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Gao H, Liu Q, Wang Z. Different adverse childhood experiences and adolescents' altruism: The mediating role of life history strategy. J Adolesc 2024; 96:5-17. [PMID: 37718625 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study sought to investigate whether the relationship between childhood trauma, childhood socioeconomic (SES), and adolescents' altruism were mediated by their life history strategies and different adverse childhood experiences may function diversely on altruism, with two waves of data collected 6 months apart in a longitudinal design among Chinese adolescents. METHODS A total of 658 adolescents (Mage = 13.51, SD = 0.73 at T1) were recruited and completed the online survey; their life history strategies were measured by the Mini-K, the Delayed of Gratification Questionnaire (DOG), and the Chinese version of the Adolescent Risk-Taking Questionnaire (ARQ-RB) together, and their altruism was collected again after six months. RESULTS After controlling for gender and their altruism at T1, the results showed that childhood trauma (i.e., emotional maltreatment, physical maltreatment), as well as low SES and fast life history strategy, were significantly negatively correlated with adolescents' altruism at T2. Importantly, life history strategy at T1 mediated the relationship between T1 emotional maltreatment, T1 low SES, and adolescents' altruism at T2. However, the effect of physical maltreatment on altruism was not mediated by life history strategy. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that emotional maltreatment and low SES can affect adolescents' altruism by influencing the formation of adolescents' life history strategies. The findings revealed the different influences of adverse childhood experiences on adolescents' altruism, which supplied new empirical evidence for the life history theory and provided certain reference values for cultivating adolescents' altruism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjing Gao
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenhong Wang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Scharpf F, Kızıltepe R, Kirika A, Hecker T. A Systematic Review of the Prevalence and Correlates of Emotional Violence by Teachers. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:2581-2597. [PMID: 35583121 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221102559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for the deleterious impact of emotional violence on children`s well-being and development. This systematic review focused on a) the prevalence and (b) correlates of emotional violence by teachers. A literature search of quantitative and peer-reviewed studies published in English between 1980 and April 2021 was conducted. Eighty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies represented all geographical regions of the world, were predominantly cross-sectional and of moderate quality. Studies were heterogeneous in terms of their samples, conceptualization, and measurement of emotional violence. Results indicated that emotional violence by teachers is prevalent across cultural settings, although large variations within and between regions are noted. It is related to mental health, behavioral and academic problems of children above and beyond physical violence by teachers and victimization by peers and parents. Boys are at higher risk of experiencing emotional violence by teachers than girls. Family dysfunction, low socioeconomic status (of the family or the community), and violent school environments appear to increase risk as well. The observed patterns of co-occurrence of emotional violence with physical violence by teachers and victimization by peers as well as perpetration of violence against peers and teachers lend support to notions of poly-victimization and cycles of violence in the school settings. Future research should use representative surveys, examine antecedents, and consequences of emotional violence by teachers using longitudinal and experimental designs and evaluate interventions to prevent emotional violence by teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Scharpf
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Anette Kirika
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tobias Hecker
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Švecová J, Furstova J, Kaščáková N, Hašto J, Tavel P. The effect of childhood trauma and resilience on psychopathology in adulthood: Does bullying moderate the associations? BMC Psychol 2023; 11:230. [PMID: 37568213 PMCID: PMC10422767 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to traumatic events in childhood, including bullying, can negatively affect physical and mental health in adulthood. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of bullying in different sociodemographic groups of the Slovak Republic and to assess the moderating effect of bullying on the associations between childhood trauma, resilience, and the later occurrence of psychopathology. METHODS For the analyses, a representative sample of the population of the Slovak Republic was used (N = 1018, mean age 46.24 years, 48.7% of men). Multivariate linear regression models were used to investigate the predictive ability of childhood trauma (The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ) and resilience (The Brief Resilience Scale, BRS) to explain psychopathology (The Brief Symptom Inventory, BSI-53). Bullying (The Adverse Childhood Experiences - International Questionnaire, ACE-IQ) was used as a moderator. RESULTS In total, 13.5% of respondents have experienced bullying. The most common form of bullying was making fun of someone because of how their body or face looked (46.7%) and excluding someone from activities or ignoring them (36.5%). Higher scores in all types of psychopathology and the Global Severity Index (GSI) were significantly associated with higher scores of emotional and sexual abuse, and some of them with physical neglect. The protective effect of resilience was moderated by bullying in several types of psychopathology, specifically in somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, psychoticism, and the GSI. CONCLUSION Understanding the links between childhood trauma, bullying, and later psychopathology can help professionals target policies, resources, and interventions to support children and families at risk. Every child should feel accepted and safe at home and school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Švecová
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, Olomouc, 77111, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Furstova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, Olomouc, 77111, Czech Republic
| | - Natália Kaščáková
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, Olomouc, 77111, Czech Republic
- Psychiatric-Psychotherapeutic Outpatient Clinic, Heydukova 27, Bratislava, 81108, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Hašto
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, Olomouc, 77111, Czech Republic
- Psychiatric-Psychotherapeutic Outpatient Clinic, Heydukova 27, Bratislava, 81108, Slovakia
| | - Peter Tavel
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, Olomouc, 77111, Czech Republic
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Liu J, Deng J, Zhang H, Tang X. The relationship between child maltreatment and social anxiety: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 329:157-167. [PMID: 36841306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, child maltreatment has become a serious problem, affecting individuals' physical and mental health. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between child maltreatment and social anxiety. METHODS MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for articles published by October 2021. Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of studies. Maltreatment type, sample setting, age, country and measurement instruments were analyzed as moderators. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Child maltreatment was positively correlated with social anxiety (r = 0.201, 95 % CI [0.171, 0.230]). The moderating effect of maltreatment subtypes was significant whether divided into three types (Qb = 12.152, p = .002), or five types (Qb = 11.574, p = .021). Specifically, emotional maltreatment (r = 0.251, 95 % CI [0.201, 0.298]) had a stronger relationship with social anxiety than physical (r = 0.138, 95 % CI [0.085, 0.191]; Qb = 9.312, p = .002) and sexual maltreatment (r = 0.153, 95 % CI [0.108, 0.197]; Qb = 9.197, p = .002). However, there was no significant difference in the effect size between physical and sexual maltreatment (Qb = 0.096, p = .757). Other variables (age, sample setting and country) were not significant moderators. LIMITATIONS Only twenty-nine studies were included, and there was high heterogeneity among the studies, the interpretation of the results should be cautious. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis confirmed the relationship between child maltreatment and social anxiety, especially highlight the harmfulness of emotional maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Deng
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfeng Tang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China; Interdisciplinary Platform of Philosophy and Cognitive Science, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
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Yu W, Li S, Xiao W, Li X, Wang R, Liu J, Zhang S, Wan Y. Childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese college students: The moderating roles of social phobia and perceived family economic status. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 139:106113. [PMID: 36933367 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury is a heavy burden on affected college students with rippling effects throughout their lives. Childhood maltreatment is strongly associated with non-suicidal self-injury among college students. However, it remains unclear whether perceived family economic status and social phobia exert significant moderating effects on the relationship between childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the perceived family economic status and social phobia moderating the association between childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING This study used data (N = 5297) from two local medical colleges in Anhui province, China. METHODS Respondents completed questionnaires on childhood maltreatment, non-suicidal self-injury, social phobia and perceived family economic status online. Data were analyzed using Spearman's correlation followed by multiple moderation models. RESULTS The association between childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury was moderated by social phobia (β = 0.03, p < 0.05) and perceived family economic status (β = -0.30, p < 0.05). When considered together, both factors were found to play synergistic roles in the association between childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury in college students (β = 0.08, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings highlight that experience of childhood maltreatment, elevated social phobia, and low perceived family economic status increase the risk of non-suicidal self-injury. Future researches are recommended to conduct interventions from a more holistic perspective and integrate perceived family economic status as a relevant factor along with social phobia in coping with non-suicidal self-injury in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- WeiQiang Yu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - ShuQin Li
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wan Xiao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Clinical Medical, Anqing Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Information Technology Office, Anqing Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Union University of Huainan, Anhui, China
| | - Shichen Zhang
- Shool of Public Health and Health Management, Anhui Medical College, Anhui, China.
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Kong F, Zhu N, Ye Y, Li C, Zhang L, Li W. Childhood emotional but not physical or sexual maltreatment predicts prosocial behavior in late adolescence: A daily diary study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 139:106123. [PMID: 36863204 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment (CM), including physical, emotional, and sexual maltreatment, is detrimental to adolescents' psychological and behavioral outcomes. However, most studies on the relationship between CM and prosocial behavior focused on the overall experience of CM. Since different forms of CM exert various influences on adolescents, it is essential to find out which form of CM has the strongest link with prosocial behavior and the underlying mechanism behind it to fully understand this relationship and design a specific intervention for promoting prosocial behavior. OBJECTIVE Guided by internal working model theory and hopelessness theory, this study aimed to investigate the connections of multiple forms of CM with prosocial behavior, and explore the mediating mechanism of gratitude from the perspective of the broaden-and-build theory through a 14-day daily diary study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 240 Chinese late adolescents (217 females; Mage = 19.02, SDage = 1.83) from a college volunteered for this study and completed questionnaires regarding CM, gratitude, and prosocial behavior. METHODS A multilevel regression analysis was conducted to investigate which form of CM was correlated to prosocial behavior, and a multilevel mediation analysis was applied to examine the underlying mechanism (i.e., gratitude) behind this relationship. RESULTS The results of the multilevel regression analysis showed that it was childhood emotional maltreatment, but not physical or sexual maltreatment that negatively predicted prosocial behavior. The results of the multilevel mediation analysis indicated that gratitude mediated the relationship between childhood emotional maltreatment and prosocial behavior. CONCLUSIONS Findings from the present study highlight the predictive effect of childhood emotional maltreatment on late adolescents' prosocial behavior and the mediating role of gratitude in this link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Kong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ningzhe Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linting Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Hou S, Twayigira M, Luo X, Song L, Cui X, Xie Q, Shen Y, Yang F, Yuan X. The relationship between emotional neglect and non-suicidal self-injury among middle school students in China: the mediating role of social anxiety symptoms and insomnia. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:248. [PMID: 37055779 PMCID: PMC10100180 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a vital public concern around the world, and it often starts in adolescence. Emotional neglect (EN) has been considered a distal risk factor for NSSI, but the effects of social anxiety symptoms (SA) and insomnia on this relationship have remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential pathways from EN to NSSI, examining the role of SA and insomnia in this association. METHODS One thousand three hundred thirty seven Chinese middle school students (Mage = 13.040, SD = 0.981, 50.2% males) in China were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed the Emotional Neglect sub-scale of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescent (SAS-A), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and non-suicidal self-injury assessment. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the possible mediation model among these variables. RESULTS 231(17.3%) students reported NSSI history during last year and 322 (24.1%) participants reported experiences of EN. Students who experienced EN have higher rates of NSSI compared to students without EN history (29.2% vs 13.5%). EN, SA, insomnia and NSSI were positively related to each other. Furthermore, both SA and insomnia played a mediating role in the relationship between EN and NSSI, the series mediating effect of SA and insomnia on this association was also significant after controlling for demographics. Indirect effects accounted for 58.26% of the total effects (EN → NSSI). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that EN was associated with NSSI, SA and insomnia play indirect roles in the association between EN and NSSI. The findings of our research may have implications for clinicians, families, and schools in their efforts to lower the risk of NSSI in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Hou
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central South University, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Mireille Twayigira
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xuerong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lintong Song
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xilong Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuxiang Xie
- Department of General Practice, Central South University, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yanmei Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Feilong Yang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central South University, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiuhong Yuan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central South University, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Neuner F. Physical and social trauma: Towards an integrative transdiagnostic perspective on psychological trauma that involves threats to status and belonging. Clin Psychol Rev 2023; 99:102219. [PMID: 36395560 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Current theories of psychological trauma assume that posttraumatic symptoms originate from stress reactions caused by extremely adverse life experiences. Since the diagnosis of PTSD is restricted to events that involve threats to the physical or sexual integrity of a person, such as accidents and physical and sexual violence, these theories are not well suited to explain the psychopathological consequences of severe violations of one's social integrity, such as emotional abuse and bullying. However, it is evident that social threats contribute to a broad range of mental disorders and increase symptom severity in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. The aim of the Physical and Social Trauma (PAST) framework is to extend current memory theories of psychological trauma to incorporate threats to a person's social integrity. Within this perspective, the harmful effects of events that involve social threats result from violations of core social motives such as the need for status and belonging that bring about intense affective reactions, including despair and defeat. Within associative threat structures, these emotions are tied to the stimulus characteristics of the experiences and can be re-activated in social situations. The resulting psychopathology transcends PTSD criteria and other current classifications and suggests a transdiagnostic perspective of psychological trauma. Implications for treatment and further directions for research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Neuner
- Bielefeld University, Department of Psychology, Postbox 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Wang X, Xie R, Ding W, Jiang M, Kayani S, Li W. You Hurt Me, so I Hurt Myself and Others: How Does Childhood Emotional Maltreatment Affect Adolescent Violent Behavior and Suicidal Ideation? JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP22647-NP22672. [PMID: 35130779 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211072177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Violent behavior and suicidal ideation are two major public health problems, with the former representing outward attack and the latter characterizing inward attack. The effects of emotional maltreatment in childhood will continue into adolescence. This study explores the impact of childhood emotional maltreatment on adolescent violent behavior/suicidal ideation and its mechanism. Participants were 3,600 adolescents (average age is 16.21 ± 0.99) from the middle east of China. They completed questionnaires measuring emotional maltreatment in childhood, deviant peer affiliation, depression, violent behavior, and suicidal ideation in adolescence. After controlling for demographic variables, we found that deviant peer affiliation and depression mediated between childhood emotional maltreatment and adolescent violent behavior/suicidal ideation. Multi-group analysis results showed that males' deviant peer affiliation would contribute to their violent behaviors. Among female groups, deviant peer affiliation and depression were risk factors for violent behavior and suicidal ideation. a) cross-sectional design was used in this study; b) all the measures were self-reported. Preventing emotional maltreatment in childhood can help reduce violent behavior and suicidal ideation by reducing deviant peer affiliation and depression in adolescence. Males who experienced emotional maltreatment in childhood are more likely to show violent behaviors shaped by external factors such as deviant peer affiliation. In contrast, females' interpersonal orientation and internalizing factors both influence their external and internal aggressive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Wang
- 66344Parent Education Research Center in Zhejiang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Jinhua, China
| | - Ruibo Xie
- 66344Parent Education Research Center in Zhejiang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Jinhua, China
| | - Wan Ding
- 66344Parent Education Research Center in Zhejiang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Jinhua, China
| | - Min Jiang
- 66344Parent Education Research Center in Zhejiang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Jinhua, China
| | - Sumaira Kayani
- 66344Parent Education Research Center in Zhejiang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Jinhua, China
| | - Weijian Li
- 66344Parent Education Research Center in Zhejiang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Jinhua, China
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Zhang R, Xie R, Ding W, Wang X, Song S, Li W. Why is my world so dark? Effects of child physical and emotional abuse on child depression: The mediating role of self-compassion and negative automatic thoughts. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 129:105677. [PMID: 35640351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adverse effects of childhood maltreatment on the mental health of individuals have received increasing attention. However, it is unclear whether the effects of invisible emotional abuse and visible physical abuse differ on child depression and the mediating processes under this relationship. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether self-compassion and negative automatic thoughts mediated the effects of physical abuse and emotional abuse on child depression and the underlying mechanistic differences. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Using a two-wave longitudinal design, a total of 946 elementary school students completed the self-report questionnaires at two-time points, including child abuse, self-compassion, negative automatic thoughts, and depression. METHODS This study constructed structural equation models (SEM) to examine the mediating role of self-compassion and negative automatic thoughts between emotional/physical abuse and child depression. RESULTS After controlling for demographic covariates, structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that only physical abuse significantly and positively predicted child depression directly (β = 0.16, p < 0.01). Emotional abuse was positively associated with child depression through self-compassion (β = 0.02, p < 0.05) and negative automatic thoughts (β = 0.02, p < 0.05), while physical abuse influenced child depression only via negative automatic thoughts (β = 0.07, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The findings showed a strong association between emotional/physical abuse and child depression, but there were mechanistic differences under these relationships. Therefore, we also need to pay equal attention to the adverse effects of emotional abuse on children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Parent Education Research Center in Zhejiang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ruibo Xie
- Parent Education Research Center in Zhejiang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Wan Ding
- Parent Education Research Center in Zhejiang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Parent Education Research Center in Zhejiang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Shengcheng Song
- Parent Education Research Center in Zhejiang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Weijian Li
- Institute of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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Wang X, Ding W, Xie R, Wu W, Jiang M, Kayani S, Li W. The influence of child maltreatment on teacher-student and peer relationships: The mediating roles of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Iffland B, Neuner F. Peer Victimization Influences Attention Processing Beyond the Effects of Childhood Maltreatment by Caregivers. Front Psychol 2022; 13:784147. [PMID: 35310289 PMCID: PMC8931489 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.784147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different types of maltreatment (emotional, physical, and sexual) lead to distortions in emotion and attention processing. The present study investigated whether the experience of peer victimization in childhood and adolescence has an additional influence on attention processing in adulthood. Methods Two non-clinical samples consisting of individuals with different levels of experiences of maltreatment were recruited. In an evaluative conditioning task, images of faces with neutral emotional expression were either associated with short videos of intense negative statements, or associated with neutral videos. Subsequently, these faces were used as stimuli in an emotional Stroop task as well as a dot-probe task. Results In both tasks, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that retrospective reports of relational peer victimization made an incremental contribution to the prediction of attentional biases beyond child maltreatment. In the emotional Stroop task, emotional abuse was the strongest predictor for an attentional bias showing delayed responses to negatively associated faces, while peer victimization was associated with faster responses to negatively associated faces. In the dot-probe task, relational peer victimization was the strongest predictor for an attentional bias. When the attentional bias was examined in more detail, though, peer victimization did not show incremental contributions although emotional abuse remained the strongest predictor for facilitated attention toward negatively associated neutral faces. Conclusion Experiences of peer victimization leave additional cognitive scars beyond effects of childhood maltreatment by caregivers. It is likely that attentional biases in the aftermath of victimization put individuals at risk for the development of psychopathology.
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Tiwari A, Andrews K, Casey R, Liu A, Tonmyr L, Gonzalez A. Associations Among Child Maltreatment, Mental Health, and Police Contact in Adulthood: Findings From a National Canadian Sample. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:8741-8767. [PMID: 31161854 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519851789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine associations between three subtypes of childhood maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse, and exposure to intimate partner violence) and two forms of adult police contact (criminality, victimization) using nationally representative Canadian data. Presence of a mental health disorder was also explored as a potential mediating variable in these associations. The weighted sample included 23,846 adult participants from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health. Logistic and multinomial regression analyses examined associations among individual and multiple exposures to subtypes of childhood maltreatment with police contact. The Sobel test was used to assess the mediating effect of mental health disorders. Adjusting for sociodemographic variables, results indicated that all maltreatment subtypes were significantly associated with increased odds of both forms of police contact (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 2.06 to 2.95). Presence of a mental health disorder was a partial mediator in the associations between child maltreatment and both forms of adult police contact (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.52 to 2.32). In addition, a dose-response relationship was observed for victimization; as the number of subtypes of maltreatment increased, there was an incremental increase in risk of victimization. Future efforts are needed to prioritize child maltreatment prevention, trauma-informed approaches, mental health awareness, and training in law enforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lil Tonmyr
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Wang M, Wang F, Wang Y, Xing X. Parental Anxiety and Depression Moderate Intergenerational Transmission of Parental Psychological Aggression in China. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:8314-8337. [PMID: 31117915 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519850535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the intergenerational patterns in the transmission of parental psychological aggression in China and the moderating effects of parental anxiety and depression. Participants were 552 children (Mage = 12.81 years, 250 boys) and their parents who were recruited from two junior high schools in Jinan, the capital city of Shandong Province in China. The results showed that both maternal and paternal psychological aggressions were transmitted in Chinese societies, and maternal but not paternal anxiety and depression moderated the transmission of psychological aggression. The strength of transmission was stronger for mothers with high levels of anxiety and depression than those with low levels of anxiety and depression. The findings highlighted the roles of parental distal (psychological aggression experiences) and proximal (negative emotions) factors in their use of psychological aggression and suggested the need for intervention programs to focus on reduction of parental negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Wang
- Research Center for Child Development, College of Elementary Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Research Center for Child Development, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Research Center for Child Development, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopei Xing
- Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Research Center for Child Development, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
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15
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Moreno-López L, Sallie SN, Ioannidis K, Kaser M, Schueler K, Askelund AD, Turner L, van Harmelen AL. RAISE study protocol: a cross-sectional, multilevel, neurobiological study of resilience after individual stress exposure. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e040394. [PMID: 33436466 PMCID: PMC7805358 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This paper describes the protocol for an ongoing project funded by the Royal Society, the Resilience After Individual Stress Exposure (RAISE) study; which aims to examine the factors and mechanisms that facilitate resilient functioning after childhood adversity (CA). METHODS AND ANALYSIS We aim to recruit up to 200 participants. We will use dimension reduction techniques (principal component analysis) on standard-normally transformed individual parameters of mental health, social functioning and CA to calculate a composite measure of adaptive (ie, 'resilient') psychosocial functioning. To examine the neuroimmune responses to stress and their relationship with the brain and social environment, we will use a well validated functional MRI task; the Montreal imaging stress task and venepuncture. We will run group or dimensional comparisons in multiple levels of biological and psychological outcomes, as well as mediation and moderation analyses to study how key biological systems (ie, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the immune system) interrelate and interact with brain function and social influences in order to facilitate resilient functioning after CA. We hypothesise that resilient functioning will be facilitated by reduced morning cortisol and cytokine levels before and after the stressor and improved neural responses to such stress, as well as increased gray matter volume in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, enhanced inhibitory control and emotion regulation, and more friendship and family support. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been reviewed and given favourable opinion by the National Research Ethics Service, NRES Committee East of England-Cambridge Central and external reviewers from the Royal Society (RGF\R1\180064 and RGF\EA\180029). The results of the RAISE study will be disseminated through (1) publications in scientific peer reviewed journals, (2) presentations on relevant scientific conferences and meetings, (3) publications and presentations for the general public and (4) through social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moreno-López
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samantha N Sallie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Fulbourn, UK
| | - Muzaffer Kaser
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Fulbourn, UK
| | - Katja Schueler
- Department for Clinical and Neuropsychology, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Lorinda Turner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne-Laura van Harmelen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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16
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Weitkämper A, Kellner M, Iffland JR, Driessen M, Kley H, Neuner F, Iffland B. Childhood Maltreatment in Individuals With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: The Impact of Cut-Off Scores on Prevalence Rates. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:692492. [PMID: 34295277 PMCID: PMC8291124 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.692492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is a common phenomenon in various psychiatric disorders. Accordingly, patients with disorders from the schizophrenia spectrum (SSD) appear to have high prevalence rates of childhood maltreatment. However, the interpretation and comparability of prevalence rates is impeded by methodological weaknesses and differences such as measures and thresholds used in previous studies. Therefore, we aimed to provide and compare systematically captured data on prevalence rates of all common types of childhood maltreatment in patients with SSD using a standardized and well-established questionnaire and the most frequently used thresholds. The sample consisted of 48 patients with a primary diagnosis of SSD. 58.3-77.1% of the sample experienced at least one type of childhood maltreatment. Prevalence rates for physical abuse, physical neglect, and emotional abuse were dependent on the thresholds used, while equal rates were found for emotional neglect and sexual abuse. Physical neglect (46-67%), and emotional abuse (44-48%) were most commonly reported, followed by emotional neglect (38%), physical abuse (25-38%), and sexual abuse (25%). Additionally, high levels of peer victimization were reported by SSD patients. It appears that childhood maltreatment is a common phenomenon in SSD, even though methodological details, especially cut-off scores, have a substantial impact on the prevalence rates that are determined. Therefore, the methodology of studies should be closely examined when drawing conclusions from presented prevalence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Weitkämper
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Kellner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital Herford, Herford, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Driessen
- Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hanna Kley
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Outpatient Clinic, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Frank Neuner
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Benjamin Iffland
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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17
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Reinhard MA, Dewald-Kaufmann J, Wüstenberg T, Musil R, Barton BB, Jobst A, Padberg F. The vicious circle of social exclusion and psychopathology: a systematic review of experimental ostracism research in psychiatric disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:521-532. [PMID: 31586242 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Social exclusion (ostracism) is a major psychosocial factor contributing to the development and persistence of psychiatric disorders and is also related to their social stigma. However, its specific role in different disorders is not evident, and comprehensive social psychology research on ostracism has rather focused on healthy individuals and less on psychiatric patients. Here, we systematically review experimental studies investigating psychological and physiological reactions to ostracism in different responses of psychiatric disorders. Moreover, we propose a theoretical model of the interplay between psychiatric symptoms and ostracism. A systematic MEDLINE and PsycINFO search was conducted including 52 relevant studies in various disorders (some of which evaluated more than one disorder): borderline personality disorder (21 studies); major depressive disorder (11 studies); anxiety (7 studies); autism spectrum disorder (6 studies); schizophrenia (6 studies); substance use disorders (4 studies); and eating disorders (2 studies). Psychological and physiological effects of ostracism were assessed with various experimental paradigms: e.g., virtual real-time interactions (Cyberball), social feedback and imagined scenarios. We critically review the main results of these studies and propose the overall concept of a vicious cycle where psychiatric symptoms increase the chance of being ostracized, and ostracism consolidates or even aggravates psychopathology. However, the specificity and stability of reactions to ostracism, their neurobiological underpinnings, determinants, and moderators (e.g., attachment style, childhood trauma, and rejection sensitivity) remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias A Reinhard
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Julia Dewald-Kaufmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Hochschule Fresenius, University of Applied Sciences, Infanteriestr. 11a, 80797, Munich, Germany
| | - Torsten Wüstenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Musil
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara B Barton
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Jobst
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Padberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
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18
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Wendt FR, Pathak GA, Tylee DS, Goswami A, Polimanti R. Heterogeneity and Polygenicity in Psychiatric Disorders: A Genome-Wide Perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:2470547020924844. [PMID: 32518889 PMCID: PMC7254587 DOI: 10.1177/2470547020924844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed for many psychiatric disorders and revealed a complex polygenic architecture linking mental and physical health phenotypes. Psychiatric diagnoses are often heterogeneous, and several layers of trait heterogeneity may contribute to detection of genetic risks per disorder or across multiple disorders. In this review, we discuss these heterogeneities and their consequences on the discovery of risk loci using large-scale genetic data. We primarily highlight the ways in which sex and diagnostic complexity contribute to risk locus discovery in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette’s syndrome and chronic tic disorder, anxiety disorders, suicidality, feeding and eating disorders, and substance use disorders. Genetic data also have facilitated discovery of clinically relevant subphenotypes also described here. Collectively, GWAS of psychiatric disorders revealed that the understanding of heterogeneity, polygenicity, and pleiotropy is critical to translate genetic findings into treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank R Wendt
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gita A Pathak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel S Tylee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aranyak Goswami
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
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19
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Brühl A, Kley H, Grocholewski A, Neuner F, Heinrichs N. Child maltreatment, peer victimization, and social anxiety in adulthood: a cross-sectional study in a treatment-seeking sample. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:418. [PMID: 31882002 PMCID: PMC6935074 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2400-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adversities, especially emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and peer victimization are considered to be crucial risk factors for social anxiety disorder (SAD). We investigated whether particular forms of retrospectively recalled childhood adversities are specifically associated with SAD in adulthood or whether we find similar links in other anxiety or depressive disorders. METHODS Prevalences of adversities assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and a questionnaire of stressful social experiences (FBS) were determined in N = 1091 outpatients. Adversity severities among patients with SAD only (n = 25), specific phobia only (n = 18), and generalized anxiety disorder only (n = 19) were compared. Differences between patients with anxiety disorders only (n = 62) and depressive disorders only (n = 239) as well as between SAD with comorbid depressive disorders (n = 143) and SAD only were tested. RESULTS None of the adversity types were found to be specifically associated with SAD and severities did not differ among anxiety disorders but patients with depressive disorders reported more severe emotional abuse, physical abuse, and sexual abuse than patients with anxiety disorders. SAD patients with a comorbid depressive disorder also reported more severe adversities across all types compared to SAD only. CONCLUSION Findings indicate that particular forms of recalled childhood adversities are not specifically associated with SAD in adulthood. Previously established links with SAD may be better explained by comorbid depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Brühl
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bremen, Grazer Strasse 2, 28359, Bremen, Germany. .,Department of Psychology, Institute of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Assessment, Outpatient clinic, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstr. 33, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Hanna Kley
- 0000 0001 0944 9128grid.7491.bDepartment of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Outpatient clinic, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 2-4, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anja Grocholewski
- 0000 0001 1090 0254grid.6738.aDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Assessment, Outpatient clinic, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstr. 33, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frank Neuner
- 0000 0001 0944 9128grid.7491.bDepartment of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Outpatient clinic, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 2-4, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nina Heinrichs
- 0000 0001 2297 4381grid.7704.4Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bremen, Grazer Strasse 2, 28359 Bremen, Germany ,0000 0001 1090 0254grid.6738.aDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Assessment, Outpatient clinic, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstr. 33, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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20
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McDougall J, DeWit DJ, Wright FV. Social anxiety symptoms among youth with chronic health conditions: trajectories and related factors. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 42:3293-3305. [PMID: 30950664 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1590742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This study explored three-year trajectories of social anxiety symptoms among youth with chronic health conditions and investigated factors influencing those trajectories.Methods: Participants (N = 439) were recruited from eight pediatric rehabilitation centers. The Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised measured social anxiety across four time points. Latent Class Growth Analysis was used to study trajectories and logistic regression to identify related factors.Results: A three-class solution was supported: a "high anxiety and stable" group (17.1%), a "moderate anxiety and stable" group (44.4%), and a "low anxiety and stable" group (38.5%). Youth in the "moderate and stable" group were less likely to be male compared to the "low and stable" group. Youth in the "high and stable" group were more likely to have greater cognitive symptoms and less likely to have higher levels of social participation compared to the "low and stable" group. Youth in both the "high and stable" and "moderate and stable" groups were less likely to have high support from classmates or close friends compared to the "low and stable" group. Moreover, both the "high and stable" and "moderate and stable" groups were less likely to have positive family functioning.Conclusion: Youth with chronic conditions belonging to "high and stable" and "moderate and stable" social anxiety trajectories can be distinguished from those in a "low and stable" trajectory using personal, functional, and environmental level variables.Implications for RehabilitationYouth with chronic health conditions are at risk of developing and maintaining moderate to high levels of social anxiety symptoms as they move through adolescence.Compared to youth with "low and stable" social anxiety, those with "moderate and stable" social anxiety are less likely to be male, have high peer support or high family functioning.Compared to youth with "low and stable" social anxiety, those with "high and stable" social anxiety are more likely to have greater cognitive symptoms, and less likely to have high social participation, high peer support, or high family functioning.Rehabilitation and other professionals should not only consider factors that are functional in nature; they should also consider personal and environmental level factors when supporting youth with chronic health conditions who experience social anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette McDougall
- Thames Valley Children's Centre, Research Program, London, ON, Canada.,School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David J DeWit
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - F Virginia Wright
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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21
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The association of maltreatment and socially deviant behavior––Findings from a national study with adolescent students and their parents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mhp.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Iffland B, Weitkämper A, Weitkämper NJ, Neuner F. Attentional avoidance in peer victimized individuals with and without psychiatric disorders. BMC Psychol 2019; 7:12. [PMID: 30795803 PMCID: PMC6387543 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-019-0284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attentional biases are a relatively robust phenomenon among clinical populations but less pronounced in healthy participants. However, regarding the components of attentional biases and the directions of attention allocation, there are several inconsistencies in the literature. The present study examined whether these inconsistencies can be traced back to previous experiences of relational peer victimization in clinical populations. Methods Participants were subjects with a diagnosed psychiatric disorder (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 31). Additionally, the sample was divided into two subgroups according to the participants’ reports of previous relational peer victimization (high peer victimization: n = 28; low peer victimization: n = 33). Attentional biases were measured by the Emotional Stroop task and a dot-probe task. Results In both samples, peer victimized participants showed delayed response times when color-naming negative and positive compared to neutral adjectives in the Emotional Stroop task. Likewise, the dot-probe task indicated attentional avoidance of both negative and positive words in peer victimized participants with and without a psychiatric disorder. Interestingly, presence of a psychiatric disorder did not have a significant effect on attentional biases. Conclusion Both tasks could detect that attentional processes were linked to the experience of peer victimization rather than to the current diagnostic status of the participants. Attentional avoidance of emotional stimuli may prevent victimized individuals from responding adequately to environmental stimuli, which may increase the risk for the development of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Iffland
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Postbox 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Angelina Weitkämper
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Postbox 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nicolai J Weitkämper
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Postbox 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Frank Neuner
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Postbox 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
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23
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Labudda K, Illies D, Herzig C, Schröder K, Bien CG, Neuner F. Current psychiatric disorders in patients with epilepsy are predicted by maltreatment experiences during childhood. Epilepsy Res 2017. [PMID: 28622538 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood maltreatment has been shown to be a risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders. Although the prevalence of psychiatric disorders is high in epilepsy patients, it is unknown if childhood maltreatment experiences are elevated compared to the normal population and if early maltreatment is a risk factor for current psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy patients. This is the main purpose of this study. METHODS Structured interviews were used to assess current Axis I diagnoses in 120 epilepsy patients from a tertiary Epilepsy Center (34 TLE patients, 86 non-TLE patients). Childhood maltreatment in the family and peer victimization were assessed with validated questionnaires. Patients' maltreatment scores were compared with those of a representative matched control group. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the potential impact of childhood maltreatment on current psychiatric comorbidity in epilepsy patients. RESULTS Compared to a matched control group, epilepsy patients had higher emotional and sexual maltreatment scores. Patients with a current psychiatric diagnosis reported more family and peer maltreatment than patients without a psychiatric disorder. Family maltreatment scores predicted the likelihood of a current psychiatric disorder. TLE patients did not differ from non-TLE patients according to maltreatment experiences and rates of current psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that in epilepsy patients emotional and sexual childhood maltreatment is experienced more often than in the normal population and that early maltreatment is a general risk factor for psychiatric comorbidities in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Labudda
- Bielefeld University, Department of Psychology, Bielefeld, Germany; Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Dominik Illies
- Bielefeld University, Department of Psychology, Bielefeld, Germany; Epilepsy Center Bethel, Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herzig
- Bielefeld University, Department of Psychology, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | | | - Frank Neuner
- Bielefeld University, Department of Psychology, Bielefeld, Germany
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24
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Zhang Y, Ming QS, Yi JY, Wang X, Chai QL, Yao SQ. Gene-Gene-Environment Interactions of Serotonin Transporter, Monoamine Oxidase A and Childhood Maltreatment Predict Aggressive Behavior in Chinese Adolescents. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:17. [PMID: 28203149 PMCID: PMC5285338 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene-environment interactions that moderate aggressive behavior have been identified independently in the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene and monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA). The aim of the present study was to investigate epistasis interactions between MAOA-variable number tandem repeat (VNTR), 5-HTTlinked polymorphism (LPR) and child abuse and the effects of these on aggressive tendencies in a group of otherwise healthy adolescents. A group of 546 Chinese male adolescents completed the Child Trauma Questionnaire and Youth self-report of the Child Behavior Checklist. Buccal cells were collected for DNA analysis. The effects of childhood abuse, MAOA-VNTR, 5-HTTLPR genotypes and their interactive gene-gene-environmental effects on aggressive behavior were analyzed using a linear regression model. The effect of child maltreatment was significant, and a three-way interaction among MAOA-VNTR, 5-HTTLPR and sexual abuse (SA) relating to aggressive behaviors was identified. Chinese male adolescents with high expression of the MAOA-VNTR allele and 5-HTTLPR “SS” genotype exhibited the highest aggression tendencies with an increase in SA during childhood. The findings reported support aggression being a complex behavior involving the synergistic effects of gene-gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China; Medical College, North West University for NationalitiesLanzhou, China
| | - Qing-Sen Ming
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Yao Yi
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
| | - Qiao-Lian Chai
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
| | - Shu-Qiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
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Aho N, Proczkowska-Björklund M, Svedin CG. Victimization, polyvictimization, and health in Swedish adolescents. ADOLESCENT HEALTH MEDICINE AND THERAPEUTICS 2016; 7:89-99. [PMID: 27616895 PMCID: PMC5008259 DOI: 10.2147/ahmt.s109587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this article was to study the relationship between the different areas of victimization (eg, sexual victimization) and psychological symptoms, taking into account the full range of victimization domains. The final aim was to contribute further evidence regarding the bias that studies that focus on just one area of victimization may be introduced into our psychological knowledge. The sample included 5,960 second-year high school students in Sweden with a mean age of 17.3 years (range =16–20 years, standard deviation =0.652), of which 49.6% were females and 50.4% males. The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire and the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children were used to assess victimization and psychological problems separately. The results show that a majority of adolescents have been victimized, females reported more total events and more sexual victimization and childhood maltreatment, and males were more often victims of conventional crime. The majority of victimization domains as well as the sheer number of events (polyvictimization [PV]) proved to be harmful to adolescent health, affecting females more than males. PV explained part of the health effect and had an impact on its own and in relation to each domain. This suggests the possibility that PV to a large degree explains trauma symptoms. In order to understand the psychological effects of trauma, clinicians and researchers should take into account the whole range of possible types of victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Aho
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Proczkowska-Björklund
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Carl Göran Svedin
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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González-Díez Z, Orue I, Calvete E. The role of emotional maltreatment and looming cognitive style in the development of social anxiety symptoms in late adolescents. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2016; 30:26-38. [DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2016.1188920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hecker T, Hermenau K, Salmen C, Teicher M, Elbert T. Harsh discipline relates to internalizing problems and cognitive functioning: findings from a cross-sectional study with school children in Tanzania. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:118. [PMID: 27129400 PMCID: PMC4850652 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment poses a risk to children and adolescents' mental health and may also affect cognitive functioning. Also harsh discipline has been frequently associated with mental health problems. However, within societies in which harsh disciplinary methods are culturally normed and highly prevalent less is known about the association between harsh punishment, mental health problems, and cognitive functioning. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, we conducted structured clinical interviews with a sample of Tanzanian primary school students assessing exposure to harsh discipline (Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure), internalizing problems (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, Children's Depression Inventory), and working memory (Corsi Blocktapping Task). School performance was measured by using the exam grades in 4 core subjects. The 409 children (52% boys) had a mean age of 10.5 years (range: 6 - 15). RESULTS Using structural equation modeling, a strong relationship was found between harsh discipline and internalizing problems (β = .47), which were related to lower working memory capacity (β = -.17) and school performance (β = -.17). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that harsh discipline is closely linked to children's internalizing mental health problems, which are in turn associated with lower cognitive functioning and school performance. Given the high rates of harsh discipline experienced by children in East African homes and elsewhere, the findings of the present study emphasize the need to inform the population at large about the potentially adverse consequences associated with harsh discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hecker
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestr. 14/17, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Box 905, 78457, Konstanz, Germany. .,vivo international, Box 5108, 78430, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Katharin Hermenau
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Box 905, 78457 Konstanz, Germany ,vivo international, Box 5108, 78430 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Martin Teicher
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, 02215 Boston, MA USA ,Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, 02478 Belmont, MA USA
| | - Thomas Elbert
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Box 905, 78457 Konstanz, Germany ,vivo international, Box 5108, 78430 Konstanz, Germany
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Wabnitz P, Martens U, Neuner F. Written threat: Electrophysiological evidence for an attention bias to affective words in social anxiety disorder. Cogn Emot 2015; 30:516-38. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2015.1019837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Haferkamp L, Bebermeier A, Möllering A, Neuner F. Dissociation is associated with emotional maltreatment in a sample of traumatized women with a history of child abuse. J Trauma Dissociation 2015; 16:86-99. [PMID: 25365464 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2014.959149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Theories of dissociation emphasize that symptoms of dissociation are correlated with traumatic events. Although the association of dissociative symptoms and retrospective reports of child abuse with a focus on mainly sexual and physical abuse has been well documented, investigation of the contribution of emotional or psychological types of maltreatment to the prediction of dissociation has been neglected to a great extent. The aim of this study was to determine the differential impact of different types of maltreatment on dissociative symptoms in a sample of 203 female residential patients treated for posttraumatic stress disorder linked to child maltreatment. Moreover, it was examined whether the link between dissociation and child maltreatment is direct or indirect. Subjects completed questionnaires on child maltreatment, posttraumatic stress, and dissociative symptoms. Although all types of maltreatment were related to dissociative symptoms, emotional abuse was the strongest and most direct predictor of dissociation in multivariate hierarchical analyses with the influence of other trauma types being confounded by emotional abuse. This study highlights the importance of emotional types of maltreatment for the genesis of dissociative symptoms in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Haferkamp
- a Department of Psychology , Bielefeld University , Bielefeld , Germany
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Sansen LM, Iffland B, Neuner F. Peer victimization predicts psychological symptoms beyond the effects of child maltreatment. Psychiatry Res 2014; 220:1051-8. [PMID: 25440718 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Experiences of peer victimization have been repeatedly associated with psychological symptoms and disorders. However, as peer victimization is correlated with child maltreatment occurring within the family, it remains unclear whether the pathological effect of peer victimization is an artifact that can be attributed to previous aversive events. To separate the effects of peer victimization from child maltreatment, we studied both event types as well as psychological symptoms in a mixed clinical sample of ambulant and psychiatric patients (N=168), a self-selected community sample recruited through the internet (N=995), and a student sample (N=272). Hierarchical regression analyses showed that, after controlling for child maltreatment, peer victimization accounted for an incremental proportion of the variance of different symptom dimensions in each sample. These results indicate that peer victimization is an independent predictor of psychopathology.
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Sansen LM, Iffland B, Neuner F. The trauma of peer victimization: Psychophysiological and emotional characteristics of memory imagery in subjects with social anxiety disorder. Psychophysiology 2014; 52:107-16. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Sansen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy; Bielefeld University; Bielefeld Germany
- Christoph-Dornier-Stiftung für Klinische Psychologie (Christoph Dornier Foundation); Bielefeld Germany
| | - Benjamin Iffland
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy; Bielefeld University; Bielefeld Germany
| | - Frank Neuner
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy; Bielefeld University; Bielefeld Germany
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Potthast N, Neuner F, Catani C. The contribution of emotional maltreatment to alcohol dependence in a treatment-seeking sample. Addict Behav 2014; 39:949-58. [PMID: 24561015 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies reporting a link between child maltreatment and addiction have typically focused on physical and sexual abuse. In contrast, emotional maltreatment has rarely been studied in substance-abusing samples although it is associated with a wide range of dysfunction. The current study aimed to determine the specific impact of different types of maltreatment and peer victimization on alcohol dependence and to examine the potentially mediating role of psychopathology. A sample of treatment seeking adults with alcohol dependence (N=72) underwent an extensive clinical examination including both a standardized interview and self-report measures. Child maltreatment, peer victimization, severity of alcohol dependence, and general psychopathology were assessed. Regression analyses revealed that emotional maltreatment was the strongest predictor of alcohol dependence severity whereas a unique contribution of peer victimization was not found. Our findings suggest that emotional maltreatment might have a major role in the etiology of AD that seems to exceed the contribution of other abuse and victimization experiences. Thereby, the study underscores the need for considering child maltreatment experiences in the prevention and treatment of AD.
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van Harmelen AL, van Tol MJ, Dalgleish T, van der Wee NJA, Veltman DJ, Aleman A, Spinhoven P, Penninx BWJH, Elzinga BM. Hypoactive medial prefrontal cortex functioning in adults reporting childhood emotional maltreatment. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2014; 9:2026-33. [PMID: 24493840 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) has adverse effects on medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) morphology, a structure that is crucial for cognitive functioning and (emotional) memory and which modulates the limbic system. In addition, CEM has been linked to amygdala hyperactivity during emotional face processing. However, no study has yet investigated the functional neural correlates of neutral and emotional memory in adults reporting CEM. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated CEM-related differential activations in mPFC during the encoding and recognition of positive, negative and neutral words. The sample (N = 194) consisted of patients with depression and/or anxiety disorders and healthy controls (HC) reporting CEM (n = 96) and patients and HC reporting no abuse (n = 98). We found a consistent pattern of mPFC hypoactivation during encoding and recognition of positive, negative and neutral words in individuals reporting CEM. These results were not explained by psychopathology or severity of depression or anxiety symptoms, or by gender, level of neuroticism, parental psychopathology, negative life events, antidepressant use or decreased mPFC volume in the CEM group. These findings indicate mPFC hypoactivity in individuals reporting CEM during emotional and neutral memory encoding and recognition. Our findings suggest that CEM may increase individuals' risk to the development of psychopathology on differential levels of processing in the brain; blunted mPFC activation during higher order processing and enhanced amygdala activation during automatic/lower order emotion processing. These findings are vital in understanding the long-term consequences of CEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laura van Harmelen
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Postzone C2-S, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands, Clinical, Health and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Pieter de la Court Gebouw, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 189 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK, CB2 2QQ, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands, Neuro-imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 29713 AW Groningen, the Netherlands, Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 7EF, and Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, A.J. Ernststraat 1187, 1081 HL Amsterdam, the Netherlands Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Postzone C2-S, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands, Clinical, Health and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Pieter de la Court Gebouw, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 189 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK, CB2 2QQ, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands, Neuro-imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 29713 AW Groningen, the Netherlands, Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 7EF, and Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, A.J. Ernststraat 1187, 1081 HL Amsterdam, the Netherlands Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Postzone C2-S, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands, Clinical, Health and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Pieter de la
| | - Marie-José van Tol
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Postzone C2-S, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands, Clinical, Health and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Pieter de la Court Gebouw, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 189 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK, CB2 2QQ, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands, Neuro-imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 29713 AW Groningen, the Netherlands, Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 7EF, and Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, A.J. Ernststraat 1187, 1081 HL Amsterdam, the Netherlands Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Postzone C2-S, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands, Clinical, Health and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Pieter de la Court Gebouw, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 189 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK, CB2 2QQ, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands, Neuro-imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 29713 AW Groningen, the Netherlands, Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 7EF, and Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, A.J. Ernststraat 1187, 1081 HL Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Dalgleish
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Postzone C2-S, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands, Clinical, Health and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Pieter de la Court Gebouw, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 189 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK, CB2 2QQ, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands, Neuro-imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 29713 AW Groningen, the Netherlands, Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 7EF, and Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, A.J. Ernststraat 1187, 1081 HL Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Postzone C2-S, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands, Clinical, Health and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Pieter de la Court Gebouw, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 189 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK, CB2 2QQ, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands, Neuro-imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 29713 AW Groningen, the Netherlands, Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 7EF, and Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, A.J. Ernststraat 1187, 1081 HL Amsterdam, the Netherlands Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Postzone C2-S, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands, Clinical, Health and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Pieter de la Court Gebouw, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 189 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK, CB2 2QQ, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands, Neuro-imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 29713 AW Groningen, the Netherlands, Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 7EF, and Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, A.J. Ernststraat 1187, 1081 HL Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Postzone C2-S, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands, Clinical, Health and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Pieter de la Court Gebouw, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 189 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK, CB2 2QQ, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands, Neuro-imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 29713 AW Groningen, the Netherlands, Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 7EF, and Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, A.J. Ernststraat 1187, 1081 HL Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - André Aleman
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Postzone C2-S, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands, Clinical, Health and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Pieter de la Court Gebouw, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 189 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK, CB2 2QQ, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands, Neuro-imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 29713 AW Groningen, the Netherlands, Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 7EF, and Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, A.J. Ernststraat 1187, 1081 HL Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Spinhoven
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Postzone C2-S, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands, Clinical, Health and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Pieter de la Court Gebouw, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 189 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK, CB2 2QQ, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands, Neuro-imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 29713 AW Groningen, the Netherlands, Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 7EF, and Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, A.J. Ernststraat 1187, 1081 HL Amsterdam, the Netherlands Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Postzone C2-S, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands, Clinical, Health and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Pieter de la Court Gebouw, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 189 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK, CB2 2QQ, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands, Neuro-imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 29713 AW Groningen, the Netherlands, Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 7EF, and Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, A.J. Ernststraat 1187, 1081 HL Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Postzone C2-S, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands, Clinical, Health and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Pieter de la Court Gebouw, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 189 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK, CB2 2QQ, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands, Neuro-imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 29713 AW Groningen, the Netherlands, Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 7EF, and Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, A.J. Ernststraat 1187, 1081 HL Amsterdam, the Netherlands Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Postzone C2-S, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands, Clinical, Health and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Pieter de la Court Gebouw, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 189 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK, CB2 2QQ, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands, Neuro-imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 29713 AW Groningen, the Netherlands, Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 7EF, and Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, A.J. Ernststraat 1187, 1081 HL Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bernet M Elzinga
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Postzone C2-S, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands, Clinical, Health and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Pieter de la Court Gebouw, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 189 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK, CB2 2QQ, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands, Neuro-imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 29713 AW Groningen, the Netherlands, Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 7EF, and Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, A.J. Ernststraat 1187, 1081 HL Amsterdam, the Netherlands Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Postzone C2-S, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands, Clinical, Health and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Pieter de la Court Gebouw, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 189 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK, CB2 2QQ, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands, Neuro-imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 29713 AW Groningen, the Netherlands, Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 7EF, and Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, A.J. Ernststraat 1187, 1081 HL Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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van Harmelen AL, Hauber K, Gunther Moor B, Spinhoven P, Boon AE, Crone EA, Elzinga BM. Childhood emotional maltreatment severity is associated with dorsal medial prefrontal cortex responsivity to social exclusion in young adults. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85107. [PMID: 24416347 PMCID: PMC3885678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Children who have experienced chronic parental rejection and exclusion during childhood, as is the case in childhood emotional maltreatment, may become especially sensitive to social exclusion. This study investigated the neural and emotional responses to social exclusion (with the Cyberball task) in young adults reporting childhood emotional maltreatment. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated brain responses and self-reported distress to social exclusion in 46 young adult patients and healthy controls (mean age = 19.2±2.16) reporting low to extreme childhood emotional maltreatment. Consistent with prior studies, social exclusion was associated with activity in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex. In addition, severity of childhood emotional maltreatment was positively associated with increased dorsal medial prefrontal cortex responsivity to social exclusion. The dorsal medial prefrontal cortex plays a crucial role in self-and other-referential processing, suggesting that the more individuals have been rejected and maltreated in childhood, the more self- and other- processing is elicited by social exclusion in adulthood. Negative self-referential thinking, in itself, enhances cognitive vulnerability for the development of psychiatric disorders. Therefore, our findings may underlie the emotional and behavioural difficulties that have been reported in adults reporting childhood emotional maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laura van Harmelen
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute for Brain & Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands
- University of Cambridge, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Hauber
- De Jutters, Youth Mental Health Care Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Bregtje Gunther Moor
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute for Brain & Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Spinhoven
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute for Brain & Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert E. Boon
- De Jutters, Youth Mental Health Care Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
- De Fjord Lucertis, Centre for Orthopsychiatry and Forensic Youth Psychiatry, Capelle aan den IJssel, The Netherlands
- Curium-Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline A. Crone
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute for Brain & Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bernet M. Elzinga
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute for Brain & Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands
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