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Wang M, Jin MY, Liu YX, Guo YQ, Li HX, Jiang J, Peak KY, Piao XC, Lian ML. Adventitious root culture of Lessertia frutescens for the production of triterpenoid saponins and polysaccharides. J Biotechnol 2024; 379:87-97. [PMID: 38103580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Lessertia frutescens is a perennial shrub of commercial importance in South Africa, but the scarcity of plant resources has limited current product production. In this study, to provide an alternative approach for obtaining L. frutescens material, adventitious roots (ARs) were induced from sterilized seedlings and cultured in a suspension culture system. During this process, selection tests were conducted to find a suitable auxin and its concentration for AR induction and a suitable basal medium for AR growth and metabolite accumulation; a kinetic study was then performed to constructure kinetic models. The results showed that compared to other auxins and concentrations, indole-3-butyric acid at 3 mg/L was suitable for increasing the number and length of ARs during AR induction. In AR suspension culture, Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) was better than other basal media, and the maximum AR fresh (86.9 g/L) or dry weight (5.5 g/L), total triterpenoid saponin (92.6 mg/g DW), and polysaccharide (114.7 mg/g DW) contents were determined in the 1.5×SH medium. In addition, AR biomass and metabolite contents reached the maximum on day 42. The kinetic models for AR growth and triterpenoid and polysaccharide production were constructed, providing the basis for further optimization of culture conditions and large-scale culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Jilin, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Mei-Yu Jin
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Jilin, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Liu
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Jilin, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yu-Qing Guo
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Jilin, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Han-Xi Li
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Jilin, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Jilin, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Kee-Yeoup Peak
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuan-Chun Piao
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Jilin, Yanji 133002, China.
| | - Mei-Lan Lian
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Jilin, Yanji 133002, China.
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Kopoleva E, Lebedev MD, Postovalova A, Rogova A, Fatkhutdinova L, Epifanovskaya O, Goncharenko AA, Kremleva AV, Domracheva N, Bukatin AS, Muslimov AR, Koroleva A, Zhizhin EV, Lepik KV, Timin AS, Peltek O, Zyuzin MV. One-Pot Synthesis of Affordable Redox-Responsive Drug Delivery System Based on Trithiocyanuric Acid Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10811-10820. [PMID: 37988557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Redox-responsive drug delivery systems present a promising avenue for drug delivery due to their ability to leverage the unique redox environment within tumor cells. In this work, we describe a facile and cost-effective one-pot synthesis method for a redox-responsive delivery system based on novel trithiocyanuric acid (TTCA) nanoparticles (NPs). We conduct a thorough investigation of the impact of various synthesis parameters on the morphology, stability, and loading capacity of these NPs. The great drug delivery potential of the system is further demonstrated in vitro and in vivo by using doxorubicin as a model drug. The developed TTCA-PEG NPs show great drug delivery efficiency with minimal toxicity on their own both in vivo and in vitro. The simplicity of this synthesis, along with the promising characteristics of TTCA-PEG NPs, paves the way for new opportunities in the further development of redox-responsive drug delivery systems based on TTCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kopoleva
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Maksim D Lebedev
- Ivanovo State University of Chemical and Technology, Ivanovo 153000, Russian Federation
| | - Alisa Postovalova
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Rogova
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Landysh Fatkhutdinova
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Epifanovskaya
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, St. Petersburg 191144, Russian Federation
| | | | - Arina V Kremleva
- Institute of Advanced Data Transfer Systems, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda Domracheva
- Saint-Petersburg Chemical-Pharmaceutical University, St. Petersburg 197376, Russian Federation
| | - Anton S Bukatin
- Alferov University, St. Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation
- Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 198095, Russian Federation
| | - Albert R Muslimov
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, St. Petersburg 191144, Russian Federation
- Alferov University, St. Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg 197341, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandra Koroleva
- Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniy V Zhizhin
- Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill V Lepik
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute, Pavlov University, St. Petersburg 191144, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Timin
- Laboratory of nano- and microencapsulation of biologically active substances, Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation
| | - Oleksii Peltek
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V Zyuzin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
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Gębalski J, Małkowska M, Graczyk F, Słomka A, Piskorska E, Gawenda-Kempczyńska D, Kondrzycka-Dąda A, Bogucka-Kocka A, Strzemski M, Sowa I, Wójciak M, Grzyb S, Krolik K, Ptaszyńska AA, Załuski D. Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant and Anti-Enzymatic Activities of Selected Adaptogenic Plants from South America, Asia, and Africa. Molecules 2023; 28:6004. [PMID: 37630255 PMCID: PMC10457937 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that there are many studies related to the adaptogenic and pro-healthy activities of plant-based compounds, there are some adaptogenic plants whose activities are not fully known, especially those coming from the wild regions of Asia, Africa, and South America. The aim of these studies was to examine the contents of non-nutritional compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids in ten adaptogenic species (Astragalus membranaceus (AM), Uncaria rhynchophylla (UR), Polygonum multiflorum (PM), Angelica sinensis (AS), Andrographis paniculatea (AP), Tinospora cordifolia (TC), Uncaria tomentosa (UT), Pfaffia paniculate (PP), Sutherlandia frutescens (SF), and Rhaponticum carthamoides (RC)). Considering biological activity, their antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and ferrous-ion-chelating ability assays), anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-hyaluronidase, and anti-tyrosinase activities were evaluated. The richest in polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids was UR (327.78 mg GAE/g, 230.13 mg QE/g, and 81.03 mg CA/g, respectively). The highest inhibitions of acetylcholinesterase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase were observed for TC, UR, and PM, respectively. In the case of antioxidant properties, extract from PM appeared to most strongly reduce DPPH, extract from UR inhibited ABTS, and extract from SF showed the best chelating properties. It should be noted that a particularly interesting plant was Ulcaria rhynchophylla. The results mean that there were compounds in UR with broad biological activities, and this species should be explored in more detail. Additionally, our results justify the traditional use of these species in the nutripharmacological or ethnopharmacological care systems of different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Gębalski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (F.G.); (D.G.-K.)
| | - Milena Małkowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (F.G.); (D.G.-K.)
| | - Filip Graczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (F.G.); (D.G.-K.)
| | - Artur Słomka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Piskorska
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dorota Gawenda-Kempczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (F.G.); (D.G.-K.)
| | | | - Anna Bogucka-Kocka
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Strzemski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Grzyb
- College of Engineering and Health in Warsaw, Bitwy Warszawskiej 1920 r. 18 Str., 02-366 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystian Krolik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (F.G.); (D.G.-K.)
| | - Aneta A. Ptaszyńska
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Daniel Załuski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (F.G.); (D.G.-K.)
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Omolaoye TS, Skosana BT, du Plessis SS. The effect of Aspalathin linearis, Cyclopia intermedia and Sutherlandia frutescene on sperm functional parameters of healthy male wistar rats. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1211227. [PMID: 37351256 PMCID: PMC10282539 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1211227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Rooibos (Aspalathin linearis), honeybush (Cyclopia intermedia), and sutherlandia (Sutherlandia frutescene) are three Southern Africa indigenous plants, of which the extracts have become house-hold items and are consumed on a large scale. Although, they are known for their antioxidant properties, studies have highlighted danger in the excessive intake. Therefore, the current study investigated whether treatment with rooibos, honeybush, and sutherlandia will impact sperm functional parameters positively or otherwise, in healthy rats. Methods: Fourteen-week-old pathogen-free adult male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were randomly divided into four groups of ten, including a control, rooibos (RF), honeybush (HB) and a sutherlandia (SL) group. After 7 weeks of treatment, animals were sacrificed. Spermatozoa were retrieved from the cauda epididymis for motility, morphology and concentration analysis and the testis was used for all biochemical assays. Results: The infusion treated animals (RF, HB, and SL) presented with a non-significant decrease of -14.3%, -18.2%, -17.2% and -24.8%, -20.7%, -27.3% in total motility and progressive motility when compared to the control group, respectively. There was a significant increase in number of spermatozoa with slow speed (p = 0.03), especially in SL treated group compared to the control (p = 0.03). Additionally, there was an increase of 28.8%, 31.7%, 23% in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of RF, HB and SL compared to control, respectively. This was accompanied with a percentage decrease of -21.1%, -23.7%, 45.9% in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to the control group. Conclusion: In summary, animals treated with the respective infusions presented with a percentage increase in SOD activity but have reduced sperm motility and decreased normal morphology. Paradoxically, they presented with increased sperm concentration. Hence, it is presumed that rooibos, honeybush and sutherlandia may enhance sperm quantity (concentration) but may impair sperm quality (motility morphology) when consumed by healthy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo S. Omolaoye
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Bongekile T. Skosana
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Stefan S. du Plessis
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Mubaiwa B, Lerata MS, Sibuyi NRS, Meyer M, Samaai T, Bolton JJ, Antunes EM, Beukes DR. Green Synthesized sAuNPs as a Potential Delivery Platform for Cytotoxic Alkaloids. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1319. [PMID: 36770324 PMCID: PMC9920385 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of natural products as chemotherapeutic agents is well established. However, many are associated with undesirable side effects, including high toxicity and instability. Previous reports on the cytotoxic activity of pyrroloiminoquinones isolated from Latrunculid sponges against cancer cell lines revealed extraordinary activity at IC50 of 77nM for discorhabdins. Their general lack of selectivity against the cancer and normal cell lines, however, precludes further development. In this study, extraction of a South African Latrunculid sponge produced three known pyrroloiminoquinone metabolites (14-bromodiscorhabdin C (5), Tsitsikammamine A (6) and B (7)). The assignment of the structures was established using standard 1D and 2D NMR experiments. To mitigate the lack of selectivity, the compounds were loaded onto gold nanoparticles synthesized using the aqueous extract of a brown seaweed, Sargassum incisifolium (sAuNPs). The cytotoxicity of the metabolites alone, and their sAuNP conjugates, were evaluated together with the known anticancer agent doxorubicin and its AuNP conjugate. The compound-AuNP conjugates retained their strong cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 cell line, with >90% of the pyrroloiminoquinone-loaded AuNPs penetrating the cell membrane. Loading cytotoxic natural products onto AuNPs provides an avenue in overcoming some issues hampering the development of new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Mubaiwa
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Mookho S. Lerata
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Nicole R. S. Sibuyi
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (DST/Mintek NIC), Bio-Labels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Mervin Meyer
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (DST/Mintek NIC), Bio-Labels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Toufiek Samaai
- Department of Environmental Affairs (Oceans and Coasts), Cape Town 8000, South Africa
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - John J. Bolton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Edith M. Antunes
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Denzil R. Beukes
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Yue WG, Yin S, Ding Y, Lin Z, Li Y. Quercus salicina Blume: Research progress in chemistry and pharmacodynamics (1959-2021). Chem Biodivers 2021; 19:e202100777. [PMID: 34964251 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The crude extracts of different parts (leaves and shoots) of Quercus salicina Blume (QS) have shown considerable effect in urolithiasis. QS has been widely used in clinical practice and has attracted great research interest The relevant published literature, however, reveals only partial education of its chemical components and bio-active mechanisms, and only two review papers have summarized the QS research progress. In this review, a comprehensive and systematic review of chemistry and pharmacodynamics of QS was carried out using the international authoritative databases (1959-2021), focusing on phenols and flavonoids, and their effect such as urinary stone dissolution, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, anti-bacterial, antioxidant, and anti-allergy activities as well as toxic effects .The aim of review is to provide the most recent and effective literature support for further basic research and application development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Guang Yue
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School Of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1035 Boshuo Road, Jingyue national high tech Industrial Development Zone, Changc, 130117, Changchun city, CHINA
| | - Shuanghui Yin
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1035 Boshuo Road, Jingyue national high tech Industrial Development Zone, Changc, 130117, Changchun city, CHINA
| | - Yuling Ding
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1035 Boshuo Road, Jingyue national high tech Industrial Development Zone, Changc, 130117, Changchun city, CHINA
| | - Zhe Lin
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1035 Boshuo Road, Jingyue national high tech Industrial Development Zone, Changc, 130117, Changchun city, CHINA
| | - Yong Li
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1035 Boshuo Road, Jingyue national high tech Industrial Development Zone, Changc, 130117, Maanshan, CHINA
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Selected Kefir Water from Malaysia Attenuates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress by Upregulating Endogenous Antioxidant Levels in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060940. [PMID: 34200854 PMCID: PMC8230435 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Kefir, a fermented probiotic drink was tested for its potential anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective effects to attenuate cellular oxidative stress on human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Here, the antioxidant potentials of the six different kefir water samples were analysed by total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assays, whereas the anti-apoptotic activity on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced SH-SY5Y cells was examined using MTT, AO/PI double staining, and PI/Annexin V-FITC assays. The surface and internal morphological features of SH-SY5Y cells were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that Kefir B showed the higher TPC (1.96 ± 0.54 µg GAE/µL), TFC (1.09 ± 0.02 µg CAT eq/µL), FRAP (19.68 ± 0.11 mM FRAP eq/50 µL), and DPPH (0.45 ± 0.06 mg/mL) activities compared to the other kefir samples. The MTT and PI/Annexin V-FITC assays showed that Kefir B pre-treatment at 10 mg/mL for 48 h resulted in greater cytoprotection (97.04%), and a significantly lower percentage of necrotic cells (7.79%), respectively. The Kefir B pre-treatment also resulted in greater protection to cytoplasmic and cytoskeleton inclusion, along with the conservation of the surface morphological features and the overall integrity of SH-SY5Y cells. Our findings indicate that the anti-oxidative, anti-apoptosis, and neuroprotective effects of kefir were mediated via the upregulation of SOD and catalase, as well as the modulation of apoptotic genes (Tp73, Bax, and Bcl-2).
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Omolaoye TS, Windvogel SL, Du Plessis SS. The Effect of Rooibos ( Aspalathus linearis), Honeybush ( Cyclopia intermedia) and Sutherlandia ( Lessertia frutescens) on Testicular Insulin Signalling in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Wistar Rats. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1267-1280. [PMID: 33776463 PMCID: PMC7989961 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s285025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular insulin signalling is altered in diabetic (DM) males. While unravelling the mechanism through which DM exert these detrimental effects, studies have shown the importance of insulin regulation in glucose homeostasis, and how a lack in insulin secretion indirectly led to reduced male fertility. The current study aimed to investigate the role of rooibos, honeybush and Sutherlandia on insulin signalling in the testicular tissue of type I diabetic rats. METHODS Animals (n=60) were randomly divided into six groups. The groups include a control group, a vehicle group, and diabetes was induced in the remainder of animals via a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ at 45mg/kg. The remaining four groups included a diabetic control (DC), diabetic + rooibos (DRF), diabetic + honeybush (DHB) and diabetic + Sutherlandia group (DSL). Animals were sacrificed after seven weeks of treatment, and blood and testes were collected. RESULTS All diabetic groups (DC, DRF, DHB, DSL) presented with a significant increase in blood glucose levels after diabetes induction compared to the control and vehicle (p<0.001). The DC animals presented with decreased testicular protein expression of IRS-1, PkB/Akt and GLUT4 compared to controls. DRF and DHB animals displayed an acute upregulation in IRS-1, while the DSL group showed improvement in IRS-2 compared to DC. Although, DRF animals presented with a decrease in PkB/Akt, DHB and DSL animals displayed upregulation (22.3%, 48%) compared to controls, respectively. CONCLUSION The results taken together, it can be suggested that these infusions may enhance insulin signalling through diverse pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo S Omolaoye
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shantal Lynn Windvogel
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stefan S Du Plessis
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: Stefan S Du Plessis Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O. Box 505055, Dubai, 505055, United Arab Emirates Email
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Bae G, Chung MW, Ji SG, Jaouen F, Choi CH. pH Effect on the H2O2-Induced Deactivation of Fe-N-C Catalysts. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geunsu Bae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 61005 Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Wook Chung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 61005 Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gu Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 61005 Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Chang Hyuck Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 61005 Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Zonyane S, Fawole OA, la Grange C, Stander MA, Opara UL, Makunga NP. The Implication of Chemotypic Variation on the Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Cancer Activities of Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R.Br. (Fabaceae) from Different Geographic Locations. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E152. [PMID: 32069826 PMCID: PMC7070296 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracts of Sutherlandia frutescens (cancer bush) exhibit considerable qualitative and quantitative chemical variability depending on their natural wild origins. The purpose of this study was thus to determine bioactivity of extracts from different regions using in vitro antioxidant and anti-cancer assays. Extracts of the species are complex and are predominantly composed of a species-specific set of triterpene saponins (cycloartanol glycosides), the sutherlandiosides, and flavonoids (quercetin and kaempferol glycosides), the sutherlandins. For the Folin-Ciocalteu phenolics test values of 93.311 to 125.330 mg GAE/g DE were obtained. The flavonoids ranged from 54.831 to 66.073 mg CE/g DE using the aluminum chloride assay. Extracts from different sites were also assayed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging method and ferric reducing anti-oxidant power (FRAP) methods. This was followed by an in vitro Cell Titer-Glo viability assay of various ecotypes using the DLD-1 colon cancer cell line. All test extracts displayed anti-oxidant activity through the DPPH• radical scavenging mechanism, with IC50 values ranging from 3.171 to 7.707 µg·mL-1. However, the degree of anti-oxidant effects differed on a chemotypic basis with coastal plants from Gansbaai and Pearly Beach (Western Cape) exhibiting superior activity whereas the Victoria West inland group from the Northern Cape, consistently showed the weakest anti-oxidant activity for both the DPPH• and FRAP methods. All extracts showed cytotoxicity on DLD-1 colon cancer cells at the test concentration of 200 µg·mL-1 but Sutherlandia plants from Colesburg (Northern Cape) exhibited the highest anti-cancer activity. These findings confirm that S. frutescens specimens display variability in their bioactive capacities based on their natural location, illustrating the importance of choosing relevant ecotypes for medicinal purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samkele Zonyane
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Merriman Avenue, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (S.Z.); (C.l.G.)
| | - Olaniyi A. Fawole
- South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, Department of Horticultural Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Merriman Avenue, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (O.A.F.); (U.L.O.)
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Chris la Grange
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Merriman Avenue, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (S.Z.); (C.l.G.)
| | - Maria A. Stander
- Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Merriman Avenue, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
| | - Umezuruike L. Opara
- South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, Department of Horticultural Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Merriman Avenue, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (O.A.F.); (U.L.O.)
| | - Nokwanda P. Makunga
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Merriman Avenue, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (S.Z.); (C.l.G.)
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11
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Polyphenol-associated oxidative stress and inflammation in a model of LPS-induced inflammation in glial cells: do we know enough for responsible compounding? Inflammopharmacology 2018; 27:189-197. [PMID: 30547263 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cyanidin and chlorogenic acid are polyphenols from plant origin that are present in many common fruits, particularly in berries. To corroborate the protective or detrimental effects of both compounds from a neuro-inflammatory perspective, in vitro experiments were carried out in human astrocytes (U-373). Astrocytes were pre-treated with a range of concentrations of either cyanidin, chlorogenic acid or a combined treatment for a period of 30 min, before exposure to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge for 23.5 h, after which cytotoxicity (propidium iodide exclusion assay), cytoprotective effects (XTT assay) and effects on functional capacity (secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and MCP-1) were evaluated. No treatment resulted in cytotoxicity, but high dose (20 µg/mL) LPS significantly reduced mitochondrial reductive capacity (p < 0.001). This effect was prevented in a dose-dependent manner by both cyanidin and chlorogenic acid, as well as by the combination treatment. However, in the absence of LPS, IL-6 secretion was significantly increased in response to 2 µM of either cyanidin or chlorogenic acid (both p < 0.0001), as well as the combination treatment (p < 0.01). MCP-1 secretion followed a similar trend, but did not reach statistical significance. Although we acknowledge the requirement for in vivo investigations to validate our interpretations, current data highlight the potential risk for antioxidant toxicity that is linked to high dose supplementation with single compound antioxidants. Research focused at elucidating synergistic effects between different antioxidants is required to minimise risk of adverse effects.
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12
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Jaafaru MS, Nordin N, Shaari K, Rosli R, Abdull Razis AF. Isothiocyanate from Moringa oleifera seeds mitigates hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity and preserved morphological features of human neuronal cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196403. [PMID: 29723199 PMCID: PMC5933767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are well known for induction of oxidative stress conditions through oxidation of vital biomarkers leading to cellular death via apoptosis and other process, thereby causing devastative effects on the host organs. This effect is believed to be linked with pathological alterations seen in several neurodegenerative disease conditions. Many phytochemical compounds proved to have robust antioxidant activities that deterred cells against cytotoxic stress environment, thus protect apoptotic cell death. In view of that we studied the potential of glucomoringin-isothiocyanate (GMG-ITC) or moringin to mitigate the process that lead to neurodegeneration in various ways. Neuroprotective effect of GMG-ITC was performed on retinoic acid (RA) induced differentiated neuroblastoma cells (SHSY5Y) via cell viability assay, flow cytometry analysis and fluorescence microscopy by means of acridine orange and propidium iodide double staining, to evaluate the anti-apoptotic activity and morphology conservation ability of the compound. Additionally, neurite surface integrity and ultrastructural analysis were carried out by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy to assess the orientation of surface and internal features of the treated neuronal cells. GMG-ITC pre-treated neuron cells showed significant resistance to H2O2-induced apoptotic cell death, revealing high level of protection by the compound. Increase of intracellular oxidative stress induced by H2O2 was mitigated by GMG-ITC. Thus, pre-treatment with the compound conferred significant protection to cytoskeleton and cytoplasmic inclusion coupled with conservation of surface morphological features and general integrity of neuronal cells. Therefore, the collective findings in the presence study indicated the potentials of GMG-ITC to protect the integrity of neuron cells against induced oxidative-stress related cytotoxic processes, the hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sani Jaafaru
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaduna State University, Main Campus, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Product, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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13
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Smith C. Natural antioxidants in prevention of accelerated ageing: a departure from conventional paradigms required. J Physiol Biochem 2018. [PMID: 29541947 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The modern lifestyle is characterised by various factors that cause accelerating ageing by the upregulation of oxidative stress and inflammation-two processes that are inextricably linked in an endless circle of self-propagation. Inflammation in particular is commonly accepted as aetiological factor in many chronic disease states, such as obesity, diabetes and depression. In terms of disease prevention or treatment, interventions aimed at changing dietary and/or exercise habits have had limited success in practise, mostly due to poor long-term compliance. Furthermore, other primary stimuli responsible for eliciting an oxidative stress or inflammatory response-e.g. psychological stress and anxiety-cannot always be easily addressed. Thus, preventive medicine aimed at countering the oxidative stress and/or inflammatory responses has become of interest. Especially in developing countries, such as South Africa, the option of development of effective strategies from plants warrants further investigation. A brief overview of the most relevant and promising South African plants which have been identified in the context of inflammation, oxidative stress and chronic disease is provided here. In addition, and more specifically, our group and others have shown considerable beneficial effects across many models, after treatment with products derived from grapes. Of particular interest, specific cellular mechanisms have been identified as therapeutic targets of grape-derived polyphenols in the context of inflammation and oxidative stress. The depth of these studies afforded some additional insights, related to methodological considerations pertaining to animal vs. human models in natural product research, which may address the current tendency for generally poor translation of positive animal model results into human in vivo models. The importance of considering individual data vs. group averages in this context is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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14
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Mmola M, Roes-Hill ML, Durrell K, Bolton JJ, Sibuyi N, Meyer ME, Beukes DR, Antunes E. Enhanced Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Synthesised Using Sargassum incisifolium Aqueous Extracts. Molecules 2016; 21:E1633. [PMID: 27918447 PMCID: PMC6273965 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed, methodical approach was used to synthesise silver and gold nanoparticles using two differently prepared aqueous extracts of the brown algae Sargassum incisifolium. The efficiency of the extracts in producing nanoparticles were compared to commercially available brown algal fucoidans, a major constituent of brown algal aqueous extracts. The nanoparticles were characterised using TEM, XRD and UV/Vis spectroscopy and zeta potential measurements. The rate of nanoparticle formation was assessed using UV/Vis spectroscopy and related to the size, shape and morphology of the nanoparticles as revealed by TEM. The antioxidant, reducing power and total polyphenolic contents of the aqueous extracts and fucoidans were determined, revealing that the aqueous extracts with the highest contents produced smaller, spherical, more monodisperse nanoparticles at a faster rate. The nanoparticles were assessed against two gram-negative bacteria, two gram-positive bacteria and one yeast strain. In contrast to the literature, the silver nanoparticles produced using the aqueous extracts were particularly toxic to Gram-negative bacteria, while the gold nanoparticles lacked activity. The cytotoxic activity of the nanoparticles was also evaluated against cancerous (HT-29, MCF-7) and non-cancerous (MCF-12a) cell lines. The silver nanoparticles displayed selectivity, since the MCF-12a cell line was found to be resistant to the nanoparticles, while the cancerous HT-29 cell line was found to be sensitive (10% viability). The gold nanoparticles displayed negligible toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokone Mmola
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Marilize Le Roes-Hill
- Biocatalysis and Technical Biology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Kim Durrell
- Biocatalysis and Technical Biology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - John J Bolton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - Nicole Sibuyi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Mervin E Meyer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Denzil R Beukes
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Edith Antunes
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
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15
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de Araújo GR, Rabelo ACS, Meira JS, Rossoni-Júnior JV, Castro-Borges WD, Guerra-Sá R, Batista MA, Silveira-Lemos DD, Souza GHBD, Brandão GC, Chaves MM, Costa DC. Baccharis trimera inhibits reactive oxygen species production through PKC and down-regulation p47 phox phosphorylation of NADPH oxidase in SK Hep-1 cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 242:333-343. [PMID: 28103717 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216672749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Baccharis trimera, popularly known as "carqueja", is a native South-American plant possessing a high concentration of polyphenolic compounds and therefore high antioxidant potential. Despite the antioxidant potential described for B. trimera, there are no reports concerning the signaling pathways involved in this process. So, the aim of the present study was to assess the influence of B. trimera on the modulation of PKC signaling pathway and to characterize the effect of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase enzyme (NOX) on the generation of reactive oxygen species in SK Hep-1 cells. SK-Hep 1 cells were treated with B. trimera, quercetin, or rutin and then stimulated or not with PMA/ionomycin and labeled with carboxy H2DCFDA for detection of reactive oxygen species by flow cytometer. The PKC expression by Western blot and enzyme activity was performed to evaluate the influence of B. trimera and quercetin on PKC signaling pathway. p47 phox and p47 phox phosphorylated expression was performed by Western blot to evaluate the influence of B. trimera on p47 phox phosphorylation. The results showed that cells stimulated with PMA/ionomycin (activators of PKC) showed significantly increased reactive oxygen species production, and this production returned to baseline levels after treatment with DPI (NOX inhibitor). Both B. trimera and quercetin modulated reactive oxygen species production through the inhibition of PKC protein expression and enzymatic activity, also with inhibition of p47 phox phosphorylation. Taken together, these results suggest that B. trimera has a potential mechanism for inhibiting reactive oxygen species production through the PKC signaling pathway and inhibition subunit p47 phox phosphorylation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucy Rodrigues de Araújo
- 1 Center for Research in Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Janaína Serenato Meira
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Joamyr Victor Rossoni-Júnior
- 1 Center for Research in Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - William de Castro-Borges
- 1 Center for Research in Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, Brazil.,2 Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Renata Guerra-Sá
- 1 Center for Research in Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, Brazil.,2 Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Maurício Azevedo Batista
- 3 Postgraduate Program in Parasitology, Immunology Laboratory and Genomic Parasites, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Denise da Silveira-Lemos
- 3 Postgraduate Program in Parasitology, Immunology Laboratory and Genomic Parasites, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Bianco de Souza
- 1 Center for Research in Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, Brazil.,4 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences - DEFAR, Program Postgraduate Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIPHARMA), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Célio Brandão
- 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences - DEFAR, Program Postgraduate Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIPHARMA), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Míriam Martins Chaves
- 5 Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniela Caldeira Costa
- 1 Center for Research in Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, Brazil.,2 Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, Brazil
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16
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Lin L, Ren L, Wen L, Wang Y, Qi J. Effect of evodiamine on the proliferation and apoptosis of A549 human lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2832-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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17
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Folk WR, Smith A, Song H, Chuang D, Cheng J, Gu Z, Sun G. Does Concurrent Use of Some Botanicals Interfere with Treatment of Tuberculosis? Neuromolecular Med 2016; 18:483-6. [PMID: 27155670 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-016-8402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Millions of individuals with active TB do not receive recommended treatments, and instead may use botanicals, or use botanicals concurrently with established treatments. Many botanicals protect against oxidative stress, but this can interfere with redox-dependent activation of isoniazid and other prodrugs used for prophylaxis and treatment of TB, as suggested by results of a recent clinical trial of the South African botanical Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R. Br. (Sutherlandia). Here we provide a brief summary of Sutherlandia's effects upon rodent microglia and neurons relevant to tuberculosis of the central nervous system (CNS-TB). We have observed that ethanolic extracts of Sutherlandia suppress production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rat primary cortical neurons stimulated by NMDA and also suppress LPS- and interferon γ (IFNγ)-induced ROS and nitric oxide (NO) production by microglial cells. Sutherlandia consumption mitigates microglial activation in the hippocampus and striatum of ischemic brains of mice. RNAseq analysis indicates that Sutherlandia suppresses gene expression of oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling and toll-like receptor pathways that can reduce the host's immune response to infection and reactivation of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. As a precautionary measure, we recommend that individuals receiving isoniazid for pulmonary or cerebral TB, be advised not to concurrently use botanicals or dietary supplements having antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Folk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Aaron Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Hailong Song
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neurosciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Dennis Chuang
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neurosciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jianlin Cheng
- Department of Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zezong Gu
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neurosciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Grace Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Center for Translational Neurosciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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18
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Ajit D, Simonyi A, Li R, Chen Z, Hannink M, Fritsche KL, Mossine VV, Smith RE, Dobbs TK, Luo R, Folk WR, Gu Z, Lubahn DB, Weisman GA, Sun GY. Phytochemicals and botanical extracts regulate NF-κB and Nrf2/ARE reporter activities in DI TNC1 astrocytes. Neurochem Int 2016; 97:49-56. [PMID: 27166148 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory responses associated with neurodegenerative diseases has drawn considerable attention towards understanding the transcriptional signaling pathways involving NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) and Nrf2 (Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-like 2). Our recent studies with immortalized murine microglial cells (BV-2) demonstrated effects of botanical polyphenols to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and enhance Nrf2-mediated antioxidant responses (Sun et al., 2015). In this study, an immortalized rat astrocyte (DI TNC1) cell line expressing a luciferase reporter driven by the NF-κB or the Nrf2/Antioxidant Response Element (ARE) promoter was used to assess regulation of these two pathways by phytochemicals such as quercetin, rutin, cyanidin, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, as well as botanical extracts from Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Sutherlandia frutescens (Sutherlandia) and Euterpe oleracea (Açaí). Quercetin effectively inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB reporter activity and stimulated Nrf2/ARE reporter activity in DI TNC1 astrocytes. Cyanidin and the glycosides showed similar effects but only at much higher concentrations. All three botanical extracts effectively inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB reporter activity. These extracts were capable of enhancing ARE activity by themselves and further enhanced ARE activity in the presence of LPS. Quercetin and botanical extracts induced Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression. Interestingly, Ashwagandha extract was more active in inducing Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in DI TNC1 astrocytes as compared to Sutherlandia and Açaí extracts. In summary, this study demonstrated NF-kB and Nrf2/ARE promoter activities in DI TNC1 astrocytes, and further showed differences in ability for specific botanical polyphenols and extracts to down-regulate LPS-induced NF-kB and up-regulate the NRF2/ARE activities in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Ajit
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Agnes Simonyi
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Runting Li
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Zihong Chen
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mark Hannink
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kevin L Fritsche
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Valeri V Mossine
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Rensheng Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William R Folk
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Zezong Gu
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Dennis B Lubahn
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Gary A Weisman
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Grace Y Sun
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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19
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Lei W, Browning JD, Eichen PA, Brownstein KJ, Folk WR, Sun GY, Lubahn DB, Rottinghaus GE, Fritsche KL. Unveiling the anti-inflammatory activity of Sutherlandia frutescens using murine macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:254-262. [PMID: 26585972 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sutherlandia frutescens is a botanical widely used in southern Africa for treatment of inflammatory and other conditions. Previously, an ethanolic extract of S. frutescens (SFE) has been shown to inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) by murine neurons and a microglia cell line (BV-2 cells). In this study we sought to confirm the anti-inflammatory activities of SFE on a widely used murine macrophage cell line (i.e., RAW 264.7 cells) and primary mouse macrophages. Furthermore, experiments were conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the flavonol and cycloartanol glycosides found in high quantities in S. frutescens. While the SFE exhibited anti-inflammatory activities upon murine macrophages similar to that reported with the microglia cell line, this effect does not appear to be mediated by sutherlandiosides or sutherlandins. In contrast, chlorophyll in our extracts appeared to be partly responsible for some of the activity observed in our macrophage-dependent screening assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lei
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jimmy D Browning
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Peggy A Eichen
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Korey J Brownstein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - William R Folk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Grace Y Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Dennis B Lubahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - George E Rottinghaus
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Kevin L Fritsche
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Lei W, Browning JD, Eichen PA, Lu CH, Mossine VV, Rottinghaus GE, Folk WR, Sun GY, Lubahn DB, Fritsche KL. Immuno-stimulatory activity of a polysaccharide-enriched fraction of Sutherlandia frutescens occurs by the toll-like receptor-4 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 172:247-253. [PMID: 26096188 PMCID: PMC4523454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R. Br. is an indigenous plant of southern Africa that has been traditionally used for various cancers, infections, and inflammatory conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY Our aim was to investigate the potential immuno-stimulatory activity of a polysaccharide-enriched fraction (SFPS) from a decoction of S. frutescens. MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW 264.7 cells (a murine macrophage cell line) were used to determine the activities of SFPS on macrophage function. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated in the cells treated with or without SFPS. CLI-095, a toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-specific inhibitor, was used to identify whether or not SFPS exerts its effects through TLR4. An antagonist of endotoxin, polymyxin B, was used to evaluate whether endotoxin present in SFPS contributed to its immune-stimulatory activity. RESULTS SFPS exhibited potent immune-stimulatory activity by macrophages. The production of ROS, NO, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were increased upon exposure to SFPS in a dose-dependent manner. All of these activities were completely blocked by co-treatment with CLI-095, but only partially diminished by polymyxin B. CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the first time potent immune-stimulatory activity in a decoction prepared from S. frutescens. We believe that this immune stimulatory activity is due, in part, to the action of polysaccharides present in the decoction that acts by way of TLR4 receptors and the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway. These findings provide a plausible mechanism through which we can understand some of the medicinal properties of S. frutescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lei
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jimmy D Browning
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Peggy A Eichen
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Chi-Hua Lu
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Valeri V Mossine
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - George E Rottinghaus
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - William R Folk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Grace Y Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Dennis B Lubahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Kevin L Fritsche
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Wilson D, Goggin K, Williams K, Gerkovich MM, Gqaleni N, Syce J, Bartman P, Johnson Q, Folk WR. Consumption of Sutherlandia frutescens by HIV-Seropositive South African Adults: An Adaptive Double-Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128522. [PMID: 26186450 PMCID: PMC4506018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R. Br. is widely used as an over the counter complementary medicine and in traditional medications by HIV seropositive adults living in South Africa; however the plant's safety has not been objectively studied. An adaptive two-stage randomized double-blind placebo controlled study was used to evaluate the safety of consuming dried S. frutescens by HIV seropositive adults with CD4 T-lymphocyte count of >350 cells/μL. METHODS In Stage 1 56 participants were randomized to S. frutescens 400, 800 or 1,200 mg twice daily or matching placebo for 24 weeks. In Stage 2 77 additional participants were randomized to either 1,200 mg S. frutescens or placebo. In the final analysis data from Stage 1 and Stage 2 were combined such that 107 participants were analysed (54 in the S. frutescens 1,200 mg arm and 53 in the placebo arm). RESULTS S. frutescens did not change HIV viral load, and CD4 T-lymphocyte count was similar in the two arms at 24 weeks; however, mean and total burden of infection (BOI; defined as days of infection-related events in each participant) was greater in the S. frutescens arm: mean (SD) 5.0 (5.5) vs. 9.0 (12.7) days (p = 0.045), attributed to two tuberculosis cases in subjects taking isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT). CONCLUSION A possible interaction between S. frutescens and IPT needs further evaluation, and may presage antagonistic interactions with other herbs having similar biochemical (antioxidant) properties. No other safety issues relating to consumption of S. frutescens in this cohort were identified. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00549523.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kathy Goggin
- Health Services and Outcomes Research, Children’s Mercy Hospital and Clinics, University of Missouri-Kansas City Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Karen Williams
- Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Mary M. Gerkovich
- Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Nceba Gqaleni
- AIK Innovations (Pty) Ltd, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - James Syce
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Patricia Bartman
- Department of Internal Medicine Research Unit, Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Quinton Johnson
- George Campus, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, George, South Africa
| | - William R. Folk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
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