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Wei R, Xiao S, Zhao S, Guo W, Liu Y, Mullor MDMR, Rodrìguez RA, Wei Q, Wu Y. Pan-cancer analysis of T-cell proliferation regulatory genes as potential immunotherapeutic targets. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:11224-11247. [PMID: 39068665 PMCID: PMC11315386 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
T cells are the key to killing tumor cells. However, the exact mechanism of their role in cancer is not fully understood. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the role of T-cell proliferation regulatory genes in tumors is needed. In our study, we investigated the expression levels of genes controlling T-cell proliferation, their impact on prognosis, and their genetic variations. Additionally, we explored their associations with TMB, MSI, ESTIMATEScore, ImmuneScore, StromalScore, and immune cell infiltration. We examined the role of these genes in cancer-related pathways using GSEA. Furthermore, we calculated their activity levels across various types of cancer. Drug analysis was also conducted targeting these genes. Single-cell analysis, LASSO Cox model construction, and prognosis analysis were performed. We observed distinct expression patterns of T-cell proliferation regulatory genes across different malignant tumors. Their abnormal expression may be caused by CNA and DNA methylation. In certain cancers, they also showed complex associations with TMB and MSI. Moreover, in many tumors, they exhibited significant positive correlations with ESTIMATEScores, ImmuneScore, and StromalScore. Additionally, in most tumors, their GSVA scores were significantly positively correlated with various T-cell subtypes. GSEA analysis revealed their involvement in multiple immune pathways. Furthermore, we found that model scores were associated with patient prognosis and related to tumor malignancy progression. T-cell proliferation regulatory genes are closely associated with the tumor immune microenvironment (TIM), especially T cells. Targeting them may be an essential approach for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqiong Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Shihui Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Shijian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital), Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
| | - Wenliang Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang, Guangxi 537100, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | | | - Raquel Alarcòn Rodrìguez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almerìa, Carretera de Sacramento, Almeria 04120, Spain
| | - Qingjun Wei
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yinteng Wu
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
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2
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Yin L, Chen GL, Xiang Z, Liu YL, Li XY, Bi JW, Wang Q. Current progress in chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114648. [PMID: 37023621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cancer in women. Around 20-30% breast cancer patients undergo invasion or metastasis after radical surgical resection and eventually die. Number of breast cancer patients show poor sensitivity toward treatments despite the advances in chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and molecular targeted treatments. Therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence or metastasis develop with the ongoing treatments. Conducive treatment strategies are thus required. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T-cell therapy has progressed as a part of tumor immunotherapy. However, CAR-T treatment has not been effective in solid tumors because of tumor microenvironment complexity, inhibitory effects of extracellular matrix, and lacking ideal tumor antigens. Herein, the prospects of CAR-T cell therapy for metastatic breast cancer are discussed, and the targets for CAR-T therapy in breast cancer (HER-2, C-MET, MSLN, CEA, MUC1, ROR1, EGFR) at clinical level are reviewed. Moreover, solutions are proposed for the challenges of breast cancer CAR-T therapy regarding off-target effects, heterogeneous antigen expression by tumor cells and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Ideas for improving the therapeutics of CAR-T cell therapy in metastatic breast cancer are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250023 Jinan, China; Oncology Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, 250023 Jinan, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 250355 Jinan, China
| | - Gui-Lai Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250023 Jinan, China; Oncology Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, 250023 Jinan, China
| | - Zhuo Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250023 Jinan, China; Oncology Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, 250023 Jinan, China
| | - Yu-Lin Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250023 Jinan, China; Oncology Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, 250023 Jinan, China
| | - Xing-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Jing-Wang Bi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250023 Jinan, China; Oncology Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, 250023 Jinan, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250023 Jinan, China; Oncology Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, 250023 Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China.
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3
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Viano ME, Baez NS, Savid-Frontera C, Lidon NL, Hodge DL, Herbelin A, Gombert JM, Barbarin A, Rodriguez-Galan MC. Virtual Memory CD8 + T Cells: Origin and Beyond. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:624-642. [PMID: 36083273 PMCID: PMC9835308 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of CD8+ T cells with a memory phenotype in nonimmunized mice has been noted for decades, but it was not until about 2 decades ago that they began to be studied in greater depth. Currently called virtual memory CD8+ T cells, they consist of a heterogeneous group of cells with memory characteristics, without any previous contact with their specific antigens. These cells were identified in mice, but a few years ago, a cell type with characteristics equivalent to the murine ones was described in healthy humans. In this review, we address the different aspects of its biology mainly developed in murine models and what is currently known about its cellular equivalent in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Estefania Viano
- Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia Soledad Baez
- Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Constanza Savid-Frontera
- Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Leonel Lidon
- Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - André Herbelin
- Inserm U1313, Poitiers, France
- Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Marc Gombert
- Inserm U1313, Poitiers, France
- Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Service d'Immunologie et Inflammation, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Alice Barbarin
- Inserm U1313, Poitiers, France
- CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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4
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Savid-Frontera C, Viano ME, Baez NS, Lidon NL, Fontaine Q, Young HA, Vimeux L, Donnadieu E, Rodriguez-Galan MC. Exploring the immunomodulatory role of virtual memory CD8+ T cells: Role of IFN gamma in tumor growth control. Front Immunol 2022; 13:971001. [PMID: 36330506 PMCID: PMC9623162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.971001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual memory CD8+ T cells (TVM) have been described as cells with a memory-like phenotype but without previous antigen (Ag) exposure. TVM cells have the ability to respond better to innate stimuli rather than by TCR engagement, producing large amounts of interferon gamma (IFNγ) after stimulation with interleukin (IL)-12 plus IL-18. As a result of the phenotypic similarity, TVM cells have been erroneously included in the central memory T cell subset for many years. However, they can now be discriminated via the CD49d receptor, which is up-regulated only on conventional memory T cells (TMEM) and effector T cells (TEFF) after specific cognate Ag recognition by a TCR. In this work we show that systemic expression of IL-12 plus IL-18 induced an alteration in the normal TVM vs TMEM/TEFF distribution in secondary lymphoid organs and a preferential enrichment of TVM cells in the melanoma (B16) and the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (KPC) tumor models. Using our KPC bearing OT-I mouse model, we observed a significant increase in CD8+ T cell infiltrating the tumor islets after IL-12+IL-18 stimulation with a lower average speed when compared to those from control mice. This finding indicates a stronger interaction of T cells with tumor cells after cytokine stimulation. These results correlate with a significant reduction in tumor size in both tumor models in IL-12+IL-18-treated OT-I mice compared to control OT-I mice. Interestingly, the absence of IFNγ completely abolished the high antitumor capacity induced by IL-12+IL-18 expression, indicating an important role for these cytokines in early tumor growth control. Thus, our studies provide significant new information that indicates an important role of TVM cells in the immune response against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Savid-Frontera
- Inmunología CIBICI-CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Estefania Viano
- Inmunología CIBICI-CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia S. Baez
- Inmunología CIBICI-CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolas L. Lidon
- Inmunología CIBICI-CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Quentin Fontaine
- Inmunología CIBICI-CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Howard A. Young
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Lene Vimeux
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Donnadieu
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Maria Cecilia Rodriguez-Galan
- Inmunología CIBICI-CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Maria Cecilia Rodriguez-Galan,
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Zhao Z, Fang L, Xiao P, Sun X, Zhou L, Liu X, Wang J, Wang G, Cao H, Zhang P, Jiang Y, Wang D, Li Y. Walking Dead Tumor Cells for Targeted Drug Delivery Against Lung Metastasis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2205462. [PMID: 35759925 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lung metastasis is challenging in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Surgery is always not available due to the dissemination of metastatic foci and most drugs are powerless because of poor retention at metastatic sites. TNBC cells generate an inflamed microenvironment and overexpress adhesive molecules to promote invasion and colonization. Herein, "walking dead" TNBC cells are developed through conjugating anti-PD-1 (programmed death protein 1 inhibitor) and doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded liposomes onto cell corpses for temporal chemo-immunotherapy against lung metastasis. The walking dead TNBC cells maintain plenary tumor antigens to conduct vaccination effects. Anti-PD-1 antibodies are conjugated to cell corpses via reduction-activated linker, and DOX-loaded liposomes are attached by maleimide-thiol coupling. This anchor strategy enables rapid release of anti-PD-1 upon reduction conditions while long-lasting release of DOX at inflamed metastatic sites. The walking dead TNBC cells improve pulmonary accumulation and local retention of drugs, reprogram the lung microenvironment through damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and PD-1 blockade, and prolong overall survival of lung metastatic 4T1 and EMT6-bearing mice. Taking advantage of the walking dead TNBC cells for pulmonary preferred delivery of chemotherapeutics and checkpoint inhibitors, this study suggests an alternative treatment option of chemo-immunotherapy to augment the efficacy against lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong, 264000, China
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiangshi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guanru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haiqiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong, 264000, China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dangge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong, 264000, China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shangdong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Shandong, 264000, China
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6
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Bystander T cells in cancer immunology and therapy. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:143-155. [PMID: 35228747 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-specific T cells are required for effective anti-cancer immunity and have a central role in cancer immunotherapy. However, emerging evidence suggests that only a small fraction of tumor-infiltrating T cells are cancer specific, and T cells that recognize cancer-unrelated antigens (so-called 'bystanders') are abundant. Although the role of cancer-specific T cells in anti-cancer immunity has been well established, the implications of bystander T cells in tumors are only beginning to be understood. It is becoming increasingly clear that bystander T cells are not a homogeneous group of cells but, instead, they differ in their specificities, their activation states and effector functions. In this Perspective, we discuss recent studies of bystander T cells in tumors, including experimental and computational approaches that enable their identification and functional analysis and viewpoints on how these insights could be used to develop new therapeutic approaches for cancer immunotherapy.
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Sritharan S, Sivalingam N. A comprehensive review on time-tested anticancer drug doxorubicin. Life Sci 2021; 278:119527. [PMID: 33887349 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin or Adriamycin, is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic drug for treating a myriad of cancers. It induces cell death through multiple intracellular targets: reactive oxygen species generation, DNA-adduct formation, topoisomerase II inhibition, histone eviction, Ca2+ and iron hemostasis regulation, and ceramide overproduction. Moreover, doxorubicin-treated dying cells undergo cellular modifications that enable neighboring dendritic cell activation and enhanced presentation of tumor antigen. In addition, doxorubicin also aids in the immune-mediated clearance of tumor cells. However, the development of chemoresistance and cardiotoxicity side effect has undermined its widespread applicability. Several formulations of doxorubicin and co-treatments with inhibitors, miRNAs, natural compounds and other chemotherapeutic drugs have been essential in reducing its dosage-dependent toxicity and combating the development of resistance. Further, more advanced research into the molecular mechanism of chemoresistance development would be vital in improving the overall survivability of clinical patients and in preventing cancer relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Sritharan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nageswaran Sivalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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8
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Liu H, Sun S, Wang G, Lu M, Zhang X, Wei X, Gao X, Huang C, Li Z, Zheng J, Zhang Q. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Cabozantinib Inhibits Murine Renal Cancer by Activating Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Front Oncol 2021; 11:663517. [PMID: 33954115 PMCID: PMC8089383 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.663517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has a very dismal prognosis. Cabozantinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of advanced RCC. However, the impact of cabozantinib on the immune microenvironment of RCC remains poorly understood. Methods Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed to examine the correlation between intratumor infiltration of neutrophils and patient prognosis in RCC. Infiltration and effector function of neutrophils and T cells in response to cabozantinib treatment were investigated in a murine RCC model. Results A retrospective study of 307 RCC patients indicated that neutrophils were recruited into tumor tissues, and increased neutrophil infiltration was associated with improved clinical outcomes. In a murine model of RCC, cabozantinib treatment significantly increased both intratumor infiltration and anti-tumor function of neutrophils and T cells. Mechanistically, we found that cabozantinib treatment induced expression of neutrophil-related chemokines (CCL11 and CXCL12) and T cell-related chemokines (CCL8 and CX3CL1) in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, depletion of neutrophils and CD8+ T cells compromised the therapeutic efficacy of cabozantinib. Importantly, cabozantinib treatment induced long-term anti-tumor T cell response. Conclusions Our study revealed novel mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of cabozantinib on RCC by activating both neutrophil-mediated innate immunity and T cell-mediated adaptive immunity. These findings are of great significance for guiding the clinical use of cabozantinib and provide a good candidate for future combination therapy with T-cell therapies or other immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Liu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shishuo Sun
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Lu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaokang Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohuan Wei
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoge Gao
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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9
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Hu J, Xia X, Zhao Q, Li S. Lysine acetylation of NKG2D ligand Rae-1 stabilizes the protein and sensitizes tumor cells to NKG2D immune surveillance. Cancer Lett 2021; 502:143-153. [PMID: 33279621 PMCID: PMC10142196 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Shedding, loss of expression, or internalization of natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) ligands from the tumor cell surface leads to immune evasion, which is associated with poor prognosis in patients with cancer. In many cancers, matrix metalloproteinases cause the proteolytic shedding of NKG2D ligands. However, it remained unclear how to protect NKG2D ligands from shedding. Here, we showed that the shedding of the mouse NKG2D ligand Rae-1 can be prevented by two critical acetyltransferases, GCN5 and PCAF, which acetylate the lysine residues of Rae-1 to avoid shedding both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, mutations at lysines 80 and 87 of Rae-1 abrogated this acetylation and thereby desensitized tumor cells to NKG2D-dependent immune surveillance. Notably, the protein levels of GCN5 correlated with the expression levels of the human NKG2D ligand ULPB1 in a human tumor tissue microarray and, more importantly, with prolonged overall survival in many cancers. Our results suggest that the acetylation of Rae-1 protein at lysines 80 and 87 by GCN5 and PCAF protects Rae-1 from shedding so as to activate NKG2D-dependent immune surveillance. This discovery may shed light on new targets for NKG2D immunotherapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemiao Hu
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 853, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xueqing Xia
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 853, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qingnan Zhao
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 853, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shulin Li
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 853, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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10
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Ullrich KAM, Schulze LL, Paap EM, Müller TM, Neurath MF, Zundler S. Immunology of IL-12: An update on functional activities and implications for disease. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:1563-1589. [PMID: 33408595 PMCID: PMC7783470 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-3104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As its first identified member, Interleukin-12 (IL-12) named a whole family of cytokines. In response to pathogens, the heterodimeric protein, consisting of the two subunits p35 and p40, is secreted by phagocytic cells. Binding of IL-12 to the IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) on T and natural killer (NK) cells leads to signaling via signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) and subsequent interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production and secretion. Signaling downstream of IFN-γ includes activation of T-box transcription factor TBX21 (Tbet) and induces pro-inflammatory functions of T helper 1 (TH1) cells, thereby linking innate and adaptive immune responses. Initial views on the role of IL-12 and clinical efforts to translate them into therapeutic approaches had to be re-interpreted following the discovery of other members of the IL-12 family, such as IL-23, sharing a subunit with IL-12. However, the importance of IL-12 with regard to immune processes in the context of infection and (auto-) inflammation is still beyond doubt. In this review, we will provide an update on functional activities of IL-12 and their implications for disease. We will begin with a summary on structure and function of the cytokine itself as well as its receptor and outline the signal transduction and the transcriptional regulation of IL-12 secretion. In the second part of the review, we will depict the involvement of IL-12 in immune-mediated diseases and relevant experimental disease models, while also providing an outlook on potential translational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A.-M. Ullrich
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Lou Schulze
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Paap
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Tanja M. Müller
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
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11
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Wu Y, Tang H, Si R, Xia S, Wang R, Wang Q. MICA enhances sensitivity to cisplatin in patients with extensive small cell lung cancer via downregulation of ABCG2. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1143-1152. [PMID: 32724354 PMCID: PMC7377106 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy utilizing natural killer cell-activated receptor natural-killer group-2 member D ligands (NKG2DLs) has had preclinical success in the treatment of small cell lung cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the association between NKG2Ls and chemoresistance. The mRNA expression of six NKG2DLs associated with progression-free survival time (PFS) and first-line chemotherapy were assessed in the present study. Major histocompatibility complex class I polypeptide-related sequence A (MICA)-overexpressing NCI-H446 cell line was constructed, and the mRNA expression levels of 11 genes associated with chemotherapy sensitivity were determined. The results demonstrated that MICA was positively and significantly associated with PFS. Furthermore, MICA expression was 1.6 times higher in patients with prolonged PFS compared with the rapid chemoresistance group. ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) mRNA expression was associated with chemotherapy resistance and significantly downregulated in the cell line overexpressing MICA. Moreover, following addition of nicardipine (an ABCG2 inhibitor), chemotherapeutic sensitivity increased in the MICA-overexpressing cell line. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that MICA may enhance the chemosensitivity of patients with extensive small cell lung cancer by downregulating ABCG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Ruirui Si
- Department of Health Center, Henan Airport Group Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Suhua Xia
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Qiming Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
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12
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Zhao Q, Hu J, Mitra A, Cutrera J, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Yan J, Xia X, Mahadeo KM, Livingston JA, Gorlick R, Li S. Tumor-targeted IL-12 combined with tumor resection yields a survival-favorable immune profile. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:154. [PMID: 31208461 PMCID: PMC6580640 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0631-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although accumulated evidence provides a strong scientific premise for using immune profiles to predict survival in patients with cancer, a universal immune profile across tumor types is still lacking, and how to achieve a survival-associated immune profile remains to be evaluated. METHODS We analyzed datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas to identify an immune profile associated with prolonged overall survival in multiple tumor types and tested the efficacy of tumor cell-surface vimentin-targeted interleukin 12 (ttIL-12) in inducing that immune profile and prolonging survival in both mouse and patient-derived xenograft tumor models. RESULTS We identified an immune profile (IFNγHiCD8HiFOXP3LowCD33Low) associated with prolonged overall survival across several human tumor types. ttIL-12 in combination with surgical resection of the primary tumor transformed tumors to this immune profile. Intriguingly, this immune profile transformation led to inhibition of metastasis and to prolonged survival in both mouse and patient-derived xenograft malignant models. Wild-type IL-12 combined with surgery was significantly less effective. In the IL-12-sensitive C3H mouse strain, in fact, wild-type IL-12 and surgery resulted in shorter overall survival than in mice treated with control pDNA; this surprising result is believed to be attributable to IL-12 toxicity, which was absent in the mice treated with ttIL-12. The ttIL-12-induced immune profile associated with longer overall survival was also associated with a greater accumulation of CD8+ T cells and reduced infiltration of regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and tumor-associated macrophages. The underlying mechanism for this transformation by ttIL-12 treatment was induction of expression of CXCL9 and reduction of expression of CXCL2 and CCL22 in tumors. CONCLUSIONS ttIL-12 when combined with surgery led to conversion to the IFNγHiCD8HiFOXP3LowCD33Low immune profile, eliminated relapse and metastasis, and prolonged overall survival.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Neoplasms/genetics
- Bone Neoplasms/immunology
- Bone Neoplasms/pathology
- Bone Neoplasms/therapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Interleukin-12/immunology
- Interleukin-12/pharmacology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Osteosarcoma/genetics
- Osteosarcoma/immunology
- Osteosarcoma/pathology
- Osteosarcoma/therapy
- Survival Analysis
- Vimentin/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingnan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jiemiao Hu
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Abhisek Mitra
- Pharmaceutical company of Pfizer in Pearl River, New York, NY, 10965, USA
| | - Jeffry Cutrera
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wendong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhongting Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xueqing Xia
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kris Michael Mahadeo
- Department of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John Andrew Livingston
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shulin Li
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 853, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
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13
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Baez NS, Cerbán F, Savid-Frontera C, Hodge DL, Tosello J, Acosta-Rodriguez E, Almada L, Gruppi A, Viano ME, Young HA, Rodriguez-Galan MC. Thymic expression of IL-4 and IL-15 after systemic inflammatory or infectious Th1 disease processes induce the acquisition of "innate" characteristics during CD8+ T cell development. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007456. [PMID: 30608984 PMCID: PMC6319713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate CD8+ T cells express a memory-like phenotype and demonstrate a strong cytotoxic capacity that is critical during the early phase of the host response to certain bacterial and viral infections. These cells arise in the thymus and depend on IL-4 and IL-15 for their development. Even though innate CD8+ T cells exist in the thymus of WT mice in low numbers, they are highly enriched in KO mice that lack certain kinases, leading to an increase in IL-4 production by thymic NKT cells. Our work describes that in C57BL/6 WT mice undergoing a Th1 biased infectious disease, the thymus experiences an enrichment of single positive CD8 (SP8) thymocytes that share all the established phenotypical and functional characteristics of innate CD8+ T cells. Moreover, through in vivo experiments, we demonstrate a significant increase in survival and a lower parasitemia in mice adoptively transferred with SP8 thymocytes from OT I—T. cruzi-infected mice, demonstrating that innate CD8+ thymocytes are able to protect against a lethal T. cruzi infection in an Ag-independent manner. Interestingly, we obtained similar results when using thymocytes from systemic IL-12 + IL-18-treated mice. This data indicates that cytokines triggered during the acute stage of a Th1 infectious process induce thymic production of IL-4 along with IL-15 expression resulting in an adequate niche for development of innate CD8+ T cells as early as the double positive (DP) stage. Our data demonstrate that the thymus can sense systemic inflammatory situations and alter its conventional CD8 developmental pathway when a rapid innate immune response is required to control different types of pathogens. Murine innate CD8+ T cells demonstrate strong cytotoxic capacity during the early phase of certain bacterial and viral infections. Such cells have been reported to be present in both mice and humans but many questions remain as to their differentiation and maturation process. Innate CD8+ T cells arise in the thymus and depend on IL-4 and IL-15 for their development. A description of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved during their thymic development has been obtained from KO mice that lack kinases and transcription factors important for TCR signaling. In these mice, SP8 thymocytes with an innate phenotype are highly enriched over the conventional SP8 cells. Our work describes, for the first time, that in WT mice, thymic IL-4 and IL-15 expression triggered by Th1 infectious processes induce an adequate niche for development of innate rather than conventional CD8+ T cells. Our data show that the thymus is able to sense a systemic inflammatory response (probably mediated by systemic IL-12 and IL-18 production) and alter its ontogeny when pathogen control is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S. Baez
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fabio Cerbán
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Constanza Savid-Frontera
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Deborah L. Hodge
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Jimena Tosello
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eva Acosta-Rodriguez
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Almada
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Estefania Viano
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Howard A. Young
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Maria Cecilia Rodriguez-Galan
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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14
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Zhao R, Cheng L, Jiang Z, Wei X, Li B, Wu Q, Wang S, Lin S, Long Y, Zhang X, Wu Y, Du X, Pei D, Liu P, Li Y, Cui S, Yao Y, Li P. DNAX-activating protein 10 co-stimulation enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Oncoimmunology 2018; 8:e1509173. [PMID: 30546945 PMCID: PMC6287795 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1509173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapies have shown remarkable efficacy in treating multiple types of hematological malignancies but are not sufficiently effective at treating solid tumors. NKG2D is a strong activating receptor for NK cells and a co-stimulatory receptor for T cells. NKG2D signal transduction depends on DNAX-activating protein 10 (DAP10). Here, we introduced the cytoplasmic domain of DAP10 into the second-generation CARs M28z and G28z to generate M28z10 and G28z10, which target mesothelin (MSLN) and glypican 3 (GPC3), respectively. T cells expressing M28z10 or G28z10 showed enhanced and prolonged effector function against MSLN+ lung cancer or GPC3+ hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines in culture and secreted elevated levels of cytokines, including IL-2, IFN-γ, granzyme B, and GM-CSF. In addition, M28z10 CAR-T cells showed greater anti-tumor activity than those expressing M28z in both A549 cell line xenografts and human lung cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Similarly, G28z10 exhibited higher efficacy in causing tumor regression than did G28z in hepatocellular carcinoma PDX. Therefore, our results show that DAP10 signaling contributes to the function of CAR-T cells in both lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma and can enhance the efficacy of CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruocong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinru Wei
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baiheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suna Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simiao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youguo Long
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuchao Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Medical Research Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilong Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Medical Research Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duanqing Pei
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pentao Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Centre, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuzhong Cui
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Combination Therapy with EpCAM-CAR-NK-92 Cells and Regorafenib against Human Colorectal Cancer Models. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:4263520. [PMID: 30410941 PMCID: PMC6205314 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4263520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive chimeric antigen receptor-modified T or NK cells (CAR-T or CAR-NK) offer new options for cancer treatment. CAR-T therapy has achieved encouraging breakthroughs in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, their therapeutic efficacy against solid tumors is limited. New regimens, including combinations with chemical drugs, need to be studied to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of CAR-T or NK cells for solid tumors. An epithelial cell adhesion molecule- (EpCAM-) specific second-generation CAR was constructed and transduced into NK-92 cells by lentiviral vectors. Immune effects, including cytokine release and cytotoxicity of the CAR-NK-92 cells against EpCAM-positive colon cancer cells, were evaluated in vitro. Synergistic effects of regorafenib and CAR-NK-92 cells were analyzed in a mouse model with human colorectal cancer xenografts. The CAR-NK-92 cells can specifically recognize EpCAM-positive colorectal cancer cells and release cytokines, including IFN-γ, perforin, and granzyme B, and show specific cytotoxicity in vitro. The growth suppression efficacy of combination therapy with regorafenib and CAR-NK-92 cells on established EpCAM-positive tumor xenografts was more significant than that of monotherapy with CAR-NK-92 cells or regorafenib. Our results provided a novel strategy to treat colorectal cancer and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of CAR-modified immune effector cells for solid tumors.
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16
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Hu J, Sun C, Bernatchez C, Xia X, Hwu P, Dotti G, Li S. T-cell Homing Therapy for Reducing Regulatory T Cells and Preserving Effector T-cell Function in Large Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2920-2934. [PMID: 29391351 PMCID: PMC6004229 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Infused autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and tumor-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells typically surround malignant lesions or penetrate small tumor nodules but fail to penetrate large solid tumors, significantly compromising their antitumor impact. Strategies to overcome this primary challenge are largely required.Experimental Design: We tested the effects of IL12 plus doxorubicin on T-cell penetration and efficacy in solid tumors in a murine lung cancer model, a murine breast carcinoma lung metastasis model, and two human xenograft tumor models bearing large tumors (>10 mm).Results: Intriguingly, this simple approach increased the numbers, the distribution, and the depth of penetration of infused CD8+ T cells in these tumors, including both TILs and CAR T cells. This combined treatment halted tumor progression and significantly extended survival time. Studies of the underlying mechanism revealed multiple effects. First, the combined treatment maintained the high ratios of immune-stimulatory receptors to immune-inhibitory receptors on infiltrated CD8+ T cells, reduced the accumulation of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells, and enhanced the numbers of T-bet+ effector T cells in the tumors. Second, doxorubicin induced chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10, which may attract NKG2D+CD8+ T cells to tumors, and this effect was boosted by IL12-induced IFNγ accumulation in tumors, promoting the penetration of NKG2D+CD8+ T cells.Conclusions: The deep penetration of infused T cells associated with combined IL12 plus doxorubicin yielded striking therapeutic effects in murine and human xenograft solid tumors. This approach might broaden the application of T-cell therapy to a wider range of solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 24(12); 2920-34. ©2018 AACRSee related commentary by Berraondo et al., p. 2716.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemiao Hu
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chuang Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xueqing Xia
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shulin Li
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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17
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Knudson KM, Hicks KC, Luo X, Chen JQ, Schlom J, Gameiro SR. M7824, a novel bifunctional anti-PD-L1/TGFβ Trap fusion protein, promotes anti-tumor efficacy as monotherapy and in combination with vaccine. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1426519. [PMID: 29721396 PMCID: PMC5927523 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1426519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors evade host immune surveillance through multiple mechanisms, including the generation of a tumor microenvironment that suppresses immune effector function. Secretion of TGFβ and upregulation of immune checkpoint programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) are two main contributors to immune evasion and tumor progression. Here, we examined the efficacy of a first-in-class bifunctional checkpoint inhibitor, the fusion protein M7824, comprising the extracellular domain of human TGFβRII (TGFβ Trap) linked to the C-terminus of human anti-PD-L1 heavy chain (αPD-L1). We demonstrate that M7824 reduces plasma TGFβ1, binds to PD-L1 in the tumor, and decreases TGFβ-induced signaling in the tumor microenvironment in mice. In murine breast and colon carcinoma models, M7824 decreased tumor burden and increased overall survival as compared to targeting TGFβ alone. M7824 treatment promoted CD8+ T cell and NK cell activation, and both of these immune populations were required for optimal M7824-mediated tumor control. M7824 was superior to TGFβ- or αPD-L1-targeted therapies when in combination with a therapeutic cancer vaccine. These findings demonstrate the value of using M7824 to simultaneously target TGFβ and PD-L1/PD-1 immunosuppressive pathways to promote anti-tumor responses and efficacy. The studies also support the potential clinical use of M7824 as a monotherapy or in combination with other immunotherapies, such as therapeutic cancer vaccines, including for patients who have progressed on αPD-L1/αPD-1 checkpoint blockade therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin M Knudson
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristin C Hicks
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jin-Qiu Chen
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (CPTR), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Schlom
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sofia R Gameiro
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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18
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Synergistic Effects of Cabozantinib and EGFR-Specific CAR-NK-92 Cells in Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:6915912. [PMID: 29423418 PMCID: PMC5750507 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6915912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The chimeric antigen receptor-modified immune effector cell (CAR-T and CAR-NK) therapies are newly developed adoptive treatments of cancers. However, their therapeutic efficacy against solid tumors is limited. Combining CAR-T or CAR-NK cells with chemotherapeutic drugs to treat solid tumor may be a promising strategy. We developed an epidermal growth factor- (EGFR-) specific third-generation CAR. NK-92 cells were modified with the CAR by lentivirus infection. The specific killing ability of the CAR-modified NK-92 cells (CAR-NK-92) against renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines was confirmed in vitro. The synergistic effects of cabozantinib and EGFR-specific CAR-NK-92 cells were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that the CAR-NK-92 cells lyse RCC cells in an EGFR-specific manner. Treatment with cabozantinib could increase EGFR and decrease PD-L1 membrane surface expression in RCC cells and enhance the killing ability of CAR-NK-92 cells against the RCC cells in vitro. Furthermore, the CAR-NK-92 cells show synergistic therapeutic efficacy with cabozantinib against human RCC xenograft models. Our results provided the basis for combination with chemotherapy as a novel strategy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of CAR-modified immune effector cells for solid tumors.
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Xu J, Tian K, Zhang H, Li L, Liu H, Liu J, Zhang Q, Zheng J. Chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy for solid tumors require new clinical regimens. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2017; 17:1099-1106. [PMID: 29048935 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2017.1395285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chimeric antigen receptor modified T cell (CAR-T) therapy has achieved encouraging breakthroughs in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Nevertheless, this success has not yet been extrapolated to solid tumors. This review focuses on new clinical regimens that could improve the therapeutic efficacy of CAR-T in solid tumors. Areas covered: Herein, the authors reviewed recent clinical trials using CAR-T therapies for the treatment of solid tumors. Specifically, this review covered the following areas: (1) the current status of CAR-T cells in the treatment of solid tumors; (2) the major factors constraining the efficacy of CAR-T cells in solid tumors; and (3) opinions regarding the future of CAR-T as a treatment for solid tumors. Expert commentary: While some recent studies have shown promising results, the ultimate success of CAR-T therapies in solid tumor patients will require the following improvements to clinical regimens: (1) local delivery of CAR-T cells; (2) combination of CAR-T cells with chemotherapeutic drugs to treat metastatic tumors; (3) combination of CAR-T with immune checkpoint inhibitors; (4) combination therapy using CAR-T cells targeting two different antigens; and (5) the use of CAR-T as a strategy to prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis after radical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Xu
- a Cancer Institute , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , China.,b Galactophore Department , Jiangsu Huai'an Maternity and Children Hospital , Huai'an , Jiangsu , China
| | - Kang Tian
- a Cancer Institute , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Haixu Zhang
- a Cancer Institute , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Liantao Li
- a Cancer Institute , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- a Cancer Institute , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jingjie Liu
- a Cancer Institute , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Qing Zhang
- a Cancer Institute , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- a Cancer Institute , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , China.,c Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , China
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Jelenčić V, Lenartić M, Wensveen FM, Polić B. NKG2D: A versatile player in the immune system. Immunol Lett 2017; 189:48-53. [PMID: 28414183 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NKG2D is known as a potent activating receptor of the immune system. It is expressed on a multitude of immune cells, including NK cells and different subsets of T cells. NKG2D recognizes various MHC I-like ligands that are induced on target cells exposed to stressors such as viral infection, DNA damage and oncological transformation. NKG2D drives or facilitates cytotoxic and cytokine responses towards cells expressing its ligands to eliminate the threat. Therefore, NKG2D is usually classified as a sensor that translates cellular stress into activation signals for immune cells. However, more recently it has become evident that NKG2D plays a role beyond direct killing of target cells. Lack of NKG2D affects development of NK cells in the bone marrow, resulting in hyperreactive NK cells. NKG2D deficiency on CD8 T cells affects the ability of effector cells to produce cytokines in response to T cell receptor engagement and reduces their capacity to establish immunological memory. Although NKG2D is not expressed on B cells subsets, lack of this receptor in hematopoietic precursors affects B cell development. Homing of mature B2 cells is altered in NKG2D-deficient mice and they have a strong reduction in peripheral B1a cell numbers, resulting in increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. The exact molecular mechanisms via which NKG2D mediates these versatile functions is still being explored, but appears to depend on the control of activation thresholds, either in hematopoietic precursors or mature immune cell subsets. In this review, we will elaborate on the underappreciated developmental and regulatory roles of NKG2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Jelenčić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Maja Lenartić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Felix M Wensveen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bojan Polić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
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Hu J, Bernatchez C, Zhang L, Xia X, Kleinerman ES, Hung MC, Hwu P, Li S. Induction of NKG2D Ligands on Solid Tumors Requires Tumor-Specific CD8 + T Cells and Histone Acetyltransferases. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:300-311. [PMID: 28223282 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
NKG2D-mediated immune surveillance is crucial for inhibiting tumor growth and metastases. Malignant tumor cells often downregulate NKG2D ligands to escape from immune surveillance. High-profile studies have shown that restoring NKG2D ligand expression via genetic engineering inhibits tumor formation and progression. However, no effective in vivo approaches are available to restore these ligands across different types of solid tumors because the classic stress signal-dependent induction of this ligand in vitro is transient and has rarely been duplicated in solid tumors in vivo We found that coadministration of an immune stimulatory signal (IL12) and chemotherapy (doxorubicin) restored the NKG2D ligand Rae-1 in multiple tumor types, including a human tumor model. The restored expression of NKG2D ligands was associated with tumor cell death and delay of tumor progression in vivo Induction of tumor-specific NKG2D ligands required the engagement of CD8+ T cells and was regulated by the histone acetyltransferases GCN5 and PCAF. The tumor-specific restoration of NKG2D ligands in a variety of tumor models, including a human tumor model, resulted in NKG2D-dependent tumor regression and extended survival time. The elucidation of a CD8+ T cell-dependent mechanism suggests that activated NKG2D+CD8+ T-cell therapy alone may be able to restore the NKG2D ligand in tumors. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(4); 300-11. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemiao Hu
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Xueqing Xia
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eugenie S Kleinerman
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Center of Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shulin Li
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Hu J, Batth IS, Xia X, Li S. Regulation of NKG2D +CD8 + T-cell-mediated antitumor immune surveillance: Identification of a novel CD28 activation-mediated, STAT3 phosphorylation-dependent mechanism. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1252012. [PMID: 28123894 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1252012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural killer (NK) group 2D (NKG2D) receptor, which displays on mouse and human NK cells, activates CD8+ T cells and small subsets of other T cells. NKG2D+CD8+ T cells play critical roles in both innate and adaptive immunity upon engagement with NKG2D ligands to eliminate tumor and infected cells. Despite the important role of NKG2D+CD8+ T cells in immune surveillance, the mechanisms of how NKG2D expression on CD8+ T cells is regulated remain poorly defined. We treated mouse and human CD8+ T cells with CD80 recombinant protein, plus a pharmacologic model with small molecular inhibitors to determine which signaling pathway leads to NKG2D regulation on CD8+T cells. This study revealed that CD28 activation gives rise to sustained NKG2D expression on both mouse and human CD8+ T cells in a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation-dependent manner. Further, we found that CD28 activation stimulated sustained activation of the tyrosine kinase Lck, which recruits and triggers Janus kinase/STAT3 signaling to phosphorylate STAT3, and in turn increases NKG2D expression. Moreover, NKG2D induction on CD8+ T cells exerts cytolytic activity against target tumor cells in vitro, as well as significantly improves the antitumor therapeutic effects in vivo in an NKG2D-dependent manner. Taken together, these results elucidated a novel mechanism of NKG2D regulation by phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) on CD8+ T cells upon CD28 activation. This mechanism may shed light on the effectiveness of CD80-based, NKG2D-dependent antitumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemiao Hu
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Izhar S Batth
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xueqing Xia
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shulin Li
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
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Hu J, Wang C, Ye L, Yang W, Huang H, Meng F, Shi S, Ding Z. Anti-tumour immune effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum to CT26 tumour-bearing mice. J Biosci 2016; 40:269-79. [PMID: 25963256 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-015-9518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer that shows a high mortality and increasing incidence. There are numerous successful treatment options for CRC, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy; however, their side effects and limitations are considerable. Probiotics may be an effective strategy for preventing and inhibiting tumour growth through stimulation of host innate and adaptive immunity. We investigated and compared potential anti-tumour immune responses induced by two isolated Lactobacillus strains, Lactobacillus plantarum A and Lactobacillus rhamnosus b, by pre-inoculating mice with lactobacilli for 14 days. Subsequently, subcutaneous and orthotopic intestinal tumours were generated in the pre-inoculated mice using CT26 murine adenocarcinoma cells and were assessed for response against the tumour. Our results indicated that oral administration with L. plantarum inhibited CT26 cell growth in BALB/c mice and prolonged the survival time of tumour-bearing mice compared with mice administered L. rhamnosus. L. plantarum produced protective immunity against the challenge with CT26 cells by increasing the effector functions of CD8+ and natural killer (NK) cell infiltration into tumour tissue, up-regulation of IFN-gamma (but not IL-4 or IL-17) production, and promotion of Th1-type CD4+ T differentiation. Consequently, our results suggest that L. plantarum can enhance the anti-tumour immune response and delay tumour formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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Bücklein V, Adunka T, Mendler AN, Issels R, Subklewe M, Schmollinger JC, Noessner E. Progressive natural killer cell dysfunction associated with alterations in subset proportions and receptor expression in soft-tissue sarcoma patients. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1178421. [PMID: 27622032 PMCID: PMC5006893 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1178421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is currently investigated as treatment option in many types of cancer. So far, results from clinical trials have demonstrated that significant benefit from immunomodulatory therapies is restricted to patients with select histologies. To broaden the potential use of these therapies, a deeper understanding for mechanisms of immunosuppression in patients with cancer is needed. Soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) presents a medical challenge with significant mortality even after multimodal treatment. We investigated function and immunophenotype of peripheral natural killer (NK) cells from chemotherapy-naive STS patients (1st line) and STS patients with progression or relapse after previous chemotherapeutic treatment (2nd line). We found NK cells from peripheral blood of both STS patient cohorts to be dysfunctional, being unable to lyse K562 target cells while NK cells from renal cell cancer (RCC) patients did not display attenuated lytic activity. Ex vivo stimulation of NK cells from STS patients with interleukin-2 plus TKD restored cytotoxic function. Furthermore, altered NK cell subset composition with reduced proportions of CD56(dim) cells could be demonstrated, increasing from 1st- to 2nd-line patients. 2nd-line patients additionally displayed significantly reduced expression of receptors (NKG2D), mediators (CD3ζ), and effectors (perforin) of NK cell activation. In these patients, we also detected fewer NK cells with CD57 expression, a marker for terminally differentiated cytotoxic NK cells. Our results elucidate mechanisms of NK cell dysfunction in STS patients with advanced disease. Markers like NKG2D, CD3ζ, and perforin are candidates to characterize NK cells with effective antitumor function for immunotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit Bücklein
- Clinical Cooperation Group Immunotherapy, HelmholtzZentrum München, Munich, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tina Adunka
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München , Munich, Germany
| | - Anna N Mendler
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, HelmholtzZentrum München , Munich, Germany
| | - Rolf Issels
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München , Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Subklewe
- Clinical Cooperation Group Immunotherapy, HelmholtzZentrum München, Munich, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan C Schmollinger
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, HelmholtzZentrum München , Munich, Germany
| | - Elfriede Noessner
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, HelmholtzZentrum München , Munich, Germany
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Zhang Z, Yu X, Wang Z, Wu P, Huang J. Anthracyclines potentiate anti-tumor immunity: A new opportunity for chemoimmunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:331-5. [PMID: 26454214 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthracyclines are a class of drugs, including doxorubicin, epirubicin and idarubicin, used in cancer chemotherapy which are derived from Streptomyces bacterium Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius. Traditionally, substantial pieces of evidence have demonstrated that anthracyclines could harness the host immune system to prevent cancer progression. But nowadays, researches also implied that anthracyclines could sensitize tumor cells to immune cell driven cytotoxicity, like dendritic cells and CD8+ T cell. The ability of anthracyclines in tumor immune cycle, including trigger direct tumor cell death, enhance immune effector cell activation and eliminate immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), explained its capacity to relieve tumor induced immunosuppression and restore anticancer immune responses. And current pre-clinical and clinical trials implied that combination therapies using anthracyclines with immunotherapy have further enhanced the clinical benefit. Here, we discuss how the increased understanding of the immune-driven effects of anthracyclines prompts the design of relevant cancer chemoimmunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | | | - Zhen Wang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Pin Wu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.
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Specific medicinal plant polysaccharides effectively enhance the potency of a DC-based vaccine against mouse mammary tumor metastasis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122374. [PMID: 25825910 PMCID: PMC4380423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines are a newly emerging immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment and prevention of cancer, but major challenges still remain particularly with respect to clinical efficacy. Engineering and optimization of adjuvant formulations for DC-based vaccines is one strategy through which more efficacious treatments may be obtained. In this study, we developed a new ex vivo approach for DC vaccine preparation. We evaluated two highly purified mixed polysaccharide fractions from the root of Astragalus membranaceus and Codonopsis pilosulae, named Am and Cp, for their use in enhancing the efficiency of a DC-based cancer vaccine against metastasis of 4T1 mammary carcinoma in mice. Mixed lymphocyte reaction showed all Am-, Cp- and [Am+Cp]-treated DCs enhanced mouse CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proliferation. [Am+Cp]-treated DCs exhibited the strongest anti-4T1 metastasis activity in test mice. Treatments with Am, Cp and [Am+Cp] also resulted in augmented expression of CD40, CD80 and CD86 markers in test DCs. Bioinformatics analysis of the cytokine array data from treated DCs identified that [Am+Cp] is efficacious in activation of specific immune functions via mediating the expression of cytokines/chemokines involved in the recruitment and differentiation of defined immune cells. Biochemical analysis revealed that Am and Cp are composed mainly of polysaccharides containing a high level (70–95%) glucose residues, but few or no (< 1%) mannose residues. In summary, our findings suggest that the specific plant polysaccharides Am and Cp extracted from traditional Chinese medicines can be effectively used instead of bacterial LPS as a potent adjuvant in the formulation of a DC-based vaccine for cancer immunotherapies.
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