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Thirunavukkarasu A, Alanazi B, Alfaleh A, Alsulami HH, Albudayr SA, Alotaibi AS, Alenezi RM, Alruwaili AG, Alibrahim NO. Evaluation of dietary patterns and their impact on eye health among Saudi adults-A multi-regional cross-sectional analysis in Makkah, Riyadh, and Qassim. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1383725. [PMID: 38957871 PMCID: PMC11217315 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1383725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Nutrition plays a vital role in maintaining and improving vision health. However, little is known about dietary intake habits and their correlation with vision health among adults in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The present survey was aimed to assess dietary patterns and vision health among Saudi adults and to determine the association between dietary patterns and vision health. Methods The present analytical study was carried out among 1,234 Saudi adults in the Makkah, Riyadh, and Qassim regions of KSA. We used the Arabic version of the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25) and the diet quality screener (DQS). We applied Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests to determine the association between vision function score and demographic characteristics. Furthermore, the Spearman correlation test was used to determine the relationship between the DQS and the NEI VFQ-25. Results Of the studied population, the highest score obtained through the NEI VFQ-25 was in the social function domain (mean ± SD = 76.64 ± 18.63), followed by the general vision domain (mean ± SD = 75.21 ± 15.16) and was negatively correlated with age. Regarding dietary patterns, the intake of lean protein sources per week was the highest, with a mean intake of 4.17 days per week, followed by that of whole grains and milk or dairy products, with a mean intake of around four days per week. There was a significant correlation between various dietary intakes and visual function scores. Conclusion The present survey underscores the significance of understanding regional dietary patterns and their implications for vision health. Furthermore, our study's findings indicate a need for targeted nutritional intervention measures to improve the vision health of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bader Alanazi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alfaleh
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Hathath Alsulami
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulrahman Saad Alotaibi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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Basyal D, Lee S, Kim HJ. Antioxidants and Mechanistic Insights for Managing Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:568. [PMID: 38790673 PMCID: PMC11117704 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) severely affects central vision due to progressive macular degeneration and its staggering prevalence is rising globally, especially in the elderly population above 55 years. Increased oxidative stress with aging is considered an important contributor to AMD pathogenesis despite multifaceted risk factors including genetic predisposition and environmental agents. Wet AMD can be managed with routine intra-vitreal injection of angiogenesis inhibitors, but no satisfactory medicine has been approved for the successful management of the dry form. The toxic carbonyls due to photo-oxidative degradation of accumulated bisretinoids within lysosomes initiate a series of events including protein adduct formation, impaired autophagy flux, complement activation, and chronic inflammation, which is implicated in dry AMD. Therapy based on antioxidants has been extensively studied for its promising effect in reducing the impact of oxidative stress. This paper reviews the dry AMD pathogenesis, delineates the effectiveness of dietary and nutrition supplements in clinical studies, and explores pre-clinical studies of antioxidant molecules, extracts, and formulations with their mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hye Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Dauge 42601, Republic of Korea
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Liu K, Zhang X, Liu R, Su W, Song Y, Tan M. Preparation of Lutein Nanoparticles by Glycosylation of Saccharides and Casein for Protecting Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6347-6359. [PMID: 38408187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of visual impairment in the aging population, lacks effective treatment options due to a limited understanding of its pathogenesis. Lutein, with its strong antioxidant properties and ability to mitigate AMD by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) rays, faces challenges related to its stability and bioavailability in functional foods. In this study, we aimed to develop delivery systems using protein-saccharide conjugates to enhance lutein delivery and protect adult retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells against sodium iodate (NaIO3)-induced damage. Various saccharides, including mannose, galactose, lactose, maltose, dextran, and maltodextrin, were conjugated to casein via the Maillard reaction for lutein delivery. The resulting lutein-loaded nanoparticles exhibited small size and spherical characteristics and demonstrated improved thermal stability and antioxidant capacity compared to free lutein. Notably, these nanoparticles were found to be nontoxic, as evidenced by reduced levels of cellular reactive oxygen species production (167.50 ± 3.81, 119.57 ± 3.45, 195.15 ± 1.41, 183.96 ± 3.11, 254.21 ± 3.97, 283.56 ± 7.27%) and inhibition of the mitochondrial membrane potential decrease (58.60 ± 0.29, 65.05 ± 2.91, 38.88 ± 1.81, 42.95 ± 1.39, 23.52 ± 1.04, 25.24 ± 0.08%) caused by NaIO3, providing protection against cellular damage and death. Collectively, our findings suggest that lutein-loaded nanoparticles synthesized via the Maillard reaction hold promise for enhanced solubility, oral bioavailability, and biological efficacy in the treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xiumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Ronggang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Wentao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yukun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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Kráľová JŠ, Kolář P, Kapounová Z, Veselý P, Brázdová ZD. Lifestyle factors associated with age-related macular degeneration: Case-control study. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024:11206721241229310. [PMID: 38295331 DOI: 10.1177/11206721241229310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the major causes of vision loss in individuals aged ≥ 65 years in developed countries. This study aimed to determine the associations between modifiable risk factors and AMD. This is the first study describing the relationship between lifestyle factors and AMD in the Czech Republic. METHODS In this cross-sectional case-control study, 93 AMD cases and 58 controls without AMD and cataract were included. All participants were examined by Optical coherence tomography at the Clinic of Eye Treatment at the University Hospital Brno. Data were collected using a pre-tested self-report questionnaire in a face-to-face interview. RESULTS We found significant associations between those who were living in the city (OR 95% CI: 2.19 (1.0-4.6); p = 0,039), with a positive family history of AMD (OR 95% CI: 12.75 (1.6-98.6); p = 0,015), exposure to cigarette smoke (OR 95% CI: 2.72 (1.4-5.4); p = 0,004), and daily exposure to passive smoking (OR 95% CI: 2.29 (1.0-5.1); p = 0,045) and AMD. In men, we found significant associations between daily sunlight exposure (OR 95% CI: 2.98 (1.0-8.5); p = 0,041), short or long sleep duration (OR 95% CI: 3.98 (1.2-13.2); p = 0,024) and AMD. Men daily exposed to sunlight were at a 2.98 times higher risk of AMD than men with less than daily sunlight exposure. Men with short or long sleep duration (< 6 and > 8 h) were at a 3.98 times higher risk of AMD than men with recommended sleep duration of 6-8 h. CONCLUSIONS An increased risk of AMD was observed for living in the city, family history of AMD, exposure to cigarette smoke, and daily exposure to passive smoking. Increased risk of AMD was observed for daily sunlight exposure and short or long sleep duration; however, only in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Šalková Kráľová
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kolář
- Department of Ophthalmology, Slovak Medical University, and University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zlata Kapounová
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Veselý
- Department of Optometry and Orthoptics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Kim JM, Choi YJ. Nutritional intake, environmental factors, and their impact on myopia prevalence in Korean children aged 5-12 years. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:14. [PMID: 38287408 PMCID: PMC10823653 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myopia is a complex condition influenced by numerous factors, including genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices. Although evidence indicates that certain dietary factors may influence the development of myopia, this relationship is still not completely understood and is a topic of ongoing research. METHODS This study analyzed the relationship between dietary habits, environmental factors, and the prevalence of myopia in a sample of 24,345 children aged 5-12 years from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII). The average daily intake of dietary nutrients associated with the refractive error status of the participants was analyzed using analysis of variance (GLM) and the Scheffe method for post-hoc comparison. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted between the participant's refractive error status and daily dietary nutrient intake, while taking into consideration the age, sex, BMI, parental myopia, and near-work hours. RESULTS The risk of myopia increased with age, especially notable between ages 11 and 12, and was higher in children with both parents having myopia. Dietary factors played a crucial role; children with myopia had significantly lower intake of fat, omega-3 fatty acids, and retinol but higher intake of other nutrients compared to emmetropic and hyperopic counterparts. High consumption of carbohydrates, protein, phosphorus, iron, potassium, and sodium was associated with increased myopia risk. High sodium intake was particularly associated with a 2.05-fold increased myopia risk. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the significant role of diet and lifestyle choices in the development of myopia in children. Our findings suggest the importance of considering these specific factors in the management and prevention strategies for myopia, underscoring the need for targeted interventions in children's health and vision care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Mee Kim
- Department of Visual Optics, Far East University, Eumseong, South Korea
| | - Yean-Jung Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sahmyook University, 815, Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, South Korea.
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Bulafu D, Nagawa Tamale B, Ninsiima LR, Baguma JN, Namakula LN, Niyongabo F, Lubega GB, Aruhomukama D, Ndejjo R, Musoke D. Adherence to malaria treatment guidelines among health care workers in private health facilities in Kampala's informal settlements, Uganda. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002220. [PMID: 37669245 PMCID: PMC10479897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Poor adherence to malaria treatment guidelines among healthcare workers (HCWs) is a major contribution to diagnostic challenges, treatment failure, and non-rational use of antimalarial medicines. However, there is limited information about adherence to malaria treatment guidelines among HCWs in private health facilities in informal settlements in Uganda. This study therefore assessed the level of adherence to malaria treatment guidelines and associated factors among HCWs in private health facilities in Kampala's informal settlements. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 339 HCWs from private health facilities in slums of 4 selected divisions in Kampala, Uganda. Quantitative data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, cleaned in MS Excel 2016 and analyzed using STATA 15.0 statistical software. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were conducted using a generalized linear model of modified Poisson regression to obtain factors associated with adherence to malaria treatment guidelines. The study revealed that majority of respondents 71.1%(241/339) were aged 30 years and below, and 50.1%(170/339) of the were female. Almost all of the respondents 98.8%(335/339) reported that they had malaria diagnostic equipment (microscopy or rapid diagnostic tests) at their facilities, 47.5%(161/339) had non-recommended anti-malarial drugs present in stock and 36.0% reported that they did not refer severely ill patients to higher health facilities in the previous 3 months. Although 92.6%(314/339) of the respondents had heard about the national malaria treatment guidelines, 63.1%(214/339) of them adhered to these guidelines. Having a bachelors degree (APR 1.54, (CI: 1.13-2.10)P 0.006), and having high levels of knowledge (APR 1.44, (CI: 1.13-1.60)P 0.001) were positively associated with high adherence to malaria treatment guidelines. In conclusion, adherence to malaria treatment guidelines was suboptimal and less than the national target of 90%. Enforcement, supervision, trainings, and continuous medical education should be enhanced in private healthcare facilities to improve adherence to malaria treatment guidelines in informal settlements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Bulafu
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bridget Nagawa Tamale
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lesley Rose Ninsiima
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - James Natweta Baguma
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lydia Nabawanuka Namakula
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Filimin Niyongabo
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Grace Biyinzika Lubega
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dickson Aruhomukama
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rawlance Ndejjo
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David Musoke
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Piri N, Kaplan HJ. Role of Complement in the Onset of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050832. [PMID: 37238702 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive degenerative disease of the central retina and the leading cause of severe loss of central vision in people over age 50. Patients gradually lose central visual acuity, compromising their ability to read, write, drive, and recognize faces, all of which greatly impact daily life activities. Quality of life is significantly affected in these patients, and there are worse levels of depression as a result. AMD is a complex, multifactorial disease in which age and genetics, as well as environmental factors, all play a role in its development and progression. The mechanism by which these risk factors interact and converge towards AMD are not fully understood, and therefore, drug discovery is challenging, with no successful therapeutic attempt to prevent the development of this disease. In this review, we describe the pathophysiology of AMD and review the role of complement, which is a major risk factor in the development of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Piri
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Henry J Kaplan
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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Yin C, Gan Q, Xu P, Yang T, Xu J, Cao W, Wang H, Pan H, Ren Z, Xiao H, Wang K, Xu Y, Zhang Q. Dietary Patterns and Associations with Myopia in Chinese Children. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081946. [PMID: 37111164 PMCID: PMC10142016 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary shifts in populations undergoing rapid economic transitions have been proposed as partly contributing toward the rapid intergenerational rise in myopia prevalence; however, empirical evidence of the effect of dietary factors on myopia is limited. This study investigated the association between dietary factors and incident myopia in Chinese children aged 10-11 years. We evaluated dietary habits using a 72-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) among 7423 children. Myopic status was assessed using the "General Personal Information Questionnaire". Principal component analysis was used to extract dietary patterns and investigate their association with myopia. After adjusting for potential confounders, participants with the highest adherence to dietary pattern A (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66-0.92, p for trend = 0.007) and dietary pattern C (95% CI: 0.58-0.80, p for trend < 0.001) had a lower risk of myopia than participants with the least adherence. Both of these dietary patterns are characterized by high consumption of meats, aquatic product, dairy and its products, eggs, legumes, vegetables, fruits, grains, and potatoes. Our findings suggest that other environmental factors, such as those related to the dietary environment, may contribute to the development of myopia. These findings can serve as a reference for diet-related primary prevention of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Yin
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Qian Gan
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peipei Xu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Titi Yang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhibin Ren
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China
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Kizatova MY, Baikenov AO, Baigenzhinov KA, Yessimova ZA, Zhusipov AG. The mathematical model of drying melon pulp by the convective method. POTRAVINARSTVO 2022. [DOI: 10.5219/1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Melon is a dessert loved by many, captivating with its thick aroma and delicate honey taste. The juicy, fragrant pulp is not only delicious but also very useful for dietary purposes, with a therapeutic effect on diseases of the liver and kidneys, anaemia, rheumatism and cardiovascular disorders. This storehouse of vitamins is especially rich in potassium and iron salts, pectins, fibre, easily digestible sugars, proteins, starch and other elements necessary for health. This article presents the results of a study of the Myrzachulskaya melon variety and establishes the optimal parameters for drying the pulp, pre-treating melons with 99.5% ethanol before drying. Twenty drying experiments were carried out, in which the parameters of the operating variables, namely temperature, air velocity and sample size, were varied according to the compiled mathematical processing planning matrix. Drying caused a decrease in biologically active compounds, affecting some antioxidant properties (vitamin C content, total phenol content and antioxidant capacity) of melon pulp. As a result, the optimal parameters were established, at which samples of dried melon pulp showed insignificant losses (up to 1%) in the total content of phenolic compounds, carotenoids and ascorbic acid. The optimal parameters for drying melon fruits are a temperature of 55 °C, a drying time of 11 h and a slice thickness of not more than 0.5 cm.
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Metibemu DS, Ogungbe IV. Carotenoids in Drug Discovery and Medicine: Pathways and Molecular Targets Implicated in Human Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:6005. [PMID: 36144741 PMCID: PMC9503763 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are isoprenoid-derived natural products produced in plants, algae, fungi, and photosynthetic bacteria. Most animals cannot synthesize carotenoids because the biosynthetic machinery to create carotenoids de novo is absent in animals, except arthropods. Carotenoids are biosynthesized from two C20 geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) molecules made from isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) via the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) route. Carotenoids can be extracted by a variety of methods, including maceration, Soxhlet extraction, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pulsed electric field (PEF)-assisted extraction, and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). Carotenoids have been reported to exert various biochemical actions, including the inhibition of the Akt/mTOR, Bcl-2, SAPK/JNK, JAK/STAT, MAPK, Nrf2/Keap1, and NF-κB signaling pathways and the ability to increase cholesterol efflux to HDL. Carotenoids are absorbed in the intestine. A handful of carotenoids and carotenoid-based compounds are in clinical trials, while some are currently used as medicines. The application of metabolic engineering techniques for carotenoid production, whole-genome sequencing, and the use of plants as cell factories to produce specialty carotenoids presents a promising future for carotenoid research. In this review, we discussed the biosynthesis and extraction of carotenoids, the roles of carotenoids in human health, the metabolism of carotenoids, and carotenoids as a source of drugs and supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ifedayo Victor Ogungbe
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217-0095, USA
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Methodological Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Valuable Bioactive Compounds from the Acidophilic Microalga Coccomyxa onubensis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071248. [PMID: 35883739 PMCID: PMC9312109 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae grow in diverse environments and possess a great biotechnological potential as they contain useful bioactive compounds. These bioactive compounds can be obtained by selective and energy-efficient extraction methods. Various industries are using the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method to extract these valuable bioactive compounds. Hence, for the first time, we evaluated the effects of SFE on the recovery of bioactive and antioxidant compounds using Coccomyxa onubensis, a eukaryotic acidophilic microalga of potential relevance which can be used in the field of nutraceutical and functional foods. It was isolated from the Tinto River (Pyritic Belt, Huelva, Spain), a mining region in Spain. Variables such as extraction yield, lutein purity (LP) and recovery (LR), total phenols, and antioxidant capacity (Trolox equivalents antioxidant capacity method) were studied using a Box–Behnken design based on a response surface methodology along with the overall extraction curve fitted to a spline linear model. The effects of temperature (30, 50, and 70 °C), pressure (25, 40, and 55 MPa), and the percentage of co-solvent (0, 25%, and 50% v/v ethanol) on SFE were analyzed, resulting in the co-solvent and temperature as the most significant factors followed by the pressure. Under 70 °C, 40 MPa, and 50% v/v ethanol, C. onubensis reached a maximum of 66.98% of LR. The extracts were richest in total phenols and showed the maximum antioxidant activity (36.08 mg GAEs/g extracts and 2.237 mmol TE/g extracts, respectively) under similar pressure and co-solvent percentage values and different temperatures (30 and 70 °C, respectively). The extracts obtained in this study may have potential applications in the food, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries. SFE is a highly efficient method to valorize microorganisms living in extreme environments, which are so far unexplored using green extraction methods.
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Thraeib JZ, Altemimi AB, Jabbar Abd Al-Manhel A, Abedelmaksoud TG, El-Maksoud AAA, Madankar CS, Cacciola F. Production and Characterization of a Bioemulsifier Derived from Microorganisms with Potential Application in the Food Industry. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060924. [PMID: 35743955 PMCID: PMC9227042 DOI: 10.3390/life12060924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the development and use of natural emulsifiers, which provide biodegradability as well as non-toxicity along with giving better performance compared to existing emulsifying agents used in the food industry. A large variety of sources of starting material, i.e., the microorganisms, are available to be used, hence giving a diverse range of applications. The focus of this review paper is on the production of bioemulsifiers, which are said to be "green surfactants", from fungi, bacteria and yeasts; furthermore, an overview pertaining to the knowledge gained over the years in terms of characterization techniques is reported. The methods used for the characterization and isolation such as TLC, GC-MS, HPLC, NMR have also been studied. The end-application products such as cookies, muffins, and doughs along with the methods used for the incorporation of bioemulsifiers, microorganisms from which they are derived, properties imparted to the product with the use of a particular bioemulsifier and comparison with the existing food grade emulsifiers has been discussed in detail. The future prospects indicate that newer bioemulsifiers with anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and stabilization properties will prove to have a larger impact, and emphasis will be on improving the performance at an economically viable methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaffar Z. Thraeib
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq; (J.Z.T.); (A.J.A.A.-M.)
| | - Ammar B. Altemimi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq; (J.Z.T.); (A.J.A.A.-M.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Alaa Jabbar Abd Al-Manhel
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq; (J.Z.T.); (A.J.A.A.-M.)
| | | | | | - Chandu S. Madankar
- Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India;
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.B.A.); (F.C.)
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13
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Tomas M, Capanoglu E, Bahrami A, Hosseini H, Akbari‐Alavijeh S, Shaddel R, Rehman A, Rezaei A, Rashidinejad A, Garavand F, Goudarzi M, Jafari SM. The direct and indirect effects of bioactive compounds against coronavirus. FOOD FRONTIERS 2021; 3:96-123. [PMID: 35462942 PMCID: PMC9015578 DOI: 10.1002/fft2.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging viruses are known to pose a threat to humans in the world. COVID‐19, a newly emerging viral respiratory disease, can spread quickly from people to people via respiratory droplets, cough, sneeze, or exhale. Up to now, there are no specific therapies found for the treatment of COVID‐19. In this sense, the rising demand for effective antiviral drugs is stressed. The main goal of the present study is to cover the current literature about bioactive compounds (e.g., polyphenols, glucosinolates, carotenoids, minerals, vitamins, oligosaccharides, bioactive peptides, essential oils, and probiotics) with potential efficiency against COVID‐19, showing antiviral activities via the inhibition of coronavirus entry into the host cell, coronavirus enzymes, as well as the virus replication in human cells. In turn, these compounds can boost the immune system, helping fight against COVID‐19. Overall, it can be concluded that bioactives and the functional foods containing these compounds can be natural alternatives for boosting the immune system and defeating coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Tomas
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Halkali Istanbul Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Istanbul Technical University Maslak Istanbul Turkey
| | - Akbar Bahrami
- Center for Excellence in Post‐Harvest Technologies North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University Kannapolis North Carolina USA
| | - Hamed Hosseini
- Food Additives Department Food Science and Technology Research Institute Research Center for Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR) Mashhad Iran
| | - Safoura Akbari‐Alavijeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Ardabil Iran
| | - Rezvan Shaddel
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Ardabil Iran
| | - Abdur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Jiangsu Wuxi China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Food Safety and Quality Control Wuxi Jiangsu Province China
| | - Atefe Rezaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology School of Nutrition and Food Science Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | | | - Farhad Garavand
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark Fermoy, Co. Cork Ireland
| | - Mostafa Goudarzi
- Department of Food Science and Engineering University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Tehran Karaj Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources Gorgan Iran
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14
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Kona R, Pallerla P, Addipilli R, Sripadi P, Venkata Mohan S. Lutein and β-carotene biosynthesis in Scenedesmus sp. SVMIICT1 through differential light intensities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125814. [PMID: 34479143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated the biosynthesis of lutein and β-carotene by Scenedesmus sp. SVMIICT1 under five different light intensities (50, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 µE/m2/s). Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was used to determine relative quantities of lutein and β-carotene. Relatively, high lutein content of 1.43 ± 0.04 and 0.70 ± 0.02 mg/g was found with 50 and 500 µE/m2/s conditions respectively. β-Carotene content was quantified as 0.15 ± 0.01, 0.1 ± 0.01 and 0.12 ± 0.02 mg/g with 50, 250 and 500 µE/m2/s conditions respectively. The light intensities altered photosystem II and photosystem I. At 50 µE intensity, high chlorophyll content and high photosystem II quantum efficiency (FV/FM) was observed. Low FV/FM ratio of around 0.3 was detected in high light intensities (750 µE and 1000 µE) due to photoinhibition. Lipid fraction increased with increasing light intensity and the fatty acid profiles were similar in all five conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kona
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pavankumar Pallerla
- Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Analytical & Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramunaidu Addipilli
- Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Analytical & Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prabhakar Sripadi
- Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Analytical & Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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15
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Dai L, Zhou L, Zhou H, Zheng B, Ji N, Xu X, He X, Xiong L, McClements DJ, Sun Q. Comparison of Lutein Bioaccessibility from Dietary Supplement-Excipient Nanoemulsions and Nanoemulsion-Based Delivery Systems. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13925-13932. [PMID: 34780691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of lutein-loaded nanoemulsions and excipient nanoemulsions mixed with lutein-based dietary supplements (capsules and soft gels) on the bioaccessibility of lutein was explored using a simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The particle size, particle size distribution, ζ-potential, microstructure, lipid digestibility, and lutein bioaccessibility of all the samples were measured after they were exposed to different environments (stomach and small intestine environments) within a simulated GIT. As expected, the bioaccessibility of lutein from the capsules (1.5%) and soft gels (3.2%) was relatively low when they were administered alone. However, the co-administration of excipient nanoemulsions significantly increased the bioaccessibility of lutein from both the capsules (35.2%) and soft gels (28.7%). This phenomenon was attributed to the fast digestion of the small oil droplets in the excipient nanoemulsions and the further formation of mixed micelles to solubilize any lutein molecules released from the supplements. The lutein-loaded nanoemulsions exhibited a much higher lutein bioaccessibility (86.8%) than any of the supplements, which was attributed to the rapid release and solubilization of lutein when the lipid droplets were rapidly and extensively digested within the small intestine. This study indicates that the bioaccessibility of lutein is much higher in nanoemulsion droplets than that in dietary supplements. However, consuming dietary supplements in the presence of nanoemulsion droplets can greatly increase lutein bioavailability. The results of this study have important guiding significance for the design of more effective lutein supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyang Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualu Zhou
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Bingjing Zheng
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Na Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfeng Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Qingjie Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
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16
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Korolev A, Kirpichenkova E, Nikitenko E, Denisova E, Fanda E, Barasheva I, Fetisov R, Popova O, Kuznetsova L, Petrova E. Consumption dietary sources of lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin among young adults living in megapolis. POTRAVINARSTVO 2021. [DOI: 10.5219/1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural antioxidants, affecting apoptosis, absorbing active forms of oxygen, and improving visual performance through their blue light filtering capabilities. Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoids of the macular pigment that play a significant role in protecting against age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataracts, and diabetic retinopathy. We analyzed the dietary sources of lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin of young adults living in a megapolis. We analyzed 431 food frequency questionnaires and used two different criteria for comparison: age (groups A1 and A2) and season (groups S1, spring, and S2, autumn). Raw red tomatoes and eggs are the main sources of carotenoids for the majority of respondents regardless of age and season. Significant differences between age groups were found for parsley, carrot, cheeseburger, and spring onion. Foods with high levels of carotenoids (tomato juice, pumpkin, spinach, and sprouts) were absent in the diets of most of the study participants. Watermelons and persimmons are seasonal sources of lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin. Dietary sources of carotenoids are present in insufficient quantities in the diets. Foods with high levels of lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin are absent or only occasionally included in the diet.
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17
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Complement Inhibitors in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Potential Therapeutic Option. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:9945725. [PMID: 34368372 PMCID: PMC8346298 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9945725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease, which can culminate in irreversible vision loss and blindness in elderly. Nowadays, there is a big gap between dry AMD and wet AMD on treatment. Accounting for nearly 90% of AMD, dry AMD still lacks effective treatment. Numerous genetic and molecular researches have confirmed the significant role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of AMD, leading to a deeper exploration of complement inhibitors in the treatment of AMD. To date, at least 14 different complement inhibitors have been or are being explored in AMD in almost 40 clinical trials. While most complement inhibitors fail to treat AMD successfully, two of them are effective in inhibiting the rate of GA progression in phase II clinical trials, and both of them successfully entered phase III trials. Furthermore, recently emerging complement gene therapy and combination therapy also offer new opportunities to treat AMD in the future. In this review, we aim to introduce genetic and molecular associations between the complement system and AMD, provide the updated progress in complement inhibitors in AMD on clinical trials, and discuss the challenges and prospects of complement therapeutic strategies in AMD.
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18
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Wang X, Ding Z, Zhao Y, Prakash S, Liu W, Han J, Wang Z. Effects of lutein particle size in embedding emulsions on encapsulation efficiency, storage stability, and dissolution rate of microencapsules through spray drying. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Armento A, Ueffing M, Clark SJ. The complement system in age-related macular degeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4487-4505. [PMID: 33751148 PMCID: PMC8195907 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic and progressive degenerative disease of the retina, which culminates in blindness and affects mainly the elderly population. AMD pathogenesis and pathophysiology are incredibly complex due to the structural and cellular complexity of the retina, and the variety of risk factors and molecular mechanisms that contribute to disease onset and progression. AMD is driven by a combination of genetic predisposition, natural ageing changes and lifestyle factors, such as smoking or nutritional intake. The mechanism by which these risk factors interact and converge towards AMD are not fully understood and therefore drug discovery is challenging, where no therapeutic attempt has been fully effective thus far. Genetic and molecular studies have identified the complement system as an important player in AMD. Indeed, many of the genetic risk variants cluster in genes of the alternative pathway of the complement system and complement activation products are elevated in AMD patients. Nevertheless, attempts in treating AMD via complement regulators have not yet been successful, suggesting a level of complexity that could not be predicted only from a genetic point of view. In this review, we will explore the role of complement system in AMD development and in the main molecular and cellular features of AMD, including complement activation itself, inflammation, ECM stability, energy metabolism and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Armento
- Department for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Department for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department for Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Simon J Clark
- Department for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department for Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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20
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Alrifai O, Hao X, Liu R, Lu Z, Marcone MF, Tsao R. LED-Induced Carotenoid Synthesis and Related Gene Expression in Brassica Microgreens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4674-4685. [PMID: 33861063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, various ratios of combined red, blue, and amber light-emitting diodes (rbaLEDs) were investigated for their effect on the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes and carotenoid accumulation in eight Brassica microgreens. Total and individual (β-carotene, lutein, α-carotene, neoxanthin, and violaxanthin) carotenoids were increased 20-44 and 10-55%, respectively, under dose-dependent increasing amber-blue light and decreasing red in most microgreens. Lipophilic 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power antioxidant activities were significantly increased under higher amber and blue light fractions, while oxygen radical absorbance capacity was generally decreased. Under rbaLED in mizuna (B. rapa) microgreens, the lycopene epsilon cyclase (LYCε) expression was 10-15-fold higher, which resulted in downstream accumulation of α-carotene and lutein. Lycopene beta cyclase (LYCβ) was not significantly changed, suggesting that β-carotene, violaxanthin and neoxanthin were mainly controlled by upstream phytoene synthase and branch-point LYCε. Increased beta-ring carotenoid hydroxylase (CHXβ) expression was also consistent with lutein accumulation. This study demonstrated for the first time that amber LED was involved in the regulatory mechanism of carotenoid biosynthesis, thus a potential novel approach to production of antioxidant-rich microgreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oday Alrifai
- Guelph Research & Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Xiuming Hao
- Harrow Research & Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2585 County Road 20, Harrow, Ontario N0R 1G0, Canada
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Guelph Research & Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Zhanhui Lu
- Guelph Research & Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Massimo F Marcone
- Department of Food Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research & Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
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21
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Parmar T, Ortega JT, Jastrzebska B. Retinoid analogs and polyphenols as potential therapeutics for age-related macular degeneration. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1615-1625. [PMID: 32438835 PMCID: PMC7787542 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220926938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a devastating retinal degenerative disease. Epidemiological reports showed an expected increasing prevalence of AMD in the near future. The only one existing FDA-approved pharmacological treatment involves an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy with serious disadvantages. This limitation emphasizes an alarming need to develop new therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat AMD. In this review, we summarize scientific data unraveling the therapeutic potential of the specific retinoid and natural compounds. The experimental results reported by us and other research groups demonstrated that retinoid analogs and compounds with natural product scaffolds could serve as lead compounds for the development of new therapeutic agents with potential to prevent or slow down the pathogenesis of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Parmar
- Department of Pharmacology, and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Joseph T Ortega
- Department of Pharmacology, and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Beata Jastrzebska
- Department of Pharmacology, and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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22
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Photoaging Protective Effects of Ranunculus bulumei Methanol Extract. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:1761785. [PMID: 32328122 PMCID: PMC7157803 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1761785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is the main cause of photoaging processes including cellular senescence, skin drying, collagen degradation, melanogenesis, and inflammation. These responses occur because UVB induces a change in expression of aging-related genes through regulation of signal pathways such as that of mitogen-activated protein kinases- (MAPKs-) activator protein 1 (AP-1). Ranunculus bulumei, which is used as an herb in Indonesia, belongs to the Ranunculaceae family, which has been reported to perform various physiological effects including antioxidant and anti-inflammation. However, data on the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical utility of Ranunculus bulumei have not been reported. Therefore, we evaluated the antiaging efficacy of RB-ME, a methanol extract of Ranunculus bulumei. Rb-ME attenuated MMP9 and COX-2 gene expression but enhanced SIRT1 and type-1 collagen in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Rb-ME regulated these gene expressions through inhibition of p38 phosphorylation and inactivation of AP-1. In addition, mRNA expression of HAS-2 and -3, which are involved in skin hydration, was elevated in Rb-ME-treated HaCaT cells. Rb-ME also inhibited melanogenesis by suppression of tyrosinase, MITF, and TYRP-1 mRNA in B16F10 cells under α-MSH treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that Rb-ME has a protective effect on some UVB-induced skin photoaging events such as inflammation, collagen degradation, cellular senescence, skin drying, and melanin production through inhibition of the p38-AP-1 signal cascade, indicating that Rb-ME can be used as an active ingredient for antiaging cosmetics.
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23
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Abstract
Fruits come in a wide variety of colors, shapes, and flavors. This chapter will cover selected fruits that are known to be healthy and highly nutritious. These fruits were chosen due to their common usage and availability. Since it is not possible to cover all health benefits or essential nutrients and important phytochemicals of the fruit composition, this chapter will focus on the key valuable constituents and their potential health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan G Mohammed
- Qatar Research Leadership Program (QRLP), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - M Walid Qoronfleh
- Research & Policy Department, World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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24
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Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaf extract exhibits comparable ameliorative potentials with ascorbate in dimethylnitrosamine-induced bone marrow clastogenicity and hepatotoxicity. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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25
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Aziz E, Batool R, Akhtar W, Rehman S, Shahzad T, Malik A, Shariati MA, Laishevtcev A, Plygun S, Heydari M, Rauf A, Ahmed Arif S. Xanthophyll: Health benefits and therapeutic insights. Life Sci 2019; 240:117104. [PMID: 31783054 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Xanthophylls constitute a major part of carotenoids in nature. They are an oxidized version of carotenoid. Xanthophyll has widely drawn scientists' attentions in terms of its functionality, bioavailability and diversity. An assortment of xanthophyll varieties includes lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, capsanthin, astaxanthin, and fucoxanthin. Chemically, lutein and zeaxanthin are dipolar carotenoids with hydroxyl groups at both ends of their molecules that bestow hydrophilic properties to them. Hydrophilic affinity in lutein and zeaxanthin makes better bioavailability in reaction with singlet oxygen in water phase, whereas non-polar carotenoids have shown to have less efficiency in scavenging free radicals. Xanthophylls have been studied for their effects in a wide variety of diseases including neurologic, ophthalmologic, oral, allergic and immune diseases. This review highlights pharmaco-pharmaceutical applications of xanthophylls as well asits drug interactions with beta-carotene. Different types of xanthophylls have been shown to have neuroprotective effects. Fucoxanthin demonstrated potent antiplasmodial activity. Lutein and zeaxanthin prevent the progression of age related macular degeneration. They have also demonstrated promising effects on uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, scleritis, cataracts, glaucoma, retinal ischemia and choroideremia. Astaxanthin showed to have skin protecting effects against ultraviolet light injury. Astaxanthin have anti-allergic activity against the contact dermatitis especially to treat the patients having adverse reactions induced by steroids. Astaxanthin has been reported to exert beneficial effects in preventing oral lichen planus and early stage cancers. β-cryptoxanthin has been considered a good candidate for prevention of bone loss via osteoblastic bone formation and inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption. There is also some concern that higher dose of xanthophylls may be linked to increased risk of skin cancer and gastric adenocarcinoma. However this increased risk was not statistically significant when adjusted for confounding factors. Further researches including clinical studies are needed to better evaluate the efficacy and safety of xanthophylls in prevention and treatment of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaz Aziz
- Department of Botany, GDC Khanpur, Haripur, Pakistan.
| | - Riffat Batool
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, PMAS-UAAR, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Wasim Akhtar
- Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Rehman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tasmeena Shahzad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Malik
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Laboratory of Biocontrol and Antimicrobial Resistance, Orel State, University Named After I.S. Turgenev, 302026 Orel, Russia
| | - Alexey Laishevtcev
- Laboratory of Biocontrol and Antimicrobial Resistance, Orel State, University Named After I.S. Turgenev, 302026 Orel, Russia; Federal Research Center - All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K.I. Skryabin and Y.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109428, Russia
| | - Sergey Plygun
- Laboratory of Biocontrol and Antimicrobial Resistance, Orel State, University Named After I.S. Turgenev, 302026 Orel, Russia; European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Basel 4051, Switzerland; All Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Moscow Region 143050, Russia
| | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, KPK, Pakistan.
| | - Shaheer Ahmed Arif
- Bioproducts Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University Tricities, 2710, Crimson way, Richland, WA 99354, USA
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Carotenoids of Capsicum Fruits: Pigment Profile and Health-Promoting Functional Attributes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100469. [PMID: 31600964 PMCID: PMC6827103 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pepper of the Capsicum species is a common ingredient in various food preparations by different cultures worldwide. The Capsicum is recognised by its five main domesticated species, namely Capsicum annuum, C. baccatum, C. chinense, C. frutescens and C. pubescens. The genetic diversity in Capsicum offers fruits in wide ranges of morphology and carotenoid profile. Carotenoids enhance the value of pepper from a nutritional standpoint, despite being commonly prized for the pharmacologically active pungent capsaicinoids. Carotenoids of pepper comprise mainly of the unique, powerful and highly stable capsanthin and capsoroubin, together with β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin and violaxanthin. These carotenoids are present at diverse profile and varying levels, biosynthetically connected to the fruit maturity stages. This review describes the health-promoting functional attributes of the carotenoids that are mainly associated with their excellent role as lipophilic antioxidants. Capsicum as a great source of carotenoids is discussed in the aspects of main domesticated species, biosynthesis, pigment profile, antioxidant activity and safety. Findings from a number of in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies provided appreciable evidence on the protective effects of pepper’s carotenoids against degenerative diseases. Hence, pepper with its functional carotenoids might be recommended in health-promoting and disease preventing strategies.
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Murillo AG, Hu S, Fernandez ML. Zeaxanthin: Metabolism, Properties, and Antioxidant Protection of Eyes, Heart, Liver, and Skin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E390. [PMID: 31514298 PMCID: PMC6770730 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zeaxanthin, a non-provitamin A carotenoid that belongs to the xanthophyll family, has been less studied than its isomer lutein. However, zeaxanthin has also been shown to have a number of beneficial effects for human health due to its ability to quench free radicals, exert antioxidant effects, as well as decrease inflammation. It is the purpose of this review to discuss the metabolism of zeaxanthin, including digestion, absorption, transport, and uptake by tissues, as well as the dietary or other factors which affect zeaxanthin bioavailability. In addition, this review also focuses on specific effects of this carotenoid on eye, skin, liver, and cardiovascular health. Data derived from human interventions, animal models of research, and in vitro and cell studies are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gabriela Murillo
- Biochemistry Department, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca 2060, Costa Rica.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Siqi Hu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Venkidasamy B, Selvaraj D, Nile AS, Ramalingam S, Kai G, Nile SH. Indian pulses: A review on nutritional, functional and biochemical properties with future perspectives. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Huang X, Lee EJ, Ahn DU. Development of non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics for an alternative of infant formula using egg white, yolk, and soy proteins. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 32:881-890. [PMID: 30744367 PMCID: PMC6498084 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A study was conducted to develop non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics using egg white, egg yolk, soy protein and their combinations, and their nutrient content, shelf-life and flavor acceptability were compared. METHODS Spray dried egg white, egg yolk, and soy protein isolate were purchased from manufacturers and used for the formulae. RESULTS The protein contents of the non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics were about 8.5% as calculated. The amounts of oleic and linoleic acid content increased as the amount of yolk increased in the formula, but the increases of polyunsaturated fatty acids were <0.5% of total fat. Addition of egg yolk to the formula increased choline and lutein content in the products, but the amounts were <0.4 mg/g for choline and 4 μg/g for lutein. The lutein in the products continued to decrease over the storage time, and only about 15% to 20% of the 0-month amounts were left after 3 months of storage. Although the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values of the spray-dried non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics increased as storage time increased, the values were still low. Yellowness, darkness, and egg flavor/odor of the non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics increased as the amount of egg yolk in the formula increased. The overall acceptability of the non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics was closely related to the intensity of egg flavor/odor, but storage improved their overall acceptance because most of the off-odor volatiles disappeared during the storage. Water temperature was the most important parameter in dissolving spray-dried non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics, and 55°C to 75°C was the optimal water temperature conditions to dissolve them. CONCLUSION Higher amounts of yolk and soy protein combinations in place of egg white reduced the cost of the products significantly and those products contained better and balanced nutrients than the commercial coffee creamers. However, off-flavor and solubility were two important issues in the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Huang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Egg Processing Technology Local Joint National Engineering Research Center, National R&D Center for Egg Processing, Wuhan, Hubei 430070,
China
| | - Eun Joo Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751,
USA
| | - Dong U. Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011,
USA
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Bocsa CD, Moisoiu V, Stefancu A, Leopold LF, Leopold N, Fodor D. Knee osteoarthritis grading by resonant Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) analysis of synovial fluid. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 20:102012. [PMID: 31085345 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this preliminary study on synovial fluid (SF), knee osteoarthritis (OA) grading of n = 23 patients was accomplished by combining two methods: resonant Raman spectroscopy, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of native proteins acquired with iodide-modified silver nanoparticles and a laser emitting at 633 nm. Based on principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA), the SERS spectra of proteins enabled the classification of low-grade and high-grade OA groups with an accuracy of 91%. Resonant Raman spectra of SF, recorded with laser excitation at 532 nm, exhibited carotenoid-associated bands that were less intense in the case of high-grade knee OA patients. Based on the resonant Raman spectra, the grading of OA patients was accomplished with an accuracy of 74%. Concatenating SERS and Raman spectral information increased the classification accuracy between the two groups to 100%. These results demonstrate the potential of Raman and SERS as a point-of-care method for aiding OA grading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina D Bocsa
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad Moisoiu
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Stefancu
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Loredana F Leopold
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicolae Leopold
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Daniela Fodor
- 2(nd) Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Yu M, Yan W, Beight C. Lutein and Zeaxanthin Isomers Reduce Photoreceptor Degeneration in the Pde6b rd10 Mouse Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4374087. [PMID: 30643804 PMCID: PMC6311858 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4374087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lutein, RR-zeaxanthin, and RS-zeaxanthin (L-Z) are antioxidants which can reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and oxidative stress (OS), and ameliorate neurodegenerative diseases. However, their treatment effect in the Pde6b rd10 (rd10) mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and the underlying cellular mechanisms have not been studied. ERS is an important factor which causes photoreceptor apoptosis. The aim of the current project is to test the treatment effect of L-Z in rd10 mice and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of ERS. METHODS L-Z (Lutemax 2020, 10 mg/kg) diluted in sunflower oil (SFO, 1 mg/ml) or the same volume of SFO was administrated via gavage from postnatal day 6 (P6) to P20 daily in L-Z group (n=5) or SFO group (n=6) of rd10 mice. At P21, electroretinography (ERG) was performed to show the functional change of retinas. 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and endoplasmic reticulum protein 29 (ERp29) were tested by western blot and immunostaining. RESULTS The ERG amplitudes were larger in the L-Z group than those of the SFO group in all flash luminances of dark-adapted and light-adapted ERG (all p < 0.01). Western blot revealed that GRP78 in the retinas of the L-Z group was significantly downregulated compared to that of the SFO group (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, the retinal ERp29 protein was significantly upregulated in the L-Z treatment group than that of the SFO group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS L-Z provide protection to the photoreceptors of rd10 mouse model of RP, which is probably associated with the reduction of ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhong Yu
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Weiming Yan
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Aerospace Medicine, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the National Education Ministry, Fourth Military University, Xi'an, China
| | - Craig Beight
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Raimundo M, Mira F, Cachulo MDL, Barreto P, Ribeiro L, Farinha C, Laíns I, Nunes S, Alves D, Figueira J, Merle BMJ, Delcourt C, Santos L, Silva R. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet, lifestyle and age-related macular degeneration: the Coimbra Eye Study - report 3. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96:e926-e932. [PMID: 30218481 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the lifestyle and nutritional risk profile associated with the Mediterranean diet in a Portuguese population with and without age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS Nested case-control study (n = 883) within the Coimbra Eye Study, including 434 subjects with AMD and 449 age- and sex-matched subjects without AMD. All enrolled subjects underwent a full risk assessment, including lifestyle-related risk factors and a thorough food frequency questionnaire. This allowed us to build an adherence score to the Mediterranean diet (mediSCORE, range 0-9) constructed from individual food intakes. Food intake was also further analysed by conversion to micronutrient consumption. RESULTS Our results suggest that physical activity has a protective role in AMD [p = 0.018 after multivariate adjustment, OR: 0.69 (0.51-0.93)]. High (mediSCORE ≥6) was also found to be protective [p = 0.041, OR: 0.62 (95% CI: 0.38-0.97)]. Food group analysis unveiled a specific protective role for increased fruits consumption (p = 0.029). Finally, micronutrient analysis revealed a protective role associated with increased consumption of caffeine, fibres, beta-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION High mediSCORE appears to confer protection against the development of AMD in a Mediterranean population. This effect is driven by increased consumption of fruits and some antioxidant micronutrients, which emerged as statistically significant protective factors. Further studies are required to establish dietary recommendations with clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Raimundo
- Ophthalmology Department; Coimbra University Hospital Centre (CHUC); Coimbra Portugal
| | - Filipe Mira
- Faculty of Medicine; Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences; University of Coimbra (FMUC-IBILI); Coimbra Portugal
| | - Maria da Luz Cachulo
- Ophthalmology Department; Coimbra University Hospital Centre (CHUC); Coimbra Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine; Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences; University of Coimbra (FMUC-IBILI); Coimbra Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI); Coimbra Portugal
| | - Patrícia Barreto
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI); Coimbra Portugal
| | - Luísa Ribeiro
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI); Coimbra Portugal
| | - Cláudia Farinha
- Ophthalmology Department; Coimbra University Hospital Centre (CHUC); Coimbra Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI); Coimbra Portugal
| | - Inês Laíns
- Ophthalmology Department; Coimbra University Hospital Centre (CHUC); Coimbra Portugal
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Sandrina Nunes
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI); Coimbra Portugal
| | - Dalila Alves
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI); Coimbra Portugal
| | - João Figueira
- Ophthalmology Department; Coimbra University Hospital Centre (CHUC); Coimbra Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine; Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences; University of Coimbra (FMUC-IBILI); Coimbra Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI); Coimbra Portugal
| | - Bénédicte MJ Merle
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center; Team LEHA; UMR 1219; University of Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - Cécile Delcourt
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center; Team LEHA; UMR 1219; University of Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - Lèlita Santos
- Faculty of Medicine; Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences; University of Coimbra (FMUC-IBILI); Coimbra Portugal
- Internal Medicine; Coimbra University Hospital Centre; Coimbra Portugal
| | - Rufino Silva
- Ophthalmology Department; Coimbra University Hospital Centre (CHUC); Coimbra Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine; Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences; University of Coimbra (FMUC-IBILI); Coimbra Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI); Coimbra Portugal
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Li J, Engelberth AS. Quantification and purification of lutein and zeaxanthin recovered from distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-018-0219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Hybrid Mn-Porphyrin-Nanogold Nanomaterial Applied for the Spectrophotometric Detection of β-Carotene. J CHEM-NY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/5323561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A hybrid formed between Mn(III) tetratolyl-porphyrin chloride (MnTTPCl) and spherical gold colloid (n-Au),MnTTPCl/n-Au, was tested along with its component nanomaterials as promising candidates in the detection ofβ-carotene from ethanol solutions. Among the investigated nanomaterials, the largestβ-carotene concentration interval detectable by UV-Vis spectrophotometry (9.80 × 10−6 M–1.15 × 10−4 M) was obtained when using theMnTTPCl/n-Auhybrid. This hybrid material gives rise to the widest absorption band, covering the range of 425 nm to 581 nm after treatment withβ-carotene.
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Nunes S, Alves D, Barreto P, Raimundo M, da Luz Cachulo M, Farinha C, Laíns I, Rodrigues J, Almeida C, Ribeiro L, Figueira J, Santos L, Silva R. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and its association with age-related macular degeneration. The Coimbra Eye Study-Report 4. Nutrition 2018; 51-52:6-12. [PMID: 29547735 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to characterize the association of lifestyle and nutritional risk profiles with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in two subpopulations with differing AMD prevalence. METHODS This case-control study (n = 1992) included 768 patients with AMD and 1224 age- and sex-matched participants without AMD with a single visit at a primary health care unit. Enrolled participants completed a validated lifestyle and food frequency questionnaire. A score to measure adherence to the Mediterranean diet (mediSCORE; Range, 0-9) was constructed from individual food intakes, which were further analyzed by conversion to nutrient consumption. RESULTS Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet (mediSCORE ≥6) was significantly associated with no AMD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.73; P = 0.009). The subpopulation with lower AMD prevalence presented significantly higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet in relation to all individual food groups that comprised the mediSCORE (P < 0.014) with the exception of cereals. Food group analysis showed significant associations between the increased consumption of vegetables (OR = 0.63; P < 0.001) and fruit and nuts (OR = 0.78; P = 0.010) with no AMD. Nutrient analysis revealed that an increased ingestion of water, fibers, total fat, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid, vitamins A and C, carotene, alpha-tocopherol, folate, magnesium, iron, and zinc were significantly associated with no AMD (P < 0.0013). Finally, regular physical activity was associated with no AMD (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS High adherence to a Mediterranean diet and regular physical activity seem to be protective factors for AMD in a Portuguese population. The effect of the diet is likely driven by the increased consumption of vegetables, fruits, and nuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrina Nunes
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Dalila Alves
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Barreto
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Raimundo
- Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria da Luz Cachulo
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal; Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Farinha
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal; Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Laíns
- Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - João Rodrigues
- Primary Health Care Unit of Lousã, Unidade de Saúde Familiar da Serra da Lousã e Trevim Sol, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Luísa Ribeiro
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Figueira
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal; Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lelita Santos
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Serviço de Medicina Interna, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rufino Silva
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal; Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Johnson QR, Mostofian B, Fuente Gomez G, Smith JC, Cheng X. Effects of carotenoids on lipid bilayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:3795-3804. [PMID: 29349456 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07126d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids have been found to be important in improving the integrity of biomembranes in eukaryotes. However, the molecular details of how carotenoids modulate the physical properties of biomembranes are unknown. To this end, we have conducted a series of molecular dynamics simulations of different biologically-relevant membranes in the presence of carotenoids. The carotenoid effect on the membrane was found to be specific to the identity of the carotenoid and the composition of the membrane itself. Therefore, different classes of carotenoids produce a different effect on the membrane, and different membrane phases are affected differently by carotenoids. It is apparent from our data that carotenoids do trigger the bilayer to become thinner. The mechanism by which this occurs depends on two competing factors, the ability of the lipid tails of opposing monolayers to either (1) compress or (2) interdigitate as the bilayer condenses. Indeed, carotenoids directly influence the physical properties via these two mechanisms, thus compacting the bilayer. However, the degree to which these competing mechanisms are utilized depends on the bilayer phase and the carotenoid identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin R Johnson
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Zhao C, Shen X, Guo M. Stability of lutein encapsulated whey protein nano-emulsion during storage. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192511. [PMID: 29415071 PMCID: PMC5802924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutein is a hydrophobic carotenoid that has multiple health functions. However, the application of lutein is limited due to its poor solubility in water and instability under certain conditions during storage. Hereby we generated lutein loaded nano-emulsions using whey protein isolate (WPI) or polymerized whey protein isolate (PWP) with assistance of high intensity ultrasound and evaluate their stability during storage at different conditions. We measured the particle size, zeta-potential, physical stability and lutein content change. Results showed that the PWP based nano-emulsion system was not stable in the tested Oil/Water/Ethanol system indicated by the appearance of stratification within only one week. The WPI based nano-emulsion system showed stable physiochemical stability during the storage at 4°C. The lutein content of the system was reduced by only 4% after four weeks storage at 4°C. In conclusion, our whey protein based nano-emulsion system provides a promising strategy for encapsulation of lutein or other hydrophobic bioactive molecules to expand their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xue Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingruo Guo
- Department of food science, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
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Zhang K, Zhong Q, Chen S, Guo C, Xu Y, Liu Y, Sun W, Yan Y, Zhao P. An epidemiological investigation of age-related macular degeneration in aged population in China: the Hainan study. Int Ophthalmol 2017; 38:1659-1667. [PMID: 28688024 PMCID: PMC6061009 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0639-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the risk factors in the residents aged ≥50 years in Hainan Province. Methods Random sampling was carried out in four separated cities in Hainan Province in 2015. All the subjects accomplished the standard questionnaire and ocular examinations. The diagnosis of AMD was performed based on the criteria proposed by Beckman Initiative for Macular Research Classification Committee. Results Three hundred and fifty-seven subjects (15.6%) were diagnosed with AMD, including 267 (11.7%) of early AMD, 64 (2.80%) of intermediate AMD and 24 (1.1%) of late AMD, respectively. The factors associated with the prevalence of AMD included age, educational level, smoking, outdoor activities and diet. The prevalence of AMD increased with age, lower educational level, smoking or less outdoor activities. The prevalence of AMD in those with a diet of meat or eggs was higher compared with a diet of vegetables or fish. The prevalence of early, intermediate and late AMD in the aged population in Hainan Province was 11.7, 2.8 and 1.1%, respectively. Conclusions Age and smoking were the risk factors for AMD, while the educational level and outdoor activities were the protective factors. Early AMD mostly occurred in those aged 50–59 years and 60–69 years, while intermediate and late AMD occurred in 70–79 years and older than 80 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, 570311, China.
| | - Qionglei Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Siying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Chuanxian Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Yijie Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Puning Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, 570311, China
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Murillo AG, DiMarco DM, Fernandez ML. The Potential of Non-Provitamin A Carotenoids for the Prevention and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. BIOLOGY 2016; 5:biology5040042. [PMID: 27834813 PMCID: PMC5192422 DOI: 10.3390/biology5040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an obesity-associated spectrum of comorbidities defined by the presence of metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver. If left untreated, NAFLD can progress to cirrhosis, liver failure, or hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is recognized as the most common liver disease in the United States, affecting around 30% of the population. Identification of dietary components capable of reducing or preventing NAFLD is therefore essential to battle this condition. Dietary carotenoids including astaxanthin, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin have been demonstrated to be potent antioxidants as well as to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. Many studies report the protective effect(s) of these carotenoids against different conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetic complications, age-related macular degeneration, and liver diseases. In this review, we will focus on the effects of these carotenoids in the prevention or reduction of NAFLD as seen in epidemiological observations and clinical trials, as well as the suggested mechanism of action derived from animal and cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gabriela Murillo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Diana M DiMarco
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Moreno JA, Díaz-Gómez J, Nogareda C, Angulo E, Sandmann G, Portero-Otin M, Serrano JCE, Twyman RM, Capell T, Zhu C, Christou P. The distribution of carotenoids in hens fed on biofortified maize is influenced by feed composition, absorption, resource allocation and storage. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35346. [PMID: 27739479 PMCID: PMC5064355 DOI: 10.1038/srep35346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are important dietary nutrients with health-promoting effects. The biofortification of staple foods with carotenoids provides an efficient delivery strategy but little is known about the fate and distribution of carotenoids supplied in this manner. The chicken provides a good model of human carotenoid metabolism so we supplemented the diets of laying hens using two biofortified maize varieties with distinct carotenoid profiles and compared the fate of the different carotenoids in terms of distribution in the feed, the hen's livers and the eggs. We found that after a period of depletion, pro-vitamin A (PVA) carotenoids were preferentially diverted to the liver and relatively depleted in the eggs, whereas other carotenoids were transported to the eggs even when the liver remained depleted. When retinol was included in the diet, it accumulated more in the eggs than the livers, whereas PVA carotenoids showed the opposite profile. Our data suggest that a transport nexus from the intestinal lumen to the eggs introduces bottlenecks that cause chemically-distinct classes of carotenoids to be partitioned in different ways. This nexus model will allow us to optimize animal feed and human diets to ensure that the health benefits of carotenoids are delivered in the most effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio Moreno
- Department of Animal Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Joana Díaz-Gómez
- Department of Animal Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Department of Food Technology, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Carmina Nogareda
- Department of Animal Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Eduardo Angulo
- Department of Animal Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Gerhard Sandmann
- Biosynthesis Group, Department of Molecular Biosciences, J. W. Goethe University, Max-v-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida–Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - José C. E. Serrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida–Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Teresa Capell
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Nogareda C, Moreno JA, Angulo E, Sandmann G, Portero M, Capell T, Zhu C, Christou P. Carotenoid-enriched transgenic corn delivers bioavailable carotenoids to poultry and protects them against coccidiosis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:160-168. [PMID: 25846059 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are health-promoting organic molecules that act as antioxidants and essential nutrients. We show that chickens raised on a diet enriched with an engineered corn variety containing very high levels of four key carotenoids (β-carotene, lycopene, zeaxanthin and lutein) are healthy and accumulate more bioavailable carotenoids in peripheral tissues, muscle, skin and fat, and more retinol in the liver, than birds fed on standard corn diets (including commercial corn supplemented with colour additives). Birds were challenged with the protozoan parasite Eimeria tenella and those on the high-carotenoid diet grew normally, suffered only mild disease symptoms (diarrhoea, footpad dermatitis and digital ulcers) and had lower faecal oocyst counts than birds on the control diet. Our results demonstrate that carotenoid-rich corn maintains poultry health and increases the nutritional value of poultry products without the use of feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmina Nogareda
- Department of Animal Production, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jose A Moreno
- Department of Animal Production, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Eduardo Angulo
- Department of Animal Production, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gerhard Sandmann
- Biosynthesis Group, Department of Molecular Biosciences, J. W. Goethe Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Manuel Portero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Teresa Capell
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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Murillo AG, Fernandez ML. Potential of Dietary Non-Provitamin A Carotenoids in the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Microvascular Complications. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:14-24. [PMID: 26773012 PMCID: PMC4717886 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.009803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that affects a substantial part of the population around the world. Whether type I or type II, this disease has serious macro- and microvascular complications that constitute the primary cause of death in diabetic patients. Microvascular complications include diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Although these complications are clinically and etiologically diverse, they share a common factor: glucose-induced damage. In the progression of diabetic complications, oxidative stress, inflammation, and the formation of glycation end products play an important role. Previous studies have shown that a healthy diet is vital in preventing these complications; in particular, the intake of antioxidants has been studied for their potential effect in ameliorating hyperglycemic injuries. Carotenoids are lipid-soluble pigments synthesized by plants, bacteria, and some kinds of algae that are responsible for the yellow, red, and orange colors in food. These compounds are part of the antioxidant machinery in plants and have also shown their efficacy in quenching free radicals, scavenging reactive oxygen species, modulating gene expression, and reducing inflammation in vitro and in vivo, showing that they can potentially be used as part of a preventive strategy for metabolic disorders, including diabetes and its related complications. This review highlights the potential protective effects of 4 non-provitamin A carotenoids--lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, and astaxanthin--in the development and progression of diabetic microvascular complications.
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Motsa NM, Modi AT, Mabhaudhi T. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) as a drought tolerant and food security crop. S AFR J SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2015/20140252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Sweet potato is an important ‘indigenised’ root crop in South Africa. It features prominently in smallholder cropping systems because of its versatility, drought tolerance and positive role in food security. It outranks most staple crops in vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and protein content. Much information is available on sweet potato as a drought tolerant and food security crop, but critical reviews that link its drought tolerance with food security are lacking. We review sweet potato as a food security crop, focusing on mechanisms associated with drought. We conclude that the crop has great potential in the light of imminent challenges associated with drought as a negative effect of climate change.
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Song JF, Li DJ, Pang HL, Liu CQ. Effect of ultrasonic waves on the stability of all-trans lutein and its degradation kinetics. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 27:602-608. [PMID: 25934130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound treatment has been widely applied in the extraction of biologically active compounds including carotenoids. However, there are few reports on their effects on the stability of these compounds. In the present study, the stability of all-trans lutein, one of the carotenoids, was investigated under the action of ultrasound. Results showed that ultrasound induced the isomerization of all-trans lutein to its isomers, namely to 13-cis lutein, 13'-cis lutein, 9-cis lutein and 9'-cis lutein as analyzed by HPLC coupled with DAD and LC-MS; and the percentage of the isomerization increased with increasing both ultrasonic frequency and power. The stability of all-trans lutein in dichloromethane was worst among multiple kinds of solvents. Interestingly, the retention rate of all-trans lutein improved as the temperature increased, which runs counter to the Arrhenius law. Under ultrasound irradiation, the degradation mechanism might be different with various temperatures, the degradation of all-trans lutein followed first-order kinetics at 20°C, while second-order kinetics was followed at 30-50°C. As the ultrasonic reaction time prolonged, lutein epoxidation nearly occurred. Those results presented here emphasized that UAE techniques should be carefully used in the extraction of all-trans lutein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Feng Song
- Institute of Farm Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; National Research and Development Center for Vegetable Processing, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Da-Jing Li
- Institute of Farm Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Hui-Li Pang
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chun-Quan Liu
- Institute of Farm Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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45
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Lutein Leads to a Decrease of Factor D Secretion by Cultured Mature Human Adipocytes. J Ophthalmol 2015; 2015:430741. [PMID: 26504594 PMCID: PMC4609459 DOI: 10.1155/2015/430741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Complement plays an important role in the pathogenesis of age related macular degeneration (AMD) and trials are currently being conducted to investigate the effect of complement inhibition on AMD progression. We previously found that the plasma level of factor D (FD), which is the rate limiting enzyme of the complement alternative pathway, was significantly decreased following lutein supplementation. FD is synthesized by adipose tissue, which is also the main storage site of lutein. In view of these findings we tested the hypothesis whether lutein could affect FD synthesis by adipocytes. Methods. A cell line of mature human adipocytes was incubated with 50 μg/mL lutein for 24 and 48 h, whereafter FD mRNA and protein expression were measured. Results. Lutein significantly inhibited adipocyte FD mRNA expression and FD protein release into adipocyte culture supernatants. Conclusions. Our earlier observations showing that a daily lutein supplement in individuals with early signs of AMD lowered the level of circulating FD might be caused by blocking adipocyte FD production.
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46
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Preparation and characterization of spray dried complexes of lutein with cyclodextrins. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-015-0542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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47
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Tian Y, Kijlstra A, Webers CAB, Berendschot TTJM. Lutein and Factor D: two intriguing players in the field of age-related macular degeneration. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 572:49-53. [PMID: 25637656 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye disease that impairs central vision among elderly populations in Western, industrialized countries. In this review we will focus on the role of factor D (FD) and lutein in AMD. FD is a rate-limiting enzyme of the alternative complement activation pathway that may play an important role in the development of AMD. Several independent studies have shown a significant increase in the level of a number of complement factors of the alternative pathway, including factor D in the blood of AMD patients as compared to healthy individuals, which suggests a systemic involvement in the pathogenesis of AMD. FD, also called adipsin, is mainly produced by adipose tissue. Besides playing a role in the activation of the alternative pathway, FD is also known to regulate the immune system. Of interest is our preliminary finding that lutein supplementation of early AMD cases was shown to lower the level of systemic FD. If confirmed, these findings provide further support for the application of anti-factor D intervention as a new approach to control the development of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aize Kijlstra
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Mansour RB, Jilani IBH, Bouaziz M, Gargouri B, Elloumi N, Attia H, Ghrabi-Gammar Z, Lassoued S. Phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Capparis spinosa. Cytotechnology 2014; 68:135-142. [PMID: 25377263 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Caper plant (Capparis spinosa) extracts have been associated with diverse biological activities including anti-oxidant properties. In this work, we characterized the hydro-ethanolic extract obtained from C. spinosa leaves [hydroethanolic extract of C. spinosa (HECS)] by analyzing the content in anti-oxidant compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Further, we evaluated HECS antioxidant activities in vitro using bleaching of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and ABTS test as well as by pretreatment of HeLa cells exposed to Fe(2+) or H2O2. Our findings indicate that HECS contains high amount of total phenolic compounds and high levels of flavonoids and anthocyanins. Furthermore, HECS exhibited antioxidant activity in both chemical and biological tests. Specially, pretreatment of HeLa cells with different concentrations of the extract conferred protection against lipid peroxidation and modulated activities of two antioxidant enzymes, SOD and catalase. These results revealed HECS antioxidant effects and suggest that C. spinosa leaves are a potential source of natural antioxidant molecules with possible applications in industry and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Ben Mansour
- Laboratoire d'analyse, valorisation et sécurité des aliments, groupe de recherche «Biotechnologie et pathologies», Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Route Sokra Km 4, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Imtinen Ben Haj Jilani
- Unité de Recherche Biogéographie, Climatologie Appliquée et Dynamique Erosive, Faculté des Lettres, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, des Arts et des Humanités de Manouba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohammed Bouaziz
- Laboratoire des Bioprocédés Environnementaux, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP: «1177», 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Bochra Gargouri
- Laboratoire d'analyse, valorisation et sécurité des aliments, groupe de recherche «Biotechnologie et pathologies», Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Route Sokra Km 4, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nésrine Elloumi
- Laboratoire d'analyse, valorisation et sécurité des aliments, groupe de recherche «Biotechnologie et pathologies», Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Route Sokra Km 4, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamadi Attia
- Laboratoire d'analyse, valorisation et sécurité des aliments, groupe de recherche «Biotechnologie et pathologies», Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Route Sokra Km 4, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zeineb Ghrabi-Gammar
- Unité de Recherche Biogéographie, Climatologie Appliquée et Dynamique Erosive, Faculté des Lettres, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, des Arts et des Humanités de Manouba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Saloua Lassoued
- Laboratoire d'analyse, valorisation et sécurité des aliments, groupe de recherche «Biotechnologie et pathologies», Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Route Sokra Km 4, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
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Pan JW, Che-Wen C, Huang KD, Wu CY. Demonstration of a broad band spectral head-mounted display with freeform mirrors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:12785-12798. [PMID: 24921474 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.012785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the retina can produce visual perception for blind patients suffering from macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. In order to let the retinal chip generate enough electrical stimulation, the near infrared ray source is added to enhance the stimulation current. However, it is a challenge to design a head-mounted display (HMD) that covers both visible and infrared rays. Since the HMD system covers such a broad spectral band, large color aberrations will be induced. In order to eliminate these large aberrations, a mirror system is adopted that will create a no color aberration system. We also use two freeform mirrors (FFMs) to reduce residual aberrations such as spherical aberrations and coma. The FFMs serve as the near-eye viewing optics that magnifies the image which is displayed through a microdisplay. Based on a 0.61 in. microdisplay, the HMD system demonstrates a diagonal field of view (FOV) of 30 degree and an f/# of 3.75, with an exit pupil diameter of 8 mm and eye clearance of 15mm.
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50
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Arnold C, Jentsch S, Dawczynski J, Böhm V. Age-related macular degeneration: Effects of a short-term intervention with an oleaginous kale extract--a pilot study. Nutrition 2014; 29:1412-7. [PMID: 24103519 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial degenerative disease of the retina, which accounts for slowly progressive visual impairment in the elderly. An increased dietary intake of xanthophylls is suggested to be inversely related to the risk of macular disease. METHODS The present study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial examining the influence of a short-term intervention with an oleaginous extract of Brassica oleracea var. sabellica L. (kale) on plasma xanthophyll concentrations and the optical density of the macular pigment xanthophylls (MPOD). Twenty patients with non-exudative AMD were recruited for a 10-wk study period (2-wk run-in, 4-wk intervention, 4-wk washout). All participants received 50 mL of a beverage containing either an oleaginous extract of kale (kale) or refined rapeseed oil (placebo). The verum product provides 10 mg lutein and 3 mg zeaxanthin per day. RESULTS The concentrations of the xanthophylls in plasma and the MPOD increased significantly in the kale group after 4 wk of intervention. The successive washout period resulted in a significant decline of the values in plasma and macula. The values at the end of the study were still significantly higher than the initial values. Nevertheless, the improvements did not persist over 4 wk of washout. CONCLUSION The distribution of the xanthophylls in the macula seems to be more dynamic than originally assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Arnold
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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