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English CJ, Jones M, Lohning AE, Mayr HL, MacLaughlin H, Reidlinger DP. Associations between healthy food groups and platelet-activating factor, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 and C-reactive protein: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:445-460. [PMID: 38063929 PMCID: PMC10899352 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between pro-inflammatory markers platelet-activating factor (PAF), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), hsCRP, and intake of core food groups including fruit, cruciferous and other vegetables, grains, meat and poultry, fish and seafood, nuts and legumes, and dairy. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted. 100 adults (49 ± 13 years, 31% male) with variable cardiovascular disease risk were recruited. Data were collected in 2021 and 2022. Fasting PAF, Lp-PLA2 activity, hsCRP and usual dietary intake (via a validated food frequency questionnaire) were measured. Intake of foods were converted into serves and classified into food groups. Correlations and multiple regressions were performed with adjustment for confounders. RESULTS A one-serve increase in cruciferous vegetables per day was associated with 20-24% lower PAF levels. An increase of one serve per day of nuts and legumes was associated with 40% lower hsCRP levels. There were small correlations with PAF and Lp-PLA2 and cheese, however, these were not significant at the Bonferroni-adjusted P < 0.005 level. CONCLUSION The lack of associations between PAF and Lp-PLA2 and other healthy foods may be due to confounding by COVID-19 infection and vaccination programs which prevents any firm conclusion on the relationship between PAF, Lp-PLA2 and food groups. Future research should aim to examine the relationship with these novel markers and healthy food groups in a non-pandemic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J English
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Jones
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Evidence-Based Healthcare, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Anna E Lohning
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Hannah L Mayr
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Helen MacLaughlin
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Nutrition Research Collaborative, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dianne P Reidlinger
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia.
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Hosoki S, Hansra GK, Jayasena T, Poljak A, Mather KA, Catts VS, Rust R, Sagare A, Kovacic JC, Brodtmann A, Wallin A, Zlokovic BV, Ihara M, Sachdev PS. Molecular biomarkers for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:737-753. [PMID: 37957261 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00884-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
As disease-specific interventions for dementia are being developed, the ability to identify the underlying pathology and dementia subtypes is increasingly important. Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer disease, but progress in identifying molecular biomarkers for accurate diagnosis of VCID has been relatively limited. In this Review, we examine the roles of large and small vessel disease in VCID, considering the underlying pathophysiological processes that lead to vascular brain injury, including atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, ischaemic injury, haemorrhage, hypoperfusion, endothelial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier breakdown, inflammation, oxidative stress, hypoxia, and neuronal and glial degeneration. We consider the key molecules in these processes, including proteins and peptides, metabolites, lipids and circulating RNA, and consider their potential as molecular biomarkers alone and in combination. We also discuss the challenges in translating the promise of these biomarkers into clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hosoki
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gurpreet K Hansra
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tharusha Jayasena
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Poljak
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vibeke S Catts
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruslan Rust
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Abhay Sagare
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, NY, USA
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amy Brodtmann
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anders Wallin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Berislav V Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Schoch L, Alcover S, Padró T, Ben-Aicha S, Mendieta G, Badimon L, Vilahur G. Update of HDL in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2023; 35:297-314. [PMID: 37940388 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence supported an inverse association between HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), identifying HDL-C as a major cardiovascular risk factor and postulating diverse HDL vascular- and cardioprotective functions beyond their ability to drive reverse cholesterol transport. However, the failure of several clinical trials aimed at increasing HDL-C in patients with overt cardiovascular disease brought into question whether increasing the cholesterol cargo of HDL was an effective strategy to enhance their protective properties. In parallel, substantial evidence supports that HDLs are complex and heterogeneous particles whose composition is essential for maintaining their protective functions, subsequently strengthening the "HDL quality over quantity" hypothesis. The following state-of-the-art review covers the latest understanding as per the roles of HDL in ASCVD, delves into recent advances in understanding the complexity of HDL particle composition, including proteins, lipids and other HDL-transported components and discusses on the clinical outcomes after the administration of HDL-C raising drugs with particular attention to CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Schoch
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastián Alcover
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Guiomar Mendieta
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiovascular Clinical Institute, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; CiberCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; CiberCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Calderón-Pérez L, Companys J, Solà R, Pedret A, Valls RM. The effects of fatty acid-based dietary interventions on circulating bioactive lipid levels as intermediate biomarkers of health, cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:988-1033. [PMID: 36545749 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Dietary fatty acids (FAs), primarily n-3 polyunsaturated FAs, have been associated with enrichment of the circulating bioactive lipidome and changes in the enzymatic precursor lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) mass; however, the magnitude of this effect remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of different dietary FAs on the bioactive lipid profile of healthy participants and those with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk factors. DATA SOURCES PubMed, SCOPUS and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant articles published between October 2010 and May 2022. DATA EXTRACTION Data were screened for relevance and then retrieved in full and evaluated for eligibility by 2 reviewers independently. DATA ANALYSIS The net difference in the bioactive lipid mean values between the endpoint and the baseline, and the corresponding SDs or SEs, were used for the qualitative synthesis. For the meta-analysis, a fixed-effects model was used. RESULTS Twenty-seven randomized clinical trials (representing >2560 participants) were included. Over 78% of the enrolled participants had ≥1 associated CVD risk factor, whereas <22% were healthy. In the meta-analysis, marine n-3 supplements (dose range, 0.37-1.9 g/d) significantly increased pro-inflammatory lysophosphatidylcholines (lyso-PCs; for lyso-PC(16:0): mean, +0.52 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.02-1.01] µM; for lyso-PC(18:0): mean, +0.58 [95%CI, 0.09-1.08] µM) in obese participants. Additionally, n-3 supplementation (1-5.56 g/d) decreased plasma Lp-PLA2 mass, a well-known inflammation marker, in healthy (-0.35 [95%CI, -0.59 to -0.10] ng/mL), dyslipidemic (-0.36 [95%CI, -0.47 to -0.25] ng/mL), and stable coronary artery disease participants (-0.52 [95%CI, -0.91 to -0.12] ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS Daily n-3 provided as EPA+DHA supplements and consumed from 1 to 6 months reduced plasma Lp-PLA2 mass in healthy participants and those with CVD and CVD risk factors, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect. However, the saturated lyso-PC response to n-3 was impaired in obese participants. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021218335.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judit Companys
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa M Valls
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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Mechanism of oxidized phospholipid-related inflammatory response in vascular ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101888. [PMID: 36806379 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Vascular ageing is an important factor in the morbidity and mortality of the elderly. Atherosclerosis is a characteristic disease of vascular ageing, which is closely related to the enhancement of vascular inflammation. Phospholipid oxidation products are important factors in inducing cellular inflammation. Through interactions with vascular cells and immune cells, they regulate intracellular signaling pathways, activate the expression of various cytokines, and affect cell behavior, such as metabolic level, proliferation, apoptosis, etc. Intervention in lipid metabolism and anti-inflammation are the two key pathways of drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis. This review aims to sort out the signaling pathway of oxidized phospholipids-induced inflammatory factors in vascular cells and immune cells and the mechanism leading to changes in cell behavior, and summarize the therapeutic targets in the inflammatory signaling pathway for the development of atherosclerosis drugs.
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Carmo HRP, Yoshinaga MY, Castillo AR, Britto Chaves-Filho A, Bonilha I, Barreto J, Muraro SP, de Souza GF, Davanzo GG, Perroud MW, Lukhna K, Ntsekhe M, Davidson S, Velloso LA, Nadruz W, Carvalho LSF, Sáinz-Jaspeado M, Farias AS, Proença-Módena JL, Moraes-Vieira PM, Karathanasis SK, Yellon D, Miyamoto S, Remaley AT, Sposito AC. Phenotypic changes in low-density lipoprotein particles as markers of adverse clinical outcomes in COVID-19. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 138:107552. [PMID: 36889041 PMCID: PMC9969752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plasma concentration decline is a biomarker for acute inflammatory diseases, including coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Phenotypic changes in LDL during COVID-19 may be equally related to adverse clinical outcomes. METHODS Individuals hospitalized due to COVID-19 (n = 40) were enrolled. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 30 (D0, D2, D4, D6, and D30). Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity were measured. In a consecutive series of cases (n = 13), LDL was isolated by gradient ultracentrifugation from D0 and D6 and was quantified by lipidomic analysis. Association between clinical outcomes and LDL phenotypic changes was investigated. RESULTS In the first 30 days, 42.5% of participants died due to Covid-19. The serum ox-LDL increased from D0 to D6 (p < 0.005) and decreased at D30. Moreover, individuals who had an ox-LDL increase from D0 to D6 to over the 90th percentile died. The plasma Lp-PLA2 activity also increased progressively from D0 to D30 (p < 0.005), and the change from D0 to D6 in Lp-PLA2 and ox-LDL were positively correlated (r = 0.65, p < 0.0001). An exploratory untargeted lipidomic analysis uncovered 308 individual lipids in isolated LDL particles. Paired-test analysis from D0 and D6 revealed higher concentrations of 32 lipid species during disease progression, mainly represented by lysophosphatidyl choline and phosphatidylinositol. In addition, 69 lipid species were exclusively modulated in the LDL particles from non-survivors as compared to survivors. CONCLUSIONS Phenotypic changes in LDL particles are associated with disease progression and adverse clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients and could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Y Yoshinaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Stéfanie Primon Muraro
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Fabiano de Souza
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Gastão Davanzo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Kishal Lukhna
- Division of Cardiology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mpiko Ntsekhe
- Division of Cardiology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sean Davidson
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Internal Medicine Department, Unicamp Medical School, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson Nadruz
- Cardiology Division, Unicamp Medical School, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandro S Farias
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunomodulation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Hub of Global Health (HGH), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Proença-Módena
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Hub of Global Health (HGH), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Hub of Global Health (HGH), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sotirios K Karathanasis
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory Translational Vascular Medicine Branch National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Derek Yellon
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory Translational Vascular Medicine Branch National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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English CJ, Lohning AE, Mayr HL, Jones M, Reidlinger DP. Interrelationships among platelet-activating factor and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 activity and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Biofactors 2022; 49:457-471. [PMID: 36538603 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has been assessed through blood lipids and inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Recent clinical interest in novel pro-inflammatory markers platelet-activating factor (PAF) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2 ) recognizes that vascular damage can exist in the absence of traditional risk factors. This cross-sectional study investigated the potential relationship between circulating PAF, Lp-PLA2 , hsCRP, and traditional risk factors for CVD. One hundred adults (49 ± 13 years, 31% male) with variable CVD risk were recruited. Fasting inflammatory markers PAF, Lp-PLA2 and hsCRP and total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured. Blood pressure, body mass index, and waist circumference were measured. Medical and physical activity data were self-reported. Linear and multiple regressions were performed. PAF, Lp-PLA2 , and hsCRP independently correlated with several CVD risk factors. PAF was correlated significantly with risk factors in an unexpected way; there was a medium positive correlation between PAF and HDL cholesterol (r = 0.394, p < 0.001) and medium negative correlations with Total:HDL cholesterol; (r = -0.436, p < 0.001) systolic blood pressure; (r = -0.307, p = 0.001); BMI (r = -0.381, p < 0.001); and waist circumference (r = -0.404, p < 0.001). There were large positive correlations between Lp-PLA2 and LDL (r = 0.525, p < 0.001) and non-HDL cholesterol (r = 0.508, p < 0.001). There were large positive correlations between hsCRP and Total:HDL cholesterol (r = 0.524, p < 0.001); BMI (r = 0.668, p < 0.001); and waist circumference (r = 0.676, p < 0.001). PAF, Lp-PLA2 , and hsCRP are implicated in the pathophysiology of inflammation in CVD; however, the relationships between each marker and traditional risk factors were different suggesting they may be involved in different atherogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J English
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anna E Lohning
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hannah L Mayr
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Jones
- Institute of Evidence-Based Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dianne P Reidlinger
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
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Zhang X, Liu L, Jiang N, Liu Y, Wang Q, Tang X, Zhai Q, Zhao L. Correlation of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and cerebral microbleeds in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:482. [PMID: 36517761 PMCID: PMC9749267 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-03000-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) increase the risk of stroke occurrence and recurrence,and affect the prognosis of stroke patients. Therefore, identifying biological markers that predict CMBs after stroke is urgently needed. This study explored whether high levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2) are associated with an increased risk of CMBs in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). METHODS From April 2020 to October 2021, we enrolled 242 patients with AIS. At admission, the plasma levels of Lp-PLA2 were measured in all patients as well as the number of CMBs and white matter lesions. According to the results of the Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI), the patients were divided into a CMB group and a no-CMB group. The groups were compared with univariate and multivariate analyses to clarify the correlation between Lp-PLA2 levels and CMBs, and the optimal cut-off value of Lp-PLA2 that predicted CMBs was determined from the receiver-operating characteristic curve. RESULTS CMBs were detected in 71 (29.3%) of the 242 AIS patients. The median Lp-PLA2 level was 182.79 ng/ml. Using the 1st quartile of Lp-PLA2 levels (the lowest levels) as the reference group, univariate logistic regression analysis showed that individuals in the 4th quartile (the highest levels) had a higher risk of CMBs (odds ratio [OR] = 1.460, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.188-1.795, P = 0.000). This correlation persisted after adjusting for relevant risk factors (OR = 1.370, 95% CI: 1.096-1.713, P = 0.006). The optimal cut-off value of Lp-PLA2 that predicted the occurrence of CMBs was 184.36 ng/ml; at this threshold, the sensitivity was 69.0%, and the specificity was 60.2%. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that a high level of Lp-PLA2 in patients with AIS is a potential risk factor for CMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiu Zhang
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.62, South Huai’an Road, Huai’an, 223002 Jiangsu China ,grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Department of Neurology, Hongze People’s Hospital, Hongze, 223100 Jiangsu China
| | - Lu Liu
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.62, South Huai’an Road, Huai’an, 223002 Jiangsu China
| | - Nan Jiang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Neurology, Lianshui people’s Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianshui, 223400 Jiangsu China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.62, South Huai’an Road, Huai’an, 223002 Jiangsu China
| | - Qing Wang
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.62, South Huai’an Road, Huai’an, 223002 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaohong Tang
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Department of Neurology, Hongze People’s Hospital, Hongze, 223100 Jiangsu China
| | - Qijin Zhai
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.62, South Huai’an Road, Huai’an, 223002 Jiangsu China
| | - Liandong Zhao
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.62, South Huai’an Road, Huai’an, 223002 Jiangsu China
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English CJ, Mayr HL, Lohning AE, Reidlinger DP. The association between dietary patterns and the novel inflammatory markers platelet-activating factor and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:1371-1391. [PMID: 34651191 PMCID: PMC9086773 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Atherosclerosis is a disease of chronic inflammation. Recent research has identified 2 novel inflammatory biomarkers: platelet-activating factor (PAF) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). Diet has been proposed as a mediator of inflammation, but to date, the focus for these novel biomarkers has been on individual foods and nutrients rather than overall dietary patterns. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the literature on the association between dietary patterns and PAF and Lp-PLA2. DATA SOURCES The PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane CENTRAL literature databases were searched. DATA ANALYSIS Study quality was evaluated using the Quality Criteria Checklist. Sixteen studies (n = 4 observational and n = 12 interventional) were included and assessed for associations between dietary patterns and PAF and Lp-PLA2. CONCLUSION Study quality varied from neutral (n = 10) to positive (n = 6). Mediterranean, heart healthy, and vegetarian dietary patterns were associated with improved levels of PAF and Lp-PLA2. Conversely, Western dietary patterns were less favorable. A range of well-established, healthier dietary patterns may lower inflammation and the risk of atherosclerosis. More well-designed studies are needed to confirm these findings and identify other dietary patterns that improve inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J English
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hannah L Mayr
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina , Queensland, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anna E Lohning
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dianne P Reidlinger
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
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10
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Frudd K, Sivaprasad S, Raman R, Krishnakumar S, Revathy YR, Turowski P. Diagnostic circulating biomarkers to detect vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy: Potential screening tool of the future? Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:e648-e668. [PMID: 34269526 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of diabetes in developing and developed countries, the socio-economic burden of diabetic retinopathy (DR), the leading complication of diabetes, is growing. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is currently one of the leading causes of blindness in working-age adults worldwide. Robust methodologies exist to detect and monitor DR; however, these rely on specialist imaging techniques and qualified practitioners. This makes detecting and monitoring DR expensive and time-consuming, which is particularly problematic in developing countries where many patients will be remote and have little contact with specialist medical centres. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is largely asymptomatic until late in the pathology. Therefore, early identification and stratification of vision-threatening DR (VTDR) is highly desirable and will ameliorate the global impact of this disease. A simple, reliable and more cost-effective test would greatly assist in decreasing the burden of DR around the world. Here, we evaluate and review data on circulating protein biomarkers, which have been verified in the context of DR. We also discuss the challenges and developments necessary to translate these promising data into clinically useful assays, to detect VTDR, and their potential integration into simple point-of-care testing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Frudd
- Institute of Ophthalmology University College London London UK
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- Institute of Ophthalmology University College London London UK
- NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre Moorfields Eye Hospital London UK
| | - Rajiv Raman
- Vision Research Foundation Sankara Nethralaya Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | | | | | - Patric Turowski
- Institute of Ophthalmology University College London London UK
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11
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Saumoy M, Sánchez-Quesada JL, Assoumou L, Gatell JM, González-Cordón A, Guaraldi G, Domingo P, Giacomelli A, Connault J, Katlama C, Masiá M, Ordónez-Llanos J, Pozniak A, Martínez E, Podzamczer D. Atherogenicity of low-density lipoproteins after switching from a protease inhibitor to dolutegravir: a substudy of the NEAT022 study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:1980-1988. [PMID: 35411401 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate whether switching from a ritonavir-boosted PI-based regimen to a dolutegravir-based regimen improved the atherogenic properties of LDL particles in patients with HIV. METHODS This was a substudy of the NEAT022 study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02098837). Adults with HIV with a Framingham score >10% or aged >50 years and being treated with a stable boosted PI-based regimen were randomized to either switch to dolutegravir or continue with boosted PI. At baseline and Week 48, we assessed atherogenic LDL properties: LDL particle size and phenotype (A, intermediate, B), oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity. RESULTS Eighty-six participants (dolutegravir 44; PI 42) were included. Participants had a median (IQR) age of 54 (51-57) years and 79.1% were male. In the dolutegravir arm, after 48 weeks, we observed: (1) an increase in LDL size [median 1.65 Å (IQR -0.60 to 4.20); P = 0.007], correlated with the decrease in triglyceride concentration [Spearman correlation = -0.352 (P = 0.001)], with a corresponding decrease of subjects with atherogenic LDL phenotype B (36.4% to 20.5%; P = 0.039); (2) a decrease in Lp-PLA2 activity [median 1.39 μmol/min/mL (IQR -2.3 to 0.54); P = 0.002]; and (3) a decrease in ox-LDL [median 14 U/L (IQR -102 to 13); P = 0.006]. In the PI arm, none of these favourable lipid modifications was observed. CONCLUSIONS Forty-eight weeks after switching from a PI-based to a dolutegravir-based regimen, patients with Framingham score >10% or aged >50 years showed improvement of several atherogenic lipid features, including LDL particle phenotype, ox-LDL and Lp-PLA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Saumoy
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Lambert Assoumou
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Paris, France
| | - José Maria Gatell
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,ViiV Healthcare, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Pere Domingo
- Infectious Diseases, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica del HSCSP, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Mar Masiá
- Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Ordónez-Llanos
- Biochemistry Department, Biomedical Research Institute IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Foundation for Biochemistry and Molecular Pathology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anton Pozniak
- Chelsea & Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Esteban Martínez
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic/IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Podzamczer
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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12
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Wong ND, Budoff MJ, Ferdinand K, Graham IM, Michos ED, Reddy T, Shapiro MD, Toth PP. ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK ASSESSMENT: An American Society for Preventive Cardiology Clinical Practice Statement. Am J Prev Cardiol 2022; 10:100335. [PMID: 35342890 PMCID: PMC8943256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) shows considerable heterogeneity both in generally healthy persons and in those with known ASCVD. The foundation of preventive cardiology begins with assessing baseline ASCVD risk using global risk scores based on standard office-based measures. Persons at low risk are generally recommended for lifestyle management only and those at highest risk are recommended for both lifestyle and pharmacologic therapy. Additional “risk enhancing” factors, including both traditional risk factors and novel biomarkers and inflammatory factors can be used to further assess ASCVD risk, especially in those at borderline or intermediate risk. There are also female-specific risk enhancers, social determinants of health, and considerations for high-risk ethnic groups. Screening for subclinical atherosclerosis, especially with the use of coronary calcium screening, can further inform the treatment decision if uncertain based on the above strategies. Persons with pre-existing ASCVD also have variable risk, affected by the number of major ASCVD events, whether recurrent events have occurred recently, and the presence of other major risk factors or high-risk conditions. Current guidelines define high to very high risk ASCVD accordingly. Accurate ASCVD risk assessment is crucial for the appropriate targeting of preventive therapies to reduce ASCVD risk. Finally, the clinician-patient risk discussion focusing on lifestyle management and the risks and benefits of evidence-based pharmacologic therapies to best lower ASCVD risk is central to this process. This clinical practice statement provides the preventive cardiology specialist with guidance and tools for assessment of ASCVD risk with the goal of appropriately targeting treatment approaches for prevention of ASCVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D. Wong
- Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Corresponding author.
| | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Division of Cardiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Keith Ferdinand
- Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA United States
| | - Ian M. Graham
- Department of Cardiology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Erin D. Michos
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tina Reddy
- Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA United States
| | | | - Peter P. Toth
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, United States
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13
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The Roles of Platelet-Activating Factor and Magnesium in Pathophysiology of Hypertension, Atherogenesis, Cardiovascular Disease, Stroke and Aging. CARDIOGENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cardiogenetics12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and atherosclerosis are debilitating diseases that affect millions each year. Long-term consequences include but are not limited to stroke, myocardial infarction, and kidney failure. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a proinflammatory mediator synthesized from a subclass of phosphatidylcholines that increases platelet activation, leukocyte adhesion, infiltration of macrophages, and intracellular lipid accumulation, thereby contributing to atherosclerosis. Magnesium, a key micronutrient and free radical scavenger, is a water-soluble mineral that regulates peripheral vasodilation and calcium, phosphate, and hydroxyapatite homeostasis. Magnesium’s antihypertensive ability stems from its role as a natural calcium antagonist and promoter of vasodilatory mediators, such as nitric oxide. Platelet-activating factor and magnesium share an inverse relationship, and elevated magnesium levels have been shown to have protective effects against plaque formation as well as antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic effects, all of which allow for healthier aging. The purpose of this literature review is to investigate the role of platelet-activating factor and magnesium in the pathophysiology of hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and aging. Since the pathophysiology of the platelet-activating factor biomolecule is underexplored, further research studies are warranted in order to navigate the putative signaling pathways involved in the cardioprotective effects of dietary magnesium as a natural anti-PAF agent.
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14
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Ma YY, Zhang QC, Tan X, Zhang X, Zhang C. T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma with extensive thrombi and cardiac thrombosis: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:9607-9616. [PMID: 34877297 PMCID: PMC8610884 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i31.9607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL), a neoplasm of immature T-cell precursors or lymphoblasts, is a clinically aggressive disease. In general, patients with T-LBL have a poor prognosis and often have high-risk clinical features, such as mediastinal masses, central nervous system infiltration, or other indications of high tumor burden; however, extensive thrombi are not common.
CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old woman presented to the Department of General Surgery with cervical lymph node enlargement accompanied by cough, wheezing, and palpitation for 3 mo. A complete blood count showed a white blood cell count of 1.6 × 109/L, a hemoglobin concentration of 135 g/L, and a platelet count of 175 × 109/L. A biopsy sample of the lymph node mass indicated T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, and the bone marrow immunophenotype indicated early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL). Abdominal and chest enhanced computed tomography showed thrombi in the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, right hepatic vein, azygos vein, and right atrium. The ultrasonic cardiogram showed a thrombus in the right atrium of 5.23 cm × 4.21 cm. The patient was first treated with low-dose dexamethasone and low-molecular-weight heparin followed by 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Then, the ultrasonic cardiogram showed that thrombus in the right atrium had disappeared and the patient had achieved complete cytological remission. The maintenance therapy of the patient included chidamide 30 mg/wk, and she survived for 6 mo.
CONCLUSION The incidence of venous thromboembolism is high in lymphoma; however, extensive thrombi with heart thrombosis is rare. Chemotherapy is the major method of treatment for lymphoma with thrombosis. We successfully treated a patient with T-LBL complicated by extensive thrombi, including a large right atrial thrombus, with combined chemotherapy containing liposomal doxorubicin, and the patient achieved complete remission. Maintenance therapy with chidamide was also effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Ma
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Quan-Chao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xu Tan
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
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15
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Sheng G, Zhou J, Zhang C, Wu C, Huang K, Qin X, Wu J. Relationship between Lp-PLA2 and in-stent restenosis after coronary stenting: a 3-year follow-up study. Scott Med J 2021; 66:178-185. [PMID: 34315293 DOI: 10.1177/00369330211034809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Coronary in-stent restenosis (ISR) is an important complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the relationship between lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) level and ISR after PCI is rarely reported. This study aims to explore the relationship between Lp-PLA2 and the occurrence of ISR at post-PCI and its predictive value for ISR. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma Lp-PLA2 mass were measured in 847 patients planting 1262 stents and evaluated along with known risk indicators. One-year angiographic follow-up showed that baseline elevated Lp-PLA2 mass was strongly associated with early restenosis (95% CI = 1.062-3.050, P < 0.05). Beyond the first year, the occurrence of late restenosis (95% CI = 1.043-3.214, P < 0.05) was significantly larger in the elevated Lp-PLA2 group. Kaplan-Meier analysis after three-year clinical follow up suggested that Lp-PLA2 mass did add the positive effect on the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). CONCLUSION In conclusion, increased baseline plasma Lp-PLA2 predicts increased risks of re-stenosis and MACEs, which may be a novel biomarker for predicting ISR and MACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Sheng
- Deputy Chief Physician, Department of Cardiology, Haimen Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Deputy Chief Physician, Department of Medical Imaging, Radiology Center, Haimen Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Attending physician, Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Caijuan Wu
- Chief Physician, Department of Cardiology, Haimen Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Kairong Huang
- Attending physician, Department of Cardiology, Haimen Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Xiaotong Qin
- Chief Physician, Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Chief Physician, Department of Cardiology, Haimen Hospital of Nantong University, China
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16
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Bargieł W, Cierpiszewska K, Maruszczak K, Pakuła A, Szwankowska D, Wrzesińska A, Gutowski Ł, Formanowicz D. Recognized and Potentially New Biomarkers-Their Role in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Disease. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57070701. [PMID: 34356982 PMCID: PMC8305174 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its consequences are the leading cause of mortality in the world. For this reason, we have reviewed atherosclerosis biomarkers and selected the most promising ones for review. We focused mainly on biomarkers related to inflammation and oxidative stress, such as the highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). The microRNA (miRNA) and the usefulness of the bone mineralization, glucose, and lipid metabolism marker osteocalcin (OC) were also reviewed. The last biomarker we considered was angiogenin (ANG). Our review shows that due to the multifactorial nature of atherosclerosis, no single marker is known so far, the determination of which would unambiguously assess the severity of atherosclerosis and help without any doubt in the prognosis of cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Bargieł
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (W.B.); (K.C.); (K.M.); (A.P.); (D.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Cierpiszewska
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (W.B.); (K.C.); (K.M.); (A.P.); (D.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Klara Maruszczak
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (W.B.); (K.C.); (K.M.); (A.P.); (D.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Anna Pakuła
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (W.B.); (K.C.); (K.M.); (A.P.); (D.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Dominika Szwankowska
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (W.B.); (K.C.); (K.M.); (A.P.); (D.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Aleksandra Wrzesińska
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (W.B.); (K.C.); (K.M.); (A.P.); (D.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Łukasz Gutowski
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Dorota Formanowicz
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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17
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Hu JK, Chan KCG, Couper DJ, Breslow NE. Estimating the hazard rate difference from case-cohort studies. Eur J Epidemiol 2021; 36:1129-1142. [PMID: 34125343 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-021-00739-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The case-cohort design, among many two-phase sampling designs, substantially reduces the cost of an epidemiological study by selecting more informative participants within the full cohort for expensive variable measurements. Despite their benefits, additive hazards models, which estimate hazard differences, have rarely been used for the analysis of case-cohort studies due to the lack of software and application examples. In this paper, we describe a newly developed estimation method that fits the additive hazards models to general two-phase sampling studies along with the R package addhazard that implements it. It allows for missing covariates among cases, cohort stratification, robust variances, and the incorporation of auxiliary information from the full cohort to enhance inference precision. We demonstrate the use of this tool to estimate the association of the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) with biomarkers high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) by analyzing the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, which adopted a two-phase sampling design for studying these two biomarkers. We show that the use of auxiliary variables from the full cohort based on calibration techniques improves the precision of the hazard difference being estimated. We observe a synergistic effect of the two biomarkers among participants with lower LDL cholesterol (LDL-C): the CHD hazard rate attributable to the combined action of high hs-CRP and high Lp-PLA2 exceeded the sum of the CHD hazard rate attributable to each one independently by 11.58 (95% CI 2.16-21.01) cases per 1000 person-years. With higher LDL-C, we observe the CHD hazard rate attributable to the combined action of high hs-CRP and medium Lp-PLA2 was less than the sum of their individual effects by 13.42 (95% CI 2.44-24.40) cases per 1000 person-years. This demonstration serves the dual purposes of illustrating analysis techniques and providing insights about the utility of hs-CRP and Lp-PLA2 for identifying the high-risk population of CHD that the traditional risk factors such as the LDL-C may miss. Epidemiologists are encouraged to use this new tool to analyze other case-cohort studies and incorporate auxiliary variables embedded in the full cohort in their analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie K Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| | - Kwun C G Chan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - David J Couper
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Norman E Breslow
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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18
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Detopoulou M, Ntzouvani A, Petsini F, Gavriil L, Fragopoulou E, Antonopoulou S. Consumption of Enriched Yogurt with PAF Inhibitors from Olive Pomace Affects the Major Enzymes of PAF Metabolism: A Randomized, Double Blind, Three Arm Trial. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060801. [PMID: 34071485 PMCID: PMC8227157 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a proinflammatory lipid mediator, plays a crucial role in the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, the inhibition of endothelium inflammation by nutraceuticals, such as PAF inhibitors, is a promising alternative for preventing cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a new functional yogurt enriched with PAF inhibitors of natural origin from olive oil by-products on PAF metabolism. Ninety-two apparently healthy, but mainly overweight volunteers (35-65 years) were randomly allocated into three groups by block-randomization. The activities of PAF's biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes were measured, specifically two isoforms of acetyl-CoA:lyso-PAF acetyltransferase (LPCATs), cytidine 5'-diphospho-choline:1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-CPT) and two isoforms of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase in leucocytes (PAF-AH) and plasma (lipoprotein associated phospholipase-A2, LpPLA2). The intake of the enriched yogurt resulted in reduced PAF-CPT and LpPLA2 activities. No difference was observed in the activities of the two isoforms of lyso PAF-AT. In conclusion, intake of yogurt enriched in PAF inhibitors could favorably modulate PAF biosynthetic and catabolic pathways.
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19
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Zhang F, Guo J, Yang F, Zhou Y. Lp-PLA2 evaluates the severity of carotid artery stenosis and predicts the occurrence of cerebrovascular events in high stroke-risk populations. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23691. [PMID: 33458873 PMCID: PMC7957999 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, relationship between carotid artery stenosis and cerebrovascular events in high stroke‐risk populations is still unclear. Methods A total of 835 people at a high risk of stroke were screened from 15,933 people aged >40 years in April 2013 and followed at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Finally, 823 participants met the screening criteria, and the clinical data and biochemical parameters were investigated. Results Among the 823 participants, 286 had varying degrees of carotid artery stenosis and 18 had cerebrovascular events. The level of Lp‐PLA2 in the carotid artery stenosis group was higher than that in the no stenosis group, and the level in the event group was higher than that in the no event group (p < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that Lp‐PLA2 was positively correlated with the degree of carotid artery stenosis (r = 0.093, p = 0.07) and stenosis involvement (r = 0.094, p = 0.07). The correlation coefficient between Lp‐PLA2 and lipoprotein was the highest on the levels of sdLDL (r = 0.555, p < 0.001), followed by non‐HDL, LDL, TC, and TG. Cox multivariate regression analysis revealed that, compared with the first quantile of Lp‐PLA2 level (Q1, low level), the risk of cerebrovascular events in the fourth quantile of Lp‐PLA2 was 10.170 times that of the first quantile (OR = 10.170, 95% CI 1.302–79.448, p = 0.027). Conclusions Lp‐PLA2 levels can evaluate carotid artery stenosis and predict the occurrence of cerebrovascular events in high stroke‐risk populations and provide scientific guidance for risk stratification management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Zhang
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Guo
- Central Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yonglie Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Fras Z, Tršan J, Banach M. On the present and future role of Lp-PLA 2 in atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular risk prediction and management. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:954-964. [PMID: 34336025 PMCID: PMC8314407 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.98195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating concentration and activity of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) have been proven as biomarkers of increased risk of atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Lp-PLA2 might be part of the atherosclerotic process and may contribute to plaque destabilisation through inflammatory activity within atherosclerotic lesions. However, all attempts to translate the inhibition of phospholipase into clinically beneficial ASCVD risk reduction, including in randomised studies, by either non-specific inhibition of sPLA2 (by varespladib) or specific Lp-PLA2 inhibition by darapladib, unexpectedly failed. This gives us a strong imperative to continue research aimed at a better understanding of how Lp-PLA2 and sPLA2 regulate vascular inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque development. From the clinical viewpoint there is a need to establish and validate the existing and emerging novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies to fight against ASCVD development, by using potentially better animal models and differently designed clinical trials in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Fras
- Centre for Preventive Cardiology, Department of Vascular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Chair of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jure Tršan
- Centre for Preventive Cardiology, Department of Vascular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
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Liberale L, Montecucco F, Schwarz L, Lüscher TF, Camici GG. Inflammation and cardiovascular diseases: lessons from seminal clinical trials. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:411-422. [PMID: 32666079 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been long regarded as a key contributor to atherosclerosis. Inflammatory cells and soluble mediators play critical roles throughout arterial plaque development and accordingly, targeting inflammatory pathways effectively reduces atherosclerotic burden in animal models of cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Yet, clinical translation often led to inconclusive or even contradictory results. The Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS) followed by the Colchicine Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial (COLCOT) were the first two randomized clinical trials to convincingly demonstrate the effectiveness of specific anti-inflammatory treatments in the field of CV prevention, while other phase III trials-including the Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial one using methotrexate-were futile. This manuscript reviews the main characteristics and findings of recent anti-inflammatory Phase III trials in cardiology and discusses their similarities and differences in order to get further insights into the contribution of specific inflammatory pathways on CV outcomes. CANTOS and COLCOT demonstrated efficacy of two anti-inflammatory drugs (canakinumab and colchicine, respectively) in the secondary prevention of major adverse CV events (MACE) thus providing the first confirmation of the involvement of a specific inflammatory pathway in human atherosclerotic CV disease (ASCVD). Also, they highlighted the NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome-related pathway as an effective therapeutic target to blunt ASCVD. In contrast, other trials interfering with a number of inflammasome-independent pathways failed to provide benefit. Lastly, all anti-inflammatory trials underscored the importance of balancing the risk of impaired host defence with an increase in infections and the prevention of MACE in CV patients with residual inflammatory risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Liberale
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 12 Wagistrasse, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Lena Schwarz
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 12 Wagistrasse, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 12 Wagistrasse, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 12 Wagistrasse, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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Ding YD, Pei YQ, Wang R, Yang JX, Zhao YX, Liu XL, Shen H, Ma Q, Zhang S, Ge HL. Increased plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 levels are associated with coronary slow flow. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:248. [PMID: 32460702 PMCID: PMC7251718 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronary slow flow (CSF) is characterized by delayed opacification of distal epicardial coronary arteries without significant coronary stenosis. In addition, The changes of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) as a significant predictive factor for CSF remain controversial. The study aims to investigate the association between plasma Lp-PLA2 and CSF. METHODS In this retrospective study, 170 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography were enrolled in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2017 to September 2019, and were divided into CSF group and normal control groups. According to coronary blood flow rate measured by the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count (TFC) method, CSF was defined as TFC > 27. Serum Lp-PLA2 levels were measured in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Lp-PLA2 levels were higher in the CSF group than in the control group (288.6 ± 50.3 versus 141.9 ± 49.7, P < 0.001) and were significantly correlated with the mean coronary artery thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count (r = 0.790, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that high Lp-PLA2 was independently associated with CSF after adjustment for conventional risk factors (OR = 1.040, CI = 1.022-1.059, P<0.001). Male sex (OR = 2.192, CI = 1.161-4.140, P = 0.016) and hypertension (OR = 1.965, CI = 1.034-3.736, P = 0.039) were also CSF risk factors. Receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed that Lp-PLA2 levels can predict CSF severity; the predictive power was higher than the other risk factors. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that patients with CSF had higher circulating levels of Lp-PLA2 than normal controls. After adjustment for potential confounders, increased Lp-PLA2 was independently associated with presence of CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Dong Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Yu-Qiang Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Jia-Xing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Yin-Xin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Hua Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Qian Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Long Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
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Seyfarth J, Herebian D, Reinauer C, Baechle C, Roden M, Holl RW, Reinehr T, Mayatepek E, Meissner T, Rosenbauer J. Evaluation of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 as a marker for renal microvasculopathy in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2020; 37:75-83. [PMID: 31335994 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the relevance of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for renal microvascular diseases. METHODS We analysed lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity and lysophosphatidylcholine levels (as a surrogate marker of oxidative stress) in 165 adolescents (aged 17.0 ± 2.3 years) with a history of Type 1 diabetes greater than 10 years. Clinical data were obtained from the German/Austrian nationwide Diabetes-Patients Follow-up (DPV) registry at blood collection and on average 2.4 ± 1.3 years later at follow-up. Relationships between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity and clinical, demographic and laboratory variables, lysophosphatidylcholine levels and presence of albuminuria were evaluated by multivariable linear and logistic regression. RESULTS Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity was higher in male than female adolescents (P = 0.002). Albuminuria was present in 14% (22/158) of participants at baseline, and 5% (4/86) of participants without albuminuria at baseline developed albuminuria until follow-up. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity was associated neither with present nor with incident albuminuria. Lysophosphatidylcholine did not correlate with lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity. Cross-sectional bivariate correlation as well as multivariable linear regression analysis revealed a negative correlation of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity with HbA1c and HDL-cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase activity was not associated with surrogate markers for oxidative stress and early diabetic nephropathy. The association of decreased lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity with poor glucose control might limit its function as a predictor of micro- and macrovascular diseases in Type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Seyfarth
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - D Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - C Reinauer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - C Baechle
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center at Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center at Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - R W Holl
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - T Reinehr
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
| | - E Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - T Meissner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J Rosenbauer
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center at Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
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Tao L, ShiChuan W, DeTai Z, Lihua H. Evaluation of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, serum amyloid A, and fibrinogen as diagnostic biomarkers for patients with acute cerebral infarction. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 34:e23084. [PMID: 31713292 PMCID: PMC7083405 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to explore the clinical values of combined detection of lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2), serum amyloid A (SAA), and plasma fibrinogen (FIB) in the diagnosis of acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Methods A case‐control study including 100 hospitalized patients with ACI and 47 healthy controls was carried out. The level of Lp‐PLA2, SAA, and FIB was detected, respectively, and their clinical values were analyzed. Carotid lesions and neurological impairment were also analyzed in each patient. Results The level of Lp‐PLA2, SAA, and FIB in the ACI group was significantly higher than that of the controls, and the three biomarkers showed a significant positive correlation and were considered as risk factors for ACI. The area under the curve (AUC) for Lp‐PLA2, SAA, and FIB was 0.858, 0.743, and 0.672, respectively. When three biomarkers were used in combination, the AUC was 0.879. Compared with the other groups, the levels of three biomarkers in bilateral carotid plaque ACI group were all significantly higher. In addition, the level of Lp‐PLA2 and SAA in ACI patients with severe neurological impairment was also significantly higher than that of the mild‐to‐moderate group. Conclusion Lp‐PLA2 combined with SAA and FIB had a high clinical value for rapid diagnosis and prediction of ACI. These biomarkers were also significantly associated with the formation of bilateral carotid atherosclerotic plaques and the severe neurological impairment in ACI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wang ShiChuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang DeTai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hu Lihua
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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25
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Increased activity of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 in non-severe asthma. Allergol Int 2019; 68:450-455. [PMID: 31064688 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given increased risk of cardiovascular events in asthma we hypothesized that lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), an enzyme involved in atherosclerosis, is associated with proinflammatory and prothrombotic blood alterations in this disease. METHODS In 164 adult asthmatics (63 with severe asthma) we measured plasma Lp-PLA2 activity using the PLAC test. We determined its relations to inflammation and prothrombotic blood alterations. RESULTS In asthma, Lp-PLA2 was inversely related to the age (β = -0.1 [-0.18 to -0.02]) and was lower in women (n = 122 [74%], 205 [182-242] vs. 243 [203-262] nmol/min/ml, p = 0.001). Interestingly, Lp-PLA2 correlated negatively with the asthma severity score (β = -0.15 [-0.23 to -0.07]), being 10.3% higher in those with non-severe (mild or moderate) asthma (n = 101, 62%) as compared to the severe disease subtype (224 [191-261] vs. 203 [181-229], p = 0.006 after adjustment for potential confounders). Lp-PLA2 activity was positively related to the levels of low-density lipoprotein (β = 0.1 [0.02-0.18]), triglycerides (β = 0.11 [0.03-0.19]) and glucose (β = 0.1 [0.02-0.18]) and inversely to the tumor necrosis factor α (β = -0.27 [-0.35 to -0.2]), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (β = -0.1 [-0.19 to -0.02]) and fibrinogen (β = -0.12 [-0.21 to -0.03]), as well as prothrombin (β = -0.16 [-0.24 to -0.08]), and parameters describing thrombin generation potential, such as endogenous thrombin potential (β = -0.14 [-0.21 to -0.06]) and peak thrombin generated (β = -0.2 [-0.28 to -0.12]). CONCLUSIONS Elevated Lp-PLA2 activity in non-severe asthmatics suggests increased atherosclerotic risk in this group. Lower Lp-PLA2 activity accompanied by its inverse relationship to inflammatory or prothrombotic blood biomarkers observed in turn in severe asthmatics might be related to the pathogenesis of more severe asthma phenotype.
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Ntzouvani A, Giannopoulou E, Fragopoulou E, Nomikos T, Antonopoulou S. Energy Intake and Plasma Adiponectin as Potential Determinants of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A 2 Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study. Lipids 2019; 54:629-640. [PMID: 31489677 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2 ) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lp-PLA2 activity is positively associated with male sex, Caucasian race, the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, but it is negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. Associations with other cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammation markers, and lifestyle factors are few or inconsistent. We investigated potential determinants of Lp-PLA2 activity among both nonmodifiable and modifiable CVD risk factors in a middle-aged Greek cohort without overt CVD. Two hundred eighty four subjects (159 men, 53 ± 9 years and 125 women 52 ± 9 years) participated in a cross-sectional study carried out during 2011-2012 in Athens, Attica. Cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammation markers, lifestyle factors, and Lp-PLA2 activity were evaluated with established methods. The American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) criteria were used to define MetS. Lp-PLA2 activity was not associated with MetS, but was associated with MetS components, markers of liver function, and macronutrient intake. Increased total energy intake was associated with increased Lp-PLA2 activity (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.07, 1.01-1.14 and 1.10, 1.03-1.16 for the 4th and 3rd quartiles, respectively, compared to the 1st quartile) after adjustments for sex, pack-years of smoking, LDL-cholesterol, and statin treatment. Adiponectin tended to be inversely associated with Lp-PLA2 activity (0.91, 0.82-1.00, and 4th versus 1st quartile). Our results suggested that total energy intake and adiponectin levels are potential determinants of Lp-PLA2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathi Ntzouvani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Eleftheriou Venizelou 70, Athens, 17671, Greece
| | - Efstathia Giannopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Eleftheriou Venizelou 70, Athens, 17671, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Fragopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Eleftheriou Venizelou 70, Athens, 17671, Greece
| | - Tzortzis Nomikos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Eleftheriou Venizelou 70, Athens, 17671, Greece
| | - Smaragdi Antonopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Eleftheriou Venizelou 70, Athens, 17671, Greece
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Zhu S, Wei X, Yang X, Huang Z, Chang Z, Xie F, Yang Q, Ding C, Xiang W, Yang H, Xia Y, Feng ZP, Sun HS, Yenari MA, Shi L, Mok VC, Wang Q. Plasma Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 and Superoxide Dismutase are Independent Predicators of Cognitive Impairment in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Patients: Diagnosis and Assessment. Aging Dis 2019; 10:834-846. [PMID: 31440388 PMCID: PMC6675532 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are linked to regulating vascular/neuro-inflammation and stroke. Using a retrospective design, we investigated whether circulating Lp-PLA2 and SOD in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) patients were associated with cognitive impairment. Eighty-seven CSVD patients were recruited. Plasma Lp-PLA2 and SOD were determined, and cognitive status was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The severity of white matter hypoerintensities (WMHs) in CSVD patients was rated according to Fazekas scales, and Lp-PLA2/SOD levels and MMSE/MoCA were compared. Multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the relationship between Lp-PLA2 and SOD and the cognitive impairment. Ordinal logistic regression and generalized linear models (OLRGLMs) were applied to confirm whether Lp-PLA2 and SOD are independent risk factors for cognitive impairment in CVSD. Lp-PLA2 and SOD with mild or severe cognitive impairment were lower than those with normal congnition. Lp-PLA2 and SOD in CSVD patients with severe WMHs were significantly lower than those with mild or moderate WMH lesions. We noted positive linear associations of Lp-PLA and SOD with cognitive impairment in CSVD, independent of LDL-C. OLRGLMs confirmed that Lp-PLA2 and SOD were independent risk factors of cognitive impairment in CSVD. Lp-PLA2 and SOD are independently associated with cognitive impairment and WMH lesion, and may be useful for the rapid evaluation of cognitive impairment in CSVD. Lp-PLA2/SOD are modifiable factors that may be considered as therapeutic targets for preventing cognitive impairment in CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fen Xie
- 1Department of Neurology and
| | | | - Changhai Ding
- 2Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.,3Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Wei Xiang
- 4Department of Neurology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- 4Department of Neurology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Xia
- 5Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- 6Department of Physiology and.,7Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Midori A Yenari
- 8Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco & the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, USA
| | - Lin Shi
- 9Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,10BrainNow Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Vincent Ct Mok
- 11Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Sarrafpour S, Ormseth C, Chiang A, Arakaki X, Harrington M, Fonteh A. Lipid Metabolism in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Differs from Patients Presenting with Other Dementia Phenotypes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16111995. [PMID: 31195602 PMCID: PMC6603882 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16111995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of β-amyloid peptides (Aβ42) and Tau and cognitive decline are typical characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Since dysregulation in lipid metabolism accompanies abnormal amyloid formation, we quantified glycerophospholipids (GP) and sphingolipids (SP) in CSF fractions from participants with late-onset AD (LOAD, n = 29) or with Other Dementia (OD, n = 10) to determine if alterations in lipid metabolism account for pathological differences. Aβ42 and total Tau levels were determined using a sandwich ELISA. Liposomal-based fluorescent assays were used to measure phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and acid or neutral sphingomyelinase (aSMase, nSMase) activities. Supernatant fluid (SF) and nanoparticle (NP) lipids were quantified using LC-MS/MS. Although CSF Aβ42 and Tau levels are similar, phosphatidylserine (PS) in SF and ceramide (CM) levels in NP are significantly higher in OD compared with LOAD. The aSMase but not the nSMase activity is higher in OD. PLA2 activity in CSF from OD subjects positively correlates with several GP classes in SF and NP fractions but not in LOAD fractions. Our data indicate differences in CSF lipid metabolism between dementia variants. Higher levels of inflammatory and apoptotic lipids may induce faster neuronal death, resulting in the earlier cognitive decline in patients with OD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syena Sarrafpour
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA.
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Cora Ormseth
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Abby Chiang
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA.
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | | | | | - Alfred Fonteh
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA.
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Abstract
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) has long been referred to as 'good cholesterol' due to its apparent inverse relationship with future CVD risk. More recent research has questioned a causal role for HDL-c in this relationship, however, as both genetic studies and numerous large-scale randomised controlled trials have found no evidence of a cardiovascular protective effect when HDL-c levels are raised. Instead, focus has switched to the functional properties of the HDL particle. Evidence suggests that both the composition and function of HDL may be significantly altered in the context of an inflammatory milieu, transforming the particle from a vasoprotective anti-atherogenic particle to a noxious pro-atherogenic equivalent. This review will summarise evidence relating HDL to CVD risk, explore recent evidence characterising changes in the composition and function of HDL that may occur in chronic inflammatory diseases, and discuss the potential for future HDL-modifying therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Chiesa
- Vascular Physiology Unit, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, 1 St. Martin's Le Grand, London, EC1A 4NP, UK.
| | - Marietta Charakida
- Vascular Physiology Unit, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, 1 St. Martin's Le Grand, London, EC1A 4NP, UK
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
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30
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Relationship between atherosclerosis risks and lipoprotein-dependent phospholipase a2 activity in type 2 diabetic patients. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.440016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Shen Y, Chen L, Yang W, Wang Z. Exploration of serum sensitive biomarkers of fatty liver in dairy cows. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13574. [PMID: 30206404 PMCID: PMC6133919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31845-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum proteins are sensitive with diseases in dairy cows, and some of them could be used as biomarkers for fatty liver. This study aimed to explore serum biomarkers for fatty liver in dairy cows. A total of 28 early lactating dairy cows were chosen from a commercial dairy herds, liver samples were collected for determining concentration of triacylglycerol (TAG), and serum samples were collected for measuring fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), adiponectin, Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LP-PLA2), and hemoglobin (Hb). Dairy cows were divided into fatty liver (liver TAG > 5%, wet weight) and control group (liver TAG < 5%, wet weight). Concentration of FGF-21 was greater in fatty liver cows, while the concentration of LP-PLA2 and Hb was less. The concentration of FGF-21 and total Hb had strong correlation with the liver TAG as well as good prediction power (kappa value = 0.79 and 0.58, respectively). These results suggested that the serum concentration of FGF-21 and total Hb could be potentially used as fatty liver biomarkers in lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhao Shen
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, P.R. China.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Lianmin Chen
- Department of Paediatrics & Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Wenzhu Yang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, P.R. China.
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Liu Z, Li H, Zheng Y, Gao Z, Cong L, Yang L, Zhou Y. Association of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 with the Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Result from the APAC Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10127. [PMID: 29973631 PMCID: PMC6031645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a worldwide chronic liver disease. Few studies have investigated the association between NAFLD and Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), a unique enzyme correlated with oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between Lp-PLA2 and NAFLD in a Chinese community-based cohort. A total of 1587 adults aged ≥40 years were enrolled in the current study. Participants underwent a standardized evaluation. The serum Lp-PLA2 concentration was measured by ELISA and NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between Lp-PLA2 and NAFLD. Increased Lp-PLA2 levels were significantly associated with decreased NAFLD prevalence after adjusting for other potential confounders. The adjusted ORs of NAFLD in Q2, Q3 and Q4 compared with Q1 were 0.88 (0.64–1.21), 0.71 (0.51–0.98) and 0.67 (0.48–0.95), respectively (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the adjusted ORs of moderate and heavy NAFLD in Q2, Q3 and Q4 compared to Q1 were 0.64 (0.41–1.01), 0.48 (0.29–0.80) and 0.47 (0.28–0.79), respectively (P < 0.01). In conclusions, increased Lp-PLA2 levels were independently associated with decreased NAFLD prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongni Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yinghong Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziyu Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liming Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Yong Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Darapladib inhibits atherosclerosis development in type 2 diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat model. Endocr Regul 2018; 52:69-75. [DOI: 10.2478/enr-2018-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. Increase in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level in diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis is related to lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). Lp-PLA2 is an enzyme that produces lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) and oxidized nonesterified fatty acids (oxNEFA). LysoPC regulates inflammation mediators, including intra-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Darapladib is known as a Lp-PLA2 specific inhibitor. The aim of this study was to reveal the effect of darapladib on the foam cell number, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and ICAM-1 expression in aorta at early stages of the atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat model.
Methods. Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 3 main groups: control, rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and T2DM rats treated with darapladib (T2DM-DP). Each group was divided into 2 subgroups according the time of treatment: 8-week and 16-week treatment group. Fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, and lipid profile were measured and analyzed to ensure T2DM model. The foam cells number were detected using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and the expression of iNOS and ICAM-1 was analyzed using double immunofluorescence staining.
Results. Induction of T2DM in male Sprague-Dawley rats after high fat diet and streptozotocin injection was confirmed by elevated levels of total cholesterol and LDL and increased fasting glucose and insulin levels compared to controls after both times of treatment. Moreover, T2DM in rats induced a significant increase (p<0.05) in the foam cells number and iNOS and ICAM-1 expression in aorta compared to controls after both treatment times. Darapladib treatment significantly reduced (p<0.05) foam cells number as well as iNOS expression in aorta in rats with T2DM after both treatment times. A significant decrease (p<0.05) in ICAM-1 expression in aorta was observed after darapladib treatment in rats with T2DM only after 8 weeks of treatment.
Conclusion. Our data indicate that darapladib can decrease the foam cells number, iNOS, and ICAM-1 expression in aorta at the early stages of atherosclerosis in T2DM rat model.
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Garg PK, Bartz TM, Norby FL, Jorgensen NW, McClelland RL, Ballantyne CM, Chen LY, Gottdiener JS, Greenland P, Hoogeveen R, Jenny NS, Kizer JR, Rosenson RS, Soliman EZ, Cushman M, Alonso A, Heckbert SR. Association of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 and risk of incident atrial fibrillation: Findings from 3 cohorts. Am Heart J 2018; 197:62-69. [PMID: 29447785 PMCID: PMC5860682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple prospective studies have established an association between inflammation and higher risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), but the association between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) mass and activity and incident AF has not been extensively evaluated. METHODS Using data from 10,794 Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study participants aged 53-75 years, 5,181 Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) participants aged 65 to 100 years, and 5,425 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants aged 45-84 years, we investigated the association between baseline Lp-PLA2 levels and the risk of developing AF. Incident AF was identified in each cohort by follow-up visit electrocardiograms, hospital discharge coding of AF, or Medicare claims data. RESULTS Over a mean of 13.1, 11.5, and 10.0 years of follow-up, 1,439 (13%), 2,084 (40%), and 615 (11%) incident AF events occurred in ARIC, CHS, and MESA, respectively. In adjusted analyses, each SD increment in Lp-PLA2 activity was associated with incident AF in both ARIC (hazard ratio [HR] 1.13, 95% CI 1.06-1.20) and MESA (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.05-1.46). Each SD increment in Lp-PLA2 mass was also associated with incident AF in MESA (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.11-1.41). No significant associations were observed among CHS participants. CONCLUSIONS Although higher Lp-PLA2 mass and activity were associated with development of AF in ARIC and MESA, this relationship was not observed in CHS, a cohort of older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen K Garg
- Division of Cardiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Faye L Norby
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Neal W Jorgensen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Christie M Ballantyne
- Section of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; The Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lin Y Chen
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - John S Gottdiener
- Division of Cardiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Philip Greenland
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Ron Hoogeveen
- Section of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; The Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart Center, Houston, TX
| | - Nancy S Jenny
- Department of Pathology, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Robert S Rosenson
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine, Section on Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Pathology, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Larsen SB, Grove EL, Würtz M, Neergaard-Petersen S, Hvas AM, Kristensen SD. The influence of low-grade inflammation on platelets in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Thromb Haemost 2017; 114:519-29. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-12-1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SummaryInflammation is likely to be involved in all stages of atherosclerosis. Numerous inflammatory biomarkers are currently being studied, and even subtle increases in inflammatory biomarkers have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Low-grade inflammation may influence both platelet production and platelet activation potentially leading to enhanced platelet aggregation. Thrombopoietin is considered the primary regulator of platelet production, but it likely acts in conjunction with numerous cytokines, of which many have altered levels in CAD. Previous studies have shown that high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP) independently predicts increased platelet aggregation in stable CAD patients. Increased levels of CRP, fibrinogen, interleukin-6, stromal cell-derived factor-1, CXC motif ligand 16, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, RANTES, calprotectin, and copeptin have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events in CAD patients. Additionally, some of these inflammatory markers have been associated with enhanced platelet activation and aggregation. However, CRP and other inflammatory markers provide only limited additional predictive value to classical risk factors such as smoking, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. Existing data do not clarify whether inflammation simply accompanies CAD and increased production and aggregation of platelets, or whether a causal relationship exists. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of inflammatory markers in stable CAD with particular emphasis on platelet production, activation, and aggregation in CAD patients.
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Schliefsteiner C, Hirschmugl B, Kopp S, Curcic S, Bernhart EM, Marsche G, Lang U, Desoye G, Wadsack C. Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus increases placental and foetal lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 which might exert protective functions against oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12628. [PMID: 28974763 PMCID: PMC5626711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2) has been associated with inflammatory pathologies, including Type 2 Diabetes. Studies on LpPLA2 and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) are rare, and have focused mostly on maternal outcome. In the present study, we investigated whether LpPLA2 activity on foetal lipoproteins is altered by maternal GDM and/or obesity (a major risk factor for GDM), thereby contributing to changes in lipoprotein functionality. We identified HDL as the major carrier of LpPLA2 activity in the foetus, which is in contrast to adults. We observed marked expression of LpPLA2 in placental macrophages (Hofbauer cells; HBCs) and found that LpPLA2 activity in these cells was increased by insulin, leptin, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These regulators were also increased in plasma of children born from GDM pregnancies. Our results suggest that insulin, leptin, and pro-inflammatory cytokines are positive regulators of LpPLA2 activity in the foeto-placental unit. Of particular interest, functional assays using a specific LpPLA2 inhibitor suggest that high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated LpPLA2 exerts anti-oxidative, athero-protective functions on placental endothelium and foetus. Our results therefore raise the possibility that foetal HDL-associated LpPLA2 might act as an anti-inflammatory enzyme improving vascular barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Birgit Hirschmugl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Kopp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sanja Curcic
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Maria Bernhart
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Uwe Lang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 Is Associated with Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12311. [PMID: 28951620 PMCID: PMC5615059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a low-grade chronic inflammatory diseases, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cognitive decline. We aim to evaluate associations between inflammatory markers and the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in T2DM. This study of 140 diabetic patients involved 71 with MCI and 69 controls. Clinical parameters, neuropsychological tests, high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) mass and activity were measured. The results showed significantly higher plasma hsCRP, IL-6, Lp-PLA2 mass and activity in MCI group compared to controls. In T2DM with MCI, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score was positively correlated with education level and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), but inversely correlated with age, glycosylated hemoglobin, intima-media thickness (IMT), hsCRP, IL-6, and Lp-PLA2 mass and activity. Correlation analysis showed that both plasma Lp-PLA2 mass and activity were positively correlated with total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and IMT but negatively associated with MoCA score. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated higher hsCRP, Lp-PLA2 mass, Lp-PLA2 activity, and lower HDL-c to be independent risk factors increasing the possibility of MCI in T2DM. In conclusion, plasma Lp-PLA2 and hsCRP were found to be associated with the risk of MCI among T2DM patients.
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Han L, Zhong C, Bu X, Xu T, Wang A, Peng Y, Xu T, Wang J, Peng H, Li Q, Ju Z, Geng D, Zhang Y, He J. Prognostic value of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 mass for all-cause mortality and vascular events within one year after acute ischemic stroke. Atherosclerosis 2017; 266:1-7. [PMID: 28934604 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We performed a prospective investigation of the longer-term prognostic value of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) mass for all-cause mortality and vascular events within one year after acute ischemic stroke. METHODS We examined the Lp-PLA2 mass among 3401 participants enrolled in the China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were constructed to assess the independent associations between the baseline Lp-PLA2 mass and the outcomes after adjustment for variables in models 1, 2, and 3 [further adjusted for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)]. RESULTS Overall, 3278 patients completed the follow-up, during which, 188 all-cause death events occurred. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the cumulative incidence rate of all-cause mortality increased across quartiles of Lp-PLA2 mass (log-rank p = 0.018). Compared with the lowest quartile of Lp-PLA2, the HRs (95% CIs) for the highest quartile of Lp-PLA2 were 1.89 (1.22-2.91), 2.16 (1.31-3.55), and 2.17 (1.32-3.58) for all-cause mortality after adjusting for the covariables in models 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In addition, patients in the highest quartile of Lp-PLA2 mass coupled with higher LDL-C had significantly highest risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.05 to 3.11; p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS The elevated Lp-PLA2 mass was associated with all cause-death independently of other risk factors within one year after acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Han
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chongke Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Bu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aili Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanbo Peng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinchao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Yutian County Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qunwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Taishan Medical College, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Zhong Ju
- Department of Neurology, Kerqin District First People's Hospital of Tongliao City, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Deqing Geng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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De Stefano A, Mannucci L, Massoud R, Bernardini S, Cortese C. Performance characteristics of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity assay on the Dimension Vista analyser and preliminary study of a healthy Italian population. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2017; 27:030701. [PMID: 28900364 PMCID: PMC5575650 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2017.030701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is a marker of vascular inflammation associated with coronary heart disease and stroke. We evaluated analytical performance of the PLAC® Activity Test on Siemens Dimension Vista® 1500 analyzer and measured Lp-PLA2 activity in Italian adults to establish reference intervals (RIs) and evaluate correlation with circulating lipids and age. Materials and methods The evaluation protocol consisted of precision, linearity, sensitivity, method comparison, substrate depletion (“hook”) effect and interference assessment. Inhibitor (Darapladib) effect was also evaluated. Lp-PLA2 activity was measured in 250 healthy donors (123 males, 127 females, aged 18-70 years). Central 95% RIs were established using nonparametric statistics. Results Intra-assay and inter-assay precision showed CVs of 0.6% - 1.4% and 0.9% - 2.0%, respectively. Linearity replicates showed R2 > 0.98. Limit of quantitation was 5.8 U/L (CV = 9.4%). Bland Altman plot showed bias - 0.9, 95% limits of agreement -6.5 - 4.72. Passing-Bablok regression showed excellent correlation (Slope = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.03; Intercept = - 1.86, 95% CI: - 3.08 to - 1.26; R2 = 0.999). No “hook effect” was observed at Lp-PLA2 activities ≤ 1000 U/L. Average Lp-PLA2 activity in 250 healthy donors was 182 ± 44 U/L (mean ± SD). Males showed statistically significant higher activities than females (P < 0.001). RIs were 107 - 265 U/L for males and 84 - 225 U/L for females. Moderate significant correlation (r = 0.29, P < 0.001) was found between Lp-PLA2 activity and total cholesterol. Conclusions The PLAC® Activity Test shows very good performance characteristics on Dimension Vista® 1500.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro De Stefano
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Liliana Mannucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Massoud
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Cortese
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Hermans N, Van der Auwera A, Breynaert A, Verlaet A, De Bruyne T, Van Gaal L, Pieters L, Verhoeven V. A red yeast rice-olive extract supplement reduces biomarkers of oxidative stress, OxLDL and Lp-PLA 2, in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:302. [PMID: 28673363 PMCID: PMC5496259 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-2058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to clustered cardiovascular risk factors (abdominal obesity, pre-diabetes, high blood pressure, dyslipidaemia). Therapies targeting oxidative stress may delay progression to atherosclerosis and diabetes. We investigated the anti-oxidative effect of a supplement combining red yeast rice and olive extract in patients with MetS. METHODS A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial was conducted with 50 patients with MetS as defined by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Forty-nine subjects randomly assigned to red yeast rice-olive extract (RYR-olive extract; 10.82 mg of monacolins and 9.32 mg of hydroxytyrosol per Cholesfytolplus capsule) or placebo completed the 8-week trial. Whereas effects on cardiovascular risk parameters of MetS have been reported recently, the observed significant 20% increase in oxidised low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) prompted us to investigate other oxidative stress-related parameters: malondialdehyde (MDA), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Statistical calculations included univariate quantitative analysis, multivariate linear regression and correlation analysis. RESULTS The updated results indicate that an RYR-olive extract supplement significantly reduced Lp-PLA2 by 7% (p < 0.001), but it failed to show a significant decrease in plasma MDA and 8-OHdG (p > 0.05). Reductions in OxLDL (20%) and Lp-PLA2 (7%) were associated with each other (r = 0.740, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS RYR-olive extract significantly reduced Lp-PLA2 in correlation with the marked reduction in plasma OxLDL, which may lead to a reduced risk for cardiovascular disease in patients with MetS. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02065180 . Registered on 13 February 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hermans
- Natural Products and Food - Research & Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Anastasia Van der Auwera
- Natural Products and Food - Research & Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annelies Breynaert
- Natural Products and Food - Research & Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annelies Verlaet
- Natural Products and Food - Research & Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tess De Bruyne
- Natural Products and Food - Research & Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Gaal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products and Food - Research & Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Veronique Verhoeven
- The academic centre for primary and interdisciplinary care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, Belgium
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Li D, Wei W, Ran X, Yu J, Li H, Zhao L, Zeng H, Cao Y, Zeng Z, Wan Z. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and risks of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 471:38-45. [PMID: 28514697 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the associations between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and the risks of coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic stroke (IS) in the general population. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for prospective cohort studies published prior to June 2016. Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CHD and IS risks according to Lp-PLA2 activity or mass were extracted, pooled, and weighted using random-effects modeling. RESULTS Twelve studies examining Lp-PLA2 activity or mass and long-term risks of CHD and IS were included. Combined HRs for CHD and IS risks for the highest category referring to lowest category of Lp-PLA2 were 1.46 (95% CI: 1.20-1.78, P<0.001) and 1.58 (95% CI: 1.21-2.07, P=0.001), respectively. The same patterns were observed for both mass and activity, with the exception of those for CHD. For every 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in Lp-PLA2 activity, CHD risk increased by 12% (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05-1.22, P=0.002); no association between 1-SD increases in Lp-PLA2 activity and IS was observed. Lp-PLA2 mass was associated with CHD risk (HR: 1.02-1.24, 95% CI: 1.02-1.24, P=0.021). Lp-PLA2 mass per 1-SD increase was not associated with IS risk. CONCLUSIONS Greater Lp-PLA2 activity or mass was associated with an increased risk of CHD and IS; however, additional well-designed trials are warranted to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongze Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Ran
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lizhi Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Honglian Zeng
- Department of Geriatric, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi Wan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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HUCMNCs protect vascular endothelium and prevent ISR after endovascular interventional therapy for vascular diseases in T2DM rabbits. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 433:161-167. [PMID: 28474283 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of transplantation of human umbilical cord blood cell-derived mononuclear cells (HUCMNCs) on treating in-stent restenosis (ISR) after endovascular interventional therapy (EIT) was evaluated in preclinical rabbit model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related peripheral artery disease (PAD). HUCMNCs were transplanted to T2DM rabbits subjected to femoral artery occlusion surgery and received EIT. Serum concentration of soluble vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cad) and plasma concentration of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after the transplantation. The injury and the recovery of right femoral artery at stenting site were evaluated with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining. HUCMNCs purified from umbilical cord blood were 100% CD45+ and 96.5% CD34- with round or oval morphology and adherent growth pattern. The soluble VE-cad and Lp-PLA2 were significantly attenuated after HUCMNC transplantation. The intimal area and the ratio between intimal area and medium film area in the dilated occlusion site were also dramatically decreased 4 weeks after receiving HUCMNCs. HUCMNC transplantation is effective in protecting vascular endothelial function and preventing ISR after EIT in T2DM rabbits suffering from PAD.
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Yang L, Cong HL, Wang SF, Liu T. AMP-activated protein kinase mediates the effects of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 on endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1622-1629. [PMID: 28413519 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) on endothelial dysfunction in an in vitro cell model of atherosclerosis, and to determine whether AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mediates the effects of Lp-PLA2 on endothelial dysfunction. A total of 392 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), including various sub-conditions, were recruited, and the plasma concentrations of Lp-PLA2 were evaluated. In addition, an in vitro model of atherosclerosis was established by exposing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). SB-435495 was used to inhibit Lp-PLA2, and compound C was used to suppress AMPK expression. Lp-PLA2, AMPKα and phosphorylated-AMPKα (T172) expression in HUVECs were evaluated using western blot analysis. The concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), endothelin 1 (ET-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) in cell culture supernatant were determined using commercially available ELISA kits. MTT assays were employed to indicate changes in cell viability. The current study found the plasma Lp-PLA2 levels were elevated in the CAD patients with stable angina pectoris, unstable angina pectoris, acute coronary syndromes and acute myocardial infarction, compared with a healthy control population. In addition, the in vitro results showed that Lp-PLA2 expression levels were elevated in oxLDL-exposed HUVECs. Lp-PLA2 suppression could increase cell viability, induce the production of NO and decrease the secretion of ET-1, in addition to suppressing the expression of cell adhesion molecules, including ICAM-1 and PECAM-1 in oxLDL-exposed HUVECs. The expression of AMPKα and phosphorylated-AMPKα (T172) was regulated by Lp-PLA2, and AMPK suppression was able to reverse the effects of Lp-PLA2 with regard to cell viability, endothelial vasorelaxation capacity and the secretion of adhesion molecules in oxLDL-exposed HUVECs. In conclusion, the present study provides initial evidence that Lp-PLA2 is able to cause endothelial dysfunction in an in vitro model of atherosclerosis, and the effects of Lp-PLA2 on endothelial dysfunction was at least partially a result of the downregulation of AMPKα, thus contributing to the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Liang Cong
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Ting Liu
- Tianjin Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
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Li D, Zhao L, Yu J, Zhang W, Du R, Liu X, Liu Y, Chen Y, Zeng R, Cao Y, Zeng Z, Zhao Z, Wu J. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in coronary heart disease: Review and meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 465:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Val279Phe variant of Lp-PLA2 is a risk factor for a subpopulation of Indonesia patients with acute myocardial infarction. Genes Dis 2016; 3:289-293. [PMID: 30258899 PMCID: PMC6147166 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), a member of the phospholipase A2 superfamily, is an enzyme that hydrolyses phospholipids, is found in blood circulation as a sign of inflammation, and takes a role in atherogenesis. There is an epidemiologic relation between increased Lp-PLA2 levels and coronary heart disease. Lp-PLA2 is an enzyme that is produced by macrophages and takes a role as an independent predictor of a coronary event. A genetic variant of Val279Phe on the Lp-PLA2 gene has been reported with various results in Japan, China, Korea, and Caucasian populations. This study aims to analyse the influence of the Val279Phe genetic variant on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at Saiful Anwar Hospital, Indonesia. This study was conducted on 151 patients (111 AMI patients and 40 non-AMI patients). The genetic variant of Val279Phe was identified through a genotyping method. There were no significant differences in age, total cholesterol level, LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) level, and family history data between AMI and non-AMI patients. However, AMI patients had low HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), triglyceride levels, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension risk factors compared to non-AMI patients. The frequency of the GG genotype (279Val) was dominant in both AMI and non-AMI groups. Further analysis suggested that the GG genotype has a 2.9 times greater risk of AMI compared to the GT/TT genotype (279Phe). This study concluded that the Val279Phe genetic variant undoubtedly influenced AMI risk, which is a warrant for further development of early detection and improving strategy to prevent AMI in patients.
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Felley L, Gumperz JE. Are human iNKT cells keeping tabs on lipidome perturbations triggered by oxidative stress in the blood? Immunogenetics 2016; 68:611-22. [PMID: 27393663 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-016-0936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The central paradigm of conventional MHC-restricted T cells is that they respond specifically to foreign peptides, while displaying tolerance to self-antigens. In contrast, it is now becoming clear that a number of innate-like T cell subsets-CD1-restricted T cells, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, and MAIT cells-may operate by different rules: rather than focusing on the recognition of specific foreign antigens, these T cells all appear to respond to alterations to lipid-related pathways. By monitoring perturbations to the "lipidome," these T cells may be able to spring into action to deal with physiological situations that are of self as well as microbial origin. iNKT cells are a prime example of this type of lipidome-reactive T cell. As a result of their activation by self lyso-phospholipid species that are generated downstream of blood lipid oxidation, human iNKT cells in the vasculature may respond sensitively to a variety of oxidative stresses. Some of the cytokines produced by activated iNKT cells have angiogenic effects (e.g., GM-CSF, IL-8), whereas others (e.g., IFN-γ) are pro-inflammatory factors that can propagate vascular pathology by influencing the functions of macrophages and dendritic cells. Consistent with this, evidence is accumulating that iNKT cells contribute to atherosclerosis, which is one of the most common inflammatory pathologies, and one that is integrally related to characteristics of the lipidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Felley
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jenny E Gumperz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) as a therapeutic target to prevent retinal vasopermeability during diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:7213-8. [PMID: 27298369 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1514213113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) hydrolyses oxidized low-density lipoproteins into proinflammatory products, which can have detrimental effects on vascular function. As a specific inhibitor of Lp-PLA2, darapladib has been shown to be protective against atherogenesis and vascular leakage in diabetic and hypercholesterolemic animal models. This study has investigated whether Lp-PLA2 and its major enzymatic product, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), are involved in blood-retinal barrier (BRB) damage during diabetic retinopathy. We assessed BRB protection in diabetic rats through use of species-specific analogs of darapladib. Systemic Lp-PLA2 inhibition using SB-435495 at 10 mg/kg (i.p.) effectively suppressed BRB breakdown in streptozotocin-diabetic Brown Norway rats. This inhibitory effect was comparable to intravitreal VEGF neutralization, and the protection against BRB dysfunction was additive when both targets were inhibited simultaneously. Mechanistic studies in primary brain and retinal microvascular endothelial cells, as well as occluded rat pial microvessels, showed that luminal but not abluminal LPC potently induced permeability, and that this required signaling by the VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Taken together, this study demonstrates that Lp-PLA2 inhibition can effectively prevent diabetes-mediated BRB dysfunction and that LPC impacts on the retinal vascular endothelium to induce vasopermeability via VEGFR2. Thus, Lp-PLA2 may be a useful therapeutic target for patients with diabetic macular edema (DME), perhaps in combination with currently administered anti-VEGF agents.
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Besenboeck C, Cvitic S, Lang U, Desoye G, Wadsack C. Going into labor and beyond: phospholipase A2 in pregnancy. Reproduction 2016; 151:R91-R102. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe phospholipase A2(PLA2) family is a very diverse group of enzymes, all serving in the cleavage of phospholipids, thereby releasing high amounts of arachidonic acid (AA) and lysophospholipids. AA serves as a substrate for prostaglandin production, which is of special importance in pregnancy for the onset of parturition. Novel research demonstrates that PLA2action affects the immune response of the mother toward the child and is therefore probably implied in the tolerance of the fetus and prevention of miscarriage. This review presents data on the biochemical and enzymatic properties of PLA2during gestation with a special emphasis on its role for the placental function and development of the fetus. We also critically discuss the possible pathophysiological significance of PLA2alterations and its possible functional consequences. These alterations are often associated with pregnancy pathologies such as preeclampsia and villitis or pregnancy complications such as obesity and diabetes in the mother as well as preterm onset of labor.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The total burden of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis is significant in young adults. Serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is an established predictor of morbidity and mortality because of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the relationship between subclinical coronary atherosclerosis and serum Lp-PLA2 concentrations in a population of young adults. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 261 individuals younger than 45 years of age who had undergone coronary computed tomography angiography were evaluated. The study group included 101 patients in whom coronary computed tomography angiography detected subclinical coronary atherosclerosis; the control group included 160 sex-matched and age-matched healthy control patients. RESULTS Serum Lp-PLA2 levels were increased significantly in the study group patients compared with the control patients (15.42±11.88 vs. 8.06±4.32 ng/ml, P<0.001). Furthermore, a positive correlation was identified between the Lp-PLA2 levels and the total number of plaques and diseased arteries (r=0.495, P<0.001, and r=0.621, P<0.001, respectively). The presence of mixed plaque composition was also correlated with the Lp-PLA2 levels (r=0.657, P<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis identified four independently significant predictors of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, tobacco use, uric acid levels, and serum Lp-PLA2 levels. CONCLUSION The presence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis is associated independently with Lp-PLA2, and it has potential utility as a novel indicator of cardiovascular disease risk in the young adult population.
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Korth RM. LDL-Related Intolerance to Glucose, Diastolic Hypertension and Additive Effects of Smoking Were Found with Three Female Study Groups. Health (London) 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2016.83026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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