1 and negatively modulated by miR-433-5p. Overexpression of HOTAIRM1 reduced the proliferative ability and increased the apoptotic ability of granulosa cells, whereas upregulation of miR-433-5p or downregulation of PIK3CD reversed the effects of HOTAIRM1 on granulosa cells. Moreover, overexpression of miR-433-5 displayed a results with increasing proliferative ability and decreasing apoptotic ability, but upregulation of PIK3CD eliminated the function of miR-433-5p on granulosa cells. Conclusions Our findings illustrated that HOTAIRM1 could sponge miR-433-5p to promote PIK3CD expression, thereby regulating the growth and apoptosis of granulose cells in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Guo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, NO.67, Dongchang West Road, Shandong Province, 252000, Liaocheng City, P. R. China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Bioengineering, Wuhu Institute of Technology, NO.201, Wenjin West Road, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, 241103, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Sun
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, NO.67, Dongchang West Road, Shandong Province, 252000, Liaocheng City, P. R. China.
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Xue J, Zhu X, Huang P, He Y, Xiao Y, Liu R, Zhao M. Expression of miR-129-5p and miR-433 in the serum of breast cancer patients and their relationship with clinicopathological features. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2771-2778. [PMID: 32782594 PMCID: PMC7400603 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of miR-129-5p and miR-433 was detected in breast cancer to explore the relationship with clinicopathological features of breast cancer. Seventy-eight patients with breast cancer diagnosed in Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University (Zhengzhou, China) from February 2016 to September 2017 were collected and enrolled into the research group. Additionally, 72 healthy people who underwent physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. The expression levels of miR-129-5p and miR-433 in peripheral blood of the two groups were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). The relationship between the expression of miR-129-5p, miR-433 and clinicopathological features, clinical stages of breast cancer, and the degree of differentiation were analyzed. Expression of miR-129-5p and miR-433 in the research group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Expression of miR-129-5p in the blood of breast cancer patients was correlated with tumor size, differentiation degree, lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion and clinical stages (P<0.05). Expression level of miR-433 was correlated with the degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion and clinical stages (P<0.05). miR-129-5p and miR-433 were positively correlated with differentiation degree (r=0.8507, r=0.7522; P<0.05), and negatively correlated with clinical stages (r=−0.6595, −0.8947; P<0.05). The sensitivity and area under curve (AUC) were higher in joint detection (87.5 and 0.95% respectively), compared with those in single detection. Patients were separated into high and low expression groups according to the median values of miR-129-5p and miR-433. The one-year survival rate of breast cancer patients was analyzed. Patients in the low expression groups had lower survival rates than patients in the high expression groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, the expression of miR-129-5p and miR-433 in peripheral blood of breast cancer patients is lower than that of healthy people, and the expression level is closely related to clinical stages and differentiation degree, which is expected to provide reference value for judging the state of breast cancer patients. The combined detection of miR-129-5p and miR-433 is of great significance in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Xue
- Department of Pathology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohan Zhu
- College of Nursing, Zheng Zhou Railway Vocational and Technical College, Zhengzhou, Henan 451460, P.R. China
| | - Pei Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yingying He
- Department of Pathology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Yanjing Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Ruihan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
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15
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Xu F, Ye ML, Zhang YP, Li WJ, Li MT, Wang HZ, Qiu X, Xu Y, Yin JW, Hu Q, Wei WH, Chang Y, Liu L, Zhao Q. MicroRNA-375-3p enhances chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil by targeting thymidylate synthase in colorectal cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1528-1541. [PMID: 32073706 PMCID: PMC7226198 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy is a major challenge for the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous studies have found that microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in drug resistance; however, the role of miRNA‐373‐3p (miR‐375‐3p) in CRC remains unclear. The current study aimed to explore the potential function of miR‐375‐3p in 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) resistance. MicroRNA‐375‐3p was found to be widely downregulated in human CRC cell lines and tissues and to promote the sensitivity of CRC cells to 5‐FU by inducing colon cancer cell apoptosis and cycle arrest and by inhibiting cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro. Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) was found to be a direct target of miR‐375‐3p, and TYMS knockdown exerted similar effects as miR‐375‐3p overexpression on the CRC cellular response to 5‐FU. Lipid‐coated calcium carbonate nanoparticles (NPs) were designed to cotransport 5‐FU and miR‐375‐3p into cells efficiently and rapidly and to release the drugs in a weakly acidic tumor microenvironment. The therapeutic effect of combined miR‐375 + 5‐FU/NPs was significantly higher than that of the individual treatments in mouse s.c. xenografts derived from HCT116 cells. Our results suggest that restoring miR‐375‐3p levels could be a future novel therapeutic strategy to enhance chemosensitivity to 5‐FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Liang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Peng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Jie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Ting Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Zhou Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Qiu
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Wen Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan-Hui Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
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Marengo B, Pulliero A, Izzotti A, Domenicotti C. miRNA Regulation of Glutathione Homeostasis in Cancer Initiation, Progression and Therapy Resistance. Microrna 2020; 9:187-197. [PMID: 31849293 PMCID: PMC7366003 DOI: 10.2174/2211536609666191218103220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant that contributes to regulating the cellular production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) which, maintained at physiological levels, can exert a function of second messengers in living organisms. In fact, it has been demonstrated that moderate amounts of ROS can activate the signaling pathways involved in cell growth and proliferation, while high levels of ROS induce DNA damage leading to cancer development. Therefore, GSH is a crucial player in the maintenance of redox homeostasis and its metabolism has a role in tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. Our recent studies demonstrated that neuroblastoma cells resistant to etoposide, a common chemotherapeutic drug, show a partial monoallelic deletion of the locus coding for miRNA 15a and 16-1 leading to a loss of these miRNAs and the activation of GSH-dependent responses. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the role of specific miRNAs in the modulation of intracellular GSH levels in order to take into consideration the use of modulators of miRNA expression as a useful strategy to better sensitize tumors to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Marengo
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Tel: +39 010 3538831; Fax: +39 010 3538836; E-mail:
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17
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Yan L, You WQ, Sheng NQ, Gong JF, Hu LD, Tan GW, Chen HQ, Wang ZG. A CREB1/miR-433 reciprocal feedback loop modulates proliferation and metastasis in colorectal cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3774-3793. [PMID: 30523220 PMCID: PMC6326693 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has indicated the prognostic value of miR-433 across a series of malignancy types. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in cancer progression haven’t been sufficiently elucidated. In the present work, we found that miR-433 was downregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-433 obviously suppressed the proliferation, invasion and metastasis activity of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. CREB1, CCAR1 and JNK1 were highly expressed and negatively correlated with miR-433 expression in CRC. CRC patients with higher expression of CREB1, CCAR1 or JNK1 presented a worse outcome relative to those with lower expression. CREB1 transactivated the expression of miR-433, and CREB1, CCAR1 and JNK1 simultaneously served as its targets, which in turn composed a feedback loop between CREB1 and miR-433. miR-433 blocked cell cycle progression and abolished EMT. Collectively, our study demonstrated the CREB1/miR-433 reciprocal feedback loop restrained the propagation, invasion and metastasis activities of CRC cells through abrogation of cell cycle progression and constraint of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Qiang You
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Neng-Quan Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Feng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan-Dian Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge-Wen Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Qi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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18
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Naghizadeh S, Mansoori B, Mohammadi A, Sakhinia E, Baradaran B. Gene Silencing Strategies in Cancer Therapy: An Update for Drug Resistance. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6282-6303. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180403141554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RNAi, post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism, could be considered as one of the
most important breakthroughs and rapidly growing fields in science. Researchers are trying to use this
discovery in the treatment of various diseases and cancer is one of them although there are multiple
treatment procedures for treatment-resistant cancers, eradication of resistance remain as an unsolvable
problem yet. The current review summarizes both transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing
mechanisms, and highlights mechanisms leading to drug-resistance such as, drug efflux, drug inactivation,
drug target alteration, DNA damages repair, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as
well as the role of tumor cell heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment, involving genes in these
processes. It ultimately points out the obstacles of RNAi application for in vivo treatment of diseases
and progressions that have been achieved in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Naghizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Sakhinia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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19
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Molecular and Kinetic Analyses of Circulating Tumor Cells as Predictive Markers of Treatment Response in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070641. [PMID: 31247977 PMCID: PMC6679115 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCRT) followed by total mesorectal excision is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). To justify a non-surgical approach, identification of pathologic complete response (pCR) is required. Analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be used to evaluate pCR. We hypothesize that monitoring of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) and excision repair protein, RAD23 homolog B (RAD23B), can be used to predict resistance to chemotherapy/radiotherapy. Therefore, the aims of this study were to analyze CTCs from patients with LARC who underwent NCRT plus surgery for expression of TYMS/RAD23B and to evaluate their predictive value. Blood samples from 30 patients were collected prior to NCRT (S1) and prior to surgery (S2). CTCs were isolated and quantified by ISET®, proteins were analyzed by immunocytochemistry, and TYMS mRNA was detected by chromogenic in situ hybridization. CTC counts decreased between S1 and S2 in patients exhibiting pCR (p = 0.02) or partial response (p = 0.01). Regarding protein expression, TYMS was absent in 100% of CTCs from patients with pCR (p = 0.001) yet was expressed in 83% of non-responders at S2 (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, RAD23B was expressed in CTCs from 75% of non-responders at S1 (p = 0.01) and in 100% of non-responders at S2 (p = 0.001). Surprisingly, 100% of non-responders expressed TYMS mRNA at both timepoints (p = 0.001). In addition, TYMS/RAD23B was not detected in the CTCs of patients exhibiting pCR (p = 0.001). We found 83.3% of sensitivity for TYMS mRNA at S1 (p = 0.001) and 100% for TYMS (p = 0.064) and RAD23B (p = 0.01) protein expression at S2. Thus, TYMS mRNA and/or TYMS/RAD23B expression in CTCs, as well as CTC kinetics, have the potential to predict non-response to NCRT and avoid unnecessary radical surgery for LARC patients with pCR.
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Sakatani A, Sonohara F, Goel A. Melatonin-mediated downregulation of thymidylate synthase as a novel mechanism for overcoming 5-fluorouracil associated chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:422-431. [PMID: 30590435 PMCID: PMC6514450 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been established as the first-line chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC); however, acquired chemoresistance is often the cause of poor therapeutic response. Melatonin is a molecule that is associated with circadian rhythms. Although antitumor effects of melatonin have been shown, the underlying mechanism(s) for its activity and its effect, if any, in chemoresistant CRC has not been studied. We aimed to investigate antitumor effects of melatonin, and more specifically its effect on molecular mechanisms in 5-FU resistant CRC cells. METHODS The cell growth was assessed in CRC cells, patient-derived organoids and 5-FU resistant CRC cells after treatments with melatonin. In addition, the expression of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) and microRNAs (miRNAs) that are targeting TYMS were examined. RESULTS We observed that melatonin inhibited the cell growth in 5-FU resistant CRC cells. In addition, we found that melatonin significantly promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, a combination of melatonin and 5-FU markedly enhanced 5-FU-mediated cytotoxicity in 5-FU resistant cells. In addition, melatonin significantly decreased the expression of TYMS. Interestingly, this effect was manifested through the simultaneous increase in the expression of miR-215-5p, for which, TYMS serves as the direct downstream target for this miRNA. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin facilitates overcoming 5-FU resistance through downregulation of TYMS. Melatonin may serve as a potential therapeutic option on its own, or in conjunction with 5-FU, in the treatment of patients with advanced or chemoresistant CRC.Melatonin inhibits the growth of 5-FU resistant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells through upregulation of miR-215-5p and a concomitant downregulation of TYMS. Melatonin may serve as a potential therapeutic option in the treatment of patients with advanced or chemoresistant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Sakatani
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research; Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sonohara
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research; Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research; Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Zhang L, Xue Z, Liu Q, Liu Y, Xi S, Cheng Y, Li J, Yan J, Shen Y, Xiao C, Xie Z, Qiu Z, Jiang H. Disrupted folate metabolism with anesthesia leads to myelination deficits mediated by epigenetic regulation of ERMN. EBioMedicine 2019; 43:473-486. [PMID: 31060905 PMCID: PMC6562069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to anesthetics during early life may impair cognitive functions. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. We set out to determine effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on folate metabolism and myelination in young non-human primates, mice and children. Methods Young rhesus macaque and mice received 2.5 to 3% sevoflurane daily for three days. DNA and RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry among others were used in the studies. We performed unbiased transcriptome profiling in prefrontal cortex of rhesus macaques and mice after the sevoflurane anesthesia. We constructed a brain blood barrier-crossing AAV-PHP.EB vector to harbor ERMN expression in rescue studies. We measured blood folate levels in children after anesthesia and surgery. Findings We found that thymidylate synthase (TYMS) gene was downregulated after the sevoflurane anesthesia in both rhesus macaque and mice. There was a reduction in blood folate levels in children after the anesthesia and surgery. Combined with transcriptome and genome-wide DNA methylation analysis, we identified that ERMN was the primary target of the disrupted folate metabolism. Myelination was compromised by the anesthesia in the young mice, which was rescued by systematic administration of folic acid or expression of ERMN in the brain through brain-specific delivery of the adeno-associated virus. Moreover, folic acid and expression of ERMN alleviated the cognitive impairment caused by the sevoflurane anesthesia in the mice. Interpretation General anesthesia leads to disrupted folate metabolism and subsequently defects in myelination in the developmental brain, and ERMN is the important target affected by the anesthesia via epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qidong Liu
- Anesthesia and Brain Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yunbo Liu
- The Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS & PUMC. Beijing, PR China
| | - Siwei Xi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yanyong Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jingjie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jia Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Anesthesia and Brain Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Chong Xiao
- The Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS & PUMC. Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Zilong Qiu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai, PR China.
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22
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Tsesmetzis N, Paulin CBJ, Rudd SG, Herold N. Nucleobase and Nucleoside Analogues: Resistance and Re-Sensitisation at the Level of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10070240. [PMID: 30041457 PMCID: PMC6071274 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimetabolites, in particular nucleobase and nucleoside analogues, are cytotoxic drugs that, starting from the small field of paediatric oncology, in combination with other chemotherapeutics, have revolutionised clinical oncology and transformed cancer into a curable disease. However, even though combination chemotherapy, together with radiation, surgery and immunotherapy, can nowadays cure almost all types of cancer, we still fail to achieve this for a substantial proportion of patients. The understanding of differences in metabolism, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tumour biology between patients that can be cured and patients that cannot, builds the scientific basis for rational therapy improvements. Here, we summarise current knowledge of how tumour-specific and patient-specific factors can dictate resistance to nucleobase/nucleoside analogues, and which strategies of re-sensitisation exist. We revisit well-established hurdles to treatment efficacy, like the blood-brain barrier and reduced deoxycytidine kinase activity, but will also discuss the role of novel resistance factors, such as SAMHD1. A comprehensive appreciation of the complex mechanisms that underpin the failure of chemotherapy will hopefully inform future strategies of personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Tsesmetzis
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Cynthia B J Paulin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sean G Rudd
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Nikolas Herold
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Paediatric Oncology, Theme of Children's and Women's Health, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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23
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Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang T, Dong XM, Zhu Y, Chen LH. Reduced miR-433 expression is associated with advanced stages and early relapse of colorectal cancer and restored miR-433 expression suppresses the migration, invasion and proliferation of tumor cells in vitro and in nude mice. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7579-7588. [PMID: 29740483 PMCID: PMC5934730 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of microRNA (miR-433) is altered in various types of human cancer. The present study analyzed the prognostic and biological value of miR-433 expression in colorectal cancer using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 125 colorectal tissue specimens (including a test cohort of 40 cases of paired colorectal cancer and adjacent normal mucosae and a confirmation cohort of 85 cases of stage I–III colorectal cancer). In vitro and nude mouse xenograft experiments were subsequently used to assess the effects of miR-433 expression on the regulation of colorectal cancer cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion. The data indicated that miR-433 expression was significantly downregulated in colorectal cancer tissues in the test and confirmation patient cohorts and that low miR-433 expression was associated with advanced tumor stage and early relapse. Furthermore, the restoration of miR-433 expression was able to significantly inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells by inducing G1-S cell cycle arrest, suppressing cyclinD1 and CDK4 expression, and markedly inhibited the migratory and invasive capacities of tumor cells in vitro. The restoration of miR-433 expression or liposome-based delivery of miR-433 mimics suppressed the growth of colorectal cancer cell xenografts in nude mice. In conclusion, miR-433 may be a putative tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer, and the detection of low miR-433 expression will be investigated in further studies as a putative biomarker for the detection of early relapse in patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Min Dong
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, P.R. China
| | - Long-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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24
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Sun S, Wang X, Xu X, Di H, Du J, Xu B, Wang Q, Wang J. MiR-433-3p suppresses cell growth and enhances chemosensitivity by targeting CREB in human glioma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:5057-5068. [PMID: 27926502 PMCID: PMC5354892 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies reported that miR-433 exerts function widely in human tumorigenesis and development. Here, we further investigate the potential role of miR-433 in glioma. Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated that miR-433-3p and miR-433-5p were low expressed in glioma tissues and cell lines. Functional studies suggested that the overexpression of miR-433-3p suppressed proliferation, induced apoptosis and inhibited invasion and migration of human glioma cells. But the growth and metastasis of glioma cells were not significantly influenced by overexpression of miR-433-5p. In a xenograft model, we also showed that miR-433-3p had an inhibitory effect on the growth of glioma. Bioinformatics coupled with luciferase and western blot assays revealed that CREB is a direct target of miR-433-3p, and the overexpression of CREB can rescue the phenotype changes induced by miR-433-3p overexpression. Besides, miR-433-3p could increase chemosensitivity of glioma to temozolomide by targeting CREB in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that miR-433-3p may function as a potential marker in diagnostic and therapeutic target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiuyu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China.,The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xinnv Xu
- Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hui Di
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jixiang Du
- The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Bin Xu
- The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jinhuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
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25
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Folate and microRNA: Bidirectional interactions. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 474:60-66. [PMID: 28882489 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Low folate status is linked to increased risk of a number of conditions, including developmental disorders, some cancers, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Some of the mechanisms of these associations are known, but much remains to be elucidated. Aberrant microRNA (miRNA) profiles are also signatures of these conditions, and as such, the association between folate status and miRNA are now being investigated. Potential associations are bidirectional, with miRNA linked to regulation of folate-mediated pathways, and folate linked to modulation of miRNA expression. miRNA are short non-coding RNA, involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via complementary binding to mRNA. Evidence is emerging that links folate levels to the regulation of miRNA levels, and miRNA to the regulation of the expression of enzymes involved in folate mediated one carbon metabolism. One carbon metabolism is the source of methyl groups for methylation reactions, including DNA methylation and is important in DNA synthesis and repair. miRNA may be modulated by DNA methylation and other epigenetic mechanisms directly, or indirectly via modulation of upstream signalling pathways. As such, there may be bi-directional associations between folate status and miRNA profiles. miRNA may also act as biomarkers for diagnosis or prognosis of conditions associated with folate status.
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26
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Chen Q, Mao Y, Meng F, Wang L, Zhang H, Wang W, Hua D. Rs7911488 modified the efficacy of capecitabine-based therapy in colon cancer through altering miR-1307-3p and TYMS expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74312-74319. [PMID: 29088787 PMCID: PMC5650342 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Capecitabine is an orally administered prodrug of 5-fluouracil (5-FU) and is used in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Studies have demonstrated that polymorphisms in 5-FU related ADME genes are associated with the efficacy of capecitabine. However, the relationship between the polymorphisms within the microRNA precursors and the efficacy of capecitabine is still largely unknown. We detected six polymorphisms in 274 colon cancer patients and statistically analyzed the association of the genotypes with the efficacy of capecitabine-based chemotherapy. The mechanisms underlying the effect of genotypes on the efficacy of capecitabine were also studied. We identified a polymorphism rs7911488 T>C in pre-miR-1307 to be significantly associated with the efficacy of capecitabine chemotherapy in colon cancer patients. The response rates of capecitabine chemotherapy for the patients with TT, TC, and CC genotypes were 44.35% (55/124), 51.33% (58/113), and 24.32% (9/37), respectively. In the C-allelic patients, miR-1307-3p is down-regulated and TYMS, a direct target of miR-1307-3p, is over-expressed, which leads to insensitivity of cancer cells to capecitabine chemotherapy. The cancer cells with rs7911488 C allele were further observed to be resistant to 5-FU treatment in vitro and in vivo. Our findings show that rs7911488 C-allelic pre-miR-1307 leads to attenuated miR-1307-3p and elevated TYMS, thus insensitive to capecitabine chemotherapy in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi 214062, China.,Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yong Mao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Fanyi Meng
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Weipeng Wang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dong Hua
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi 214062, China
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27
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Wang M. miR‑433 protects pancreatic β cell growth in high‑glucose conditions. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2604-2610. [PMID: 28713945 PMCID: PMC5548008 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell dysfunction is a key characteristic in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified to serve a role in DM pathogenesis, but how specific miRNAs regulate glucose-stimulated β cell functions remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore the effects of miR-433 on cell growth under high-glucose culture conditions and to determine the possible mechanisms involved. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis was performed to detect the expression levels of miRNAs in Min-6 pancreatic β cells cultured in high-glucose medium, which revealed that miR-433 was significantly downregulated. Results from in vitro Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation and flow cytometry analyses indicated that overexpression of miR-433 may enhance cell viability and proliferation by promoting cell cycle progression and suppressing apoptosis. Furthermore, bioinformatics prediction and luciferase analysis demonstrated that miR-433 was able to inhibit the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) through targeting its 3′-UTR. Moreover, knockdown of COX2 expression alleviated the inhibition of cell growth induced by high glucose, similar to overexpression of miR-433. In conclusion, the present results suggested that miR-433 may protect pancreatic β cells cultured in high glucose, which suggests that miR-433 may have beneficial effects in preventing and treating DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
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28
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Sun Y, Wang F, Wang L, Jiao Z, Fang J, Li J. MicroRNA-433 regulates apoptosis by targeting PDCD4 in human osteosarcoma cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2353-2358. [PMID: 28781674 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common aggressive sarcoma of the bone in children and adolescents. It is characterized by a high level of genetic instability and recurrent DNA deletions and amplifications. microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in cancer initiation, progression and metastasis; however, the potential role of miRNAs in osteosarcoma remains largely unknown. In the present study, miR-433 was shown to be overexpressed in osteosarcoma tissues compared with normal human osteoblasts. Transfection of miR-433 mimics into osteosarcoma cell lines significantly decreased apoptosis by targeting programmed cell death 4, a tumor suppressor that is involved in apoptosis. In contrast, inhibition of miR-433 enhanced apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo miR-433 overexpression inhibited the apoptosis of tumor cells and increased tumor growth. The results of the present study suggested that miR-433 is a potential molecular target for osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Fuchao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Zhaode Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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29
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The Effect of miR-200c Inhibition on Chemosensitivity (5- FluoroUracil) in Colorectal Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 24:145-151. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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30
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Deng J, Wang Y, Lei J, Lei W, Xiong JP. Insights into the involvement of noncoding RNAs in 5-fluorouracil drug resistance. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317697553. [PMID: 28381160 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317697553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil is a classic chemotherapeutic drug that is widely used to treat various cancers. However, patients often exhibit primary or acquired drug resistance during treatment with 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. 5-Fluorouracil resistance is a multifactorial event that involves abnormal enzyme metabolism, transport deregulation, cell cycle disorders, apoptosis resistance, and mismatch repair deficiency. Despite advancements in bioresearch technologies in the past several decades, the molecular mechanisms of 5-fluorouracil resistance have not been completely clarified. Recently, microarray analyses have shown that noncoding RNAs (i.e. microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs) play a vital role in 5-fluorouracil resistance in multiple cancer cell lines. These noncoding RNAs can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, contributing to 5-fluorouracil drug resistance. In this review, we discuss the effects of microRNAs on 5-fluorouracil sensitivity via targeting of metabolic enzymes, the cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and cancer stem cells. In particular, we focus on summarizing current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms through which long noncoding RNAs mediate 5-fluorouracil drug resistance. Moreover, we describe the specific microRNAs that may function as markers for prediction of chemotherapeutic response to 5-fluorouracil. This review will help to improve the current understanding of how to reverse 5-fluorouracil resistance and may facilitate the establishment of new strategies for alleviating drug resistance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Deng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Lei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wan Lei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Ping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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31
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Jin Y, Zhang F, Ma Z, Ren Z. MicroRNA 433 regulates nonsense-mediated mRNA decay by targeting SMG5 mRNA. BMC Mol Biol 2016; 17:17. [PMID: 27473591 PMCID: PMC4966760 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-016-0070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a RNA quality surveillance system for eukaryotes. It prevents cells from generating deleterious truncated proteins by degrading abnormal mRNAs that harbor premature termination codon (PTC). However, little is known about the molecular regulation mechanism underlying the inhibition of NMD by microRNAs. Results The present study demonstrated that miR-433 was involved in NMD pathway via negatively regulating SMG5. We provided evidence that (1) overexpression of miR-433 significantly suppressed the expression of SMG5 (P < 0.05); (2) Both mRNA and protein expression levels of TBL2 and GADD45B, substrates of NMD, were increased when SMG5 was suppressed by siRNA; (3) Expression of SMG5, TBL2 and GADD45B were significantly increased by miR-433 inhibitor (P < 0.05). These results together illustrated that miR-433 regulated NMD by targeting SMG5 mRNA. Conclusions Our study highlights that miR-433 represses nonsense mediated mRNA decay. The miR-433 targets 3’-UTR of SMG5 and represses the expression of SMG5, whereas NMD activity is decreased when SMG5 is decreased. This discovery provides evidence for microRNA/NMD regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfa Ma
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuqing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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32
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MiR-433 inhibits retinoblastoma malignancy by suppressing Notch1 and PAX6 expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:247-55. [PMID: 27470361 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most frequent primary intraocular cancer. It has been demonstrated by previous studies that retinoblastoma is initiated primarily by the inactivation of the retinoblastoma Rb1 gene in retinal cells. However, additional genetic alterations than Rb1 mutation could play important roles in the process of transforming benign retinal cells into retinoblastoma tumor cells. In this study, we identified that microRNA miR-433 is one of such genetic factors. We found that the expression levels of miR-433 were downregulated in RB tissues. We also determined that miR-433 negatively regulated RB cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of RB cells. We used bioinformatics method to predict and confirmed that Notch1 and PAX6 were miR-433 target genes in RB cells. Importantly, we demonstrated that restoration of Notch1 and PAX6 expression partially rescued the inhibition of cell proliferation and metastasis induced by miR-433 overexpression, suggesting that miR-433 regulates RB cell proliferation and metastasis through suppressing the expression of Notch1 and PAX6.
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33
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Koturbash I, Tolleson WH, Guo L, Yu D, Chen S, Hong H, Mattes W, Ning B. microRNAs as pharmacogenomic biomarkers for drug efficacy and drug safety assessment. Biomark Med 2015; 9:1153-76. [PMID: 26501795 PMCID: PMC5712454 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Much evidence has documented that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the modulation of interindividual variability in the production of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMETs) and nuclear receptors (NRs) through multidirectional interactions involving environmental stimuli/stressors, the expression of miRNA molecules and genetic polymorphisms. MiRNA expression has been reported to be affected by drugs and miRNAs themselves may affect drug metabolism and toxicity. In cancer research, miRNA biomarkers have been identified to mediate intrinsic and acquired resistance to cancer therapies. In drug safety assessment, miRNAs have been found associated with cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. This review article summarizes published studies to show that miRNAs can serve as early biomarkers for the evaluation of drug efficacy and drug safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Koturbash
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - William H Tolleson
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Dianke Yu
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Si Chen
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Huixiao Hong
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - William Mattes
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Baitang Ning
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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34
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MicroRNA-302b Enhances the Sensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines to 5-FU via Targeting Mcl-1 and DPYD. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:23668-82. [PMID: 26457704 PMCID: PMC4632720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161023668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MiR-302b is a member of miR-302-367 cluster. The miR-302-367 cluster played important roles in maintaining pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and has been proved to be capable of suppressing cell growth in several types of cancer cell lines including Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Cell lines. However, the role that miR-302b plays in the 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) sensitivity of HCC has not been known. This study showed that miR-302b could enhance the sensitivity to 5-FU in HCC cell lines and verified its two putative targeted genes responsible for its 5-FU sensitivity.
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35
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Balboa-Beltrán E, Duran G, Lamas MJ, Carracedo A, Barros F. Long Survival and Severe Toxicity Under 5-Fluorouracil-Based Therapy in a Patient With Colorectal Cancer Who Harbors a Germline Codon-Stop Mutation in TYMS. Mayo Clin Proc 2015. [PMID: 26210704 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report the first clinical description of a patient with cancer with a heterozygous germline codon-stop mutation in the TYMS gene. The mutation g.657795_657826del, c.53_84del (NM_001071.2), p.Gln18Argfs*42 causes loss of function of one of the TYMS alleles, resulting in a truncated protein. This gene codifies for the target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the basic treatment in colorectal cancer. The patient, diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer, had diarrhea and neutropenia grade 4 and mucositis and neurological toxicity grade 3 under 5-FU-based therapy and exceeded by more than 50% the average survival after metastasectomy. On the basis of the patient's characteristics and the key role of TYMS in 5-FU activity, we hypothesize that this mutation may contribute to the drug response and toxicities suffered by the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Balboa-Beltrán
- Genomic Medicine Group, CIBERER, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Goretti Duran
- Hospital Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Jesús Lamas
- Hospital Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Genomic Medicine Group, CIBERER, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Galician Public Foundation for Genomic Medicine, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Francisco Barros
- Galician Public Foundation for Genomic Medicine, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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36
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Abstract
Allelic imbalance of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) is attributed to polymorphisms in the 5'- and 3'-untranslated region (UTR). These polymorphisms have been related to the risk of suffering different cancers, for example leukemia, breast or gastric cancer, and response to different drugs, among which are methotrexate glutamates, stavudine, and specifically 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), as TYMS is its direct target. A vast literature has been published in relation to 5-FU, even suggesting the sole use of these polymorphisms to effectively manage 5-FU dosage. Estimates of the extent to which these polymorphisms influence in TYMS expression have in the past been based on functional analysis by luciferase assays and quantification of TYMS mRNA, but both these studies, as the association studies with cancer risk or with toxicity or response to 5-FU, are very contradictory. Regarding functional assays, the artificial genetic environment created in luciferase assay and the problems derived from quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qPCRs), for example the use of a reference gene, may have distorted the results. To avoid these sources of interference, we have analyzed the allelic imbalance of TYMS by allelic-specific analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients.Allelic imbalance in PBMCs, taken from 40 patients with suspected myeloproliferative haematological diseases, was determined by fluorescent fragment analysis (for the 3'-UTR polymorphism), Sanger sequencing and allelic-specific qPCR in multiplex (for the 5'-UTR polymorphisms).For neither the 3'- nor the 5'-UTR polymorphisms did the observed allelic imbalance exceed 1.5 fold. None of the TYMS polymorphisms is statistically associated with allelic imbalance.The results acquired allow us to deny the previously established assertion of an influence of 2 to 4 fold of the rs45445694 and rs2853542 polymorphisms in the expression of TYMS and narrow its allelic imbalance to 1.5 fold, in our population. These data circumscribe the influence of these polymorphisms in the clinical outcome of 5-FU and question their use for establishing 5-FU dosage, above all when additional genetic factors are not considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Balboa-Beltrán
- From the Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (EB-B, RC, AC), CIBERER, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (AC, FB), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; and Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR) (AC), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
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37
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Ding B, Gao M, Li Z, Xu C, Fan S, He W. Expression of TYMS in lymph node metastasis from low-grade glioma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:1569-1574. [PMID: 26622711 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) in the primary foci and metastatic lymph nodes of low-grade glioma, and to analyze the function of TYMS in the lymph node metastases from low-grade glioma. The study included 93 cases of surgically resected and pathologically confirmed low-grade glioma, form patients treated at Huaihe Hospital of Henan University (Kaifeng, China). The following clinical data was obtained from each patient: Gender, age, subjective symptoms (dizziness, headache, a feeling of pressure in the head, etc.), site of disease, tumor type, pathological stage, degree of differentiation and lymph node involvement. The surgically resected gliomas and dissected cervical lymph nodes were immunohistochemically stained, and DNA was extracted from the tumor and lymph node tissues samples for polymerase chain reaction sequencing and amplification. The expression of TYMS in the primary foci and metastatic lymph nodes of low-grade glioma was examined. Additionally, the association between pathological features and the postoperative survival rate of the patients was analyzed. The primary lesions of all 93 cases exhibited positive TYMS expression and 43/157 (27.39%) lymph nodes exhibited positive TYMS expression. Factors that significantly influenced the postoperative survival rate of the patients, included the metastasis of the cervical lymph nodes (P<0.01), the number of dissected cervical lymph nodes (P<0.01) and the degree of differentiation (P<0.05). The metastasis of the cervical lymph nodes was the only independent risk factor affecting postoperative disease-free survival. The risk of recurrence in patients with metastasis of the cervical lymph nodes was 6.3-fold higher than in those without metastasis (P<0.01). Thus, the results of the present study provide a theoretical basis for accurately predicting the prognosis of patients with low-grade malignant brain glioma, reducing the conjecture involved in selecting postoperative treatment strategies and improving therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Chenyang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Shaokang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Weiya He
- Department of Neurology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
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38
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Sun Z, Zhou N, Han Q, Zhao L, Bai C, Chen Y, Zhou J, Zhao RC. MicroRNA-197 influences 5-fluorouracil resistance via thymidylate synthase in colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2015; 17:876-83. [PMID: 26055341 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The response rate of first-line fluoropyrimidine-based regimens for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is generally less than 50 %. The down-regulation of miR-197 in colorectal cancer cells after exposure to 5-fluorouracil might be related to the mechanism of resistance to fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. So we investigated the regulatory mechanism of miR-197 on 5-FU sensitivity. METHODS Dual luciferase reporter gene construct and dual luciferase reporter assay were used to identify the target of miR-197. TYMS expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining. 5-Fu resistance of colorectal cancer cell lines was detected by MTS assay. The expression of miR-197 was detected by real time PCR. RESULTS A luciferase assay and western blot analysis confirmed that miR-197 directly binds to and negatively regulates TYMS expression. Overexpressing miR-197 could increase the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The expression of miR-197 negatively correlated with TYMS expression in cancerous tissues from patients with stage IV colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION miR-197 mediates the response of colorectal cancer cells to 5-FU by regulating TYMS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Sun
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - N Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - L Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - C Bai
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Digestion, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - R C Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Center of Translational Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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39
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Wang B, Ricardo S. Role of microRNA machinery in kidney fibrosis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 41:543-50. [PMID: 24798583 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are critical regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The miRNAs constitute an abundant class of RNAs conserved from plants to animals and, as such, play key roles in diverse biological processes, including inflammation, development, differentiation and apoptosis. More recently, it has become apparent that changes in miRNA expression contribute to a wide spectrum of human pathologies, including heart and kidney disease, organ developmental abnormalities and neuronal degeneration. Moreover, inflammation and the development of kidney fibrosis is accompanied by changes in miRNA expression. This review summarizes the emerging field deciphering the complex connections between human miRNA biology and different aspects of kidney injury, focusing on kidney fibrosis. The miRNA-regulated fibrosis is discussed based on the classification of pivotal mechanisms, notably involving the transforming growth factor-β1 signalling pathway. In addition, the challenge of miRNA delivery vehicles as mechanisms of cellular transfer are reviewed, as is the use of miRNA as a potential biomarker for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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40
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Xu Z, Nayak DK, Benshoff N, Hachem R, Gelman AE, Mohanakumar T. De novo-developed antibodies to donor MHC antigens lead to dysregulation of microRNAs and induction of MHC class II. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:6133-43. [PMID: 25941328 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses to HLA and development of anti-donor HLA (DSA) were shown to play a role in chronic rejection following transplantation. We hypothesized that Abs to MHC change microRNAs (miRNAs), leading to chronic lung allograft rejection. Microarray analysis was performed in a murine model of anti-MHC-induced obliterative airway disease (OAD), a correlate of obliterative bronchiolitis. A unique profile of dysregulated miRNAs was detected in OAD mice on days 7 and 15 after Ab administration compared with control. Sixty-seven miRNAs were increased and 42 miRNAs were decreased in OAD mice on day 7. In addition, 15 miRNAs were overexpressed and 16 miRNAs were underexpressed in OAD mice on day 15. The expression of miR-16 and miR-195 was significantly decreased in lungs of OAD mice, as assessed by quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization, with increases in H-2 Aa and H-2 Dma mRNA levels. Significant reductions in miR-16 and miR-195 levels were also noted in lung transplant (LTx) patients with DSA compared with LTx patients without DSA. Bioinformatic TargetScan and reporter assays identified the binding of miR-16 and miR-195 to the 3'-untranslated region of regulatory factor X 5. Quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry indicated posttranscriptional increases in regulatory factor X 5 mRNA and protein expression in OAD mice, as well as in LTx recipients with DSA, which was associated with increased expression of HLA-DPA1, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DRA mRNA. Therefore, our results demonstrated that miRNAs induced by alloimmunity may play important roles in chronic rejection after LTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Xu
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Deepak K Nayak
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Nicholas Benshoff
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ramsey Hachem
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Andrew E Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Thalachallour Mohanakumar
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Weiner-Gorzel K, Dempsey E, Milewska M, McGoldrick A, Toh V, Walsh A, Lindsay S, Gubbins L, Cannon A, Sharpe D, O'Sullivan J, Murphy M, Madden SF, Kell M, McCann A, Furlong F. Overexpression of the microRNA miR-433 promotes resistance to paclitaxel through the induction of cellular senescence in ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Med 2015; 4:745-58. [PMID: 25684390 PMCID: PMC4430267 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Annually, ovarian cancer (OC) affects 240,000 women worldwide and is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. High-grade serous OC (HGSOC) is the most common and aggressive OC subtype, characterized by widespread genome changes and chromosomal instability and is consequently poorly responsive to chemotherapy treatment. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of the microRNA miR-433 in the cellular response of OC cells to paclitaxel treatment. We show that stable miR-433 expression in A2780 OC cells results in the induction of cellular senescence demonstrated by morphological changes, downregulation of phosphorylated retinoblastoma (p-Rb), and an increase in β-galactosidase activity. Furthermore, in silico analysis identified four possible miR-433 target genes associated with cellular senescence: cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), MAPK14, E2F3, and CDKN2A. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that downregulation of p-Rb is attributable to a miR-433-dependent downregulation of CDK6, establishing it as a novel miR-433 associated gene. Interestingly, we show that high miR-433 expressing cells release miR-433 into the growth media via exosomes which in turn can induce a senescence bystander effect. Furthermore, in relation to a chemotherapeutic response, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that only PEO1 and PEO4 OC cells with the highest miR-433 expression survive paclitaxel treatment. Our data highlight how the aberrant expression of miR-433 can adversely affect intracellular signaling to mediate chemoresistance in OC cells by driving cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Weiner-Gorzel
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science (SMMS), UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eugene Dempsey
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - Aloysius McGoldrick
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science (SMMS), UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Valerie Toh
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science (SMMS), UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aoibheann Walsh
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science (SMMS), UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sinead Lindsay
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science (SMMS), UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Luke Gubbins
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science (SMMS), UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aoife Cannon
- Molecular Department of Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Daniel Sharpe
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Molecular Department of Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Madeline Murphy
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science (SMMS), UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stephen F Madden
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Malcolm Kell
- Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Amanda McCann
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science (SMMS), UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Fiona Furlong
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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42
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Li T, Gao F, Zhang XP. miR-203 enhances chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil by targeting thymidylate synthase in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:607-14. [PMID: 25482885 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a conserved class of small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in diverse biological processes, including chemoresistance. However, the molecular mechanism as to how miR-203 modulates the chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in colorectal cancer is poorly known. In the present study, we found that miR-203 was downregulated in the 5-FU-resistant cell line LoVo/5-Fu, and was inversely correlated with the extent of 5-FU chemoresistance. Cytotoxicity assay showed that the inhibition of miR-203 expression enhanced 5-FU chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells, while miR-203 overexpression increased 5-FU chemosensitivity. We then validated that thymidylate synthase (TYMS) was a direct target of miR-203 and miR-203 suppressed TYMS protein levels. Silencing of TYMS enhanced 5-FU chemosensitivity, similar to the roles of miR-203. Finally, we discovered that miR-203 increased the inhibitory effects of 5-FU on tumor growth in vivo. Overall, our data indicate that miR-203 enhances 5-FU chemosensitivity via the downregulation of TYMS in colorectal cancer and provide important insight into the mechanism of 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer patients. More important, the present study suggests that miR-203 has the potential as a therapeutic strategy for 5-FU-resistant colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Colorectal Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Qingdao Hiser Medical Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Peng Zhang
- Colorectal Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
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Ragusa M, Statello L, Maugeri M, Barbagallo C, Passanisi R, Alhamdani MS, Li Destri G, Cappellani A, Barbagallo D, Scalia M, Valadi H, Hoheisel JD, Di Pietro C, Purrello M. Highly skewed distribution of miRNAs and proteins between colorectal cancer cells and their exosomes following Cetuximab treatment: biomolecular, genetic and translational implications. Oncoscience 2014; 1:132-157. [PMID: 25594007 PMCID: PMC4278285 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exchange of molecules via exosomes is a means of eukaryotic intercellular communication, especially within tumour microenvironments. However, no data are available on alterations of exosomal molecular cargo by environmental cues (eg, pharmacological treatments). To approach this issue, we compared the abundance of 754 miRNAs and 741 cancer-related proteins in exosomes secreted by Caco-2 (Cetuximab-responsive) and HCT- 116 (Cetuximab-resistant) CRC cells, before and after Cetuximab treatment, with that in their source cells. Cetuximab significantly altered the cargo of Caco-2 exosomes: it increased abundance of miRNAs and proteins activating proliferation and inflammation and reduced miRNAs and proteins related to immune suppression. These alterations did not precisely mirror those in source cells, suggesting a Cetuximab-linked effect. Analogous alterations were detected in HCT-116. Transfection of exosomes from Cetuximab-treated Caco-2 into HCT-116 significantly increased HCT-116 viability; conversely, no viability alteration was detected in Caco-2 transfected with exosomes from Cetuximab-treated HCT-116. Analysis of networks, comprising targets of differentially expressed (DE) exosomal miRNAs and DE exosomal proteins, demonstrates a significant involvement of processes related to proliferation, inflammation, immune response, apoptosis. Our data extend existing knowledge on molecular mechanisms of eukaryotic intercellular communication, especially in oncological processes. Their translation to clinical settings may add new weapons to existing therapeutic repertoires against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ragusa
- Molecular, Systems and Genome BioMedicine Unit, Department Gian Filippo Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Luisa Statello
- Molecular, Systems and Genome BioMedicine Unit, Department Gian Filippo Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Marco Maugeri
- Molecular, Systems and Genome BioMedicine Unit, Department Gian Filippo Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Cristina Barbagallo
- Molecular, Systems and Genome BioMedicine Unit, Department Gian Filippo Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Roberta Passanisi
- Molecular, Systems and Genome BioMedicine Unit, Department Gian Filippo Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Mohamed S Alhamdani
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, EU
| | - Giovanni Li Destri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Trapianti d'Organo e Tecnologie Avanzate, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | | | - Davide Barbagallo
- Molecular, Systems and Genome BioMedicine Unit, Department Gian Filippo Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Marina Scalia
- Molecular, Systems and Genome BioMedicine Unit, Department Gian Filippo Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Hadi Valadi
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Gothenburg, Sweden, EU
| | - Jörg D Hoheisel
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, EU
| | - Cinzia Di Pietro
- Molecular, Systems and Genome BioMedicine Unit, Department Gian Filippo Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Michele Purrello
- Molecular, Systems and Genome BioMedicine Unit, Department Gian Filippo Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
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Deng J, Lei W, Fu JC, Zhang L, Li JH, Xiong JP. Targeting miR-21 enhances the sensitivity of human colon cancer HT-29 cells to chemoradiotherapy in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 443:789-95. [PMID: 24275137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a classic chemotherapeutic drug that has been widely used for colorectal cancer treatment, but colorectal cancer cells are often resistant to primary or acquired 5-FU therapy. Several studies have shown that miR-21 is significantly elevated in colorectal cancer. This suggests that this miRNA might play a role in this resistance. In this study, we investigated this possibility and the possible mechanism underlying this role. We showed that forced expression of miR-21 significantly inhibited apoptosis, enhanced cell proliferation, invasion, and colony formation ability, promoted G1/S cell cycle transition and increased the resistance of tumor cells to 5-FU and X radiation in HT-29 colon cancer cells. Furthermore, knockdown of miR-21 reversed these effects on HT-29 cells and increased the sensitivity of HT-29/5-FU to 5-FU chemotherapy. Finally, we showed that miR-21 targeted the human mutS homolog2 (hMSH2), and indirectly regulated the expression of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). These results demonstrate that miR-21 may play an important role in the 5-FU resistance of colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Deng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Wan Lei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jian-Chun Fu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jun-He Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jian-Ping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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