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Hammami N, Azevedo Da Silva M, Elgar FJ. Trends in gender and socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent health over 16 years (2002-2018): findings from the Canadian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2022; 42:68-78. [PMID: 35170931 PMCID: PMC8935898 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.42.2.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monitoring health inequalities in adolescents informs policy approaches to reducing these inequalities early in the life course. The purpose of this study was to investigate trends in gender and socioeconomic inequalities in six health domains. METHODS Data were from five quadrennial survey cycles of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in Canada (pooled n = 94 887 participants). Differences in health between socioeconomic groups (based on material deprivation) and between genders were assessed using slope and relative indices of inequality in six health domains: daily physical activity, excess body weight, frequent physical symptoms, frequent psychological symptoms, low life satisfaction, and fair or poor self-rated health. RESULTS Over a 16-year period, adolescents in Canada reported progressively worse health in four health domains, with those at the lowest socioeconomic position showing the steepest declines. Socioeconomic differences increased in excess body weight, physical symptoms, low life satisfaction, and fair or poor health. Gender differences also increased. Females showed poorer health than males in all domains except excess body weight, and gender differences increased over time in physical symptoms, psychological symptoms and low life satisfaction. CONCLUSION Socioeconomic and gender inequalities in health are persistent and widening among adolescents in Canada. Policies that address material and social factors that contribute to health disparities in adolescence are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Hammami
- Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Johnson-Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Frank J Elgar
- Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Confroy K, Miles C, Kaplan S, Skelton JA. Pediatric Obesity and Sports Medicine: A Narrative Review and Clinical Recommendations. Clin J Sport Med 2021; 31:e484-e498. [PMID: 32852300 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review what is known about sports medicine and pediatric obesity, with a focus on injuries and MSK concerns. DATA SOURCES Systematically searched MEDLINE (PubMed) for all years, using search combinations to best identify potential publications. Manuscripts were reviewed, summarized, and discussed in detail. Experienced clinicians in sports medicine and pediatric obesity reviewed the final searches for substantive content. Inclusion criteria include English language publications, children ≤18 years old, related to the practice of sports medicine and pediatric obesity. Publications excluded that dealt with non-sports medicine aspects of pediatric obesity, such as increasing physical activity or exercise, or the prevention or treatment of obesity. MAIN RESULTS Twenty-eight publications were included for review. Papers fell into 5 groupings: (1) MSK-increased incidence of MSK injury in children with obesity, hypothesized to be a result of changes in biomechanics; (2) weight management-gradual loss while maintaining proper hydration and nutrition for sports performance; (3) fitness/conditioning-children with overweight/obese showed decreased fitness measures and cardiopulmonary conditioning; (4) exertional heat illness-a concern for adolescent athletes with obesity, specifically in football; and (5) differential diagnoses-3 key differential diagnoses were identified for increased awareness: slipped capital femoral epiphysis, Blount's disease, and pes planus. Clinical topics pertinent to sports medicine and pediatric obesity were discussed. CONCLUSIONS Sports medicine clinicians should be aware of the common MSK and sports-related conditions in children with obesity. Few studies have focused investigations on issues related to children with obesity participating in sports and other physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Confroy
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Sebastian Kaplan
- Departments of Family and Community Medicine
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine; and
| | - Joseph A Skelton
- Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
- Brenner FIT (Families In Training) Program, Brenner Children's Hospital, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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3
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Fresan A, Genis-Mendoza AD, López-Narváez ML, Gómez-Peralta TG, Aguilar-Velázquez DG, Juárez-Rojop IE, González-Castro TB, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Castillo-Avila RG, Nicolini H. Association between Short Hours of Sleep and Overweight/Obesity in Mexican Adolescent Population: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9080939. [PMID: 34442076 PMCID: PMC8393640 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9080939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: Obesity in adolescents is increasing; as such, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity in Mexican adolescents and examine its possible association with hours of sleep. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was carried out. This study included 863 adolescents aged between 11 and 16 years. The prevalence of obesity was estimated using the body mass index (BMI). The duration of sleep (and other information) was assessed by a self-reported questionnaire. The Cochran–Mantel–Hansel test for categorical variables and a general linear model for continuous variables were used to evaluate the interaction effect of BMI and sex with respect to sleeping and assessed activity conditions. Results: It was found that 47.6% of the adolescents were overweight/obese. Men were more frequently overweight/obese than women (52.6% vs. 41.8%, p = 0.002). Moreover, overweight/obese adolescents were younger and spent fewer daily hours watching television (p < 0.05). Men practiced sports more hours per week than women (p = 0.04). However, women spent more daily time on the internet (p = 0.05), and overweight/obese adolescent women slept fewer hours than overweight/obese men and adolescents with normal weight (p = 0.008). Conclusions: The development of strategies for the prevention of overweight/obesity and the improvement of sleep duration should include a gender perspective to improve health habits in Mexican adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fresan
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico;
| | | | - María Lilia López-Narváez
- Hospital Chiapas Nos Une Dr. Gilberto Gómez Maza, Secretaría de Salud de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29045, Mexico
- Correspondence: (M.L.L.-N.); (H.N.)
| | - Tania Guadalupe Gómez-Peralta
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco 86040, Mexico; (T.G.G.-P.); (D.G.A.-V.); (C.A.T.-Z.)
| | - Daniela Georgina Aguilar-Velázquez
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco 86040, Mexico; (T.G.G.-P.); (D.G.A.-V.); (C.A.T.-Z.)
| | - Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Mexico; (I.E.J.-R.); (R.G.C.-A.)
| | - Thelma Beatriz González-Castro
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez 86205, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco 86040, Mexico; (T.G.G.-P.); (D.G.A.-V.); (C.A.T.-Z.)
| | - Rosa Giannina Castillo-Avila
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Mexico; (I.E.J.-R.); (R.G.C.-A.)
| | - Humberto Nicolini
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 14610, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (M.L.L.-N.); (H.N.)
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4
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ventricular repolarisation changes may lead to sudden cardiac death in obese individuals. We aimed to investigate the relationship between ventricular repolarisation changes, echocardiographic parameters, anthropometric measures, and metabolic syndrome laboratory parameters in obese children. METHODS The study involved 81 obese and 82 normal-weight healthy children with a mean age of 12.3 ± 2.7 years. Anthropometric measurements of participants were evaluated according to nomograms. Obese patients were subdivided into two groups; metabolic syndrome and non-metabolic syndrome obese. Fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, and lipid profile were measured. QT/QTc interval, QT/QTc dispersions were measured, and left ventricular systolic and diastolic measurements were performed. RESULTS Body weight, body mass index, relative body mass index, waist/hip circumference ratio, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in obese children. QT and QTc dispersions were significantly higher in obese children and also obese children with metabolic syndrome had significantly higher QT and QTc dispersions compared to non-metabolic syndrome obese children (p < 0.001) and normal-weight healthy children (p < 0.001). Waist/hip circumference ratio, body mass index, and relative body mass index were the most important determinant of QT and QTc dispersions. Left ventricular wall thickness (left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole, left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-systole, interventricular septal thickness at end-diastole) and left ventricular mass index were significantly higher and ejection fraction was lower in obese children. Left ventricular mass index and interventricular septal thickness at end-diastole were positively correlated with QT and QTc dispersions. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that QT/ QTc interval prolongation and increase in QT and QTc dispersion on electrocardiogram may be found at an early age in obese children.
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5
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Boutelle KN, Strong D, Liang J, Rhee KE, Rock CL, Wilfley D, Epstein L, Crow SJ. Comparative Costs of a Parent-Only and Parent and Child Treatment for Children with Overweight or Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:388-392. [PMID: 33491321 PMCID: PMC9261273 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Models such as family-based treatment (FBT), delivered to both the parent and child, are considered the most efficacious intervention for children with obesity. However, recent research suggests that parent-based treatment (PBT; or parent-only treatment) is noninferior to FBT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative costs of the FBT and PBT models. METHODS A total of 150 children with overweight and obesity and their parents were randomized to one of two 6-month treatment programs (FBT or PBT). Data was collected at baseline, during treatment, and following treatment, and and trial-based analyses of the costs were conducted from a health care sector perspective and a limited societal perspective. RESULTS Results suggest that PBT, compared with FBT, had lower costs per parent-child dyad from the health care sector perspective (PBT = $2,886; FBT = $3,899) and from a limited societal perspective (PBT = $3,231; FBT = $4,279). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a PBT intervention has lower costs and is noninferior to an FBT intervention for both child and parent weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri N Boutelle
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - David Strong
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - June Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kyung E Rhee
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Cheryl L Rock
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Denise Wilfley
- Departent of Psychiatry, Washington University St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Leonard Epstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Scott J Crow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Ashraf M, Irshad M, Parry NA. Pediatric hypertension: an updated review. Clin Hypertens 2020; 26:22. [PMID: 33292828 PMCID: PMC7706222 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-020-00156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally hypertension in adults is among the leading preventable cause of premature death, where a graded association from the childhood hypertension is well recognised. With the concurrent rise in obesity and pediatric hypertension (HTN) during the past decade in developed countries, a parallel trend is emerging in developing countries that has a potential for exponential rise in cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and renal tragedies. A cumulative incidence of pediatric HTN in China and India is 50–70 and 23% respectively, is quite disturbing. New guidelines for the detection, evaluation and management of hypertension in children and adolescents published in 2017, where a jump in prevalence of pediatric HTN is observed, rings a call to address this under-attended burning problem; for which a review in pediatric hypertension and its management is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ashraf
- Department of Pediatrics, Govt Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190010, India.
| | - Mohd Irshad
- Department of Paediatrics, Govt Medical College Baramulla, Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nazir Ahmed Parry
- Department of Paediatrics, SKIMS Medical College Bemina, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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7
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Body Composition versus BMI as Measures of Success in a Clinical Pediatric Weight Management Program. REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/reports3040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The high rates and long-term medical consequences of childhood obesity make it a public health crisis requiring effective diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Although BMI is an adequate screening tool for obesity, monitoring BMI change is not always the best measure of success in treating patients in a pediatric weight management program. Our retrospective study evaluated the proportion of patients that achieved favorable changes in body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis in the absence of improvements in BMI, BMI percentile, or percent of the 95th percentile for BMI. It was found that 30% of patients whose BMI increased by 1.0 kg/m2 or more, 31.6% of patients with stable or increasing BMI percentiles, and 28% with stable or increasing percent of the 95th percentile for BMI demonstrated an improvement in body composition (skeletal muscle mass and body fat percentage). Body composition is an important measure of success for a subset of patients who otherwise may believe that their efforts in lifestyle change have not been effective. Our results suggest that including body fat percentage as a measure of success in evaluating the progress of patients participating in a pediatric weight management program is appropriate and may more accurately track success than change in BMI or BMI percentile alone.
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8
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Body weight-dependent foot loads, assessed in terms of BMI and adiposity, in school-aged children: a cross sectional study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12360. [PMID: 32704178 PMCID: PMC7378067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas inherently vulnerable structure of both a child's and an adolescent's foot, characteristic for its dynamic, developmental stage, is particularly exposed to numerous environmental factors, excessive body weight gain may potentially become a crucial causal factor, bringing on a cascade of adverse effects throughout the body, e.g. disorders of the skeletal-articular system, gait alterations, abnormally excessive loading of the plantar zones of the foot, and consequently serious postural defects, especially in later life. Since obesity, aptly dubbed the scourge of the 21st c., directly impacts the way the foot biomechanics are developed, whereupon the actual paradigm of foot loading becomes subject to numerous, adverse modifications, the present study focused on gaining an in-depth insight into prevalent association of BMI, adipose tissue content in body composition, and the actual distribution of foot loads in the school-aged children. Since body weight, the simplest anthropometric indicator, is actually non-indicative of the proportion of adipose tissue within body composition, a number of modern, non-invasive diagnostic methods were applied by the investigators to have this deficit effectively addressed, inclusive of comprehensively mapping out the actual load distribution in the plantar zones of the foot.
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Tas D, Tüzün Z, Düzçeker Y, Akgül S, Kanbur N. The effects of parental and peer factors on psychiatric symptoms in adolescents with obesity. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:617-625. [PMID: 30806924 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among psychiatric symptoms, effect of beliefs and attitudes of parents about obese people and victimization or bullying in obese adolescents. METHODS The study group included 110 obese or overweight adolescents and 55 adolescents of normal weight as the control group. All adolescents completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and Traditional Bullying Scale. The parents completed the Attitudes Toward Obese Persons (ATOP) Scale and Beliefs About Obese Persons (BAOP) Scale. RESULTS The BSI subscale scores for depression were significantly higher in the study group. There was no significant relationship found between psychiatric symptoms of obese or overweight adolescents and the ATOP and BAOP scores of parents. When victims, bullies/victims, bullies and those not included in any group among obese or overweight adolescents were examined, psychiatric symptoms of victims and bullies/victims were significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that the clinical treatment of obesity is not just a matter of diet and exercise but additionally dealing with issues of depression and anxiety. A very satisfactory result of the study was that parents of obese or overweight adolescents did not show an increased weight bias. This study has also shown the association between negative social and psychological ramifications, as the study group was more likely to be the victims and perpetrators of bullying behaviors than their normal-weight peers. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control analytic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Tas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences Child Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Tüzün
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Düzçeker
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinem Akgül
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuray Kanbur
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
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Fillon A, Miguet M, O’Malley G, Mathieu ME, Masurier J, Julian V, Cardenoux C, Pereira B, Rey O, Duclos M, Boirie Y, Thivel D. Is the SPARTACUS 15-15 test an accurate proxy for the assessment and tracking of maximal aerobic capacities in adolescents with obesity? J Phys Ther Sci 2020; 32:281-287. [PMID: 32273651 PMCID: PMC7113421 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.32.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] While there is a need for reliable field tests for the evaluation of physical fitness in pediatric obesity, the present work i) evaluates the validity of the Spartacus 15-15 test in indirectly assessing maximal aerobic capacity in adolescents with obesity and ii) evaluates its sensibility to weight loss. [Participants and Methods] Fifty-five 11-16 year-old adolescents with obesity (Tanner 3-4) were enrolled in a 12-week weight-management intervention. Maximal Aerobic fitness (VO2peak test + Spartacus test) and body composition (Dual X-ray absorptiometry) were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. [Results] Moderate correlations were found at baseline between VO2peak (2,231.90 ± 465.6 mL/min) and Spartacus stage (6.83 ± 1.8 stage, r=0.52; p≤0.05), speed (12.85 ± 1.8 km/h, r=0.52 ; p≤0.05) and time (20.6 ± 5.4 min; r=0.50; p≤0.05). The intervention favored significant improvements for VO2peak, Spartacus Rate of Perceived Exertion final stage, maximal speed and time. Change over time in VO2peak and Spartacus variables were not correlated. [Conclusion] The Spartacus test can be used as a proxy for VO2peak at baseline and can be used to estimate VO2peak using the proposed equation. The Spartacus 15-15 test might be a better indicator for changes in functional capacity than an indicator of VO2peak changes in youth with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Fillon
- Clermont Auvergne University: EA 3533, Laboratory of the
Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P),
Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INRA, France
- UGECAM Nutrition Obesity Ambulatory Hospital, France
| | - Maud Miguet
- Clermont Auvergne University: EA 3533, Laboratory of the
Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P),
Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Grace O’Malley
- School of Physiotherapy, Division of Population Health
Sciences, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
| | - Marie-Eve Mathieu
- School of Kinesiology, University of Montreal, Canada
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, Canada
| | | | - Valérie Julian
- INRA, France
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations,
Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, G. Montpied Hospital, France
- UFR Medicine, University Clermont Auvergne, France
| | | | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics unit (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand University
Hospital, France
| | - Olivier Rey
- Clermont Auvergne University: EA 3533, Laboratory of the
Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P),
Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martine Duclos
- INRA, France
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations,
Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, G. Montpied Hospital, France
- UFR Medicine, University Clermont Auvergne, France
- CRNH-Auvergne, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- INRA, France
- UFR Medicine, University Clermont Auvergne, France
- CRNH-Auvergne, France
- Department of Human Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand
University Hospital, G. Montpied Hospital, France
| | - David Thivel
- Clermont Auvergne University: EA 3533, Laboratory of the
Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P),
Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CRNH-Auvergne, France
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11
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Hassan NE, El Ashmawi AA, El-Masry SA, Zarouk WA, Mira MF, El-Saeed GS, Dwidar OH. Metabolic syndrome in a sample of Egyptian adolescent girls and its association with apolipoprotein E. J Paediatr Child Health 2019; 55:1344-1350. [PMID: 30895669 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Obesity and its metabolic complications are increasing in childhood and extend to adulthood. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in a sample of Egyptian adolescent girls and investigate its association with apolipoprotein E. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was used, including 200 Egyptian adolescent girls aged between 12 and 18 years. They were subjected to blood pressure (BP) measurement, anthropometric measurements (weight, height and waist circumference (WC)), laboratory investigations (fasting glucose and lipid profile) and molecular analysis (Apo E). RESULTS Overweight/obese girls were suffering significantly, more than normal-weight girls, from hypertension (66.7 vs. 40.8%), diabetes diagnosed by elevated fasting blood glucose (46.7 vs. 31.2%) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (64 vs. 59.2%). Girls with MS had significantly higher values of body mass index Z-score, WC, BP, cholesterol and triglycerides and significantly lower HDL. Allele E3 (59.1 vs. 55.1%) was more frequent among girls with MS, while allele E4 (41 vs. 36.4) was more frequent among girls without MS. MS was the most prominent among girls with the E3/E4 genotype (35.7%), who had the highest frequency of elevated cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and blood glucose, while girls with the E2/E4 genotype, which was rare among both groups, had the highest frequency of elevated BP (68.8%) and low HDL (71.4%). CONCLUSION MS was significantly more prominent among overweight/obese adolescent girls with the E3/E4 genotype, who had the highest frequency of disturbed lipid profile and blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayera E Hassan
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Sahar A El-Masry
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Waheba A Zarouk
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, Human Genetics Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa F Mira
- Pediatrics Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamila Sm El-Saeed
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar H Dwidar
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Sharma V, Coleman S, Nixon J, Sharples L, Hamilton-Shield J, Rutter H, Bryant M. A systematic review and meta-analysis estimating the population prevalence of comorbidities in children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years. Obes Rev 2019; 20:1341-1349. [PMID: 31342672 PMCID: PMC6851579 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for the health impact of obesity has largely focussed on adults. We estimated the population prevalence and prevalence ratio of obesity-associated comorbidities in children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years. Five databases were searched from inception to 14 January 2018. Population-based observational studies reporting comorbidity prevalence by weight category (healthy weight/overweight/obese) in children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years from any country were eligible. Comorbidity prevalence, stratified by weight category, was extracted and prevalence ratios (relative to healthy weight) estimated using random effects meta-analyses. Of 9183 abstracts, 52 eligible studies (1 553 683 participants) reported prevalence of eight comorbidities or risk markers including diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Evidence for psychological comorbidities was lacking. Meta-analyses suggested prevalence ratio for prediabetes (fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL) for those with obesity relative to those of a healthy weight was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-1.6) and for NAFLD 26.1 (9.4-72.3). In the general population, children and adolescents with overweight/obesity have a higher prevalence of comorbidities relative to those of a healthy weight. This review provides clinicians with information when assessing children and researchers a foundation upon which to build a comprehensive dataset to understand the health consequences of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Sharma
- Clinical Effectiveness Team, Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Susanne Coleman
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jane Nixon
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Linda Sharples
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Harry Rutter
- Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Maria Bryant
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Brzeziński M, Czubek Z, Niedzielska A, Jankowski M, Kobus T, Ossowski Z. Relationship between lower-extremity defects and body mass among polish children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:84. [PMID: 30777046 PMCID: PMC6504130 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower extremity defects in healthy children raises interest of researchers as confirmed by numerous published original and review articles. The relationship between lower extremity postural defects and body mass are unclear as published data are inconclusive. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to analyse the prevalence of lower extremity defects in a large group of 8- to 12-year-old children; and further to assess the probability of defects associated with values of body mass variables. METHODS The study included prospective anthropometric measurements data of 6992 children (3476 boys and 3516 girls) from Gdansk (Northern Poland). Standard screening test used in Poland for assessment of lower limb defects were used (intermalleolar or intercondylar distance for knee alignment, linear vertical compass for valgus heel, computer podoscope or classical footprint and measuring the Sztriter-Godunow index for flatfeet). Body mass was assessed with local centile charts and IOTF cutoffs. Prevalence of postural defects was compared with an aid of Pearson's chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test. Probability of lower extremities postural defect was estimated on the basis of logistic regression analysis, and expressed as an odds ratio (OR) and its 95.0% CI. RESULTS The study demonstrated that cumulative prevalence of lower extremity defects (31.5%) was lower than reported in most published studies, most common defects were valgus heel (21.8%) and valgus knee (14.5%). Boys were significantly more frequently diagnosed with lower limb defects overall (p < 0.001), as well as with varus knee, valgus heel, flatfoot of any degree. Limb defects were found in 90,2% of obese children, 25,7% of normal weight and 15,1% of underweight children. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of some lower extremities defects seems to be sex specific. Prevalence varied across body weight categories and was rising with the increase of BMI. Increased body mass is correlated with a higher risk of developing lower extremity postural defects in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Brzeziński
- Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Zwycięstwa 42a, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Czubek
- University of Physical Education and Sport in Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Zbigniew Ossowski
- University of Physical Education and Sport in Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Erdei G, Bakacs M, Illés É, Nagy B, Kaposvári C, Mák E, Nagy ES, Cserháti Z, Kovács VA. Substantial variation across geographic regions in the obesity prevalence among 6-8 years old Hungarian children (COSI Hungary 2016). BMC Public Health 2018; 18:611. [PMID: 29743055 PMCID: PMC5944005 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There have been previous representative nutritional status surveys conducted in Hungary, but this is the first one that examines overweight and obesity prevalence according to the level of urbanization and in different geographic regions among 6–8-year-old children. We also assessed whether these variations were different by sex. Methods This survey was part of the fourth data collection round of World Health Organization (WHO) Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative which took place during the academic year 2016/2017. The representative sample was determined by two-stage cluster sampling. A total of 5332 children (48.4% boys; age 7.54 ± 0.64 years) were measured from all seven geographic regions including urban (at least 500 inhabitants per square kilometer; n = 1598), semi-urban (100 to 500 inhabitants per square kilometer; n = 1932) and rural (less than 100 inhabitants per square kilometer; n = 1802) areas. Results Using the WHO reference, prevalence of overweight and obesity within the whole sample were 14.2, and 12.7%, respectively. According to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) reference, rates were 12.6 and 8.6%. Northern Hungary and Southern Transdanubia were the regions with the highest obesity prevalence of 11.0 and 12.0%, while Central Hungary was the one with the lowest obesity rate (6.1%). The prevalence of overweight and obesity tended to be higher in rural areas (13.0 and 9.8%) than in urban areas (11.9 and 7.0%). Concerning differences in sex, girls had higher obesity risk in rural areas (OR = 2.0) but boys did not. Odds ratios were 2.0–3.4 in different regions for obesity compared to Central Hungary, but only among boys. Conclusions Overweight and obesity are emerging problems in Hungary. Remarkable differences were observed in the prevalence of obesity by geographic regions. These variations can only be partly explained by geographic characteristics. Trial registration Study protocol was approved by the Scientific and Research Ethics Committee of the Medical Research Council (61158–2/2016/EKU).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Erdei
- School of PhD Studies, Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Health Science Research, Semmelweis University, 26 Üllői Street, Budapest, 1085, Hungary. .,Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary. .,Department of Dietetics and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, 17 Vas Street, Budapest, 1088, Hungary.
| | - Márta Bakacs
- Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Éva Illés
- Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Barbara Nagy
- Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Csilla Kaposvári
- Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Mák
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, 17 Vas Street, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Eszter Sarkadi Nagy
- Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Cserháti
- Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Viktória Anna Kovács
- Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
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15
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Leon G, de Klerk E, Ho J, Jackman M, Reimer RA, Connors KE, Luca P. Prevalence of comorbid conditions pre-existing and diagnosed at a tertiary care pediatric weight management clinic. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 31:385-390. [PMID: 29432207 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2016-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity places individuals at risk for a multitude of physical and mental health problems. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of obesity related comorbidities diagnosed prior to and after attending a tertiary care pediatric weight management clinic. METHODS A cross sectional retrospective chart review of patients 2-17 years old seen in the weight management clinic at Alberta Children's Hospital from May 2012 to May 2014. RESULTS A total of 199 patients were included in the review. Comorbidity prevalences were: hypertension 6 (3%), prediabetes 11 (5.5%), type 2 diabetes 3 (1.5%), dyslipidemia 105 (52.8%), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 31 (15.6%), asthma 45 (22.6%), obstructive sleep apnea 21 (10.6%), and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) 9 (12% of females ≥10 years at the first visit). Concerns related to depression and anxiety were present in 20 (10.1%) and 25 (12.6%) patients respectively. The majority of comorbidities were identified prior to joining the clinic. Conditions requiring more specialized tests, such as diabetes and PCOS, were more commonly identified after joining the clinic. CONCLUSIONS These results give further insight into the prevalence of obesity-related comorbidities in overweight and obese children and adolescents, and demonstrate the importance of screening for these known comorbidities. It is important to have the resources and an experienced multi-disciplinary team to follow children and their families through treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Josephine Ho
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michelle Jackman
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Paola Luca
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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16
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Pinquart M. Systematic Review: Bullying Involvement of Children With and Without Chronic Physical Illness and/or Physical/Sensory Disability-a Meta-Analytic Comparison With Healthy/Nondisabled Peers. J Pediatr Psychol 2017; 42:245-259. [PMID: 27784727 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsw081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare levels of victimization and perpetration associated with bullying among children and adolescents with and without chronic physical illnesses and/or physical or sensory disabilities. Methods In total, 107 studies were identified using a systematic search in electronic databases and cross-referencing. A random-effects meta-analysis was computed. Results Children and adolescents with chronic physical illness or disability were more likely to be victims of bullying in general (odds ratio [OR] = 1.65), particularly physical bullying (OR = 1.47), relational bullying (OR = 1.47), verbal bullying (OR = 1.67), cyberbullying (OR = 1.39), and illness-specific teasing (OR = 5.29). They were also more likely to be bullies in general (OR = 1.28), as well physical (OR = 1.38) and relational bullies (OR = 1.13). The effect sizes varied across different illnesses and disabilities and, in part, by visibility of the disease, school type, and year of assessment. Conclusions Although most between-group differences tend to be small, some form of intervention is needed to reduce bullying among children and adolescents with chronic physical illnesses and/or physical or sensory disabilities, and illness-specific weight- and appearance-related teasing in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pinquart
- Department of Psychology, Philipps University, Marburg , Germany
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17
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Flynn JT, Kaelber DC, Baker-Smith CM, Blowey D, Carroll AE, Daniels SR, de Ferranti SD, Dionne JM, Falkner B, Flinn SK, Gidding SS, Goodwin C, Leu MG, Powers ME, Rea C, Samuels J, Simasek M, Thaker VV, Urbina EM. Clinical Practice Guideline for Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics 2017; 140:peds.2017-1904. [PMID: 28827377 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-1904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1912] [Impact Index Per Article: 273.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
These pediatric hypertension guidelines are an update to the 2004 "Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents." Significant changes in these guidelines include (1) the replacement of the term "prehypertension" with the term "elevated blood pressure," (2) new normative pediatric blood pressure (BP) tables based on normal-weight children, (3) a simplified screening table for identifying BPs needing further evaluation, (4) a simplified BP classification in adolescents ≥13 years of age that aligns with the forthcoming American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology adult BP guidelines, (5) a more limited recommendation to perform screening BP measurements only at preventive care visits, (6) streamlined recommendations on the initial evaluation and management of abnormal BPs, (7) an expanded role for ambulatory BP monitoring in the diagnosis and management of pediatric hypertension, and (8) revised recommendations on when to perform echocardiography in the evaluation of newly diagnosed hypertensive pediatric patients (generally only before medication initiation), along with a revised definition of left ventricular hypertrophy. These guidelines include 30 Key Action Statements and 27 additional recommendations derived from a comprehensive review of almost 15 000 published articles between January 2004 and July 2016. Each Key Action Statement includes level of evidence, benefit-harm relationship, and strength of recommendation. This clinical practice guideline, endorsed by the American Heart Association, is intended to foster a patient- and family-centered approach to care, reduce unnecessary and costly medical interventions, improve patient diagnoses and outcomes, support implementation, and provide direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Flynn
- Dr. Robert O. Hickman Endowed Chair in Pediatric Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington;
| | - David C Kaelber
- Departments of Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, Case Western Reserve University and MetroHealth System, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Carissa M Baker-Smith
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Douglas Blowey
- Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City and Children's Mercy Integrated Care Solutions, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Aaron E Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Stephen R Daniels
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver and Pediatrician in Chief, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sarah D de Ferranti
- Director, Preventive Cardiology Clinic, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Janis M Dionne
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bonita Falkner
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan K Flinn
- Consultant, American Academy of Pediatrics, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Samuel S Gidding
- Cardiology Division Head, Nemours Cardiac Center, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Celeste Goodwin
- National Pediatric Blood Pressure Awareness Foundation, Prairieville, Louisiana
| | - Michael G Leu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, University of Washington Medicine and Information Technology Services, and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Makia E Powers
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Morehouse College, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Corinna Rea
- Associate Director, General Academic Pediatric Fellowship, Staff Physician, Boston's Children's Hospital Primary Care at Longwood, Instructor, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joshua Samuels
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, Texas
| | - Madeline Simasek
- Pediatric Education, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Shadyside Family Medicine Residency, Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, and School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vidhu V Thaker
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Elaine M Urbina
- Preventive Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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18
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Jankowicz-Szymanska A, Mikolajczyk E, Wodka K. Correlations Among Foot Arching, Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion, and Obesity Level in Primary School Children. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2017; 107:130-136. [PMID: 28394680 DOI: 10.7547/15-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to assess the prevalence of flat feet in primary school children and to find correlations among arch height, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), and obesity level. METHODS The 400 children aged 10 to 12 years who took part in the study had their body height, weight, and fat percentage measured. Based on these measurements, body mass index was calculated and weight status was categorized for all of the participants. The height of the longitudinal arch of the foot was measured on a computerized podoscope and given in Clarke's angles. Dorsiflexion ROM was assessed with the child in the nonweightbearing sitting position with the knees 90° flexed. The arithmetic mean and standard deviation were implemented to analyze the data. Intergroup differences were assessed by Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and post hoc Tukey tests. Significance was accepted at P = .05. RESULTS Flat feet were found in 36% of participants; limited ROM was found in both feet in 25% of participants and in one foot in 12%. No significant differences in dorsiflexion ROM in children with high-arched, normal, and flat feet were revealed. Excessive body weight was disclosed in 21% of participants. Overweight and obese children had significantly lower foot arches and notably smaller ankle dorsiflexion ROM than those with normal weight. CONCLUSIONS Ankle dorsiflexion ROM is similar in children with high-arched, normal, and flat feet. However, limited dorsiflexion ROM is more often found in children with excessive weight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edyta Mikolajczyk
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wodka
- Institute of Health Sciences, State Higher Vocational School, Tarnow, Poland
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19
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Current status on obesity in childhood and adolescence: Prevalence, etiology, co-morbidities and management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Sedej K, Lusa L, Battelino T, Kotnik P. Stabilization of Overweight and Obesity in Slovenian Adolescents and Increased Risk in Those Entering Non-Grammar Secondary Schools. Obes Facts 2016; 9:241-50. [PMID: 27454351 PMCID: PMC5644814 DOI: 10.1159/000445382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM To estimate overweight and obesity prevalence trends in Slovenian adolescents entering secondary schools in the years 2004, 2009 and 2014 and differences in the prevalence between different types of secondary schools. METHODS Data from 17,538 adolescents entering secondary schools (mean age ± standard deviation 15.4 ± 0.5 years) collected during obligatory medical examination in years 2004, 2009 and 2014 was analyzed. Overweight and obesity were defined using International Obesity Task Force criteria. RESULTS In 2004-2009 overweight and obesity prevalence increased, especially in males and stabilized thereafter (2009-2014) in both genders. It was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in those attending secondary vocational and technical/professional versus grammar schools (2009; 28.7 vs. 16.8% overweight females and 31.6 vs. 22.3% overweight males; 2014: 29.7 vs. 17.9% overweight females and 33.6 vs. 20.4% overweight males). CONCLUSIONS Overweight and obesity prevalence in Slovenian adolescents entering secondary schools stabilized recently. Adolescents attending secondary vocational and technical/professional schools are at an increased risk of overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Sedej
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Childrenʼs Hospital Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lara Lusa
- Institute of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, UMC-University Childrenʼs Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primoz Kotnik
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Childrenʼs Hospital Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Assist. Prof. Dr. Primoz Kotnik, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia,
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Verduci E, Lassandro C, Giacchero R, Miniello VL, Banderali G, Radaelli G. Change in Metabolic Profile after 1-Year Nutritional-Behavioral Intervention in Obese Children. Nutrients 2015; 7:10089-99. [PMID: 26633492 PMCID: PMC4690072 DOI: 10.3390/nu7125520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research findings are inconsistent about improvement of specific cardio-metabolic variables after lifestyle intervention in obese children. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of a 1-year intervention, based on normocaloric diet and physical activity, on body mass index (BMI), blood lipid profile, glucose metabolism and metabolic syndrome. Eighty-five obese children aged ≥6 years were analyzed. The BMI z-score was calculated. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for lipids, insulin and glucose. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated and insulin resistance was defined as HOMA-IR >3.16. HOMA-β%, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and triglyceride glucose index were calculated. The metabolic syndrome was defined in accordance with the International Diabetes Federation criteria. At the end of intervention children showed a reduction (mean (95% CI)) in BMI z-score (-0.58 (-0.66; -0.50)), triglycerides (-0.35 (-0.45; -0.25) mmol/L) and triglyceride glucose index (-0.29 (-0.37; -0.21)), and an increase in HDL cholesterol (0.06 (0.01; 0.11) mmol/L). Prevalence of insulin resistance declined from 51.8% to 36.5% and prevalence of metabolic syndrome from 17.1% to 4.9%. Nutritional-behavioral interventions can improve the blood lipid profile and insulin sensitivity in obese children, and possibly provide benefits in terms of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan 20142, Italy.
| | - Carlotta Lassandro
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan 20142, Italy.
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Milano, Milan 20157, Italy.
| | - Roberta Giacchero
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan 20142, Italy.
| | - Vito Leonardo Miniello
- Department of Pediatrics, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bari 70126, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Banderali
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan 20142, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Radaelli
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan 20142, Italy.
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Do Overweight Adolescents Adhere to Dietary Intervention Messages? Twelve-Month Detailed Dietary Outcomes from Curtin University's Activity, Food and Attitudes Program. Nutrients 2015; 7:4363-82. [PMID: 26043035 PMCID: PMC4488789 DOI: 10.3390/nu7064363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary components of adolescent obesity interventions are rarely evaluated with comprehensive reporting of dietary change. The objective was to assess dietary change in overweight adolescents, including adherence to dietary intervention. The dietary intervention was part of a multi-component intervention (CAFAP) targeting the physical activity, sedentary and healthy eating behaviors of overweight adolescents (n = 69). CAFAP was a staggered entry, within-subject, waitlist controlled clinical trial with 12 months of follow up. Diet was assessed using three-day food records and a brief eating behavior questionnaire. Changes in dietary outcomes were assessed using linear mixed models, adjusted for underreporting. Food record data suggested reduced adherence to dietary intervention messages over time following the intervention, despite conflicting information from the brief eating behavior questionnaire. During the intervention, energy intake was stable but favorable nutrient changes occurred. During the 12 month maintenance period; self-reported eating behaviors improved, energy intake remained stable but dietary fat and saturated fat intake gradually returned to baseline levels. Discrepancies between outcomes from brief dietary assessment methods and three-day food records show differences between perceived and actual intake, highlighting the need for detailed dietary reporting. Further, adherence to dietary intervention principles reduces over time, indicating a need for better maintenance support.
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Toplak H, Woodward E, Yumuk V, Oppert JM, Halford JC, Frühbeck G. 2014 EASO Position Statement on the Use of Anti-Obesity Drugs. Obes Facts 2015; 8:166-74. [PMID: 25968960 PMCID: PMC5644876 DOI: 10.1159/000430801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Toplak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University, Graz, Austria
- *Univ. Prof. Dr. Hermann Toplak, Department of Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria,
| | - Euan Woodward
- European Association for the Study of Obesity, London, UK
| | - Volkan Yumuk
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jean-Michel Oppert
- Department of Nutrition, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital (AP-HP); Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Jason C.G. Halford
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Obesity & Adipobiology Group of the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
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Dalla Valle M, Laatikainen T, Kalliokoski T, Nykänen P, Jääskeläinen J. Childhood obesity in specialist care--searching for a healthy obese child. Ann Med 2015; 47:639-54. [PMID: 26575698 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2015.1083118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One in three obese adults is classified as metabolically healthy, but there is less evidence in obese children. We studied the overall clinical presentation of Finnish obese children and the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors with child-specific cut-offs. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional register-based study of 2-18-year-old children (n = 900) evaluated for obesity in three hospitals in 2005-2012. Clinical and metabolic data were related to sex, age, puberty, and obesity grade and analyzed using chi-square and non-parametric tests. RESULTS In 80% of cases at least one cardiovascular risk factor was present. Only 3% of subjects for whom complete metabolic data were available (n = 360) had no metabolic disorder. Systolic blood pressure was hypertensive in 50.2% and diastolic in 14.5% of the children. The youngest children had highest body mass index SD score. Obesity was more severe in boys than girls (p < 0.001). Hypertensive systolic blood pressure values (p = 0.012), prediabetes (p < 0.001), fatty liver (p < 0.001), and dyslipidemia (p = 0.025) were more prevalent in 15-18-year-old boys than girls. CONCLUSION Most obese children in specialist care have cardiovascular risk factors; this indicates that earlier intervention is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketta Dalla Valle
- a Department of Pediatrics , North Karelia Central Hospital , Joensuu , Finland ;,b Department of Pediatrics , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- c Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland ;,d Health Department , National Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki , Finland ;,e North Karelia Hospital District , Joensuu , Finland
| | - Tomi Kalliokoski
- f School of Medicine , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Päivi Nykänen
- g Department of Pediatrics , Mikkeli Central Hospital , Mikkeli , Finland
| | - Jarmo Jääskeläinen
- b Department of Pediatrics , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland ;,h Department of Pediatrics , Kuopio University Hospital , Kuopio , Finland
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