1
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Langner E, Puapatanakul P, Pudlowski R, Alsabbagh DY, Miner JH, Horani A, Dutcher SK, Brody SL, Wang JT, Suleiman HY, Mahjoub MR. Ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) of mouse and human kidneys for analysis of subcellular structures. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38715433 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) involves the physical magnification of specimens embedded in hydrogels, which allows for super-resolution imaging of subcellular structures using a conventional diffraction-limited microscope. Methods for expansion microscopy exist for several organisms, organs, and cell types, and used to analyze cellular organelles and substructures in nanoscale resolution. Here, we describe a simple step-by-step U-ExM protocol for the expansion, immunostaining, imaging, and analysis of cytoskeletal and organellar structures in kidney tissue. We detail the critical modified steps to optimize isotropic kidney tissue expansion, and preservation of the renal cell structures of interest. We demonstrate the utility of the approach using several markers of renal cell types, centrioles, cilia, the extracellular matrix, and other cytoskeletal elements. Finally, we show that the approach works well on mouse and human kidney samples that were preserved using different fixation and embedding conditions. Overall, this protocol provides a simple and cost-effective approach to analyze both preclinical and clinical renal samples in high detail, using conventional lab supplies and standard widefield or confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Langner
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Pongpratch Puapatanakul
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rachel Pudlowski
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey H Miner
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Amjad Horani
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Susan K Dutcher
- Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Steven L Brody
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer T Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hani Y Suleiman
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Moe R Mahjoub
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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2
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Xu Z, Zhang S, Han T, Cai L, Zhong S, Yang X, Zhang S, Li Y, Liu K, Zhou B, Tian X. Continuous genetic monitoring of transient mesenchymal gene activities in distal tubule and collecting duct epithelial cells during renal fibrosis. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30541. [PMID: 38372186 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial cells (ECs) have been proposed to contribute to myofibroblasts or fibroblasts through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during renal fibrosis. However, since EMT may occur dynamically, transiently, and reversibly during kidney fibrosis, conventional lineage tracing based on Cre-loxP recombination in renal ECs could hardly capture the transient EMT activity, yielding inconsistent results. Moreover, previous EMT research has primarily focused on renal proximal tubule ECs, with few reports of distal tubules and collecting ducts. Here, we generated dual recombinases-mediated genetic lineage tracing systems for continuous monitoring of transient mesenchymal gene expression in E-cadherin+ and EpCAM+ ECs of distal tubules and collecting ducts during renal fibrosis. Activation of key EMT-inducing transcription factor (EMT-TF) Zeb1 and mesenchymal markers αSMA, vimentin, and N-cadherin, were investigated following unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Our data revealed that E-cadherin+ and EpCAM+ ECs did not transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts, nor transiently expressed these mesenchymal genes during renal fibrosis. In contrast, in vitro a large amount of cultured renal ECs upregulated mesenchymal genes in response to TGF-β, a major inducer of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaotong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Han
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Letong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xueying Tian
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai, China
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3
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Langner E, Puapatanakul P, Pudlowski R, Alsabbagh DY, Miner JH, Horani A, Dutcher SK, Brody SL, Wang JT, Suleiman HY, Mahjoub MR. Ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) of mouse and human kidneys for analysis of subcellular structures. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.16.580708. [PMID: 38405695 PMCID: PMC10889020 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.16.580708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) involves the physical magnification of specimens embedded in hydrogels, which allows for super-resolution imaging of subcellular structures using a conventional diffraction-limited microscope. Methods for expansion microscopy exist for several organisms, organs, and cell types, and used to analyze cellular organelles and substructures in nanoscale resolution. Here, we describe a simple step-by-step U-ExM protocol for the expansion, immunostaining, imaging, and analysis of cytoskeletal and organellar structures in kidney tissue. We detail the critical modified steps to optimize isotropic kidney tissue expansion, and preservation of the renal cell structures of interest. We demonstrate the utility of the approach using several markers of renal cell types, centrioles, cilia, the extracellular matrix, and other cytoskeletal elements. Finally, we show that the approach works well on mouse and human kidney samples that were preserved using different fixation and storage conditions. Overall, this protocol provides a simple and cost-effective approach to analyze both pre-clinical and clinical renal samples in high detail, using conventional lab supplies and standard widefield or confocal microscopy.
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4
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DiKun KM, Tang XH, Fu L, Choi ME, Lu C, Gudas LJ. Retinoic acid receptor α activity in proximal tubules prevents kidney injury and fibrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2311803121. [PMID: 38330015 PMCID: PMC10873609 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311803121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function and affects ~13.4% of the global population. Progressive tubulointerstitial fibrosis, driven in part by proximal tubule (PT) damage, is a hallmark of late stages of CKD and contributes to the development of kidney failure, for which there are limited treatment options. Normal kidney development requires signaling by vitamin A (retinol), which is metabolized to retinoic acid (RA), an endogenous agonist for the RA receptors (RARα, β, γ). RARα levels are decreased in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy and restored with RA administration; additionally, RA treatment reduced fibrosis. We developed a mouse model in which a spatiotemporal (tamoxifen-inducible) deletion of RARα in kidney PT cells of adult mice causes mitochondrial dysfunction, massive PT injury, and apoptosis without the use of additional nephrotoxic substances. Long-term effects (3 to 4.5 mo) of RARα deletion include increased PT secretion of transforming growth factor β1, inflammation, interstitial fibrosis, and decreased kidney function, all of which are major features of human CKD. Therefore, RARα's actions in PTs are crucial for PT homeostasis, and loss of RARα causes injury and a key CKD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krysta M. DiKun
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY10065
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY10065
| | - Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY10065
| | - Leiping Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY10065
| | - Mary E. Choi
- New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY10065
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065
| | | | - Lorraine J. Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY10065
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY10065
- Department of Urology, New York, NY10065
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5
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Sandegaard SL, Riishede A, Birn H, Damkier HH, Praetorius J. The Cyst Epithelium in Polycystic Kidney Disease Patients Displays Normal Apical-Basolateral Cell Polarity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1904. [PMID: 38339183 PMCID: PMC10855726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The main characteristic of polycystic kidney disease is the development of multiple fluid-filled renal cysts. The discovery of mislocalized sodium-potassium pump (Na,K-ATPase) in the apical membrane of cyst-lining epithelia alluded to reversal of polarity as a possible explanation for the fluid secretion. The topic of apical Na,K-ATPase in cysts remains controversial. We investigated the localization of the Na,K-ATPase and assessed the apical-basolateral polarization of cyst-lining epithelia by means of immunohistochemistry in kidney tissue from six polycystic kidney disease patients undergoing nephrectomy. The Na,K-ATPase α1 subunit was conventionally situated in the basolateral membrane of all immunoreactive cysts. Proteins of the Crumbs and partitioning defective (Par) complexes were localized to the apical membrane domain in cyst epithelial cells. The apical targeting protein Syntaxin-3 also immunolocalized to the apical domain of cyst-lining epithelial cells. Proteins of the basolateral Scribble complex immunolocalized to the basolateral domain of cysts. Thus, no deviations from the typical epithelial distribution of basic cell polarity proteins were observed in the cysts from the six patients. Furthermore, we confirmed that cysts can originate from virtually any tubular segment with preserved polarity. In conclusion, we find no evidence of a reversal in apical-basolateral polarity in cyst-lining epithelia in polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Loft Sandegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Health Faculty, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (S.L.S.); (A.R.); (H.B.); (H.H.D.)
| | - Andreas Riishede
- Department of Biomedicine, Health Faculty, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (S.L.S.); (A.R.); (H.B.); (H.H.D.)
| | - Henrik Birn
- Department of Biomedicine, Health Faculty, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (S.L.S.); (A.R.); (H.B.); (H.H.D.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Faculty, Aarhus University, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Helle Hasager Damkier
- Department of Biomedicine, Health Faculty, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (S.L.S.); (A.R.); (H.B.); (H.H.D.)
| | - Jeppe Praetorius
- Department of Biomedicine, Health Faculty, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (S.L.S.); (A.R.); (H.B.); (H.H.D.)
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6
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Rudman-Melnick V, Adam M, Stowers K, Potter A, Ma Q, Chokshi SM, Vanhoutte D, Valiente-Alandi I, Lindquist DM, Nieman ML, Kofron JM, Chung E, Park JS, Potter SS, Devarajan P. Single-cell sequencing dissects the transcriptional identity of activated fibroblasts and identifies novel persistent distal tubular injury patterns in kidney fibrosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:439. [PMID: 38172172 PMCID: PMC10764314 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Examining kidney fibrosis is crucial for mechanistic understanding and developing targeted strategies against chronic kidney disease (CKD). Persistent fibroblast activation and tubular epithelial cell (TEC) injury are key CKD contributors. However, cellular and transcriptional landscapes of CKD and specific activated kidney fibroblast clusters remain elusive. Here, we analyzed single cell transcriptomic profiles of two clinically relevant kidney fibrosis models which induced robust kidney parenchymal remodeling. We dissected the molecular and cellular landscapes of kidney stroma and newly identified three distinctive fibroblast clusters with "secretory", "contractile" and "vascular" transcriptional enrichments. Also, both injuries generated failed repair TECs (frTECs) characterized by decline of mature epithelial markers and elevation of stromal and injury markers. Notably, frTECs shared transcriptional identity with distal nephron segments of the embryonic kidney. Moreover, we identified that both models exhibited robust and previously unrecognized distal spatial pattern of TEC injury, outlined by persistent elevation of renal TEC injury markers including Krt8 and Vcam1, while the surviving proximal tubules (PTs) showed restored transcriptional signature. We also found that long-term kidney injuries activated a prominent nephrogenic signature, including Sox4 and Hox gene elevation, which prevailed in the distal tubular segments. Our findings might advance understanding of and targeted intervention in fibrotic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Rudman-Melnick
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Mike Adam
- Division Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kaitlynn Stowers
- Division Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Andrew Potter
- Division Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Qing Ma
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Saagar M Chokshi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Davy Vanhoutte
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Diana M Lindquist
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michelle L Nieman
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J Matthew Kofron
- Division Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eunah Chung
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joo-Seop Park
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Steven Potter
- Division Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Prasad Devarajan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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7
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Mukherjee S, Goswami S, Dash S, Samanta D. Structural basis of molecular recognition among classical cadherins mediating cell adhesion. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:2103-2115. [PMID: 37970977 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cadherins are type-I membrane glycoproteins that primarily participate in calcium-dependent cell adhesion and homotypic cell sorting in various stages of embryonic development. Besides their crucial role in cellular and physiological processes, increasing studies highlight their involvement in pathophysiological functions ranging from cancer progression and metastasis to being entry receptors for pathogens. Cadherins mediate these cellular processes through homophilic, as well as heterophilic interactions (within and outside the superfamily) by their membrane distal ectodomains. This review provides an in-depth structural perspective of molecular recognition among type-I and type-II classical cadherins. Furthermore, this review offers structural insights into different dimeric assemblies like the 'strand-swap dimer' and 'X-dimer' as well as mechanisms relating these dimer forms like 'two-step adhesion' and 'encounter complex'. Alongside providing structural details, this review connects structural studies to bond mechanics merging crystallographic and single-molecule force spectroscopic findings. Finally, the review discusses the recent discoveries on dimeric intermediates that uncover prospects of further research beyond two-step adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbartha Mukherjee
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Saumyadeep Goswami
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Sagarika Dash
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Dibyendu Samanta
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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8
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Cazorla-Vázquez S, Kösters P, Bertz S, Pfister F, Daniel C, Dedden M, Zundler S, Jobst-Schwan T, Amann K, Engel FB. Adhesion GPCR Gpr126 (Adgrg6) Expression Profiling in Zebrafish, Mouse, and Human Kidney. Cells 2023; 12:1988. [PMID: 37566066 PMCID: PMC10417176 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) comprise the second-largest class of GPCRs, the most common target for approved pharmacological therapies. aGPCRs play an important role in development and disease and have recently been associated with the kidney. Several aGPCRs are expressed in the kidney and some aGPCRs are either required for kidney development or their expression level is altered in diseased kidneys. Yet, general aGPCR function and their physiological role in the kidney are poorly understood. Here, we characterize in detail Gpr126 (Adgrg6) expression based on RNAscope® technology in zebrafish, mice, and humans during kidney development in adults. Gpr126 expression is enriched in the epithelial linage during nephrogenesis and persists in the adult kidney in parietal epithelial cells, collecting ducts, and urothelium. Single-cell RNAseq analysis shows that gpr126 expression is detected in zebrafish in a distinct ionocyte sub-population. It is co-detected selectively with slc9a3.2, slc4a4a, and trpv6, known to be involved in apical acid secretion, buffering blood or intracellular pH, and to maintain high cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, respectively. Furthermore, gpr126-expressing cells were enriched in the expression of potassium transporter kcnj1a.1 and gcm2, which regulate the expression of a calcium sensor receptor. Notably, the expression patterns of Trpv6, Kcnj1a.1, and Gpr126 in mouse kidneys are highly similar. Collectively, our approach permits a detailed insight into the spatio-temporal expression of Gpr126 and provides a basis to elucidate a possible role of Gpr126 in kidney physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Cazorla-Vázquez
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.C.-V.); (P.K.)
| | - Peter Kösters
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.C.-V.); (P.K.)
| | - Simone Bertz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Frederick Pfister
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.P.); (C.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.P.); (C.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Mark Dedden
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.D.); (S.Z.)
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.D.); (S.Z.)
| | - Tilman Jobst-Schwan
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Research Center On Rare Kidney Diseases (RECORD), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.P.); (C.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Felix B. Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.C.-V.); (P.K.)
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9
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Sørtvedt X, Nielsen R, Praetorius J, Christensen BM. Absence of E-Cadherin and β-Catenin in the Basal Plasma Membrane of Collecting Duct Cells During NDI Development and Recovery. J Histochem Cytochem 2023; 71:357-375. [PMID: 37439659 PMCID: PMC10363910 DOI: 10.1369/00221554231185809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium (Li) induces severe polyuria and polydipsia in up to 40% of patients undergoing Li treatment. In rats, Li treatment induces a reversible cellular remodeling of the collecting duct (CD), decreasing the fraction of principal-to-intercalated cells. To investigate the potential role of adherens junction proteins, we performed immunohistochemistry on kidney cross-sections from rats treated with Li as well as rats undergoing recovery on a normal diet following 4 weeks of Li-treatment. We performed immunoelectron microscopy on cryosections to determine the ultrastructural localizations. Immunohistochemistry showed that E-cadherin and β-catenin were present in both the lateral and basal plasma membrane domains of CD cells. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed that β-catenin was localized both to the lateral and the basal plasma membrane. The basal localization of both proteins was absent from a fraction of mainly principal cells after 10 and 15 days of Li-treatment. After 4 weeks of Li-treatment few to no cells were absent of E-cadherin and β-catenin at the basal plasma membrane. After 12 and 19 days of recovery some cells exhibited an absence of basal localization of both proteins. Thus, the observed localizational changes of E-cadherin and β-catenin appear before the cellular remodeling during both development and recovery from Li-NDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Sørtvedt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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10
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Williams MC, Zhang X, Baek JH, D’Agnillo F. Renal glomerular and tubular responses to glutaraldehyde- polymerized human hemoglobin. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1158359. [PMID: 37384048 PMCID: PMC10293615 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1158359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are being developed as oxygen and volume replacement therapeutics, however, their molecular and cellular effects on the vasculature and different organ systems are not fully defined. Using a guinea pig transfusion model, we examined the renal glomerular and tubular responses to PolyHeme, a highly characterized glutaraldehyde-polymerized human hemoglobin with low tetrameric hemoglobin content. PolyHeme-infused animals showed no major changes in glomerular histology or loss of specific markers of glomerular podocytes (Wilms tumor 1 protein, podocin, and podocalyxin) or endothelial cells (ETS-related gene and claudin-5) after 4, 24, and 72 h. Relative to sham controls, PolyHeme-infused animals also showed similar expression and subcellular distribution of N-cadherin and E-cadherin, two key epithelial junctional proteins of proximal and distal tubules, respectively. In terms of heme catabolism and iron-handling responses, PolyHeme induced a moderate but transient expression of heme oxygenase-1 in proximal tubular epithelium and tubulointerstitial macrophages that was accompanied by increased iron deposition in tubular epithelium. Contrary to previous findings with other modified or acellular hemoglobins, the present data show that PolyHeme does not disrupt the junctional integrity of the renal glomerulus and tubular epithelium, and triggers moderate activation of heme catabolic and iron sequestration systems likely as part of a renal adaptive response.
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11
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Yang L, Cai J, Rong L, Yang S, Li S. Transcriptome identification of genes associated with uterus-vagina junction epithelial folds formation in chicken hens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102624. [PMID: 37011465 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development regulation of the uterine-vaginal junction (UVJ) epithelial folds during the sexual maturation of female birds played crucial roles in the adults' sperm storage duration and fertilization capability. However, there is a lack of studies on it in the breeding field of laying hens. In this study, White Leghorn was used for the morphological and developmental studies. According to the morphological characteristics, the development of the UVJ epithelial folds was classified into 4 stages (morphological stage T1-T4). Significant individual differences were observed simultaneously, which is one of the factors leading to the adults' UVJ morphological differences. Bulk RNA-seq suggested the different regulations of UVJ epithelial folds were classified into 3 stages (developmental stage S1-S3). Genes enriched in cell proliferation, differentiation, polarity, migration, adhesion and junction were supposed to regulate UVJ epithelial fold formation. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) showed significant differences between different types of cells within UVJ at the developmental stage S2. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed that the different proliferation rates between the epithelium and nonepithelium were one of the key factors leading to the formation of UVJ epithelial folds. Genes in the TGF-beta and WNT pathways may play roles in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of epithelium. Some factors, such as CHD2, CDC42, and carbonic anhydrases, were important participants in forming UVJ epithelial folds. This study will provide new thoughts on the differential regulation of fertilization traits from the developmental biology perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubin Yang
- College of Food Sciences & Technology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Jinping Cai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Li Rong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Sendong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Shijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China.
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12
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Wang D, Sant S, Lawless C, Ferrell N. A kidney proximal tubule model to evaluate effects of basement membrane stiffening on renal tubular epithelial cells. Integr Biol (Camb) 2022; 14:171-183. [PMID: 36573280 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The kidney tubule consists of a single layer of epithelial cells supported by the tubular basement membrane (TBM), a thin layer of specialized extracellular matrix (ECM). The mechanical properties of the ECM are important for regulating a wide range of cell functions including proliferation, differentiation and cell survival. Increased ECM stiffness plays a role in promoting multiple pathological conditions including cancer, fibrosis and heart disease. How changes in TBM mechanics regulate tubular epithelial cell behavior is not fully understood. Here we introduce a cell culture system that utilizes in vivo-derived TBM to investigate cell-matrix interactions in kidney proximal tubule cells. Basement membrane mechanics was controlled using genipin, a biocompatibility crosslinker. Genipin modification resulted in a dose-dependent increase in matrix stiffness. Crosslinking had a marginal but statistically significant impact on the diffusive molecular transport properties of the TBM, likely due to a reduction in pore size. Both native and genipin-modified TBM substrates supported tubular epithelial cell growth. Cells were able to attach and proliferate to form confluent monolayers. Tubular epithelial cells polarized and assembled organized cell-cell junctions. Genipin modification had minimal impact on cell viability and proliferation. Genipin stiffened TBM increased gene expression of pro-fibrotic cytokines and altered gene expression for N-cadherin, a proximal tubular epithelial specific cell-cell junction marker. This work introduces a new cell culture model for cell-basement membrane mechanobiology studies that utilizes in vivo-derived basement membrane. We also demonstrate that TBM stiffening affects tubular epithelial cell function through altered gene expression of cell-specific differentiation markers and induced increased expression of pro-fibrotic growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Snehal Sant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Craig Lawless
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicholas Ferrell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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13
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Montalbetti N, Przepiorski AJ, Shi S, Sheng S, Baty CJ, Maggiore JC, Carattino MD, Vanichapol T, Davidson AJ, Hukriede NA, Kleyman TR. Functional characterization of ion channels expressed in kidney organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F479-F491. [PMID: 35979965 PMCID: PMC9529267 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00365.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney organoids derived from human or rodent pluripotent stem cells have glomerular structures and differentiated/polarized nephron segments. Although there is an increasing understanding of the patterns of expression of transcripts and proteins within kidney organoids, there is a paucity of data regarding functional protein expression, in particular on transporters that mediate the vectorial transport of solutes. Using cells derived from kidney organoids, we examined the functional expression of key ion channels that are expressed in distal nephron segments: the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channel, the renal outer medullary K+ (ROMK, Kir1.1) channel, and the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). RNA-sequencing analyses showed that genes encoding the pore-forming subunits of these transporters, and for BKCa channels, key accessory subunits, are expressed in kidney organoids. Expression and localization of selected ion channels was confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblot analysis. Electrophysiological analysis showed that BKCa and ROMK channels are expressed in different cell populations. These two cell populations also expressed other unidentified Ba2+-sensitive K+ channels. BKCa expression was confirmed at a single channel level, based on its high conductance and voltage dependence of activation. We also found a population of cells expressing amiloride-sensitive ENaC currents. In summary, our results show that human kidney organoids functionally produce key distal nephron K+ and Na+ channels.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our results show that human kidney organoids express key K+ and Na+ channels that are expressed on the apical membranes of cells in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron, including the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel, renal outer medullary K+ channel, and epithelial Na+ channel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aneta J Przepiorski
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shujie Shi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shaohu Sheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Catherine J Baty
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph C Maggiore
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marcelo D Carattino
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thitinee Vanichapol
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alan J Davidson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Neil A Hukriede
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas R Kleyman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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14
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Ali H, Abu-Farha M, Hammad MM, Devarajan S, Bahbahani Y, Al-Khairi I, Cherian P, Alsairafi Z, Vijayan V, Al-Mulla F, Attar AA, Abubaker J. Potential Role of N-Cadherin in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:882700. [PMID: 35712247 PMCID: PMC9194471 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.882700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes affecting about half the people with diabetes and the leading cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Albuminuria and creatinine levels are currently the classic markers for the diagnosis of DN. However, many shortcomings are arising from the use of these markers mainly because they are not specific to DN and their levels are altered by multiple non-pathological factors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify better markers for the accurate and early diagnosis of DN. The study was performed on 159 subjects including 42 control subjects, 50 T2D without DN and 67 T2D subjects with DN. Our data show that circulating N-cadherin levels are significantly higher in the diabetic patients who are diagnosed with DN (842.6 ± 98.6 mg/l) compared to the diabetic patients who do not have DN (470.8 ± 111.5 mg/l) and the non-diabetic control group (412.6 ± 41.8 mg/l). We also report that this increase occurs early during the developmental stages of the disease since N-cadherin levels are significantly elevated in the microalbuminuric patients when compared to the healthy control group. In addition, we show a significant correlation between N-cadherin levels and renal markers including creatinine (in serum and urine), urea and eGFR in all the diabetic patients. In conclusion, our study presents N-cadherin as a novel marker for diabetic nephropathy that can be used as a valuable prognostic and diagnostic tool to slow down or even inhibit ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Maha M. Hammad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Sriraman Devarajan
- National Dasman Diabetes Biobank, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Yousif Bahbahani
- Medical Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Irina Al-Khairi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Preethi Cherian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Zahra Alsairafi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Vidya Vijayan
- National Dasman Diabetes Biobank, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Abdulnabi Al Attar
- Medical Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
- Diabetology Unit, Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
- *Correspondence: Jehad Abubaker,
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15
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Miyano T, Suzuki A, Sakamoto N. Hyperosmotic stress induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition through rearrangements of focal adhesions in tubular epithelial cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261345. [PMID: 34932568 PMCID: PMC8691603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tubular epithelial cells is a hallmark of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and is associated with chronic renal injury as well as acute renal injury. As one of the incidences and risk factors for acute renal injury, increasing the osmolality in the proximal tubular fluid by administration of intravenous mannitol has been reported, but the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Hyperosmotic conditions caused by mannitol in the tubular tissue may generate not only osmotic but also mechanical stresses, which are known to be able to induce EMT in epithelial cells, thereby contributing to renal injury. Herein, we investigate the effect of hyperosmolarity on EMT in tubular epithelial cells. Normal rat kidney (NRK)-52E cells were exposed to mannitol-induced hyperosmotic stress. Consequently, the hyperosmotic stress led to a reduced expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and an enhanced expression of the mesenchymal marker, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), which indicates an initiation of EMT in NKR-52E cells. The hyperosmotic condition also induced time-dependent disassembly and rearrangements of focal adhesions (FAs) concomitant with changes in actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, prevention of FAs rearrangements by cotreatment with Y-27632, a Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor, could abolish the effects of hyperosmotic mannitol treatment, thus attenuating the expression of α-SMA to the level in nontreated cells. These results suggest that hyperosmotic stress may induce EMT through FAs rearrangement in proximal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miyano
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Generation of Induced Nephron Progenitor-like Cells from Human Urine-Derived Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413449. [PMID: 34948246 PMCID: PMC8708572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Regenerative medicine strategies employing nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) are a viable approach that is worthy of substantial consideration as a promising cell source for kidney diseases. However, the generation of induced nephron progenitor-like cells (iNPCs) from human somatic cells remains a major challenge. Here, we describe a novel method for generating NPCs from human urine-derived cells (UCs) that can undergo long-term expansion in a serum-free condition. Results: Here, we generated iNPCs from human urine-derived cells by forced expression of the transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, c-MYC, and SLUG, followed by exposure to a cocktail of defined small molecules. These iNPCs resembled human embryonic stem cell-derived NPCs in terms of their morphology, biological characteristics, differentiation potential, and global gene expression and underwent a long-term expansion in serum-free conditions. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that human iNPCs can be readily generated and expanded, which will facilitate their broad applicability in a rapid, efficient, and patient-specific manner, particularly holding the potential as a transplantable cell source for patients with kidney disease.
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17
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Xiao M, Medipally AK, Biederman L, Satoskar AA, Ivanov I, Rovin BH, Brodsky SV. Chronic Hematuria Increases Chronic Kidney Injury and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in 5/6 Nephrectomy Rats. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:753506. [PMID: 34901065 PMCID: PMC8655688 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.753506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common outcome of many kidney diseases. Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) is a histologic hallmark of CKD. Hematuria is a common symptom in many human kidney diseases. Free hemoglobin may affect tubular epithelial cells by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the tubular epithelial cells has been shown to play an important role in the IFTA development. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of chronic hematuria on the CKD progression in 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6NE) rat model of CKD. 5/6 NE rats were treated with oral warfarin (0.5 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (control). The animals were monitored for 26 weeks, while prothrombin time (PT), serum creatinine (SCr), and hematuria were measured weekly. Staining for iron, trichrome, and EMT (vimentin, E-cadherin, smooth muscle actin) markers was performed on the remnant kidneys. ROS were detected in the kidneys by protein carbonyl assay and immunohistochemistry for heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), at the end of the study. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. Warfarin treatment resulted in a PT increase 1.5–2.5 times from control and an increase in hematuria and SCr. Histologically, warfarin-treated animals had more iron-positive tubular epithelial cells and increased IFTA as compared to control (42.9 ± 17% vs. 18.3 ± 2.6%). ROS were increased in the kidney in warfarin-treated rats. The number of tubules that show evidence of EMT was significantly higher in warfarin-treated 5/6NE as compared to control 5/6NE rats. The number of apoptotic tubular epithelial cells was higher in warfarin-treated 5/6 NE rats. Chronic hematuria results in increased iron-positive tubular epithelial cells, EMT, apoptosis, and more prominent IFTA in CKD rats. Our data suggest an important role of chronic hematuria in the progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ajay K Medipally
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Laura Biederman
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Pathology, Nationwide Children Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Anjali A Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Iouri Ivanov
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Brad H Rovin
- Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sergey V Brodsky
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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18
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Agarwal S, Sudhini YR, Polat OK, Reiser J, Altintas MM. Renal cell markers: lighthouses for managing renal diseases. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F715-F739. [PMID: 34632812 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00182.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidneys, one of the vital organs in our body, are responsible for maintaining whole body homeostasis. The complexity of renal function (e.g., filtration, reabsorption, fluid and electrolyte regulation, and urine production) demands diversity not only at the level of cell types but also in their overall distribution and structural framework within the kidney. To gain an in depth molecular-level understanding of the renal system, it is imperative to discern the components of kidney and the types of cells residing in each of the subregions. Recent developments in labeling, tracing, and imaging techniques have enabled us to mark, monitor, and identify these cells in vivo with high efficiency in a minimally invasive manner. In this review, we summarize different cell types, specific markers that are uniquely associated with those cell types, and their distribution in the kidney, which altogether make kidneys so special and different. Cellular sorting based on the presence of certain proteins on the cell surface allowed for the assignment of multiple markers for each cell type. However, different studies using different techniques have found contradictions in cell type-specific markers. Thus, the term "cell marker" might be imprecise and suboptimal, leading to uncertainty when interpreting the data. Therefore, we strongly believe that there is an unmet need to define the best cell markers for a cell type. Although the compendium of renal-selective marker proteins presented in this review is a resource that may be useful to researchers, we acknowledge that the list may not be necessarily exhaustive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Agarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Onur K Polat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois
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19
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Hanai S, Uchimura K, Takahashi K, Ishii T, Mitsui T, Furuya F. Hypoxia-induced thyroid hormone receptor expression regulates cell-cycle progression in renal tubule epithelial cells. Endocr J 2021; 68:1309-1320. [PMID: 34108302 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia occurs in the kidneys of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, inducing interstitial fibrosis and tubule cell death. Renal tubule cell death is an important determinant of mortality in CKD. We focused on the regulation of cell-cycle-mediated protein expression to prevent cell death under chronic hypoxia in the kidneys of CKD patients. Paraffin-embedded kidney sections from patients with CKD (diabetes nephropathy, nephrosclerosis, or IgA nephropathy) were analyzed for the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), thyroid hormone receptor (TR) β, or p21 and levels of interstitial fibrosis. Human renal proximal tubule cells were exposed to hypoxia and analyzed for the expression of HIF, TRβ, or p21 and the cell-cycle stage. TRβ expression was enhanced early on when fibrosis was not fully developed in the tubule cells of CKD patients. HIF1α bound to the TRβ promoter and directly induced its transcription. Further, HIF1α expression induced the expression of TRβ and inhibited cell-cycle progression. In the early stage of kidney injury, TRβ might act as a guardian to prepare and organize cell-cycle proliferation and prevent cell death. While the molecular mechanism that regulates the expression of cell-cycle regulators in renal tubule cells remains controversial, TRβ has strong potential as a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichiro Hanai
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kohei Uchimura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takahashi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Ishii
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Furuya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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20
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Daroz BB, Fernandes LGV, Cavenague MF, Kochi LT, Passalia FJ, Takahashi MB, Nascimento Filho EG, Teixeira AF, Nascimento ALTO. A Review on Host- Leptospira Interactions: What We Know and Future Expectations. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:777709. [PMID: 34900757 PMCID: PMC8657130 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.777709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. It is considered a neglected infectious disease of human and veterinary concern. Our group has been investigating proteins annotated as hypothetical, predicted to be located on the leptospiral surface. Because of their location, these proteins may have the ability to interact with various host components, which could allow establishment of the infection. These proteins act as adherence factors by binding to host receptor molecules, such as the extracellular matrix (ECM) components laminin and glycosaminoglycans to help bacterial colonization. Leptospira also interacts with the host fibrinolytic system, which has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for invasion mechanisms. The interaction with fibrinogen and thrombin has been shown to reduce fibrin clot formation. Additionally, the degradation of coagulation cascade components by secreted proteases or by acquired surface plasmin could also play a role in reducing clot formation, hence facilitating dissemination during infection. Interaction with host complement system regulators also plays a role in helping bacteria to evade the immune system, facilitating invasion. Interaction of Leptospira to cell receptors, such as cadherins, can contribute to investigate molecules that participate in virulence. To achieve a better understanding of the host-pathogen interaction, leptospiral mutagenesis tools have been developed and explored. This work presents several proteins that mediate binding to components of the ECM, plasma, components of the complement system and cells, to gather research achievements that can be helpful in better understanding the mechanisms of leptospiral-host interactions and discuss genetic manipulation for Leptospira spp. aimed at protein function validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda B. Daroz
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis G. V. Fernandes
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria F. Cavenague
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro T. Kochi
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe J. Passalia
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria B. Takahashi
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson G. Nascimento Filho
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline F. Teixeira
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana L. T. O. Nascimento
- Laboratorio de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Rudman-Melnick V, Adam M, Potter A, Chokshi SM, Ma Q, Drake KA, Schuh MP, Kofron JM, Devarajan P, Potter SS. Single-Cell Profiling of AKI in a Murine Model Reveals Novel Transcriptional Signatures, Profibrotic Phenotype, and Epithelial-to-Stromal Crosstalk. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2793-2814. [PMID: 33115917 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current management of AKI, a potentially fatal disorder that can also initiate or exacerbate CKD, is merely supportive. Therefore, deeper understanding of the molecular pathways perturbed in AKI is needed to identify targets with potential to lead to improved treatment. METHODS We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with the clinically relevant unilateral ischemia-reperfusion murine model of AKI at days 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, and 14 after AKI onset. Using real-time quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and both chromogenic and single-molecule in situ hybridizations, we validated AKI signatures in multiple experiments. RESULTS Our findings show the time course of changing gene expression patterns for multiple AKI stages and all renal cell types. We observed elevated expression of crucial injury response factors-including kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim1), lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), and keratin 8 (Krt8)-and of several novel genes (Ahnak, Sh3bgrl3, and Col18a1) not previously examined in kidney pathologies. AKI induced proximal tubule dedifferentiation, with a pronounced nephrogenic signature represented by Sox4 and Cd24a. Moreover, AKI caused the formation of "mixed-identity cells" (expressing markers of different renal cell types) that are normally seen only during early kidney development. The injured tubules acquired a proinflammatory and profibrotic phenotype; moreover, AKI dramatically modified ligand-receptor crosstalk, with potential pathologic epithelial-to-stromal interactions. Advancing age in AKI onset was associated with maladaptive response and kidney fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS The scRNA-seq, comprehensive, cell-specific profiles provide a valuable resource for examining molecular pathways that are perturbed in AKI. The results fully define AKI-associated dedifferentiation programs, potential pathologic ligand-receptor crosstalk, novel genes, and the improved injury response in younger mice, and highlight potential targets of kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Rudman-Melnick
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mike Adam
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Andrew Potter
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Saagar M Chokshi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Qing Ma
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Keri A Drake
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Meredith P Schuh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - J Matthew Kofron
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Prasad Devarajan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - S Steven Potter
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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22
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Obert LA, Suttie A, Abdi M, Gales T, Dwyer D, Fritz W, Robertson N, Weir L, Frazier K. Congenital Unilateral Renal Aplasia in a Cynomolgus Monkey ( Macaca fascicularis) With Investigation Into Potential Pathogenesis. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 48:766-783. [PMID: 32815469 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320941834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We describe and characterize unilateral renal aplasia in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) from a chronic toxicology study adding to the limited histopathology reports of congenital renal anomalies in macaques. In the current case, the affected kidney was macroscopically small and characterized microscopically by a thin cortex with an underdeveloped medulla and an absent papilla. The remnant medulla lacked a corticomedullary junction and contained only a few irregular collecting duct-like structures. The cortex had extensive interstitial mature collagen deposition with fibromuscular collar formation around Bowman's capsules. Due to parenchymal collapse, mature glomeruli were condensed together with occasional atrophic and sclerotic glomeruli. The majority of the cortical tubules were poorly differentiated with only small islands of fully developed cortical tubules present. Histochemical and immunohistochemical stains were utilized to demonstrate key diagnostic features of this congenital defect, to assist with differentiating it from renal dysplasia, and to provide potential mechanistic pathways. Immunostaining (S100, paired box gene 2 [PAX2], aquaporins) of the medulla was compatible with incomplete maturation associated with aplasia, while the immunostaining profile for the cortex (vimentin, calbindin, PAX2-positive cortical tubules, and smooth muscle actin-positive fibromuscular collars) was most compatible with dedifferentiation secondary to degenerative changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wayne Fritz
- 201915Covance Laboratories Inc., Madison, WI, USA
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23
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A Method for the Evaluation of Site-Specific Nephrotoxic Injury in the Intact Rat Kidney. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8010004. [PMID: 31968633 PMCID: PMC7151727 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In a previously published report we detailed an in situ method to quantify cell death in the renal cortex by perfusing the cell membrane impermeable fluorochrome, ethidium homodimer in situ. The objective of the present study was to use this in situ viability assay to examine cell death following the administration of nephrotoxic drugs known to produce cell death and/or injury in specific segments of the nephron. Male Sprague/Dawley rats were treated with the following nephrotoxicants: Gentamicin, amphotericin-B, and indomethacin. Results of the in situ viability assay indicated that gentamicin and amphotericin-B treatment caused cell death localized in the kidney cortex and medulla, respectively. The urinary biomarker kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) showed significant increases in both gentamicin (20 fold increase) and amphotericin-B-treated (9.2 fold increase) animals. Urinary alpha glutathione-S-transferase (GST) showed significant increases for gentamicin (6.2 fold increase) only and mu GST for amphotericin-B-treated (19.1 fold increase) animals only. These results show that this in situ viability assay provides a sensitive method to identify cell death in different regions of the kidney. Furthermore, urinary alpha GST and mu GST are specific for proximal and distal tubule injury, respectively; urinary Kim-1 demonstrated greater sensitivity to both proximal and distal tubule injury.
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24
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Evaluation of Fetal and Maternal Vancomycin-Induced Kidney Injury during Pregnancy in a Rat Model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00761-19. [PMID: 31332061 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00761-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous literature suggests that maternal vancomycin crosses the placental barrier to the fetus. Further, early animal studies indicated that kidney injury was not observed in the progeny. These studies were conducted prior to the availability of sensitive biomarkers for kidney injury. Therefore, a previous finding of no renal damage to the infant may be misleading. Vancomycin was administered intravenously to pregnant rats at a dose of 250 mg/kg of body weight/day (N = 6 per trimester) on three consecutive gestational days (GD) during trimesters 1, 2, and 3 (T1, T2, and T3, respectively) in three independent cohorts. The dams carried to term and delivered vaginally on GD 21. Kidneys were harvested from dams and pups and homogenized. Samples were prepared by protein precipitation and injected in a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometer, and vancomycin was quantified. The kidney tissue homogenate from dams and pups were analyzed for kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). As trimesters progressed, the quantity of vancomycin increased linearly in the kidneys of both rat dams and pups (P < 0.0001 for T1 and T3, P < 0.0001 for T2 and T3, and P < 0.0001 for T3 and T3 control for both rat dams and pups). KIM-1 concentrations in pup kidneys were significantly higher when dams were administered vancomycin in trimesters 1 (P = 0.0001) and 2 (P = 0.0024) than in controls in trimester 3. Data demonstrate persistence of vancomycin in maternal and rat pup kidneys in all three trimesters of pregnancy with associated damage to the kidney, as indicated by expression of KIM-1.
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25
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Dalghi MG, Clayton DR, Ruiz WG, Al-Bataineh MM, Satlin LM, Kleyman TR, Ricke WA, Carattino MD, Apodaca G. Expression and distribution of PIEZO1 in the mouse urinary tract. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F303-F321. [PMID: 31166705 PMCID: PMC6732449 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00214.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper function of the organs that make up the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra) depends on their ability to sense and respond to mechanical forces, including shear stress and wall tension. However, we have limited understanding of the mechanosensors that function in these organs and the tissue sites in which these molecules are expressed. Possible candidates include stretch-activated PIEZO channels (PIEZO1 and PIEZO2), which have been implicated in mechanically regulated body functions including touch sensation, proprioception, lung inflation, and blood pressure regulation. Using reporter mice expressing a COOH-terminal fusion of Piezo1 with the sequence for the tandem-dimer Tomato gene, we found that PIEZO1 is expressed in the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra as well as organs in close proximity, including the prostate, seminal vesicles and ducts, ejaculatory ducts, and the vagina. We further found that PIEZO1 expression is not limited to one cell type; it is observed in the endothelial and parietal cells of the renal corpuscle, the basolateral surfaces of many of the epithelial cells that line the urinary tract, the interstitial cells of the bladder and ureters, and populations of smooth and striated muscle cells. We propose that in the urinary tract, PIEZO1 likely functions as a mechanosensor that triggers responses to wall tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela G Dalghi
- Department of Medicine and George M. O'Brien Pittsburgh Center for Kidney Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dennis R Clayton
- Department of Medicine and George M. O'Brien Pittsburgh Center for Kidney Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wily G Ruiz
- Department of Medicine and George M. O'Brien Pittsburgh Center for Kidney Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohammad M Al-Bataineh
- Department of Medicine and George M. O'Brien Pittsburgh Center for Kidney Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa M Satlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York
| | - Thomas R Kleyman
- Department of Medicine and George M. O'Brien Pittsburgh Center for Kidney Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William A Ricke
- Department of Urology and George M. O'Brien Center for Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Marcelo D Carattino
- Department of Medicine and George M. O'Brien Pittsburgh Center for Kidney Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gerard Apodaca
- Department of Medicine and George M. O'Brien Pittsburgh Center for Kidney Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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26
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Baig MS, Kolasa-Wołosiuk A, Pilutin A, Safranow K, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Kabat-Koperska J, Wiszniewska B. Finasteride-Induced Inhibition of 5α-Reductase Type 2 Could Lead to Kidney Damage-Animal, Experimental Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16101726. [PMID: 31100850 PMCID: PMC6572442 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the pharmacological treatment of prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia and androgenetic alopecia finasteride is commonly used. This drug inhibits 5α-reductase type 2, which is why finasteride affects androgen homeostasis, since testosterone (T) cannot be reduced to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). As studies on sex-related renal injuries suggest a high probability of androgen-induced renal dysfunction, the aim of this study was to determine the potential harmful effects of finasteride on the kidneys of rats. The study was performed on sexually mature male Wistar rats given finasteride. Histological sections of the kidneys were used for immunohistochemical visualization of the androgen receptor (AR), junctional proteins (occluding (Occ); E-cad, N-cad, E-/N-cadherin; β-cat, β-catenin; connexin 43 (Cx43)), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), IL-6, and lymphocyte markers (CD3 for T cell, CD19 for B cell). The TUNEL method was used for cell apoptosis identification, and picro sirius red staining was used to assess collagen fibers thickness. The levels of T, DHT and estradiol (E2) were determined in blood serum. It was shown that finasteride treatment affected steroid hormone homeostasis, altered the expression of AR and intracellular junction proteins, changed the ratio between cell apoptosis and proliferation, and caused lymphocyte infiltration and an increase of IL-6. The thickening of collagen fibers was observed as tubular fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis. Summarizing, finasteride-induced hormonal imbalance impaired the morphology (i.e., dysplastic glomeruli, swollen proximal convoluted tubules) and physiology (changed level of detected proteins/markers expression) of the kidneys. Therefore, it is suggested that patients with renal dysfunction or following renal transplantation, with androgen or antiandrogen supplementation, should be under special control and covered by extended diagnostics, because the adverse negative effect of DHT deficiency on the progression of kidney disease cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Saim Baig
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kolasa-Wołosiuk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Anna Pilutin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Joanna Kabat-Koperska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine Pomeranian Medical University, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Barbara Wiszniewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
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27
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Oliveira M, Lira R, Freire T, Luna C, Martins M, Almeida A, Carvalho S, Cortez E, Stumbo AC, Thole A, Carvalho L. Bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation rescues the glomerular filtration barrier and epithelial cellular junctions in a renovascular hypertension model. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:740-754. [DOI: 10.1113/ep087330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Oliveira
- Laboratory of Stem Cell ResearchHistology and Embryology DepartmentBiology InstituteState University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafaelle Lira
- Laboratory of Stem Cell ResearchHistology and Embryology DepartmentBiology InstituteState University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Freire
- Laboratory of Stem Cell ResearchHistology and Embryology DepartmentBiology InstituteState University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila Luna
- Laboratory of Stem Cell ResearchHistology and Embryology DepartmentBiology InstituteState University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcela Martins
- Laboratory of Stem Cell ResearchHistology and Embryology DepartmentBiology InstituteState University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline Almeida
- Laboratory of Stem Cell ResearchHistology and Embryology DepartmentBiology InstituteState University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Simone Carvalho
- Laboratory of Stem Cell ResearchHistology and Embryology DepartmentBiology InstituteState University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Erika Cortez
- Laboratory of Stem Cell ResearchHistology and Embryology DepartmentBiology InstituteState University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Stumbo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell ResearchHistology and Embryology DepartmentBiology InstituteState University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Thole
- Laboratory of Stem Cell ResearchHistology and Embryology DepartmentBiology InstituteState University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lais Carvalho
- Laboratory of Stem Cell ResearchHistology and Embryology DepartmentBiology InstituteState University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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28
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Malekshahabi T, Khoshdel Rad N, Serra AL, Moghadasali R. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: Disrupted pathways and potential therapeutic interventions. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12451-12470. [PMID: 30644092 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a monogenic inherited renal cystic disease that occurs in different races worldwide. It is characterized by the development of a multitude of renal cysts, which leads to massive enlargement of the kidney and often to renal failure in adulthood. ADPKD is caused by a mutation in PKD1 or PKD2 genes encoding the proteins polycystin-1 and polycystin-2, respectively. Recent studies showed that cyst formation and growth result from deregulation of multiple cellular pathways like proliferation, apoptosis, metabolic processes, cell polarity, and immune defense. In ADPKD, intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) promotes cyst enlargement by stimulating cell proliferation and transepithelial fluid secretion. Several interventions affecting many of these defective signaling pathways have been effective in animal models and some are currently being tested in clinical trials. Moreover, the stem cell therapy can improve nephropathies and according to studies were done in this field, can be considered as a hopeful therapeutic approach in future for PKD. This study provides an in-depth review of the relevant molecular pathways associated with the pathogenesis of ADPKD and their implications in development of potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talieh Malekshahabi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Khoshdel Rad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andreas L Serra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Klinik Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Establishment of renal proximal tubule cell lines derived from the kidney of p53 knockout mice. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:45-56. [PMID: 30603921 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cell line HK-2 is most commonly used as a model of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) for various studies despite the absence or low expression of transporters characteristic of parental PTECs. In an effort to develop reliable PTEC models, several human cell lines have been newly established over the last decade. In contrast, reliable mouse PTEC models are still unavailable. In this study, we established immortalized renal cortex tubule cell lines derived from p53 knockout mice and evaluated various PTEC characteristics toward the development of reliable mouse PTEC models. Here, we focus on MuRTE61, one of 13 newly established clonal cell lines. Albumin uptake in MuRTE61 cells was verified by incubation with fluorescent dye-labeled albumin. RT-PCR confirmed the expression of efflux transporter genes characteristic of PTECs in the MuRTE61 cells. MuRTE61 cells exhibited high sensitivity to treatment with cisplatin, a nephrotoxic agent, accompanied by upregulated expression of the uptake transporter Slc22a2 gene. Furthermore, MuRTE61 cells consistently formed spheroids with a lumen and apicobasal polarity in three-dimensional Matrigel cultures. Apical brush border microvilli were also observed in the spheroids by transmission electron microscopy. These data validate that MuRTE61 can be characterized as a reliable mouse PTEC line. In future, detailed analysis of reliable mouse and human PTEC lines will provide an accurate extrapolation of results of experiments using mice and humans, and may help resolve apparent inconsistencies between mouse and human nephrotoxicity.
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30
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Eshghi A, Gaultney RA, England P, Brûlé S, Miras I, Sato H, Coburn J, Bellalou J, Moriarty TJ, Haouz A, Picardeau M. An extracellular Leptospira interrogans leucine-rich repeat protein binds human E- and VE-cadherins. Cell Microbiol 2018; 21:e12949. [PMID: 30171791 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic Leptospira bacteria are the causative agents of leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease affecting animals and humans worldwide. These pathogenic species have the ability to rapidly cross host tissue barriers by a yet unknown mechanism. A comparative analysis of pathogens and saprophytes revealed a higher abundance of genes encoding proteins with leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains in the genomes of pathogens. In other bacterial pathogens, proteins with LRR domains have been shown to be involved in mediating host cell attachment and invasion. One protein from the pathogenic species Leptospira interrogans, LIC10831, has been previously analysed via X-ray crystallography, with findings suggesting it may be an important bacterial adhesin. Herein we show that LIC10831 elicits an antibody response in infected animals, is actively secreted by the bacterium, and binds human E- and VE-cadherins. These results provide biochemical and cellular evidences of LRR protein-mediated host-pathogen interactions and identify a new multireceptor binding protein from this infectious Leptospira species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azad Eshghi
- Unité de Biologie des Spirochètes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,University of Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Vancouver Island Technology Park, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Patrick England
- Plate-forme de Biophysique Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, CNRS-UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Brûlé
- Plate-forme de Biophysique Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, CNRS-UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Miras
- Plate-forme de Cristallographie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS-UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Hiromi Sato
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jenifer Coburn
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jacques Bellalou
- Plate-forme de Protéines Recombinantes, Institut Pasteur, CNRS-UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Tara J Moriarty
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine (Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed Haouz
- Plate-forme de Cristallographie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS-UMR 3528, Paris, France
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31
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Benedetti V, Brizi V, Guida P, Tomasoni S, Ciampi O, Angeli E, Valbusa U, Benigni A, Remuzzi G, Xinaris C. Engineered Kidney Tubules for Modeling Patient-Specific Diseases and Drug Discovery. EBioMedicine 2018; 33:253-268. [PMID: 30049385 PMCID: PMC6085557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of engineering systems able to faithfully reproduce complex kidney structures in vitro has made it difficult to efficiently model kidney diseases and development. Using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) scaffolds and a kidney-derived cell line we developed a system to rapidly engineer custom-made 3D tubules with typical renal epithelial properties. This system was successfully employed to engineer patient-specific tubules, to model polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and test drug efficacy, and to identify a potential new pharmacological treatment. By optimizing our system we constructed functional ureteric bud (UB)-like tubules from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and identified a combination of growth factors that induces budding morphogenesis like embryonic kidneys do. Finally, we applied this assay to investigate budding defects in UB-like tubules derived from a patient with a PAX2 mutation. Our system enables the modeling of human kidney disease and development, drug testing and discovery, and lays the groundwork for engineering anatomically correct kidney tissues in vitro and developing personalized medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Benedetti
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Valerio Brizi
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Guida
- Nanomed Laboratories, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Susanna Tomasoni
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Osele Ciampi
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Elena Angeli
- Nanomed Laboratories, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Ugo Valbusa
- Nanomed Laboratories, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Ariela Benigni
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, 24126 Bergamo, Italy; 'L. Sacco' Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy; Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Christodoulos Xinaris
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, 24126 Bergamo, Italy.
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Zeng F, Miyazawa T, Kloepfer LA, Harris RC. ErbB4 deletion accelerates renal fibrosis following renal injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F773-F787. [PMID: 28724608 PMCID: PMC6031915 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00260.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is a prominent factor in the progression of chronic kidney disease regardless of etiology. Avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 4 (ErbB4) expression levels were inversely correlated to renal fibrosis in human fibrotic kidneys. In both unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and ischemia-reperfusion injury followed by uninephrectomy (IRI/UNx) mouse models, expression levels of ErbB4 were elevated in the early stage of renal injury. Using mice with global ErbB4 deletion except for transgenic rescue in cardiac tissue ( ErbB4-/-ht+), we determined that UUO induced similar injury in proximal tubules compared with wild-type mice but more severe injury in distal nephrons. TIF was apparent earlier and was more pronounced following UUO in ErbB4-/-ht+ mice. With ErbB4 deletion, UUO injury inhibited protein kinase B phosphorylation and increased the percentage of cells in G2/M arrest. There was also increased nuclear immunostaining of yes-associated protein and increased expression of phospho-Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3, snail1, and vimentin. These results indicate that ErbB4 deletion accelerates the development and progression of renal fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. Similar results were found in a mouse IRI/UNx model. In conclusion, increased expression of ErbB4 in the early stages of renal injury may reflect a compensatory effect to lessen tubulointerstitial injury.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Kidney Injury/etiology
- Acute Kidney Injury/genetics
- Acute Kidney Injury/metabolism
- Acute Kidney Injury/pathology
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Cycle Proteins
- Cell Dedifferentiation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Fibrosis
- G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints
- Gene Deletion
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Mice, Knockout
- Nephrectomy
- Phenotype
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-4/deficiency
- Receptor, ErbB-4/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-4/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Reperfusion Injury/etiology
- Reperfusion Injury/genetics
- Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
- Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Severity of Illness Index
- Signal Transduction
- Smad3 Protein/metabolism
- Snail Family Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Ureteral Obstruction/complications
- Vimentin/metabolism
- YAP-Signaling Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Zeng
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tomoki Miyazawa
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lance A Kloepfer
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs , Nashville, Tennessee
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Amnionless-mediated glycosylation is crucial for cell surface targeting of cubilin in renal and intestinal cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2351. [PMID: 29402915 PMCID: PMC5799345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in either cubilin (CUBN) or amnionless (AMN) genes cause Imerslund–Gräsbeck syndrome (IGS), a hereditary disease characterised by anaemia attributed to selective intestinal malabsorption of cobalamin and low-molecular weight proteinuria. Although cubilin protein does not have a transmembrane segment, it functions as a multi-ligand receptor by binding to the transmembrane protein, amnionless. We established a system to quantitatively analyse membrane targeting of the protein complex in cultured renal and intestinal cells and analysed the pathogenic mechanisms of mutations found in IGS patients. A novel CUBN mutation, several previously reported CUBN missense mutations and all previously reported AMN missense mutations resulted in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention and completely inhibited amnionless-dependent plasma membrane expression of cubilin. The ER retention of cubilin and amnionless was confirmed in renal proximal tubular cells of a patient with IGS. Notably, the interaction between cubilin and amnionless was not sufficient, but amnionless-mediated glycosylation of cubilin was necessary for their surface expression. Quantitative mass spectrometry and mutagenesis demonstrated that N-linked glycosylation of at least 4 residues of cubilin protein was required for its surface targeting. These results delineated the molecular mechanisms of membrane trafficking of cubilin in renal and intestinal cells.
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Asico LD, Cuevas S, Ma X, Jose PA, Armando I, Konkalmatt PR. Nephron segment-specific gene expression using AAV vectors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:19-24. [PMID: 29407172 PMCID: PMC5893140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AAV9 vector provides efficient gene transfer in all segments of the renal nephron, with minimum expression in non-renal cells, when administered retrogradely via the ureter. It is important to restrict the transgene expression to the desired cell type within the kidney, so that the physiological endpoints represent the function of the transgene expressed in that specific cell type within kidney. We hypothesized that segment-specific gene expression within the kidney can be accomplished using the highly efficient AAV9 vectors carrying the promoters of genes that are expressed exclusively in the desired segment of the nephron in combination with administration by retrograde infusion into the kidney via the ureter. We constructed AAV vectors carrying eGFP under the control of: kidney-specific cadherin (KSPC) gene promoter for expression in the entire nephron; Na+/glucose co-transporter (SGLT2) gene promoter for expression in the S1 and S2 segments of the proximal tubule; sodium, potassium, 2 chloride co-transporter (NKCC2) gene promoter for expression in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (TALH); E-cadherin (ECAD) gene promoter for expression in the collecting duct (CD); and cytomegalovirus (CMV) early promoter that provides expression in most of the mammalian cells, as control. We tested the specificity of the promoter constructs in vitro for cell type-specific expression in mouse kidney cells in primary culture, followed by retrograde infusion of the AAV vectors via the ureter in the mouse. Our data show that AAV9 vector, in combination with the segment-specific promoters administered by retrograde infusion via the ureter, provides renal nephron segment-specific gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureano D Asico
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Santiago Cuevas
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xiaobo Ma
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ines Armando
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Prasad R Konkalmatt
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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17β-Estradiol Accelerated Renal Tubule Regeneration in Male Rats After Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Shock 2018; 46:158-63. [PMID: 26849629 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic/reperfusion injury (IRI) is the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Murine studies report that pretreatment with 17β-estradiol protects against AKI using multiple mechanisms, but how 17β-estradiol is involved in regenerating tubular cells is unknown. To visualize the kidney injury and repair, we used 17β-estradiol to treat rats with postischemic acute kidney injury. AKI was induced by clamping the renal pedicle for 90 minutes 2 weeks after a unilateral nephrectomy. Rats were treated with an intravenous injection of 17β-estradiol or vehicle immediately after reperfusion. Kidney injury was assessed by measuring biochemical and histopathological changes. Immunohistochemical staining of vimentin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and E-cadherin were used to assess dedifferentiation, proliferation, and redifferentiation. Rats treated with 17β-estradiol had less kidney injury than did vehicle-treated rats post-IRI day 1. The number of PCNA-positive (PCNA) cells was significantly higher in post-IRI kidneys on day 1 in 17β-estradiol-treated rats. Moreover, vimentin and E-cadherin cells, which were interpreted as regeneration markers, were expressed earlier and significantly more copiously in 17β-estradiol-treated rats. We hypothesize that 17β-estradiol attenuates IRI-induced AKI by reducing inflammation and accelerating injured tubular cell regeneration.
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36
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Deletion of Pkd1 in renal stromal cells causes defects in the renal stromal compartment and progressive cystogenesis in the kidney. J Transl Med 2017; 97:1427-1438. [PMID: 28892094 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), caused by PKD1 and PKD2 gene mutations, is one of the most common genetic diseases, affecting up to 1 in 500 people. Mutations of PKD1 account for over 85% of ADPKD cases. However, mechanisms of disease progression and explanations for the wide range in disease phenotype remain to be elucidated. Moreover, functional roles of PKD1 in the renal stromal compartment are poorly understood. In this work, we tested if Pkd1 is essential for development and maintenance of the renal stromal compartment and if this role contributes to pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease using a novel tissue-specific knockout mouse model. We demonstrate that deletion of Pkd1 from renal stromal cells using Foxd1-driven Cre causes a spectrum of defects in the stromal compartment, including excessive apoptosis/proliferation and extracellular matrix deficiency. Renal vasculature was also defective. Further, mutant mice showed epithelial changes and progressive cystogenesis in adulthood modeling human ADPKD. Altogether, we provide robust evidence to support indispensable roles for Pkd1 in development and maintenance of stromal cell derivatives by using a novel ADPKD model. Moreover, stromal compartment defects caused by Pkd1 deletion might serve as an important mechanism for pathogenesis of ADPKD.
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Bombelli S, Meregalli C, Scalia C, Bovo G, Torsello B, De Marco S, Cadamuro M, Viganò P, Strada G, Cattoretti G, Bianchi C, Perego RA. Nephrosphere-Derived Cells Are Induced to Multilineage Differentiation when Cultured on Human Decellularized Kidney Scaffolds. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:184-195. [PMID: 29037855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In end-stage chronic kidney disease, the option of organ transplantation is limited because of the scarce availability of kidneys. The combination of stem cell research, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering seems a promising approach to produce new transplantable kidneys. Currently, the possibility to repopulate naturally obtained scaffolds with cells of different sources is advancing. Our aim was to test, for the first time, whether the nephrosphere (NS) cells, composed by renal stem/progenitor-like cells, were able to repopulate different nephron portions of renal extracellular matrix scaffolds obtained after decellularization of human renal tissue slices. Our decellularization protocol enabled us to obtain a completely acellular renal scaffold while maintaining the extracellular matrix structure and composition in terms of collagen IV, laminin, and fibronectin. NS cells, cultured on decellularized renal scaffolds with basal medium, differentiated into proximal and distal tubules as well as endothelium, as highlighted by histology and by the specific expression of epithelial cytokeratin 8.18, proximal tubular CD10, distal tubular cytokeratin 7, and endothelial von Willebrand factor markers. Endothelial medium promoted the differentiation toward the endothelium, whereas epithelial medium promoted the differentiation toward the epithelium. NS cells seem to be a good tool for scaffold repopulation, paving the way for experimental investigations focused on whole-kidney reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bombelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Meregalli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza, Italy
| | - Carla Scalia
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bovo
- Urology Unit, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Barbara Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza, Italy
| | - Sofia De Marco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Viganò
- Urology Unit, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Guido Strada
- Urology Unit, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cattoretti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza, Italy; Anatomo-Pathology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto A Perego
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza, Italy.
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38
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Terada N, Karim MR, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. Immunolocalization of β-catenin, E-cadherin and N-cadherin in neonate and adult rat kidney. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1785-1790. [PMID: 28993569 PMCID: PMC5709553 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
β-catenin, E-cadherin and N-cadherin are adhesion molecules that play important roles in organogenesis, tissue homeostasis, renal epithelial integrity and polarity. The present study demonstrated their immunolocalization in adult and neonate rat kidney. Membranous or cytoplasmic expression of β-catenin, E-cadherin and N-cadherin were seen in adult and developing renal tubular epithelial cells. Particularly, in adult kidney, E-cadherin and β-catenin were intensively expressed in distal renal tubules, whereas N-cadherin was expressed in proximal renal tubules. In neonate rat kidney on 1 and 4 days old, developing renal tubular epithelial cells were mainly reacted with E-cadherin and very weakly expressed N-cadherin; β-catenin was expressed in developing renal tubules and mesenchymal blastemal cells. Interestingly, β-catenin-positive renal tubular epithelial cells simultaneously expressed E-cadherin in the kidney of adult and developing rats. Collectively, the adhesion molecules were differentially distributed in the renal tubules of adult rats and β-catenin and E-cadherin are predominant adhesion molecules in developing kidney. The present findings would provide the basic information of evaluating renal tubular toxicity using rats, in addition to renal genesis, in terms of adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Terada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mohammad Rabiul Karim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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39
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Menezes L, Fioravanti M, Oliveira F, Silva M, Franco L, Sales T, Andrascko M, Guimarães L, Miguel M, Araújo E. Histological evaluation and E-cadherin and β-catenin expression in kidney of dogs submitted to renal ischemia and reperfusion after chlorpromazine administration. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Renal ischemia can be associated with some urological procedures, such as renovascular surgery or kidney transplantation, that are often followed by acute renal failure. The aim of this study was to verify the E-cadherin and β-catenin localization in canine kidney in different times of renal ischemia and reperfusion after chlorpromazine application. Twelve dogs were randomly distributed equally into two groups. GroupA with ischemia and reperfusion without chlorpromazine and groupB with ischemia and reperfusion treated by chlorpromazine. GroupB received intravenous chlorpromazine, 15 min before the artery obstruction, which lasted 1 hour. After this period, the clamps in the renal arteries were released and the organ remained in reperfusion for 2 hours. In each group, anti-E-cadherin and anti-β-catenin antibodies were made in six tissue samples from renal parenchyma. E-cadherin and β-catenin are differentially expressed in segments from cortex and medulla in dog’s kidneys and the use of chlorpromazine did not alter the expression of both proteins. Occlusion of the left renal artery in dogs causes morphological alterations mainly in proximal convoluted tubules, beginning 30min after the start of ischemia and being aggravated after two hours of reperfusion. These results reveal that chlorpromazine did not change kidneys’ histological aspect nor E-cadherin and β-catenin expression.
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Shrestha S, Somji S, Sens DA, Slusser-Nore A, Patel DH, Savage E, Garrett SH. Human renal tubular cells contain CD24/CD133 progenitor cell populations: Implications for tubular regeneration after toxicant induced damage using cadmium as a model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 331:116-129. [PMID: 28587817 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The proximal tubules of the kidney are target sites of injury by various toxicants. Cadmium (Cd+2), an environmental nephrotoxicant can cause adverse effects and overt renal damage. To decipher the mechanisms involved in nephrotoxicity, an in vitro model system is required. Mortal cultures of human proximal tubule (HPT) cells have served, as models but are difficult to acquire and do not lend themselves to stable transfection. The immortalized human proximal tubule cell line HK-2, has served as a model but it lacks vectorial active transport and shows signs of lost epithelial features. Recently a new proximal tubule cell line was developed, the RPTEC/TERT1, and the goal of this study was to determine if this cell line could serve as a model to study nephrotoxicity. Global gene expression analysis of this cell line in comparison to the HK-2 and HPT cells showed that the RPTEC/TERT1 cells had gene expression patterns similar to HPT cells when compared to the HK-2 cells. The HPT and the RPTEC/TERT1 cell line had an increased population of stem/progenitor cells co-expressing CD24 and CD133 when compared to the HK-2 cells. The level of expression of cadherins, claudins and occludin molecules was also similar between the RPTEC/TERT1 and the HPT cells. Acute exposure to Cd+2 resulted in necrosis of the RPTEC/TERT1 cells when compared to the HK-2 cells which died by apoptosis. Thus, the RPTEC/TERT1 cells are similar to HPT cells and can serve as a good model system to study mechanisms involved in toxicant induced renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swojani Shrestha
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N. Columbia Road, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States.
| | - Seema Somji
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N. Columbia Road, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States.
| | - Donald A Sens
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N. Columbia Road, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States.
| | - Andrea Slusser-Nore
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N. Columbia Road, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
| | - Divyen H Patel
- Genome Explorations, Division of Compass Lab Services, 654 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38105, United States.
| | - Evan Savage
- Genome Explorations, Division of Compass Lab Services, 654 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38105, United States.
| | - Scott H Garrett
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N. Columbia Road, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States.
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Mata-Miranda MM, Vazquez-Zapien GJ, Rojas-Lopez M, Sanchez-Monroy V, Perez-Ishiwara DG, Delgado-Macuil RJ. Morphological, molecular and FTIR spectroscopic analysis during the differentiation of kidney cells from pluripotent stem cells. Biol Res 2017; 50:14. [PMID: 28376862 PMCID: PMC5379680 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-017-0119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney diseases are a global health problem. Currently, over 2 million people require dialysis or transplant which are associated with high morbidity and mortality; therefore, new researches focused on regenerative medicine have been developed, including the use of stem cells. Results In this research, we generate differentiated kidney cells (DKCs) from mouse pluripotent stem cells (mPSCs) analyzing their morphological, genetic, phenotypic, and spectroscopic characteristics along differentiation, highlighting that there are no reports of the use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to characterize the directed differentiation of mPSCs to DKCs. The genetic and protein experiments proved the obtention of DKCs that passed through the chronological stages of embryonic kidney development. Regarding vibrational spectroscopy analysis by FTIR, bands related with biomolecules were shown on mPSCs and DKCs spectra, observing distinct differences between cell lineages and maturation stages. The second derivative of DKCs spectra showed changes in the protein bands compared to mPSCs. Finally, the principal components analysis obtained from FTIR spectra allowed to characterize chemical and structurally mPSCs and their differentiation process to DKCs in a rapid and non-invasive way. Conclusion Our results indicated that we obtained DKCs from mPSCs, which passed through the chronological stages of embryonic kidney development. Moreover, FTIR spectroscopy resulted in a non-invasive, rapid and precise technic that together with principal component analysis allows to characterize chemical and structurally both kind of cells and also discriminate and determine different stages along the cell differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Maribel Mata-Miranda
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, CIBA-Tlaxcala, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 90700, Tepetitla, Tlaxcala, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Escuela Médico Militar, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, 11200, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Jesus Vazquez-Zapien
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, CIBA-Tlaxcala, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 90700, Tepetitla, Tlaxcala, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Embriología, Escuela Médico Militar, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, 11200, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marlon Rojas-Lopez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, CIBA-Tlaxcala, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 90700, Tepetitla, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Virginia Sanchez-Monroy
- Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07320, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Raul Jacobo Delgado-Macuil
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, CIBA-Tlaxcala, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 90700, Tepetitla, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
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42
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Emlet DR, Pastor-Soler N, Marciszyn A, Wen X, Gomez H, Humphries WH, Morrisroe S, Volpe JK, Kellum JA. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2: differential expression and secretion in human kidney tubule cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F284-F296. [PMID: 28003188 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00271.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have characterized the expression and secretion of the acute kidney injury (AKI) biomarkers insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) in human kidney epithelial cells in primary cell culture and tissue. We established cell culture model systems of primary kidney cells of proximal and distal tubule origin and observed that both proteins are indeed expressed and secreted in both tubule cell types in vitro. However, TIMP-2 is both expressed and secreted preferentially by cells of distal tubule origin, while IGFBP7 is equally expressed across tubule cell types yet preferentially secreted by cells of proximal tubule origin. In human kidney tissue, strong staining of IGFBP7 was seen in the luminal brush-border region of a subset of proximal tubule cells, and TIMP-2 stained intracellularly in distal tubules. Additionally, while some tubular colocalization of both biomarkers was identified with the injury markers kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, both biomarkers could also be seen alone, suggesting the possibility for differential mechanistic and/or temporal profiles of regulation of these early AKI biomarkers from known markers of injury. Last, an in vitro model of ischemia-reperfusion demonstrated enhancement of secretion of both markers early after reperfusion. This work provides a rationale for further investigation of these markers for their potential role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Emlet
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nuria Pastor-Soler
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Allison Marciszyn
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Xiaoyan Wen
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hernando Gomez
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Seth Morrisroe
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacob K Volpe
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John A Kellum
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; .,Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
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Li X, Gao J, Huang K, Qi X, Dai Q, Mei X, Xu W. Dynamic changes of global DNA methylation and hypermethylation of cell adhesion-related genes in rat kidneys in response to ochratoxin A. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2014.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA), which is found in a variety of food products, is associated with the development of nephrotoxicity and carcinogenicity in rats and has raised public health concerns. A previous study in our laboratory indicated that OTA exposure induced cytotoxicity by decreasing global DNA methylation in vitro. However, the relationship between OTA-induced nephrotoxicity and DNA methylation changes in vivo remains unclear. The object of this study was to investigate whether OTA can change global DNA methylation or alter the expression of several critical tumour-related genes by inducing methylation modifications before carcinogenesis. We focused on the mechanism of action of OTA in regard to DNA methylation, including the expression of DNA methyltransferases and the regulation of specific cell signalling pathways. Dynamic and dose-dependent changes of global DNA methylation were observed during OTA-induced nephrotoxicity and probably associated with the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1. 13-week exposure of OTA caused hypermethylation in the promoters of critical cell adhesion-related genes, E-cadherin and N-cadherin, leading to reduction of the corresponding mRNA expression, accompanied by transcriptional activation of the Wnt and PI3K/AKT pathways. These findings suggested that long-term OTA exposure could disrupt DNA methylation profile, which might be one of the possible mechanisms of OTA-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Li
- Laboratory of food safety and molecular biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China P.R
| | - J. Gao
- Laboratory of food safety and molecular biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China P.R
| | - K. Huang
- Laboratory of food safety and molecular biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China P.R
- Laboratory of Food quality and safety, Beijing 100083, China P.R
| | - X. Qi
- Laboratory of food safety and molecular biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China P.R
| | - Q. Dai
- Laboratory of food safety and molecular biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China P.R
| | - X. Mei
- Laboratory of food safety and molecular biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China P.R
| | - W. Xu
- Laboratory of food safety and molecular biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China P.R
- Laboratory of Food quality and safety, Beijing 100083, China P.R
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44
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Sato S, Kawamata Y, Takahashi A, Imai Y, Hanyu A, Okuma A, Takasugi M, Yamakoshi K, Sorimachi H, Kanda H, Ishikawa Y, Sone S, Nishioka Y, Ohtani N, Hara E. Ablation of the p16(INK4a) tumour suppressor reverses ageing phenotypes of klotho mice. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7035. [PMID: 25923845 PMCID: PMC4421814 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The p16INK4a tumour suppressor has an established role in the implementation of cellular senescence in stem/progenitor cells, which is thought to contribute to organismal ageing. However, since p16INK4a knockout mice die prematurely from cancer, whether p16INK4a reduces longevity remains unclear. Here we show that, in mutant mice homozygous for a hypomorphic allele of the α-klotho ageing-suppressor gene (klkl/kl), accelerated ageing phenotypes are rescued by p16INK4a ablation. Surprisingly, this is due to the restoration of α-klotho expression in klkl/kl mice and does not occur when p16INK4a is ablated in α-klotho knockout mice (kl−/−), suggesting that p16INK4a is an upstream regulator of α-klotho expression. Indeed, p16INK4a represses α-klotho promoter activity by blocking the functions of E2Fs. These results, together with the observation that the expression levels of p16INK4a are inversely correlated with those of α-klotho throughout ageing, indicate that p16INK4a plays a previously unrecognized role in downregulating α-klotho expression during ageing. The protein p16INK4a promotes senescence in tissue stem cells and thereby contributes to organismal ageing. Here the authors reveal that p16INK4a also downregulates expression of a-klotho, thereby revealing an additional ageing-promoting function of 16INK4a that is independent from its role in senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seidai Sato
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yuka Kawamata
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Akiko Takahashi
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Imai
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Aki Hanyu
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okuma
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Masaki Takasugi
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Kimi Yamakoshi
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sorimachi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanda
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ishikawa
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Saburo Sone
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohtani
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Eiji Hara
- Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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45
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Williams RM, Shah J, Ng BD, Minton DR, Gudas LJ, Park CY, Heller DA. Mesoscale nanoparticles selectively target the renal proximal tubule epithelium. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:2358-64. [PMID: 25811353 PMCID: PMC4518714 DOI: 10.1021/nl504610d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized "mesoscale" nanoparticles, approximately 400 nm in diameter, which unexpectedly localized selectively in renal proximal tubules and up to 7 times more efficiently in the kidney than other organs. Although nanoparticles typically localize in the liver and spleen, modulating their size and opsonization potential allowed for stable targeting of the kidneys through a new proposed uptake mechanism. Applying this kidney targeting strategy, we anticipate use in the treatment of renal disease and the study of renal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Williams
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Janki Shah
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Brandon D. Ng
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Denise R. Minton
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Lorraine J. Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Christopher Y. Park
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Daniel A. Heller
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
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46
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Slusser A, Bathula CS, Sens DA, Somji S, Sens MA, Zhou XD, Garrett SH. Cadherin expression, vectorial active transport, and metallothionein isoform 3 mediated EMT/MET responses in cultured primary and immortalized human proximal tubule cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120132. [PMID: 25803827 PMCID: PMC4372585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cultures of human proximal tubule cells have been widely utilized to study the role of EMT in renal disease. The goal of this study was to define the role of growth media composition on classic EMT responses, define the expression of E- and N-cadherin, and define the functional epitope of MT-3 that mediates MET in HK-2 cells. METHODS Immunohistochemistry, microdissection, real-time PCR, western blotting, and ELISA were used to define the expression of E- and N-cadherin mRNA and protein in HK-2 and HPT cell cultures. Site-directed mutagenesis, stable transfection, measurement of transepithelial resistance and dome formation were used to define the unique amino acid sequence of MT-3 associated with MET in HK-2 cells. RESULTS It was shown that both E- and N-cadherin mRNA and protein are expressed in the human renal proximal tubule. It was shown, based on the pattern of cadherin expression, connexin expression, vectorial active transport, and transepithelial resistance, that the HK-2 cell line has already undergone many of the early features associated with EMT. It was shown that the unique, six amino acid, C-terminal sequence of MT-3 is required for MT-3 to induce MET in HK-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS The results show that the HK-2 cell line can be an effective model to study later stages in the conversion of the renal epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell. The HK-2 cell line, transfected with MT-3, may be an effective model to study the process of MET. The study implicates the unique C-terminal sequence of MT-3 in the conversion of HK-2 cells to display an enhanced epithelial phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Slusser
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Chandra S. Bathula
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Donald A. Sens
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Seema Somji
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Mary Ann Sens
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Xu Dong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Scott H. Garrett
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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47
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Abstract
The mammalian kidney forms via cell-cell interactions between an epithelial outgrowth of the nephric duct and the surrounding nephrogenic mesenchyme. Initial morphogenetic events include ureteric bud branching to form the collecting duct (CD) tree and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transitions to form the nephrons, requiring reciprocal induction between adjacent mesenchyme and epithelial cells. Within the tips of the branching ureteric epithelium, cells respond to mesenchyme-derived trophic factors by proliferation, migration, and mitosis-associated cell dispersal. Self-inhibition signals from one tip to another play a role in branch patterning. The position, survival, and fate of the nephrogenic mesenchyme are regulated by ECM and secreted signals from adjacent tip and stroma. Signals from the ureteric tip promote mesenchyme self-renewal and trigger nephron formation. Subsequent fusion to the CDs, nephron segmentation and maturation, and formation of a patent glomerular basement membrane also require specialized cell-cell interactions. Differential cadherin, laminin, nectin, and integrin expression, as well as intracellular kinesin and actin-mediated regulation of cell shape and adhesion, underlies these cell-cell interactions. Indeed, the capacity for the kidney to form via self-organization has now been established both via the recapitulation of expected morphogenetic interactions after complete dissociation and reassociation of cellular components during development as well as the in vitro formation of 3D kidney organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. As we understand more about how the many cell-cell interactions required for kidney formation operate, this enables the prospect of bioengineering replacement structures based on these self-organizing properties.
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48
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Tajima S, Waki M, Doi W, Hayashi K, Takenaka S, Fukaya Y, Kimura R. Acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma with a focal sarcomatoid component: Report of a case showing more pronounced polysomy of chromosomes 3 and 16 in the sarcomatoid component. Pathol Int 2014; 65:89-94. [PMID: 25424516 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Acquired cystic disease (ACD)-associated renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has recently been established. Herein we report the sixth case of ACD-associated RCC with a sarcomatoid change. The patient was a 77-year-old man who regularly underwent hemodialysis for 14 years due to chronic renal failure resulting from IgA nephropathy. On computed tomography, a large right RCC was observed with contrast enhancement in the arterial phase. A nodular protrusion into the perirenal fat was detected. Right nephrectomy was performed under laparoscopy. Surgically resected specimens revealed a tan-to-yellow tumor (95 × 75 × 55 mm) with a whitish nodule (20 × 15 × 15 mm) invading into the perirenal fat. Histopathologically, the large carcinoma component of the tumor displayed a cribriform or microcystic growth pattern with deposition of oxalate crystals. The whitish nodule corresponded to the sarcomatoid component, and the spindled and pleomorphic tumor cells showed diffuse positivity of p53 on immunohistochemistry. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed trisomy of chromosomes 3 and 16 in the carcinoma component, as was expected from the literature. In addition, increased polysomy of these chromosomes was also observed in the sarcomatoid component. This finding may be related to the development of the sarcomatoid component along with the TP53 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Tajima
- Department of Pathology, Shizuoka Saiseikai General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
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49
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Hagos Y, Wegner W, Kuehne A, Floerl S, Marada VV, Burckhardt G, Henjakovic M. HNF4α Induced Chemosensitivity to Oxaliplatin and 5-FU Mediated by OCT1 and CNT3 in Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3326-34. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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50
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Guay JA, Wojchowski DM, Fang J, Oxburgh L. Death associated protein kinase 2 is expressed in cortical interstitial cells of the mouse kidney. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:345. [PMID: 24906443 PMCID: PMC4059477 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DAPK2 is a pro-apoptotic protein kinase that associates with TGFβ receptors. The homolog DAPK1 has been shown to mediate apoptosis in kidney injury. Expression databases indicate that DAPK2 is expressed in the kidney, and in this work we investigate the localization of renal DAPK2 expression and its role in the kidney. RESULTS Immunostaining demonstrates DAPK2 expression in interstitial cells of the renal cortex including PDGFRβ-positive pericytes and the CD73-positive erythropoietin-expressing fibroblast population. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis in experimental CKD arises directly from resident interstitial cells, and we therefore evaluated the expression of DAPK2 in the expanded interstitium of mice with kidney disease induced by chronic cisplatin administration. Expanded renal interstitium in these animals was negative for DAPK2 expression, but healthy areas of the kidney in which the tubular interstitium had not expanded expressed DAPK2 at levels similar to the uninjured control. Dapk2 null mice were generated to evaluate if DAPK2 is required for formation of the kidney, or its maintenance in the adult. Kidneys of Dapk2 null mice did not show overt malformations or age-related degeneration, but did show a slight increase in the number of interstitial fibroblasts. Differences were seen between Dapk2 null mice and wild type controls in the response to tubulointerstitial fibrosis caused by chronic cisplatin administration. Although mutant and wild type mice displayed comparable levels of alpha smooth muscle actin, interstitial proliferation and SMAD2 signaling, Dapk2 null mice showed reduced interstitial collagen accumulation. CONCLUSIONS In the kidney, DAPK2 is strongly and specifically expressed in interstitial cells of the cortex, providing a useful marker for this important cell population. Dapk2 null mice are phenotypically normal under steady state conditions, but display some resistance to extracellular matrix deposition in experimental renal fibrosis indicating that DAPK2 plays a profibrotic role in kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Don M Wojchowski
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA.
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