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Sinder SB, Sharma SV, Shirvaikar IS, Pradhyumnan H, Patel SH, Cabeda Diaz I, Perez GG, Bramlett HM, Raval AP. Impact of menopause-associated frailty on traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Int 2024; 176:105741. [PMID: 38621511 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Navigating menopause involves traversing a complex terrain of hormonal changes that extend far beyond reproductive consequences. Menopausal transition is characterized by a decrease in estradiol-17β (E2), and the impact of menopause resonates not only in the reproductive system but also through the central nervous system, musculoskeletal, and gastrointestinal domains. As women undergo menopausal transition, they become more susceptible to frailty, amplifying the risk and severity of injuries, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). Menopause triggers a cascade of changes leading to a decline in muscle mass, accompanied by diminished tone and excitability, thereby restricting the availability of irisin, a crucial hormone derived from muscles. Concurrently, bone mass undergoes reduction, culminating in the onset of osteoporosis and altering the dynamics of osteocalcin, a hormone originating from bones. The diminishing levels of E2 during menopause extend their influence on the gut microbiota, resulting in a reduction in the availability of tyrosine, tryptophan, and serotonin metabolites, affecting neurotransmitter synthesis and function. Understanding the interplay between menopause, frailty, E2 decline, and the intricate metabolisms of bone, gut, and muscle is imperative when unraveling the nuances of TBI after menopause. The current review underscores the significance of accounting for menopause-associated frailty in the incidence and consequences of TBI. The review also explores potential mechanisms to enhance gut, bone, and muscle health in menopausal women, aiming to mitigate frailty and improve TBI outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie B Sinder
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sabrina V Sharma
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Isha S Shirvaikar
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hari Pradhyumnan
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shahil H Patel
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Indy Cabeda Diaz
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gina G Perez
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Helen M Bramlett
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ami P Raval
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory (CVDRL), Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
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Berggren SS, Dahlgren J, Andersson O, Bergman S, Roswall J. Reference limits for osteocalcin in infancy and early childhood: A longitudinal birth cohort study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2024; 100:399-407. [PMID: 38385947 DOI: 10.1111/cen.15036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The longitudinal variations in serum levels of the hormone osteocalcin is largely unknown during infancy and early childhood. Our aim was to establish reference limits for total serum osteocalcin during specific time points from birth until 5 years of age and present those in the context of sex, breastfeeding practices and gestational age (GA). DESIGN Blood samples from 551 Swedish children were analysed at birth, 4, 12, 36 and 60 months of age. Total serum osteocalcin was measured using the IDS-iSYS N-MID Osteocalcin assay technique. Information about the mother, birth, anthropometrics and a food diary were collected. RESULTS Sex-specific and age-specific reference limits were established for the five time points. The median osteocalcin levels over time were 40.8, 90.0, 67.8, 62.2 and 80.9 μg/L for boys and 38.1, 95.5, 78.3, 73.9 and 92.6 μg/L for girls. Lower GA was associated to higher osteocalcin at birth, and ongoing breastfeeding was associated to higher osteocalcin levels. CONCLUSION Osteocalcin followed a wavelike pattern with low levels in the umbilical cord and a postnatal peak during the first year which then declined and rose again by the age of five. Knowledge of this wavelike pattern and association to factors as sex, breastfeeding and GA may help clinicians to interpret individual osteocalcin levels and guide in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Berggren
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Health Center Hyltebruk, Hyltebruk, Halland, Sweden
| | - Jovanna Dahlgren
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Västra Götalandregion, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ola Andersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Bergman
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Primary Health Care Unit, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Spenshult Research and Development Centre, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Josefine Roswall
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Halland Hospital Halmstad, Halmstad, Sweden
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Martiniakova M, Biro R, Kovacova V, Babikova M, Zemanova N, Mondockova V, Omelka R. Current knowledge of bone-derived factor osteocalcin: its role in the management and treatment of diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, osteopetrosis and inflammatory joint diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:435-452. [PMID: 38363329 PMCID: PMC10963459 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Osteocalcin (OC) is the most abundant non-collagenous and osteoblast-secreted protein in bone. It consists of two forms such as carboxylated OC (cOC) and undercarboxylated OC (ucOC). While cOC promotes bone mineralization and increases bone strength, ucOC is regarded an endocrinologically active form that may have several functions in multiple end organs and tissues. Total OC (tOC) includes both of these forms (cOC and ucOC) and is considered a marker of bone turnover in clinical settings. Most of the data on OC is limited to preclinical studies and therefore may not accurately reflect the situation in clinical conditions. For the stated reason, the aim of this review was not only to summarize current knowledge of all forms of OC and characterize its role in diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, osteopetrosis, inflammatory joint diseases, but also to provide new interpretations of its involvement in the management and treatment of aforementioned diseases. In this context, special emphasis was placed on available clinical trials. Significantly lower levels of tOC and ucOC could be associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. On the contrary, tOC level does not seem to be a good indicator of high bone turnover status in postmenopausal osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The associations between several pharmacological drugs used to treat all disorders mentioned above and OC levels have also been provided. From this perspective, OC may serve as a medium through which certain medications can influence glucose metabolism, body weight, adiponectin secretion, and synovial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Martiniakova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Roman Biro
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Kovacova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Martina Babikova
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Nina Zemanova
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Vladimira Mondockova
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Radoslav Omelka
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia.
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Siderius M, Arends S, Kobold AM, Wagenmakers L, Koerts K, Spoorenberg A, van der Veer E. Serum levels of bone turnover markers including calculation of Z-scores: Data from a Dutch healthy reference cohort. Bone Rep 2023; 19:101724. [PMID: 38047270 PMCID: PMC10690549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bone turnover markers (BTM) are biochemical compounds reflecting different stages of bone metabolism. Their levels change with age and differ between males and females. This makes clinical interpretation and comparison more difficult. Therefore, our aim was to establish BTM reference values which can be used to calculate Z-scores for use in daily clinical practice. Methods Serum markers of collagen resorption, bone formation/regulation, collagen formation and bone mineralization (sCTX, OC, PINP and BALP, respectively) were measured in non-fasting volunteers without bone-related abnormalities. Raw data was plotted and gender-specific age cohorts were established with their respective means and standard deviations (SD). Z-scores can be calculated using these reference values to correct for the influence of age and gender on BTM. Results In total, 856 individuals were included of which 486 (57 %) were female. Individuals were aged between 7 and 70 years. Highest serum levels of BTM were found in childhood and puberty. Peak levels are higher in boys than girls and prevail at later ages. In adults, BTM levels decrease before reaching stable nadir levels. In adults, 10-year reference cohorts with means and SD were provided to calculate Z-scores. Conclusion With our data, Z-scores of sCTX, OC, PINP and BALP can be calculated using reference categories (for age and gender) of Caucasian healthy volunteers. Clinicians can use BTM Z-scores to determine whether there are changes in bone turnover physiology beyond those expected during aging. BTM Z-scores facilitate harmonization of data interpretation in daily clinical practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Siderius
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Arends
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anneke Muller Kobold
- Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lucie Wagenmakers
- Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Koerts
- Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anneke Spoorenberg
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline van der Veer
- Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
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Putra RS, Widyastiti NS, Budijitno S, Muniroh M, Novriansyah R, Alwi L, Adiputra PAT. Application of green mussel ( Perna viridis) shells hydroxyapatite on osteocalcin levels and osteoblast cells in rabbit femur bone defect. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:5464-5468. [PMID: 37915659 PMCID: PMC10617923 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine hydroxyapatite (HA) used for bone grafts is relatively expensive, necessitating the development of alternative sources. Alternative HA materials derived from green mussel shells with smaller molecular sizes are inexpensive and abundantly available throughout Indonesian waters. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of green mussel shells HA on bone healing. Methods This post-test-only experimental research used male rabbits with femoral defects divided into three groups randomly: K (no treatment), P1 (bovine HA treatment), and P2 (green mussel shell HA treatment). The osteocalcin level was assessed biochemically while osteoblast cells were histopathologically at the second, fourth, and sixth weeks. Statistic tests were used to assess differences between groups and periods with statistical significance P<0.05. Results Nine rabbits in each group showed significant differences between groups K, P1, and P2 in term osteocalcin levels at week 2 (2.60, 4.53±0.12, 4.47±0.23; P=0.046), week 4 (5.13±0.12, 8.53±0.12, 7.47±0.12; P=0.025), and week 6 (8.20, 11.93±0.23, 10.93±0.31, P=0.023), while in term osteoblast cells only at week 6 (16.33±3.46, 26.10±3.52, 30.40±3.29; P=0.006). The osteocalcin level and osteoblast increased significantly between groups K and P1/P2 from the initial trial until the last week. Osteoblast cells in the groups P1/P2 increased significantly, especially at week 6. Conclusion Green mussel shell HA has the biochemical effectiveness of osteocalcin and can increase osteoblast cells comparable to bovine HA, which can enhance bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Robin Novriansyah
- Orthopedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University
| | - Luqman Alwi
- Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Semarang, Semarang
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Awad K, Ahuja N, Yacoub AS, Brotto L, Young S, Mikos A, Aswath P, Varanasi V. Revolutionizing bone regeneration: advanced biomaterials for healing compromised bone defects. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1217054. [PMID: 37520216 PMCID: PMC10376722 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1217054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we explore the application of novel biomaterial-based therapies specifically targeted towards craniofacial bone defects. The repair and regeneration of critical sized bone defects in the craniofacial region requires the use of bioactive materials to stabilize and expedite the healing process. However, the existing clinical approaches face challenges in effectively treating complex craniofacial bone defects, including issues such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and soft tissue loss. Given that a significant portion of individuals affected by traumatic bone defects in the craniofacial area belong to the aging population, there is an urgent need for innovative biomaterials to address the declining rate of new bone formation associated with age-related changes in the skeletal system. This article emphasizes the importance of semiconductor industry-derived materials as a potential solution to combat oxidative stress and address the challenges associated with aging bone. Furthermore, we discuss various material and autologous treatment approaches, as well as in vitro and in vivo models used to investigate new therapeutic strategies in the context of craniofacial bone repair. By focusing on these aspects, we aim to shed light on the potential of advanced biomaterials to overcome the limitations of current treatments and pave the way for more effective and efficient therapeutic interventions for craniofacial bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Awad
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Neelam Ahuja
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Ahmed S. Yacoub
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Leticia Brotto
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Simon Young
- Katz Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Antonios Mikos
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Center for Excellence in Tissue Engineering, J.W. Cox Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pranesh Aswath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Venu Varanasi
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
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ELISA array-based immunoassay for multiplex detection of osteoporosis-relevant biomarkers. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:63-70. [PMID: 36919685 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to develop an ELISA array-based immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of osteoporosis-relevant biomarkers. Methods: ELISA array was constructed and its performance was evaluated using commercial antigens. The validity was further confirmed using traditional ELISA. Results: The constructed ELISA array showed good repeatability. The linear ranges and limits of detection for the four markers mentioned above were 0.01-8 ng/ml (1 pg/ml), 5.0-1000 ng/ml (1 ng/ml), 0.5-400 ng/ml (0.1 ng/ml) and 1-100 ng/ml (1 ng/ml), respectively. The measured concentrations of serum samples by ELISA array showed high correlation with those from traditional ELISA. Conclusion: ELISA array-based immunoassay provided a feasible and productive method to multiplex measure markers for osteoporosis.
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Devlin MJ, Eick GN, Snodgrass JJ. The utility of dried blood spot measurement of bone turnover markers in biological anthropology. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23816. [PMID: 36214251 PMCID: PMC9787861 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone is a dynamic organ under continual turnover influenced by life history stage, energy dynamics, diet, climate, and disease. Bone turnover data have enormous potential in biological anthropology for testing evolutionary and biocultural hypotheses, yet few studies have integrated these biomarkers. In the present article we systematically review the current availability, future viability, and applicability of measuring bone turnover markers (BTMs) in dried blood spot (DBS) samples obtained from finger prick whole blood. METHODS Our review considers clinical and public health relevance, biomarker stability in DBS, assay availability, and cost. We consider biomarkers of bone formation such as osteocalcin (bone matrix protein), PINP (N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen), and alkaline phosphatase (osteoblast enzyme), as well as biomarkers of bone resorption such as CTX (marker of collagen breakdown) and TRACP5b (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b; osteoclast enzyme). RESULTS Two BTMs have been validated for DBS: osteocalcin (formation) and TRACP5b (resorption). Prime candidates for future development are CTX and PINP, the formation and resorption markers used for clinical monitoring of response to osteoporosis treatment. CONCLUSION BTMs are a field-friendly technique for longitudinal monitoring of skeletal biology during growth, reproduction and aging, combining minimized risk to study participants with maximized ease of sample storage and transport. This combination allows new insights into the effects of energy availability, disease, and physical activity level on bone, and questions about bone gain and loss across life history and in response to environmental factors; these issues are important in human biology, paleoanthropology, bioarchaeology, and forensic anthropology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen J. Devlin
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Geeta N. Eick
- Global Health Biomarker Laboratory, Department of AnthropologyUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA
| | - J. Josh Snodgrass
- Global Health Biomarker Laboratory, Department of AnthropologyUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA,Center for Global HealthUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA,Invited Faculty, Global Station for Indigenous Studies & Cultural DiversityHokkaido UniversitySapparoHokkaidoJapan
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Ross RD, Olali AZ, Shi Q, Hoover DR, Sharma A, Weber KM, French AL, McKay H, Tien PC, Yin MT, Rubin LH. Brief Report: Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin Is Associated With Cognition in Women With and Without HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2022; 91:162-167. [PMID: 36094482 PMCID: PMC9470989 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone loss and cognitive impairment are common in women living with HIV (WLWH) and are exacerbated by menopause. Bone-derived undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOCN) and sclerostin appear to influence cognition. The current study investigated whether the circulating levels of these 2 proteins are associated with cognition in midlife WLWH and demographically similar HIV seronegative women. METHODS Plasma samples from women enrolled in a musculoskeletal substudy within the Women's Interagency HIV Study were used to measure ucOCN and sclerostin. A neuropsychological (NP) test battery assessing executive function, processing speed, attention/working memory, learning, memory, verbal fluency, and motor function was administered within 6 months of musculoskeletal enrollment and every 2 years after (1-4 follow-up visits per participant). A series of generalized estimating equations were conducted to examine the association between biomarkers and NP performance at the initial assessment and over time in the total sample and in WLWH only. Primary predictors included biomarkers, time, and biomarker by time interactions. If the interaction terms were not significant, models were re-run without interactions. RESULTS Neither biomarker predicted changes in NP performance over time in the total sample or in WLWH. ucOCN was positively associated with executive function in the total sample and in WLWH and with motor skills in WLWH. ucOCN was negatively associated with attention/working memory in the total sample. There were no significant associations between sclerostin and NP performance. CONCLUSION The current study suggests an association between bone-derived ucOCN and cognition in women with and without HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Ross
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Arnold Z. Olali
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Qiuhu Shi
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Donald R. Hoover
- Department of Statistics and Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | | | - Kathleen M. Weber
- Cook County Health/CORE Center and Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Audrey L French
- Department of Medicine, Stroger Hospital of Cook County/CORE Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Heather McKay
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Phyllis C. Tien
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco and Medical Service, Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Leah H. Rubin
- Department of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Shaikhomar OA, Abdelghnay AH, Qutob HMH. Diagnosis of Low Bone Mass Density: Serological versus Radiological Methods. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:5937-5945. [PMID: 35799999 PMCID: PMC9255419 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s357417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Bone remodeling comprises balanced coupling of bone formation and resorption, and low bone mineral density (BMD) demonstrates high rates of bone resorption. Osteoporosis is a chronic asymptomatic disease with fragile bones and impending risk of fractures mediated by minor trauma. Whereas bone mineralization and integrity are determined by calcium and vitamin D, specific serum markers such as bone specific alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) play a vital role in bone formation. Materials and Methods Serum calcium, vitamin D, ALP, and OC levels were measured in 2,145 Saudi students aged 18–22 years at Umm Al-Qura University. The BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and the findings were statistically evaluated. The following statistics were utilized in the analysis: the SPSS software was used to record, tabulate, and statistically evaluate the results. Results Low BMD cases accounted for 27.46% of all cases investigated, with considerably higher serum calcium, bone-specific ALP, and OC levels compared to control cases, but significantly lower serum vitamin D levels. In low BMD instances, there was no association between serum markers and DEXA findings. Conclusion Serum indicators by themselves may be useful for screening and predicting patients at risk of osteoporosis, as well as assessing treatment response. The combination of serum markers and DEXA measures is more effective in detecting low BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Shaikhomar
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Osama A Shaikhomar, Tel +966 555568569, Email
| | - Abdelghnay H Abdelghnay
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham M H Qutob
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Bartečků E, Hořínková J, Křenek P, Damborská A, Tomandl J, Tomandlová M, Kučera J, Fialová Kučerová J, Bienertová-Vašků J. Osteocalcin levels decrease during the treatment of an acute depressive episode. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:893012. [PMID: 35982931 PMCID: PMC9378817 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.893012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteocalcin is a protein secreted by osteoblasts with a versatile endocrine role. Several domains in which it plays a role-stress response, monoamine synthesis, and cognitive functioning-are implicated also in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder. In search of possible objective biomarkers of depression, the aim of the study was to assess the relationship between osteocalcin and depressive symptoms during the treatment of depressive episode. METHODS The study included female inpatients with at least moderate depressive episode. In these patients, depression severity was measured using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and osteocalcin levels were assessed before the stabilization of antidepressive treatment and after 6 weeks. Relationships between osteocalcin levels and symptoms were analyzed with mixed-effect and linear models, taking into account age, menopausal status, and body mass index. RESULTS In 11 out of 13 enrolled inpatients, osteocalcin levels decreased during the first 6 weeks of treatment; this decrease was significant according to the mixed-effects model (t = -2.345, p = 0.019). According to the linear model, this decrease was significantly associated with reduction in depressive symptom severity (t = 2.673, p = 0.028). Osteocalcin was not associated with initial depressive symptom severity, and initial osteocalcin levels did not predict response to treatment. Limitations of the study include low sample size and inclusion of both pre- and postmenopausal women of various ages. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study suggests that osteocalcin may be a candidate biomarker of antidepressive treatment response and that this topic warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elis Bartečků
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jana Hořínková
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavel Křenek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Alena Damborská
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Josef Tomandl
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marie Tomandlová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Kučera
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jana Fialová Kučerová
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Julie Bienertová-Vašků
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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12
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Fu M, Guo J, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Hou Z. Characteristics of Fall-Related Fractures in Older Adults with Cerebrovascular Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:1337-1346. [PMID: 34285478 PMCID: PMC8286076 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s316739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited information exists on fall-related fractures in older adults with cerebrovascular disease. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of older adults with cerebrovascular disease who sustained fall-related fractures and identify the associated risk factors for perioperative complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study, which included patients with cerebrovascular disease who sustained fractures between Jan. 2017 and Dec. 2019. The collected data included demographics (age and gender), time and place of fracture occurrence, mechanism of injury, fracture location, type of cerebrovascular disease, complications, and comorbidities. RESULTS A total of 768 patients with 815 fractures were included; there were 253 males and 515 females, with an average age of 78.3 years. For either males or females, 80-84 years was the most commonly involved age group. Most (61.0%) patients had their fractures occurring at home and most fractures (70.7%) occurred during the daytime. Most were hip fractures and limb weakness; instability-related falls were the most common cause of fracture, making a proportion of 34.5%. Patients who suffered falls were mainly combining ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Most (85.9%) patients presented with at least one comorbid disease and the perioperative complication rate was 76.9% in total cases. Age≥80 (OR: 1.772, 95% CI: 1.236-2.540) and the number of comorbidities≥3 (OR: 1.606, 95% CI: 1.035-2.494) were found independently associated with complications, while the type of cerebrovascular disease, fracture location, and comorbidities of prior fragility fracture and respiratory disease were not significantly correlated with complications. CONCLUSION Our findings highlighted that more focus on improved physical function explored in intervention setting and the importance of primary home prevention measures seems justified in China and maybe other countries as well. It is the first study that presented the epidemiological characteristics of older adults with cerebrovascular disease who later experienced a fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Fu
- Department of Geriatric Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junfei Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopeadic Equipment (The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
- Chinese Academy of Engineering, Beijing, 100088, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqian Wang
- Department of Geriatric Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Hou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopeadic Equipment (The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
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13
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Hiam D, Landen S, Jacques M, Voisin S, Alvarez-Romero J, Byrnes E, Chubb P, Levinger I, Eynon N. Osteocalcin and its forms respond similarly to exercise in males and females. Bone 2021; 144:115818. [PMID: 33338665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute exercise increases osteocalcin (OC), a marker of bone turnover, and in particular the undercarboxylated form (ucOC). Males and females differ in baseline levels of total OC and it is thought the hormonal milieu may be driving these differences. Males and females adapt differently to the same exercise intervention, however it is unclear whether the exercise effects on OC are also sex-specific. We tested whether the responses of OC and its forms to acute High Intensity Interval Exercise (HIIE) and High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) differed between males and females. Secondly, we examined whether sex hormones vary with OC forms within sexes to understand if these are driving factor in any potential sex differences. METHODS Total OC (tOC), undercarboxylated OC (ucOC), and carboxylated OC (cOC) were measured in serum of 96 healthy participants from the Gene SMART cohort (74 males and 22 females) at rest, immediately after, and 3 h after a single bout of HIIE, and at rest, 48 h after completing a four week HIIT intervention. Baseline testosterone and estradiol were also measured for a subset of the cohort (Males = 38, Females = 20). Linear mixed models were used to a) uncover the sex-specific effects of acute exercise and short-term training on OC forms and b) to examine whether the sex hormones were associated with OC levels. RESULTS At baseline, males had higher levels of tOC, cOC, and ucOC than females (q < 0.01). In both sexes tOC, and ucOC increased to the same extent after acute HIIE. At baseline, in males only, higher testosterone was associated with higher ucOC (β = 3.37; q < 0.046). Finally, tOC and ucOC did not change following 4 weeks of HIIT. CONCLUSION/DISCUSSION While there were no long-term changes in OC and its forms. tOC and ucOC were transiently enhanced after a bout of HIIE similarly in both sexes. This may be important in metabolic signalling in skeletal muscle and bone suggesting that regular exercise is needed to maintain these benefits. Overall, these data suggest that the sex differences in exercise adaptations do not extend to the bone turnover marker, OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hiam
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Landen
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Jacques
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Alvarez-Romero
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E Byrnes
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, Australia
| | - P Chubb
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - I Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - N Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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14
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Al Rifai O, Julien C, Lacombe J, Faubert D, Lira-Navarrete E, Narimatsu Y, Clausen H, Ferron M. The half-life of the bone-derived hormone osteocalcin is regulated through O-glycosylation in mice, but not in humans. eLife 2020; 9:61174. [PMID: 33284103 PMCID: PMC7822592 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocalcin (OCN) is an osteoblast-derived hormone with pleiotropic physiological functions. Like many peptide hormones, OCN is subjected to post-translational modifications (PTMs) which control its activity. Here, we uncover O-glycosylation as a novel PTM present on mouse OCN and occurring on a single serine (S8) independently of its carboxylation and endoproteolysis, two other PTMs regulating this hormone. We also show that O-glycosylation increases OCN half-life in plasma ex vivo and in the circulation in vivo. Remarkably, in human OCN (hOCN), the residue corresponding to S8 is a tyrosine (Y12), which is not O-glycosylated. Yet, the Y12S mutation is sufficient to O-glycosylate hOCN and to increase its half-life in plasma compared to wildtype hOCN. These findings reveal an important species difference in OCN regulation, which may explain why serum concentrations of OCN are higher in mouse than in human. Bones provide support and protection for organs in the body. However, over the last 15 years researchers have discovered that bones also release chemicals known as hormones, which can travel to other parts of the body and cause an effect. The cells responsible for making bone, known as osteoblasts, produce a hormone called osteocalcin which communicates with a number of different organs, including the pancreas and brain. When osteocalcin reaches the pancreas, it promotes the release of another hormone called insulin which helps regulate the levels of sugar in the blood. Osteocalcin also travels to other organs such as muscle, where it helps to degrade fats and sugars that can be converted into energy. It also has beneficial effects on the brain, and has been shown to aid memory and reduce depression. Osteocalcin has largely been studied in mice where levels are five to ten times higher than in humans. But it is unclear why this difference exists or how it alters the role of osteocalcin in humans. To answer this question, Al Rifai et al. used a range of experimental techniques to compare the structure and activity of osteocalcin in mice and humans. The experiments showed that mouse osteocalcin has a group of sugars attached to its protein structure, which prevent the hormone from being degraded by an enzyme in the blood. Human osteocalcin has a slightly different protein sequence and is therefore unable to bind to this sugar group. As a result, the osteocalcin molecules in humans are less stable and cannot last as long in the blood. Al Rifai et al. showed that when human osteocalcin was modified so the sugar group could attach, the hormone was able to stick around for much longer and reach higher levels when added to blood in the laboratory. These findings show how osteocalcin differs between human and mice. Understanding this difference is important as the effects of osteocalcin mean this hormone can be used to treat diabetes and brain disorders. Furthermore, the results reveal how the stability of osteocalcin could be improved in humans, which could potentially enhance its therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al Rifai
- Molecular Physiology Research unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Programme de biologie moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Catherine Julien
- Molecular Physiology Research unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Julie Lacombe
- Molecular Physiology Research unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Denis Faubert
- Proteomics Discovery Platform, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Erandi Lira-Navarrete
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathieu Ferron
- Molecular Physiology Research unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Programme de biologie moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
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15
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Chen CJ, Anderson ST, Steiger N, McKinnon A, Henning J, Allavena R. Bone biomarkers in koalas: validation of assays and preliminary analyses. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:856-863. [PMID: 32917121 PMCID: PMC7649558 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720957031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury, including bone fracture, is, to date, one of the leading causes of koala mortality in the South East Queensland region of Australia. Further, the specialist diet of koalas, which is restricted to certain Eucalyptus spp., may impact their normal bone physiology. Considering the dramatic koala population decline and high incidence of trauma, a greater understanding of koala bone physiology may support conservation. We retrieved from GenBank the protein sequences of parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin (OCN), and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP) in human, dog, cattle, horse, koala, and gray short-tailed opossum. After homology was determined, plasma samples from 13 koalas were analyzed with human PTH, OCN, and bone-specific ALP (BALP) assay kits. Although koala PTH exhibited relatively low sequence homology with placental mammals, high sequence homology between humans and koalas was observed for both OCN and TNALP, and successful cross-reactivity was achieved using human enzyme immunoassay kits for detection of OCN and BALP biomarkers in koala plasma. However, we identified no correlation between OCN and BALP concentrations of healthy and trauma-affected koalas (p = 0.66 and p = 0.79, respectively). Further analysis of OCN and BALP in healthy and diseased koalas will allow a better understanding of bone physiology in this unique marsupial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Jung Chen
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen T. Anderson
- School of Biomedical Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natasha Steiger
- School of Biomedical Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Allan McKinnon
- Moggill Koala Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Moggill, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joerg Henning
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rachel Allavena
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia (Chen, Henning, Allavena)
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16
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Schatz M, Saravanan S, d'Adesky ND, Bramlett H, Perez-Pinzon MA, Raval AP. Osteocalcin, ovarian senescence, and brain health. Front Neuroendocrinol 2020; 59:100861. [PMID: 32781196 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Menopause, an inevitable event in a woman's life, significantly increases risk of bone resorption and diseases such as Alzheimer's, vascular dementia, cardiac arrest, and stroke. The sole role of bones, as traditionally regarded, is to provide structural support for skeletal muscles and allow for ambulation, however this concept is becoming quickly outdated. New literature has emerged that suggests the bone cell-derived hormone osteocalcin (OCN) plays a pivotal role in cognition. OCN levels are correlated with bone mass density and bone turnover, and thus are strongly influenced by the changes associated with menopause. The goal of the current review is to discuss potential gaps in our knowledge of OCN and cognition, discrepancies in methods of OCN quantification, and therapies to enhance circulating OCN. A discussion on implementing exercise or low frequency vibration interventions at the menopausal transition to reduce risk and severity of neurological diseases and associated cognitive decline is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Schatz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Sharnikha Saravanan
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Nathan D d'Adesky
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Helen Bramlett
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Miguel A Perez-Pinzon
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ami P Raval
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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17
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Adolf C, Braun LT, Fuss CT, Hahner S, Künzel H, Handgriff L, Sturm L, Heinrich DA, Schneider H, Bidlingmaier M, Reincke M. Spironolactone reduces biochemical markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women with primary aldosteronism. Endocrine 2020; 69:625-633. [PMID: 32594379 PMCID: PMC8514385 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most frequent form of endocrine hypertension. Besides its deleterious impact on cardiovascular target organ damage, PA is considered to cause osteoporosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS We assessed bone turnover in a subset of 36 postmenopausal women with PA. 18 patients had unilateral PA and were treated by adrenalectomy, whereas 18 patients had bilateral PA and received mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) therapy respectively. 18 age- and BMI-matched females served as controls. To estimate bone remodeling, we measured the bone turnover markers intact procollagen 1 N-terminal propeptide, bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b in plasma by chemiluminescent immunoassays at time of diagnosis and one year after initiation of treatment. STUDY DESIGN Observational longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Tertiary care hospital. RESULTS Compared with controls, patients with PA had mildly elevated osteocalcin at baseline (p = 0.013), while the other bone markers were comparable between both groups. There were no differences between the unilateral and the bilateral PA subgroup. One year after initiation of MRA treatment with spironolactone bone resorption and bone formation markers had significantly decreased in patients with bilateral PA. In contrast, patients adrenalectomized because of unilateral PA showed no significant change of bone turnover markers. CONCLUSION This study shows that aldosterone excess in postmenopausal women with PA is not associated with a relevant increase of bone turnover markers at baseline. However, we observed a significant decrease of bone markers in patients treated with spironolactone, but not in patients treated by adrenalectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Adolf
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, LMU München, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Leah T Braun
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, LMU München, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Carmina T Fuss
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Schwerpunkt Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hahner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Schwerpunkt Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Künzel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, LMU München, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Handgriff
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, LMU München, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Sturm
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, LMU München, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel A Heinrich
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, LMU München, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Schneider
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, LMU München, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, LMU München, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, LMU München, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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18
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Braun LT, Fazel J, Zopp S, Benedix S, Osswald-Kopp A, Riester A, Rubinstein G, Seidensticker M, Beuschlein F, Drey M, Bidlingmaier M, Schmidmaier R, Reincke M. The Effect of Biochemical Remission on Bone Metabolism in Cushing's Syndrome: A 2-Year Follow-Up Study. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1711-1717. [PMID: 32315096 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a rare cause of secondary osteoporosis. The long-term consequences for bone metabolism after successful surgical treatment remain largely unknown. We assessed bone mineral density and fracture rates in 89 patients with confirmed Cushing's syndrome at the time of diagnosis and 2 years after successful tumor resection. We determined five bone turnover markers at the time of diagnosis, 1 and 2 years postoperatively. The bone turnover markers osteocalcin, intact procollagen-IN-propeptide (PINP), alkaline bone phosphatase, CTX-I, and TrAcP 5b were measured in plasma or serum by chemiluminescent immunoassays. For comparison, 71 sex-, age-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched patients in whom Cushing's syndrome had been excluded were studied. None of the patients received specific osteoanabolic treatment. At time of diagnosis, 69% of the patients had low bone mass (mean T-score = -1.4 ± 1.1). Two years after successful surgery, the T-score had improved in 78% of patients (mean T-score 2 years postoperatively -1.0 ± 0.9). The bone formation markers osteocalcin and intact PINP were significantly decreased at time of diagnosis (p ≤ 0.001 and p = 0.03, respectively), and the bone resorption marker CTX-I and TrAcP 5b increased. Postoperatively, the bone formation markers showed a three- to fourfold increase 1 year postoperatively, with a moderate decline thereafter. The bone resorption markers showed a similar but less pronounced course. This study shows that the phase immediately after surgical remission from endogenous CS is characterized by a high rate of bone turnover resulting in a striking net increase in bone mineral density in the majority of patients. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah T Braun
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Fazel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Zopp
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarina Benedix
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Osswald-Kopp
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Riester
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - German Rubinstein
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Max Seidensticker
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische Ernährung, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Drey
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Schmidmaier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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19
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Weidner H, Baschant U, Lademann F, Ledesma Colunga MG, Balaian E, Hofbauer C, Misof BM, Roschger P, Blouin S, Richards WG, Platzbecker U, Hofbauer LC, Rauner M. Increased FGF-23 levels are linked to ineffective erythropoiesis and impaired bone mineralization in myelodysplastic syndromes. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137062. [PMID: 32759495 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal malignant hematopoietic disorders in the elderly characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis. This is accompanied by an altered bone microenvironment, which contributes to MDS progression and higher bone fragility. The underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that myelodysplastic NUP98‑HOXD13 (NHD13) transgenic mice display an abnormally high number of osteoblasts, yet a higher fraction of nonmineralized bone, indicating delayed bone mineralization. This was accompanied by high fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) serum levels, a phosphaturic hormone that inhibits bone mineralization and erythropoiesis. While Fgf23 mRNA expression was low in bone, brain, and kidney of NHD13 mice, its expression was increased in erythroid precursors. Coculturing these precursors with WT osteoblasts induced osteoblast marker gene expression, which was inhibited by blocking FGF-23. Finally, antibody-based neutralization of FGF-23 in myelodysplastic NHD13 mice improved bone mineralization and bone microarchitecture, and it ameliorated anemia. Importantly, higher serum levels of FGF‑23 and an elevated amount of nonmineralized bone in patients with MDS validated the findings. C‑terminal FGF‑23 correlated negatively with hemoglobin levels and positively with the amount of nonmineralized bone. Thus, our study identifies FGF-23 as a link between altered bone structure and ineffective erythropoiesis in MDS with the prospects of a targeted therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Weidner
- Bone Lab Dresden, Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, and
| | - Ulrike Baschant
- Bone Lab Dresden, Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, and
| | - Franziska Lademann
- Bone Lab Dresden, Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, and
| | | | - Ekaterina Balaian
- Department of Medicine I, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Hofbauer
- Bone Lab Dresden, Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, and.,Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara M Misof
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEKG and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEKG and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stéphane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEKG and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Department of Medicine I, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Bone Lab Dresden, Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, and.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Bone Lab Dresden, Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, and
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20
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Piovezan JM, Premaor MO, Comim FV. Negative impact of polycystic ovary syndrome on bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 25:633-645. [PMID: 31374576 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has reproductive and metabolic aspects that may affect bone health. Controversial results from different studies regarding the risk of fractures, bone mineral density (BMD) or bone markers led to uncertainty whether PCOS might improve or deteriorate bone health. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This study aimed to investigate the impact of PCOS on bone markers, BMD and fracture risk. SEARCH METHODS A systematic review and a meta-analysis were carried out. PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched for eligible studies from 1st of January of 1990 to 9th of October of 2018. Eligible studies enrolled women older than 18 years with PCOS, which should be diagnosed according to the Rotterdam Consensus, the Androgen Excess Society, the National Institutes of Health Consensus or the International Classification of Diseases. The studies were grouped according to patient mean BMI: <27 kg/m2 or ≥27 kg/m2. The results were polled as mean difference (MD), standardized MD (SMD) and hazard ratio (HR). OUTCOMES Overall, 921 studies were retrieved, and 31 duplicated studies were removed. After screening the titles and abstracts, 80 studies were eligible for full text reading. Of those, 23 studies remained for qualitative synthesis. With the exception of one study, all studies were considered high quality based on the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS; score ≥6). Meta-analysis was performed in 21 studies, with a total of 31 383 women with PCOS and 102 797 controls. Women with PCOS with BMI <27 kg/m2 had lower BMD of the total femur (MD, -0.04; 95% CI, -0.07 to 0.00; I2 = 31%; P = 0.22) and spine (MD, -0.07; 95% CI, -0.13 to -0.01; I2 = 70%; P < 0.01) when compared with the control group, whereas for women with BMI ≥27 kg/m2 no difference was observed (femur: MD, 0.02; 95% CI, -0.02 to 0.05; I2 = 20%, P = 0.29; spine: MD, 0.02; 95% CI, -0.06 to 0.05; I2 = 0%; P = 0.84). Osteocalcin was remarkably reduced in women with PCOS with BMI <27 kg/m2 (SMD, -2.68; 95% CI, -4.70 to -0.67; I2 = 98%; P < 0.01), but in women with BMI ≥27 kg/m2, there were no differences between PCOS and controls. Few studies (n = 3) addressed the incidence of bone fractures in women with PCOS. The HR for total bone fractures did not identify differences between women with PCOS and controls. WIDER IMPLICATIONS On the basis of the available evidence, it is possible to assume that PCOS in women with BMI <27 kg/m2 is associated with reduced BMD in the spine and femur, and decreased bone formation, as manifested by lower levels of circulating osteocalcin. These findings suggest that bone parameters in PCOS may be linked, to some extent, to adiposity. These studies included premenopausal women, who have already achieved peak bone mass. Hence, further prospective studies are necessary to clarify the existence of increased risk of fractures in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Mottecy Piovezan
- Post Graduation Program, Health Sciences Professional Master, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Melissa Orlandin Premaor
- Post Graduation Program, Health Sciences Professional Master, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fábio Vasconcellos Comim
- Post Graduation Program, Health Sciences Professional Master, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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21
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Eick GN, Madimenos FC, Cepon‐Robins TJ, Devlin MJ, Kowal P, Sugiyama LS, Snodgrass JJ. Validation of an enzyme‐linked immunoassay assay for osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, in dried blood spots. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 32:e23394. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Geeta N. Eick
- Department of Anthropology University of Oregon Eugene Oregon
| | | | - Tara J. Cepon‐Robins
- Department of Anthropology University of Colorado Springs Colorado Springs Colorado
| | - Maureen J. Devlin
- Department of Anthropology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Paul Kowal
- Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing University of Newcastle Newcastle New South Wales Australia
- Research Institute for Health Sciences Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
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22
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van der Spoel E, van Vliet NA, van Heemst D. Viewpoint on the role of tissue maintenance in ageing: focus on biomarkers of bone, cartilage, muscle, and brain tissue maintenance. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 56:100964. [PMID: 31561015 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Specific hallmarks are thought to underlie the ageing process and age-related functional decline. In this viewpoint, we put forward the hypothesis that disturbances in the process of tissue maintenance are an important common denominator that may lie in between specific hallmarks of ageing (i.e. damage and responses to damage) and their ultimate (patho)physiological consequences (i.e. functional decline and age-related disease). As a first step towards verifying or falsifying this hypothesis, it will be important to measure biomarkers of tissue maintenance in future studies in different study populations. The main aim of the current paper is to discuss potential biomarkers of tissue maintenance that could be used in such future studies. Among the many tissues that could have been chosen to explore our hypothesis, to keep the paper manageable, we chose to focus on a selected number of tissues, namely bone, cartilage, muscle, and the brain, which are important for mobility and cognition and affected in several common age-related diseases, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, sarcopenia, and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages and limitations of potential biomarkers for use in (pre)clinical studies. The proposed biomarkers should be validated in future research, for example by measuring these in humans with different rates of ageing.
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23
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Park D, Gu H, Baek JH, Baek K. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin downregulates pancreatic lipase expression in an ATF4-dependent manner in pancreatic acinar cells. Bone 2019; 127:220-227. [PMID: 31216497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteocalcin is an osteoblast-specific secreted protein that has been associated with endocrine roles in multiple aspects of energy metabolism. We examined whether undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) downregulates pancreatic lipase (PNLIP) expression in pancreatic acinar cells and then identified the downstream signaling pathway involved. We previously demonstrated that β adrenergic blockade attenuates body weight/fat mass gain in high-fat diet-fed mice and that this effect is associated with decreased PNLIP expression in pancreatic acinar cells. In the present study, we first confirmed that the serum ucOC level is inversely correlated with PNLIP expression, i.e., mice exhibiting high serum levels of ucOC showed low PNLIP levels in the pancreas. In in vitro experiments using primary pancreatic acinar and 266-6 cells, ucOC downregulated PNLIP expression. cAMP/PKA signaling inhibitors significantly reversed ucOC-induced downregulation of PNLIP expression. ucOC promoted the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein 2 (ATF4). Overexpression of ATF4 significantly suppressed PNLIP expression. Knockdown of ATF4 by siRNA reversed the ucOC-induced downregulation of PNLIP expression. A luciferase reporter assay showed that ucOC suppressed PNLIP promoter transactivation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and a luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that ATF4 directly bound to the CRE on the mouse PNLIP promoter and suppressed PNLIP transactivation. Knockdown of G-protein coupled receptor 6A (Gprc6a), a candidate receptor for mediating the response to ucOC in the bone-pancreas endocrine loop, by siRNA reversed the downregulating effect of ucOC on PNLIP expression. Taken together, ucOC downregulates pancreatic lipase expression in a cAMP/protein kinase A/ATF4-dependent manner. Gprc6a is a potential osteocalcin-sensing receptor that regulates PNLIP expression in pancreatic acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwondo 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Gu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Baek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyunghwa Baek
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwondo 25457, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Millar SA, Zala I, Anderson SI, O'Sullivan SE. Osteocalcin does not influence acute or chronic inflammation in human vascular cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3414-3424. [PMID: 31549398 PMCID: PMC6972510 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Some human observational studies have suggested an anti‐inflammatory role of osteocalcin (OCN). An inflammatory protocol using interferon‐γ and tumor necrosis factor‐α (10 ng/ml) was employed to examine the acute (24 hr) and chronic (144 hr) effects of uncarboxylated OCN (ucOCN) in commercial, primary, subcultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC), and human smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). The inflammatory protocol increased phosphorylation of intracellular signaling proteins (CREB, JNK, p38, ERK, AKT, STAT3, STAT5) and increased secretion of adhesion markers (vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, intracellular adhesion molecule‐1, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1) and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin‐6 [IL‐6], IL‐8). After acute inflammation, there were no additive or reductive effects of ucOCN in either cell type. Following chronic inflammation, ucOCN did not affect cell responses, nor did it appear to have any pro‐ or anti‐inflammatory effects when administered acutely or chronically on its own in either cell type. Additionally, ucOCN did not affect lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced acute inflammation in HAECs or HASMCs. The findings of this study do not support a causal role for OCN within the models of vascular inflammation chosen. Further confirmatory studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Millar
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Ieva Zala
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Susan I Anderson
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Saoirse E O'Sullivan
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
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25
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Millar SA, Anderson SI, O'Sullivan SE. Osteokines and the vasculature: a review of the in vitro effects of osteocalcin, fibroblast growth factor-23 and lipocalin-2. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7139. [PMID: 31372314 PMCID: PMC6660824 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone-derived factors that demonstrate extra-skeletal functions, also termed osteokines, are fast becoming a highly interesting and focused area of cross-disciplinary endocrine research. Osteocalcin (OCN), fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) and lipocalin-2 (LCN-2), produced in bone, comprise an important endocrine system that is finely tuned with other organs to ensure homeostatic balance and health. This review aims to evaluate in vitro evidence of the direct involvement of these proteins in vascular cells and whether any causal roles in cardiovascular disease or inflammation can be supported. PubMed, Medline, Embase and Google Scholar were searched for relevant research articles investigating the exogenous addition of OCN, FGF23 or LCN-2 to vascular smooth muscle or endothelial cells. Overall, these osteokines are directly vasoactive across a range of human and animal vascular cells. Both OCN and FGF23 have anti-apoptotic properties and increase eNOS phosphorylation and nitric oxide production through Akt signalling in human endothelial cells. OCN improves intracellular insulin signalling and demonstrates protective effects against endoplasmic reticulum stress in murine and human endothelial cells. OCN may be involved in calcification but further research is warranted, while there is no evidence for a pro-calcific effect of FGF23 in vitro. FGF23 and LCN-2 increase proliferation in some cell types and increase and decrease reactive oxygen species generation, respectively. LCN-2 also has anti-apoptotic effects but may increase endoplasmic reticulum stress as well as have pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic properties in human vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. There is no strong evidence to support a pathological role of OCN or FGF23 in the vasculature based on these findings. In contrast, they may in fact support normal endothelial functioning, vascular homeostasis and vasodilation. No studies examined whether OCN or FGF23 may have a role in vascular inflammation. Limited studies with LCN-2 indicate a pro-inflammatory and possible pathological role in the vasculature but further mechanistic data is required. Overall, these osteokines pose intriguing functions which should be investigated comprehensively to assess their relevance to cardiovascular disease and health in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Millar
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Susan I Anderson
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Saoirse E O'Sullivan
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
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26
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Millar SA, Anderson SI, O'sullivan SE. Human vascular cell responses to the circulating bone hormone osteocalcin. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21039-21048. [PMID: 31026070 PMCID: PMC6767466 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the direct effects of uncarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOCN) on vascular cell biology in vitro, to assess its potential function in pathophysiological conditions such as atherosclerosis. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were treated with ucOCN (0.1-50 ng/ml) and changes in phosphorylation of intracellular signaling proteins, angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, monolayer permeability, and protein secretion were measured. In HAECs, phosphorylated JNK and CREB were decreased with ucOCN (p < 0.05). In HASMCs, phosphorylated p70S6K and NF-ΚB were increased by ucOCN (p < 0.05). Cell proliferation increased in both cell types dose dependently which was blocked by AKT and ERK pathway inhibitors. ucOCN did not affect cell permeability, angiogenesis, or migration. The direct activity of ucOCN on vascular cells is recognized, particularly its proliferative effects. However, at least in physiological settings, it does not appear that osteocalcin may directly promote atherogenesis based on the outcomes measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Millar
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Susan I Anderson
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Saoirse E O'sullivan
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
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27
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van der Spoel E, Oei N, Cachucho R, Roelfsema F, Berbée JFP, Blauw GJ, Pijl H, Appelman-Dijkstra NM, van Heemst D. The 24-hour serum profiles of bone markers in healthy older men and women. Bone 2019; 120:61-69. [PMID: 30291970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The process of bone turnover displays variations over 24 h, with C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) and osteocalcin exhibiting a nadir in the afternoon and a peak in the night. In contrast, N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP) did not display an apparent 24-hour rhythm. Other emerging novel biomarkers of bone, sclerostin and Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), are markers of osteocyte activity with limited data available regarding their 24-hour profiles. In this study, we aimed to extend available data on 24-hour profiles of CTX, osteocalcin, and P1NP and to assess the 24-hour profiles of sclerostin and DKK1 in healthy older men and women and to compare these between men and women. We measured these five bone markers in EDTA plasma collected every 4 h during 24 h in 37 healthy older men and women (range 52-76 years). Differences between time points were determined using repeated measures ANOVA and cosinor analyses were performed to determine circadian rhythmicity. The circadian rhythm of CTX was confirmed by the cosinor model, with women showing larger amplitude compared to men. Osteocalcin showed higher levels during nighttime compared to daytime in both men and women. For P1NP levels we observed a small but significant increase in the night in men. Sclerostin and DKK1 did not show a circadian rhythm, but sclerostin levels differed between time points. Because of the large intraindividual variation, DKK1 as measured in this study cannot be considered a reliable marker for diagnostic or research purposes. In conclusion, when measuring CTX, osteocalcin, P1NP, or sclerostin either in clinical practice or in a research setting, one should consider the 24-hour profiles of these bone markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evie van der Spoel
- Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Nicole Oei
- Department of Developmental Psychology (ADAPT-lab), Institute of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Cachucho
- Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Section Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand Roelfsema
- Section Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jimmy F P Berbée
- Section Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard J Blauw
- Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hanno Pijl
- Section Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Natasha M Appelman-Dijkstra
- Section Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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28
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Sharif S, Bots ML, Schalkwijk C, Stehouwer CDA, Visseren FLJ, Westerink J. Association between bone metabolism regulators and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes patients. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:1245-1252. [PMID: 30017437 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Osteopontin (OPN), osteonectin (ON) and osteocalcin (OC) play an important role in the development of vascular calcifications, but it is unclear whether these bone metabolism regulators contribute to the development of arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes patients. We therefore aim to determine the relationship between plasma concentrations of OPN, ON, OC and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 1003 type 2 diabetes patients included in the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART)-cohort. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the relation between plasma levels of OPN, ON and OC and arterial stiffness as measured by pulse pressure (PP), ankle-brachial index (ABI) (≥0.9), carotid artery distension and an arterial stiffness summary score. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, kidney function, diabetes duration and diastolic blood pressure. Higher OPN plasma levels were significantly related to a lower ABI (β-0.013; 95%CI -0.024 to -0.002) and a higher arterial stiffness summary score (OR1.24; 95%CI 1.03-1.49). OPN levels were not related to PP (β 0.59; 95%CI -0.63-1.81) or absolute carotid artery distention (β -7.03; 95%CI -20.00-5.93). ON and OC plasma levels were not related to any of the arterial stiffness measures. CONCLUSION Only elevated plasma levels of OPN are associated with increased arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes as measured by the ankle-brachial index and arterial stiffness summary score. These findings indicate that OPN may be involved in the pathophysiology of arterial stiffness and call for further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sharif
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M L Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F L J Visseren
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Westerink
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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29
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Kim HY, Sato S, Takenaka S, Lee MH. Membrane-Based Microwave-Mediated Electrochemical Immunoassay for the In Vitro, Highly Sensitive Detection of Osteoporosis-Related Biomarkers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E2933. [PMID: 30181433 PMCID: PMC6163632 DOI: 10.3390/s18092933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Highly sensitive and multiplexed in vitro detection of osteoporosis-related biochemical markers were carried out based on the membrane-based microwave-mediated electrochemical immunoassay (MMeEIA), where we can dramatically reduce the sample preparation time by shortening the incubation time of conjugation to obtain sensitive detection based on three dimensional conjugation of antibodies with target antigens in nylon membrane disk. C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx), Osteocalcin (OC), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP), which can be utilized to monitor the progress of osteoporosis, were quantified using their corresponding antibody immobilized in membranes. Coefficient of variations in this intra- and inter-assays were within 8.0% for all markers. When compared with data obtained from clinically used standard equipment (Roche modular E170), their coefficients of determination, R² values, are mostly more than 0.9. They show that the results obtained from MMeEIA are in good agreement with that from the conventional clinical instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Youn Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Shinobu Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Research Center for Biomicrosensing Technology, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan.
| | - Shigeori Takenaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Research Center for Biomicrosensing Technology, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan.
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
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Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin: Experimental and Human Evidence for a Role in Glucose Homeostasis and Muscle Regulation of Insulin Sensitivity. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070847. [PMID: 29966260 PMCID: PMC6073619 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have indicated that osteocalcin, and in particular its undercarboxylated form (ucOC), is not only a nutritional biomarker reflective of vitamin K status and an indicator of bone health but also an active hormone that mediates glucose metabolism in experimental studies. This work has been supported by the putative identification of G protein-coupled receptor, class C, group 6, member A (GPRC6A) as a cell surface receptor for ucOC. Of note, ucOC has been associated with diabetes and with cardiovascular risk in epidemiological studies, consistent with a pathophysiological role for ucOC in vivo. Limitations of existing knowledge include uncertainty regarding the underlying mechanisms by which ucOC interacts with GPRC6A to modulate metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes, technical issues with commonly used assays for ucOC in serum, and a paucity of clinical trials to prove causation and illuminate the scope for novel health interventions. A key emerging area of research is the role of ucOC in relation to expression of GPRC6A in muscle, and whether exercise interventions may modulate metabolic outcomes favorably in part via ucOC. Further research is warranted to clarify potential direct and indirect roles for ucOC in human health and cardiometabolic diseases.
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Lombardi G, Barbaro M, Locatelli M, Banfi G. Novel bone metabolism-associated hormones: the importance of the pre-analytical phase for understanding their physiological roles. Endocrine 2017; 56:460-484. [PMID: 28181144 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The endocrine function of bone is now a recognized feature of this tissue. Bone-derived hormones that modulate whole-body homeostasis, are being discovered as for the effects on bone of novel and classic hormones produced by other tissues become known. Often, however, the data regarding these last generation bone-derived or bone-targeting hormones do not give about a clear picture of their physiological roles or concentration ranges. A certain degree of uncertainty could stem from differences in the pre-analytical management of biological samples. The pre-analytical phase comprises a series of decisions and actions (i.e., choice of sample matrix, methods of collection, transportation, treatment and storage) preceding analysis. Errors arising in this phase will inevitably be carried over to the analytical phase where they can reduce the measurement accuracy, ultimately, leading discrepant results. While the pre-analytical phase is all important, in routine laboratory medicine, it is often not given due consideration in research and clinical trials. This is particularly true for novel molecules, such as the hormones regulating the endocrine function of bone. In this review we discuss the importance of the pre-analytical variables affecting the measurement of last generation bone-associated hormones and describe their, often debated and rarely clear physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mosè Barbaro
- Laboratory Medicine Service, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
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Kaflak A, Chmielewski D, Kolodziejski W. Solid-state NMR study of discrete environments of bone mineral nanoparticles using phosphorus-31 relaxation. J Appl Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Ilyas A, Odatsu T, Shah A, Monte F, Kim HKW, Kramer P, Aswath PB, Varanasi VG. Amorphous Silica: A New Antioxidant Role for Rapid Critical-Sized Bone Defect Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2199-213. [PMID: 27385056 PMCID: PMC6635139 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic fractures cause structurally unstable sites due to severe bone loss. Such fractures generate a high yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can lead to oxidative stress. Excessive and prolonged ROS activity impedes osteoblast differentiation and instigates long healing times. Stimulation of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD1), are crucial to reduce ROS, stimulate osteogenesis, and strengthen collagen and mineral formation. Yet, no current fixative devices have shown an ability to enhance collagen matrix formation through antioxidant expression. This study reports plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition based amorphous silicon oxynitride (Si(ON)x) as a potential new fracture healing biomaterial that adheres well to the implant surface, releases Si(+4) to enhance osteogenesis, and forms a surface hydroxyapatite for collagen mineral attachment. These materials provide a sustained release of Si(+4) in physiological environment for extended times. The dissolution rate partially depends on the film chemistry and can be controlled by varying O/N ratio. The presence of Si(+4) enhances SOD1, which stimulates other osteogenic markers downstream and leads to rapid mineral formation. In vivo testing using a rat critical-sized calvarial defect model shows a more rapid bone-regeneration for these biomaterials as compared to control groups, that implies the clinical significance of the presented biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Ilyas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Tetsuro Odatsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Ami Shah
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Felipe Monte
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
- Center for Excellence in Hip Disorders, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital, Dallas, TX, 75219, USA
| | - Harry K W Kim
- Center for Excellence in Hip Disorders, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital, Dallas, TX, 75219, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Philip Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Pranesh B Aswath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Venu G Varanasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.
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Jung KY, Kim KM, Ku EJ, Kim YJ, Lee DH, Choi SH, Jang HC, Shin CS, Park KS, Lim S. Age- and sex-specific association of circulating osteocalcin with dynamic measures of glucose homeostasis. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1021-1029. [PMID: 26373983 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY Our study showed that serum osteocalcin levels are closely related to glucose metabolism in men of all ages and younger women. This association disappeared in postmenopausal women in which increases bone turnover rates. The association between serum osteocalcin levels and glucose homeostasis should be interpreted according to age and sex. INTRODUCTION Osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, appears to be associated with glucose homeostasis. We investigated the age- and sex-specific association of serum osteocalcin level with variables related to glucose metabolism. METHODS This study was based on cross-sectional analysis from 719 participants aged 20-85 years after excluding patients taking antidiabetic or antiosteoporotic drugs. The subjects were divided into four groups according to age and sex as follows: men <50 years (n = 131), men ≥50 years (n = 191), women <50 years (n = 108), and women ≥50 years (n = 279). Anthropometric and biochemical variables including insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β cell function (HOMA-β) from a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, and serum 25-OH-vitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels were measured. RESULTS The serum osteocalcin level was significantly higher in women aged ≥50 years compared with women <50 years (20.4 ± 7.8 vs. 17.9 ± 6.8 ng/ml, p < 0.001), but there was no difference between men aged ≥50 years and men <50 years (16.4 ± 5.9 vs. 16.8 ± 6.0 ng/ml, p = 0.905). The participants diagnosed with diabetes had lower serum osteocalcin levels than normal or prediabetic participants. Multivariable regression analyses including HOMA-IR and HOMA-β indicated that serum osteocalcin levels had a negative and independent association with HbA1c levels in men and women aged <50 years, but not in women ≥50 years. CONCLUSIONS Low osteocalcin levels are associated with impaired glucose metabolism in men and premenopausal women. The osteocalcin levels may be determined by factors related to bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. Our data suggest that the serum levels of osteocalcin associated with glucose homeostasis should be interpreted according to age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K M Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - E J Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Y J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - D-H Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - S H Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H C Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - C S Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K S Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-707, South Korea.
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Dai Z, Wang R, Ang LW, Yuan JM, Koh WP. Bone turnover biomarkers and risk of osteoporotic hip fracture in an Asian population. Bone 2016; 83:171-177. [PMID: 26555636 PMCID: PMC4724247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
While epidemiologic studies suggest that bone turnover biomarkers may predict hip fracture risk, findings are inconsistent and Asian data are lacking. We conducted a matched case-control (1:1) study nested in the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a population-based prospective cohort of Chinese men and women (45-74years) recruited from 1993 to 1998 in Singapore. One hundred cases with incident hip fracture and 100 individually matched controls were randomly selected from 63,257 participants. Serum bone turnover biomarkers, namely bone alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP), osteocalcin (OC), procollagen type I N propeptide (PINP), N-terminal and C-terminal crosslinking telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX-I and CTX-I) were measured using immunoassays. Hip fracture cases had significantly higher serum levels of OC, PINP, CTX-I and NTX-I than controls (p<0.05). There was a dose-dependent positive relationship between OC, PINP, CTX-I and NTX-I and risk of hip fracture (all Ps for trend≤0.006), where the risk was significantly increased by 4.32-8.23 folds for the respective BTM [Quartile (Q) 4 vs. Q1]. The odds ratio [OR (95% CI)] at the highest quartile (Q4) was 6.63 (2.02-21.18) for PINP and 4.92 (1.67-14.51) for CTX-I. The joint effect of PINP and CTX-I showed a 7-fold increase in risk (OR: 7.36; 95% CI: 2.53-21.41) comparing participants with higher levels of PINP (Q4) and CTX-I (Q3-Q4) to those with low levels of PINP (Q1-Q3) and CTX-I (Q1-Q2). Our data demonstrated that higher serum levels of bone turnover biomarkers were associated with increased risk of hip fracture in an Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoli Dai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Li-Wei Ang
- Epidemiology & Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Ilyas A, Lavrik NV, Kim HK, Aswath PB, Varanasi VG. Enhanced interfacial adhesion and osteogenesis for rapid "bone-like" biomineralization by PECVD-based silicon oxynitride overlays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:15368-15379. [PMID: 26095187 PMCID: PMC6508966 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Structurally unstable fracture sites require metal fixative devices, which have long healing times due to their lack of osteoinductivity. Bioactive glass coatings lack in interfacial bonding, delaminate, and have reduced bioactivity due to the high temperatures used for their fabrication. Here, we test the hypothesis that low-temperature PECVD amorphous silica can enhance adhesion to the underlying metal surface and that N incorporation enhances osteogenesis and rapid biomineralization. A model Ti/TiO2-SiOx interface was formed by first depositing Ti onto Si wafers, followed by surface patterning, thermal annealing to form TiO2, and depositing SiOx/Si(ON)x overlays. TEM micrographs showed conformal SiOx layers on Ti/TiO2 overlays while XPS data revealed the formation of an elemental Ti-O-Si interface. Nanoscratch testing verified strong SiOx bonding with the underlying TiO2 layers. In vitro studies showed that the surface properties changed significantly to reveal the formation of hydroxycarbonate apatite within 6 h, and Si(ON)x surface chemistry induced osteogenic gene expression of human periosteal cells and led to a rapid "bone-like" biomineral formation within 4 weeks. XANES data revealed that the incorporation of N increased the surface HA bioactivity by increasing the carbonate to phosphate ratio. In conclusion, silicon oxynitride overlays on bone-implant systems enhance osteogenesis and biomineralization via surface nitrogen incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Ilyas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry Texas A&M University, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75246, United States
| | - Nickolay V. Lavrik
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Harry K.W. Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Center for Excellence in Hip Disorders, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital, 2222 Welborn Street, Dallas, Texas 75219, United States
| | - Pranesh B. Aswath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, 501 West First Street, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Venu G. Varanasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry Texas A&M University, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75246, United States
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Korpi-Steiner N, Milhorn D, Hammett-Stabler C. Osteoporosis in men. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:950-9. [PMID: 24726494 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis in men causes significant morbidity and mortality. Bone health declines gradually, often insidiously; and in light of the advancing aging population poses a serious public health issue that is not well recognized. Studies of the past decade have expanded our understanding of the events within, as well as the regulation of, bone remodeling and provided better insight into the physiology and pathophysiology specific to the adult male skeleton. The clinical measurement of bone mineral density using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry remains the gold standard for diagnosis of osteoporosis in males; and fracture risk assessment is now recognized as a preferred approach to guide treatment decisions. Utilizing surrogate end-points such as increasing bone mineral density and decreasing concentrations of bone resorption markers, clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy in pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis in the adult male. Unfortunately, few studies have evaluated the anti-fracture benefits in this population. Measurement of bone turnover markers may be an additional tool to monitor therapeutic responsiveness in addition to the measurement of bone mineral density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole Korpi-Steiner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Denise Milhorn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Catherine Hammett-Stabler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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