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Jia Y, Chen X, Guo H, Zhang B, Liu B. Comprehensive characterization of β-alanine metabolism-related genes in HCC identified a novel prognostic signature related to clinical outcomes. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7073-7100. [PMID: 38637116 PMCID: PMC11087131 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands out as the most prevalent type of liver cancer and a significant contributor to cancer-related fatalities globally. Metabolic reprogramming, particularly in glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, plays a crucial role in HCC progression. However, the functions of β-alanine metabolism-related genes (βAMRGs) in HCC remain understudied. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of βAMRGs is required, specifically in HCC. Initially, we explored the pan-cancer landscape of βAMRGs, integrating expression profiles, prognostic values, mutations, and methylation levels. Subsequently, scRNA sequencing results indicated that hepatocytes had the highest scores of β-alanine metabolism. In the process of hepatocyte carcinogenesis, metabolic pathways were further activated. Using βAMRGs scores and expression profiles, we classified HCC patients into three subtypes and examined their prognosis and immune microenvironments. Cluster 3, characterized by the highest βAMRGs scores, displayed the best prognosis, reinforcing β-alanine's significant contribution to HCC pathophysiology. Notably, immune microenvironment, metabolism, and cell death modes significantly varied among the β-alanine subtypes. We developed and validated a novel prognostic panel based on βAMRGs and constructed a nomogram incorporating risk degree and clinicopathological characteristics. Among the model genes, EHHADH has been identified as a protective protein in HCC. Its expression was notably downregulated in tumors and exhibited a close correlation with factors such as tumor staging, grading, and prognosis. Immunohistochemical experiments, conducted using HCC tissue microarrays, substantiated the validation of its expression levels. In conclusion, this study uncovers β-alanine's significant role in HCC for the first time, suggesting new research targets and directions for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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2
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Zhu Y, Wang K, Jia X, Fu C, Yu H, Wang Y. Antioxidant peptides, the guardian of life from oxidative stress. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:275-364. [PMID: 37621230 DOI: 10.1002/med.21986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during oxidative metabolism in aerobic organisms. Under normal conditions, ROS production and elimination are in a relatively balanced state. However, under internal or external environmental stress, such as high glucose levels or UV radiation, ROS production can increase significantly, leading to oxidative stress. Excess ROS production not only damages biomolecules but is also closely associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as skin photoaging, diabetes, and cancer. Antioxidant peptides (AOPs) are naturally occurring or artificially designed peptides that can reduce the levels of ROS and other pro-oxidants, thus showing great potential in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases. In this review, we discussed ROS production and its role in inducing oxidative stress-related diseases in humans. Additionally, we discussed the sources, mechanism of action, and evaluation methods of AOPs and provided directions for future studies on AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Zhu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Jia
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Science and Technology Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Caili Fu
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haining Yu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Habra K, Pearson JRD, Le Vu P, Puig‐Saenz C, Cripps MJ, Khan MA, Turner MD, Sale C, McArdle SEB. Anticancer actions of carnosine in cellular models of prostate cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18061. [PMID: 38018900 PMCID: PMC10826443 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatments for organ-confined prostate cancer include external beam radiation therapy, radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy/brachytherapy, cryoablation and high-intensity focused ultrasound. None of these are cancer-specific and are commonly accompanied by side effects, including urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction. Moreover, subsequent surgical treatments following biochemical recurrence after these interventions are either limited or affected by the scarring present in the surrounding tissue. Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a histidine-containing naturally occurring dipeptide which has been shown to have an anti-tumorigenic role without any detrimental effect on healthy cells; however, its effect on prostate cancer cells has never been investigated. In this study, we investigated the effect of carnosine on cell proliferation and metabolism in both a primary cultured androgen-resistant human prostate cancer cell line, PC346Flu1 and murine TRAMP-C1 cells. Our results show that carnosine has a significant dose-dependent inhibitory effect in vitro on the proliferation of both human (PC346Flu1) and murine (TRAMP-C1) prostate cancer cells, which was confirmed in 3D-models of the same cells. Carnosine was also shown to decrease adenosine triphosphate content and reactive species which might have been caused in part by the increase in SIRT3 also shown after carnosine treatment. These encouraging results support the need for further human in vivo work to determine the potential use of carnosine, either alone or, most likely, as an adjunct therapy to surgical or other conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Habra
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
- Chemistry Department, School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
| | - J. R. D. Pearson
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
- Centre for Systems Health and integrated Metabolic Research (SHiMR), School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
| | - P. Le Vu
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
| | - C. Puig‐Saenz
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
- Centre for Systems Health and integrated Metabolic Research (SHiMR), School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
| | - M. J. Cripps
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases, and Ageing, School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
| | - M. A. Khan
- Department of UrologyUniversity Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicesterUK
| | - M. D. Turner
- Centre for Systems Health and integrated Metabolic Research (SHiMR), School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases, and Ageing, School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
| | - C. Sale
- Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | - S. E. B. McArdle
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
- Centre for Systems Health and integrated Metabolic Research (SHiMR), School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
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4
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Erythrocytes Prevent Degradation of Carnosine by Human Serum Carnosinase. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312802. [PMID: 34884603 PMCID: PMC8657436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The naturally occurring dipeptide carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) has beneficial effects in different diseases. It is also frequently used as a food supplement to improve exercise performance and because of its anti-aging effects. Nevertheless, after oral ingestion, the dipeptide is not detectable in human serum because of rapid degradation by serum carnosinase. At the same time, intact carnosine is excreted in urine up to five hours after intake. Therefore, an unknown compartment protecting the dipeptide from degradation has long been hypothesized. Considering that erythrocytes may constitute this compartment, we investigated the uptake and intracellular amounts of carnosine in human erythrocytes cultivated in the presence of the dipeptide and human serum using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. In addition, we studied carnosine’s effect on ATP production in red blood cells and on their response to oxidative stress. Our experiments revealed uptake of carnosine into erythrocytes and protection from carnosinase degradation. In addition, no negative effect on ATP production or defense against oxidative stress was observed. In conclusion, our results for the first time demonstrate that erythrocytes can take up carnosine, and, most importantly, thereby prevent its degradation by human serum carnosinase.
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Nooh MM, Rizk SM, Saied NM, Abdelazim SM. Carnosine Remedial Effect on Fertility of Male Rats Receiving Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunomycin, Oncovin and Prednisone (CHOP). Andrologia 2021; 53:e14233. [PMID: 34535909 DOI: 10.1111/and.14233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents can impair gonadal function triggering infertility. Here, we probed the properties of carnosine as an antioxidant in reproductive disorders caused by the combination of cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunomycin (doxorubicin), oncovin (vincristine) and prednisone (CHOP); this combination is mostly used in treating non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Animals were distributed into four groups: Group I was the control. Group II received carnosine (250mg kg day-1 , i.p.); Group III received CHOP: cyclophosphamide (27 mg/kg/cycle), doxorubicin (1.8 mg/kg/cycle) and vincristine (0.05 mg/kg /cycle) by i.p. plus oral prednisone (1.47 mg kg-1 day-1 /cycle) for five days. Group IV received carnosine plus CHOP. The study involved 4 cycles each of 3 weeks. Also, we explored the effect of combining carnosine with CHOP on the development of solid Ehrlich carcinoma in mice. CHOP lowered genitals weight, sperm count and motility, testicular function marker enzymes, serum testosterone level and gene expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. Furthermore, CHOP elevated testicular oxidative stress, serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone and triggered DNA damage. Morphometric and histopathological examinations of testicular tissues buttressed the biochemical results. Importantly, administration of carnosine ameliorated CHOP-induced alterations without diminishing CHOP's antineoplastic action. These results indicated that carnosine may ameliorate reproductive disorders induced by CHOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Nooh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherine M Rizk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nashwa M Saied
- Hormone Evaluation Department, Egyptian Drug Authority (NODCAR), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sally M Abdelazim
- Hormone Evaluation Department, Egyptian Drug Authority (NODCAR), Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Gaafar PME, El-Salamouni NS, Farid RM, Hazzah HA, Helmy MW, Abdallah OY. Pegylated liquisomes: A novel combined passive targeting nanoplatform of L-carnosine for breast cancer. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120666. [PMID: 33933646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PEGylated Liquisomes (P-Liquisomes), a novel drug delivery system was designed for the first time by incorporating phospholipid complex in PEGylated liquid crystalline nanoparticles (P-LCNPs). L-carnosine (CN), a challenging dipeptide, has proven to be a promising anti-cancer drug. However, it exhibits high water solubility and extensive in-vivo degradation that halts its use. The objective of this work was to investigate the ability of our novel system to improve the CN anticancer activity by prolonging it's release and protecting it in-vivo. In-vitro appraisal revealed spherical light-colored vesicles encapsulated in the liquid crystals, confirming the successful formation of the combined system. P-Liquisomes were nano-sized (149.3 ± 1.4 nm), with high ZP (-40.2 ± 1.5 mV), complexation efficiency (97.5 ± 0.9%) and outstanding sustained release of only 75.4% released after 24 h, compared to P-LCNPs and Phytosomes. The results obtained with P-Liquisomes are considered as a break through compared to P-LCNPs or Phytosomes alone, especially when dealing with the hydrophilic CN. In-vitro cytotoxicity evaluation, revealed superior cytotoxic effect of P-Liquisomes (IC50 = 25.9) after 24 h incubation. Besides, P-Liquisomes proved to be non-toxic in-vivo and succeeded to show superior chemopreventive activity manifested by reduction of; % tumor growth (7.1%), VEGF levels (14.3 pg/g tissue), cyclin D1 levels 15.5 ng/g tissue and elevation in caspase-3 level (36.4 ng/g tissue), compared to Phytosomes and CN solution. Conclusively, P-Liquisomes succeded to achieve the maximum therapeutic outcome of CN without altering its activity and might be used as a sustained delivery system for other promising hydrophilic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Passent M E Gaafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Noha S El-Salamouni
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ragwa M Farid
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hazzah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maged W Helmy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ossama Y Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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7
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Li X, He M, Qiao S. Combining bioinformatics analysis and experiments to explore CARNS1 as a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1586. [PMID: 33533160 PMCID: PMC8077083 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a heterogeneous malignant disease, which has variation in clinical behaviors. High-throughput technologies have added important genetic alternative and biological change information for breast cancer. CARNS1 is an important ATPases. It can catalyze the synthesis of carnosine, which has antiproliferative activity in cancer. Here, we hypothesize that CARNS1 plays an essential role in the development of breast cancer. METHODS The expressions of CARNS1 in breast cancer were data-mined and analyzed from TCGA (the Cancer Genome Atlas) and GEO (the Gene Expression Omnibus) databases. The correlation of CARNS1 expression with clinical characteristics and the diagnostic capability of CARNS1 were assessed. Experimental studies were conducted in two cohorts (n = 60) of breast cancer patients by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS CARNS1 was significantly downregulated in breast cancer. The expression was correlated with tumor molecular and histological types, T and M stages, and vital status. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the downregulation of CARNS1 was significantly related to poor overall survival and relapse-free survival. Moreover, these scenarios have been extended to ER, PR, and HER2 positive patients. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that CARNS1 can be considered as an independent prognostic predictor for patients with breast cancer. Experimental data supported that the protein and mRNA levels of CARNS1 in breast cancer are indeed significantly downregulated. CONCLUSION Our findings have demonstrated that CARNS1 acts as a tumor suppressor gene and may be an independent prognostic indicator for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Departmnet of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shixing Qiao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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8
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Yee SW, Buitrago D, Stecula A, Ngo HX, Chien HC, Zou L, Koleske ML, Giacomini KM. Deorphaning a solute carrier 22 family member, SLC22A15, through functional genomic studies. FASEB J 2020; 34:15734-15752. [PMID: 33124720 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001497r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human solute carrier 22A (SLC22A) family consists of 23 members, representing one of the largest families in the human SLC superfamily. Despite their pharmacological and physiological importance in the absorption and disposition of a range of solutes, eight SLC22A family members remain classified as orphans. In this study, we used a multifaceted approach to identify ligands of orphan SLC22A15. Ligands of SLC22A15 were proposed based on phylogenetic analysis and comparative modeling. The putative ligands were then confirmed by metabolomic screening and uptake assays in SLC22A15 transfected HEK293 cells. Metabolomic studies and transporter assays revealed that SLC22A15 prefers zwitterionic compounds over cations and anions. We identified eight zwitterions, including ergothioneine, carnitine, carnosine, gabapentin, as well as four cations, including MPP+ , thiamine, and cimetidine, as substrates of SLC22A15. Carnosine was a specific substrate of SLC22A15 among the transporters in the SLC22A family. SLC22A15 transport of several substrates was sodium-dependent and exhibited a higher Km for ergothioneine, carnitine, and carnosine compared to previously identified transporters for these ligands. This is the first study to characterize the function of SLC22A15. Our studies demonstrate that SLC22A15 may play an important role in determining the systemic and tissue levels of ergothioneine, carnosine, and other zwitterions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Wah Yee
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dina Buitrago
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adrian Stecula
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Huy X Ngo
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Huan-Chieh Chien
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ling Zou
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Megan L Koleske
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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9
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Rezende NS, Swinton P, de Oliveira LF, da Silva RP, da Eira Silva V, Nemezio K, Yamaguchi G, Artioli GG, Gualano B, Saunders B, Dolan E. The Muscle Carnosine Response to Beta-Alanine Supplementation: A Systematic Review With Bayesian Individual and Aggregate Data E-Max Model and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:913. [PMID: 32922303 PMCID: PMC7456894 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-alanine (BA) supplementation increases muscle carnosine content (MCarn), and has many proven, and purported, ergogenic, and therapeutic benefits. Currently, many questions on the nature of the MCarn response to supplementation are open, and the response to these has considerable potential to enhance the efficacy and application of this supplementation strategy. To address these questions, we conducted a systematic review with Bayesian-based meta-analysis of all published aggregate data using a dose response (Emax) model. Meta-regression was used to consider the influence of potential moderators (including dose, sex, age, baseline MCarn, and analysis method used) on the primary outcome. The protocol was designed according to PRISMA guidelines and a three-step screening strategy was undertaken to identify studies that measured the MCarn response to BA supplementation. Additionally, we conducted an original analysis of all available individual data on the MCarn response to BA supplementation from studies conducted within our lab (n = 99). The Emax model indicated that human skeletal muscle has large capacity for non-linear MCarn accumulation, and that commonly used BA supplementation protocols may not come close to saturating muscle carnosine content. Neither baseline values, nor sex, appeared to influence subsequent response to supplementation. Analysis of individual data indicated that MCarn is relatively stable in the absence of intervention, and effectually all participants respond to BA supplementation (99.3% response [95%CrI: 96.2–100]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Saffioti Rezende
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul Swinton
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Luana Farias de Oliveira
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pires da Silva
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius da Eira Silva
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kleiner Nemezio
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Yamaguchi
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Giannini Artioli
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bryan Saunders
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eimear Dolan
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Cardioprotective effect of taurine and β-alanine against cardiac disease in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion-induced rats. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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11
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Gilardoni E, Baron G, Altomare A, Carini M, Aldini G, Regazzoni L. The Disposal of Reactive Carbonyl Species through Carnosine Conjugation: What We Know Now. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1726-1743. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190624094813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
:Reactive Carbonyl Species are electrophiles generated by the oxidative cleavage of lipids and sugars. Such compounds have been described as important molecules for cellular signaling, whilst their accumulation has been found to be cytotoxic as they may trigger aberrant modifications of proteins (a process often referred to as carbonylation).:A correlation between carbonylation of proteins and human disease progression has been shown in ageing, diabetes, obesity, chronic renal failure, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disease. However, the fate of reactive carbonyl species is still far from being understood, especially concerning the mechanisms responsible for their disposal as well as the importance of this in disease progression.:In this context, some data have been published on phase I and phase II deactivation of reactive carbonyl species. In the case of phase II mechanisms, the route involving glutathione conjugation and subsequent disposal of the adducts has been extensively studied both in vitro and in vivo for some of the more representative compounds, e.g. 4-hydroxynonenal.:There is also emerging evidence of an involvement of carnosine as an endogenous alternative to glutathione for phase II conjugation. However, the fate of carnosine conjugates is still poorly investigated and, unlike glutathione, there is little evidence of the formation of carnosine adducts in vivo. The acquisition of such data could be of importance for the development of new drugs, since carnosine and its derivatives have been proposed as potential therapeutic agents for the mitigation of carbonylation associated with disease progression.:Herein, we wish to review our current knowledge of the binding of reactive carbonyl species with carnosine together with the disposal of carnosine conjugates, emphasizing those aspects still requiring investigation such as conjugation reversibility and enzyme assisted catalysis of the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Gilardoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Baron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Altomare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Regazzoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
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12
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Farid RM, Gaafar PM, Hazzah HA, Helmy MW, Abdallah OY. Chemotherapeutic potential of L-carnosine from stimuli-responsive magnetic nanoparticles against breast cancer model. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:891-911. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: L-carnosine-coated magnetic nanoparticles (CCMNPs) were developed to enhance chemotherapeutic activity of carnosine-dipeptide. Materials & methods: Surface grafting of MNPs with carnosine was contended by differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. Physicochemical characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cell line was carried out. In vivo chemotherapeutic activity and toxicity was assessed by an Ehrlich Ascites tumor model. Results: CCMNPs possessed monodispersed size (120 nm), ζ (-27.3 mV), magnetization (51.52 emu/g) and entrapment efficiency (88.3%) with sustained release rate. CCMNPs showed 2.3-folds lower IC50 values compared with carnosine solution after 48 h. Targeted CCMNPs were specifically accumulated in tumor showing significant reduction in tumor size with no systemic toxicity. Significant reduction in VEGF and cyclin D1 levels were observed. Conclusion: The developed system endowed with responsiveness to an external stimulus can represent a promising magnetically targeted delivery system for carnosine site specific delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragwa M Farid
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Passent M E Gaafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hazzah
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maged W Helmy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ossama Y Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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13
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Oppermann H, Birkemeyer C, Meixensberger J, Gaunitz F. Non-enzymatic reaction of carnosine and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate accompanies metabolic changes of the pentose phosphate pathway. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12702. [PMID: 31628715 PMCID: PMC7046307 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) is a naturally occurring dipeptide that selectively inhibits cancer cell growth, possibly by influencing glucose metabolism. As its precise mode of action and its primary targets are unknown, we analysed carnosine's effect on metabolites and pathways in glioblastoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Glioblastoma cells, U87, T98G and LN229, were treated with carnosine, and metabolites were analysed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Furthermore, mitochondrial ATP production was determined by extracellular flux analysis and reaction products of carnosine were investigated using mass spectrometry. RESULTS Carnosine decreased the intracellular abundance of several metabolites indicating a reduced activity of the pentose phosphate pathway, the malate-aspartate shuttle and the glycerol phosphate shuttle. Mitochondrial respiration was reduced in U87 and T98G but not in LN229 cells, independent of whether glucose or pyruvate was used as substrate. Finally, we demonstrate non-enzymatic reaction of carnosine with dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. However, glycolytic flux from glucose to l-lactate appeared not to be affected by the reaction of carnosine with the metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Carnosine reacts non-enzymatically with glycolytic intermediates reducing the activity of the pentose phosphate pathway which is required for cell proliferation. Although the activity of the malate-aspartate and the glycerol phosphate shuttle appear to be affected, reduced mitochondrial ATP production under the influence of the dipeptide is cell-specific and appears to be independent of the effect on the shuttles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Oppermann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für NeurochirurgieUniversitätsklinikum Leipzig AöRLeipzigGermany
| | | | - Jürgen Meixensberger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für NeurochirurgieUniversitätsklinikum Leipzig AöRLeipzigGermany
| | - Frank Gaunitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für NeurochirurgieUniversitätsklinikum Leipzig AöRLeipzigGermany
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14
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Sung WC, Chiu ET, Sun A, Hsiao HI. Incorporation of chia seed flour into gluten‐free rice layer cake: Effects on nutritional quality and physicochemical properties. J Food Sci 2020; 85:545-555. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chieh Sung
- Dept. of Food Science National Taiwan Ocean Univ. Keelung Taiwan R.O.C
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans National Taiwan Ocean Univ. Keelung Taiwan R.O.C
| | - En Ting Chiu
- Dept. of Food Science National Taiwan Ocean Univ. Keelung Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Amber Sun
- Dept. of Food Science Univ. of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
| | - Hsin I Hsiao
- Dept. of Food Science National Taiwan Ocean Univ. Keelung Taiwan R.O.C
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15
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Dietterle J, Oppermann H, Glasow A, Neumann K, Meixensberger J, Gaunitz F. Carnosine increases efficiency of temozolomide and irradiation treatment of isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype glioblastoma cells in culture. Future Oncol 2019; 15:3683-3691. [PMID: 31664860 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The naturally occurring dipeptide carnosine (CAR) has been considered for glioblastoma therapy. As CAR also protects against ionizing irradiation (IR), we investigated whether it may counteract standard therapy consisting of postsurgery IR and treatment with temozolomide (TMZ). Materials & methods: Four isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype primary cell cultures were exposed to different doses of IR and different concentrations of TMZ and CAR. After exposure, viability under the different conditions and combinations of them was determined. Results: All cultures responded to treatment with TMZ and IR with reduced viability. CAR further decreased viability when TMZ and IR were combined. Conclusion: Treatment with CAR does not counteract glioblastoma standard therapy. As the dipeptide also protects nontumor cells from IR, it may reduce deleterious side effects of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Dietterle
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henry Oppermann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annegret Glasow
- Department of Radiooncology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Frank Gaunitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Ybarra N, Seuntjens J. Radio-selective effects of a natural occurring muscle-derived dipeptide in A549 and normal cell lines. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11513. [PMID: 31395939 PMCID: PMC6687720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) causes morbidity and long-term side effects. A challenge in RT is to maximize cancer cells killing while minimizing damage to normal tissue. The ideal radio-protector selectively improves survival and limits damage to normal tissues while reducing survival of cancer cells. Muscle-derived dipeptide, L-carnosine (CAR) is a potent antioxidant, with radio-protective, but also anticancer properties, affecting the cell cycle of cancer cells. We tested CAR effects in lung cancer cells, differentiated and undifferentiated normal cells. We hypothesized that CAR antioxidant properties will confer protection to the two normal cell lines against RT, while preventing lung cancer cell proliferation, and that CAR may act as a radiosensitizer of lung cancer cells due to its effects on cell-cycle progression of cancer cells. Under the experimental conditions reported here, we found that CAR increased radio-sensitivity of lung (A549) cancer cells by increasing the percentage of cells in G2/M (radiosensitive) phase of cell cycle, it negatively affected their bioenergetics, therefore reduced their viability, and DNA-double strand break repair capacity. CAR had either no effect or reduced RT-induced damage in normal cells, depending on the cell type. CAR is a versatile natural occurring compound, that could improve RT-induced lung cancer cells killing, while reducing the damage to normal differentiated and undifferentiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Ybarra
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute McGill University Health Center, Medical Physics Unit, Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Montreal, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Jan Seuntjens
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute McGill University Health Center, Medical Physics Unit, Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Montreal, H4A 3J1, Canada
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17
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Cheng JY, Yang JB, Liu Y, Xu M, Huang YY, Zhang JJ, Cao P, Lyu JX, Shen Y. Profiling and targeting of cellular mitochondrial bioenergetics: inhibition of human gastric cancer cell growth by carnosine. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:938-948. [PMID: 30560903 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a naturally occurring dipeptide distributed in various organs of mammalians. We previously showed that carnosine inhibited proliferation of human gastric cancer cells through targeting both mitochondrial bioenergetics and glycolysis pathway. But the mechanism underlying carnosine action on mitochondrial bioenergetics of tumor cells remains unclear. In the current study we investigated the effect of carnosine on the growth of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells in vitro and in vivo. We firstly showed that hydrolysis of carnosine was not a prerequisite for its anti-gastric cancer effect. Treatment of SGC-7901 cells with carnosine (20 mmol/L) significantly decreased the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I-IV and mitochondrial ATP production, and downregulated 13 proteins involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics. Furthermore, carnosine treatment significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt, while inhibition of Akt activation with GSK690693 significantly reduced the localization of prohibitin-1 (PHB-1) in the mitochondria of SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells. In addition, we showed that silencing of PHB-1 gene with shRNA markedly reduced the mitochondrial PHB-1 in SGC-7901 cells, and significantly decreased the colony formation capacity and growth rate of the cells. In SGC-7901 cell xenograft nude mice, administration of carnosine (250 mg kg/d, ip, for 3 weeks) significantly inhibited the tumor growth and decreased the expression of mitochondrial PHB-1 in tumor tissue. Taken together, these results suggest that carnosine may act on multiple mitochondrial proteins to down-regulate mitochondrial bioenergetics and then to inhibit the growth and proliferation of SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells.
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18
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Oppermann H, Faust H, Yamanishi U, Meixensberger J, Gaunitz F. Carnosine inhibits glioblastoma growth independent from PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218972. [PMID: 31247000 PMCID: PMC6597087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a high-grade glioma with poor prognosis even after surgery and standard therapy. Here, we asked whether carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine), a naturally occurring dipeptide, exert its anti-neoplastic effect on glioblastoma cells via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Therefore, glioblastoma cells from the lines U87 and T98G were exposed to carnosine, to the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and to the PI3K inhibitor Ly-294,002. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK4) expression, known to be a target of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and which is also affected by carnosine, was analyzed by RT-qPCR, and reporter gene assays with the human PDK4 promoter were performed. Cell viability was assessed by cell-based assays and mTOR and Akt phosphorylation by Western blotting. Rapamycin and Ly-294,002 increased PDK4 mRNA expression in both cell lines but significance was only reached in U87. Carnosine significantly increased expression in both lines. A significant combinatorial effect of carnosine was only detected in U87 when the dipeptide was combined with Ly-294,002. Reporter gene assays revealed no specific effect of carnosine on the human PDK4 promoter, whereas both inhibitors increased reporter gene expression. Rapamycin reduced phosphorylation of mTOR, and Ly-294,002 that of Akt. A significant reduction of Akt phosphorylation was observed in the presence of carnosine in U87 but not in T98G, and carnosine had no effect on mTOR phosphorylation. Cell viability as determined by ATP in cell lysates was reduced only in the presence of carnosine. We conclude that carnosine’s anti-neoplastic effect is independent from PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. As the dipeptide reduced viability in tumor cells that do not respond to PI3K or mTOR inhibitors, it appears to be worth to further investigate the mechanisms by which carnosine exerts its anti-tumor effect and to consider it for therapy, especially as it is a naturally occurring compound that has already been used for the treatment of other diseases without indication of side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Oppermann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Helene Faust
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Yamanishi
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Meixensberger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Gaunitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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19
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Oppermann H, Heinrich M, Birkemeyer C, Meixensberger J, Gaunitz F. The proton-coupled oligopeptide transporters PEPT2, PHT1 and PHT2 mediate the uptake of carnosine in glioblastoma cells. Amino Acids 2019; 51:999-1008. [PMID: 31073693 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02739-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The previous studies demonstrated that carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) inhibits the growth of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Considering carnosine for the treatment of glioblastoma, we investigated which proton-coupled oligopeptide transporters (POTs) are present in glioblastoma cells and how they contribute to the uptake of carnosine. Therefore, mRNA expression of the four known POTs (PEPT1, PEPT2, PHT1, and PHT2) was examined in three glioblastoma cell lines, ten primary tumor cell cultures, in freshly isolated tumor tissue and in healthy brain. Using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, the uptake of carnosine was investigated in the presence of competitive inhibitors and after siRNA-mediated knockdown of POTs. Whereas PEPT1 mRNA was not detected in any sample, expression of the three other transporters was significantly increased in tumor tissue compared to healthy brain. In cell culture, PHT1 expression was comparable to expression in tumor tissue, PHT2 exhibited a slightly reduced expression, and PEPT2 expression was reduced to normal brain tissue levels. In the cell line LN405, the competitive inhibitors β-alanyl-L-alanine (inhibits all transporters) and L-histidine (inhibitor of PHT1/2) both inhibited the uptake of carnosine. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of PHT1 and PHT2 revealed a significantly reduced uptake of carnosine. Interestingly, despite its low expression at the level of mRNA, knockdown of PEPT2 also resulted in decreased uptake. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the transporters PEPT2, PHT1, and PHT2 are responsible for the uptake of carnosine into glioblastoma cells and full function of all three transporters is required for maximum uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Oppermann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Forschungslabore, Liebigstraße 19, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcus Heinrich
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Forschungslabore, Liebigstraße 19, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Birkemeyer
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Meixensberger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Forschungslabore, Liebigstraße 19, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Gaunitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Forschungslabore, Liebigstraße 19, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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20
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Dolan E, Swinton PA, Painelli VDS, Stephens Hemingway B, Mazzolani B, Infante Smaira F, Saunders B, Artioli GG, Gualano B. A Systematic Risk Assessment and Meta-Analysis on the Use of Oral β-Alanine Supplementation. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:452-463. [PMID: 30980076 PMCID: PMC6520041 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Alanine supplementation is one of the world's most commonly used sports supplements, and its use as a nutritional strategy in other populations is ever-increasing, due to evidence of pleiotropic ergogenic and therapeutic benefits. Despite its widespread use, there is only limited understanding of potential adverse effects. To address this, a systematic risk assessment and meta-analysis was undertaken. Four databases were searched using keywords and Medical Subject Headings. All human and animal studies that investigated an isolated, oral, β-alanine supplementation strategy were included. Data were extracted according to 5 main outcomes, including 1) side effects reported during longitudinal trials, 2) side effects reported during acute trials, 3) effect of supplementation on circulating health-related biomarkers, 4) effect of supplementation on skeletal muscle taurine and histidine concentration, and 5) outcomes from animal trials. Quality of evidence for outcomes was ascertained using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework, and all quantitative data were meta-analyzed using multilevel models grounded in Bayesian principles. In total, 101 human and 50 animal studies were included. Paraesthesia was the only reported side effect and had an estimated OR of 8.9 [95% credible interval (CrI): 2.2, 32.6] with supplementation relative to placebo. Participants in active treatment groups experienced similar dropout rates to those receiving the placebo treatment. β-Alanine supplementation caused a small increase in circulating alanine aminotransferase concentration (effect size, ES: 0.274, CrI: 0.04, 0.527), although mean data remained well within clinical reference ranges. Meta-analysis of human data showed no main effect of β-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle taurine (ES: 0.156; 95% CrI: -0.38, 0.72) or histidine (ES: -0.15; 95% CrI: -0.64, 0.33) concentration. A main effect of β-alanine supplementation on taurine concentration was reported for murine models, but only when the daily dose was ≥3% β-alanine in drinking water. The results of this review indicate that β-alanine supplementation within the doses used in the available research designs, does not adversely affect those consuming it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimear Dolan
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul A Swinton
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Vitor de Salles Painelli
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Mazzolani
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Infante Smaira
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bryan Saunders
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme G Artioli
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Carnosine’s inhibitory effect on glioblastoma cell growth is independent of its cleavage. Amino Acids 2019; 51:761-772. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Goradel NH, Mohajel N, Malekshahi ZV, Jahangiri S, Najafi M, Farhood B, Mortezaee K, Negahdari B, Arashkia A. Oncolytic adenovirus: A tool for cancer therapy in combination with other therapeutic approaches. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8636-8646. [PMID: 30515798 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapy using oncolytic viruses is an emerging area, in which viruses are engineered to selectively propagate in tumor tissues without affecting healthy cells. Because of the advantages that adenoviruses (Ads) have over other viruses, they are more considered. To achieve tumor selectivity, two main modifications on Ads genome have been applied: small deletions and insertion of tissue- or tumor-specific promoters. Despite oncolytic adenoviruses ability in tumor cell lysis and immune responses stimulation, to further increase their antitumor effects, genomic modifications have been carried out including insertion of checkpoint inhibitors and antigenic or immunostimulatory molecules into the adenovirus genome and combination with dendritic cells and chemotherapeutic agents. This study reviews oncolytic adenoviruses structures, their antitumor efficacy in combination with other therapeutic strategies, and finally challenges around this treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Hashemi Goradel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasir Mohajel
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ziba Veisi Malekshahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Jahangiri
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Dolan E, Saunders B, Dantas WS, Murai IH, Roschel H, Artioli GG, Harris R, Bicudo JEPW, Sale C, Gualano B. A Comparative Study of Hummingbirds and Chickens Provides Mechanistic Insight on the Histidine Containing Dipeptide Role in Skeletal Muscle Metabolism. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14788. [PMID: 30283073 PMCID: PMC6170442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Histidine containing dipeptides (HCDs) have numerous ergogenic and therapeutic properties, but their primary role in skeletal muscle remains unclear. Potential functions include pH regulation, protection against reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, or Ca2+ regulation. In recognition of the challenge of isolating physiological processes in-vivo, we employed a comparative physiology approach to investigate the primary mechanism of HCD action in skeletal muscle. We selected two avian species (i.e., hummingbirds and chickens), who represented the extremes of the physiological processes in which HCDs are likely to function. Our findings indicate that HCDs are non-essential to the development of highly oxidative and contractile muscle, given their very low content in hummingbird skeletal tissue. In contrast, their abundance in the glycolytic chicken muscle, indicate that they are important in anaerobic bioenergetics as pH regulators. This evidence provides new insights on the HCD role in skeletal muscle, which could inform widespread interventions, from health to elite performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dolan
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - B Saunders
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - W S Dantas
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - I H Murai
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - H Roschel
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - G G Artioli
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - R Harris
- Junipa Ltd; Newmarket, Suffolk, United Kingdom
| | - J E P W Bicudo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - C Sale
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre; Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group; School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - B Gualano
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Giannini Artioli
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Craig Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rebecca Louise Jones
- School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
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Oppermann H, Schnabel L, Meixensberger J, Gaunitz F. Pyruvate attenuates the anti-neoplastic effect of carnosine independently from oxidative phosphorylation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85848-85860. [PMID: 27811375 PMCID: PMC5349879 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we analyzed whether the anti-neoplastic effect of carnosine, which inhibits glycolytic ATP production, can be antagonized by ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation fueled by pyruvate. Therefore, glioblastoma cells were cultivated in medium supplemented with glucose, galactose or pyruvate and in the presence or absence of carnosine. CPI-613 was employed to inhibit the entry of pyruvate into the tricarboxylic acid cycle and 2,4-dinitrophenol to inhibit oxidative phosphorylation. Energy metabolism and viability were assessed by cell based assays and histochemistry.ATP in cell lysates and dehydrogenase activity in living cells revealed a strong reduction of viability under the influence of carnosine when cells received glucose or galactose but not in the presence of pyruvate. CPI-613 and 2,4-dinitrophenol reduced viability of cells cultivated in pyruvate, but no effect was seen in the presence of glucose. No effect of carnosine on viability was observed in the presence of glucose and pyruvate even in the presence of 2,4-dinitrophenol or CPI-613.In conclusion, glioblastoma cells produce ATP from pyruvate via the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation in the absence of a glycolytic substrate. In addition, pyruvate attenuates the anti-neoplastic effect of carnosine, even when ATP production via tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation is blocked. We also observed an inhibitory effect of carnosine on the tricarboxylic acid cycle and a stimulating effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol on glycolytic ATP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Oppermann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lutz Schnabel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Meixensberger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Gaunitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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β-Alanine mediated inhibition of PTHR1suppresses the proliferation, invasion and tumorigenesis in metastatic human osteosarcoma U2OS cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:1255-1263. [PMID: 29366883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of β-alanine mediated inhibition of parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTHR1), suppresses the proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenesis in metastatic human osteosarcoma U2OS cells. Cell survival rate was reduced 96.54, 91.23, 84.62, 76.42 and 69.72% following incubation of β-alanine at 50-250 mM respectively. Annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) staining showed a reduced level of viable cells (71.37%) at 250 mM of β-alanine. U2OS cell proliferation, adhesion, invasion, and migration were decreased following incubation with β-alanine. Matrix metalloproteinases-2/9 (MMP-2/9) mRNA expression was reduced, whereas tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1/2 (TIMP-1/2) mRNA expression was increased remarkably. The mRNA and protein of PTHR1 were reduced in the cells following incubation with β-alanine. Vacuole membrane protein 1 (Vmp1) mRNA and protein were increased in the cells following incubation with β-alanine. In tunel assay, the number of PTHR1 positive cells was 67, 34 and 17 following incubation with β-alanine at 150, 200 and 250 mM respectively. Taking all these data together, it is concluded that β-alanine mediated inhibition of PTHR1 reduced the U2OS cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the results indicated that the β-alanine induced expression of PTHR1 has a positive relationship with invasion and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells.
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Pandurangan M, Enkhtaivan G, Mistry B, Patel RV, Moon S, Kim DH. β-Alanine intercede metabolic recovery for amelioration of human cervical and renal tumors. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1373-1380. [PMID: 28516269 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
β-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid and presents as a major component of various sports supplements. It is a non-proteogenic amino acid, formed in vivo by degradation of carnosine, anserine, balenine, and dihydrouracil. The present study was aimed at investigating the anti-tumor effects of β-alanine in renal and cervical tumor cells. Sulforhodamine-B assay and flow cytometric analysis were used to measure cell viability. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) expression was analyzed using FITC-conjugated fluorescent antibody. The cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content was measured using bioluminescence method. Cell migration was determined by the simple standard-scratch method. β-Alanine reduced renal and cervical cell growth significantly. Percentage of inhibition of renal and cervical tumor cells was increased at higher concentration of β-alanine. LDH expression and ATP content were significantly reduced in renal and cervical tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner. Renal and cervical tumor cell migration were significantly reduced following 10 and 100 mM of β-alanine treatment. In our study, β-alanine exerts no significant effect on normal MDCK cells except a marginal effect at the highest concentration (100 mM). In summary, our experimental data suggest that β-alanine may be a potential anti-tumor agent exhibiting several anti-cancer effects in renal and cervical tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gansukh Enkhtaivan
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bhupendra Mistry
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 410-820, South Korea
| | - Rahul V Patel
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 410-820, South Korea
| | - Sohyun Moon
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University, Biomedical Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyenggi-do, South Korea
| | - Doo Hwan Kim
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Carbon nanotube as a carrier in drug delivery system for carnosine dipeptide: A computer simulation study. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 73:173-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bao Y, Ding S, Cheng J, Liu Y, Wang B, Xu H, Shen Y, Lyu J. Carnosine Inhibits the Proliferation of Human Cervical Gland Carcinoma Cells Through Inhibiting Both Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Glycolysis Pathways and Retarding Cell Cycle Progression. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 17:80-91. [PMID: 28008780 PMCID: PMC5950946 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416684551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosine has been demonstrated to play an antitumorigenic role in certain types
of cancer. However, its underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, the
roles of carnosine in cell proliferation and its underlying mechanism were
investigated in the cultured human cervical gland carcinoma cells HeLa and
cervical squamous carcinoma cells SiHa. The results showed that carnosine
exerted a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HeLa cells,
whereas its inhibitory action on the proliferation of SiHa cells was much
weaker. Carnosine decreased the ATP content through inhibiting both
mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis pathways in cultured HeLa cells but not
SiHa cells. Carnosine reduced the activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase and
malate dehydrogenase in TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle and the activities of
mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I, II, III, and IV in HeLa cells
but not SiHa cells. Carnosine also decreased the mRNA and protein expression
levels of ClpP, which plays a key role in maintaining the mitochondrial function
in HeLa cells. In addition, carnosine induced G1 arrest by inhibiting the G1-S
phase transition in both HeLa and SiHa cells. Taken together, these findings
suggest that carnosine has a strong inhibitory action on the proliferation of
human cervical gland carcinoma cells rather than cervical squamous carcinoma
cells. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and glycolysis pathways and cell cycle may be
involved in the carnosine action on the cell proliferation in cultured human
cervical gland carcinoma cells HeLa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bao
- 1 Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China.,2 Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Saidan Ding
- 3 The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jiaoyan Cheng
- 1 Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- 1 Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Bingyu Wang
- 1 Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Xu
- 1 Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Yao Shen
- 1 Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- 1 Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China
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Shafi O. Inverse relationship between Alzheimer's disease and cancer, and other factors contributing to Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review. BMC Neurol 2016; 16:236. [PMID: 27875990 PMCID: PMC5120447 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-016-0765-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The AD etiology is yet not properly known. Interactions among environmental factors, multiple susceptibility genes and aging, contribute to AD. This study investigates the factors that play role in causing AD and how changes in cellular pathways contribute to AD. Methods PUBMED database, MEDLINE database and Google Scholar were searched with no date restrictions for published articles involving cellular pathways with roles in cancers, cell survival, growth, proliferation, development, aging, and also contributing to Alzheimer’s disease. This research explores inverse relationship between AD and cancer, also investigates other factors behind AD using several already published research literature to find the etiology of AD. Results Cancer and Alzheimer’s disease have inverse relationship in many aspects such as P53, estrogen, neurotrophins and growth factors, growth and proliferation, cAMP, EGFR, Bcl-2, apoptosis pathways, IGF-1, HSV, TDP-43, APOE variants, notch signals and presenilins, NCAM, TNF alpha, PI3K/AKT/MTOR pathway, telomerase, ROS, ACE levels. AD occurs when brain neurons have weakened growth, cell survival responses, maintenance mechanisms, weakened anti-stress responses such as Vimentin, Carbonic anhydrases, HSPs, SAPK. In cancer, these responses are upregulated and maintained. Evolutionarily conserved responses and maintenance mechanisms such as FOXO are impaired in AD. Countermeasures or compensatory mechanisms by AD affected neurons such as Tau, Beta Amyloid, S100, are last attempts for survival which may be protective for certain time, or can speed up AD in Alzheimer’s microenvironment via C-ABL activation, GSK3, neuro-inflammation. Conclusions Alzheimer’s disease and Cancer have inverse relationship; many factors that are upregulated in any cancer to sustain growth and survival are downregulated in Alzheimer’s disease contributing to neuro-degeneration. When aged neurons or genetically susceptible neurons have weakened growth, cell survival and anti-stress responses, age related gene expression changes, altered regulation of cell death and maintenance mechanisms, they contribute to Alzheimer’s disease. Countermeasures by AD neurons such as Beta Amyloid Plaques, NFTs, S100, are last attempts for survival and this provides neuroprotection for certain time and ultimately may become pathological and speed up AD. This study may contribute in developing new potential diagnostic tests, interventions and treatments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12883-016-0765-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovais Shafi
- Sindh Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Garofalo M, Iovine B, Kuryk L, Capasso C, Hirvinen M, Vitale A, Yliperttula M, Bevilacqua MA, Cerullo V. Oncolytic Adenovirus Loaded with L-carnosine as Novel Strategy to Enhance the Antitumor Activity. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:651-60. [PMID: 26861248 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are able to specifically replicate, infect, and kill only cancer cells. Their combination with chemotherapeutic drugs has shown promising results due to the synergistic action of virus and drugs; the combinatorial therapy is considered a potential clinically relevant approach for cancer. In this study, we optimized a strategy to absorb peptides on the viral capsid, based on electrostatic interaction, and used this strategy to deliver an active antitumor drug. We used L-carnosine, a naturally occurring histidine dipeptide with a significant antiproliferative activity. An ad hoc modified, positively charged L-carnosine was combined with the capsid of an oncolytic adenovirus to generate an electrostatic virus-carnosine complex. This complex showed enhanced antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo in different tumor models. In HCT-116 colorectal and A549 lung cancer cell lines, the complex showed higher transduction ratio and infectious titer compared with an uncoated oncolytic adenovirus. The in vivo efficacy of the complex was tested in lung and colon cancer xenograft models, showing a significant reduction in tumor growth. Importantly, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of complex on tumor growth reduction. We found that complex induces apoptosis in both cell lines, by using two different mechanisms, enhancing viral replication and affecting the expression of Hsp27. Our system could be used in future studies also for delivery of other bioactive drugs. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(4); 651-60. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Garofalo
- Laboratory of ImmunoViroTherapy, Centre for Drug Research (CDR), Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Iovine
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Lukasz Kuryk
- Laboratory of ImmunoViroTherapy, Centre for Drug Research (CDR), Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Oncos Therapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland. Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cristian Capasso
- Laboratory of ImmunoViroTherapy, Centre for Drug Research (CDR), Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Hirvinen
- Laboratory of ImmunoViroTherapy, Centre for Drug Research (CDR), Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrea Vitale
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness (DiSMEB), University of Naples Parthenope and CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Marjo Yliperttula
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Centre for Drug Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Assunta Bevilacqua
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Laboratory of ImmunoViroTherapy, Centre for Drug Research (CDR), Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Accardo A, Del Zoppo L, Morelli G, Condorelli DF, Barresi V, Musso N, Spampinato G, Bellia F, Tabbì G, Rizzarelli E. Liposome antibody–ionophore conjugate antiproliferative activity increases by cellular metallostasis alteration. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00461j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carnosine derivative containing liposomes functionalized with the Fab' fragment of Trastuzumab were synthesized.
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33
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Bodet O, Goerke S, Behl NGR, Roeloffs V, Zaiss M, Bachert P. Amide proton transfer of carnosine in aqueous solution studied in vitro by WEX and CEST experiments. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:1097-1103. [PMID: 26179313 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Amide protons of peptide bonds induce an important chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) contrast in vivo. As a simple in vitro model for a peptide amide proton CEST effect, we suggest herein the dipeptide carnosine. We show that the metabolite carnosine creates a CEST effect and we study the properties of the exchange of the amide proton (-NH) of the carnosine peptide bond (NHCPB) in model solutions for a pH range from 6 to 8.3 and a temperature range from T = 5 °C to 43 °C by means of CEST and water exchange spectroscopy (WEX) experiments on a 3 T whole-body MR tomograph. The dependence of the NHCPB chemical exchange rate k(sw) on pH and temperature T was determined using WEX. For physiological conditions (T = 37 °C, pH = 7.10) we obtained k(sw) = (47.07 ± 7.90)/s. With similar chemical shift and exchange properties to amide protons in vivo, carnosine forms a simple model system for optimization of CEST pulse sequences in vitro. The potential for direct detection of the metabolite carnosine in vivo is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bodet
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas G R Behl
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volkert Roeloffs
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
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Arner P, Henjes F, Schwenk JM, Darmanis S, Dahlman I, Iresjö BM, Naredi P, Agustsson T, Lundholm K, Nilsson P, Rydén M. Circulating carnosine dipeptidase 1 associates with weight loss and poor prognosis in gastrointestinal cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123566. [PMID: 25898255 PMCID: PMC4405487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia (CC) is linked to poor prognosis. Although the mechanisms promoting this condition are not known, several circulating proteins have been proposed to contribute. We analyzed the plasma proteome in cancer subjects in order to identify factors associated with cachexia. DESIGN/SUBJECTS Plasma was obtained from a screening cohort of 59 patients, newly diagnosed with suspected gastrointestinal cancer, with (n = 32) or without (n = 27) cachexia. Samples were subjected to proteomic profiling using 760 antibodies (targeting 698 individual proteins) from the Human Protein Atlas project. The main findings were validated in a cohort of 93 patients with verified and advanced pancreas cancer. RESULTS Only six proteins displayed differential plasma levels in the screening cohort. Among these, Carnosine Dipeptidase 1 (CNDP1) was confirmed by sandwich immunoassay to be lower in CC (p = 0.008). In both cohorts, low CNDP1 levels were associated with markers of poor prognosis including weight loss, malnutrition, lipid breakdown, low circulating albumin/IGF1 levels and poor quality of life. Eleven of the subjects in the discovery cohort were finally diagnosed with non-malignant disease but omitting these subjects from the analyses did not have any major influence on the results. CONCLUSIONS In gastrointestinal cancer, reduced plasma levels of CNDP1 associate with signs of catabolism and poor outcome. These results, together with recently published data demonstrating lower circulating CNDP1 in subjects with glioblastoma and metastatic prostate cancer, suggest that CNDP1 may constitute a marker of aggressive cancer and CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frauke Henjes
- Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Box 1031, 171 21, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jochen M. Schwenk
- Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Box 1031, 171 21, Solna, Sweden
| | - Spyros Darmanis
- Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Box 1031, 171 21, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Iresjö
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Naredi
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thorhallur Agustsson
- Division of Surgery, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Södersjukhuset, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kent Lundholm
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Box 1031, 171 21, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Azim SAA, Darwish HA, Rizk MZ, Ali SA, Kadry MO. Amelioration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles-induced liver injury in mice: possible role of some antioxidants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:305-14. [PMID: 25739888 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the efficacy of idebenone, carnosine and vitamin E in ameliorating some of the biochemical indices induced in the liver of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) intoxicated mice. Nano-anatase TiO2 (21 nm) was administered (150 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks followed by the aforementioned antioxidants either alone or in combination for 1 month. TiO2 NPs significantly increased serum liver function enzyme activities, liver coefficient and malondialdehyde levels in hepatic tissue. They also suppressed hepatic glutathione level and triggered an inflammatory response via the activation of macrophages and the enhancement of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels. Moreover, the mRNA expression of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2, nuclear factor kappa B and Bax was up-regulated whereas that of Bcl-2 was down-regulated following TiO2 NPs. Additionally, these NPs effectively activated caspase-3 and caused liver DNA damage. Oral administration of idebenone (200mg/kg), carnosine (200mg/kg) and vitamin E (100mg/kg) alleviated the hazards of TiO2 NPs with the combination regimen showing a relatively higher effect. The histopathological examination reinforced these findings. In conclusion, oxidative stress could be regarded as a key player in TiO2 NPs-induced liver injury. The study also highlights the anti-inflammatory and the anti-apoptotic potentials of these antioxidants against the detrimental effects of TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy A Abdel Azim
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - Maha Z Rizk
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Gizza, Egypt.
| | - Sanaa A Ali
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Gizza, Egypt.
| | - Mai O Kadry
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Gizza, Egypt.
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Rybakova YS, Kalen AL, Eckers JC, Fedorova TN, Goswami PC, Sarsour EH. Increased manganese superoxide dismutase and cyclin B1 expression in carnosine-induced inhibition of glioblastoma cell proliferation. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750815010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Ritacco I, Moustafa EM, Sicilia E, Russo N, Shoeib T. Fragmentation pathways analysis for the gas phase dissociation of protonated carnosine-oxaliplatin complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:4455-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02217c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments on the protonated carnosine-oxaliplatin complex were shown to yield nine different fragment ions. Density functional calculations were employed to probe the fragmentation mechanisms that account for all experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Ritacco
- Dipartimento di Chimica UniVersita della Calabria
- Via P. Bucci
- cubo 14c
- 87036 Arca Vacata di Rende (CS)
- Centro di Calcolo ad Alte Prestazioni per Elaborazioni Parallele e Distribuite - Centro d'Eccellenza MIUR
| | - Eslam M. Moustafa
- Department of Chemistry
- The American University in Cairo
- New Cairo 11835
- Egypt
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Dipartimento di Chimica UniVersita della Calabria
- Via P. Bucci
- cubo 14c
- 87036 Arca Vacata di Rende (CS)
- Centro di Calcolo ad Alte Prestazioni per Elaborazioni Parallele e Distribuite - Centro d'Eccellenza MIUR
| | - Nino Russo
- Dipartimento di Chimica UniVersita della Calabria
- Via P. Bucci
- cubo 14c
- 87036 Arca Vacata di Rende (CS)
- Centro di Calcolo ad Alte Prestazioni per Elaborazioni Parallele e Distribuite - Centro d'Eccellenza MIUR
| | - Tamer Shoeib
- Department of Chemistry
- The American University in Cairo
- New Cairo 11835
- Egypt
- Centre for Analytical Science
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Cheng KK, Akasaki Y, Lecommandeur E, Lindsay RT, Murfitt S, Walsh K, Griffin JL. Metabolomic analysis of akt1-mediated muscle hypertrophy in models of diet-induced obesity and age-related fat accumulation. J Proteome Res 2014; 14:342-52. [PMID: 25231380 PMCID: PMC4286153 DOI: 10.1021/pr500756u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Akt1
is a serine/threonine kinase that promotes cell growth and
survival. Previously, Akt1 activation in a double transgenic (DTG)
mouse model fed a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet was found to
promote type IIb muscle growth and to lead to a significant reduction
in obesity. Here, we have used metabolomics to examine the metabolic
perturbations in blood serum and liver and gastrocnemius tissues of
the DTG mice. Multivariate statistics highlighted consistent metabolic
changes in gastrocnemius muscle following Akt1 activation, which included
significant reductions of serine and histidine-containing dipeptides
(anserine and carnosine), in addition to increased concentrations
of phosphorylated sugars. In addition, Akt1-mediated regression in
obesity could be associated with increased glycolysis in gastrocnemius
muscle as well as increased gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and ketogenesis
in the liver. In old DTG animals, Akt1 activation was found to improve
glucose metabolism and confer a beneficial effect in the regression
of age-related fat accumulation. This study identifies metabolic changes
induced by Akt1-mediated muscle growth and demonstrates a cross-talk
between distant organs that leads to a regression of fat mass. The
current findings indicate that agents that promote Akt1 induction
in muscle have utility in the regression of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian-Kai Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
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Carnosine complexes and binding energies to some biologically relevant metals and platinum containing anticancer drugs. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Shen Y, Yang J, Li J, Shi X, Ouyang L, Tian Y, Lu J. Carnosine inhibits the proliferation of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells through both of the mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis pathways. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104632. [PMID: 25115854 PMCID: PMC4130552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosine, a naturally occurring dipeptide, has been recently demonstrated to possess anti-tumor activity. However, its underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of carnosine on the cell viability and proliferation of the cultured human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. Carnosine treatment did not induce cell apoptosis or necrosis, but reduced the proliferative capacity of SGC-7901 cells. Seahorse analysis showed SGC-7901 cells cultured with pyruvate have active mitochondria, and depend on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation more than glycolysis pathway for generation of ATP. Carnosine markedly decreased the absolute value of mitochondrial ATP-linked respiration, and reduced the maximal oxygen consumption and spare respiratory capacity, which may reduce mitochondrial function correlated with proliferative potential. Simultaneously, carnosine also reduced the extracellular acidification rate and glycolysis of SGC-7901 cells. Our results suggested that carnosine is a potential regulator of energy metabolism of SGC-7901 cells both in the anaerobic and aerobic pathways, and provided a clue for preclinical and clinical evaluation of carnosine for gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YS); (JXL)
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yueyang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YS); (JXL)
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Ditte Z, Ditte P, Labudova M, Simko V, Iuliano F, Zatovicova M, Csaderova L, Pastorekova S, Pastorek J. Carnosine inhibits carbonic anhydrase IX-mediated extracellular acidosis and suppresses growth of HeLa tumor xenografts. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:358. [PMID: 24886661 PMCID: PMC4061103 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a transmembrane enzyme that is present in many types of solid tumors. Expression of CA IX is driven predominantly by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway and helps to maintain intracellular pH homeostasis under hypoxic conditions, resulting in acidification of the tumor microenvironment. Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is an anti-tumorigenic agent that inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the role of CA IX in carnosine-mediated antitumor activity and whether the underlying mechanism involves transcriptional and translational modulation of HIF-1α and CA IX and/or altered CA IX function. METHODS The effect of carnosine was studied using two-dimensional cell monolayers of several cell lines with endogenous CA IX expression as well as Madin Darby canine kidney transfectants, three-dimensional HeLa spheroids, and an in vivo model of HeLa xenografts in nude mice. mRNA and protein expression and protein localization were analyzed by real-time PCR, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Cell viability was measured by a flow cytometric assay. Expression of HIF-1α and CA IX in tumors was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Real-time measurement of pH was performed using a sensor dish reader. Binding of CA IX to specific antibodies and metabolon partners was investigated by competitive ELISA and proximity ligation assays, respectively. RESULTS Carnosine increased the expression levels of HIF-1α and HIF targets and increased the extracellular pH, suggesting an inhibitory effect on CA IX-mediated acidosis. Moreover, carnosine significantly inhibited the growth of three-dimensional spheroids and tumor xenografts compared with untreated controls. Competitive ELISA showed that carnosine disrupted binding between CA IX and antibodies specific for its catalytic domain. This finding was supported by reduced formation of the functional metabolon of CA IX and anion exchanger 2 in the presence of carnosine. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that interaction of carnosine with CA IX leads to conformational changes of CA IX and impaired formation of its metabolon, which in turn disrupts CA IX function. These findings suggest that carnosine could be a promising anticancer drug through its ability to attenuate the activity of CA IX.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jaromir Pastorek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 05, Slovak Republic.
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Xue C, Zhang Z, Yu H, Yu M, Yuan K, Yang T, Miao M, Shi H. Up-regulation of CNDP2 facilitates the proliferation of colon cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:96. [PMID: 24885395 PMCID: PMC4035726 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-14-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytosolic nonspecific dipetidase (CN2) belongs to the family of M20 metallopeptidases. It was stated in previous articles that higher expression levels of CN2 were observed in renal cell carcinoma and breast cancer. Our study explored the correlation between CN2 and colon carcinogenesis. METHODS We analysed the relationship between 183 patients clinicopathological characteristics and its CN2 expression. To detect the levels of CN2 in colon cancer cell lines and colon cancer tissues by western blot. To verify cell proliferation in colon cancer cells with knockdown of CNDP2 and explore the causes of these phenomena. RESULTS The expression levels of CN2 in clinical colon tumors and colon cancer cell lines were significantly higher than that in normal colon mucosa and colon cell lines. The difference in CN2 levels was associated with tumor location (right- and left-sided colon cancer), but there was no significant association with age, gender, tumor size, tumor grade, tumor stage or serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Knockdown of CNDP2 inhibited cell proliferation, blocked cell cycle progression and retarded carcinogenesis in an animal model. The signaling pathway through which knockdown of CNDP2 inhibited cell proliferation and tumorigenesis involved in EGFR, cyclin B1 and cyclin E. CONCLUSIONS Knockdown of CNDP2 can inhibit the proliferation of colon cancer in vitro and retarded carcinogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mingyong Miao
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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Zhang Z, Miao L, Wu X, Liu G, Peng Y, Xin X, Jiao B, Kong X. Carnosine Inhibits the Proliferation of Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells by Retarding Akt/mTOR/p70S6K Signaling. J Cancer 2014; 5:382-9. [PMID: 24799956 PMCID: PMC4007526 DOI: 10.7150/jca.8024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine), described as an enigmatic peptide for its antioxidant, anti-aging and especially antiproliferation properties, has been demonstrated to play an anti-tumorigenic role in certain types of cancer. However, its function in human gastric carcinoma remains unclear. In this study, the effect of carnosine on cell proliferation and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in the cultured human gastric carcinoma cells. The mTOR signaling axis molecules were analyzed in carnosine treated cells. The results showed that treatment with carnosine led to proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, apoptosis increase, and inhibition of mTOR signaling activation by decreasing the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR and p70S6K, suggesting that proliferation inhibition of carnosine in human gastric carcinoma was through the inhibition of Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway, and carnosine would be a mimic of rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Zhang
- 1. Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Center of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 458 Hospital, Guangzhou, China ; 3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Miao
- 2. Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wu
- 1. Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Center of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 458 Hospital, Guangzhou, China ; 4. Institute of Life Science and Bio-pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangze Liu
- 1. Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Center of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 458 Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Peng
- 1. Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Center of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 458 Hospital, Guangzhou, China ; 4. Institute of Life Science and Bio-pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoming Xin
- 2. Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ; 5. Department of pharmacology, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Binghua Jiao
- 3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangping Kong
- 1. Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Center of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 458 Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Bellia F, Vecchio G, Rizzarelli E. Carnosinases, their substrates and diseases. Molecules 2014; 19:2299-329. [PMID: 24566305 PMCID: PMC6271292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19022299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnosinases are Xaa-His dipeptidases that play diverse functions throughout all kingdoms of life. Human isoforms of carnosinase (CN1 and CN2) under appropriate conditions catalyze the hydrolysis of the dipeptides carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) and homocarnosine (γ-aminobutyryl-l-histidine). Alterations of serum carnosinase (CN1) activity has been associated with several pathological conditions, such as neurological disorders, chronic diseases and cancer. For this reason the use of carnosinase levels as a biomarker in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been questioned. The hydrolysis of imidazole-related dipeptides in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is also catalyzed by aminoacyl-histidine dipeptidases like PepD (EC 3.4.13.3), PepV (EC 3.4.13.19) and anserinase (EC 3.4.13.5). The review deals with the structure and function of this class of enzymes in physiological and pathological conditions. The main substrates of these enzymes, i.e., carnosine, homocarnosine and anserine (β-alanyl-3-methyl-l-histidine) will also be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellia
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Graziella Vecchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Cui H, Cheng Y, Piao SZ, Xu YJ, Sun HH, Cui X, Li XZ, Zhang SN, Piao LZ, Jin YM, Lin ZH, Shen XH. Correlation between HER-2/neu(erbB-2) expression level and therapeutic effect of combination treatment with HERCEPTIN and chemotherapeutic agents in gastric cancer cell lines. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:10. [PMID: 24472145 PMCID: PMC3915235 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-14-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although advanced gastric cancer has many limitations and response rate is marginal in chemotherapy. Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2/neu) gene and its protein are associated with increased cell division and a high rate of tumor growth and have been reported in several malignancies. Especially, approximately 30% of breast cancer patients have overexpression of HER-2/neu protein and the overexpression metastasize faster, induces resistance of the chemotherapy and down-regulate function of estrogen receptor. Recombinant humanized anti-HER2 antibody (Herceptin) inhibits proliferation of HER-2/neu overexpressing tumor cells and the use of that in combination in metastatic breast cancer have increased cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. Methods We evaluated the expression of HER-2/neu protein in gastric cell lines by FACS and then comparing the cytotoxicity in chemotherapeutics (doxorubicin, cisplatin, paclitaxel, 5-FU) alone and in combination with Herceptin according to the expression of HER-2/neu protein by MTT assay. Results 1. NCI-N87 (88%) gastric cancer cell line and SK-BR-3 (89%) breast cancer cell line with strong positivity of HER-2/neu expression. YBC-2 (55%) and YBC-3 (48%) gastric cancer cell line with intermediated, weak positivity respectively. Negative control U-87 MG (6%) brain cancer cell line were showed low expression of HER-2/neu. 2. Cell growth was dose-dependently inhibited in HER-2/neu positive, control cell line SK-BR-3 by Herceptin treatment but not observed in HER-2/neu negative control cell line U-87 MG. Effective growth inhibition was not observed in gastric cancer cell lines with single treatment of Herceptin, all cell lines observed the dose-dependent growth inhibition to chemotherapeutic agents (doxorubicin, cisplatin, paclitaxel and 5-FU). 3. Combination of Herceptin with doxorubicin observed synergistic effects in all cancer cell lines except YBC-3, combination of Herceptin with cisplatin observed NCI-N87 and SK-BR-3 and combination of Herceptin with paclitaxel observed synergistic effects in YBC-2. Combination of Herceptin with 5-FU observed antagonistic effects in all cancer cell lines. Conclusions According to HER-2/neu expression level, effect of anti-cancer agents was observed differently in combination of Herceptin with chemotherapeutic agents. This suggests that HER-2/neu expression level can be applied standard of combination drug selection in combination of Herceptin With chemotherapeutic agents in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Cui
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Su-Zhou Piao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Jie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Hong-Hua Sun
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Cui
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Zi Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Song-Nan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Zhen Piao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Min Jin
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Hua Lin
- Department of Pathology, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xiong-Hu Shen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
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Vaughan RA, Gannon NP, Garcia-Smith R, Licon-Munoz Y, Barberena MA, Bisoffi M, Trujillo KA. β-alanine suppresses malignant breast epithelial cell aggressiveness through alterations in metabolism and cellular acidity in vitro. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:14. [PMID: 24460609 PMCID: PMC3937146 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Deregulated energetics is a property of most cancer cells. This phenomenon, known as the Warburg Effect or aerobic glycolysis, is characterized by increased glucose uptake, lactate export and extracellular acidification, even in the presence of oxygen. β-alanine is a non-essential amino acid that has previously been shown to be metabolized into carnosine, which functions as an intracellular buffer. Because of this buffering capacity, we investigated the effects of β-alanine on the metabolic cancerous phenotype. Methods Non-malignant MCF-10a and malignant MCF-7 breast epithelial cells were treated with β-alanine at 100 mM for 24 hours. Aerobic glycolysis was quantified by measuring extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxidative metabolism was quantified by measuring oxygen consumption rate (OCR). mRNA of metabolism-related genes was quantified by qRT-PCR with corresponding protein expression quantified by immunoblotting, or by flow cytometry which was verified by confocal microscopy. Mitochondrial content was quantified using a mitochondria-specific dye and measured by flow cytometry. Results Cells treated with β-alanine displayed significantly suppressed basal and peak ECAR (aerobic glycolysis), with simultaneous increase in glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). Additionally, cells treated with β-alanine exhibited significantly reduced basal and peak OCR (oxidative metabolism), which was accompanied by reduction in mitochondrial content with subsequent suppression of genes which promote mitochondrial biosynthesis. Suppression of glycolytic and oxidative metabolism by β-alanine resulted in the reduction of total metabolic rate, although cell viability was not affected. Because β-alanine treatment reduces extracellular acidity, a constituent of the invasive microenvironment that promotes progression, we investigated the effect of β-alanine on breast cell viability and migration. β-alanine was shown to reduce both cell migration and proliferation without acting in a cytotoxic fashion. Moreover, β-alanine significantly increased malignant cell sensitivity to doxorubicin, suggesting a potential role as a co-therapeutic agent. Conclusion Taken together, our results suggest that β-alanine may elicit several anti-tumor effects. Our observations support the need for further investigation into the mechanism(s) of action and specificity of β-alanine as a co-therapeutic agent in the treatment of breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Letzien U, Oppermann H, Meixensberger J, Gaunitz F. The antineoplastic effect of carnosine is accompanied by induction of PDK4 and can be mimicked by L-histidine. Amino Acids 2014; 46:1009-19. [PMID: 24398899 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a naturally occurring dipeptide that shows antineoplastic effects in cell culture as well as in animal experiments. Since its mode of action and the targets at the molecular level have not yet been elucidated, we performed qRT-PCR experiments with RNA isolated from glioblastoma cell lines treated with carnosine, β-alanine, L-alanine, L-histidine and the dipeptide L-alanine-L-histidine. The experiments identified a strong induction of expression of the gene encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase 4 (PDK4) under the influence of carnosine and L-histidine, but not by the other substances employed. In addition, inhibition of cell viability was only detected in cells treated with carnosine and L-histidine, with the latter showing a significantly stronger effect than carnosine. Since the tumor cells expressed the tissue form of carnosinase (CN2) but almost no serum carnosinase (CN1), we conclude that cleavage by CN2 is a prerequisite for the antineoplastic effect of carnosine. In addition, enhanced expression of PDK4 under the influence of carnosine/L-histidine opens a new perspective for the interpretation of the ergogenic potential of dietary β-alanine supplementation and adds a new contribution to a growing body of evidence that single amino acids can regulate key metabolic pathways important in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Letzien
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany,
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Abstract
Carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) was discovered in 1900 as an abundant non-protein nitrogen-containing compound of meat. The dipeptide is not only found in skeletal muscle, but also in other excitable tissues. Most animals, except humans, also possess a methylated variant of carnosine, either anserine or ophidine/balenine, collectively called the histidine-containing dipeptides. This review aims to decipher the physiological roles of carnosine, based on its biochemical properties. The latter include pH-buffering, metal-ion chelation, and antioxidant capacity as well as the capacity to protect against formation of advanced glycation and lipoxidation end-products. For these reasons, the therapeutic potential of carnosine supplementation has been tested in numerous diseases in which ischemic or oxidative stress are involved. For several pathologies, such as diabetes and its complications, ocular disease, aging, and neurological disorders, promising preclinical and clinical results have been obtained. Also the pathophysiological relevance of serum carnosinase, the enzyme actively degrading carnosine into l-histidine and β-alanine, is discussed. The carnosine system has evolved as a pluripotent solution to a number of homeostatic challenges. l-Histidine, and more specifically its imidazole moiety, appears to be the prime bioactive component, whereas β-alanine is mainly regulating the synthesis of the dipeptide. This paper summarizes a century of scientific exploration on the (patho)physiological role of carnosine and related compounds. However, far more experiments in the fields of physiology and related disciplines (biology, pharmacology, genetics, molecular biology, etc.) are required to gain a full understanding of the function and applications of this intriguing molecule.
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Inhibition of tumour cell growth by carnosine: some possible mechanisms. Amino Acids 2013; 46:327-37. [PMID: 24292217 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The naturally occurring dipeptide carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) has been shown to inhibit, selectively, growth of transformed cells mediated, at least in part, by depleting glycolytic ATP levels. The mechanism(s) responsible has/have yet to be determined. Here, we discuss a number of probable and/or possible processes which could, theoretically, suppress glycolytic activity which would decrease ATP supply and generation of metabolic intermediates required for continued cell reproduction. Possibilities include effects on (i) glycolytic enzymes, (ii) metabolic regulatory activities, (iii) redox biology, (iv) protein glycation, (v) glyoxalase activity, (vi) apoptosis, (vii) gene expression and (viii) metastasis. It is possible, by acting at various sites that this pluripotent dipeptide may be an example of an endogenous "smart drug".
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Pyrazolone incorporating amino acid metallointercalators as effective DNA targets: Synthesis and in vitro biocidal evaluation. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2013.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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