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Lakeman R. A file audit of gym usage in an Australian private inpatient psychiatric hospital. Australas Psychiatry 2024; 32:74-78. [PMID: 38105642 PMCID: PMC10809721 DOI: 10.1177/10398562231222835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the extent to which people admitted to a private psychiatric inpatient unit access and utilise the gymnasium and individualised coaching with an exercise physiologist (EP). METHODS An audit of the medical record of 100 consecutive discharges and 60 individuals referred to an EP during the audit period was undertaken. Selected demographic information, physical health status, psychiatric diagnosis and routinely collected outcome data were extracted from files. RESULTS Twenty-four percent of people discharged from the hospital had documentary evidence of having attended the gym. These people were noted to have used the gym regularly and had an exercise prescription documented on discharge. Those with substance use disorder were more likely to use the gym than those diagnosed with an affective disorder. There were no significant differences in outcomes between those who were noted to exercise and those who did not. CONCLUSION Those who may most benefit from coaching around exercise in the context of hospital admission are not presently the individuals most likely to be referred to an EP. Standardised procedures for assessment, referral, exercise prescription and ongoing monitoring of activity and outcomes are recommended across the care continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lakeman
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, QLD, Australia
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2
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Sedentary behaviour, but not moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, is associated with respiratory responses to acute psychological stress. Biol Psychol 2023; 177:108510. [PMID: 36716988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute psychological stress induces respiratory responses, and stress-induced respiratory changes can be used to non-invasively reflect metabolic regulation. Respiratory and cardiovascular responses to stress are both driven by sympathetic mechanisms. Higher volumes of sedentary behaviour and lower volumes of physical activity are associated with elevated sympathetic tone and larger cardiovascular responses to stress. The aim of this study was to test whether these associations translate to measures of respiratory stress reactivity. METHODS Daily hours of sedentary behaviour (thigh-mounted activPAL) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; wrist-mounted ActiGraph) were assessed across seven days. Breath-by-breath respiratory (e.g., breathing frequency [BF], end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure [PetCO2], carbon dioxide output [V̇CO2] and respiratory exchange ratio [RER]) responses to an 8-min Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test were then measured using a Cortex MetaLyzer3B. RESULTS Healthy participants (N = 61, mean age ± SD = 25.7 ± 8.9 years) recorded high volumes of sedentary behaviour (9.96 ± 1.48 h/day) and MVPA (1.70 ± 0.71 h/day). In adjusted models (with the inclusion of sedentary behaviour, MVPA, and other a priori selected covariates) hours of daily sedentary behaviour were associated with baseline to stress changes in BF (Β = 0.695, 95% CI = 0.281 - 1.109, p = .014), VT (Β = -0.042, 95% CI = -0.058 - -0.026, p = .014), PetCO2 (Β = -0.537, 95% CI = -0.829 - -0.245, p = .014), V̇CO2 (Β = -0.008, 95% CI = -0.014 - -0.003, p = .030), and RER (Β = -0.013, 95% CI = -0.021 - -0.005, p = .022). Daily hours of MVPA were not linked with respiratory responses to stress. DISCUSSION Sedentary behaviour, but not MVPA, is associated with respiratory stress reactivity. Future work should untangle the underlying mechanisms of these findings and explore the consequences for cardiometabolic disease.
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Bobba-Alves N, Juster RP, Picard M. The energetic cost of allostasis and allostatic load. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 146:105951. [PMID: 36302295 PMCID: PMC10082134 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chronic psychosocial stress increases disease risk and mortality, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here we outline an energy-based model for the transduction of chronic stress into disease over time. The energetic model of allostatic load (EMAL) emphasizes the energetic cost of allostasis and allostatic load, where the "load" is the additional energetic burden required to support allostasis and stress-induced energy needs. Living organisms have a limited capacity to consume energy. Overconsumption of energy by allostatic brain-body processes leads to hypermetabolism, defined as excess energy expenditure above the organism's optimum. In turn, hypermetabolism accelerates physiological decline in cells, laboratory animals, and humans, and may drive biological aging. Therefore, we propose that the transition from adaptive allostasis to maladaptive allostatic states, allostatic load, and allostatic overload arises when the added energetic cost of stress competes with longevity-promoting growth, maintenance, and repair. Mechanistically, the energetic restriction of growth, maintenance and repair processes leads to the progressive wear-and-tear of molecular and organ systems. The proposed model makes testable predictions around the physiological, cellular, and sub-cellular energetic mechanisms that transduce chronic stress into disease risk and mortality. We also highlight new avenues to quantify allostatic load and its link to health across the lifespan, via the integration of systemic and cellular energy expenditure measurements together with classic allostatic load biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bobba-Alves
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Center on Sex⁎Gender, Allostasis, and Resilience, Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Picard
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Schulz S, Stritter W, Gross MM, Miltner D, Rapp D, Wilde B, Eggert A, Schroeder R, Voss A, Seifert G. Quantification of Cardiovascular Regulation Applying Heart Rate Variability Analyses for Different Warm and Moist Chest Compresses in Healthy Subjects. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2022; 28:268-277. [PMID: 35244456 PMCID: PMC8971996 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2021.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: In integrative medicine, complementary healing methods, such as external applications (massages, rhythmic rubs, and compresses), are part of the practice and clinical application and have proven their therapeutic effect in various fields. Objective: Aim of this exploratory, controlled, single-blinded study was to investigate the effects of three different warming chest compresses on cardiovascular regulation by analyzing heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy subjects. Methods: Over a period of 4 weeks, three different warming chest compresses (a hot water compress, a ginger powder compress, and a mustard flour compress) in 30 healthy subjects were analyzed. For all subjects, 48-h long-term electrocardiograms were recorded, and afterward, epochs of 5 min length extracted and analyzed by different linear and nonlinear HRV indices. Results: A moist chest compress did not result in any significant short- and long-term stimulation of the autonomic regulation, except for a short-term significant decrease in heart rate (meanNN, p < 0.05). Warm and moist chest compresses with ginger flour led to significantly increased HRV (sdNN, p < 0.05; symbolic dynamics2, p < 0.05) and its complexity (renyi4 entropy, p < 0.05) and a significant decrease in heart rate (meanNN, p < 0.00036), and thus to a short-term relaxation effect. In contrast, warm and moist chest compresses with mustard flour led to significantly decreased HRV and their complexity (time-, frequency-, and nonlinear dynamics domain, p < 0.00036), which can be interpreted as a stress reaction of the autonomous nervous system. Conclusions: The application of chest compresses led to short-term relaxation effects (ginger) as well as short-term stress effects (mustard) but not to any significant longer-term effect on HRV in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Schulz
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wiebke Stritter
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Michelle Gross
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Doris Rapp
- Clinic for Anthroposophic Medicine, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhöhe, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Wilde
- Clinic for Anthroposophic Medicine, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhöhe, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Eggert
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Voss
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, University of Technology Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Georg Seifert
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Address correspondence to: Georg Seifert, MD, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik für Pädiatrie m.S. Onkologie/Hämatologie/SZT, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany
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5
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Hüttenrauch M, Lopez-Noguerola JS, Castro-Obregón S. Connecting Mind-Body Therapy-Mediated Effects to Pathological Features of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:S65-S90. [PMID: 33044183 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that represents a major and increasing global health challenge. In most cases, the first clinical symptoms of AD are preceded by neuropathological changes in the brain that develop years to decades before their onset. Therefore, research in the last years has focused on this preclinical stage of AD trying to discover intervention strategies that might, if implemented effectively, delay or prevent disease progression. Among those strategies, mind-body therapies such as yoga and meditation have gained increasing interest as complementary alternative interventions. Several studies have reported a positive impact of yoga and meditation on brain health in both healthy older adults and dementia patients. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms contributing to these effects are currently not known in detail. More specifically, it is not known whether yogic interventions, directly or indirectly, can modulate risk factors or pathological mechanisms involved in the development of dementia. In this article, we first review the literature on the effects of yogic practices on outcomes such as cognitive functioning and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Then, we analyze how yogic interventions affect different risk factors as well as aspects of AD pathophysiology based on observations of studies in healthy individuals or subjects with other conditions than dementia. Finally, we integrate this evidence and propose possible mechanisms that might explain the positive effects of yogic interventions in cognitively impaired individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Hüttenrauch
- División de Neurosciencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Sócrates Lopez-Noguerola
- Área Académica de Gerontología, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca de Soto, México
| | - Susana Castro-Obregón
- División de Neurosciencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
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6
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Upadhyay P, Narayanan S, Khera T, Kelly L, Mathur PA, Shanker A, Novack L, Sadhasivam S, Hoffman KA, Pérez-Robles R, Subramaniam B. Perceived stress, resilience, well-being, and COVID 19 response in Isha yoga practitioners compared to matched controls: A research protocol. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2021; 22:100788. [PMID: 34056143 PMCID: PMC8139364 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic has been a significant stressor worldwide and reports of psychological distress, depression, sedentary lifestyles, and overall decreased wellbeing are increasing. Yoga practices have been found to improve mental and physical health. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to compare Isha yoga practitioners to controls on perceived stress, resilience, wellbeing, and protection and recovery from COVID-19. Trial Design. In this prospective randomized control trial, the effects of yoga practices are being compared between seasoned yoga practitioners with two controls who are age (±3 years), gender matched, and living in the same neighborhood. Methods Participants will be asked to complete a series of web-based surveys at baseline, six weeks, and 12 weeks. These surveys include validated scales and objective questions on COVID-19 infection and medical history. The validated questionnaires assess stress, mood states, resilience, and overall wellbeing. Questionnaires, weekly activity diaries, and medical history, will be collected using REDCap. Results We hypothesize that routine yoga practice during the COVID-19 pandemic will reduce stress, enhance well-being, and provide protective effects against COVID-19. Conclusion With the growing concern about the physical and mental impacts of COVID-19 and increased interest in alternative practices such as yogic practices, this study will contribute to the growing body of evidence about the safety and efficacy of yoga for emotional, mental, and physical health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Upadhyay
- Oregon Health & Science University, United States
| | - S Narayanan
- Oregon Health & Science University, United States
| | - T Khera
- Oregon Health & Science University, United States
| | - L Kelly
- Oregon Health & Science University, United States
| | - P A Mathur
- Oregon Health & Science University, United States
| | - A Shanker
- Oregon Health & Science University, United States
| | - L Novack
- Oregon Health & Science University, United States
| | - S Sadhasivam
- Oregon Health & Science University, United States
| | - K A Hoffman
- Oregon Health & Science University, United States
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Sharma K, Pannu V, Sayal N, Bhalla A, Anand A. Effects of one month of Common Yoga Protocol practice appear to be mediated by the angiogenic and neurogenic pathway: A pilot study. Explore (NY) 2020; 17:451-457. [PMID: 33059980 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the molecular effects of mindful activities such as yoga and meditation DESIGN: This was an open label single arm exploratory yoga intervention study. STUDY PARTICIPANTS 64 healthy individuals within the age of 18-60 years were recruited for this one month yoga intervention study. INTERVENTION Common Yoga Protocol (CYP) is a standardized yoga protocol released by Ministry of AYUSH, India for International Yoga Day. It includes all aspects of yoga i.e. asanas, pranayama and meditation. It is designed for adoption by all age groups for the health of community. OUTCOME MEASURES The participants were assessed for biochemical parameters including Fasting Sugar and Lipid profile. The molecular markers of neurogenesis (i.e. Brain derived Neurotropic Factor, BDNF) and Angiogenesis (i.e. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, VEGF and Angiogenin) along with Amyloid β (marker related to neuro-degenerative diseases) were assessed. All the assessments were made at baseline and after one month of the intervention. RESULTS After one month of CYP practice High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) levels increased significantly (p<0.001), although other biochemical parameters i.e. fasting sugar and other lipid assessments were found to be unaltered. Angiogenesis marker, angiogenin was increased significantly (p<0.002), other angiogenesis marker VEGF did not show any change along with BDNF, marker of neurogenesis. Amyloid β levels were also unaltered. Even though individual levels of VEGF and Amyloid β did not show any change, proportion of VEGF to Amyloid β showed a significant increase (p<0.001) after one month of CYP intervention indicating that the change in VEGF levels was significantly higher than the change in Amyloid β levels. CONCLUSION CYP practice may influence cell survival pathways mediated by angiogenic and neurogenic cross talk. Hence, CYP can be considered as a preventive measure for diseases associated with impaired angiogenic and neurogenic mechanism. This is the first study to examine the effects of CYP at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanupriya Sharma
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Viraaj Pannu
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector-32, Chandigarh, India
| | - Natasha Sayal
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Bhalla
- Department of Internal Medicine,, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akshay Anand
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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8
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Ramamoorthi R, Gahreman D, Skinner T, Moss S. The effect of yoga practice on glycemic control and other health parameters in the prediabetic state: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221067. [PMID: 31618207 PMCID: PMC6795440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of yoga on glycemic control, lipid profiles, body composition and blood pressure in people in the pre-diabetic state. Studies on the effectiveness of yoga on population groups under high risk for diabetes, called prediabetic or suffering from metabolic syndromes were extracted from a thorough search of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EBSCO and IndMED databases. Both Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) and non-RCT studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Studies published between Jan 2002 and Dec 2018 were included. Studies were considered for evaluation if they investigated a yoga intervention to prevent T2DM, against a control group, while also reporting glycemic control and other health parameters of T2DM management. Summary effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software in addition to publication bias. Of the 46,500 identified studies, 14 studies with 834 participants of whom were 50% women, were found to be eligible for inclusion in our systematic review. Our quantitative synthesis included 12 randomized control trials and 2 non-randomized control trials, with the follow-up period ranging from 4 to 52 weeks. Compared to controls, yoga intervention improved fasting blood glucose (FBG) [Standard Mean Difference (SMD -0.064 mg/dL (95% CI -0.201 to 0.074)]; low density lipoprotein (LDL) [SMD-0.090 mg/dL (95% CI -0.270 to 0.090)]; triglycerides [SMD -0.148 mg/dL (95% CI -0.285 to -0.012)]; total cholesterol [SMD -0.058 mg/dL (95% CI -0.220 to 0.104)] and systolic blood pressure [SMD -0.058 mm Hg (95% CI -0.168 to 0.053)]. This meta-analysis uncovered clinically improved effects of yoga intervention on glycemic control, lipid profiles and other parameters of T2DM management in prediabetic population. These results suggest that yoga intervention may be considered as a comprehensive and alternative approach to preventing T2DM. Further adequately powered, well designed RCTs are needed to support our findings and investigate the long-term effects of yoga in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ramamoorthi
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Daniel Gahreman
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Timothy Skinner
- Københavns Universitet, Institut for Psykologi, Center for Sundhed og Samfund, Københavns Universitet, København K, Denmark
| | - Simon Moss
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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Abstract
Background: Complementary and alternative medicine is a rapidly growing area of biomedical inquiry. Yoga has emerged in the forefront of holistic medical care due to its long history of linking physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. Research in yoga therapy (YT) has associated improved cardiovascular and quality of life (QoL) outcomes for the special needs of heart failure (HF) patients. Aim: The aim of this study is to review yoga intervention studies on HF patients, discuss proposed mechanisms, and examine yoga's effect on physiological systems that have potential benefits for HF patients. Second, to recommend future research directions to find the most effective delivery methods of yoga to medically stable HF patients. Methods: The authors conducted a systematic review of the medical literature for RCTs involving HF patients as participants in yoga interventions and for studies utilizing mechanistic theories of stretch and new technologies. We examined physical intensity, mechanistic theories, and the use of the latest technologies. Conclusions: Based on the review, there is a need to further explore yoga mechanisms and research options for the delivery of YT. Software apps as exergames developed for use at home and community activity centers may minimize health disparities and increase QoL for HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R Pullen
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Georgia, Oakwood, GA, USA
| | | | - Walter R Thompson
- College of Education and Human Development at Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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10
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Minichiello VJ. Therapeutic Breathing. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Larson-Meyer DE. A Systematic Review of the Energy Cost and Metabolic Intensity of Yoga. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 48:1558-69. [PMID: 27433961 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE With the increasing popularity of Hatha yoga, it is important to understand the energy cost and METs of yoga practice within the context of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and the American Heart Association (AHA) physical activity guidelines. METHODS This systematic review evaluated the energy cost and metabolic intensity of yoga practice including yoga asanas (poses/postures) and pranayamas (breath exercises) measured by indirect calorimetry. The English-speaking literature was surveyed via PubMed using the general terms "yoga" and "energy expenditure" with no date limitations. RESULTS Thirteen manuscripts were initially identified with an additional four located from review of manuscript references. Of the 17 studies, 10 evaluated the energy cost and METs of full yoga sessions or flow through Surya Namaskar (sun salutations), eight of individual asanas, and five of pranayamas. METs for yoga practice averaged 3.3 ± 1.6 (range = 1.83-7.4 METs) and 2.9 ± 0.8 METs when one outlier (i.e., 7.4 METs for Surya Namaskar) was omitted. METs for individual asanas averaged 2.2 ± 0.7 (range = 1.4-4.0 METs), whereas that of pranayamas was 1.3 ± 0.3. On the basis of ACSM/AHA classification, the intensity of most asanas and full yoga sessions ranged from light (less than 3 METs) to moderate aerobic intensity (3-6 METs), with the majority classified as light intensity. CONCLUSION This review suggests that yoga is typically classified as a light-intensity physical activity. However, a few sequences/poses, including Surya Namaskar, meet the criteria for moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity. In accordance with the ACSM/AHA guidelines, the practice of asana sequences with MET intensities higher than three (i.e., >10 min) can be accumulated throughout the day and count toward daily recommendations for moderate- or vigorous-intensity physical activity.
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Cramer H, Langhorst J, Dobos G, Lauche R. Yoga for metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2016; 23:1982-1993. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487316665729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Cramer
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jost Langhorst
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gustav Dobos
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Romy Lauche
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Ansari RM. Kapalabhati pranayama: An answer to modern day polycystic ovarian syndrome and coexisting metabolic syndrome? Int J Yoga 2016; 9:163-7. [PMID: 27512324 PMCID: PMC4959327 DOI: 10.4103/0973-6131.183705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Breath, the vital force of life, is controlled positively by pranayama to ensure homeostasis and wellbeing in humans. Kapalabhati is the rapid breathing technique of pranayama, which is considered as a cure for various ailments. The possible use of this technique to combat metabolic syndrome (MS) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been discussed in this article. Various published literature from PubMed, Scopus, and theses were reviewed to reinforce the hypothesis that this technique is the answer to ailments due to modernization. It was worthwhile to note that Kapalabhati does combat various features of MS, but its efficacy against PCOS is yet to be proven. However, since both syndromes arise due to a common factor hyperinsulinemia primarily induced by stress in this modern world, it is hypothesized that Kapalabhati holds good against PCOS too. Hence, in conclusion, it can be said that it would be beneficial to conduct a study on PCOS women to ascertain the efficacy of Kapalabhati in their population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Mohamed Ansari
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences, Cyberjaya 63000, Selangor, Malaysia
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14
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Tyagi A, Cohen M, Reece J, Telles S, Jones L. Heart Rate Variability, Flow, Mood and Mental Stress During Yoga Practices in Yoga Practitioners, Non-yoga Practitioners and People with Metabolic Syndrome. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2016; 41:381-393. [DOI: 10.1007/s10484-016-9340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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15
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Lauche R, Langhorst J, Lee MS, Dobos G, Cramer H. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of yoga on weight-related outcomes. Prev Med 2016; 87:213-232. [PMID: 27058944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overweight and obesity are among the most important modifiable risk factors for chronic diseases and premature death. The aim of this review was to systematically assess and analyze the effects of yoga on weight-related outcomes. METHODS Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were screened through March 2015 for randomized controlled trials on yoga for weight-related outcomes in the general population or overweight/obese individuals. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool on the following domains: selection bias, performance bias, detection bias, attrition bias, reporting bias, and other bias. RESULTS Out of 445 records identified during literature search, 30 trials with a total of 2173 participants were included. No effects on weight, body mass index, body fat percentage or waist circumference were found. In studies with healthy adult participants an effect of yoga compared to usual care was found regarding waist/hip ratio (SMD=--1.00; 95% CI=--1.44, -0.55; p<0.001). In studies with overweight/obese participants only, effects relative to usual care were found for body mass index (SMD=-0.99; 95% CI=-1.67, -0.31; p=0.004). Effects however were not robust against selection bias; and publication bias could not be ruled out. No intervention-related adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS Despite methodological drawbacks, yoga can be preliminarily considered a safe and effective intervention to reduce body mass index in overweight or obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Lauche
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jost Langhorst
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Myeong Soo Lee
- Medical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Gustav Dobos
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Holger Cramer
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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