1
|
Li X, Liu Z, Gao T, Liu W, Yang K, Guo R, Li C, Tian Y, Wang N, Zhou D, Bei W, Yuan F. Tea Polyphenols Protects Tracheal Epithelial Tight Junctions in Lung during Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Infection via Suppressing TLR-4/MAPK/PKC-MLCK Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11842. [PMID: 37511601 PMCID: PMC10380469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is the causative pathogen of porcine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious respiratory disease in the pig industry. The increasingly severe antimicrobial resistance in APP urgently requires novel antibacterial alternatives for the treatment of APP infection. In this study, we investigated the effect of tea polyphenols (TP) against APP. MIC and MBC of TP showed significant inhibitory effects on bacteria growth and caused cellular damage to APP. Furthermore, TP decreased adherent activity of APP to the newborn pig tracheal epithelial cells (NPTr) and the destruction of the tight adherence junction proteins β-catenin and occludin. Moreover, TP improved the survival rate of APP infected mice but also attenuated the release of the inflammation-related cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. TP inhibited activation of the TLR/MAPK/PKC-MLCK signaling for down-regulated TLR-2, TLR4, p-JNK, p-p38, p-PKC-α, and MLCK in cells triggered by APP. Collectively, our data suggest that TP represents a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of APP infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Keli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Yongxiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Danna Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo S, Xing N, Xiang G, Zhang Y, Wang S. Eriodictyol: a review of its pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms related to ischemic stroke. Food Funct 2023; 14:1851-1868. [PMID: 36757280 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03417d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is characterized by a prominent mortality and disability rate, which has increased the burden on the global economy to a certain extent. Meanwhile, patients benefit little from the limited clinical strategies of intravenous alteplase and thrombectomy due to the limited therapeutic window. Given this, it is urgent to study new therapeutic methods to intervene in these patients. Eriodyctiol (ERD) is a major natural flavonoid, which widely exists in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal herbs, and has various pharmacological properties. It has been reported that ERD can maintain homeostasis in organisms by exerting neuroprotective and vascular protective effects. Therefore, more and more studies have focused on the pharmacological activity and mechanism of ERD in IS. This paper provides an overview of the plant sources, phytochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and pathogenesis, as well as the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of ERD in IS. To date, preclinical studies on ERD in diverse cell lines and animal models have established the idea of ERD as a feasible agent capable of specifically ameliorating IS. The molecular mechanisms of ERD to prevent or reduce IS are mainly based on the inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis. Nevertheless, the mechanism of ERD against IS is flawed and needs more exploration by the research community. Moreover, well-designed clinical trials are needed to increase the scientific validity of the beneficial effects of ERD against IS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sa Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Nan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Gelin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Shaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nurkenov T, Tsoy A, Olzhayev F, Abzhanova E, Turgambayeva A, Zhussupova A, Avula B, Ross S, Aituarova A, Kassymova D, Zhusupova G, Shalakhmetova T, Tokay T, Lee JC, Askarova S. Plant Extract of Limonium gmelinii Attenuates Oxidative Responses in Neurons, Astrocytes, and Cerebral Endothelial Cells In Vitro and Improves Motor Functions of Rats after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111814. [PMID: 34829685 PMCID: PMC8614848 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are numerous publications demonstrating that plant polyphenols can reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in the brain. In the present study we have investigated the neuroprotective effect of plant extract isolated from the roots of L. gmelinii since it contains a rich source of polyphenols and other biologically active compounds. We have applied an oxidative and inflammatory model induced by NMDA, H2O2, and TNF-α in human primary neurons and astrocytes, and mouse cerebral endothelial cell (CECs) line in vitro. The levels of ROS generation, NADPH oxidase activation, P-selectin expression, and activity of ERK1/2 were evaluated by quantitative immunofluorescence analysis, confocal microscopy, and MAPK assay. In vivo, sensorimotor functions in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were assessed. In neurons NMDA induced overproduction of ROS, in astrocytes TNF-α initiated ROS generation, NADPH oxidase activation, and phosphorylation of ERK1/2. In CECs, the exposure by TNF-α induced oxidative stress and triggered the accumulation of P-selectin on the surface of the cells. In turn, pre-treatment of the cells with the extract of L. gmelinii suppressed oxidative stress in all cell types and pro-inflammatory responses in astrocytes and CECs. In vivo, the treatment with L. gmelinii extract improved motor activity in rats with MCAO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tulendy Nurkenov
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (T.N.); (A.Z.); (A.A.); (D.K.); (G.Z.); (T.S.)
- Department of Biology, Institute of Natural Science and Geography, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
| | - Andrey Tsoy
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.T.); (F.O.); (E.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Farkhad Olzhayev
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.T.); (F.O.); (E.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Elvira Abzhanova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.T.); (F.O.); (E.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Anel Turgambayeva
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.T.); (F.O.); (E.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Aizhan Zhussupova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (T.N.); (A.Z.); (A.A.); (D.K.); (G.Z.); (T.S.)
| | - Bharathi Avula
- School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (B.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Samir Ross
- School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (B.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Aigerim Aituarova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (T.N.); (A.Z.); (A.A.); (D.K.); (G.Z.); (T.S.)
| | - Dariya Kassymova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (T.N.); (A.Z.); (A.A.); (D.K.); (G.Z.); (T.S.)
| | - Galiya Zhusupova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (T.N.); (A.Z.); (A.A.); (D.K.); (G.Z.); (T.S.)
| | - Tamara Shalakhmetova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (T.N.); (A.Z.); (A.A.); (D.K.); (G.Z.); (T.S.)
| | - Tursonjan Tokay
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - James C. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Sholpan Askarova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.T.); (F.O.); (E.A.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu X, Yan Y, Zhang Q. Neuroinflammation and Modulation Role of Natural Products After Spinal Cord Injury. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5713-5737. [PMID: 34764668 PMCID: PMC8576359 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s329864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe traumatic injury of the central nervous system, characterized by neurological dysfunction and locomotor disability. Although the underlying pathological mechanism of SCI is complex and remains unclear, the important role of neuroinflammation has been gradually unveiled in recent years. The inflammation process after SCI involves disruption of the blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB), activation of gliocytes, infiltration of peripheral macrophages, and feedback loops between different cells. Thus, our first aim is to illustrate pathogenesis, related cells and factors of neuroinflammation after SCI in this review. Due to the good bioactivity of natural products derived from plants and medicinal herbs, these widely exist as food, health-care products and drugs in our lives. In the inflammation after SCI, multiple natural products exert satisfactory effects. Therefore, the second aim of this review is to sum up the effects and mechanisms of 25 natural compounds and 7 extracts derived from plants or medicinal herbs on neuroinflammation after SCI. Clarification of the SCI inflammation mechanism and a summary of the related natural products is helpful for in-depth research and drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fang H, Li HF, Yan JY, Yang M, Zhang JP. Dexmedetomidine-up-regulated microRNA-381 exerts anti-inflammatory effects in rats with cerebral ischaemic injury via the transcriptional factor IRF4. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:2098-2109. [PMID: 33314611 PMCID: PMC7882963 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (Dex) possesses analgesic and anaesthetic values and reported being used in cerebral ischaemic injury therapeutics. Accumulating studies have determined the effect of microRNAs (miRNAs) on the cerebral ischaemic injury. Thus, the present study aimed to unravel the molecular mechanism of miR-381 and Dex in cerebral ischaemic injury. For this purpose, the cerebral ischaemic injury rat model was established by induction of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and expression of miR-381 and IRF4 was determined. Thereafter, MCAO rats were treated with Dex, miR-381 mimic, miR-381 inhibitor and oe-IRF4 respectively, followed by evaluation of neurological function. Furthermore, neuron cells were isolated from the hippocampus of rats and subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Then, OGD-treated neuron cells and primary neuron cells were examined by gain- and loss-of-function assay. Neuron cell apoptosis was detected using TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. The correlation between interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and interleukin (IL)-9 was detected. Our results showed down-regulated miR-38 and up-regulated IRF4 in MCAO rats. Besides, IRF4 was targeted by miR-381 in neuron cells. Dex and overexpressed miR-381, or silenced IRF4 improved the neurological function and inhibited neuron cell apoptosis in MCAO rats. Additionally, in MCAO rats, Dex was found to increase the miR-381 expression and reduced IRF4 expression to decrease the IL-9 expression, which suppressed the inflammatory response and cell apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, our study demonstrated that Dex elevated the expression of miR-381, which ultimately results in the inhibition of inflammation response in rats with cerebral ischaemic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou University People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Hua-Feng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian-Yong Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou University People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Miao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou University People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou University People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Laboratory of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma T, Peng W, Liu Z, Gao T, Liu W, Zhou D, Yang K, Guo R, Duan Z, Liang W, Bei W, Yuan F, Tian Y. Tea polyphenols inhibit the growth and virulence of ETEC K88. Microb Pathog 2020; 152:104640. [PMID: 33232763 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Diarrhea caused by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes high levels of morbidity and mortality in neonatal piglets. Owing to the abuse of antibiotics and emergence of drug resistance, antibiotics are no longer considered only beneficial, but also potentially harmful drugs. Supplements that can inhibit the growth of bacteria are expected to replace antibiotics. Tea polyphenols have numerous important biological functions, including antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive effects. We investigated the role of tea polyphenols in ETEC K88 infection using a mouse model. Pretreating with tea polyphenols attenuated the symptoms induced by ETEC K88. Furthermore, in a cell adherence assay, tea polyphenols inhibited ETEC K88 adherence to IPEC-J2 cells. When cells were infected with ETEC K88, mRNA and protein levels of claudin-1 were significantly decreased compared with those of control cells. However, when cells were pretreated with tea polyphenols, claudin-1 mRNA and protein levels were higher than those in cells without pretreatment upon cell infection with ETEC K88. TLR2 mRNA levels were also higher following cell infection with ETEC K88 when cells were pretreated with tea polyphenols. These data revealed that tea polyphenols could increase the barrier integrity of IPEC-J2 cells by upregulating expression of claudin-1 through activation of TLR2. Tea polyphenols had beneficial effects on epithelial barrier function. Therefore, tea polyphenols could be used as a novel strategy to control and treat pig infections caused by ETEC K88.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Danna Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Keli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Zhengying Duan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Wan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China.
| | - Yongxiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dobi A, Rosanaly S, Devin A, Baret P, Meilhac O, Harry GJ, d'Hellencourt CL, Rondeau P. Advanced glycation end-products disrupt brain microvascular endothelial cell barrier: The role of mitochondria and oxidative stress. Microvasc Res 2020; 133:104098. [PMID: 33075405 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During diabetes mellitus, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are major contributors to the development of alterations in cerebral capillaries, leading to the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Consequently, this is often associated with an amplified oxidative stress response in microvascular endothelial cells. As a model to mimic brain microvasculature, the bEnd.3 endothelial cell line was used to investigate cell barrier function. Cells were exposed to native bovine serum albumin (BSA) or modified BSA (BSA-AGEs). In the presence or absence of the antioxidant compound, N-acetyl-cysteine, cell permeability was assessed by FITC-dextran exclusion, intracellular free radical formation was monitored with H2DCF-DA probe, and mitochondrial respiratory and redox parameters were analyzed. We report that, in the absence of alterations in cell viability, BSA-AGEs contribute to an increase in endothelial cell barrier permeability and a marked and prolonged oxidative stress response. Decreased mitochondrial oxygen consumption was associated with these alterations and may contribute to reactive oxygen species production. These results suggest the need for further research to explore therapeutic interventions to restore mitochondrial functionality in microvascular endothelial cells to improve brain homeostasis in pathological complications associated with glycation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Dobi
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France
| | - Sarah Rosanaly
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France
| | - Anne Devin
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascal Baret
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; CHU de La Réunion, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - G Jean Harry
- Neurotoxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 27709 Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Christian Lefebvre d'Hellencourt
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; Neurotoxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 27709 Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Philippe Rondeau
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), plateforme CYROI, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yuan S, Liu KJ, Qi Z. Occludin regulation of blood-brain barrier and potential therapeutic target in ischemic stroke. Brain Circ 2020; 6:152-162. [PMID: 33210038 PMCID: PMC7646391 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_29_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Occludin is a key structural component of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) that has recently become an important focus of research in BBB damages. Many studies have demonstrated that occludin could regulate the integrity and permeability of the BBB. The function of BBB depends on the level of occludin protein expression in brain endothelial cells. Moreover, occludin may serve as a potential biomarker for hemorrhage transformation after acute ischemic stroke. In this review, we summarize the role of occludin in BBB integrity and the regulatory mechanisms of occludin in the permeability of BBB after ischemic stroke. Multiple factors have been found to regulate occludin protein functions in maintaining BBB permeability, such as Matrix metalloproteinas-mediated cleavage, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and related inflammatory factors. In addition, various signaling pathways participate in regulating the occludin expression, including nuclear factor-kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, protein kinase c, RhoK, and ERK1/2. Emerging therapeutic interventions for ischemic stroke targeting occludin are described, including normobaric hyperoxia, Chinese medicine, chemical drugs, genes, steroid hormones, small molecular peptides, and other therapies. Since occludin has been shown to play a critical role in regulating BBB integrity, further preclinical studies will help evaluate and validate occludin as a viable therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Yuan
- Department of Research Laboratory in Brain Injury and Protection, Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Zhifeng Qi
- Department of Research Laboratory in Brain Injury and Protection, Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fisher D, Thomas KA, Abdul‐Rasool S. The Synergistic and Neuroprotective Effects of Alcohol–Antioxidant Treatment on Blood–Brain Barrier Endothelial Cells. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1997-2007. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Fisher
- From the Department of Medical Biosciences (DF, KAT, SA‐R) University of the Western Cape Cape Town South Africa
- School of Health Professions (DF) University of Missouri Columbia Missouri
| | - Kelly Angelique Thomas
- From the Department of Medical Biosciences (DF, KAT, SA‐R) University of the Western Cape Cape Town South Africa
| | - Sahar Abdul‐Rasool
- From the Department of Medical Biosciences (DF, KAT, SA‐R) University of the Western Cape Cape Town South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen J, Yang R, Li H, Lao J. Green Tea Polyphenols Promote Functional Recovery from Peripheral Nerve Injury in Rats. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e923806. [PMID: 32851993 PMCID: PMC7476353 DOI: 10.12659/msm.923806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a common and progressive disorder with sensory and motor deficits in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Treatment is difficult, with unfavorable prognosis. Green tea polyphenols (GTPs) exert neuroprotective effects on regeneration of the central nervous system (CNS). However, the effects of GTPs on functional recovery of the PNS have not been fully characterized. Consequently, the present study investigated the effects of GTPs on nerve regeneration of rats with PNI. Material/Methods The model of PNI was established in rats by sciatic nerve injury (SNI). Adult male Wistar rats with SNI were randomly divided into a vehicle group and a GTPs group. The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of rat sciatic nerves (SN) was measured using the CM6240 physiological signal acquisition and processing system. The wet weight of the triceps muscle was determined using an analytical balance. The number of myelinated nerve fibers was counted under an optical microscope. Ultrastructure of the regenerated nerves in SN was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), neurofilament 200 (NF200), and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) in SN stumps were measured by real-time quantification PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot, respectively. Results In rats with SNI, GTPs relieved the adhesion between nerve anastomosis and surrounding tissues, and significantly increased nerve conduction velocity, wet weight of the triceps muscle, and development and axonal regeneration of myelinated nerve fibers. Moreover, GTPs promoted the mRNA and protein expressions of NGF, GAP-43, NF200, and MAG in SN stumps. Conclusions GTPs promotes nerve regeneration in rats with SNI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Rongyuan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Honghan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Lao
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Affiliated Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The small RNA microRNA-212 regulates sirtuin 2 expression in a cellular model of oxygen-glucose deprivation. Neuroreport 2020; 30:1184-1190. [PMID: 31651707 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-212 has been found to play an important role in several types of diseases, but the functional and potential mechanisms of microRNA-212 in ischemic brain injury are still unclear. The aims of this study were to investigate the potential role of microRNA-212 in ischemic brain injury and to reveal potential molecular mechanisms. The rat oxygen-glucose deprivation and simulated reperfusion model was established to study the role of microRNA-212 in ischemic brain injury. The expression of microRNA-212 in oxygen-glucose deprivation and simulated reperfusion model and its effect on cell proliferation were measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, respectively. The relationships between microRNA-212 and sirtuin 2 were confirmed by luciferase-reporter assay. We observed that microRNA-212 was downregulated after oxygen-glucose deprivation and simulated reperfusion treatment. Besides, the cells viabilities were increased/decreased in oxygen-glucose deprivation and simulated reperfusion model after transfection with microRNA-212 agomir (agonist of microRNA-212 action) and microRNA-212 antagomir (inhibitor of microRNA-212 action). In addition, luciferase and western blot experiments showed that microRNA-212 directly regulated sirtuin 2 changes. Furthermore, promotion of neuronal survival by microRNA-212 was blocked by overexpression of sirtuin 2, whereas the neuronal death induced by microRNA-212 inhibition was rescued by sirtuin 2 inhibition. Taken together, our study revealed that the role of miR-212 in the modulation of ischemic brain injury might be achieved by regulating sirtuin 2, which provides potential biomarkers and candidates for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang L, Xu S, Wu X, Chen J, Guo X, Cao Y, Zhang Z, Yan J, Cheng J, Han Z. Combined Treatment With 2-(2-Benzofu-Ranyl)-2-Imidazoline and Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Protects Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in a Rat Model of Embolic Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:801. [PMID: 32595494 PMCID: PMC7303334 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is used to treat acute ischemic stroke but is only effective if administered within 4.5 h after stroke onset. Delayed rt-PA treatment causes blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and hemorrhagic transformation. The compound 2-(-2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline (2-BFI), a newly discovered antagonist of high-affinity postsynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in ischemia. Here, we investigated whether combining 2-BFI and rt-PA can ameliorate BBB disruption and prolong the therapeutic window in a rat model of embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (eMCAO). Ischemia was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by eMCAO, after which they were treated with 2-BFI (3 mg/kg) at 0.5 h in combination with rt-PA (10 mg/kg) at 6 or 8 h. Control rats were treated with saline or 2-BFI or rt-PA. Combined therapy with 2-BFI and rt-PA (6 h) reduced the infarct volume, denatured cell index, BBB permeability, and brain edema. This was associated with increased expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and tight junction proteins (occludin and ZO-1) and downregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP2 and MMP9). We conclude that 2-BFI protects the BBB from damage caused by delayed rt-PA treatment in ischemia. 2-BFI may therefore extend the therapeutic window up to 6 h after stroke onset in rats and may be a promising therapeutic strategy for humans. However, mechanisms to explain the effects oberved in the present study are not yet elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiaou Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yungang Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jueyue Yan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhao Han
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Peng Y, Xi J, Sun Y, Chen G, Li D, Peng C, Wan X, Cai H. Tea components influencing bioavailability of fluoride and potential transport mechanism in the Caco‐2 cell line model. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036 China
| | - Junjun Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036 China
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036 China
| | - Guijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Daxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036 China
| | - Chuanyi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036 China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036 China
| | - Huimei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036 China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Park DJ, Kang JB, Koh PO. Epigallocatechin gallate alleviates neuronal cell damage against focal cerebral ischemia in rats. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:639-645. [PMID: 32224555 PMCID: PMC7273602 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a neurological disorder that causes permanent disability and is sometimes fatal. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a natural polyphenol that exerts beneficial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of EGCG against cerebral ischemia. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was surgically initiated to induce focal cerebral ischemia in adult male rats. EGCG (50 mg/kg) or vehicle was intraperitoneally injected just prior to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induction. Neuronal behavior tests were performed 24 hr after MCAO. Brain tissues were isolated to evaluate infarct volume, histological changes, apoptotic cell death, and caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) levels. MCAO injury led to serious functional neurological deficits and increased infarct volume. Moreover, it induced histopathological lesions and increased the numbers of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells in the cerebral cortex. However, EGCG improved MCAO-induced neurological deficits and reduced infarct volume, alleviated histopathological changes, and decreased TUNEL-positive cells in the cerebral cortex of MCAO rats. Western blot analysis showed increases of caspase-3 and PARP expression levels in MCAO rats with vehicle, whereas EGCG administration alleviated these increases after MCAO injury. These results demonstrate that EGCG exerts a neuroprotective effect by regulating caspase-3 and PARP proteins during cerebral ischemia. In conclusion, we suggest that EGCG acts as a potent neuroprotective agent by modulating the apoptotic signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ju Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Ju-Bin Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Phil-Ok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang F, Zhai M, Wu Q, Jia X, Wang Y, Wang N. Protective Effect of Tong-Qiao-Huo-Xue Decoction on Inflammatory Injury Caused by Intestinal Microbial Disorders in Stroke Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:788-800. [PMID: 32132347 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tong-Qiao-Huo-Xue Decoction (TQHXD) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine prescription for treating cerebral ischemia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of TQHXD on intervening inflammatory response of ischemic stroke by regulating intestinal flora and repairing the intestinal barrier. A rat model of cerebral ischemia was established using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and behavioral scores were performed. Additionally, the high throughput 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence of intestinal bacteria in fecal samples of rat was also carried out. Our results showed that TQHXD could change the main components of intestinal flora in stroke rats, and reduced the excessive increase of Bacteroidetes, and also regulated the abnormal changes of abundance of some flora as well. In addition, the intestinal epithelial barrier was damaged after stroke, allowing bacterial metabolites to enter the blood, while TQHXD had an improved effect on this phenomenon. Meanwhile, pathological changes in the brain tissue and infarct volume were also alleviated by TQHXD. Due to the disorder of the intestinal flora and the destruction of the barrier, the peripheral immune imbalance caused an inflammatory reaction. TQHXD improved the imbalance of T cells, and inhibited the inflammatory response. Finally, the therapeutic transplantation of fecal microbiota also improved the outcome of stroke in rats. Our presented results suggest that TQHXD may improve the gut microbiota disorder and its induced inflammatory response after stroke, which could be a new target and mechanism for the treatment of stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine.,Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education
| | - Mengting Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine.,Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education
| | - Xiaoyi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine.,Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine.,Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine.,Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen C, Li T, Zhao Y, Qian Y, Li X, Dai X, Huang D, Pan T, Zhou L. Platelet glycoprotein receptor Ib blockade ameliorates experimental cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by strengthening the blood-brain barrier function and anti-thrombo-inflammatory property. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:255-263. [PMID: 29195783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, thrombus formation and immune-mediated inflammation are important steps in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury but are still inaccessible to therapeutic interventions. Recent studies have provided increasing evidence that blocking of platelet glycoprotein (GP) receptor Ib might represent a novel target in treating acute ischemic stroke. This research was conducted to explore the therapeutic efficacy and potential mechanisms of GPIbα inhibitor (anfibatide) in a model of brain ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Male mice underwent 90 min of right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Anfibatide (1, 2, 4 ug/kg) or tirofiban were administered intravenously 1 h after reperfusion. The results showed that anfibatide could significantly reduce infarct volumes, increase the number of intact neuronal cells and improve neurobehavioral function. Moreover, anfibatide could reduce post ischemic BBB damage by attenuating increased paracellular permeability in the ischemia hemisphere significantly. Stroke-induced increases in activity and protein expression of macrophage-1 antigen (MAC-1) and P-selectin were also reduced by anfibatide intervention. Finally, anfibatide exerted antithrombotic effects upon stroke by decreased the number of microthrombi formation. This is the first demonstration of anfibatide's efficacy in protecting the BBB integrity and decreasing neutrophil inflammation response mediated by MAC-1 besides microthrombus formation inhibition in the brain during reperfusion. Anfibatide, as a promising anti-thrombo-inflammation agent, could be beneficial for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Yuchen Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Yinfeng Qian
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Zhaoke Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Xiangrong Dai
- Zhaoke Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Dake Huang
- Synthetic Laboratory of Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Tianzhong Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu P, Zhang R, Liu D, Wang J, Yuan C, Zhao X, Li Y, Ji X, Chi T, Zou L. Time-course investigation of blood-brain barrier permeability and tight junction protein changes in a rat model of permanent focal ischemia. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:121-127. [PMID: 28078626 PMCID: PMC10716957 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) is an animal model that is widely used to simulate human ischemic stroke. However, the timing of the changes in the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins and synaptic proteins associated with pMCAO remain incompletely understood. Therefore, to further explore the characteristics and mechanisms of blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage during cerebral ischemic stroke, we used a pMCAO rat model to define dynamic changes in BBB permeability within 120 h after ischemia in order to examine the expression levels of the TJ proteins claudin-5 and occludin and the synaptic proteins synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95). In our study, Evans blue content began to increase at 4 h and was highest at 8 and 120 h after ischemia. TTC staining showed that cerebral infarction was observed at 4 h and that the percentage of infarct volume increased with time after ischemia. The expression levels of claudin-5 and occludin began to decline at 1 h and were lowest at 8 and 120 h after ischemia. The expression levels of SYP and PSD95 decreased from 12 to 120 h after ischemia. GFAP, an astrocyte marker, gradually increased in the cortex penumbra over time post-ischemia. Our study helps clarify the characteristics of pMCAO models and provides evidence supporting the translational potential of animal stroke models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinling Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinjie Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyan Chi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang G, Bibi S, Du M, Suzuki T, Zhu MJ. Regulation of the intestinal tight junction by natural polyphenols: A mechanistic perspective. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3830-3839. [PMID: 27008212 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1152230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of the epithelial barrier function is closely linked to the pathogenesis of various gastrointestinal diseases, food allergies, type I diabetes, and other systematic diseases. Plant-derived polyphenols are natural secondary metabolites and exert various physiological benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-aging effects. Recent studies also show the role of plant polyphenols in regulation of the intestinal barrier and prevention of intestinal inflammatory diseases. Here we summarize the regulatory pathways and mediators linking polyphenols to their beneficial effects on tight junction and gut epithelial barrier functions, and provide useful information about using polyphenols as nutraceuticals for intestinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guan Yang
- a School of Food Science , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington , USA
| | - Shima Bibi
- a School of Food Science , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington , USA
| | - Min Du
- b Department of Animal Science , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington , USA
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- c Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- a School of Food Science , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington , USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sun ZL, Jiang XF, Cheng YC, Liu YF, Yang K, Zhu SL, Kong XB, Tu Y, Bian KF, Liu ZL, Chen XY. Exendin-4 inhibits high-altitude cerebral edema by protecting against neurobiological dysfunction. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:653-663. [PMID: 29722317 PMCID: PMC5950675 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.230291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of exendin-4 (Ex-4) have been reported previously. However, whether (Ex-4) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) remains poorly understood. In this study, two rat models of HACE were established by placing rats in a hypoxic environment with a simulated altitude of either 6000- or 7000-m above sea level (MASL) for 72 hours. An altitude of 7000 MASL with 72-hours of hypoxia was found to be the optimized experimental paradigm for establishing HACE models. Then, in rats where a model of HACE was established by introducing them to a 7000 MASL environment with 72-hours of hypoxia treatment, 2, 10 and, 100 μg of Ex-4 was intraperitoneally administrated. The open field test and tail suspension test were used to test animal behavior. Routine methods were used to detect change in inflammatory cells. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to determine pathological changes to brain tissue. Wet/dry weight ratios were used to measure brain water content. Evans blue leakage was used to determine blood-brain barrier integrity. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure markers of inflammation and oxidative stress including superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and malonaldehyde values, as well as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in the brain tissue. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the levels of occludin, ZO-1, SOCS-3, vascular endothelial growth factor, EPAC1, nuclear factor-kappa B, and aquaporin-4. Our results demonstrate that Ex-4 preconditioning decreased brain water content, inhibited inflammation and oxidative stress, alleviated brain tissue injury, maintain blood-brain barrier integrity, and effectively improved motor function in rat models of HACE. These findings suggest that Ex-4 exhibits therapeutic potential in the treatment of HACE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Lei Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Institute of Traumatic Brain Trauma and Neurological of CAPF, Neurotrauma Repair Key Laboratory of Tianjin, Tianjin; Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xian-Feng Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Institute of Traumatic Brain Trauma and Neurological of CAPF, Neurotrauma Repair Key Laboratory of Tianjin; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan-Chi Cheng
- Central Hospital of Fengxian District of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Fu Liu
- Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Yang
- The No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | | | - Xian-Bin Kong
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Tu
- Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Institute of Traumatic Brain Trauma and Neurological of CAPF, Neurotrauma Repair Key Laboratory of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke-Feng Bian
- Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Institute of Traumatic Brain Trauma and Neurological of CAPF, Neurotrauma Repair Key Laboratory of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu-Yi Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Institute of Traumatic Brain Trauma and Neurological of CAPF, Neurotrauma Repair Key Laboratory of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sifat AE, Vaidya B, Abbruscato TJ. Blood-Brain Barrier Protection as a Therapeutic Strategy for Acute Ischemic Stroke. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:957-972. [PMID: 28484963 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a vital component of the neurovascular unit (NVU) containing tight junctional (TJ) proteins and different ion and nutrient transporters which maintain normal brain physiology. BBB disruption is a major pathological hallmark in the course of ischemic stroke which is regulated by the actions of different factors working at different stages of cerebral ischemia including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), inflammatory modulators, vesicular trafficking, oxidative pathways, and junctional-cytoskeletal interactions. These components interact further to disrupt maintenance of both the paracellular and transport barriers of the central nervous system (CNS) to worsen ischemic brain injury and the propensity for hemorrhagic transformation (HT) associated with injury and/or thrombolytic therapy with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). We propose that these complex molecular pathways should be evaluated further so that they could be targeted alone or in combination to protect the BBB during cerebral ischemia. These types of novel interventions should be guided by advanced imaging techniques for better diagnosis of BBB damage which may exert significant therapeutic benefit including the extension of therapeutic window of tPA. This review will focus on the different stages and mechanisms of BBB damage in acute ischemic stroke and novel therapeutic strategies to target those pathways for better therapeutic outcome in stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ehsan Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter, Amarillo, Texas, 79106, USA
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter, Amarillo, Texas, 79106, USA
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter, Amarillo, Texas, 79106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li L, Wang N, Jin Q, Wu Q, Liu Y, Wang Y. Protection of Tong-Qiao-Huo-Xue Decoction against Cerebral Ischemic Injury through Reduction Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:1004-1010. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Qizhong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine
| | - Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yafang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Natural products against Alzheimer's disease: Pharmaco-therapeutics and biotechnological interventions. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 35:178-216. [PMID: 28043897 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe, chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with memory and cognition impairment ultimately leading to death. It is the commonest reason of dementia in elderly populations mostly affecting beyond the age of 65. The pathogenesis is indicated by accumulation of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in brain tissues and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in neurons. The main cause is considered to be the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to oxidative stress. The current treatment provides only symptomatic relief by offering temporary palliative therapy which declines the rate of cognitive impairment associated with AD. Inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is considered as one of the major therapeutic strategies offering only symptomatic relief and moderate disease-modifying effect. Other non-cholinergic therapeutic approaches include antioxidant and vitamin therapy, stem cell therapy, hormonal therapy, use of antihypertensive or lipid-lowering medications and selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, inhibition of β-secretase and γ-secretase and Aβ aggregation, inhibition of tau hyperphosphorylation and intracellular NFT, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), transition metal chelators, insulin resistance drugs, etanercept, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) etc. Medicinal plants have been reported for possible anti-AD activity in a number of preclinical and clinical trials. Ethnobotany, being popular in China and in the Far East and possibly less emphasized in Europe, plays a substantial role in the discovery of anti-AD agents from botanicals. Chinese Material Medica (CMM) involving Chinese medicinal plants has been used traditionally in China in the treatment of AD. Ayurveda has already provided numerous lead compounds in drug discovery and many of these are also undergoing clinical investigations. A number of medicinal plants either in their crude forms or as isolated compounds have exhibited to reduce the pathological features associated with AD. In this present review, an attempt has been made to elucidate the molecular mode of action of various plant extracts, phytochemicals and traditional herbal formulations investigated against AD as reported in various preclinical and clinical tests. Herbal synergism often found in polyherbal formulations were found effective to combat disease heterogeneity as found in complex pathogenesis of AD. Finally a note has been added to describe biotechnological improvement, genetic and genomic resources and mathematical and statistical techniques for empirical model building associated with anti-AD plant secondary metabolites and their source botanicals.
Collapse
|
23
|
Mazzio EA, Bauer D, Mendonca P, Taka E, Soliman KFA. Natural product HTP screening for attenuation of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemo attractants (CINCs) and NO2- in LPS/IFNγ activated glioma cells. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 302:10-19. [PMID: 27956075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic and acute central nervous system (CNS) inflammation are contributors toward neurological injury associated with head trauma, stroke, infection, Parkinsons or Alzheimers disease. CNS inflammatory illnesses can also contribute toward risk of developing glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). With growing public interest in complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs), we conduct a high throughput (HTP) screening of >1400 natural herbs, plants and over the counter (OTC) products for anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon gamma (IFNγ) activated C6 glioma cells. Validation studies were performed showing a pro-inflammatory profile of [LPS 3 µg/ml/ IFNγ 3 ng/ml] consistent with greater release [>8.5 fold] of MCP-1, NO2-, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemo-attractants (CINC) 1, CINC 2a and CINC3. The data show no changes to the following, IL-13, TNF-a, fracktaline, leptin, LIX, GM-CSF, ICAM1, L-Selectin, activin A, agrin, IL-1α, MIP-3a, B72/CD86, NGF, IL-1b, MMP-8, IL-1 R6, PDGF-AA, IL-2, IL-4, prolactin R, RAGE, IL-6, Thymus Chemokine-1, CNTF,IL-10 or TIMP-1. A HTP screening was conducted, where we employ an in vitro efficacy index (iEI) defined as the ratio of toxicity (LC50)/anti-inflammatory potency (IC50). The iEI was precautionary to ensure biological effects were occurring in fully viable cells (ratio > 3.8) independent of toxicity. Using NO2- as a guideline molecule, the data show that 1.77% (25 of 1410 tested) had anti-inflammatory effects with iEI ratios >3.8 and IC50s <250µg/ml. These include reference drugs (hydrocortisone, dexamethasone N6-(1-iminoethyl)-l-lysine and NSAIDS: diclofenac, tolfenamic acid), a histone deacetylase inhibitor (apicidin) and the following natural products; Ashwaganda (Withania somnifera), Elecampagne Root (Inula helenium), Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), Green Tea (Camellia sinensis), Turmeric Root (Curcuma longa) Ganthoda (Valeriana wallichii), Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), Maddar Root (Rubia tinctoria), Red Sandle wood (Pterocarpus santalinus), Bay Leaf (Laurus nobilis, Lauraceae), quercetin, cardamonin, fisetin, EGCG, biochanin A, galangin, apigenin and curcumin. The herb with the largest iEI was Ashwaganda where the IC50/LC50 was 11.1/>1750.0μg/ml, and the compound with the greatest iEI was quercetin where the IC50/LC50 was 10.0/>363.6μg/ml. These substances also downregulate the production of iNOS expression and attenuate CINC-3 release. In summary, this HTP screening provides guideline information about the efficacy of natural products that could prevent inflammatory processes associated with neurodegenerative disease and aggressive glioma tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Mazzio
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - David Bauer
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - Patricia Mendonca
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - Equar Taka
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - Karam F A Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kong LL, Wang ZY, Hu JF, Yuan YH, Li H, Chen NH. Inhibition of chemokine-like factor 1 improves blood-brain barrier dysfunction in rats following focal cerebral ischemia. Neurosci Lett 2016; 627:192-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
25
|
Das J, Ramani R, Suraju MO. Polyphenol compounds and PKC signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2107-21. [PMID: 27369735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naturally occurring polyphenols found in food sources provide huge health benefits. Several polyphenolic compounds are implicated in the prevention of disease states, such as cancer. One of the mechanisms by which polyphenols exert their biological actions is by interfering in the protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathways. PKC belongs to a superfamily of serine-threonine kinase and are primarily involved in phosphorylation of target proteins controlling activation and inhibition of many cellular processes directly or indirectly. SCOPE OF REVIEW Despite the availability of substantial literature data on polyphenols' regulation of PKC, no comprehensive review article is currently available on this subject. This article reviews PKC-polyphenol interactions and its relevance to various disease states. In particular, salient features of polyphenols, PKC, interactions of naturally occurring polyphenols with PKC, and future perspective of research on this subject are discussed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Some polyphenols exert their antioxidant properties by regulating the transcription of the antioxidant enzyme genes through PKC signaling. Regulation of PKC by polyphenols is isoform dependent. The activation or inhibition of PKC by polyphenols has been found to be dependent on the presence of membrane, Ca(2+) ion, cofactors, cell and tissue types etc. Two polyphenols, curcumin and resveratrol are in clinical trials for the treatment of colon cancer. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The fact that 74% of the cancer drugs are derived from natural sources, naturally occurring polyphenols or its simple analogs with improved bioavailability may have the potential to be cancer drugs in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joydip Das
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States.
| | - Rashmi Ramani
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| | - M Olufemi Suraju
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Daulatzai MA. Cerebral hypoperfusion and glucose hypometabolism: Key pathophysiological modulators promote neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:943-972. [PMID: 27350397 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging, hypertension, diabetes, hypoxia/obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), obesity, vitamin B12/folate deficiency, depression, and traumatic brain injury synergistically promote diverse pathological mechanisms including cerebral hypoperfusion and glucose hypometabolism. These risk factors trigger neuroinflammation and oxidative-nitrosative stress that in turn decrease nitric oxide and enhance endothelin, Amyloid-β deposition, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and blood-brain barrier disruption. Proinflammatory cytokines, endothelin-1, and oxidative-nitrosative stress trigger several pathological feedforward and feedback loops. These upstream factors persist in the brain for decades, upregulating amyloid and tau, before the cognitive decline. These cascades lead to neuronal Ca2+ increase, neurodegeneration, cognitive/memory decline, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, strategies are available to attenuate cerebral hypoperfusion and glucose hypometabolism and ameliorate cognitive decline. AD is the leading cause of dementia among the elderly. There is significant evidence that pathways involving inflammation and oxidative-nitrosative stress (ONS) play a key pathophysiological role in promoting cognitive dysfunction. Aging and several comorbid conditions mentioned above promote diverse pathologies. These include inflammation, ONS, hypoperfusion, and hypometabolism in the brain. In AD, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and glucose hypometabolism precede decades before the cognitive decline. These comorbid disease conditions may share and synergistically activate these pathophysiological pathways. Inflammation upregulates cerebrovascular pathology through proinflammatory cytokines, endothelin-1, and nitric oxide (NO). Inflammation-triggered ONS promotes long-term damage involving fatty acids, proteins, DNA, and mitochondria; these amplify and perpetuate several feedforward and feedback pathological loops. The latter includes dysfunctional energy metabolism (compromised mitochondrial ATP production), amyloid-β generation, endothelial dysfunction, and blood-brain-barrier disruption. These lead to decreased cerebral blood flow and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion- that would modulate metabolic dysfunction and neurodegeneration. In essence, hypoperfusion deprives the brain from its two paramount trophic substances, viz., oxygen and nutrients. Consequently, the brain suffers from synaptic dysfunction and neuronal degeneration/loss, leading to both gray and white matter atrophy, cognitive dysfunction, and AD. This Review underscores the importance of treating the above-mentioned comorbid disease conditions to attenuate inflammation and ONS and ameliorate decreased cerebral blood flow and hypometabolism. Additionally, several strategies are described here to control chronic hypoperfusion of the brain and enhance cognition. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mak Adam Daulatzai
- Sleep Disorders Group, EEE Dept/MSE, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang K, Jin X, Chen Y, Song Z, Jiang X, Hu F, Conlon MA, Topping DL. Polyphenol-Rich Propolis Extracts Strengthen Intestinal Barrier Function by Activating AMPK and ERK Signaling. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050272. [PMID: 27164138 PMCID: PMC4882685 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis has abundant polyphenolic constituents and is used widely as a health/functional food. Here, we investigated the effects of polyphenol-rich propolis extracts (PPE) on intestinal barrier function in human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells, as well as in rats. In Caco-2 cells, PPE increased transepithelial electrical resistance and decreased lucifer yellow flux. PPE-treated cells showed increased expression of the tight junction (TJ) loci occludin and zona occludens (ZO)-1. Confocal microscopy showed organized expressions in proteins related to TJ assembly, i.e., occludin and ZO-1, in response to PPE. Furthermore, PPE led to the activation of AMPK, ERK1/2, p38, and Akt. Using selective inhibitors, we found that the positive effects of PPE on barrier function were abolished in cells in which AMPK and ERK1/2 signaling were inhibited. Moreover, rats fed a diet supplemented with PPE (0.3% in the diet) exhibited increased colonic epithelium ZO-1 expression. Overall, these data suggest that PPE strengthens intestinal barrier function by activating AMPK and ERK signaling and provide novel insights into the potential application of propolis for human gut health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| | - Xiaolu Jin
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yifan Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zehe Song
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiasen Jiang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Fuliang Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zanotto C, Simão F, Gasparin MS, Biasibetti R, Tortorelli LS, Nardin P, Gonçalves CA. Exendin-4 Reverses Biochemical and Functional Alterations in the Blood-Brain and Blood-CSF Barriers in Diabetic Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2154-2166. [PMID: 26927659 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder associated with micro- and macrovascular alterations that contribute to the cognitive impairment observed in diabetic patients. Signs of breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) have been found in patients and animal models of DM. Breakdown of the BBB and BCSFB can lead to disruptions in cerebral homeostasis and eventually neural dysfunction and degeneration. However, our understanding of the biochemistry underlying barrier protein modifications is incomplete. Herein, we evaluated changes in the levels of specific proteins in the BBB (occludin, claudin-5, ZO-1, and aquaporin-4) and BCSFB (claudin-2 and aquaporin-1) in the hippocampus of diabetic rats, and we also investigated the functional alterations in these barriers. In addition, we evaluated the ability of exendin-4 (EX-4), a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist that can cross the BBB to reverse the functional and biochemical modifications observed in these animals. We observed a decrease in BBB proteins (except ZO-1) in diabetic rats, whereas the EX-4 treatment recovered the occludin and aquaporin-4 levels. Similarly, we observed a decrease in BCSFB proteins in diabetic rats, whereas EX-4 reversed such changes. EX-4 also reversed alterations in the permeability of the BBB and BCSFB in diabetic rats. Additionally, altered cognitive parameters in diabetic rats were improved by EX-4. These data further our understanding of the alterations in the central nervous system caused by DM, particularly changes in the proteins and permeability of the brain barriers, as well as cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, these data suggest a role for EX-4 in therapeutic strategies for cognitive dysfunction in DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Zanotto
- Biochemistry Department, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Simão
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manuela Sangalli Gasparin
- Biochemistry Department, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Regina Biasibetti
- Biochemistry Department, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas Silva Tortorelli
- Biochemistry Department, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Nardin
- Biochemistry Department, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Biochemistry Department, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang B, Wang B, Cao S, Wang Y. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) Attenuates Traumatic Brain Injury by Inhibition of Edema Formation and Oxidative Stress. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 19:491-7. [PMID: 26557015 PMCID: PMC4637351 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.6.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and long-term disability, which can decrease quality of life. In spite of numerous studies suggesting that Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been used as a therapeutic agent for a broad range of disorders, the effect of EGCG on TBI remains unknown. In this study, a weight drop model was established to evaluate the therapeutic potential of EGCG on TBI. Rats were administered with 100 mg/kg EGCG or PBS intraperitoneally. At different times following trauma, rats were sacrificed for analysis. It was found that EGCG (100 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment significantly reduced brain water content and vascular permeability at 12, 24, 48, 72 hour after TBI. Real-time PCR results revealed that EGCG inhibited TBI-induced IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA expression. Importantly, CD68 mRNA expression decreasing in the brain suggested that EGCG inhibited microglia activation. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry results showed that administering of EGCG significantly inhibited the levels of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. TBI-induced oxidative stress was remarkably impaired by EGCG treatment, which elevated the activities of SOD and GSH-PX. Conversely, EGCG significantly reduced the contents of MDA after TBI. In addition, EGCG decreased TBI-induced NADPH oxidase activation through inhibition of p47phox translocation from cytoplasm to plasma membrane. These data demonstrate that EGCG treatment may be an effective therapeutic strategy for TBI and the underlying mechanism involves inhibition of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin 300060, PR China. ; Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Bing Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Shuhua Cao
- Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pan J, Lei X, Wang J, Huang S, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Chen W, Li D, Zheng J, Cui H, Liu Q. Effects of Kaixinjieyu, a Chinese herbal medicine preparation, on neurovascular unit dysfunction in rats with vascular depression. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:291. [PMID: 26286041 PMCID: PMC4545710 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaixinjieyu (KJ), derived from Kaixin and Sini powder, is an effective Chinese herbal medicine preparation used in the treatment of vascular depression (VD). We hypothesize that broad antidepressant effect of KJ results from the improved neurovascular unit (NVU) function via neurogenesis, permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and balance of the fibrinolytic system. METHODS A VD model of rat was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress and separation after ligation of the bilateral common carotid arteries. The rats were treated with KJ and fluoxetine hydrochloride (FLU) for 21 days, respectively. The behavior and cerebral perfusion were investigated and then NVU functions including neurogenesis, permeability of BBB and balance of the fibrinolytic system were studied using a number of biomarkers and TUNEL assay. RESULTS KJ significantly increased sucrose preference, moving distance, number of rearing and cortical blood flow. NVU functions measured by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) proteins and mRNA, zona occludens protein-1 (ZO-1), occludin and claudin-5 proteins increased significantly, whereas, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) proteins, mRNA and apoptotic rates of neurons decreased significantly with treatment of KJ. FLU has a function similar to KJ in behavior, regulation of BDNF, TrkB, MMP-2, occludin and apoptotic rates of cells. CONCLUSIONS KJ has function of reducing depression-like behavior and improving cerebral hypoperfusion, which might be mediated by the up-regulation of neurogenesis and tight junction of BBB, and balance of the fibrinolytic system. The results imply that KJ is better than FLU in improving cerebral hypoperfusion and the fibrinolytic system.
Collapse
|
31
|
Yu DS, Liu LB, Cao Y, Wang YS, Bi YL, Wei ZJ, Tong SM, Lv G, Mei XF. Combining Bone Marrow Stromal Cells with Green Tea Polyphenols Attenuates the Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Permeability in Rats with Compression Spinal Cord Injury. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:388-96. [PMID: 26007330 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effect of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) combined with green tea polyphenols (GTPs) on the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) permeability after spinal cord injury (SCI) in the rat model. In the model of SCI rats, we found that the water content and the BSCB permeability were decreased by BMSCs and GTPs treatment, and their combination had a synergistic effect. Further, the motor function of rats was also greatly improved by BMSCs and GTPs administration. After treated by the combination of BMSCs and GTPs, SCI rats showed the up-regulated expression of tight junction (TJ) associated proteins claudin-5, occludin and ZO-1 by Western blot, which was more remarkable than that in the single treatment. The increased expression levels of claudin-5, occludin, and ZO-1 were the most obvious in the spinal cord microvessels using immunohistochemistry assay. This led to the conclusion that the combination of BMSCs and GTPs could decrease the BSCB permeability by up-regulating protein expression levels of claudin-5, occludin, and ZO-1. In addition, after BMSCs and GTPs administration, the results of Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed a significant decrease in protein expression level and the activation of nuclear factor-кB (NF-кB) p65. Our results indicated that combination of BMSCs and GTPs could improve motor function after SCI, which might be correlated with improvements in BSCB integrity, and that NF-кB might be involved in the modulating process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-shui Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lee J, Jo DG, Park D, Chung HY, Mattson MP. Adaptive cellular stress pathways as therapeutic targets of dietary phytochemicals: focus on the nervous system. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 66:815-68. [PMID: 24958636 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.007757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past 5 decades, it has been widely promulgated that the chemicals in plants that are good for health act as direct scavengers of free radicals. Here we review evidence that favors a different hypothesis for the health benefits of plant consumption, namely, that some phytochemicals exert disease-preventive and therapeutic actions by engaging one or more adaptive cellular response pathways in cells. The evolutionary basis for the latter mechanism is grounded in the fact that plants produce natural antifeedant/noxious chemicals that discourage insects and other organisms from eating them. However, in the amounts typically consumed by humans, the phytochemicals activate one or more conserved adaptive cellular stress response pathways and thereby enhance the ability of cells to resist injury and disease. Examplesof such pathways include those involving the transcription factors nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, nuclear factor-κB, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and forkhead box subgroup O, as well as the production and action of trophic factors and hormones. Translational research to develop interventions that target these pathways may lead to new classes of therapeutic agents that act by stimulating adaptive stress response pathways to bolster endogenous defenses against tissue injury and disease. Because neurons are particularly sensitive to potentially noxious phytochemicals, we focus on the nervous system but also include findings from other cell types in which actions of phytochemicals on specific signal transduction pathways have been more thoroughly studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Campos-Bedolla P, Walter FR, Veszelka S, Deli MA. Role of the Blood–Brain Barrier in the Nutrition of the Central Nervous System. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:610-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|