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Kim S, Hwang J, Lee JH, Park J, Kim HJ, Son Y, Oh H, Smith L, Kang J, Fond G, Boyer L, Rahmati M, Tully MA, Pizzol D, Udeh R, Lee J, Lee H, Lee S, Yon DK. Psychosocial alterations during the COVID-19 pandemic and the global burden of anxiety and major depressive disorders in adolescents, 1990-2021: challenges in mental health amid socioeconomic disparities. World J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s12519-024-00837-8. [PMID: 39162949 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-024-00837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a global health crisis, profoundly impacted all aspects of daily life. Adolescence, a pivotal stage of psychological and social development, is heavily influenced by the psychosocial and socio-cultural context. Hence, it is imperative to thoroughly understand the psychosocial changes adolescents experienced during the pandemic and implement effective management initiatives. DATA SOURCES We examined the incidence rates of depressive and anxiety disorders among adolescents aged 10-19 years globally and regionally. We utilized data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 to compare pre-pandemic (2018-2019) and pandemic (2020-2021) periods. Our investigation covered 204 countries and territories across the six World Health Organization regions. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar, employing search terms such as "psychosocial", "adolescent", "youth", "risk factors", "COVID-19 pandemic", "prevention", and "intervention". RESULTS During the pandemic, the mental health outcomes of adolescents deteriorated, particularly in terms of depressive and anxiety disorders. According to GBD 2021, the incidence rate of anxiety disorders increased from 720.26 [95% uncertainty intervals (UI) = 548.90-929.19] before the COVID-19 pandemic (2018-2019) to 880.87 per 100,000 people (95% UI = 670.43-1132.58) during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021). Similarly, the incidence rate of major depressive disorder increased from 2333.91 (95% UI = 1626.92-3138.55) before the COVID-19 pandemic to 3030.49 per 100,000 people (95% UI = 2096.73-4077.73) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This worsening was notably pronounced in high-income countries (HICs). Rapid environmental changes, including heightened social anxiety, school closures, economic crises, and exacerbated racism, have been shown to adversely affect the mental well-being of adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The abrupt shift to remote learning and the absence of in-person social interactions heightened feelings of loneliness, anxiety, sadness, and stress among adolescents. This change magnified existing socioeconomic disparities, posing additional challenges. These complexities profoundly impact adolescents' well-being, especially vulnerable groups like those from HICs, females, and minorities. Acknowledging the underreporting bias in low- to middle-income countries highlights the importance of addressing these mental health alterations in assessments and interventions within these regions as well. Urgent interventions are crucial as the pandemic-induced mental stress may have lasting effects on adolescents' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeun Kim
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Hwang
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Lee
- Health and Human Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaeyu Park
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Kim
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yejun Son
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hans Oh
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jiseung Kang
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guillaume Fond
- Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mark A Tully
- School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Damiano Pizzol
- Health Unit Eni, Maputo, Mozambique
- Health Unit, Eni, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Raphael Udeh
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Jinseok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University College of Electronics and Information, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Hayeon Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University College of Electronics and Information, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Sooji Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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Yoo N, Jang SH. Does social empathy moderate fear-induced minority blaming during the COVID-19 pandemic? Soc Sci Med 2024; 346:116719. [PMID: 38447336 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the minority-blaming phenomenon in South Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic amplified fear, discrimination, and structural inequalities among minoritized groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study identified who was blamed for the spread of COVID-19 and the sociodemographic characteristics associated with this blame. Additionally, it examines the roles of individual and interpersonal fear and social empathy in minority blaming. We measured the fear of COVID-19 at both individual and interpersonal levels. Individual fear was assessed through personal health concerns, while the fear of transmitting the virus to others was measured as interpersonal fear. Social empathy was defined by macro perspective-taking, cognitive empathy, self-other awareness, and affective responses. The study was conducted through an online survey involving a quota sample of 1,500 South Korean participants aged 19-69 years, based on age, gender, and residential area. The response was collected in December 2020, when mass infections in specific communities received attention from mass and social media before the national spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Analytical strategies, including OLS and hierarchical regression models, were employed to examine the roles of socioeconomic factors, individual and interpersonal fear, and social empathy in minority blaming. This study found varying correlations between sociodemographic factors and attitudes toward ethnic, religious, sexual, economic, and age-minority groups. Individual fear of contracting COVID-19 was associated with increased blame across all minority groups. In contrast, interpersonal fear was associated with increased blame only for ethnic and religious minority groups. Similarly, social empathy presented mixed associations, as it displayed a buffering role on blaming ethnic, religious, and sexual minorities when considered alongside interpersonal fear, yet mildly intensified blame for economic and age minorities. These findings provide an understanding on fear-induced minority blaming during the pandemic and the potential role of social empathy in mitigating blame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nari Yoo
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, 1 Washington Square N, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Sou Hyun Jang
- Department of Sociology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Liu R, Chen C. How news reporting exacerbated the monkeypox pandemic in Spain and the US: A corpus-based news values analysis. Glob Public Health 2024; 19:2320422. [PMID: 38416941 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2024.2320422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Media reporting greatly influences the civilians' mentality, which further exacerbates or mitigates outbreaks of infectious diseases, prolongs or shortens the pandemic process. Adopting corpus linguistic methods and Discursive news values analysis (DNVA) framework, this study examined the news values through key words, naming strategies and photographs in monkeypox-themed news reporting in Spanish and the US media, to analyse how they constructed the monkeypox pandemic in their news reporting, sold it to the public and exacerbated the pandemic in the two societies. The results show that the Spanish media constructed the monkeypox pandemic predominantly as an international medical event, distancing the monkeypox pandemic from the Spanish indigenous context and depriving the domestic audiences from the sense of urgency to take prevention actions. On the other hand, the US media mainly packaged the monkeypox pandemic as a political event which isolated this public health crisis from the life of the common people and hindered the US citizens' understanding of the requisite medical information about the monkeypox virus. It is concluded that the lack of indigenous focus of the Spanish media, and the excessively politicised focus of the US media are important factors that lead to the exacerbation of the monkeypox epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renping Liu
- School of Statistics and Mathematics, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Wasim A, Truong J, Bakshi S, Majid U. A systematic review of fear, stigma, and mental health outcomes of pandemics. J Ment Health 2023; 32:920-934. [PMID: 35791727 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2091754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the mental health of people globally. Despite substantial research on the short-term psychological impact of COVID-19, its long-term consequences on mental health remain relatively unexplored. AIMS We aimed to examine mental health literature on prior outbreaks to provide recommendations for developing effective strategies to mitigate the short- and long-term psychological impact of the current pandemic. METHODS We conducted a narrative review of 41 studies to analyze the adverse impact of the following epidemics and pandemics on the mental health of individuals, groups, and communities: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Influenza A/H1N1, and Ebola Virus Disease. RESULTS We noted that these past epidemics and pandemics escalated stress, distress, anxiety, fear, and stigma that persisted in countries and communities. We also identified the role of misinformation in propagating discrimination and prejudice towards certain groups. CONCLUSIONS We discuss how the mental health outcomes of previous pandemics differed from the COVID-19 outbreak. We believe that strategies that reduce misinformation, educational initiatives, and mental health programs when introduced at the individual and community level have the potential to effectively diminish the negative psychological impact of COVID-19. PRISMA This study followed the PRISMA guidance and was not registered in PROSPERO. This is a narrative review that used qualitative thematic analysis. Publishing a protocol on a protocol repository for such reviews is not the standard of practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aghna Wasim
- BSc Undergraduate Psychology Program, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Judy Truong
- Research & Development, MaRS Discovery District, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simran Bakshi
- BSc Undergraduate Science Program, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Umair Majid
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Elliott J, Tong C, Gregg S, Mallinson S, Giguere A, Brierley M, Giosa J, MacNeil M, Juzwishin D, Sims-Gould J, Rockwood K, Stolee P. Policy and practices in primary care that supported the provision and receipt of care for older persons during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative case study in three Canadian provinces. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2023; 24:199. [PMID: 37770822 PMCID: PMC10536733 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-023-02135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on older adults were felt throughout the health care system, from intensive care units through to long-term care homes. Although much attention has been paid to hospitals and long-term care homes throughout the pandemic, less attention has been paid to the impact on primary care clinics, which had to rapidly change their approach to deliver timely and effective care to older adult patients. This study examines how primary care clinics, in three Canadian provinces, cared for their older adult patients during the pandemic, while also navigating the rapidly changing health policy landscape. METHODS A qualitative case study approach was used to gather information from nine primary care clinics, across three Canadian provinces. Interviews were conducted with primary care providers (n = 17) and older adult patients (n = 47) from October 2020 to September 2021. Analyses of the interviews were completed in the language of data collection (English or French), and then summarized in English using a coding framework. All responses that related to COVID-19 policies at any level were also examined. RESULTS Two main themes emerged from the data: (1) navigating the noise: understanding and responding to public health orders and policies affecting health and health care, and (2) receiving and delivering care to older persons during the pandemic: policy-driven challenges & responses. Providers discussed their experiences wading through the health policy directives, while trying to provide good quality care. Older adults found the public health information overwhelming, but appreciated the approaches adapted by primary care clinics to continue providing care, even if it looked different. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 policy and guideline complexities obliged primary care providers to take an important role in understanding, implementing and adapting to them, and in explaining them, especially to older adults and their care partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobi Elliott
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
- St. Joseph's Health Care London, London, ON, Canada.
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | - Catherine Tong
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Susie Gregg
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Sara Mallinson
- Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anik Giguere
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Laval, QC, Canada
| | | | - Justine Giosa
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- SE Research Centre, SE Health, Markham, ON, Canada
| | - Maggie MacNeil
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Don Juzwishin
- School of Health Information Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Joanie Sims-Gould
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kenneth Rockwood
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Paul Stolee
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Çaynak S, Boyacıoğlu NE. Bereavement Experiences of Families of Elderly Individuals Who Died Due to COVID-19. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023:302228231200047. [PMID: 37669763 DOI: 10.1177/00302228231200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the bereavement experiences of families of elderly individuals who died due to the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the qualitative research methods, the case study method, was used in the study. The sample of the research consisted of 19 people who agreed to participate in the research between April and July 2022. The research data were collected using a Personal Information Form and a Semi-Structured Interview Form, which was created to conduct individual in-depth interviews. As a result of the descriptive analysis, four main themes, the ability to perform religious rituals related to the bereavement experience, feelings and thoughts about death, attitudes of those around after death, and coping strategies in the COVID-19 process. It was determined that individuals had difficulty accepting death, felt inadequate about spirituality due to limited religious rituals, had feelings of despair and guilt, and limitedly utilized social support systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Çaynak
- Operating Room Services Department, Vocational School of Health Services, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nur Elçin Boyacıoğlu
- Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, İstanbul, Turkey
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Changizi N, Eshraghi N, Ghafoori F, Hejazi S, Hadipour Jahromy L, Farahani Z, Sharifi H, Beheshtian M. COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Iranian pregnant and postpartum women: A national study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023; 49:2295-2303. [PMID: 37433477 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To control the spread of COVID-19, Iran has adopted rigorous precautionary and preventive measures, particularly for vulnerable groups. Considering the effects of knowledge and attitudes about COVID-19 on adherence to preventive measures, we examined women's knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) from pregnancy to 6 weeks postpartum about COVID-19 during this pandemic. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 7363 women were recruited via an online questionnaire between June 23, 2021 and July 7, 2021. The questionnaire consisted of 27 questions, measuring KAP. RESULTS Most of the participants had a good understanding of COVID-19 (Mean: 7.30 out of 9, standard deviation [SD]: 1.27), but the knowledge of the disease's main symptoms and modes of transmission was at the lowest levels. The mean attitudes score was 31.47 out of 50 (SD: 7.70). The participants had good practices against COVID-19 with a mean score of 35.48 out of 40 (SD: 3.94). To reduce anxiety and fear during the pandemic, half of our participants strongly emphasized the role of family emotional support. Income status and educational levels were the most significant variables influencing KAP (p-value ≤0.001). A correlation was found between knowledge and practice scores (r = 0.205, p-value = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings may serve to formulate awareness-raising interventions and can be a guide to health policymakers and workers such as obstetricians, clinicians, and midwives for more effective educational communication emphasizing the COVID-19 symptoms and transmission modes and rendering appropriate counseling, particularly on the importance of emotional family support during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Changizi
- Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Eshraghi
- Department of Perinatology, Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghafoori
- Population Office, Vice Chancellery for Health, Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saiedeh Hejazi
- Maternal Health Department, Population, Family and School Health Office, Vice Chancellery for Health, Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Hadipour Jahromy
- Maternal Health Department, Population, Family and School Health Office, Vice Chancellery for Health, Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Farahani
- Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Sharifi
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Beheshtian
- Maternal Health Department, Population, Family and School Health Office, Vice Chancellery for Health, Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
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Wei H, Hai C, Shan D, Lyu B, Wang X. Text recognition and analysis of network public opinion focus events of a major epidemic: a case study of “COVID-19” in Sina Microblogs. MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 82:25811-25827. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-14916-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
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Siu JYM, Cao Y, Shum DHK. Stigma and health inequality experienced by ethnic minorities during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Chinese community: an implication to health policymakers. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1184209. [PMID: 37304108 PMCID: PMC10248003 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1184209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ethnic minorities are considered one of the most vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the explanatory pathway of how their disadvantaged experiences during epidemics are related to the embedded and longstanding stigmas against them and how these embedded stigmas can affect their resilience in disease outbreaks are not well understood. This study investigated the experiences of ethnic minorities in the COVID-19 pandemic, and how their experiences were related to the embedded stigma toward them. Methods This study adopted a qualitative approach, interviewed 25 individuals (13 women and 12 men) from ethnic minority groups residing in Hong Kong from August 2021 to February 2022 in a semi-structured format. Thematic analysis was conducted to analyze the data. Results The participants were isolated and stereotyped as infectious during the COVID-19 pandemic at community and institutional levels. Their experiences did not occur suddenly during the pandemic but were embedded in the longstanding segregation and negative stereotypes toward ethnic minorities in different aspects of life before the pandemic. These negative stereotypes affected their resilience in living and coping with the pandemic. Conclusion The participants' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic were mostly disadvantageous and predominantly initiated by the mainstream stigmatization toward them by the local Chinese residents and government. Their disadvantaged experiences in the pandemic should be traced to the embedded social systems, imposing structural disparities for ethnic minorities when accessing social and medical resources during a pandemic. Because of the preexisting stigmatization and social seclusion of ethnic minorities in Hong Kong, the participants experienced health inequality, which stemmed from social inequality and the power differential between them and the Chinese locals. The disadvantaged situation of the participants negatively affected their resilience to the pandemic. To enable ethnic minorities better cope with future epidemics, merely providing assistance to them during an epidemic is barely adequate, but a more supportive and inclusive social system should be established for them in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Yuen-Man Siu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Qualitative Research and Training, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- International Research Centre for the Advancement of Health Communication, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Qualitative Research and Training, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David H. K. Shum
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Huang JT, Krupenkin M, Rothschild D, Lee Cunningham J. The cost of anti-Asian racism during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:682-695. [PMID: 36658211 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Anti-Chinese sentiment increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, presenting as a considerable spike in overt violence and hatred directed at Asian American individuals. However, it is less clear how subtle patterns of consumer discrimination, which are difficult to directly observe yet greatly impact Asian American livelihoods, changed through the pandemic. Here we examine this in the context of restaurants-ubiquitous small businesses that sell goods that are closely entwined with ethnicity. Using a series of surveys, online search trends and consumer traffic data, we find that Asian restaurants experienced an 18.4% decrease in traffic (estimated US$7.42 billion lost revenue in 2020) relative to comparable non-Asian restaurants, with greater decreases in areas with higher levels of support for Donald Trump. Our findings are consistent with the roles of collective blame, out-group homogeneity and ethnic misidentification in explaining how anti-China rhetoric can harm the Asian American community, underlining the importance of avoiding racism and stigmatization in political and public health communications.
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Wei H, Hai C, Shan D, Lyu B, Wang X. Text recognition and analysis of network public opinion focus events of a major epidemic: a case study of "COVID-19" in Sina Microblogs. MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 82:1-17. [PMID: 37362683 PMCID: PMC9989565 DOI: 10.1007/s11042-023-14916-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Identifying and analyzing the public's opinion of focal events during a major epidemic can help the government grasp the vicissitudes of network public opinion in a timely manner and provide the appropriate responses. Taking the COVID-19 epidemic as an example, this study begins by using Python-selenium to capture the original text and comment data related to COVID-19 from Sina Microblog's CCTV News from Jan. 19, 2020, to Feb. 20, 2020. The study subsequently uses a manual interpretation method to classify the Weibo content and analyzes the shifting focus phenomena of network public opinion based on the moving average method. Next, the study uses an enhances TF-IDF to extract keywords from the Weibo comment and uses the keywords to construct a word co-occurrence network. The results show that during the epidemic, the network public opinion focus shifted significantly over time. With the progression of the epidemic, the focus of network public opinion diversified, and various categories stabilized. Compared to simple keyword and text classification recognition focus problems, the proposed model, which is highly accurate, identified multiple network public opinion focus problems and described the core contradictions of the different focus problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- HeLin Wei
- School of Business, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Science of Statistics and Management, Education Department of Guangxi, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Chenying Hai
- School of Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Donglu Shan
- School of Business, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Bei Lyu
- School of Economics and Management, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
- Panyapiwat Institute of management, Nonthaburi, Thailand
- Leeds University Business School, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Xiulai Wang
- Institute of Big Data on Talents, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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Desmarais C, Roy M, Nguyen MT, Venkatesh V, Rousseau C. The unsanitary other and racism during the pandemic: analysis of purity discourses on social media in India, France and United States of America during the COVID-19 pandemic. Anthropol Med 2023; 30:31-47. [PMID: 36861381 DOI: 10.1080/13648470.2023.2180259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The global rise of populism and concomitant polarizations across disenfranchised and marginalized groups has been magnified by so-called echo chambers, and a major public health crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic has only served to fuel these intergroup tensions. Media institutions disseminating information on ways to prevent the propagation of the virus have reactivated a specific discursive phenomenon previously observed in many epidemics: the construction of a defiled 'Other'. With anthropological lenses, discourse on defilement is an interesting path to understand the continuous emergence of pseudo-scientific forms of racism. In this paper, the authors focus on 'borderline racism', that is the use of an institutionally 'impartial' discourse to reaffirm the inferiority of another race. The authors employed inductive thematic analysis of 1200 social media comments reacting to articles and videos published by six media in three different countries (France, United States and India). Results delineate four major themes structuring defilement discourses: food (and the relationship to animals), religion, nationalism and gender. Media articles and videos portrayed Western and Eastern countries through contrasting images and elicited a range of reaction in readers and viewers. The discussion reflects on how borderline racism can be an appropriate concept to understand the appearance of hygienic othering of specific subgroups on social media. Theoretical implications and recommendations on a more culturally sensitive approach of media coverage of epidemics and pandemics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Minh Thi Nguyen
- Département de Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vivek Venkatesh
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Art Education, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
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Ali A, Kumar S. Indian Healthcare Workers' Issues, Challenges, and Coping Strategies during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3661. [PMID: 36834354 PMCID: PMC9964157 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
India faced the maximum number of mortalities and morbidities during the second wave of COVID-19. Healthcare workers (HCWs) worked in high-pressure and stressful environments. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the common issues, challenges, and coping strategies of HCWs, as well as the statistical association between demographical characteristics and coping strategies. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 759 HCWs, involving simple, random sampling in Rajasthan, India, between August 2022 and October 2022. Participants responded to a self-administered questionnaire that included a Brief-COPE inventory. The statistical association between commonly adopted coping strategies and demographic characteristics was tested using the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. A total of 669 (88%) respondents agreed that they faced issues during the COVID-19 pandemic: 721 (95%) participants experienced challenges at the personal level, 716 (94%) at the organizational level, and 557 (74%) at the societal level. Problem-focused coping strategies were frequently adopted by the participants. Gender, marital status, education, hours of work per day, and residential area were significantly associated with a problem-focused coping strategy (p < 0.05). The findings of this study reported a limited use of coping strategies by the participants during the public health crisis, despite facing issues and challenges at work. These findings highlight the need to assist HCWs in developing coping mechanisms to maintain good mental health at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Ali
- Faculty of Public Health, Poornima University, Jaipur 303905, India
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14
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Iwanowska M, Zawadzka AM, Kondratowicz B. News media exposure and life satisfaction in the COVID-19 pandemic: a moderated mediation model of COVID-19 fear and worries and gender. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 11:205-215. [PMID: 38014386 PMCID: PMC10654342 DOI: 10.5114/cipp/156172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has found that news media exposure may have both positive and negative consequences for well-being in times of crisis. However, the internal mechanisms underlying that relationship need further investigation. The purpose of the research presented in the paper was to explore the role of COVID-19 fear and worries and users' gender in the relationship between news media exposure and life satisfaction. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE Three hundred seventy-one media users aged 19 to 65 (M = 28.88, SD = 10.25) were surveyed with news media exposure, COVID-19 fear and worries, and life satisfaction scales. Correlation analyses and moderated mediation analyses were performed. RESULTS The study demonstrated a significant positive association between news media exposure and life satisfaction, and an indirect effect of news exposure on life satisfaction via COVID-19 fear moderated by gender: elevated COVID-19 fear decreases the positive association between news exposure and life satisfaction, and this effect is stronger for women. CONCLUSIONS The present study expands our understanding of the role that news media can play in shaping the user's well-being in a time of a health crisis. It demonstrates that the effects of exposure to news media during a crisis are twofold. On the one hand, the use of news media is associated with a more positive evaluation of one's life, which may indicate that media use is a way to cope with a crisis. On the other hand, frequent use of news media leads to an elevated level of fear related to COVID-19, which, in turn, lowers the user's well-being.
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Tang V, van Buuren A, Martimianakis MA(T. Evolving discourses of COVID-19 and implications for medical education: a critical discourse analysis. CANADIAN MEDICAL EDUCATION JOURNAL 2022; 13:6-18. [PMID: 36440070 PMCID: PMC9684037 DOI: 10.36834/cmej.71675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The othering of individuals has been identified as a concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to examine public commentary during early stages of the pandemic for: 1) emerging discourses that highlighted population-level inequities, and 2) the implications these discourses may have for medical education. METHODS Using a critical discourse analysis (CDA) approach, an archive of texts available in the public domain discussing COVID-19 was iteratively created, reviewed, and coded. We used an intersectional framework to analyze how COVID-19 highlighted structural and institutional inequity at the population level. RESULTS We found 86 representative texts published from March to June 2020. We focused our analysis on implications within Ontario. The two major discourses that emerged were "COVID-19 as Equalizer" and "COVID-19 as Discriminator." The former emerged in the early stages of the pandemic to mobilize public health recommendations and describe near-universal impacts on the public. The latter followed to highlight new and pre-existing forms of marginalization exacerbated by the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a unique perspective on how structural and systemic responses to COVID-19 were shaped through analysis of public discourse, and therefore, has implications for how the COVID-19 pandemic and future pandemics are framed for future medical learners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Asia van Buuren
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
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16
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Lee KW, Yap SF, Ong HT, Pheh KS, Lye MS. Anxiety and coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study of staff and students from a tertiary education center in Malaysia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:936486. [PMID: 36276401 PMCID: PMC9583838 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.936486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim We examined the anxiety levels and coping strategies among staff and students of a tertiary educational institution during the COVID-19 pandemic and determined the association between anxiety level and coping strategies. Method Through an online survey, we used Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) to measure the level of anxiety associated with the COVID-19 crisis and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) to assess the coping responses adopted to handle stressful life events. Coping strategies were classified as adaptive and maladaptive, for which the aggregate sores were calculated. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the predictors of anxiety adjusted for potentially confounding variables. Results from 434 participants were available for analysis. Results The mean score (SD) of the CAS was 1.1 (1.8). The mean scores of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies were 35.69 and 19.28, respectively. Multiple linear regression revealed that maladaptive coping [Adjusted B coefficient = 4.106, p-value < 0.001] and presence of comorbidities [Adjusted B coefficient = 1.376, p-value = 0.025] significantly predicted anxiety. Conclusion Maladaptive coping and presence of comorbidities were the predictors of coronavirus anxiety. The apparent lack of anxiety in relation to COVID-19 and movement restriction is reflective of the reported high level of satisfaction with the support and services provided during the COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia. Adaptive coping strategies were adopted more frequently than maladaptive. Nevertheless, public education on positive coping strategies and anxiety management may be still be relevant to provide mental health support to address the needs of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wei Lee
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia,Centre for Research on Communicable Diseases, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Sook Fan Yap
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia,Centre for Research on Communicable Diseases, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Sook Fan Yap
| | - Hooi Tin Ong
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kai Shuen Pheh
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Munn Sann Lye
- Department of Population Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
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17
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Chipidza W, Akbaripourdibazar E, Gwanzura T, Gatto NM. Topic Analysis of Traditional and Social Media News Coverage of the Early COVID-19 Pandemic and Implications for Public Health Communication. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 16:1881-1888. [PMID: 33653437 PMCID: PMC8129680 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize and compare early coverage of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in newspapers, television, and social media, and discuss implications for public health communication strategies that are relevant to an initial pandemic response. METHODS Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), an unsupervised topic modeling technique, analysis of 3271 newspaper articles, 40 cable news shows transcripts, 96,000 Twitter posts, and 1000 Reddit posts during March 4-12, 2020, a period chronologically early in the timeframe of the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Coverage of COVID-19 clustered on topics such as epidemic, politics, and the economy, and these varied across media sources. Topics dominating news were not predominantly health-related, suggesting a limited presence of public health in news coverage in traditional and social media. Examples of misinformation were identified, particularly in social media. CONCLUSIONS Public health entities should use communication specialists to create engaging informational content to be shared on social media sites. Public health officials should be attuned to their target audience to anticipate and prevent spread of common myths likely to exist within a population. This may help control misinformation in early stages of pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallace Chipidza
- Center for Information Systems and Technology, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Elmira Akbaripourdibazar
- Center for Information Systems and Technology, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Tendai Gwanzura
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Nicole M. Gatto
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
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18
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Mukhtar F, Candilis P. Pandemics and Suicide Risk: Lessons From COVID and Its Predecessors. J Nerv Ment Dis 2022; 210:799-807. [PMID: 36179374 PMCID: PMC9555599 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In its mortality and global reach, COVID-19 is among the worst pandemics to hit the globe since the 1918 influenza. During a pandemic, it is not uncommon for deaths from suicide to be downplayed as communities respond to the immediate mortality of the disease. In this analysis, we review pandemic history to uncover its impact on suicide rates, a frequent proxy for community mental health, and whether public health responses were effective. We incorporate lessons from more than 100 years of epidemics to assess whether the current public health response can benefit from the lessons of history.
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19
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Velarde‐García JF, González‐Hervías R, Álvarez‐Embarba B, Cachón‐Pérez JM, Rodríguez‐García M, Oliva‐Fernández O, González‐Sanz P, Palacios‐Ceña D, Moro‐López‐Menchero P, Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas C, Mas Espejo M. Under-graduate nursing students working during the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study of psychosocial effects and coping strategies. Int J Nurs Pract 2022; 28:e13065. [PMID: 35580863 PMCID: PMC9348150 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a shortage of health care staff, forcing the hiring of senior nursing students. AIMS To describe the psychosocial impact and coping strategies used by nursing students during the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and to understand the coping strategies they employed. METHOD A qualitative exploratory study was conducted, based on Sandelowski's proposal. Purposive sampling was carried out to recruit 18 students hired during the pandemic. The students were interviewed between 18 March and 15 June 2020. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using a digital platform. An inductive thematic analysis was performed. FINDINGS The students lived alone and isolated during their contract to protect their cohabitants from possible contagion. The impact of working during the pandemic leads to experiences of stress, insomnia, nightmares and anxiety. Nursing students coped with the emotional burden through mental disconnection and the support of co-workers and family members. CONCLUSION Psychological support and tutoring should be provided by health centres. In addition, in these special circumstances, universities should adapt the training provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Francisco Velarde‐García
- Department of Nursing, Red Cross College of NursingUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Research Nursing Group of Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM)MadridSpain
| | - Raquel González‐Hervías
- Department of Nursing, Red Cross College of NursingUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Beatriz Álvarez‐Embarba
- Department of Nursing, Red Cross College of NursingUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Jose Miguel Cachón‐Pérez
- Department of Nursing, Facultad Ciencias Salud, Research Group of Teaching Methodologies and Assessment Systems in NursingUniversidad Europea de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Marta Rodríguez‐García
- Department of Nursing, Facultad Ciencias Salud, Research Group of Teaching Methodologies and Assessment Systems in NursingUniversidad Europea de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Oscar Oliva‐Fernández
- Department of Nursing, Facultad Ciencias Salud, Research Group of Teaching Methodologies and Assessment Systems in NursingUniversidad Europea de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Pilar González‐Sanz
- Department of Nursing, Facultad Ciencias Salud, Research Group of Teaching Methodologies and Assessment Systems in NursingUniversidad Europea de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Domingo Palacios‐Ceña
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and RehabilitationResearch Group of Humanities and Qualitative Research in Health Science of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (Hum&QRinHS)AlcorcónSpain
| | - Paloma Moro‐López‐Menchero
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and RehabilitationResearch Group of Humanities and Qualitative Research in Health Science of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (Hum&QRinHS)AlcorcónSpain
| | - César Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group of Manual TherapyDry Needling and Therapeutic Exercise of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (GITM‐URJC)MadridSpain
| | - Marta Mas Espejo
- Department of Nursing, Red Cross College of NursingUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
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20
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SteelFisher GK, Caporello HL, Lubell KM, Ben-Porath EN, Green AR, Luo F, Briseno L, Lane L, Sheff SE, Taillepierre JD, Espino L, Boyea A. Getting Critical Information During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences of Spanish and Chinese Speakers With Limited English Proficiency. Health Secur 2022; 20:273-285. [PMID: 35771967 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2021.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
People with limited English proficiency in the United States have suffered disproportionate negative health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Effective communications are critical tools in addressing inequities insofar as they can motivate adoption of protective behaviors and reduce incidence of disease; however, little is known about experiences of communities with limited English proficiency receiving relevant information during COVID-19 or other outbreaks. To address this gap and provide inputs for communication strategies, we completed a study based on 2 novel and nationally representative surveys conducted between June and August 2020 among Spanish and Chinese speakers with limited English proficiency (n = 764 and n = 355, respectively). Results first showed that Spanish and Chinese speakers did not consistently receive information about protective behaviors from key public health and government institutions early in the pandemic. Second, for such information, Spanish and Chinese speakers used a diverse set of information resources that included family and friends, social media, and traditional media from both inside and outside the United States. Third, Spanish and Chinese speakers faced challenges getting COVID-19 information, including receiving media messages that felt discriminatory toward Latinx or Chinese people. Together, these findings suggest gaps in effectively reaching Spanish and Chinese speakers. Data highlight the important role of bilingual materials to support sharing of information between Spanish or Chinese speakers and English speakers within their social networks, and the need for digital news content for traditional and social media. Finally, efforts are needed to address discriminatory messaging in media and to actively counter it in public health communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian K SteelFisher
- Gillian K. SteelFisher, PhD, MSc, is a Senior Research Scientist and Deputy Director, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Hannah L Caporello
- Hannah L. Caporello is Senior Research Projects Manager, Harvard Opinion Research Program, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Keri M Lubell
- Keri M. Lubell, PhD, is a Behavioral Scientist, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Eran N Ben-Porath
- Eran N. Ben-Porath, PhD, is Executive Vice President, SSRS, Glen Mills, PA
| | - Alexander R Green
- Alexander R. Green, MD, MPH, was an Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Feijun Luo
- Feijun Luo, PhD, is a Senior Economist, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lisa Briseno
- Lisa Briseno, MS, is a Senior Health Communication Specialist, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lindsay Lane
- Lindsay Lane, MPH, is a Health Communication Specialists, Center for Preparedness and Response, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sarah E Sheff
- Sarah E. Sheff, PhD, is a Health Communication Specialists, Center for Preparedness and Response, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Julio Dicent Taillepierre
- Julio Dicent Taillepierre, MS, is Team Lead, Initiatives and Partnerships Team, Office of Minority Health and Health Equity, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Laura Espino
- Laura Espino is Membership Director, National Public Health Information Coalition, Canton, GA
| | - Alyssa Boyea
- Alyssa Boyea, MPH, CPH, is Director, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, Arlington, VA
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21
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Hamdi S. Covid-19, social stigma and changing religious practice in Tablighi Jamaat communities in Lombok, Indonesia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2022; 76:102996. [PMID: 35971394 PMCID: PMC9366092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of Covid-19 has presented serious challenges to people's lives, and as a result many are in the process of reconstructing aspects of what used to be considered 'normal' life. In Indonesia, religious practice in 2020 experienced a kind of disempowerment and disruption in the areas of ritual and proselytization in Muslim communities. Religious people have been challenged to find ways to reconstruct their ritual and worship practices in safe ways that avoid spreading the virus. This article discusses the changes to religious practice and the ability to adapt to new forms of proselytization in Tablighi Jamaat environments where many followers have been infected with Covid-19. In particular, the article aims to explore how Tablighi Jamaat members interpret and define the Covid-19 pandemic, and what discourses have developed in their environments. Research for this article was conducted in Lombok, Indonesia from February till September 2020 and is based on observations and snowball-sampling interviews conducted online and offline with over 50 individuals. When the Indonesian government locked down mosques and large meetings, the Tablighi Jamaat took a position that Covid-19 was not a serious danger-indeed they saw it as an anti-Islamic conspiracy, instead-and they continued to gather and preach as before. This led to a disease cluster from a Tablighi event in Gowa, South Sulawesi, causing a stigma in broader society toward the Tablighi practice of Islam.
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22
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Burkova VN, Butovskaya ML, Randall AK, Fedenok JN, Ahmadi K, Alghraibeh AM, Allami FBM, Alpaslan FS, Al-Zu’bi MAA, Al-Mseidin KIM, Biçer DF, Cetinkaya H, David OA, Donato S, Dural S, Erickson P, Ermakov AM, Ertuğrul B, Fayankinnu EA, Fisher ML, Al Gharaibeh F, Hocker L, Hromatko I, Kasparova E, Kavina A, Khatatbeh YM, Khun-Inkeeree H, Kline KM, Koç F, Kolodkin V, MacEacheron M, Maruf IR, Meskó N, Mkrtchyan R, Nurisnaeny PS, Ojedokun O, Adebayo D, Omar-Fauzee MSB, Özener B, Ponciano ELT, Rizwan M, Sabiniewicz A, Spodina VI, Stoyanova S, Tripathi N, Upadhyay S, Weisfeld C, Yaakob MFM, Yusof MR, Zinurova RI. Factors Associated With Highest Symptoms of Anxiety During COVID-19: Cross-Cultural Study of 23 Countries. Front Psychol 2022; 13:805586. [PMID: 35664191 PMCID: PMC9162123 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.805586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 restrictions have impacted people's lifestyles in all spheres (social, psychological, political, economic, and others). This study explored which factors affected the level of anxiety during the time of the first wave of COVID-19 and subsequent quarantine in a substantial proportion of 23 countries, included in this study. The data was collected from May to August 2020 (5 June 2020). The sample included 15,375 participants from 23 countries: (seven from Europe: Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Russia; 11 from West, South and Southeast Asia: Armenia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Turkey; two African: Nigeria and Tanzania; and three from North, South, and Central America: Brazil, Canada, United States). Level of anxiety was measured by means of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the 20-item first part of The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)-State Anxiety Inventory (SAI). Respondents were also asked about their personal experiences with COVID-19, attitudes toward measures introduced by governments, changes in attitudes toward migrants during a pandemic, family income, isolation conditions, etc. The factor analysis revealed that four factors explained 45.08% of variance in increase of anxiety, and these components were interpreted as follows: (1) personal awareness of the threat of COVID-19, (2) personal reaction toward officially undertaken measures and attitudes to foreigners, (3) personal trust in official sources, (4) personal experience with COVID-19. Three out of four factors demonstrated strong associations with both scales of anxiety: high level of anxiety was significantly correlated with high level of personal awareness of the threat of COVID-19, low level of personal reaction toward officially undertaken measures and attitudes to foreigners, and high level of presence of personal experience with COVID-19. Our study revealed significant main effects of sex, country, and all four factors on the level of anxiety. It was demonstrated that countries with higher levels of anxiety assessed the real danger of a pandemic as higher, and had more personal experience with COVID-19. Respondents who trusted the government demonstrated lower levels of anxiety. Finally, foreigners were perceived as the cause of epidemic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina N. Burkova
- Center of Cross-Cultural Psychology and Human Ethology, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- International Centre of Anthropology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina L. Butovskaya
- Center of Cross-Cultural Psychology and Human Ethology, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- International Centre of Anthropology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ashley K. Randall
- Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Julija N. Fedenok
- Center of Cross-Cultural Psychology and Human Ethology, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Khodabakhsh Ahmadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Derya Fatma Biçer
- Department of Business Administration, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Hakan Cetinkaya
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Yaşar University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Oana Alexandra David
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Silvia Donato
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Seda Dural
- Department of Psychology, İzmir University of Economics, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Paige Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Alexey M. Ermakov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Berna Ertuğrul
- Department of Anthropology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Maryanne L. Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax Regional Municipality, NS, Canada
| | - Fakir Al Gharaibeh
- Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences and Department of Sociology, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lauren Hocker
- Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Ivana Hromatko
- Department of Psychology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elena Kasparova
- Department of Pedagogy and Problems of Education Development, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alexander Kavina
- Department of History, St John’s University of Tanzania, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Yahya M. Khatatbeh
- Department of Psychology, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kai M. Kline
- Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Fırat Koç
- Department of Anthropology, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Vladimir Kolodkin
- Faculty of Media Communications and Multimedia Technologies, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Melanie MacEacheron
- School of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | | | - Norbert Meskó
- Department for General and Evolutionary Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ruzan Mkrtchyan
- Department of Cultural Studies, Faculty of History, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Oluyinka Ojedokun
- Department of Pure & Applied Psychology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba, Nigeria
| | - Damilola Adebayo
- Department of Pure & Applied Psychology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba, Nigeria
| | | | - Barıs Özener
- Department of Anthropology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Edna Lúcia Tinoco Ponciano
- Institute of Psychology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centre for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Psychology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Agnieszka Sabiniewicz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Victoriya I. Spodina
- Department of History and Ethnology, Ob-Ugric Institute of Applied Researches and Development, Pasundan University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Stanislava Stoyanova
- Department of Psychology, South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Nachiketa Tripathi
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Satwik Upadhyay
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Carol Weisfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Mat Rahimi Yusof
- School of Education, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia
| | - Raushaniia I. Zinurova
- Institute of Innovation Management, Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia
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Wootton AR, Rice DR, McKowen ALW, Veldhuis C. A Mixed-Methods and Prospective Approach to Understanding Coping Behaviors, Depression, Hopelessness, and Acute Stress in a U.S. Convenience Sample During the COVID-19 Pandemic. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2022; 49:219-230. [PMID: 35306901 DOI: 10.1177/10901981221084272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increases in U.S. residents' stressors while limiting many of the resources previously available to cope with stress. Coping behaviors may contribute to the prevention or proliferation of psychological distress during and after the pandemic. Understanding these coping behaviors and associated psychological outcomes can help health educators develop programs that encourage effective coping and promote mental health. This study used a sequential mixed-methods approach informed by Roth and Cohen's conceptualization of coping to understand the use of approach coping behaviors- which are active and directed toward the perceived threat-and avoidance coping behaviors-which include activity directed away from perceived threat during the COVID-19 pandemic. U.S. residents (N = 2,987) were surveyed online in April 2020 and again in September 2021. Open-ended responses at baseline were thematically analyzed to illustrate coping behaviors in participants' own words. At baseline, more than half (56%) of the sample met criteria for probable depression, 51% for acute stress symptoms, and 42% for moderate to severe hopelessness. At follow-up, 45% meet criteria for probable depression and 23% for acute stress. However, the proportion of the sample who reported moderate to severe hopelessness increased to 48%. We used mixed-effects general linear models to examine changes over time and found that increases in approach coping behaviors were associated with decreases in depressive symptoms and hopelessness; increases in avoidance coping were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms and higher levels of hopelessness. Increases in both types of coping were associated with increases in acute stress symptoms related to COVID-19. Although there was some attenuation in distress in our sample between April 2020 and September 2021, our findings suggest a need for interventions that encourage the use of approach coping behaviors and that both increase access to and decrease stigma for mental health support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie R Wootton
- School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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LaCour M, Hughes B, Goldwater M, Ireland M, Worthy D, Van Allen J, Gaylord N, Van‐Hoosier G, Davis T. The Double Bind of Communicating About Zoonotic Origins: Describing Exotic Animal Sources of COVID-19 Increases Both Healthy and Discriminatory Avoidance Intentions. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2022; 42:506-521. [PMID: 34076291 PMCID: PMC8242573 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many novel diseases are of zoonotic origin, likely including COVID-19. Describing diseases as originating from a diverse range of animals is known to increase risk perceptions and intentions to engage in preventative behaviors. However, it is also possible that communications depicting use of exotic animals as food sources may activate stereotypes of cultures at the origin of a disease, increasing discriminatory behaviors and disease stigma. We used general linear modeling and mediation analysis to test experimental data on communications about zoonotic disease origins from the critical first two months leading up to the declaration of a global pandemic. Results suggest that communications about potential familiar food origins (pigs) affected people's risk perceptions, health behaviors, and COVID-19 stigma compared to more exotic food sources (e.g., snakes). Participants (N = 707) who read descriptions of exotic origins viewed the virus as riskier and reported stronger intentions to engage in preventative behaviors than those who read about familiar origins (pigs). However, reading exotic origin descriptions was also associated with stronger intentions to avoid Asian individuals and animal products. These results are critical for both theory and public policy. For theory, they are the first to experimentally demonstrate that zoonotic origin descriptions can impact intentions to engage in discriminatory behaviors for cultures viewed as the origin of a novel infectious disease. For policy, they offer clear, actionable insights on how to communicate about risks associated with a novel zoonosis while managing the potential impact on discriminatory behaviors and stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark LaCour
- Department of Psychological SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA
| | - Brent Hughes
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of California RiversideCAUSA
| | | | - Molly Ireland
- Department of Psychological SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA
| | - Darrell Worthy
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Jason Van Allen
- Department of Psychological SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA
| | | | | | - Tyler Davis
- Department of Psychological SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA
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25
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Kondo KK, Williams BE, Ayers CK, Kansagara D, Smith M, Advani SM, Young S, Saha S. Factors Associated with Health Inequalities in Infectious Disease Pandemics Predating COVID-19 in the United States: A Systematic Review. Health Equity 2022; 6:254-269. [PMID: 35402773 PMCID: PMC8985532 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2021.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous pandemics may offer evidence on mediating factors that contributed to disparities in infection and poor outcomes, which could inform the effort to mitigate potential unequal outcomes during the current COVID-19 pandemic. This systematic review sought to examine those factors. Methods We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane to May 2020. We included studies examining health disparities in adult U.S. populations during infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. Two investigators screened abstracts and full text. We assessed study quality using the Newcastle/Ottawa Scale or the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Checklist for Qualitative Studies. Results Sixteen articles were included, of which 14 focused on health disparities during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Studies showed that disparities during the H1N1 pandemic were more related to differential exposure to the virus than to susceptibility or access to care. Overall, pandemic-related disparities emanate primarily from inequalities in social conditions that place racial and ethnic minorities and low socioeconomic status populations at greater risk of exposure and infection, rather than individual-level factors such as health behaviors and comorbidities. Conclusions Policy- and systems-level interventions should acknowledge and address these social determinants of heightened risk, and future research should evaluate the effects of such interventions to avoid further exacerbation of health inequities during the current and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli K. Kondo
- Evidence Synthesis Program, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Research Integrity, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Early Cancer Detection Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
| | - Beth E. Williams
- Department of Primary Care, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Chelsea K. Ayers
- Evidence Synthesis Program, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Devan Kansagara
- Evidence Synthesis Program, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Research Integrity, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Mia Smith
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Shailesh M. Advani
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Sarah Young
- Evidence Synthesis Program, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Somnath Saha
- Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Yang F, Sun J, Li J, Lyu S. Coping strategies, stigmatizing attitude, and cyberbullying among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 lockdown. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35221634 PMCID: PMC8858645 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic provides hotbed for hatred and violence, which could be especially true among college students, the most active users of internet and social media. Based on a national sample of Chinese college students (N = 1,673), the present study aims to explore the clustered nature of stress coping strategies, as well as its associations with the participants' stigmatizing attitude and cyberbullying behaviors towards people in Hubei Province, the place where the first COVID-19 case was reported and recognized as China's epicenter of the pandemic. Four latent subgroups were first identified among the participants based on type and comparative adoption rate of their coping strategies, namely the emotional coping group, the inactive coping group, the support-seeking and positive coping group, and the independent and positive coping group. The significant associations between coping strategy patterns and stigmatizing attitude and cyberbullying behaviors were reported, respectively. The two were most likely to happen among the participants using emotional coping while the least likely among the independent and positive coping group. This study provides empirical supports for combating the secondary disasters of the pandemic, namely stigma and cyberbullying, by identifying the role of emotional and positive coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Room 335, Xinjian building, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, China
- China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Health Yangtze River Delta, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Sun
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Room 335, Xinjian building, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Room 335, Xinjian building, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoujun Lyu
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Room 335, Xinjian building, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, China
- China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Health Yangtze River Delta, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Kwon, PhD S. Mask Wearing and Perceived Discrimination Associated With COVID-19 in the United States From March 2020 to May 2021: Three-Level Longitudinal Analyses. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2022; 49:200-209. [DOI: 10.1177/10901981221076396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although mask wearing has been demonstrated to be an effective strategy to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become a contentious issue. This is evident in the policy shift regarding mask wearing during the pandemic and the varying mask mandates across different states in the United States. This study investigates the relationship between mask wearing and COVID-19-associated discrimination (CAD) over the course of the pandemic (March 2020 through May 2021), and differences between states with and without mask mandates. This study utilized three-level longitudinal analyses to analyze a longitudinal panel data from a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults enrolled in the Understanding America Study (UAS). The experiences of CAD were much higher for those wearing a mask than those not wearing a mask before August 2020, but this pattern was reversed afterward. Another notable finding was that mask wearers reported greater CAD in states with no mask-wearing mandate than the ones in states with mask mandates. In contrast, the pattern was reversed for nonmask wearers. The findings highlight the importance of inclusiveness and openness when relatively new health practice is introduced during a public health crisis.
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Elbarazi I, Saddik B, Grivna M, Aziz F, Elsori D, Stip E, Bendak E. The Impact of the COVID-19 “Infodemic” on Well-Being: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:289-307. [PMID: 35228802 PMCID: PMC8881924 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s346930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iffat Elbarazi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: Iffat Elbarazi, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, Email
| | - Basema Saddik
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michal Grivna
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faisal Aziz
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Deena Elsori
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Emmanuel Stip
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Ang CS, Das S/O A Sudha Ann Nancy AAELE. 'Dirty foreigners' are to blame for COVID-19: impacts of COVID stress syndrome on quality of life and gratitude among Singaporean adults. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-13. [PMID: 35068903 PMCID: PMC8760130 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02560-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused widespread emotional distress. The current study sought to ascertain the impact of COVID stress syndrome on quality of life and gratitude. The COVID-19 Stress Scale, COVID-19 Quality of Life Scale, and Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Scale were administered to 199 Singaporeans. Data were collected online using convenience sampling between December 2020 and March 2021. Pearson correlations and hierarchical regression analyses were used to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that fear of spreading SARSCoV2 by foreigners was the most stressful fear among Singaporeans (M = 2.59), while traumatic stress by COVID-19 was the least stressful fear (M = 0.16). COVID stress syndrome was positively correlated with negative quality of life (r ranged from .25 to .66) and negatively correlated with gratitude (r ranged from -.29 to -.14). Xenophobia was also found to be the most influential factor in reducing quality of life (β = .52) and gratitude (β = -.37) during the pandemic. Study findings demonstrate how COVID-19 increases Singaporeans' xenophobic attitudes towards foreigners, making them more vulnerable to the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Siang Ang
- School of Psychology, TMC Academy, 805 Geylang Rd, 389683 Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Rd, Singapore, 308232 Singapore
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Akbarbegloo M, Sanaeefar M, Majid P, Mohammadzadeh M. Psychosocial care experiences of patients with COVID-19 at home in Iran: A qualitative study. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:264-274. [PMID: 34180102 PMCID: PMC8444798 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to the onset peak of COVID-19, as well as a shortage of human resources, physical environment, protective and medical equipment in hospitals, many patients with mild to moderate symptoms of COVID-19 are pushed to home care. This condition not only raises public health concerns but also causes a number of psychosocial problems. Therefore, this study intends to examine the psychosocial experiences of patients with COVID-19 after passing the crisis stage. A qualitative study with a conventional content analysis method was used. Thirty participants were selected using purposeful sampling from Khoy Educational and Medical Centers from 20 March to 20 June 2020. In-depth semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Data were analysed by continuous comparative analysis using MAXQDA 10 software. The concepts extracted from data analysis identified eight subthemes and three main themes. Social rejection theme includes three subthemes: 'Insularity of the patient', 'Concealment' and 'patient as the life-threatening center'. Lack of support theme consists of three subthemes including: 'financial concerns', 'non-response of the treatment team after discharge' and 'concerns about the persistent condition of the disease'. Efforts to gain mental peace theme has two subthemes: 'recourse to spirituality' and 'strengthening hope'. According to the results of the present study, it is necessary to examine the psychological and social needs of patients. Also, by identifying high-risk groups, supportive psychological networks such as telephone, internet and on-site medical services to help patients, medical worker and others affected in overcoming psychological problems should be increased. Providing free service packages such as the Internet, free financial aid to damaged jobs and creating the necessary platforms for online shopping and payment services, as well as training on how to plan and practice rehabilitation at home for patients and family caregivers can be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumeh Akbarbegloo
- Pediatric Nursing DepartmentFaculty of NursingKhoy University of Medical SciencesKhoyIran
| | - Mahnaz Sanaeefar
- Pediatric Nursing DepartmentFaculty of NursingKhoy University of Medical SciencesKhoyIran
| | - Purabdollah Majid
- Nursing and Midwifery CollegeTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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Miah MS, Mamun MR, Hasan SMM, Sarker MGF, Miah MS, Khan MGU, Kabir A, Haque MA, Chowdhury NMRA. COVID-19 transmission flow through the stigmatization process in Bangladesh: A qualitative study. LIFESTYLE MEDICINE 2022; 3:e52. [PMID: 37520895 PMCID: PMC9015364 DOI: 10.1002/lim2.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients and survivors face stigma, discrimination, and negligence. The motives for and the different types and consequences of COVID-19-related stigmatization remain underexplored in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study examined how the COVID-19 stigmatization process is interlinked with transmission flow. Methods Using a qualitative research design, we conducted 20 in-depth interviews with infected and suspected caregivers and five key informant interviews with physicians, local media representatives, leaders, law enforcement officials, and local administrative officials in three divisional cities of Bangladesh. We performed thematic analysis to analyze the data. Results Participants expressed their experiences with multiple subthemes within three themes (stigma related to symptoms, stigma associated with isolation and quarantine, and stigma associated with health services). Participants reportedly faced stigma, for example, exclusion, hesitation to interact, avoidance, bullying, threat, and negligence caused by misinformation, rumors, and fear. Stigmatized individuals reportedly hid their symptoms and refrained from seeking healthcare services, contributing to COVID-19 transmission flow. Conclusion Revealed insights may contribute to effective prevention, control, and management of such an emerging pandemic. Further in-depth exploration of such stigmatization process will enrich unexpected outbreaks management effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shahgahan Miah
- Department of AnthropologyShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
| | - Md. Razib Mamun
- Department of Public Health and Health SystemsNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - S. M. Murshid Hasan
- Department of Society and HealthFaculty of Social Sciences and HumanitiesMahidol UniversitySalayaThailand
| | | | - Muhammad Salim Miah
- Department of AnthropologyShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
| | - Md. Gias Uddin Khan
- Department of EconomicsShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
| | - Ashraful Kabir
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
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32
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Fedoruk B, Nelson H, Frost R, Fucile Ladouceur K. The Plebeian Algorithm: A Democratic Approach to Censorship and Moderation. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e32427. [PMID: 34854812 PMCID: PMC8691413 DOI: 10.2196/32427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The infodemic created by the COVID-19 pandemic has created several societal issues, including a rise in distrust between the public and health experts, and even a refusal of some to accept vaccination; some sources suggest that 1 in 4 Americans will refuse the vaccine. This social concern can be traced to the level of digitization today, particularly in the form of social media. Objective The goal of the research is to determine an optimal social media algorithm, one which is able to reduce the number of cases of misinformation and which also ensures that certain individual freedoms (eg, the freedom of expression) are maintained. After performing the analysis described herein, an algorithm was abstracted. The discovery of a set of abstract aspects of an optimal social media algorithm was the purpose of the study. Methods As social media was the most significant contributing factor to the spread of misinformation, the team decided to examine infodemiology across various text-based platforms (Twitter, 4chan, Reddit, Parler, Facebook, and YouTube). This was done by using sentiment analysis to compare general posts with key terms flagged as misinformation (all of which concern COVID-19) to determine their verity. In gathering the data sets, both application programming interfaces (installed using Python’s pip) and pre-existing data compiled by standard scientific third parties were used. Results The sentiment can be described using bimodal distributions for each platform, with a positive and negative peak, as well as a skewness. It was found that in some cases, misinforming posts can have up to 92.5% more negative sentiment skew compared to accurate posts. Conclusions From this, the novel Plebeian Algorithm is proposed, which uses sentiment analysis and post popularity as metrics to flag a post as misinformation. This algorithm diverges from that of the status quo, as the Plebeian Algorithm uses a democratic process to detect and remove misinformation. A method was constructed in which content deemed as misinformation to be removed from the platform is determined by a randomly selected jury of anonymous users. This not only prevents these types of infodemics but also guarantees a more democratic way of using social media that is beneficial for repairing social trust and encouraging the public’s evidence-informed decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fedoruk
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario, Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Harrison Nelson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Russell Frost
- Faculty of Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Kai Fucile Ladouceur
- School of Engineering Technology, Trades, and Aviation, Confederation College, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
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Almoayad F, Mahboub S, Amer LB, Alrabiah A, Alhashem A. Stigmatisation of COVID-19 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2021; 21:525-531. [PMID: 34888070 PMCID: PMC8631232 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.4.2021.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Infectious diseases are the most common cause of disease stigmatisation, which can lead to a denial of healthcare, education, housing and employment as well as physical violence. Such stigmatisation is common during pandemics. This study aimed to examine the social stigmatisation of COVID-19 among residents of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Riyadh in May 2020. Non-probability convenient sampling was used to recruit 847 participants through social media platforms, including WhatsApp. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation coefficient and the chi-squared test were used along with a multiple linear regression model. Results There was a high level of stigma among 21% of the participants and an intermediate level in almost 49% of the participants. Low stigma was indicated among 30% of the study’s sample. A highly significant association existed between stigma, on the one hand, and older age groups, being married and lower levels of education, on the other. Conclusion Future awareness programmes should educate patients and their families about stigma as well as the consequences of stigmatising COVID-19. Stigma eradication policies and interventions should be implemented to avoid potentially harmful consequences for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatmah Almoayad
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samira Mahboub
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain Bin Amer
- Health Education Department, Saudi Alzheimer's Disease Association, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Alrabiah
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Alhashem
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Banakar M, Sadati AK, Zarei L, Shahabi S, Heydari ST, Lankarani KB. Public sphere attitudes towards the rumor sources of the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from community perceptions in Iran. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2187. [PMID: 34844583 PMCID: PMC8628274 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the COVID-19 pandemic, rumors travel far faster than the outbreak itself. The current study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the attitudes of individuals towards the rumors-producing media in Iran. Methods An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in Iran in March 2020 on the source of information and rumors, along with the perception of individuals regarding the reasons for rumors propagation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Results showed that the majority of the participants (59.3%) believed that social media were the main source of rumors. The lack of a reliable and formal news resource was also considered the most common cause of rumoring by the participants (63.6%). An evaluation was carried out to identify the main source of misinformation and rumors. Results showed that Retired participants considered foreign media (P < 0.001) as the main resource. The middle-income level participants believed that social media (P < 0.001) were the main source. In this regard, the highly educated participants (P < 0.001), government employees, and middle-income individuals (P = 0.008) believed that national media produced rumors. Conclusion Although findings were achieved during the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the authorities immediately introduced the national media as a reliable news resource, which allowed both media and its journalists to reduce the gap between themselves and the public sphere. It was suggested that social networks and foreign media be more accountable in pandemics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-12254-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Banakar
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Leila Zarei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Shahabi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Di Y, Li A, Li H, Wu P, Yang S, Zhu M, Zhu T, Liu X. Stigma toward Wuhan people during the COVID-19 epidemic: an exploratory study based on social media. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1958. [PMID: 34715825 PMCID: PMC8554505 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stigma associated with infectious diseases is common and causes various negative effects on stigmatized people. With Wuhan as the center of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, its people were likely to be the target of stigmatization. To evaluate the severity of stigmatization toward Wuhan people and provide necessary information for stigma mitigation, this study aimed to identify the stigmatizing attitudes toward Wuhan people and trace their changes as COVID-19 progresses in China by analyzing related posts on social media. Methods We collected 19,780 Weibo posts containing the keyword ‘Wuhan people’ and performed a content analysis to identify stigmatizing attitudes in the posts. Then, we divided our observation time into three periods and performed repeated-measures ANOVA to compare the differences in attitudes during the three periods. Results The results showed that stigma was mild, with 2.46% of related posts being stigmatizing. The percentages of stigmatizing posts differed significantly during the three periods. The percentages of ‘Infectious’ posts and ‘Stupid’ posts were significantly different for the three periods. The percentage of ‘Irresponsible’ posts was not significantly different for the three periods. After government interventions, stigma did not decrease significantly, and stigma with the ‘Infectious’ attitude even increased. It was not until the government interventions took effect that stigma significantly reduced. Conclusions This study found that stigma toward Wuhan people included diverse attitudes and changed at different periods. After government interventions but before they took effect, stigma with the ‘Infectious’ attitude increased. After government interventions took effect, general stigma and stigmas with ‘Infectious’ and ‘Stupid’ attitudes decreased. This study constituted an important endeavor to understand the stigma toward Wuhan people in China during the COVID-19 epidemic. Implications for stigma reduction and improvement of the public’s perception during different periods of epidemic control are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazheng Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - He Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peijing Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Simin Yang
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Tingshao Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Yashadhana A, Derbas A, Biles J, Grant J. Pandemic-related racial discrimination and its health impact among non-Indigenous racially minoritized peoples in high-income contexts: a systematic review. Health Promot Int 2021; 37:6378749. [PMID: 34595531 PMCID: PMC8500046 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to review articles reporting the perspectives and experiences of pandemic-related discrimination among racially minoritized peoples in high-income contexts. We searched online databases (Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and ProQuest) for peer-reviewed articles published between January 2002 and October 2020. Eligible studies reported either quantitative or qualitative accounts of pandemic-related discrimination from the perspectives of racially minoritized peoples in high-income contexts. Two authors screened 30% of titles/abstracts, and all full-text articles. Each article included for extraction underwent a quality assessment by two reviewers. Data were extracted and categorized thematically using NVivo 12, followed by a secondary analysis informed by critical race theory. Of the 1289 articles screened, 16 articles from five countries met the inclusion criteria. Racial discrimination is heightened during pandemic periods, due to the social association of specific racial groups with pandemic diseases including COVID-19, SARS (Asian), H1N1 (Hispanic) and Ebola (African). Fear based responses to racially minoritized peoples during pandemic periods included verbal/physical abuse, hypersurveillance, and avoidance, often occurring in public spaces. Pandemic-related racism had subsequent impacts on mental health and health care accessibility. Various coping strategies, including community support, avoidance, and problem solving, were documented in response to racial discrimination. Racialized discrimination and violence is a serious threat to the health and wellbeing of racially minoritized peoples, particularly due to its increase during pandemic periods. Racism must be recognized as a public health issue, and efforts to address its increased impact in pandemic contexts should be made, including ensuring that adequate representation of racially minoritized groups is present in policy, planning, and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryati Yashadhana
- School of Nursing, Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia.,Centre for Health Equity Training Research & Evaluation (CHETRE), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,School of Social Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexia Derbas
- School of Nursing, Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia.,School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jessica Biles
- School of Nursing, Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia
| | - Julian Grant
- School of Nursing, Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia
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Kaur TP, Rana A, Perumal V, Sharma A, Dadhwal V, Kulshrestha V, Singhal S, Meena J, Kumar S, Bhatla N. A Cross-Sectional Analysis to Evaluate Knowledge, Attitude And Practices Among Pregnant Women During COVID-19 Pandemic. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2021; 71:18-27. [PMID: 34511781 PMCID: PMC8416569 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-021-01558-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 among pregnant women at a tertiary care hospital. Methods This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional analysis pertaining to COVID-19 which was conducted at a tertiary care obstetric facility in India among 200 consecutive consenting pregnant women. They were assessed for demographic details and KAP score (knowledge—17 questions, attitude—9 questions and practice—8 questions). Analysis of data was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Results The participants had adequate mean knowledge score (± SD) of 22.5 (± 3.5) were following good practices [mean score (± SD) = 15.5 (± 2.6)] and showed positive attitude for preventive measures against COVID-19 [n (%) = 194(96%)]. Low knowledge score (p-value 0.030) was seen in non-health care workers. Conclusion This study demonstrated that majority of the pregnant women had satisfactory knowledge, positive attitude and were following practices in right manner regarding COVID-19 but continued efforts for generating awareness were warranted. As India is battling the second COVID-19 wave and in the absence of definitive cure, strengthening of health policies directed at pregnant women should be prioritized with special focus on significant gaps in KAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarang P Kaur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anubhuti Rana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vanamail Perumal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aparna Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vatsla Dadhwal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vidushi Kulshrestha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Singhal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Meena
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunesh Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neerja Bhatla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Savarese M, Castellini G, Leone S, Previtali E, Armuzzi A, Graffigna G. Psychological reaction to Covid-19 of Italian patients with IBD. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:115. [PMID: 34362456 PMCID: PMC8343359 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00622-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of the novel coronavirus (Covid-19) on disease management and psychological status. This study explored psychological reactions to the Covid-19 emergency and IBD disease management in a sample of Italian patients. Methods An online questionnaire was designed to assess general concerns, psychological reaction, disease management, socio-demographics, and clinical information with validated scales and ad hoc items. A non-probabilistic purposive sample was selected, comprised patients with IBD who belonged to the Italian Association for patients with IBD (AMICI Onlus) completed the questionnaire in April 2020. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, student’s T-test for independent groups, and one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). Results One thousand fourteen eligible questionnaires were analyzed. Italian patients with IBD appeared to be very worried about the Covid-19 emergency (60.7%) and concerned about the risks of infection (59%). Half of the sample reported medium to high-perceived stress, and 74% had low-medium coping self-efficacy levels. One third was in a state of psychological arousal. Twenty-nine percent of patients had canceled hospital appointments for fear of contracting the virus. The majority of responders believed that belonging to the Italian Association for Patients with IBD - AMICI Onlus - is useful. Conclusions The results revealed that this sample of Italian patients with IBD lived with medium level of stress and with inadequate coping self-efficacy regarding disease management. Accordingly, Covid-19 may affect self-management behaviors. Therefore, national and regional associations for patients with IBD, should largely support these patients in this emergency. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-021-00622-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria Savarese
- EngageMinds HUB - Consumer, Food and Health Engagement Research Center, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Milano, 24, 26100, Cremona, Italy
| | - Greta Castellini
- EngageMinds HUB - Consumer, Food and Health Engagement Research Center, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Milano, 24, 26100, Cremona, Italy.
| | | | | | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- Associazione AMICI Onlus, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Guendalina Graffigna
- EngageMinds HUB - Consumer, Food and Health Engagement Research Center, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Milano, 24, 26100, Cremona, Italy
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Saxena A, Gautam SS. Employee mental well-being amidst Covid-19: Major stressors and distress. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS 2021; 21:e2552. [PMID: 33349740 PMCID: PMC7744868 DOI: 10.1002/pa.2552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Saxena
- Institute of Business ManagementGLA UniversityMathuraUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Shashi Shekhar Gautam
- Department of HumanitiesHindustan College of Science & TechnologyMathuraUttar PradeshIndia
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Brown H, Reid K. Navigating Infodemics, Unlocking Social Capital and Maintaining Food Security during the COVID-19 First Wave in the UK: Older Adults' Experiences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147220. [PMID: 34299671 PMCID: PMC8306598 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In March 2020, a national UK lockdown was implemented in response to rapidly rising COVID-19 infections. Those experiencing the most severe public health restrictions were ‘shielding’ groups as well as those over 70 years of age. Older age adults, many of whom were active, independent, and socially connected were immediately instructed to stay at home, to limit all external social contact and consider contingency for maintaining personal food security and social contact. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of older adults during the first UK lockdown (March–June 2020), specifically how our sample reacted to public health messaging, staying food secure and drawing on available social capital within their community. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with eight participants. In addition, twenty-five participants completed a qualitative ‘open-ended’ survey. The data was collated and analysed, adopting a Thematic Analysis informed approach. Three themes were identified: (1) Too Much Information, (2) The Importance of Neighbours and Connections and (3) Not Wishing to be a Burden. These findings offer a rich insight into how early lockdown measures, never witnessed since World War 2, exposed existing pre-pandemic inequalities and concerns relating to loneliness, isolation and wellbeing. The findings are of relevance to researchers, older adult advocate groups and policy makers to inform post COVID-recovery within communities to ensure healthy ageing.
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Li Q, Zhang H, Zhang M, Li T, Ma W, An C, Chen Y, Liu S, Kuang W, Yu X, Wang H. Mental Health Multimorbidity among Caregivers of Older Adults During the COVID-19 Epidemic. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 29:687-697. [PMID: 33509676 PMCID: PMC7816581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate mental health status and associated factors among caregivers of older adults during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. METHODS From March 1 to 31, 2020, 916 caregivers of older adults participated in an online cross-sectional survey on the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and sleep problems. The seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) was administered to measure anxiety symptoms, the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) was used to assess depressive symptoms, and a self-developed questionnaire was used to assess sleep quality and duration. Six questions about COVID-19-related experiences were used to assess community-level infection contact and the level of exposure to media information. The prevalence rates of anxiety, depression and sleep problems were computed. The Wald χ2 were applied to compare the differences between subgroups. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate factors associated with anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and multimorbidity. RESULTS The prevalence rates of anxiety, depression, and sleep problems were 46.8%, 29.8%, and 10.8%, respectively. Approximately 263 participants (28.7%) presented with two or more mental health problems. Being female (OR, 2.254; 95% CI, 1.510-3.363), having community-level COVID-19 contact (OR, 1.856; 95% CI, 1.189-2.898), and having a mental disorder (OR, 3.610; 95% CI, 1.644-7.930) were associated with increased risk of multimorbidity among caregivers. Caregivers who preferred positive information (OR, 0.652; 95% CI, 0.472-0.899) had reduced risk of multimorbidity. CONCLUSION Anxiety and depression were common among caregivers of older adults during the COVID-19 epidemic. Being female and having community-level COVID-19 contact were independent risk factors for experiencing multiple mental health problems. Preexisting mental disorders increased the risk of multimorbidity among caregivers, while enhanced access to positive media information decreased the risk of multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxuan Li
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital) (QL, HZ, MZ, TL, XY, HW), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Dementia Key Laboratory (QL, HZ, MZ, TL, XY, HW), Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital) (QL, HZ, MZ, TL, XY, HW), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Dementia Key Laboratory (QL, HZ, MZ, TL, XY, HW), Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital) (QL, HZ, MZ, TL, XY, HW), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Dementia Key Laboratory (QL, HZ, MZ, TL, XY, HW), Beijing, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital (MZ), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital) (QL, HZ, MZ, TL, XY, HW), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Dementia Key Laboratory (QL, HZ, MZ, TL, XY, HW), Beijing, China
| | - Wanxin Ma
- Taiyanggong Community Health Center (WM), Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Cuixia An
- The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University (CA), Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- The Third People's Hospital of Qinghai Province (YC), Xining, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorders (SL), First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Psychiatry (SL), First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry (WK), Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital) (QL, HZ, MZ, TL, XY, HW), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Dementia Key Laboratory (QL, HZ, MZ, TL, XY, HW), Beijing, China
| | - Huali Wang
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital) (QL, HZ, MZ, TL, XY, HW), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Dementia Key Laboratory (QL, HZ, MZ, TL, XY, HW), Beijing, China.
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Stok FM, Bal M, Yerkes MA, de Wit JBF. Social Inequality and Solidarity in Times of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6339. [PMID: 34208121 PMCID: PMC8296166 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The enormous public health burdens of the COVID-19 pandemic are not distributed equally. Inequalities are noticeable along socio-economic and socio-cultural fault lines. These social determinants of health affect both the prevalence and severity of COVID-19 infections as well as the magnitude of negative impacts of the measures taken to slow the spread of the virus. This perspective paper summarizes key inequalities in who is affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection and in who is affected by COVID-19 prevention measures, based on evidence presented in state-of-the-art literature, and discusses the scope of challenges that these inequalities pose to solidarity and social justice. Key challenges for solidarity are highlighted across three areas: challenges to intergenerational solidarity, to global solidarity, and to intergroup solidarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Marijn Stok
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.B.); (M.A.Y.); (J.B.F.d.W.)
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Yücel A. Symbolic annihilation of Syrian refugees by Turkish news media during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:137. [PMID: 34116671 PMCID: PMC8195449 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-021-01472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article presents a discussion about the representation of Syrian refugees in Turkish news media during the COVID-19 pandemic. Media play a critical role during pandemics by affecting values, opinions, public knowledge about stigmatized groups. When media ignore and stereotypically represent a social group, the social value of the group decreases, and their problems are trivialized. METHOD I analyzed data provided by Media Monitoring Center which is an independent media company in Turkey. Sample was selected to reveal news representation of Syrian refugees between March 11, 2020 (the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Turkey) and August 20, 2020 (the time of this research). Mostly watched television evening (prime) news, the most widely circulated newspapers, and the most visited online news platforms were analyzed. By using content analysis method, the news stories about Syrian refugees were examined. RESULTS It has been revealed that Turkish news media overwhelmingly acclaimed for Turkey's polices on Syrian refugees and the criticized the European Union policies towards refugees in the news stories. Even though almost 4 million Syrian refugees live in Turkey, with the largest refugee population in the world, Turkish news media ignored the plight of Syrian refugees. CONCLUSION Results of the study demonstrate that Syrian refugees were symbolically annihilated by Turkish news media during the COVID-19 pandemic. The concealment of information and symbolic annihilation of disadvantaged groups could potentially cause health disparities and irreparable harm to public health. Moreover, inequities exacerbate when predicaments of stigmatized groups are ignored in the news media. Further studies are needed to reveal the impact of the media on health disparities among stigmatized groups during the pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alev Yücel
- Faculty of Communication, Department of Media, Istanbul Bilgi University, Santralistanbul Kampusu, Eski Silahtaraga Elektrik Santrali Kazim Karabekir Cad. No: 2/13 34060 Eyupsultan, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Jarego M, Pimenta F, Pais-Ribeiro J, Costa RM, Patrão I, Coelho L, Ferreira-Valente A. Do coping responses predict better/poorer mental health in Portuguese adults during Portugal's national lockdown associated with the COVID-19? PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 175:110698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Cheour M. Psychological Distress Among a Tunisian Community Sample During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Correlations with Religious Coping. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:1446-1461. [PMID: 33772687 PMCID: PMC7998088 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in medicine and technology, when facing epidemics people continue to turn to religion to deal with such unpredictable life-threatening events. We aimed to assess psychological distress in the general population of Tunisia during the COVID-19 pandemic and to examine the contribution of religious coping (RC) in the reports of anxiety and depression at the time of the survey. We carried out and online cross-sectional study using a non-probability snowball sampling technique. A total of 603 responses were recorded. The "Depression Anxiety Stress Scales," the "Brief religious coping scale" and the "Arabic religiosity scale" were used. We found that 28.3%, 24.4% and 19.4% of the participants reported severe or extremely severe levels of depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. The mean score for positive RC was 22.8 ± 5.3, while that for negative RC was 14 ± 5.8. After controlling for confounders, multivariate analysis showed that negative RC significantly and positively contributed to depression and anxiety scores in our respondents, indicating that greater use of negative RC was associated with higher levels of psychological distress. No significant relationship was found between overall religiosity or positive religious coping and either depression or anxiety symptoms. Religious beliefs may have an impact on how people cope with emerging infectious disease outbreaks. Religion should be considered by professionals as an important variable to consider in therapy for individuals who engage in RC or perceive religious needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Department of Psychiatry “Ibn Omrane”, Razi Hospital, 1 Rue des Orangers, Manouba, Tunisie
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Majda Cheour
- Department of Psychiatry “Ibn Omrane”, Razi Hospital, 1 Rue des Orangers, Manouba, Tunisie
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
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Li J, Huang C, Yuan B, Liang H. The Impact of Stigmatization on Social Avoidance and Fear of Disclosure among Older People: Implications for Social Policy Preparedness in a Public Health Crisis. J Aging Soc Policy 2021; 33:342-358. [PMID: 33985419 DOI: 10.1080/08959420.2021.1924343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether older people with epicenter travel experiences in the event of the novel coronavirus disease epidemic suffered from stigmatization, which in turn affected subsequent behavior, including fear of disclosure and social avoidance. A three-wave survey was conducted using a time-lagged design of older people who had travel experiences in Hubei, China on the eve of the outbreak. Results reveal positive associations between stigmatization and stress, social avoidance, and fear of disclosure, in addition to positive associations between stress and social avoidance and fear of disclosure. Findings thus suggest that the effects of stigmatization on social avoidance and fear of disclosure is mediated, in part, by stress. De-stigmatization and psychological supports should be prioritized for epidemic prevention and control among older people in quarantine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Li
- Research associate professor, Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Chulan Huang
- Undergraduate, School of Tourism Management, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bocong Yuan
- Associate professor, School of Tourism Management, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haixuan Liang
- Undergraduate, School of Tourism Management, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Sandbakken EM, Moss SM. “Now We Are All in the Same Boat. At the Same Time, We Are Not.” Meaning-Making and Coping Under COVID-19 Lockdown in Norway. HUMAN ARENAS 2021. [PMCID: PMC8106994 DOI: 10.1007/s42087-021-00208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
On March 12, 2020, Norway went on lockdown to handle the COVID-19 outbreak. Near overnight, people faced a new and unfamiliar situation, with restrictive measures in place, extensive uncertainty and the closing down of much of society. The present study explores the meaning-making and coping in everyday life of 16 participants interviewed early in the pandemic. Norway, compared to many other settings in the world, is a privileged context. Nonetheless, participants struggled with this breach with their normal lives. The participants spoke of adapting to the new normal, how the concept of time had changed, how they handled socialisation, dealing with restricted freedom, and imagining the future. Actively drawing on communal coping, as well as problem-focused and emotion-focused individual coping strategies, participants’ accounts illustrate the on-going process of making meaning of their new lives under lockdown. In our discussion, we synthesise various coping processes that the participants made use of in their handling of the new situation. Even though the COVID-19 pandemic is a shared stressor, it influences people differently, and our research contributes with valuable insights into this variation. The recognition of different meaning-making and coping strategies is crucial, as it can constructively inform the development of political and social responses to the pandemic that actively encompasses the variation in individual experiences and ramifications.
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Tušl M, Brauchli R, Kerksieck P, Bauer GF. Impact of the COVID-19 crisis on work and private life, mental well-being and self-rated health in German and Swiss employees: a cross-sectional online survey. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:741. [PMID: 33865354 PMCID: PMC8052554 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 crisis has radically changed the way people live and work. While most studies have focused on prevailing negative consequences, potential positive shifts in everyday life have received less attention. Thus, we examined the actual and perceived overall impact of the COVID-19 crisis on work and private life, and the consequences for mental well-being (MWB), and self-rated health (SRH) in German and Swiss employees. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected via an online questionnaire from 2118 German and Swiss employees recruited through an online panel service (18-65 years, working at least 20 h/week, various occupations). The sample provides a good representation of the working population in both countries. Using logistic regression, we analyzed how sociodemographic factors and self-reported changes in work and private life routines were associated with participants' perceived overall impact of the COVID-19 crisis on work and private life. Moreover, we explored how the perceived impact and self-reported changes were associated with MWB and SRH. RESULTS About 30% of employees reported that their work and private life had worsened, whereas about 10% reported improvements in work and 13% in private life. Mandatory short-time work was strongly associated with perceived negative impact on work life, while work from home, particularly if experienced for the first time, was strongly associated with a perceived positive impact on work life. Concerning private life, younger age, living alone, reduction in leisure time, and changes in quantity of caring duties were strongly associated with perceived negative impact. In contrast, living with a partner or family, short-time work, and increases in leisure time and caring duties were associated with perceived positive impact on private life. Perceived negative impact of the crisis on work and private life and mandatory short-time work were associated with lower MWB and SRH. Moreover, perceived positive impact on private life and an increase in leisure time were associated with higher MWB. CONCLUSION The results of this study show the differential impact of the COVID-19 crisis on people's work and private life as well as the consequences for MWB and SRH. This may inform target groups and situation-specific interventions to ameliorate the crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tušl
- Public & Organizational Health, Center of Salutogenesis, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Rebecca Brauchli
- Public & Organizational Health, Center of Salutogenesis, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Kerksieck
- Public & Organizational Health, Center of Salutogenesis, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georg Friedrich Bauer
- Public & Organizational Health, Center of Salutogenesis, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland
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Lupton D, Lewis S. Learning about COVID-19: a qualitative interview study of Australians' use of information sources. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:662. [PMID: 33823843 PMCID: PMC8024176 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10743-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A multitude of information sources are available to publics when novel infectious diseases first emerge. In this paper, we adopt a qualitative approach to investigate how Australians learnt about the novel coronavirus and COVID-19 and what sources of information they had found most useful and valuable during the early months of the pandemic. METHODS In-depth semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with a diverse group of 40 Australian adults in mid-2020 about their experiences of the COVID-19 crisis. Participants were recruited through Facebook advertising. Detailed case studies were created for each participant, providing the basis of a thematic analysis which focused on the participants' responses to the questions about COVID-19-related information sources. RESULTS Diverse sources of COVID-19-related information, including traditional media, online media and in-person interactions, were actively accessed, appraised and engaged with by participants. There was a high level of interest in COVID-19 information as people grappled with uncertainty, anxiety and feeling overwhelmed. Certain key events or experiences made people become aware that the outbreak was threatening Australia and potentially themselves. Most people demonstrated keen awareness that misinformation was rife in news outlets and social media sites and that they were taking steps to determine the accuracy of information. High trust was placed in health experts, scientists and government sources to provide reliable information. Also important to participants were informal discussions with friends and family members who were experts or working in relevant fields, as well as engaging in-person in interactions and hearing from friends and family who lived overseas about what COVID-19 conditions were like there. CONCLUSION A constantly changing news environment raises challenges for effective communication of risk and containment advice. People can become confused, distressed and overwhelmed by the plethora of information sources and fast-changing news environment. On the other hand, seeking out information can provide reassurance and comfort in response to anxiety and uncertainty. Clarity and consistency in risk messaging is important, as is responding quickly to changes in information and misinformation. Further research should seek to identify any changes in use of and trust in information sources as time goes by.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Lupton
- Vitalities Lab, Centre for Social Research in Health and Social Policy Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Sophie Lewis
- Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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50
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Sabate JM, Deutsch D, Melchior C, Entremont A, Mion F, Bouchoucha M, Façon S, Raynaud JJ, Zerbib F, Jouët P. COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown stress consequences in people with and without Irritable Bowel Syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 18:100660. [PMID: 34150971 PMCID: PMC8206631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2021.100660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background While all resources have been mobilized to fight COVID-19, this study aimed to analyze the consequences of lockdown and pandemic stress in participants with and without Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Methodology An online survey was proposed to people with or without IBS during the exponential phase of the pandemic in France. The questionnaire included questions about socio-demographic data, conditions of confinement, activities carried out, IBS characteristics, measurement of stress level, consequences on sleep, fatigue, anxiety and depression, and quality of life (both perceived non-specific and specific for IBS). Results/Discussion From March 31 to April 15, 2020, 304 participants, 232 with IBS and 72 without were included in the survey (mean age: 46.8 ± 16.8 years, female gender: 75.3%). Age, level of education, financial resources, living space per person and activities performed during confinement were identical in both groups. Stress linked to fear of COVID-19, lockdown and financial worries was at the same level in both groups, but the psychological consequences and deterioration of quality of life (QOL) were both higher in IBS participants. In a univariate analysis, teleworking, solitary confinement, and low household resources had a variable impact on the scores of depression, anxiety, fatigue and non-specific perceived QOL, but in a multivariate analysis, the only factor explaining a deterioration of non-specific QOL was the fact of suffering from IBS. Conclusion/Perspectives Stress linked to the COVID-19 pandemic and confinement is high and equivalent in both IBS and non-IBS participants, with higher psychological and QOL consequences in IBS patients who have altered coping capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Sabate
- Gastroenterology Department, hôpital Avicenne, Paris 13 Nord, AP-HP, 125, rue de Stalingrad, Bobigny, France.,INSERM U-987, Pathophysiology and Clinical Pharmacology of pain, Ambroise-Paré Hospital, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - D Deutsch
- Gastroenterology Department, hôpital Avicenne, Paris 13 Nord, AP-HP, 125, rue de Stalingrad, Bobigny, France
| | - C Melchior
- Gastroenterology Department and INSERM CIC-CRB 1404, Rouen University Hospital and INSERM UMR 1073, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, 76031 Rouen, France
| | - A Entremont
- 28, place du marché Saint-Honoré, 75001 Paris, France
| | - F Mion
- Gastroenterology Department, hôpital Edouard-Herriot, 5, place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - M Bouchoucha
- Gastroenterology Department, hôpital Avicenne, Paris 13 Nord, AP-HP, 125, rue de Stalingrad, Bobigny, France
| | - S Façon
- Association des patients souffrant du syndrome de l'intestin irritable (APSSII, www.apsssi.org), hôpital Avicenne, 125, rue de Stalingrad, Bobigny, France
| | - J-J Raynaud
- Gastroenterology Department, hôpital Avicenne, Paris 13 Nord, AP-HP, 125, rue de Stalingrad, Bobigny, France
| | - F Zerbib
- Gastroenterology Department, hôpital Haut-Lévêque, 1, avenue Magellan, 33604 Pessac cedex, France
| | - P Jouët
- INSERM U-987, Pathophysiology and Clinical Pharmacology of pain, Ambroise-Paré Hospital, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Gastroenterology Department, hôpital Ambroise-Paré, 9, avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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