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Pan N, Yang C, Suo X, Shekara A, Hu S, Gong Q, Wang S. Sex differences in the relationship between brain gray matter volume and psychological resilience in late adolescence. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1057-1066. [PMID: 37212908 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Psychological resilience reflects an individual's ability to adapt and cope successfully in adverse environments and situations, making it a crucial trait in resisting stress-linked mental disorders and physical diseases. Although prior literature has consistently shown that males are more resilient than females, the sex-linked neuroanatomical correlates of psychological resilience are largely unknown. This study aims to explore the sex-specific relation between psychological resilience and brain gray matter volume (GMV) in adolescents via structural magnetic resonance imaging (s-MRI). A cohort of 231 healthy adolescents (121/110 females/males), aged 16 to 20 completed brain s-MRI scanning and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and other controlling behavioral tests. With s-MRI data, an optimized voxel-based morphometry method was used to estimate regional GMV, and a whole-brain condition-by-covariate interaction analysis was performed to identify the brain regions showing sex effects on the relation between psychological resilience and GMV. Male adolescents scored significantly higher than females on the CD-RISC. The association of psychological resilience with GMV differed between the two sex groups in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex extending to the adjacent anterior insula, with a positive correlation among males and a negative correlation among females. The sex-specific association between psychological resilience and GMV might be linked to sex differences in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and brain maturation during adolescence. This study may be novel in revealing the sex-linked neuroanatomical basis of psychological resilience, highlighting the need for a more thorough investigation of the role of sex in future studies of psychological resilience and stress-related illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanfang Pan
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueling Suo
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Aniruddha Shekara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Samantha Hu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.
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Hall CE, Wehling H, Stansfield J, South J, Brooks SK, Greenberg N, Amlôt R, Weston D. Examining the role of community resilience and social capital on mental health in public health emergency and disaster response: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2482. [PMID: 38082247 PMCID: PMC10714503 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the public to remain psychologically resilient in the face of public health emergencies and disasters (such as the COVID-19 pandemic) is a key factor in the effectiveness of a national response to such events. Community resilience and social capital are often perceived as beneficial and ensuring that a community is socially and psychologically resilient may aid emergency response and recovery. This review presents a synthesis of literature which answers the following research questions: How are community resilience and social capital quantified in research?; What is the impact of community resilience on mental wellbeing?; What is the impact of infectious disease outbreaks, disasters and emergencies on community resilience and social capital?; and, What types of interventions enhance community resilience and social capital?A scoping review procedure was followed. Searches were run across Medline, PsycInfo, and EMBASE, with search terms covering both community resilience and social capital, public health emergencies, and mental health. 26 papers met the inclusion criteria.The majority of retained papers originated in the USA, used a survey methodology to collect data, and involved a natural disaster. There was no common method for measuring community resilience or social capital. The association between community resilience and social capital with mental health was regarded as positive in most cases. However, we found that community resilience, and social capital, were initially negatively impacted by public health emergencies and enhanced by social group activities.Several key recommendations are proposed based on the outcomes from the review, which include: the need for a standardised and validated approach to measuring both community resilience and social capital; that there should be enhanced effort to improve preparedness to public health emergencies in communities by gauging current levels of community resilience and social capital; that community resilience and social capital should be bolstered if areas are at risk of disasters or public health emergencies; the need to ensure that suitable short-term support is provided to communities with high resilience in the immediate aftermath of a public health emergency or disaster; the importance of conducting robust evaluation of community resilience initiatives deployed during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Grants
- NIHR20008900 National Institute for Health Research Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Emergency Preparedness and Response, a partnership between Public Health England, King's College London and the University of East Anglia
- NIHR20008900 National Institute for Health Research Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Emergency Preparedness and Response, a partnership between Public Health England, King's College London and the University of East Anglia
- NIHR20008900 National Institute for Health Research Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Emergency Preparedness and Response, a partnership between Public Health England, King's College London and the University of East Anglia
- NIHR20008900 National Institute for Health Research Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Emergency Preparedness and Response, a partnership between Public Health England, King's College London and the University of East Anglia
- NIHR20008900 National Institute for Health Research Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Emergency Preparedness and Response, a partnership between Public Health England, King's College London and the University of East Anglia
- NIHR20008900 National Institute for Health Research Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Emergency Preparedness and Response, a partnership between Public Health England, King's College London and the University of East Anglia
- National Institute for Health Research Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Emergency Preparedness and Response, a partnership between Public Health England, King’s College London and the University of East Anglia
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, as part of a Collaborative Agreement with Leeds Beckett University.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Hall
- Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, Evaluation & Translation Directorate, Science Group, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
- Health Protection Research Unit, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, 10 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ, UK
| | - H Wehling
- Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, Evaluation & Translation Directorate, Science Group, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - J Stansfield
- School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds Beckett University, Portland Building, PD519, Portland Place, Leeds, LS1 3HE, UK
| | - J South
- School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds Beckett University, Portland Building, PD519, Portland Place, Leeds, LS1 3HE, UK
| | - S K Brooks
- Health Protection Research Unit, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, 10 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ, UK
| | - N Greenberg
- Health Protection Research Unit, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, 10 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ, UK
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, 10 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ, UK
| | - R Amlôt
- Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, Evaluation & Translation Directorate, Science Group, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - D Weston
- Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, Evaluation & Translation Directorate, Science Group, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK.
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Jain N, Ali T, Chaudhury S, Chaudhari B, Saldanha D. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on the psychosocial health of medical students. Ind Psychiatry J 2023; 32:S201-S205. [PMID: 38370945 PMCID: PMC10871437 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_221_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic had many psychological adverse effects due to fear and panic of infection. However social distancing and lockdown restrictions imposed to curb the spread of infection had an impact on the social life of people. The effects of this on the psychosocial health of the population were less explored area. Aim To study the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on the psychosocial health of medical students. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on medical students with the help of an online Google Form administering a questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic information; Coronavirus Social Distance Attitudes Scale and Attitude toward lockdown measure to assess favorable or opposing attitudes of participants toward social distancing and lockdown; Bergen Social Relationship Scale, Evaluation of Social System scale and Social Support Questionnaire to measure quality of social relations and social support satisfaction; and three item loneliness scale to evaluate feeling of loneliness. Results The loneliness levels in participants were high (mean = 6.74 ± 0.79). There was a gender difference in the variables measured. Male students showed a favorable attitude toward social distancing (Positive social distance attitude scale P < 0.001, negative social distance attitude scale P < 0.001) and a better quality of social relations (Bergen Social relationship P < 0.001, evaluation of social system P < 0.001, SSQN P < 0.001, SSQS P < 0.001). However, male students scored more for loneliness as compared to females during the lockdown period (P < 0.001). Conclusion The loneliness levels were high in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown and even higher in males who were considered a non-vulnerable group. So the balanced approach between preventive restriction measures and the social connectedness of the population is advised for making social distancing policies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitya Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tahoora Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suprakash Chaudhury
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhushan Chaudhari
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Daniel Saldanha
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Gourley M, Starkweather S, Roberson K, Katz CL, Marin DB, Costello Z, DePierro J. Supporting Faith-Based Communities Through and Beyond the Pandemic. J Community Health 2023; 48:593-599. [PMID: 36790556 PMCID: PMC9929242 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01193-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic brought widespread and notable effects to the physical and mental health of communities across New York City with disproportionate suffering Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino communities alongside additional stressors such as racism and economic hardship. This report describes the adaptation of a previously successful evidence-based community engagement health education program for the deployment of resilience promoting workshop program in faith-based organizations in BIPOC communities in New York City. From June 2021 to June 2022, nine faith-based organizations implemented 58 workshops to 1,101 non-unique workshop participants. Most of the workshops were delivered online with more women (N = 803) than men (N = 298) participating. All organizations completed the full curriculum; the workshop focused on self-care and physical fitness was repeated most frequently (N = 13). Participants in the workshops ranged from 4 to 73 per meeting and were largely female. The Building Community Resilience Project is an easy and effective way to modify an existing, evidence-based community health education program to address new and relevant health needs such as resilience and stress amidst the COVID-19 pandemic among faith communities serving BIPOC populations. More research is needed regarding the impact of the workshops as well as adaptability for other faith traditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Gourley
- Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Spirituality and Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sydney Starkweather
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katheryn Roberson
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Global Health and Health Systems Design, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health Science & Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig L Katz
- Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Global Health and Health Systems Design, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deborah B Marin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zorina Costello
- Center for Spirituality and Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan DePierro
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Irasanti SN, Respati T, Januarita R, Yuniarti Y, Chen HWJ, Marzo RR. Domain and perception on community resilience: comparison between two countries. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1157837. [PMID: 37529438 PMCID: PMC10387521 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1157837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak demonstrates how unprepared the world is for a different type of crisis, especially non-physical calamities. Revitalizing community involvement in disaster management is essential for making a community resilient. Due to differing sociocultural contexts, the resilience perceptions of communities in different parts of the world may vary. This study aims to understand community resilience factors after the COVID-19 disaster in Indonesia and Malaysia. Data from 2034 questionnaires using 5-interrelated domains in the Communities Advancing Resilience (CART) Toolkit Survey were collected. This study was conducted across Indonesia and Malaysia from March to April 2022. A quantitative-based cross-sectional study design and convenience sampling were applied. Respondents for this study were Indonesian and Malaysian citizens above 18 years of age who met the inclusion criteria. A total of 2034 respondents, 715 from Indonesia and 1,315 from Malaysia responded to the survey. The results suggest that Indonesian and Malaysian communities' Transformative Potential and Informative-Communication domains differ significantly. Indonesian communities demonstrated a higher mean value on Transformative Potential domains than Malaysian communities did, while Malaysian communities indicated a higher mean value on Informative-Communication domains. This study concludes that compared to Malaysian communities, Indonesian communities have a more significant potential for transformation because they can frame collective experiences, gather, and analyze pertinent data, evaluate community performance, and develop resilience-building abilities. On the other hand, Malaysian communities are more resilient in providing information and communication. We found the need to develop a community resilience model that incorporates specific cultural and local requirements. Cooperation between the two countries would open many possibilities to emphasize the capability to bounce back sooner after a catastrophe such as the COVID-19 pandemic and achieve Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siska Nia Irasanti
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Titik Respati
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ratna Januarita
- Department of Bussiness and Civil Law, Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Yuniarti Yuniarti
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Hana Wei Jun Chen
- Department of Public Health, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Roy Rillera Marzo
- Department of Public Health, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia
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Shan S, Zhao F. Social media-based urban disaster recovery and resilience analysis of the Henan deluge. NATURAL HAZARDS (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 118:1-29. [PMID: 37360801 PMCID: PMC10204038 DOI: 10.1007/s11069-023-06010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Measuring disaster resilience from the perspective of long-term recovery ability is important for the planning and construction of urban sustainability, whereas short-term resilient recovery can better reflect a city's ability to recover quickly after a disaster occurs. This study proposes an analytical framework for urban disaster recovery and resilience based on social media data that can analyze short-term disaster recovery and assess disaster resilience from the perspectives of infrastructure and people's psychological states. We consider the downpour in Henan, China, in July 2021. The results show that (1) social media data can effectively reflect short-term disaster recovery, (2) disaster resilience can be assessed using social media data combined with rainfall and damage data, and (3) the framework can quantitatively reflect the differences in disaster recovery and resilience across regions. The findings can facilitate better decision-making in disaster emergency management for precise and effective post-disaster reconstruction and psychological intervention, and provide references for cities to improve disaster resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Shan
- School of Economics and Management, BeiHang University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Economics and Management, BeiHang University, Beijing, China
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The Mental Health Burden of Patients with Colorectal Cancer Receiving Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of the PICO-SM Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041226. [PMID: 36831568 PMCID: PMC9954113 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented changes to the lives of patients with cancer. To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and well-being of patients with colorectal cancer, we conducted a prospective longitudinal questionnaire study at a UK tertiary cancer centre. In total, 216 participants were included: mean age 65 years, 57% (n = 122) male, 92% (n = 198) of white ethnicity. Amongst participants who completed the screening psychometric questionnaire, 24% (n = 48/203) reported anxiety (GAD-7 ≥ 5), 15% (n = 31/204) depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10), 3% (n = 5/190) probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PC-PTSD-5 ≥ 4), and 31% (n = 66/213) poor well-being (WHO-5 < 50). In the subgroup (n = 95/216, 44%) who consented to and completed a follow-up survey 6 months later, there was a significant increase in the number of participants at risk of depression (4% vs. 13%, p = 0.021). Self-reported concern about the COVID-19 pandemic impacting one's mental health is associated with increased likelihood of anxiety, depression, and poor well-being, in respective multivariate analyses. In conclusion, screening for the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is essential to ensure timely action from all key stakeholders and to avoid potentially longer-term detrimental consequences.
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Cuthbertson J, Archer F, Robertson A, Rodriguez-Llanes J. A Socio-Health Approach to Improve Local Disaster Resilience and Contain Secondary Crises: A Case Study in an Agricultural Community Exposed to Bushfires in Australia. Prehosp Disaster Med 2023; 38:1-8. [PMID: 36606323 PMCID: PMC9885428 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x22002436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent large-scale disasters have exposed the interconnected nature of modern societies, exacerbating the risk of cascading impacts. Examining elements of community health status, such as social determinants of health, their perceived health status, and how they relate to disaster resilience, can illuminate alternative actions for cost-effective disaster prevention and management. Moreover, agricultural communities are essential to food security and provide a working example of the importance of mitigation in escalation of crises. To that aim, this research examines perceptions of the relationship between disaster resilience and determinants of health, including health status. Participants also reported their views on perceived vulnerable groups in their community and proposed design characteristics of more effective community disaster plans.Here investigated are these elements in a small agricultural community of Western Australia previously exposed to bushfires. A questionnaire was used based on health elements from the Social Determinants of Health described by the World Health Organization (WHO) and compared this with quantitative data describing the community health status. A mixed methods approach combining qualitative (semi-structured interview) and quantitative (closed questions using a Likert scale) tools was undertaken with a small group of community members.It was found that community connection and social capital were perceived to provide knowledge and support that enhanced individual disaster risk awareness and preparedness and improved an individual's disaster resilience. Stress and social exclusion within a community were perceived to decrease an individual's resilience to disaster. Disaster resilience was reported to be a function of good physical and mental health. To achieve effective disaster planning, community partnership in the development, education, and testing of plans and robust communication were described as essential traits in community emergency plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Cuthbertson
- Monash University Disaster Resilience Initiative, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank Archer
- Monash University Disaster Resilience Initiative, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andy Robertson
- Western Australia Department of Health, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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9
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Measuring ego-resiliency in Barbados with the ER89-revised version. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Broks VMA, Stegers-Jager KM, van der Waal J, van den Broek WW, Woltman AM. Medical students' crisis-induced stress and the association with social support. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278577. [PMID: 36454995 PMCID: PMC9714810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical schools are challenged to guard student wellbeing given the potential negative impact of the COVID-19 outbreak combined with an already high prevalence of mental distress. Although social support is generally associated with less crisis-induced stress, it is unknown whether this applies to medical students during the COVID-19 outbreak. OBJECTIVES The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on perceived stress of medical students was assessed by comparing their perceived stress levels during the outbreak to both their own baseline and the previous cohort's pre-COVID-19 stress levels. Then, the association between social support and stress during the COVID-19 outbreak was assessed. METHODS Dutch Year-1 medical students of cohort 2019 (n = 99) completed the 14-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) at two time points: baseline (pre-COVID-19) and final measurement (COVID-19). Social support-emotional-informational support and club membership-was assessed during the final measurement. PSS and social support scores were compared to similar measurements of cohort 2018 (n = 196). Students' baseline stress levels, gender, and study performance were controlled for when comparing final stress levels. RESULTS In cohort 2018 (pre-COVID-19), students' perceived stress levels did not differ significantly between the baseline and final measurements. Additionally, baseline stress levels of the two cohorts (2018 and 2019) were not found to be significantly different. Cohort 2019's final stress levels (COVID-19) were significantly higher compared to their baseline stress levels (paired t-test: t = 6.07, p < .001) and cohort 2018's final stress levels (linear regression: B = 4.186, p < .001). Only during the COVID-19 outbreak higher social support levels-i.e., emotional-informational support (B = -0.75, p < .001) and club membership (B = -3.68, p < .01)-were associated with lower stress levels. CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 outbreak, medical students' perceived stress levels were higher-especially for students with lower social support levels. Our results suggest that medical schools should optimize social support to minimize crisis-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera M. A. Broks
- Institute of Medical Education Research Rotterdam, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karen M. Stegers-Jager
- Institute of Medical Education Research Rotterdam, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van der Waal
- Department of Public Administration and Sociology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Walter W. van den Broek
- Institute of Medical Education Research Rotterdam, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea M. Woltman
- Institute of Medical Education Research Rotterdam, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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11
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Guo F, Zhou A, Luo P. What determines online rumour sharing on COVID-19? A stimulus–response framework. J Inf Sci 2022. [PMCID: PMC9561523 DOI: 10.1177/01655515221126989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Based on the stimulus–response framework, this study examines the external environmental stimuli influencing online rumour sharing about COVID-19 and considers the contingent effect of fear. A large-scale online survey was used to test the proposed research model and hypotheses. The final data set comprised 2807 valid responses. The results indicate that perceptions of community safety and infection risk negatively affect online rumour sharing, while social influence positively affects online rumour sharing. Fear weakens the negative effects of community safety on online rumour sharing but strengthens the positive effect of social influence on online rumour sharing. This study provides a comprehensive analysis by applying the stimulus–response framework to explore the underlying drivers of online rumour sharing with regard to COVID-19 and the moderating effects of fear in the Chinese context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- College of Management and Economics, Qingdao Institute for Ocean Engineering, Tianjin University, China
| | - Apan Zhou
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, China
| | - Peng Luo
- School of Business, Sichuan University, China
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12
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Sabouhi S, Vaezi A, Sharbafchi MR, Aerni A, Bentz D, Coynel D, de Quervain D, Fehlmann B, Freytag V, Gerhards C, Papassotiropoulos A, Schicktanz N, Schlitt T, Zimmer A, Zuber P, Amini E. The Iranian Corona Stress Study: Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in an Iranian Population. Int J Prev Med 2022; 13:129. [PMID: 36452472 PMCID: PMC9704483 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_281_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the psychological consequences of changes during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the Iranian population. METHODS We performed an anonymous online survey in the first 3 weeks of March 2020. Individuals older than 14 who could read Persian, and lived in Iran, were eligible for the study. The participants had to rate their stress levels and depressive symptoms (using a nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-9) during the last 2 weeks and before the pandemic retrospectively. The changes in the psychological measurements and their association with the sociodemographic factors and burdens due to confinement were assessed. RESULTS Overall, among the 3,210 subjects who participated in our study, both the stress levels and average depression scores increased. However, about 23% of the subjects reported a decrease in their stress levels. The burden of childcare, restrictions in private life, and thoughts about the future were positively correlated with the changes in the stress levels and depression scores (|r| > 0.15). However, feeling relieved in the pandemic condition, and enjoying more family time were associated with less change in the stress and depression scores. Being religious (odds ratio [OR] [CI]: 1.5 [1.3-1-8]) and older age (OR [CI]: 2.9 [1.8-4.6] for >55 years old) were identified as the resilience factors, whereas being a student (OR [CI]: 2.1 [1.6;2.7]), seeking a job (OR [CI]: 2.6 [1.8;3.9]), and history of a psychiatric disorder (OR [CI]: 3.2 [2.6;4]) were identified as the risk factors for depression. CONCLUSIONS The stress levels and depressive symptoms have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic and this increase is related to different social and personal burdens due to the confinement conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Sabouhi
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Vaezi
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sharbafchi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amanda Aerni
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology and Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dorothee Bentz
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology and Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Coynel
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology and Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominique de Quervain
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology and Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Fehlmann
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology and Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Freytag
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology and Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Gerhards
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology and Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papassotiropoulos
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology and Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Schicktanz
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology and Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schlitt
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology and Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anja Zimmer
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology and Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Priska Zuber
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology and Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ehssan Amini
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology and Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Address for correspondence: Dr. Ehssan Amini, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology and Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. E-mail:
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Fontes A, Pereira CR, Menezes S, Soares A, Almeida P, Carvalho G, Arriaga P. Predictors of Health-Protective and Helping Behaviors during the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Role of Social Support and Resilience. Psychol Rep 2022:332941221123777. [PMID: 36036086 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221123777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The COVID -19 pandemic dramatically affected people's lives. In this study, we explored the role of social and personal factors underlying individuals' adaptive responses during the critical onset period of the outbreak. In particular, we tested two models on the mediating role of health-protective behaviors in the relationship between social support, resilience, and helping behavior. A sample of 1085 participants from Portugal and Brazil took part in an online survey during the first wave of the pandemic. First, through an Exploratory Factor Analysis of the health-protective behaviors to prevent contagion by the coronavirus, we identified two distinct dimensions, one aggregating active protective behaviors and the other as avoidant behaviors. Secondly, we found that resilience and active protective behavior sequentially mediated the relationship between social support and willingness to help. In addition, a multigroup analysis showed that this mediational process was similar in both countries. Given the wide range of social and individual factors that may predict prosocial behaviors, we highlight the role of social support on the intention to help through resilience and active protective behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fontes
- 56061ISCTE-University Institute of Lisbon, BRU-IUL, Portugal; and 126808Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cícero Roberto Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; and Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Sofia Menezes
- Military Academy Research Center (CINAMIL); and 56061ISCTE-University Institute of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antonio Soares
- 56061ISCTE-University Institute of Lisbon, CIS_Iscte, Portugal
| | - Pedro Almeida
- 56061ISCTE-University Institute of Lisbon, CIS_Iscte, Portugal
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Gómez-Balcácer L, Somarriba Arechavala N, Gómez-Costilla P. The Importance of Different Forms of Social Capital for Happiness in Europe: A Multilevel Structural Equation Model (GSEM). APPLIED RESEARCH IN QUALITY OF LIFE 2022; 18:601-624. [PMID: 36035603 PMCID: PMC9395802 DOI: 10.1007/s11482-022-10097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the effects of different dimensions of social capital on happiness of Europeans. Unlike other studies, a categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA) is applied to obtain the dimensions of social capital. The data used come from the ninth wave of the European Social Survey (ESS), year 2018. Happiness is modelled using a multilevel structural equations model (GSEM) by country to study the role of social capital in Europeans' happiness, when controlling for the effect of factors such as gender, unemployment, age, low income, higher education, and living with a partner. Social capital is measured as a multidimensional concept composed of institutional trust, social trust, social ties and voluntary association, civility and sense of belonging, and religiosity. Among the results, we found that the five dimensions that build social capital have a positive impact on happiness. In addition to the positive effects of social capital, the control variables have the expected impact. In a context marked by growing individualism and social isolation, the results of this work can guide policy makers in using the dimensions of social capital to increase the subjective well-being of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gómez-Balcácer
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Valladolid, María Zambrano Campus, Plaza de la Universidad 1, 40005 Segovia, Spain
| | - Noelia Somarriba Arechavala
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Valladolid, María Zambrano Campus, Plaza de la Universidad 1, 40005 Segovia, Spain
| | - Patricia Gómez-Costilla
- Department of Economic Analysis, University of Valladolid, María Zambrano Campus, Plaza de la Universidad 1, 40005 Segovia, Spain
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15
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Responding to Repeated Disasters: Time to Recovery in Public Health Workers. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e172. [PMID: 35770776 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In times of repeated disaster events, including natural disasters and pandemics, public health workers must recover rapidly to respond to subsequent events. Understanding predictors of time to recovery and developing predictive models of time to recovery can aid planning and management. METHODS We examined 681 public health workers (21-72 y, M(standard deviation [SD]) = 48.25(10.15); 79% female) 1 mo before (T1) and 9 mo after (T2) the 2005 hurricane season. Demographics, trauma history, social support, time to recover from previous hurricane season, and predisaster work productivity were assessed at T1. T2 assessed previous disaster work, initial emotional response, and personal hurricane injury/damage. The primary outcome was time to recover from the most recent hurricane event. RESULTS Multivariate analyses found that less support (T1; odds ratio [OR] = .74[95% confidence interval [CI] = .60-.92]), longer previous recovery time (T1; OR = 5.22[95%CI = 3.01-9.08]), lower predisaster work productivity (T1; OR = 1.98[95%CI = 1.08-3.61]), disaster-related personal injury/damage (T2; OR = 3.08[95%CI = 1.70-5.58]), and initial emotional response (T2; OR = 1.71[95%CI = 1.34-2.19]) were associated with longer recovery time (T2). CONCLUSIONS Recovery time was adversely affected in disaster responders with a history of longer recovery time, personal injury/damage, lower work productivity following prior hurricanes, and initial emotional response, whereas responders with social support had shorter recovery time. Predictors of recovery time should be a focus for disaster preparedness planners.
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Sociodemographic and Psychological Predictors of Resilience Among Frontline Nurses Fighting the COVID-19 Pandemic. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e171. [PMID: 35673807 PMCID: PMC9273726 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE According to a WHO report, the number of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reached 456,797,217 worldwide as of 15 March, 2022. In Wuhan, China, large teams of health-care personnel were dispatched to respond to the COVID-19 emergency. This study aimed to determine the sociodemographic and psychological predictors of resilience among frontline nurses fighting the current pandemic. METHODS A total of 143 nurses were recruited from February 15 to February 20, 2020, to participate in this study. The 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale were used to estimate the participants' resilience and mental wellbeing. RESULTS Results showed that the nurses displayed a moderate resilience level. Their median depression, anxiety, and stress scores were 1, 2, and 3, respectively, which were negatively correlated with resilience. Female gender, being dispatched to Wuhan, and depression levels were the significant predictors of resilience. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that particular attention should be given to nurses who were dispatched to Wuhan and who exhibited depression symptoms, and appropriate measures should be taken to boost their resilience.
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17
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Peng J, Yang F, She Y. Impacts of advisory perception and cultural distance on travel intention: evidence from China. JOURNAL OF MODELLING IN MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jm2-04-2021-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the impact of travel advisory perception and cultural distance on travel intention based on the push and pull theory, the stimulus–organism–response model and protection motivation theory.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper conducts an empirical test with a questionnaire survey. The authors asked respondents to answer questions on a five-point Likert-type scale, which included threat severity, threat susceptibility, advisory perception, perceived cultural distance, travel motivation and travel intention.
Findings
In this paper, through a questionnaire of 424 respondents, the authors found that threat severity has a positive impact on advisory perception and perceived cultural distance, and that advisory perception indirectly affect travel intention through travel motivation.
Originality/value
Previous literature has discussed the influencing factors of travel intention but rarely does it consider the intrinsic relationship and interaction between advisory perception and cultural distance. The results of this study help fill some gaps in the research on advisory perception and perceived cultural distance, guide governments on how to better formulate travel advisories and provide a new perspective for tourism industry practitioners to improve their travel products after the COVID-19 pandemic especially.
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18
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Carotta CL, Lavender-Stott ES, Garcia AS, Liu HL(S. Relationship Status and Well-Being in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES 2022:0192513X221105242. [PMCID: PMC9163655 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x221105242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine well-being, loneliness, and hope among single and partnered adults in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 560 adults in the U.S. (50.2% female, 48.9% male, 28.7% single, 71.3% partnered) completed an online survey regarding their experiences amid the global health crisis. Results indicated that single and partnered individuals reported similar experiences of loneliness, hope, and well-being. Furthermore, hope served as a significant positive predictor of psychological well-being for both single and partnered individuals. Single and partnered individuals also engaged in a similar number of social interactions during the pandemic. The nature of these interactions (i.e., in-person vs. digital), however, uniquely predicted well-being across relationship status. Among single individuals, connecting with others in person significantly predicted well-being, whereas digital connections did not. The inverse was found for partnered individuals, where digital connections predicted well-being, but in-person interactions did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin L. Carotta
- School of Education, Counseling, and Human Development, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Erin S. Lavender-Stott
- School of Education, Counseling, and Human Development, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Aileen S. Garcia
- School of Education, Counseling, and Human Development, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
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19
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Individual Stress Burden and Mental Health in Health Care Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Moderating and Mediating Effects of Resilience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116545. [PMID: 35682131 PMCID: PMC9180092 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic generated a significant burden on the German health care system, affecting the mental health of health care workers (HCW) in particular. Resilience may serve as an essential protective factor for individuals’ well-being. Objective: Our objective was to identify demographic and work-related correlates of individual resilience and to investigate the association between pandemic-related stress, resilience and mental health using different resilience models. Methods: Our sample comprised 1034 German HCW in different medical professions who completed an online survey from 20 April to 1 July 2020. Resilience was assessed using the Resilience Scale-5 (RS-5). The pandemic-related self-reported stress burden was captured by a single item, while depression and anxiety symptoms were measured with the PHQ-2 and GAD-2, respectively. Additionally, various sociodemographic and work-related factors were assessed. Results: Overall, we found high levels of resilience in the sample compared to a German sample before the pandemic, which were significantly associated only with the older age of participants and having children in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Regarding mechanisms of resilience, moderation analysis revealed that low individual resilience and high pandemic-related stress burden independently contributed to both anxiety and depression symptoms while resilience additionally moderated the relationship between stress burden and anxiety symptoms. The link between self-reported stress burden and mental health symptoms was also partially mediated by individual resilience. Conclusion: Taken together, the findings based on the present sample during the COVID-19 pandemic suggest that resilience plays a central role in the mental health of healthcare workers and that resilience-building interventions should be expanded, especially with a focus on younger employees.
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Silveira S, Hecht M, Matthaeus H, Adli M, Voelkle MC, Singer T. Coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perceived Changes in Psychological Vulnerability, Resilience and Social Cohesion before, during and after Lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063290. [PMID: 35328981 PMCID: PMC8952288 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns have posed unique and severe challenges to our global society. To gain an integrative understanding of pervasive social and mental health impacts in 3522 Berlin residents aged 18 to 65, we systematically investigated the structural and temporal relationship between a variety of psychological indicators of vulnerability, resilience and social cohesion before, during and after the first lockdown in Germany using a retrospective longitudinal study design. Factor analyses revealed that (a) vulnerability and resilience indicators converged on one general bipolar factor, (b) residual variance of resilience indicators formed a distinct factor of adaptive coping capacities and (c) social cohesion could be reliably measured with a hierarchical model including four first-order dimensions of trust, a sense of belonging, social interactions and social engagement, and one second-order social cohesion factor. In the second step, latent change score models revealed that overall psychological vulnerability increased during the first lockdown and decreased again during re-opening, although not to baseline levels. Levels of social cohesion, in contrast, first decreased and then increased again during re-opening. Furthermore, participants who increased in vulnerability simultaneously decreased in social cohesion and adaptive coping during lockdown. While higher pre-lockdown levels of social cohesion predicted a stronger lockdown effect on mental health, individuals with higher social cohesion during the lockdown and positive change in coping abilities and social cohesion during re-opening showed better mental health recovery, highlighting the important role of social capacities in both amplifying but also overcoming the multiple challenges of this collective crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Silveira
- Sarita Silveira, Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Bertha-Benz-Strasse 3, 10557 Berlin, Germany; (H.M.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Martin Hecht
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Hannah Matthaeus
- Sarita Silveira, Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Bertha-Benz-Strasse 3, 10557 Berlin, Germany; (H.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Mazda Adli
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CCM, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Center for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel C. Voelkle
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Tania Singer
- Sarita Silveira, Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Bertha-Benz-Strasse 3, 10557 Berlin, Germany; (H.M.); (T.S.)
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21
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Guller B, Yaylaci F, Eyuboglu D. Those in the shadow of the pandemic: impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on the mental health of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their parents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 68:943-955. [PMID: 36568626 PMCID: PMC9788683 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2021.1930827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the emotional and behavioral responses of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their parents during the recent novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and the associated factors. Our study included 299 children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders and 299 mothers or fathers. Participant groups were as follows: autism spectrum disorder (n = 131, 43.8%); intellectual disability (n = 103, 34.4%); specific learning disorder (n = 46, 15.4%); and communication disorder (n = 19, 6.4%). A data form was created to investigate the emotional, behavioral, sleep problems, and appetite changes of the cases, and it was adapted for online application and conveyed to the parents in the form of emails. Our study indicated that children and adolescents' emotional problems were 44.5%, behavioral problems 33.4%, sleep problems 65.2%, and appetite problems 32.4%. Irritability (35.5%), hyperactivity (37.8%), stereotyped behavior (29.8%), delayed sleep phase (51.5%) were the most common problems reported by the parents. The frequencies of emotional and behavioral problems in the ASD group were higher than in the other groups (p < .05). In addition, the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) was used to determine the parents' anxiety and depression symptoms. Mean HADS anxiety and depression scores of parents were 8.5 ± 4.3 and 7.8 ± 4.2, respectively. Our study demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown negatively affected children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their parents in many areas. It is necessary that these children and their families are evaluated and supported by local professionals, as the ongoing pandemic can exacerbate the current challenges. The findings of our study reflect the early period of the pandemic. For this reason, longitudinal studies about the long-term consequences of the pandemic are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Guller
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bursa Dörtcelik Child Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
- Correspondence to: Baris Guller, Bursa Dörtcelik Child Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ertugrul, Dogan Avcioglu st., 16120Nilufer/Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Ferhat Yaylaci
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bursa Dörtcelik Child Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Damla Eyuboglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Mahmud KH, Ahmed R, Tuya JH. Geographic variability of post-disaster mental health: case study after the 2017 flood in Bangladesh. GEOSPATIAL HEALTH 2021; 16. [PMID: 34726034 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2021.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Every year Bangladesh faces enormous damages due to flooding. Facing these damages the Government adopts various recovery approaches. However, the psychological dimension of any disaster is generally overlooked in disaster management. Researchers have found that the spatial distribution of post-disaster mental health can help the authorities to apply recovery procedures where they are most needed. For this research, Posttraumatic Stress Checklist (PCL-5), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were used to estimate posttraumatic stress, major depressive disorder and anxiety following three episodes of severe floods in 2017 that affected at least 8 million people. To better understand the spatial pattern of psychological vulnerability and reach a comprehensive scenario of post-disaster mental health, Moran's I was applied for spatial autocorrelation and Pearson's correlation and regression analysis for a study of the relationship between the psychological aspects. It was found that psychological vulnerability showed a spatial clustering pattern and that there was a strong positive linear relationship among psychological aspects in the study area. This research might help to adopt disaster management policies that consider the psychological dimension and spatial distribution of various psychological aspects to identify areas characterized by high vulnerability and risk so that they can be reached without delay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raju Ahmed
- Department of Geography and Environment, Jahangirnagar University, Savar.
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23
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Versteeg M, Kappe R. Resilience and Higher Education Support as Protective Factors for Student Academic Stress and Depression During Covid-19 in the Netherlands. Front Public Health 2021; 9:737223. [PMID: 34746083 PMCID: PMC8566549 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.737223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The corona pandemic has forced higher education (HE) institutes to transition to online learning, with subsequent implications for student wellbeing. Aims: This study explored influences on student wellbeing throughout the first wave of the corona crisis in the Netherlands by testing serial mediation models of the relationships between perceived academic stress, depression, resilience, and HE support. Methods: The Covid-19 International Student Wellbeing Study (C19 ISWS) was used, with a total sample of 2,480 higher education students studying at InHolland Universities of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands. Student subgroups were created, so that students with low and high perceived academic stress could be assessed, in addition to depressed and non-depressed students. Predictive model fit was tested using Macro PROCESS. Results: A significant serial mediation model for the total student sample was revealed, including protective mediating effects of resilience and HE support on the positive direct effect of perceived academic stress on depression. At subgroup level, significant (partial) predictive effects of resilience on depression scores were noted. A partial serial effect between resilience and HE support was found for students with low perceived stress levels, whereas a parallel partial mediation model was present among highly academically stressed students. Regarding non-depressed students, a full parallel mediation model was found, whereas the model for depressed students inadequately explained the data. Conclusions: Overall, resilience and HE support mediate the predictive effect of academic stress on depressive symptoms among students. In addition, substantial differences in model fit arise when inspecting the students on a subgroup level. These findings contribute to the gap in knowledge regarding student wellbeing during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Netherlands, in addition to providing novel insights on student subgroup dynamics. While Covid-19 restrictions continue to demand online learning, student wellbeing may be enhanced overall by targeting resilience and increasing awareness and availability of HE support services. The current study also highlights the need for differential approaches when examining wellbeing for specific student groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rutger Kappe
- Department of Student Success, InHolland University of Applied Sciences, Haarlem, Netherlands
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Maison D, Jaworska D, Adamczyk D, Affeltowicz D. The challenges arising from the COVID-19 pandemic and the way people deal with them. A qualitative longitudinal study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258133. [PMID: 34634054 PMCID: PMC8504766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The conducted qualitative research was aimed at capturing the biggest challenges related to the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The interviews were carried out in March-June (five stages of the research) and in October (the 6th stage of the research). A total of 115 in-depth individual interviews were conducted online with 20 respondents, in 6 stages. The results of the analysis showed that for all respondents the greatest challenges and the source of the greatest suffering were: a) limitation of direct contact with people; b) restrictions on movement and travel; c) necessary changes in active lifestyle; d) boredom and monotony; and e) uncertainty about the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Jaworska
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Alizadeh H, Sharifi A. Analysis of the state of social resilience among different socio-demographic groups during the COVID- 19 pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2021; 64:102514. [PMID: 36570386 PMCID: PMC9766012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study examines social resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic by analyzing the state of selected indicators among different Socio-Demographic Groups (SDGs) in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. Data were collected via a questionnaire survey. The survey was administered between January and April 2021 and the total number of properly completed questionnaires was 786. The findings show that, first, almost all of the Social Resilience Indicators (SRIs) have experienced negative and unfavorable changes during the pandemic in Tehran. This is remarkably the case for social coping style, social capital, social relationship, and social adaptability. Second, no significant difference in the state of SRIs was observed among different SDGs, except for the age group of 17-20, educational groups with diploma and post-diploma education, and the educational occupational group. Third, testing the impact of the state of SRIs on SDGs indicated a positive and statistically significant impact in four paths, namely SRIs with gender, SRIs with age, SRIs with Job, and SRIs with education. Our results can shed more light on SRIs that can be used to measure the state of social resilience in communities affected by the pandemic, like Tehran. They can also provide insights into actions that should be taken by planners and policy makers to enhance resilience in other communities with similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Alizadeh
- Geography and Urban Planning, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ayyoob Sharifi
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8530, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8530, Japan
- Network for Education and Research on Peace and Sustainability (NERPS), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8530, Japan
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Long E, Patterson S, Maxwell K, Blake C, Bosó Pérez R, Lewis R, McCann M, Riddell J, Skivington K, Wilson-Lowe R, Mitchell KR. COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on social relationships and health. J Epidemiol Community Health 2021; 76:128-132. [PMID: 34413184 PMCID: PMC8380476 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2021-216690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This essay examines key aspects of social relationships that were disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. It focuses explicitly on relational mechanisms of health and brings together theory and emerging evidence on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic to make recommendations for future public health policy and recovery. We first provide an overview of the pandemic in the UK context, outlining the nature of the public health response. We then introduce four distinct domains of social relationships: social networks, social support, social interaction and intimacy, highlighting the mechanisms through which the pandemic and associated public health response drastically altered social interactions in each domain. Throughout the essay, the lens of health inequalities, and perspective of relationships as interconnecting elements in a broader system, is used to explore the varying impact of these disruptions. The essay concludes by providing recommendations for longer term recovery ensuring that the social relational cost of COVID-19 is adequately considered in efforts to rebuild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Long
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Susan Patterson
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Maxwell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carolyn Blake
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Raquel Bosó Pérez
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ruth Lewis
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark McCann
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julie Riddell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kathryn Skivington
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rachel Wilson-Lowe
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kirstin R Mitchell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Davison KM, Thakkar V, Lin S(L, Stabler L, MacPhee M, Carroll S, Collins B, Rezler Z, Colautti J, Xu C(C, Fuller-Thomson E, Hey B, Kelly K, Mullaly L, Remick R, Ravindran A, Paric A, D’Andreamatteo C, Smye V. Interventions to Support Mental Health among Those with Health Conditions That Present Risk for Severe Infection from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Scoping Review of English and Chinese-Language Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7265. [PMID: 34299716 PMCID: PMC8303838 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to address knowledge gaps related to the prevention and management of mental health responses among those with a condition that presents risk of severe COVID-19 infection. A scoping review that mapped English and Chinese-language studies (2019-2020) located in MEDLINE (Ovid), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycInfo, Sociological Abstracts, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and Airiti Library was undertaken. Search terms related to COVID-19, mental health, and physical health were used and articles that included all three of these factors were extracted (n = 77). With the exception of one hospital-based pilot study, there were no intervention studies targeting mental health in those at risk of severe COVID-19 infection. Promising practices such as integrated care models that appropriately screen for mental health issues, address health determinants, and include use of digital resources were highlighted. Patient navigator programs, group online medical visits, peer support, and social prescribing may also support those with complex needs. Future policies need to address digital health access inequities and the implementation of multi-integrated health and social care. Furthermore, research is needed to comprehensively assess multi-integrated interventions that are resilient to public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Davison
- Health Science Program, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, 12666 72 Ave, Surrey, BC V3W 2M8, Canada;
| | - Vidhi Thakkar
- Health Science Program, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, 12666 72 Ave, Surrey, BC V3W 2M8, Canada;
| | - Shen (Lamson) Lin
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 46 Bloor St W, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada; (S.L.); (E.F.-T.)
| | - Lorna Stabler
- CASCADE Children’s Social Care Research and Development Centre, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1-3 Museum Place, Cardiff CF10 3BD, UK;
| | - Maura MacPhee
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, T201-2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada;
| | - Simon Carroll
- Department of Sociology, Cornett Building, University of Victoria, A333, Victoria, BC V8W 3P5, Canada;
| | - Benjamin Collins
- Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba, 432 Fletcher Argue Building, 15 Chancellor Circle, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
| | - Zachary Rezler
- Health Sciences Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Z.R.); (J.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Jake Colautti
- Health Sciences Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Z.R.); (J.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Chaoqun (Cherry) Xu
- Health Sciences Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Z.R.); (J.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Esme Fuller-Thomson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 46 Bloor St W, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada; (S.L.); (E.F.-T.)
| | - Brandon Hey
- COVID 19 Policy, Programs and Priorities, Mental Health Commission of Canada, 350 Albert Street, Suite 1210, Ottawa, ON K1R 1A4, Canada;
| | - Krystal Kelly
- Mental Health Advancement, Mental Health Commission of Canada, 350 Albert Street, Suite 1210, Ottawa, ON K1R 1A4, Canada; (L.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Laura Mullaly
- Mental Health Advancement, Mental Health Commission of Canada, 350 Albert Street, Suite 1210, Ottawa, ON K1R 1A4, Canada; (L.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Ron Remick
- Lookout Housing and Health Society, 544 Columbia St, New Westminster, BC V3L 1B1, Canada;
| | - Arun Ravindran
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen St W, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada; (A.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Angela Paric
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen St W, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada; (A.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Carla D’Andreamatteo
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, 209 Human Ecology Building, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
| | - Victoria Smye
- Arthur Labatt School of Nursing, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
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28
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Cugmas M, Ferligoj A, Kogovšek T, Batagelj Z. The social support networks of elderly people in Slovenia during the Covid-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247993. [PMID: 33657172 PMCID: PMC7928497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Population ageing requires society to adjust by ensuring additional types of services and assistance for elderly people. These may be provided by either organized services and sources of informal social support. The latter are especially important since a lack of social support is associated with a lower level of psychological and physical well-being. During the Covid-19 pandemic, social support for the elderly has proven to be even more crucial, also due to physical distancing. Therefore, this study aims to identify and describe the various types of personal social support networks available to the elderly population during the pandemic. To this end, a survey of Slovenians older than 64 years was conducted from April 25 to May 4, 2020 on a probability web-panel-based sample (n = 605). The ego networks were clustered by a hierarchical clustering approach for symbolic data. Clustering was performed for different types of social support (socializing, instrumental support, emotional support) and different characteristics of the social support networks (i.e., type of relationship, number of contacts, geographical distance). The results show that most of the elderly population in Slovenia has a satisfactory social support network, while the share of those without any (accessible) source of social support is significant. The results are particularly valuable for sustainable care policy planning, crisis intervention planning as well as any future waves of the coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Cugmas
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anuška Ferligoj
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tina Kogovšek
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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29
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Gauthier GR, Smith JA, García C, Garcia MA, Thomas PA. Exacerbating Inequalities: Social Networks, Racial/Ethnic Disparities, and the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:e88-e92. [PMID: 32756978 PMCID: PMC7454830 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The disruption and contraction of older adults' social networks are among the less discussed consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our objective was to provide an evidence-based commentary on racial/ethnic disparities in social network resources and draw attention to the ways in which disasters differentially affect social networks, with meaningful insight for the ongoing pandemic. METHODS We draw upon prior research on social networks and past natural disasters to identify major areas of network inequality. Attention is given to how pre-pandemic racial/ethnic network disparities are exacerbated during the current crisis, with implications for physical and mental health outcomes. RESULTS Evidence from the literature shows a robust association between strong social networks and physical and mental health outcomes. During times of crisis, access to social networks for older adults is disrupted, particularly for marginalized groups. We document pre-pandemic disparities in social networks resources and offer insight for examining the impact of COVID-19 on disrupting social networks among older adults. DISCUSSION Importantly, racial/ethnic disparities in social networks both prior to and as a result of the pandemic intensify existing inequalities and demonstrate the necessity of better understanding social network inequalities for marginalized older adults, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey A Smith
- Department of Sociology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln
- Rural Drug Addiction Research Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln
| | | | - Marc A Garcia
- Department of Sociology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln
- Institute for Ethnic Studies, University of Nebraska–Lincoln
| | - Patricia A Thomas
- Department of Sociology and Center on Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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30
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Ovaska-Stafford N, Maltby J, Dale M. Literature Review: Psychological Resilience Factors in People with Neurodegenerative Diseases. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 36:283-306. [PMID: 31768521 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acz063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological distress is frequently observed in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) having a significant impact on function, quality of life (QOL), caregiver burden, and illness cost. As higher psychological resilience can protect against negative outcomes and aid in the successful adjustment to illness, identifying resilience factors is important. Understanding what enhances or lowers psychological resilience allows us to offer support/interventions to people with NDDs and their carers starting early in the disease process. OBJECTIVE To investigate factors associated with psychological resilience in NDDs by completing a systematic review of relevant studies. METHOD Five electronic databases were searched for studies relating to psychological resilience in NDDs. Eighteen articles were reviewed using a narrative synthesis approach. RESULTS Studies with varied aims and methodologies were found. The identified factors were categorized into core, internal, and external resilience. Regarding core factors contradicting evidence was found about the relationship between resilience and physical function. Fatigue, however, appears to be associated with less resilience. A limited number of studies focused on pain and demographics. Of internal resilience factors, studies found positive associations between higher resilience and improved mental health, even over time. Resilience appears to correlate positively with various psychological and QOL factors. Importantly, external resilience factors (e.g., social connectedness and intervention) were discovered to be linked to resilience. The evidence for resilience-enhancing intervention suggests that resilience can be modified. CONCLUSION Various factors were identified to be associated with psychological resilience in NDDs. As resilience appears to be modifiable, it is important to focus on resilience-enhancing interventions for people with NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Ovaska-Stafford
- Neuroscience, Psychology, and Behaviour, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - John Maltby
- Neuroscience, Psychology, and Behaviour, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Maria Dale
- Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Huntington's Disease Service, Mill Lodge, The Rise, Leicester, Leicestershire LE19 4SL, UK
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31
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Ueda R, Okada T, Kita Y, Ozawa Y, Inoue H, Shioda M, Kono Y, Kono C, Nakamura Y, Amemiya K, Ito A, Sugiura N, Matsuoka Y, Kaiga C, Kubota M, Ozawa H. The quality of life of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their parents during the Coronavirus disease 19 emergency in Japan. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3042. [PMID: 33589663 PMCID: PMC7884401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal how the COVID-19 stay-at-home period has affected the quality of life (QOL) of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their parents and to identify possible factors that enabled them to maintain their QOL. We enrolled 136 school-aged children (intellectual quotient ≥ 50) and their parents and administered QOL questionnaires to assess the maladaptive behavior of the children; depression, anxiety, and stress of the parents; and activities of their daily lives. The relationship between their QOL and clinical features was examined. The decrease in QOL of children and parents was associated with the mother’s limited job flexibility. Decreased QOL was also associated with changes in the sleep rhythms of the children. Maladaptive behaviors in children were associated with parental stress. However, maintained QOL of some families who faced these same conditions of job stress and sleep disorders was associated with less parental stress, less parental depression and anxiety, and milder maladaptive behavior in children. Both mothers with limited job flexibility and changes in the sleep rhythm of children were associated with reduced QOL of children and their parents. Low parental stress was associated with decreased maladaptive behavior in children and with maintained QOL of the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyo Ueda
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-Cho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan. .,Department of Child Neurology, Shimada Ryoiku Center Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-Cho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kita
- Mori Arinori Center for Higher Education and Global Mobility, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan.,Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yuri Ozawa
- Department of Child Neurology, Shimada Ryoiku Center Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisami Inoue
- Department of Child Neurology, Shimada Ryoiku Center Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsuki Shioda
- Department of Child Neurology, Shimada Ryoiku Center Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kono
- Department of Child Neurology, Shimada Ryoiku Center Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chika Kono
- Department of Child Neurology, Shimada Ryoiku Center Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakamura
- Department of Child Neurology, Shimada Ryoiku Center Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Amemiya
- Department of Child Neurology, Shimada Ryoiku Center Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Ito
- Department of Child Neurology, Shimada Ryoiku Center Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuko Sugiura
- Department of Child Neurology, Shimada Ryoiku Center Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Matsuoka
- Department of Child Neurology, Shimada Ryoiku Center Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chinami Kaiga
- Department of Child Neurology, Shimada Ryoiku Center Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Kubota
- Department of Child Neurology, Shimada Ryoiku Center Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ozawa
- Department of Child Neurology, Shimada Ryoiku Center Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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Silveira S, Kornbluh M, Withers MC, Grennan G, Ramanathan V, Mishra J. Chronic Mental Health Sequelae of Climate Change Extremes: A Case Study of the Deadliest Californian Wildfire. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041487. [PMID: 33557397 PMCID: PMC7915298 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Weather-related disasters, such as wildfires exacerbated by a rise in global temperatures, need to be better studied in terms of their mental health impacts. This study focuses on the mental health sequelae of the deadliest wildfire in California to date, the Camp Fire of 2018. Methods. We investigated a sample of 725 California residents with different degrees of disaster exposure and measured mental health using clinically validated scales for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Data were collected at a chronic time-point, six months post-wildfire. We used multiple regression analyses to predict the mental health outcomes based on self-reported fire exposure. Additionally, we included vulnerability and resilience factors in hierarchical regression analyses. Results. Our primary finding is that direct exposure to large scale fires significantly increased the risk for mental health disorders, particularly for PTSD and depression. Additionally, the inclusion of vulnerability and resilience factors in the hierarchical regression analyses led to the significantly improved prediction of all mental health outcomes. Childhood trauma and sleep disturbances exacerbated mental health symptoms. Notably, self-reported resilience had a positive effect on mental health, and mindfulness was associated with significantly lower depression and anxiety symptoms. Conclusion. Overall, our study demonstrated that climate-related extreme events, such as wildfires, can have severe mental illness sequelae. Moreover, we found that pre-existing stressful life events, resilient personality traits and lifestyle factors can play an important role in the prevalence of psychopathology after such disasters. Unchecked climate change projected for the latter half of this century may severely impact the mental wellbeing of the global population, and we must find ways to foster individual resiliency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92037, USA; (S.S.); (G.G.)
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, University of California, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mariah Kornbluh
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Mathew C. Withers
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Chico, CA 95929, USA;
| | - Gillian Grennan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92037, USA; (S.S.); (G.G.)
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, University of California, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Jyoti Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92037, USA; (S.S.); (G.G.)
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, University of California, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
- Correspondence:
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33
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Furlong M, McGilloway S, Mulligan C, Killion MG, McGarr S, Grant A, Davidson G, Donaghy M. Covid-19 and Families With Parental Mental Illness: Crisis and Opportunity. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:567447. [PMID: 34385936 PMCID: PMC8353101 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.567447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 emergency has affected us all, but not equally. Families where parents have mental illness (PMI) are potentially at increased risk, but little is known about how they or their support services managed under lockdown/restrictions. We harnessed our existing partnerships with adult and child mental health services in the Republic of Ireland (RoI) and Northern Ireland (NI) to investigate the qualitative experiences of service users and families in coping during the first COVID-19 lockdown (March-May 2020), and how services were supporting them. Semi-structured phone/online interviews were conducted with 22 clinicians/managers (12 from RoI; 10 from NI) who provided information from their caseloads (~155 families with PMI). Sixteen family members (10 from RoI, 6 from NI) were also interviewed. Data were analysed using standard thematic analysis. Sixty percent of families reported improved mental health, primarily due to respite from daily stresses and the "normalisation" of mental distress in the general population. Approximately 30%, typically with more severe/enduring mental illness, reported additional challenges, and mental distress including: unmanageable child behaviours; fear of relapse/hospitalisation; financial difficulties; absence of child care; and a lack of routines. Service provision varied considerably across regions. The experiences within this case study highlight unique opportunities to address the multiple stresses of pre-emergency daily living. We also highlight how mental health services and governments might become more "pandemic ready" to more effectively support vulnerable families, including addressing service overload issues, optimising the use of digital technologies, and providing in-person contact and social supports where required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairead Furlong
- Centre for Mental Health and Community Research, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Sinead McGilloway
- Centre for Mental Health and Community Research, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Christine Mulligan
- Centre for Mental Health and Community Research, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Mary G Killion
- Health Service Executive Galway, Roscommon Adult Mental Health Services, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sharon McGarr
- Centre for Mental Health and Community Research, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Anne Grant
- School of Nursing, Queen's University, Belfast, Ireland
| | - Gavin Davidson
- Praxis Chair of Social Care, School of Social Sciences, Education and Social Work, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Ireland
| | - Mary Donaghy
- Mental Health & Learning Disability Lead & Think Family NI Lead, HSC Board, Belfast, Ireland
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34
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Wang S, Yang C, Zhao Y, Lai H, Zhang L, Gong Q. Sex-linked neurofunctional basis of psychological resilience in late adolescence: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:1075-1087. [PMID: 31641900 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Psychological resilience refers to the ability to adapt effectively in the face of adversity, which is closely related to an individual's psychological and physical health and well-being. Although previous behavioural studies have shown sex differences in psychological resilience, little is known about the neural basis of sex differences in psychological resilience. Here, we measured amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) via resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the sex-linked neurofunctional basis of psychological resilience in 231 healthy adolescents. At the behavioural level, we replicated previous findings indicating that males are more resilient than females. At the neural level, we found sex differences in the relationship between psychological resilience and ALFF in the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Specifically, males showed a positive correlation between psychological resilience and ALFF in the right OFC, while females showed a negative correlation in this region. The sex-specific association between psychological resilience and spontaneous brain activity might be dependent on differences in hormonal systems and brain development between male and female adolescents. Taken together, the results of our study might provide the first evidence of sex-specific neurofunctional substrates of psychological resilience in adolescents, emphasizing the vital role of sex effects in future psychological resilience-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, 610036, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- School of Sociology and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Lai
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, 610036, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Polizzi C, Lynn SJ, Perry A. Stress and Coping in the Time of Covid-19: Pathways to Resilience and Recovery. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2020; 17:59-62. [PMID: 34908968 PMCID: PMC8629051 DOI: 10.36131/cn20200204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disrupted virtually every aspect of daily living, engendering forced isolation and social distance, economic hardship, fears of contracting a potentially lethal illness and feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. Unfortunately, there is no formula or operating manual for how to cope with the current global pandemic. Previous research has documented an array of responses to mass crises or disasters, including chronic anxiety and posttraumatic stress as well as resilience and recovery. Much can be learned from this research about how people have coped in the past in order to identify strategies that may be particularly effective in managing distress and cultivating resilience during these perilous times. We delineate multiple coping strategies (e.g., behavioral activation, acceptance-based coping, mindfulness practice, loving-kindness practices) geared to decrease stress and promote resilience and recovery. These strategies may be especially effective because they help individuals make meaning, build distress tolerance, increase social support, foster a view of our deep human interconnectedness, and take goal-directed value-driven actions in midst of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Polizzi
- Psychology Department, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States. Emails: (CP); (SJL)
| | - Steven Jay Lynn
- Psychology Department, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States. Emails: (CP); (SJL)
| | - Andrew Perry
- Andrew Perry, Binghamton NY, 13905, United States.
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Farhoudian A, Baldacchino A, Clark N, Gerra G, Ekhtiari H, Dom G, Mokri A, Sadeghi M, Nematollahi P, Demasi M, Schütz CG, Hash-emian SM, Tabarsi P, Galea-Singer S, Carrà G, Clausen T, Kouimtsidis C, Tolomeo S, Radfar SR, Razaghi EM. COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorders: Recommendations to a Comprehensive Healthcare Response. An International Society of Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy Interest Group Position Paper. Basic Clin Neurosci 2020; 11:133-150. [PMID: 32855772 PMCID: PMC7368103 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.11.covid19.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is escalating all over the world and has higher morbidities and mortalities in certain vulnerable populations. People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) are a marginalized and stigmatized group with weaker immunity responses, vulnerability to stress, poor health conditions, high-risk behaviors, and lower access to health care services. These conditions put them at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection and its complications. In this paper, an international group of experts on addiction medicine, infectious diseases, and disaster psychiatry explore the possible raised concerns in this issue and provide recommendations to manage the comorbidity of COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorder (SUD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Farhoudian
- Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexander Baldacchino
- Division of Population and Behavioral Sciences, St Andrews University Medical School, University of St Andrews, UK
| | - Nicolas Clark
- North Richmond Community Health, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gilberto Gerra
- Drug Prevention and Health Branch, Division for Operations, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hamed Ekhtiari
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Geert Dom
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Azarakhsh Mokri
- Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Sadeghi
- Aftab Mehrvarzi Substance Abuse Treatment Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pardis Nematollahi
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryanne Demasi
- North Richmond Community Health, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christian G. Schütz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Seyed Mohammadreza Hash-emian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Susanna Galea-Singer
- Institute for Innovation and Improvement, IWaitematâ DHB, Centre for Addictions Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Psychiatry, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Clausen
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research (SERAF); University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Serenella Tolomeo
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Seyed Ramin Radfar
- Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Maul S, Giegling I, Fabbri C, Corponi F, Serretti A, Rujescu D. Genetics of resilience: Implications from genome-wide association studies and candidate genes of the stress response system in posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2020; 183:77-94. [PMID: 31583809 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Resilience is the ability to cope with critical situations through the use of personal and socially mediated resources. Since a lack of resilience increases the risk of developing stress-related psychiatric disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), a better understanding of the biological background is of great value to provide better prevention and treatment options. Resilience is undeniably influenced by genetic factors, but very little is known about the exact underlying mechanisms. A recently published genome-wide association study (GWAS) on resilience has identified three new susceptibility loci, DCLK2, KLHL36, and SLC15A5. Further interesting results can be found in association analyses of gene variants of the stress response system, which is closely related to resilience, and PTSD and MDD. Several promising genes, such as the COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase) gene, the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) suggest gene × environment interaction between genetic variants, childhood adversity, and the occurrence of PTSD and MDD, indicating an impact of these genes on resilience. GWAS on PTSD and MDD provide another approach to identifying new disease-associated loci and, although the functional significance for disease development for most of these risk genes is still unknown, they are potential candidates due to the overlap of stress-related psychiatric disorders and resilience. In the future, it will be important for genetic studies to focus more on resilience than on pathological phenotypes, to develop reasonable concepts for measuring resilience, and to establish international cooperations to generate sufficiently large samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Maul
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Chiara Fabbri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Corponi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Schwartz RM, Rasul R, Gargano LM, Lieberman-Cribbin W, Brackbill RM, Taioli E. Examining Associations Between Hurricane Sandy Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by Community of Residence. J Trauma Stress 2019; 32:677-687. [PMID: 31487410 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to 2012's Hurricane Sandy differed by community across New York City and nearby Long Island, and the differential impact of exposure on mental health concerns must be studied to enhance resilience in vulnerable communities. We assessed the association between self-reported Hurricane Sandy exposure and subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, obtained through validated questionnaires completed by residents of lower Manhattan (n = 1,134), Queens/Long Island (LI)/Staten Island (SI; n = 622), and the Rockaways (n = 1,011); mean assessment times were 7, 14, and 32 months post-Sandy, respectively. The median number of hurricane exposures was similar for all communities; however, Rockaways residents had a higher proportion of likely PTSD symptoms (18.8%) compared to lower Manhattan (8.0%) and Queens/LI/SI residents (5.8%). Regarding likely PTSD, there was significant interaction between total hurricane exposure and community, p = .002, and flooding and community, p = .040. Number of hurricane exposures was associated with higher odds of likely PTSD in Queens/LI/SI, AOR = 1.61, 95% CI [1.34, 1.94]; lower Manhattan, AOR = 1.43, 95% CI [1.28, 1.59]; and the Rockaways, AOR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.16, 1.35]. Flooding was associated with increased odds of likely PTSD in the Rockaways, AOR = 1.65, 95% CI [1.01, 2.69]; and Queens/LI/SI, AOR = 3.29, 95% CI [1.08, 10.00]. This study emphasizes the differential impact of hurricane exposure on subsequent PTSD symptoms in three communities affected by Hurricane Sandy. Future preparedness and recovery efforts must understand community correlates of mental health concerns to promote resilience in vulnerable communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Schwartz
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Great Neck, New York, USA.,Department of Population Health Science and Policy and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Disaster Health, Trauma and Resilience, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rehana Rasul
- Center for Disaster Health, Trauma and Resilience, New York, New York, USA.,Biostatistics Unit, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Lisa M Gargano
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wil Lieberman-Cribbin
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Disaster Health, Trauma and Resilience, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert M Brackbill
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Disaster Health, Trauma and Resilience, New York, New York, USA
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40
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McIntyre E, Prior J, Connon ILC, Adams J, Madden B. Sociodemographic predictors of residents worry about contaminated sites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:1623-1630. [PMID: 30189578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The management and remediation of contaminated environments increasingly involves engagement with affected local residents. Of late, risk communication tools and guidelines have drawn attention to the stress and concern of residents as a result of heightened awareness of localised contamination and the need to address these less visible impacts of contamination when engaging with affected communities. Despite this emerging focus, there is an absence of research exploring the factors that predict resident worry about neighbourhood contamination. This paper aims to address this shortcoming by drawing on data from a cross-sectional survey of 2009 adult residents in neighbourhoods near 13 contaminated sites across Australia. Analyses used ordered logistic regression to determine the sociodemographic, environmental, and knowledge-based factors that influence residents' degree of worry. The findings suggest age, gender and income significantly affect residents' degree of worry. Being knowledgeable about the contaminant was associated with lower degrees of worry. Conversely, having a stronger sense of place within a neighbourhood predicted higher degrees of worry. Type of contaminant also impacted resident worry, with residents being less likely to worry about hydrocarbon, asbestos and waste than other types of contaminants. Our analyses suggest resident worry can be reduced through improving access to accurate information and the development of specific risk reduction strategies tailored to each neighbourhood and aimed at the heterogeneous distribution of worry amongst residential populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica McIntyre
- University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Health, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason Prior
- University of Technology Sydney, Institute for Sustainable Futures, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
| | - Irena L C Connon
- University of Technology Sydney, Institute for Sustainable Futures, Ultimo, NSW, Australia; University of Dundee, Dundee, Discipline of Geography, School of Social Science, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; University of Dundee, Dundee, Centre for Environmental Change and Human Resilience, School of Social Science, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jon Adams
- University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Health, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Ben Madden
- University of Technology Sydney, Institute for Sustainable Futures, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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Deforche B, Mommen J, Hublet A, De Roover W, Huys N, Clays E, Maes L, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Van Cauwenberg J. Evaluation of a Brief Intervention for Promoting Mental Health among Employees in Social Enterprises: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2107. [PMID: 30257476 PMCID: PMC6210353 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Evidence on the effectiveness of workplace mental health promotion for people with disabilities is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief mental health promotion intervention in social enterprises. It had a non-blinded cluster randomized controlled trial design with follow-up one and four months after the intervention. In total 196 employees agreed to participate (86 intervention and 110 control). Empowerment was the main outcome; secondary outcomes were resilience, palliative behavior, determinants of four coping strategies of mental health, quality of life, and life satisfaction. A brief participant satisfaction survey was conducted after the intervention. No significant intervention effect on empowerment was found. However, at one month follow-up, significant favorable effects were found on perceived social support for coping strategies for mental health and on palliative behavior. At four months follow-up, favorable intervention effects were found on quality of life, but unfavorable effects were found on unjustified worrying. In addition, the intervention was well received by the employees. This brief intervention might be a promising first step to improve mental health in people with disabilities working in social enterprises. Nevertheless, additional monitoring by professionals and managers working in the organizations might be needed to maintain these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicte Deforche
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Physical Activity, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jasmine Mommen
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Anne Hublet
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Winnie De Roover
- Vlaams Instituut Gezond Leven (Flemish Institute Healthy Living), Gustave Schildknechtstraat 9, 1020 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nele Huys
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Els Clays
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lea Maes
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jelle Van Cauwenberg
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Research Foundation⁻Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, B-10000 Brussels, Belgium.
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Lund C, Brooke-Sumner C, Baingana F, Baron EC, Breuer E, Chandra P, Haushofer J, Herrman H, Jordans M, Kieling C, Medina-Mora ME, Morgan E, Omigbodun O, Tol W, Patel V, Saxena S. Social determinants of mental disorders and the Sustainable Development Goals: a systematic review of reviews. Lancet Psychiatry 2018; 5:357-369. [PMID: 29580610 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mental health has been included in the UN Sustainable Development Goals. However, uncertainty exists about the extent to which the major social determinants of mental disorders are addressed by these goals. The aim of this study was to develop a conceptual framework for the social determinants of mental disorders that is aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals, to use this framework to systematically review evidence regarding these social determinants, and to identify potential mechanisms and targets for interventions. We did a systematic review of reviews using a conceptual framework comprising demographic, economic, neighbourhood, environmental events, and social and culture domains. We included 289 articles in the final Review. This study sheds new light on how the Sustainable Development Goals are relevant for addressing the social determinants of mental disorders, and how these goals could be optimised to prevent mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crick Lund
- Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Carrie Brooke-Sumner
- Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, Medical Research Council of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Florence Baingana
- World Health Organization Sierra Leone Country Office, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Emily Claire Baron
- Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Erica Breuer
- Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Prabha Chandra
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Johannes Haushofer
- Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; Busara Center for Behavioral Economics, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Helen Herrman
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Jordans
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Research and Development Department, War Child, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christian Kieling
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Olayinka Omigbodun
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Wietse Tol
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Peter C Alderman Foundation, Bedford, NY, USA
| | - Vikram Patel
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Sangath, Porvorim, Goa, India; Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi, India
| | - Shekhar Saxena
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Ang S, Uthaman T, Ayre T, Mordiffi S, Ang E, Lopez V. Association between demographics and resilience - a cross-sectional study among nurses in Singapore. Int Nurs Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/inr.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.Y. Ang
- Division of Nursing; Singapore General Hospital; Singapore Singapore
| | - T. Uthaman
- Division of Nursing; Singapore General Hospital; Singapore Singapore
| | - T.C. Ayre
- Division of Nursing; Singapore General Hospital; Singapore Singapore
| | - S.Z. Mordiffi
- Nursing Administration; National University Hospital; Singapore Singapore
| | - E. Ang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - V. Lopez
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
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Álvarez-Icaza D, Medina-Mora ME. Impacto de los sismos de septiembre de 2017 en la salud mental de la población y acciones recomendadas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.21149/9399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Los desastres naturales son un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de trastornos mentales, por lo que la atención a la salud mental de los afectados es prioritaria. Este texto tiene por objetivo describir la prestación de servicios de salud mental a los afectados por los sismos de septiembre de 2017 y las necesidades de la población. A partir de estas observaciones se concluye que es esencial que el país cuente con un Programa Nacional de Atención a la Salud Mental en Situaciones Críticas y Desastres, cuyas líneas de acción básica se describen en este artículo.
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Brooks S, Amlôt R, Rubin GJ, Greenberg N. Psychological resilience and post-traumatic growth in disaster-exposed organisations: overview of the literature. BMJ Mil Health 2018; 166:52-56. [DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2017-000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As disasters become increasingly prevalent, and reported on, a wealth of literature on post-disaster mental health has been published. Most published evidence focuses on symptoms of mental health problems (such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety) and psychosocial factors increasing the risk of such symptoms. However, a recent shift in the literature has moved to exploring resilience and the absence of adverse lasting mental health effects following a disaster. This paper undertakes a qualitative review of the literature to explore factors affecting psychological resilience, as well as the potential positive impact of experiencing a disaster (post-traumatic growth) by examining the literature on employees in disaster-exposed organisations. We identify several protective factors: training, experience, and perceived (personal) competence; social support; and effective coping strategies. Post-traumatic growth frequently appeared to occur at both personal and professional levels for those rescue staff after a disaster, giving employees a greater appreciation of life and their relationships, enhancing their self-esteem and providing a sense of accomplishment and better understanding of their work. Implications, in terms of how to build a resilient workforce, are discussed.
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Determinants of resilience among people who sustained spinal cord injury from the 2015 earthquake in Nepal. Spinal Cord 2017; 56:78-83. [PMID: 28809391 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2017.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVES To assess the level of resilience, compare resilience by demographic and injury-related characteristics, and identify significant determinants of resilience in Nepalese people who sustained spinal cord injury (SCI) from the 2015 earthquake. SETTING Spinal Injury Rehabilitation Center, Kavre and 14 communities in Nepal. METHODS Eighty-two participants were included using a convenience sampling technique. A demographic and injury-related questionnaire was used to identify the characteristics of the participants. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale was used to measure resilience. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the demographic and injury-related factors that contribute to resilience. RESULTS Almost 54% of the participants had low level of resilience. Independent samples t-tests and ANOVA showed that participants with higher resilience outcome were more likely to be male, employed, paraplegic level of injury and pain free. The regression analysis revealed that only gender was a unique determinant of resilience (β=0.38, t=3.40, P=0.001) in Nepalese with earthquake-related SCI. CONCLUSION More than half of Nepalese who sustained SCI from the 2015 earthquake in Nepal had not achieved a high level of resilience 2 years later. Gender was a significant determinant of resilience. The results highlighted the importance of providing appropriate intervention and allocating continuing support to the Nepalese people with SCI. A further longitudinal study is recommended to determine predictive factors of the dynamic nature of resilience.
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and other mental disorders in the general population after Lorca's earthquakes, 2011 (Murcia, Spain): A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179690. [PMID: 28723949 PMCID: PMC5516965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To describe the prevalence and severity of mental disorders and to examine differences in risk among those with and without a lifetime history prior to a moderate magnitude earthquake that took place in Lorca (Murcia, Spain) at roughly the mid-point (on May 11, 2011) of the time interval in which a regional epidemiological survey was already being carried out (June 2010 -May 2012). METHODS The PEGASUS-Murcia project is a cross-sectional face-to-face interview survey of a representative sample of non-institutionalized adults in Murcia. Main outcome measures are prevalence and severity of anxiety, mood, impulse and substance disorders in the 12 months previous to the survey, assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Sociodemographic variables, prior history of any mental disorder and earthquake-related stressors were entered as independent variables in a logistic regression analysis. FINDINGS A total number of 412 participants (response rate: 71%) were interviewed. Significant differences in 12-month prevalence of mental disorders were found in Lorca compared to the rest of Murcia for any (12.8% vs 16.8%), PTSD (3.6% vs 0.5%) and other anxiety disorders (5.3% vs 9.2%) (p≤ 0.05 for all). No differences were found for 12-month prevalence of any mood or any substance disorder. The two major predictors for developing a 12-month post-earthquake mental disorder were a prior mental disorder and the level of exposure. Other risk factors included female sex and low-average income. CONCLUSIONS PTSD and other mental disorders are commonly associated with earthquake disasters. Prior mental disorders and the level of exposure to the earthquakes are the most important for the development of a consequent mental disorder and this recognition may help to identify those individuals that may most benefit from specific therapeutic intervention.
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Patel SS, Rogers MB, Amlôt R, Rubin GJ. What Do We Mean by 'Community Resilience'? A Systematic Literature Review of How It Is Defined in the Literature. PLOS CURRENTS 2017; 9. [PMID: 29188132 PMCID: PMC5693357 DOI: 10.1371/currents.dis.db775aff25efc5ac4f0660ad9c9f7db2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Government, industry and charitable organisations have an increasing focus on programs intended to support community resilience to disasters. But has consensus been reached as to what defines 'community resilience' and what its core characteristics are? Methods: We undertook a systematic literature review of definitions of community resilience related to disasters. We conducted an inductive thematic analysis of the definitions and descriptions that we identified, in order to determine the proposed characteristics of community resilience prior to, during and after a disaster. Results: We identified 80 relevant papers. There was no evidence of a common, agreed definition of community resilience. In spite of this, evidence was found of nine core elements of community resilience that were common among the definitions. The core elements were: local knowledge, community networks and relationships, communication, health, governance and leadership, resources, economic investment, preparedness, and mental outlook. Within these core elements, we identified 19 sub-elements linked to community resilience. Conclusion: Our findings show that community resilience remains an amorphous concept that is understood and applied differently by different research groups. Yet in spite of the differences in conception and application, there are well-understood elements that are widely proposed as important for a resilient community. A focus on these individual elements may be more productive than attempting to define and study community resilience as a distinct concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonny S Patel
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Brooke Rogers
- Department of War Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Amlôt
- Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - G James Rubin
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Nidzvetska S, Rodriguez-Llanes JM, Aujoulat I, Gil Cuesta J, Tappis H, van Loenhout JAF, Guha-Sapir D. Maternal and Child Health of Internally Displaced Persons in Ukraine: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14010054. [PMID: 28075363 PMCID: PMC5295305 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to the conflict that started in spring 2014 in Eastern Ukraine, a total of 1.75 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) fled the area and have been registered in government-controlled areas of the country. This paper explores perceived health, barriers to access to healthcare, caring practices, food security, and overall financial situation of mothers and young children displaced by the conflict in Ukraine. This is a qualitative study, which collected data through semi-structured in-depth interviews with nine IDP mothers via Skype and Viber with a convenience sample of participants selected through snowball technique. Contrary to the expectations, the perceived physical health of mothers and their children was found not to be affected by conflict and displacement, while psychological distress was often reported. A weak healthcare system, Ukraine’s proneness to informal payments, and heavy bureaucracy to register as an IDP were reported in our study. A precarious social safety net to IDP mothers in Ukraine, poor dietary diversity, and a generalized rupture of vaccine stocks, with halted or delayed vaccinations in children were identified. Increasing social allowances and their timely delivery to IDP mothers might be the most efficient policy measure to improve health and nutrition security. Reestablishment and sustainability of vaccine stocks in Ukraine is urgent to avoid the risks of a public health crisis. Offering psychological support for IDP mothers is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Nidzvetska
- Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, Institute of Health and Society, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium.
| | - Jose M Rodriguez-Llanes
- Food Security Unit, Sustainable Resources Directorate, European Commission Joint Research Centre, I-21027 Ispra, Italy.
| | - Isabelle Aujoulat
- Institute of Health and Society, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium.
| | - Julita Gil Cuesta
- Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, Institute of Health and Society, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium.
| | - Hannah Tappis
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Joris A F van Loenhout
- Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, Institute of Health and Society, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium.
| | - Debarati Guha-Sapir
- Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, Institute of Health and Society, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium.
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Gowan ME, Sloan JA, Kirk RC. Prepared for what? addressing the disaster readiness gap beyond preparedness for survival. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1139. [PMID: 26576816 PMCID: PMC4647663 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conventional disaster preparedness messaging focuses largely on promoting survival actions and communications planning for the immediate post-disaster period. While such preparedness is vital, we have long-observed a gap in preventive medicine and disaster planning for building personal resilience – preventatively – to persevere through prolonged recovery timeframes. There are many helpful attitudes and behaviors that people can develop to increase their readiness and capacity for drastic life changes, encompassing not only health-protective preparedness actions but health-promoting attitudes for “minding the risk” and “practicing resilience” as well. For instance, quality of life assessments and well-being interventions are widely-known for the clinically significant improvements they can produce in patient-reported outcomes. Similarly, health promotion interventions are implemented preventatively when a risk is identified yet a disease is not present, and can provide health benefits throughout people’s lives, regardless of the type of adversities they eventually encounter (medical, environmental, or other). Discussion We argue there is an overlooked opportunity to leverage well-being theories and methods from clinical settings and public health practice for the purpose of preventatively boosting disaster readiness and bolstering capacity for long-term resilience. We also highlight our previously-published research indicating a role for integrating personal meaning into preparedness messages. This is an opportune time for applying well-being concepts and practices as tools for developing disaster readiness, as risk awareness grows through real-time tracking of hazardous events via social media. For example, two sudden-onset disasters occurred within ten days of each other in 2014 and caught worldwide attention for their extreme hazards, despite dramatic differences in scale. The 22 March 2014 landslide tragedy in Washington State, USA, and the 1 April 2014 Chilean earthquake and Pacific-wide tsunami alerts brought home how persistently vulnerable we all are, and how developing intrinsic personal readiness for scientifically-known risks before disaster unfolds is essential policy. Summary Gap programming that addresses personal readiness challenges in prevention timeframes could save lives and costs. We contend that bridging this readiness gap will prevent situations where people, communities, and systems survive the initial impact, but their resilience trajectories are vulnerable to the challenges of long-haul recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeff A Sloan
- Mayo Clinic and School of Health Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Ray C Kirk
- College of Education, Health and Human Development, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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