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Gao Y, Li Q, Yang L, Zhao H, Wang D, Pesola AJ. Causal Association Between Sedentary Behaviors and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mendelian Randomization Studies. Sports Med 2024:10.1007/s40279-024-02090-5. [PMID: 39218828 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different types of sedentary behavior are associated with several health outcomes, but the causality of these associations remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization (MR) studies investigating the associations between sedentary behaviors and health outcomes. METHODS A systematic search on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO up to August 2023 was conducted to identify eligible MR studies. We selected studies that assessed associations of genetically determined sedentary behaviors and health outcomes. A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the causal associations when two or more MR studies were available. We graded the evidence level of each MR association based on the results of the main method and sensitivity analyses in MR studies. RESULTS A total of 31 studies with 168 MR associations between six types of sedentary behavior and 47 health outcomes were included. Results from meta-analyses suggested a total of 47 significant causal associations between sedentary behaviors and health outcomes. Notably, more leisure TV watching is robustly correlated with increased risks of myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, all-cause ischemic stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Conversely, robust inverse associations were observed between leisure computer use and risks of rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that different types of sedentary behavior have distinct causal effects on health outcomes. Therefore, interventions should focus not only on reducing sedentary time but also on promoting healthier types of sedentary behavior. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42023453828.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingyang Li
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luyao Yang
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanhua Zhao
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Arto J Pesola
- Active Life Lab, South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Mikkeli, Finland
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Basuodan RM, Gmmash A, Alghadier M, Albesher RA. Relationship between Pain, Physical Activity, Screen Time and Age among Young Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1635. [PMID: 39201193 PMCID: PMC11353332 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12161635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries implemented restrictions, social distancing measures, and lockdowns to limit the spread of the disease. These lockdowns have affected children's screen time (ST), pain, and physical activity (PA) levels. The present study aimed to explore the relationships between ST, pain, age, and PA before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The caregivers of 329 children (median age = 8 years) filled out an online self-reported survey about the children's PA, ST, and pain before, during, and after the COVID-19 curfew. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to explore the associations between these variables. RESULTS After the curfew, pain that existed before the pandemic had a weak negative relationship with PA intensity (-0.11, p = 0.04) and a weak positive relationship with ST (r = +0.12, p = 0.04). There was a strong positive relationship between ST in all time periods (p > 0.01). PA and ST had a weak negative relationship (p > 0.05) during the curfew and after the curfew but not before the COVID-19 pandemic. Age had a weak positive correlation with ST in all time periods (p > 0.01). In addition, ST was affected by the curfew. CONCLUSION The study findings indicated that young children had longer ST during the curfew and after the curfew compared with before the curfew. Increasing PA could lessen children's ST, which could, in turn, increase the probability that their general pain would decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem M. Basuodan
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Afnan Gmmash
- Department of Physical Therapy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mshari Alghadier
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 16278, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reem A. Albesher
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
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Neville RD, Hopkins WG, McArthur BA, Draper CE, Madigan S. Associations Between Changes in 24-Hour Movement Behaviors in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Mediation-Based Meta-Analysis. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:323-332. [PMID: 38194951 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although 24-hour movement behaviors are known to be interconnected, limited knowledge exists about whether change in one behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic (eg, increased screen time) was associated with change in another (eg, reduced physical activity or sleep). This review estimates mediational associations between changes in children's physical activity, screen time, and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We included studies published between January 1, 2020 and June 27, 2022, in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases. Summary data were extracted from included studies and analyzed with random-effects meta-regression. RESULTS This review included 26 studies representing 18,959 children across 18 mid-high-income countries (53% male; mean age, 11.5 [2.9] y). There was very good evidence of decreased total daily physical activity (factor change, 0.62; 90% CI, 0.47-0.81) and strong evidence of increased screen time (1.56; 90% CI, 1.38-1.77). There was very good evidence of decreased moderate to vigorous physical activity (0.75; 90% CI, 0.62-0.90) and weak evidence of increased sleep (1.02; 90% CI, 1.00-1.04). Mediational analysis revealed strong evidence that most of the reduction in total daily physical activity from before, to during, the pandemic was associated with increased screen time (0.53; 90% CI, 0.42-0.67). We observed no further mediational associations. CONCLUSION Increased reliance on and use of screen-based devices during the COVID-19 pandemic can be linked with reduced child and adolescent physical activity. This finding links COVID-related restrictions to potential displacement effects within child and adolescent 24-hour movement behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D Neville
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William G Hopkins
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brae Anne McArthur
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AL, Canada
| | - Catherine E Draper
- South African Medical Research Council Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AL, Canada
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Tiraboschi GA, Garon-Carrier G, Smith J, Fitzpatrick C. Adolescent internet use predicts higher levels of generalized and social anxiety symptoms for girls but not boys. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102471. [PMID: 37881178 PMCID: PMC10594560 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Past research suggests that internet use can increase the risks of internalizing symptoms in adolescents. However, bidirectional relationships between adolescent internet use and anxiety symptoms have received very little attention. Furthermore, few studies have examined these links according to sex. The present study attempts to fill this gap by investigating longitudinal associations between Canadian boys' and girls' internet use and symptoms of generalized anxiety and social anxiety using data from the Quebec longitudinal Study of Child Development. A sample of 1324 adolescents (698 girls, 626 boys) self-reported the number of hours per week they spent on the internet and their symptoms of generalized and social anxiety at ages 15 and 17. We estimated two cross-lagged panel models with social or generalized anxiety symptoms and internet use at age 15 predicting those same variables at age 17. Sex was used as a grouping variable and socioeconomic status was included as a control variable. Internet use at 15 predicted generalized and social anxiety symptoms at age 17 in girls, but not boys. Social and generalized anxiety symptoms at age 15 did not predict internet use at age 17 for both boys and girls. These results suggest that internet use can be a significant risk factor for the development of anxiety symptoms in adolescent girls. Girls may be more vulnerable to the negative effects of internet use due to increased sensitivity to social comparisons. Thus, helping girls develop healthier internet use habits should be a target for promoting their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A. Tiraboschi
- Department d’enseignement au préscolaire et au primaire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Bd de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- Département de psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Bd de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Garon-Carrier
- Département de psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Bd de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Jonathan Smith
- Department d’enseignement au préscolaire et au primaire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Bd de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Caroline Fitzpatrick
- Department d’enseignement au préscolaire et au primaire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Bd de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
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Stingl-Zúñiga I, Farías-Valenzuela C, Ferrero-Hernández P, Marques A, Rezende LFM, Castillo-Paredes A, Cristi-Montero C, Sadarangani KP, Ferrari G. All-cause mortality attributable to sitting time and physical inactivity in chilean adults. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1507. [PMID: 37559052 PMCID: PMC10410772 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on all-cause mortality attributable to joint sitting time and physical inactivity is lacking. In this study, we estimated the proportion and number of deaths attributable to sitting time and physical inactivity in Chilean adults. METHODS A sample of 5834 adults aged 20-96 years from a 2016-2017 Chilean National Health Survey was included to describe the prevalence of 16 joint categories of sitting time and physical activity. Relative risks for the joint association of sitting time and physical inactivity were obtained from a meta-analysis of individual participant data. We retrieved the number of deaths in adults ≥ 20 years in 2019 from the Chilean Ministry of Health. RESULTS Participants with high sitting time (> 8 h/day) and low physical activity (< 2.5 MET-hour/week) were more likely to be women, 20-64 years, non-indigenous ethnicity, lived in the urban areas, had middle education level and monthly household income, and had public health insurance. Reducing sitting time and increasing physical activity to a theoretical minimum risk exposure level could prevent up to 11,470 deaths or 10.4% of all deaths. Increasing physical activity to >35.5 MET-hour/week and maintaining sitting time could prevent approximately 10,477 deaths or 9.5% of all deaths. Reducing sitting time to < 4 h/day and maintaining physical activity would not reduce the number of deaths (-3.4% or 38 deaths). CONCLUSION Reducing sitting time may be ancillary for preventing mortality. Therefore, increasing physical activity should be the primary focus of interventions and policies in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Stingl-Zúñiga
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Farías-Valenzuela
- Facultad de Ciencias Para El Cuidado de La Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, 7510157, Providencia, Chile
| | - Paloma Ferrero-Hernández
- Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 8900000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, ISAMB, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leandro F M Rezende
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Castillo-Paredes
- Grupo AFySE, Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, 8370040, Chile
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Kabir P Sadarangani
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud Y Odontología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Santiago, Chile.
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Kim G, Jeong H, Yim HW. Associations between digital media use and lack of physical exercise among middle-school adolescents in Korea. Epidemiol Health 2023; 45:e2023012. [PMID: 36652903 PMCID: PMC10581895 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2023012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The reported effects of digital media overuse on physical activity among adolescents are inconsistent. This study examined the association between hours of digital media use and lack of moderate-intensity physical exercise (mPE) according to the type of digital media. METHODS This study included 1,837 middle school students from the iCURE (Internet user Cohort for Unbiased Recognition of gaming disorder in Early Adolescence) study conducted in Korea. Hours spent using digital media were measured by self-reported daily usage time for Internet games, messengers, social media, and watching game streaming on weekdays. Lack of mPE was defined as performing a minimum of 30 minutes at a time less than twice weekly. Multivariable logistic regression analysis stratified by sex was performed. RESULTS Among male students, the group with the highest hours of using either Internet games or watching game streaming was more likely to lack mPE than each non-user group. In contrast, among male students, the group using either messengers or social media had a higher rate of mPE compared to each non-user group. Female students showed no association between hours spent using Internet games, messengers, social media, or watching game streaming and a lack of mPE. CONCLUSIONS Among male middle school students in Korea, the excessive use of Internet games or watching game streaming was associated with a lack of mPE. Thus, guidelines should be established regarding adolescent use of internet games and watching game streaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongmin Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunsuk Jeong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Woo Yim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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7
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Kontostoli E, Jones AP, Pearson N, Foley L, Biddle SJH, Atkin AJ. The Association of Contemporary Screen Behaviours with Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Sleep in Adolescents: a Cross-sectional Analysis of the Millennium Cohort Study. Int J Behav Med 2023; 30:122-132. [PMID: 35275347 PMCID: PMC9879798 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screen behaviours are highly prevalent in adolescents and may be adversely associated with physical and mental health. Understanding how screen behaviours inter-relate with physical activity and sleep may help to clarify pathways through which they impact health and potential routes to behaviour change. This cross-sectional study examines the association of contemporary screen behaviours with physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep in adolescents. METHOD Data are from sweep 6 (2015/2016) of the Millennium Cohort Study, conducted when participants were aged 14 years. Outcome variables were accelerometer-assessed overall physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), self-reported sedentary behaviour and sleep duration. Screen behaviours were assessed using a 24-h time-use diary. Multivariable regression was used to examine the association between screen behaviours and each outcome variable separately for weekdays and weekend days. RESULTS The use of social network sites was associated with (beta coefficient, 95% confidence interval (CI); minutes/day) less time in MVPA (weekdays: - 5.2 (- 10.3, - 0.04); weekend: - 10.0 (- 15.5, - 4.5)), and sedentary behaviours (weekdays: - 19.8 (- 31.0, - 8.6); weekend: - 17.5 (- 30.9, - 4.1)). All screen behaviours were associated with shorter sleep duration on weekdays, whereas only the use of email/texts and social network sites was associated with shorter sleep duration on weekend days. The association of using social network sites with overall physical activity was stronger in girls than in boys; the association of internet browsing with sedentary behaviour was stronger in boys than in girls. CONCLUSION Intervention strategies to enhance MVPA and sleep duration by limiting screen-based activities may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli Kontostoli
- grid.8273.e0000 0001 1092 7967School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Andy P. Jones
- grid.8273.e0000 0001 1092 7967Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Natalie Pearson
- grid.6571.50000 0004 1936 8542School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Louise Foley
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Diet and Activity Research at the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stuart J. H. Biddle
- grid.1048.d0000 0004 0473 0844Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Atkin
- grid.8273.e0000 0001 1092 7967School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK ,grid.8273.e0000 0001 1092 7967Norwich Epidemiology Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Physical Activity and Screen Viewing Behaviors Among Children Aged 6-9 Years During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:402-410. [PMID: 36889326 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in many restrictions worldwide, including lockdowns and school closures. This may have prevented children from meeting the recommended physical activity (PA) levels and screen time. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the pandemic on school-age children's PA and screen time in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study where caregivers of children aged 6-9 years living in Saudi Arabia were recruited through convenience sampling to fill out an online survey between July and August 2020. The survey covered demographic information, PAs, and screen time across 3 periods: pre-COVID-19 pandemic, during the COVID-19 lockdown, and the last 7 days preceding the survey during the pandemic where social distancing applied, but no lockdown. RESULTS A total of 339 caregivers completed the online survey about their children. The number of active children slightly increased during the lockdown (9.7%) than before COVID-19 and the last days (5.8%); however, the average reported days of PA during the pandemic were fewer than before. The findings indicated that all 3 types of screen time (watch time, screenplay, and device time) were longer during the pandemic (mean [SD]: 9.5 [5.5]) than before the COVID-19 (mean [SD]: 5.8 [5.1]). CONCLUSION While the proportion of active children had increased during the lockdown, the COVID-19 pandemic, the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted PA days and screen time in school-age children. School-age children in Saudi Arabia were already far from meeting global guidelines even before the pandemic, highlighting this population's need for healthy lifestyle promotion.
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Salmensalo M, Ruotsalainen H, Hylkilä K, Kääriäinen M, Konttila J, Männistö M, Männikkö N. Associations between digital gaming behavior and physical activity among Finnish vocational students. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-022-01788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Digital gaming is considered to be a major sedentary lifestyle among youth. The time spent on digital gaming may also affect the physical behavior of young adults.
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the associations between various characteristics of digital gaming behavior (i.e., gaming time, device, and game type) and participation in physical activity among Finnish vocational students.
Materials and methods
The research employed a cross-sectional survey design. The analyzed sample consisted of 773 students (455 males, 318 females) from eight vocational school units in Northern Finland who regularly played digital games. Data were collected via an online self-reported questionnaire, which included questions concerning average weekly time spent on digital gaming, preferred device, favorite types of games, and physical activity.
Results
The students spent an average of two hours each day playing digital games. Males preferred to play using personal computers (PCs), whereas mobile gaming was more popular among females. Shooter (42.4%) and entertainment (64.2%) games were the most popular game types among males and females, respectively. The results revealed that male gender and PC gaming were both positively related to physical inactivity among vocational school students. A preference toward sport games was inversely related with physical inactivity.
Conclusion
The presented findings can be utilized to develop interventions that target the prevention of sedentary behavior among vocational students. Further longitudinal studies will be required to reliably assess the relationship between digital gaming and physical activity.
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Haddock A, Ward N, Yu R, O’Dea N. Positive Effects of Digital Technology Use by Adolescents: A Scoping Review of the Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192114009. [PMID: 36360887 PMCID: PMC9658971 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the research literature published from 2012 to 2022 on the relationship between increases in adolescent consumption of digital technologies and its impact on multiple areas of development, with a focus on how adolescent immersion in an increasingly ubiquitous digital world engenders positive outcomes in terms of brain, cognitive, and social-emotional development. The literature search yielded 131 articles, 53 of which were empirical studies of the relationship between increases in consumption of digital technology and brain development, cognitive development, or social-emotional development among adolescents. Overall, these studies identify positive outcomes for adolescents who use different types of digital tech, including the internet, social media, and video games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Haddock
- Frances L. Hiatt School of Psychology, Mosakowski Institute for Public Enterprise, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Nadia Ward
- Frances L. Hiatt School of Psychology, Mosakowski Institute for Public Enterprise, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Rondy Yu
- School of Education, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Nicole O’Dea
- Frances L. Hiatt School of Psychology, Mosakowski Institute for Public Enterprise, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
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Schmidt SCE, Sell S, Woll A. The Use of Compression Stockings to Reduce Water Retention in the Legs During Gaming and Esports: Randomized Controlled Field Study. Interact J Med Res 2022; 11:e25886. [PMID: 36173666 PMCID: PMC9562085 DOI: 10.2196/25886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the increasing digitalization of daily life, internet-based entertainment such as gaming and streaming has advanced to one of the megatrends of the 21st century. Besides offering a multitude of controversially discussed opportunities for entertainment and social interaction, there is reasonable concern about health issues caused by the absence of physical activity among activities linked to gaming and streaming. Objective The aim of this study is to compare the water balance of recreational gamers with and those without compression stockings during a gaming event. Methods We measured body composition and water balance with 8-electrode bioelectrical impedance analysis among 46 recreational gamers with an average age of 27.1 (SD 6.5) years (5/46, 11% women and 41/46, 89% men) before and after 24 hours at a gaming event. Of the 46 gamers, 23 (50%) gamers wore compression stockings for the duration of the study. Results Our study shows that prolonged gaming and associated behaviors during a 24-hour time frame lead to an increase in total body water (+0.76 L; P<.001) and a decrease of phase angle in the lower extremities (−0.47°; P<.001) but not in the upper extremities (+0.09°; P=.80), when no compression is used. Gamers using compression socks did not show any significant negative effects on their body composition. Conclusions Prolonged gaming and streaming are serious risk factors for diseases associated with water retention in the legs, and these risks can be measured by bioelectrical impedance and reduced by wearing compression stockings. We conclude that these findings should be discussed and replicated in larger studies and that there is a considerably large market for compression stockings among gamers and live streamers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Sell
- Joint Center Black Forest, Hospital Neuenbuerg, Neuenbuerg, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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12
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Gu P, Liang Z, Zhang H, Zhang D. Effects of Attitudes towards Exercise Behaviour, Use of Sports Apps and COVID-19 on Intentions to Exercise. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1434. [PMID: 36143219 PMCID: PMC9503378 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The sudden outbreak of the novel coronavirus pandemic in 2019 disrupted the normal order of life and work, and the virus is still a major threat prevailing the globe. Confronted with the unknown virus, citizens have been following government policies of COVID-19 treatment and containment, and actively improving their immunity through physical activity (PA). This paper is concerned with ways to guide or promote people's willingness to exercise, one of the most effective means to boost immunity. Based on the "attitude-intention" correlation defined in the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), this study, by synchronizing online data about workouts, explores the influence of people's attitudes towards PA behaviour in promoting their intentions to engage in such behaviours as a means to fight the pandemic. In addition, the attitudes towards the use of sports apps and the epidemic are also reckoned with to investigate influencing factors promoting physical activity during the lockdown. The results of the study have been derived from the data of 1223 valid questionnaires, which are subjected to hierarchical regression analysis. Attitudes towards exercise and the use of sports apps are proven to have a significant impact on PA intentions, and the two variables are in direct proportion, with more positive attitudes leading to higher intentions; in contrast, attitudes towards the epidemic do not exhibit an obvious effect. In this light, it is advisable that when clinicians treat COVID-19 patients and medical departments respond to the epidemic, they actively make affirmative influences on peoples' attitudes towards exercise and formulate appropriate exercise plans based on indicators detected and recorded by sports apps such as vital capacity, heart rate, respiratory index and self-perceived intensity to help them face the risk of the epidemic with more confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gu
- School of Media and Communication, Soochow University, Suzhou 215031, China
| | - Zeheng Liang
- School of Media and Communication, Soochow University, Suzhou 215031, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Media and Communication, Soochow University, Suzhou 215031, China
| | - Dazhi Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Soochow University, Suzhou 215031, China
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13
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Lev Arey D, Blatt A, Gutman T. A Self-Determination Theory and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-based intervention aimed at increasing adherence to physical activity. Front Psychol 2022; 13:935702. [PMID: 36051214 PMCID: PMC9426339 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.935702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a physical activity (PA) intervention program designed to enhance levels of engagement in PA. Despite robust evidence supporting the beneficial effects of PA on overall health, only about 22% of individuals engage in the recommended minimum amount of PA. Recent surveys suggested that most individuals express intentions to be physically active, though the psychological state of amotivation dismissed these struggles. In the current study, we pilot-tested a new intervention program, aimed at enhancing engagement in PA among sedentary individuals. The intervention was based on two behavioral change and motivational psychological frameworks: Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). During a 14-week intervention program, 94 sedentary Israeli college students (Mage = 24.4, SD = 1.42, Females = 89) were randomly assigned into one of three groups: SDT and ACT-based intervention, traditional intervention, and a non-treatment group. Prior to and following the intervention, participants completed the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-3 (BREQ-3) to examine motivation to exercise and the International Physical Activity Measurement IPAQ to evaluate their training frequency. Results showed that the SDT and ACT-based intervention group exhibited a significant increase in motivation to exercise between time 1 and time 2, while the other two groups (i.e., the traditional intervention program and the non-treatment group) showed insignificant differences in motivation to exercise. Furthermore, neither of the groups showed significant differences in their training frequency per week. However, those in the SDT and ACT-based groups reported an increase in activity intensity from time 1 to time 2 compared to the two other groups. Further, exercise psychology consultants and scholars can use the intervention protocol and utilize these findings to improve PA behaviors and promote health in the general population. Limitations, future directions, and implications are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalit Lev Arey
- School of Psychology, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel
| | - Asaf Blatt
- School of Behavioral Sciences, College of Management Academic Studies, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Tomer Gutman
- School of Psychology, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel
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14
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Ufholz KE, Flack KD, Roemmich JN. The influence of active video game play upon physical activity and screen-based activities in sedentary children. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269057. [PMID: 35700210 PMCID: PMC9197033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Few children meet physical activity recommendations, partly due to the prevalence of screen-based sedentary activities. Active video game (AVG) play produces light to moderate physical activity. Yet, providing children access to AVG does not increase physical activity, possibly because children who play AVG may also tend towards sedentary screen-based activities. How multiple days of AVG play influences children’s choice of other activities is not yet known.
Purpose
To examine how AVG influences children’s physical activity, sedentary screen-based activities, and other alternative activities.
Methods
Sedentary children (N = 49) played AVG 3 times/week and sedentary video games (SVG) ad libitum for 6 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of ad libitum play of both AVG and SVG. Participants wore an activity monitor for 7 days and completed a 24-hour activity recall on 4 randomly selected days at baseline, week 6, and week 10.
Results
AVG play increased during the intervention (p < 0.01). Light activity and SVG play both decreased baseline to 10 weeks (p = 0.006) and 6 to 10 weeks (p = 0.017). Non-SVG sedentary behavior increased from baseline to 10 weeks (p = 0.005) and 6 to 10 weeks (p = 0.007). Changes over time were not observed in physical activity, or recall-measured active play, social activities, other hobbies, television or computer/phone use.
Conclusion
AVG play did not change children’s objectively-measured physical activity or subjectively measured active play. SVG time was substituted with other sedentary behaviors. AVG did not increase time engaged in SVG or screen-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E. Ufholz
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kyle D. Flack
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - James N. Roemmich
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
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15
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Hjetland GJ, Skogen JC, Hysing M, Sivertsen B. The Association Between Self-Reported Screen Time, Social Media Addiction, and Sleep Among Norwegian University Students. Front Public Health 2022; 9:794307. [PMID: 34976935 PMCID: PMC8716598 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.794307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between daily screen time and sleep, evening screen time and sleep, and between social media addiction and sleep in a student population. This cross-sectional study is based on data from a national survey of all college and university students in Norway (the SHoT2018 study; n = 49,051). The sleep outcomes were sleep duration, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, and insomnia operationalized according to formal DSM-5 criteria. The results show a strong negative association between time spent on screen-based devices and sleep quality and quantity, and where screen use in bed had more consistent negative associations with sleep. Furthermore, there were higher rates of insomnia among those with higher levels of addiction, and curvilinear relationships with sleep duration, sleep onset latency, and sleep efficiency. Those with higher levels of addiction also had more evening screen time. The findings suggest that screen use plays an important role in students' sleep quantity and quality, where evening screen time has a stronger relationship with sleep compared to total daily screen time. The results also suggest a role of social media addiction, and addictive social media use may be a target for intervention in order to reduce evening screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnhild J Hjetland
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jens C Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway.,Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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16
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Kasović M, Štefan L, Piler P, Zvonar M. Longitudinal associations between sport participation and fat mass with body posture in children: A 5-year follow-up from the Czech ELSPAC study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266903. [PMID: 35404976 PMCID: PMC9000121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of the study was to examine longitudinal associations between sport participation and fat mass with body posture in children. We used data from children recruited in the Czech European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (CELSPAC) at the ages of 11 y (n = 1065), 13 y (n = 811) and 15 y (n = 974). Information on body posture, practicing sport in a club and at a competitive level, and skinfold thicknesses (biceps, triceps, subscapula, suprailiaca and thigh) from pediatrician’s medical records were collected. Body posture was inspected by a pediatrician. The sum of 5 skinfolds was used as a proxy of fat mass. The 85th and 95th percentiles defined ‘overfat’ and ‘obese’children. Practicing sport in a club and at a competitive level were included as ‘yes/no’ answers. General linear mixed models with risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Overall, 35.6% of children and adolescents had impaired body posture; the prevalence of ’incorrect’ body posture increased by age (from 41.0% to 28.0%, p<0.001). Practicing sport in a club and at a competitive level decreased by follow-up (p<0.001), while the level of ‘overfat’ and ‘obese’ children increased (p<0.01). In separate models, ’incorrect’ body posture was associated with non-practicing sport in clubs (RR = 1.68; 95% CI 1.43–1.97, p<0.001) or at competitive level (RR = 1.61; 95% CI 1.37–1.88, p<0.001) and with being ’overfat’ (RR = 2.05; 95% CI 1.52–2.75, p<0.001) and ’obese’ (RR = 2.15; 95% CI 1.68–2.75, p<0.001). When all variables were put simultaneously into the model additionally adjusted for sex, self-rated health and baseline body posture, similar associations remained. This study shows, that not participating in sport and being overfat/obese are longitudinally associated with ‘incorrect’ body posture. Therefore, the detection of these risk factors in childhood, through the development of school- and community-based interventions, should be advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Kasović
- Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Sport Motorics and Methodology in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lovro Štefan
- Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Sport Motorics and Methodology in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Research and Examination (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Pavel Piler
- Department of Research and Examination (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Zvonar
- Department of Research and Examination (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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17
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Abstract
Abstract. Since the turn of the millennium, the digital revolution has opened a new layer of opportunities for adolescents to participate, create and learn. Simultaneously there has been growth in both debate and worries regarding how the intensive engagement with digital media affects students’ academic performance, engagement, and school-related well-being, that is, academic functioning. Students’ continuously evolving digital practices are not always in congruence with the more traditional ways of schoolwork. Students flourish and fulfill their potential when the informal and formal practices of learning reach congruence, but when this is not the case, frictions can emerge. Spending time with digital media can provide new avenues for learning and development, but it can equally well divert young people from their studies or increase the daily demands. In this narrative review, we address these continuities and discontinuities between engagement with digital media and academic functioning for school-aged children and young people, focusing on meta-analyses, reviews, and key studies. Following the examination of the current literature, we conclude that, in general, the field of “digital media effects” needs to move beyond screen time and utilize the research on the students’ multidimensional socio-digital engagement already conducted. Second, we conclude that the average effects of digital engagement on academic functioning are negligibly small but heterogeneous, further corroborating the claim to examine the qualitative differences in students’ digital engagement, the individual differences between students, as well as the contextual interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Hietajärvi
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erika Maksniemi
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Ruiter ELM, Fransen GAJ, Kleinjan M, van der Velden K, Molleman GRM, Engels RCME. The degree of consistency of applying parental dietary and sedentary behavior rules as indicators for overweight in children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:348. [PMID: 35180872 PMCID: PMC8855353 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Review studies increasingly emphasize the importance of the role of parenting in interventions for preventing overweight in children. The aim of this study was to examine typologies regarding how consistently parents apply energy-balance related behavior rules, and the association between these typologies and socio-demographic characteristics, energy balance-related behaviors among school age children, and the prevalence of being overweight. METHODS For this cross-sectional study, we had access to a database managed by a Municipal Health Service Department in the Netherlands. In total, 4,865 parents with children 4-12 years of age participated in this survey and completed a standardized questionnaire. Parents classified their consistency of applying rules as "strict", "indulgent", or "no rules". Typologies were identified using latent class analyses. We used regression analyses to examine how the typologies differed with respect to the covariates socio-demographic characteristics, children's energy balance-related behaviors, and weight status. RESULTS We identified four stable, distinct parental typologies with respect to applying dietary and sedentary behavior rules. Overall, we found that parents who apply "overall strict EBRB rules" had the highest level of education and that their children practiced healthier behaviors compared to the children of parents in the other three classes. In addition, we found that parents who apply "indulgent dietary rules and no sedentary rules" had the lowest level of education and the highest percentage of non-Caucasians; in addition, their children 8-12 years of age had the highest likelihood of being overweight compared to children of parents with "no dietary rules". CONCLUSIONS Parents' consistency in applying rules regarding dietary and sedentary behaviors was associated with parents' level of education and ethnic background, as well as with children's dietary and sedentary behaviors and their likelihood of becoming overweight. Our results may contribute to helping make healthcare professionals aware that children of parents who do not apply sedentary behavior rules are more likely to become overweight, as well as the importance of encouraging parents to apply strict dietary and sedentary behavior rules. These results can serve as a starting point for developing effective strategies to prevent overweight among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie L M Ruiter
- Integrated Health Policy, Primary and Community Care, Academic Collaborative Center AMPHI, Radboud University Medical Center, ELG 117, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Gerdine A J Fransen
- Integrated Health Policy, Primary and Community Care, Academic Collaborative Center AMPHI, Radboud University Medical Center, ELG 117, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marloes Kleinjan
- Trimbos Institute, P.O. Box 725, 3500 AS, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Interdisciplinary Social Science, University Utrecht, P.O. Box 80.140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Koos van der Velden
- Academic Collaborative Centre AMPHI, Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre, ELG 117, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard R M Molleman
- Integrated Health Policy, Primary and Community Care, Academic Collaborative Center AMPHI, Radboud University Medical Center, ELG 117, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rutger C M E Engels
- Department of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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19
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Hamre R, Smith ORF, Samdal O, Haug E. Gaming Behaviors and the Association with Sleep Duration, Social Jetlag, and Difficulties Falling Asleep among Norwegian Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031765. [PMID: 35162788 PMCID: PMC8834670 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between gaming and sleep is mostly informed by studies of addictive gaming behavior, thus limiting our understanding of sleep in the context of nonproblematic engaged gaming. The present study investigated whether addicted, problem, and engaged gaming behavior was associated with sleep duration, social jetlag, and difficulties falling asleep. The sample consisted of 13- and 16-year-old Norwegian adolescents (n = 3228) participating in the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey in 2018. Participants were categorized into addicted, problem, engaged, and normal/non-gaming behavior groups according to which GAS-7 criteria they fulfilled. Robust generalized linear mixed models with a random intercept for class ID were used to examine the association between the sleep variables and gaming behavior. Addicted gaming behavior was unfavorably associated with all sleep parameters. The findings for engaged gaming and problem gaming behavior were somewhat mixed. Engaged gamers slept less on weekends, less on weekdays for those aged 16, and experienced greater social jetlag compared to the normal/non-gaming group. Problem gamers experienced greater social jetlag and had higher odds of experiencing difficulties falling asleep. Overall, the results suggest that all types of gaming behaviors might harm sleep health, but to a greater extent for the addicted gamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Hamre
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (R.H.); (O.S.)
| | | | - Oddrun Samdal
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (R.H.); (O.S.)
| | - Ellen Haug
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (R.H.); (O.S.)
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, Bergen, Pb 74 Sandviken, 5812 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-958-095-48
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20
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Longitudinal relations between gaming, physical activity, and athletic self-esteem. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Helbach J, Stahlmann K. Changes in Digital Media Use and Physical Activity in German Young Adults under the Covid-19 Pandemic - A Cross-Sectional Study. J Sports Sci Med 2021; 20:642-654. [PMID: 35321129 PMCID: PMC8488826 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many studies observed a reduction of physical activity (PA) and an increase in digital media use in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, few studies have been conducted in Europe or looked at changes in the association between both behaviors. Hence, this study aims at investigating the changes in digital media use/social media use and PA as well as in its association among young adults in Germany. Cross-sectional data of 884 German young adults (mean age 22.36 (±1.99), 76% female) collected via an online questionnaire between August 1 and September 30, 2020 were analyzed. Participants reported on digital media use (smartphone, television, computer, gaming console), social media use (Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter, YouTube, TikTok) and PA (days/week of ≥30 min. PA) separately for the period of strict infection control measures in Germany (March - end of May 2020) and for normal times (before March 2020). Descriptive statistics of digital media use, social media use and PA were compared between both periods. Linear regression adjusted for sociodemographic and work-related characteristics were conducted for both periods with total media use, the various media devices and social media use, respectively, as independent and PA as dependent variables. Whereas PA did not differ between both periods, mean total digital media use increased by 1 hour during the period of strict infection control measures. Digital media use and social media use were negatively associated with PA in both time periods. Differences in these associations by sex could be found for some digital media devices. However, 60% of respondents did not comply with the WHO recommendations for PA. Under consideration of possible recall bias, young adults' digital media use, but not PA, seemed to have changed under the strict infection control measures. However, interventions are needed to increase PA and to prevent its reduction in the course of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Helbach
- Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen Germany
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22
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Vancampfort D, Firth J, Smith L, Stubbs B, Rosenbaum S, Hallgren M, Van Damme T, Koyanagi A. Association between physical activity and leisure-time sedentary behavior among 140,808 adolescents aged 12 to 15 from 47 low- and middle-income countries. Public Health 2021; 199:1-9. [PMID: 34509709 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Data from high-income countries (HICs) indicate that sedentary behavior is negatively associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in young people. We examined associations between leisure-time sedentary behavior (LTSB) and MVPA in adolescents from 47 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Data from the Global school-based Student Health Survey were analyzed in 140,808 adolescents (13.8 ± 1.0 years; 49% girls). Time spent in LTSB was a composite variable assessing time spent sitting and playing computer games, watching TV, talking with friends during a typical day. The PACE + Adolescent Physical Activity Measure assessed MVPA levels. The association between ≥3 h/day of LTSB and adequate physical activity levels (every day last week 60 min MVPA) was explored with multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of ≥3 h/day of LTSB and 60 min of MVPA/day last week were 26.3% (girls 26.2%; boys 26.5%) and 15.3% (girls 12.1%; boys 18.4%), respectively. LTSB of ≥3 h/day versus <3 h/day was associated with a 35% increased odds for adequate levels of MVPA in boys [OR = 1.35 (95%CI = 1.23-1.48)] and 22% in girls [1.22 (95%CI = 1.10-1.36)]. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that being physically active 60 min per day every day and at moderate-to-vigorous intensity and being sedentary ≥3 h/day during leisure-time might co-exist in adolescents in some LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vancampfort
- KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium.
| | - J Firth
- NICM Health Research Institute, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Australia; Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - B Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom; Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - M Hallgren
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Van Damme
- KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Prevalence of Internet Addiction and Its Relationship With Combinations of Physical Activity and Screen-Based Sedentary Behavior Among Adolescents in China. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:1245-1252. [PMID: 34391206 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the widespread prevalence and serious nature of Internet addiction (IA), this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of IA and assess the relationships between IA and combinations of physical activity (PA) and screen-based sedentary behavior (SB) among adolescents in China. METHODS This cross-sectional study surveyed 31,954 adolescents in grades 7 to 12 in Beijing. IA, PA, screen-based SB, and other information were obtained from a self-administrated questionnaire. The chi-square test and mixed-effects logistic regression model were applied to estimate the relationship between IA and combinations of PA and screen-based SB. RESULTS 6.2% of the surveyed adolescents reported IA and the prevalence of low PA/high screen-based SB, high PA/high screen-based SB, low PA/low screen-based SB, and high PA/low screen-based SB were 53.7%, 19.5%, 18.8%, and 8.0%, respectively. Mixed-effects logistic regression analysis showed that adolescents with low PA/high screen-based SB were 1.99 (95% confidence interval, 1.62-2.44, P < .001) times more likely to prefer IA than those with high PA/low screen-based SB. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of IA among Chinese adolescents is still high. Intervention programs like maintaining sufficient PA and reducing screen-based SB might contribute to reducing their IA.
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24
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Familial Correlates of Leisure Time Activities among Polish Early School-Age Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073704. [PMID: 33916306 PMCID: PMC8036540 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The after-school period may play a critical role in the accumulation of children’s physical activity and sedentary time. The study aimed to characterize familial correlates of early school-age children’s leisure time activities. A cross-sectional study was conducted among a group of 223 children (mean age 8.7 ± 0.5) and their parents. The percentage of children with daily leisure time physical activity (LTPA) >1 h was 23.32%, and with daily screen time <2 h was 32.74%. The average children’s leisure time physical activity was significantly higher on weekend days than on weekdays (114.85 vs. 89.43 min, p = 0.005). Similarly, the average screen time was higher on weekend days than on weekdays (95.50 vs. 66.10 min, p < 0.001). The multivariate regression analysis revealed that independent predictors of children’s leisure time physical activity were the father’s education level and the father’s occupational status, whereas at least one parent with higher education correlated negatively with children’s longer screen time. The study showed that children’s leisure time activities are associated with parental education and differ significantly between weekdays and weekend days. These findings underline the need for screening for unfavorable health behaviors among early school-age children, and indicate that health promotion programs should be oriented on both parents and children aiming to improve parental health consciousness, reduce screen time and increase physical activity, especially during the weekend.
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25
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Pan CY, Tsai CL, Chen FC, Chow BC, Chen CC, Chu CH. Physical and Sedentary Activity Patterns in Youths with Autism Spectrum Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041739. [PMID: 33670129 PMCID: PMC7916824 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the patterns of sedentary behavior and physical activity (PA) within different school levels (i.e., primary school and secondary school) and on different day types (i.e., weekdays and weekend days) among youths with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The sample was recruited from one city in Taiwan. A total of 68 male youths with ASD, aged 6–17 years, participated in the study. PA was assessed using an ActiGraph accelerometer, and sedentary behaviors (i.e., TV viewing, computer use, and reading time) were determined using a self-report log. The main findings were that (a) primary school youths with ASD were more active than secondary school youths with ASD on both weekdays and weekend days, but primary school youths with ASD also had more sedentary time than did secondary school youths with ASD on both weekdays and weekend days; (b) secondary school youths with ASD were more active but also more sedentary on weekdays compared with weekend days, but they had more screen use on weekend days compared with on weekdays. Future interventions are required to decrease sedentary behavior and increase PA to improve the health of these youths according to school level and day of the week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Pan
- Department of Physical Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, No.116, He-Ping First Road, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan; (C.-Y.P.); (F.-C.C.)
| | - Chia-Liang Tsai
- Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Fu-Chen Chen
- Department of Physical Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, No.116, He-Ping First Road, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan; (C.-Y.P.); (F.-C.C.)
| | - Bik C. Chow
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Chih-Chia Chen
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA;
| | - Chia-Hua Chu
- Department of Physical Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, No.116, He-Ping First Road, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan; (C.-Y.P.); (F.-C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-7172-930 (ext. 3533); Fax: +886-7-7114-633
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Zahedi S, Jaffer R, Iyer A. A systematic review of screen-time literature to inform educational policy and practice during COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH OPEN 2021; 2:100094. [PMID: 35059672 PMCID: PMC8592820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijedro.2021.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for consensus around the matter of screen time (ST) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some governments announced restrictions for online schooling time per day to protect students from perceived risks of prolonged screen-use, but critics and an emerging body of research question such regulations. Our review of 52 empirical studies found (a) an overwhelming majority of literature shows effect sizes too small to be of practical or clinical significance, and (b) findings more specifically on educational ST are inconclusive and critically underrepresented. These facts, along with the undeniable benefits of online learning in the absence of brick-and-mortar schooling and the ominous forecasts of learning loss caused by prolonged school closure, inform our recommendations for a more moderate policy and practical stance on restrictions - one that is focused on responsibly leveraging the educational and social benefits of ST in a world still recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rhea Jaffer
- Manager of Research and Outreach, The Acres Foundation, Mumbai, India
| | - Anuj Iyer
- Head of Learning & Innovation, The Acres Foundation, Mumbai, India
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Schmidt SCE, Anedda B, Burchartz A, Eichsteller A, Kolb S, Nigg C, Niessner C, Oriwol D, Worth A, Woll A. Physical activity and screen time of children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 lockdown in Germany: a natural experiment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21780. [PMID: 33311526 PMCID: PMC7733438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of COVID-19 on social life has been drastic and global. However, the different numbers of cases and different actions in different countries have been leading to various interesting yet unexplored effects on human behavior. In the present study, we compare the physical activity and recreational screen time of a representative sample of 1711 4- to 17-year-olds before and during the strictest time of the first COVID-19 lockdown in Germany. We found that sports activity declined whereas recreational screen time increased. However, a substantial increase in habitual physical activities leads to an overall increase in physical activity among children and adolescents in Germany. The effects differ in size but not in their direction between age groups and are stable for boys and girls. We conclude from this natural experiment that physical activity among children and adolescents is highly context-driven and mutual and does not act as a functional opposite to recreational screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen C E Schmidt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Bastian Anedda
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Burchartz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ana Eichsteller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Simon Kolb
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carina Nigg
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Niessner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Doris Oriwol
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- University of Education Karlsruhe, Bismarckstraße 10, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Annette Worth
- University of Education Karlsruhe, Bismarckstraße 10, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Chortatos A, Henjum S, Torheim LE, Terragni L, Gebremariam MK. Comparing three screen-based sedentary behaviours' effect upon adolescents' participation in physical activity: The ESSENS study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241887. [PMID: 33237914 PMCID: PMC7688164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Literature focusing on the association between sedentary behaviours and physical activity has provided equivocal results and has been dominated by TV viewing as the indicator of sedentary behaviour. There is a need for more studies exploring the association between contemporary screen activities and physical activity among youth. Methods A cross-sectional study including 742 adolescents was conducted in 2016. Data were collected at school through an online questionnaire. Regression analyses were used to explore the association between different screen-based sedentary behaviours and participation in physical activity. Results The results showed that those with lower (vs higher) time spent on TV/movie streaming and electronic game playing both on weekdays and weekend days had significantly higher odds of participating in physical activity. There were no significant associations between socializing/surfing online both on weekdays and weekend days and physical activity in adjusted models. Conclusions TV/movie streaming and electronic game playing during both weekdays and weekend days were significantly inversely related with participating in physical activity. Initiatives aimed at reducing screen-based sedentary activities might result in favourable effects on physical activity levels among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Chortatos
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet–Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrun Henjum
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet–Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liv Elin Torheim
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet–Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Laura Terragni
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet–Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mekdes K. Gebremariam
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Lees B, Squeglia LM, Breslin FJ, Thompson WK, Tapert SF, Paulus MP. Screen media activity does not displace other recreational activities among 9-10 year-old youth: a cross-sectional ABCD study®. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1783. [PMID: 33238925 PMCID: PMC7687784 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09894-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Screen media is among the most common recreational activities engaged in by children. The displacement hypothesis predicts that increased time spent on screen media activity (SMA) may be at the expense of engagement with other recreational activities, such as sport, music, and art. This study examined associations between non-educational SMA and recreational activity endorsement in 9–10-year-olds, when accounting for other individual (i.e., cognition, psychopathology), interpersonal (i.e., social environment), and sociodemographic characteristics. Methods Participants were 9254 youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study®. Latent factors reflecting SMA, cognition, psychopathology, and social environment were entered as independent variables into logistic mixed models. Sociodemographic covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, and household income. Outcome variables included any recreational activity endorsement (of 19 assessed), and specific sport (swimming, soccer, baseball) and hobby (music, art) endorsements. Results In unadjusted groupwise comparisons, youth who spent more time engaging with SMA were less likely to engage with other recreational activities (ps < .001). However, when variance in cognition, psychopathology, social environment, and sociodemographic covariates were accounted for, most forms of SMA were no longer significantly associated with recreational activity engagement (p > .05). Some marginal effects were observed: for every one SD increase in time spent on games and movies over more social forms of media, youth were at lower odds of engaging in recreational activities (adjusted odds ratio = 0·83, 95% CI 0·76–0·89). Likewise, greater general SMA was associated with lower odds of endorsing group-based sports, including soccer (0·93, 0·88–0·98) and baseball (0·92, 0·86–0·98). Model fit comparisons indicated that sociodemographic characteristics, particularly socio-economic status, explained more variance in rates of recreational activity engagement than SMA and other latent factors. Notably, youth from higher socio-economic families were up to 5·63 (3·83–8·29) times more likely to engage in recreational activities than youth from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Conclusions Results did not suggest that SMA largely displaces engagement in other recreational activities among 9–10-year-olds. Instead, socio-economic factors greatly contribute to rates of engagement. These findings are important considering recent shifts in time spent on SMA in childhood. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-020-09894-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Lees
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Level 6 Jane Foss Russell Building, G02, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Addiction Sciences Division, 171 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Florence J Breslin
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Alotaibi T, Almuhanna R, Alhassan J, Alqadhib E, Mortada E, Alwhaibi R. The Relationship between Technology Use and Physical Activity among Typically-Developing Children. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8040488. [PMID: 33212768 PMCID: PMC7712844 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between technology use and physical activity level and to measure the association between sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, technology use, and physical activity level among Saudi children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 458 parents of typically-developing Saudi children (6–12 years). A translated validated questionnaire used for data collection consisted of three parts: Children’s Physical Activity Questionnaire (CPAQ), Questionnaire on the Impact of Technology on Children (used to investigate the impact of technology on children’s physical activity) and sociodemographic questions (e.g, children’s age and sex, age, educational level, marital status of parents and monthly income). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and Mann-Whitney U test to assess the relationship between technology use and physical activity level. A chi-squared test was used to assess the relationship between technology use and sociodemographic variables. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Mean age of the sampled children was (8.44 ± 2.07). Data analysis revealed that high use of technology was significantly associated with low level of activity. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a negative relationship between a high level of activity and technology use (r = −0.138, p = 0.047). Ownership of a device was significantly associated with higher technology time consumption. Regression analysis revealed that age of the child, educational level of the parents, screen time use, and owning electrical devices significantly predicted the level of practicing physical activity among children of sampled parents (p < 0.05). Conclusions: practicing inadequate physical activity among children could be influenced by educational level of parents, screen time use, and owning electrical devices. Therefore, parental involvement is required to reduce time of exposure to technology screens among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thekra Alotaibi
- Rehabilitation Sciences Department, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11466, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.); (R.A.); (J.A.); (E.A.)
| | - Rifan Almuhanna
- Rehabilitation Sciences Department, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11466, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.); (R.A.); (J.A.); (E.A.)
| | - Johara Alhassan
- Rehabilitation Sciences Department, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11466, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.); (R.A.); (J.A.); (E.A.)
| | - Ethar Alqadhib
- Rehabilitation Sciences Department, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11466, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.); (R.A.); (J.A.); (E.A.)
| | - Eman Mortada
- Health Sciences Department, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11466, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reem Alwhaibi
- Rehabilitation Sciences Department, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11466, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.); (R.A.); (J.A.); (E.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Kim S, Favotto L, Halladay J, Wang L, Boyle MH, Georgiades K. Differential associations between passive and active forms of screen time and adolescent mood and anxiety disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55:1469-1478. [PMID: 32055896 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify the strength of association between passive and active forms of screen time and adolescent major depressive episode and anxiety disorders. METHODS Data from the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study, a representative sample of 2,320 adolescents aged 12-17 years in Ontario (mean age = 14.58, male = 50.7%) were used. Screen time was measured using adolescent self-report on time spent on screen-based activities. Past 6-month occurrence of DSM-IV-TR defined major depressive episode, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and specific phobia which were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents. RESULT Adolescents reporting 4 or more hours of passive screen time per day, compared to those reporting less than 2 h, were three times more likely to meet the DSM-IV-TR criteria for major depressive episode [OR = 3.28(95% CI = 1.71-6.28)], social phobia [OR = 3.15 (95% CI = 1.57-6.30)] and generalized anxiety disorder [OR = 2.92 (95% CI = 1.64-5.20)]. Passive screen time continued to be significantly associated with increased odds of disorders, after adjusting for age, sex, low income, active screen time use, sleep and physical activity. A small-to-moderate attenuation of the estimated ORs was observed in the fully adjusted model. In contrast, associations between active screen time use and depression and anxiety disorders were smaller in magnitude and failed to reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Passive screen time use was associated with mood and anxiety disorders, whereas active screen time was not. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying processes contributing to differential risk associated with passive versus active screen time use and adolescent mood and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Kim
- Offord Centre for Child Studies and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, McMaster Innovation Park, Hamilton Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Lindsay Favotto
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jillian Halladay
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Li Wang
- Offord Centre for Child Studies and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, McMaster Innovation Park, Hamilton Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Michael H Boyle
- Offord Centre for Child Studies and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, McMaster Innovation Park, Hamilton Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Katholiki Georgiades
- Offord Centre for Child Studies and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, McMaster Innovation Park, Hamilton Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
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Activity-Inactivity Patterns, Screen Time, and Physical Activity: The Association with Overweight, Central Obesity and Muscle Strength in Polish Teenagers. Report from the ABC of Healthy Eating Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217842. [PMID: 33114707 PMCID: PMC7662883 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Today, the time spent actively is increasingly being replaced by screen-based media, although in some teenagers, a high level of physical activity (PA) and longer time spent in front of a screen (screen time, ST) may coexist as a mixed behavioral pattern. This study aimed to examine the association of the pattern created as activity (low/high ST with high PA) and inactivity patterns (low/high ST with low PA) with overweight, central obesity, and muscle strength in Polish teenagers taking into consideration socioeconomic and demographic factors. Cross-sectional data were collected from elementary school children (n = 1567), aged 11–13 years. Height, weight, waist circumference, and handgrip strength were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the overweight measure, and the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was calculated as the central obesity measure. Data on ST, PA, socioeconomic status, demographics, and nutrition knowledge were collected by a questionnaire. Activity–inactivity patterns were defined by an a priori approach. Multivariate logistic regression modelling was applied. The most active pattern (lowST-highPA) was found in 17% of the total sample. Teenagers with the most inactive pattern (highST-lowPA) had over four times higher chance of general overweight. No association between WHtR ≥0.5 and highST-highPA pattern was found. Higher muscle strength (>1 SD) was associated only with high physical activity. Urban residence or lower socioeconomic status increased adherence to the most inactive pattern. From a public health perspective, implementing interventions promoting active patterns in 11–13-year-old teenagers is important for obesity prevention and enhanced physical fitness, especially in girls, teenagers living in urban areas, and from families with lower socio-economic status.
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DEMİRBİLEK M, MİNAZ M. Physical Activity and Smartphone Use in University Students. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION IN SCIENCE, ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.21891/jeseh.795980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ma C, Zhou L, Xu W, Ma S, Wang Y. Associations of physical activity and screen time with suboptimal health status and sleep quality among Chinese college freshmen: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239429. [PMID: 32946516 PMCID: PMC7500622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the associations of physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) with physiological, psychological, and social health-particularly regarding effects on sleep quality-among Chinese college freshmen. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Renmin University of China, in Beijing. A total of 5,233 students were surveyed in September 2015. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire on their demographic characteristics, tobacco and alcohol use, PA, ST, sleep quality, and health status. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine the independent and interactive associations between PA and ST with sleep quality and suboptimal health status. In total, 10.43%, 13.18%, and 13.26% of the 5,233 students had physiological, psychological, and social suboptimal health status, respectively. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 37.94%. High ST and high PA were significantly associated with physiological suboptimal health status (aOR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.16-1.68, and aOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.45-0.71), psychological suboptimal health status (aOR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.21-1.69, and aOR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.47-0.69), social suboptimal health status (aOR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.08-1.50, and aOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.52-0.77), and poor sleep quality (aOR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03-1.39, and aOR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.55-0.76). Additionally, low ST and high PA were interactively negatively associated with poor sleep quality (aOR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.45-0.70), physiological suboptimal health status (aOR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.40-0.59), psychological suboptimal health status (aOR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.39-0.58), and social suboptimal health status (aOR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.40-0.59). These findings suggested there are independent and interactive associations of low ST and high PA with poor sleep quality and suboptimal health status among Chinese college freshmen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjin Ma
- Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Long Zhou
- Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wangli Xu
- Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangge Ma
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Oswald TK, Rumbold AR, Kedzior SGE, Moore VM. Psychological impacts of "screen time" and "green time" for children and adolescents: A systematic scoping review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237725. [PMID: 32886665 PMCID: PMC7473739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological developments in recent decades have increased young people's engagement with screen-based technologies (screen time), and a reduction in young people's contact with nature (green time) has been observed concurrently. This combination of high screen time and low green time may affect mental health and well-being. The aim of this systematic scoping review was to collate evidence assessing associations between screen time, green time, and psychological outcomes (including mental health, cognitive functioning, and academic achievement) for young children (<5 years), schoolchildren (5-11 years), early adolescents (12-14 years), and older adolescents (15-18 years). Original quantitative studies were identified in four databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, Embase), resulting in 186 eligible studies. A third of included studies were undertaken in Europe and almost as many in the United States. The majority of studies were cross-sectional (62%). In general, high levels of screen time appeared to be associated with unfavourable psychological outcomes while green time appeared to be associated with favourable psychological outcomes. The ways screen time and green time were conceptualised and measured were highly heterogeneous, limiting the ability to synthesise the literature. The preponderance of cross-sectional studies with broadly similar findings, despite heterogeneous exposure measures, suggested results were not artefacts. However, additional high-quality longitudinal studies and randomised controlled trials are needed to make a compelling case for causal relationships. Different developmental stages appeared to shape which exposures and outcomes were salient. Young people from low socioeconomic backgrounds may be disproportionately affected by high screen time and low green time. Future research should distinguish between passive and interactive screen activities, and incidental versus purposive exposure to nature. Few studies considered screen time and green time together, and possible reciprocal psychological effects. However, there is preliminary evidence that green time could buffer consequences of high screen time, therefore nature may be an under-utilised public health resource for youth psychological well-being in a high-tech era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassia K. Oswald
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alice R. Rumbold
- Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sophie G. E. Kedzior
- Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vivienne M. Moore
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Hygen BW, Skalická V, Stenseng F, Belsky J, Steinsbekk S, Wichstrøm L. The co-occurrence between symptoms of internet gaming disorder and psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence: prospective relations or common causes? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:890-898. [PMID: 32623728 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is highlighted as a condition for further study in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Some studies indicate that IGD appears comorbid with other psychiatric disorders. We examine concurrent and prospective links between symptoms of IGD and symptoms of common psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence to determine whether observed comorbidity is a result of (a) reciprocal relations or (b) common underlying causes. METHODS A community sample (n = 702) of Norwegian children completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Interview (IGDI) to assess DSM-5 defined IGD symptoms at ages 10, 12 and 14 years. The Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA) assessed symptoms of depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) at the same time points. RESULTS A Random Intercept Cross-lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM), which captures pure within-person changes and adjusts for all unmeasured time-invariant factors (e.g., genetics, parent education) revealed no associations between IGD symptoms and psychopathology, except that increased IGD symptoms at ages 10 and 12 predicted decreased symptoms of anxiety two years later. CONCLUSIONS No support emerged for concurrent or prospective relations between IGD and psychiatric symptoms, except in one case: increased IGD symptoms forecasted reduction in anxiety symptoms. Observed co-occurrence between IGD symptoms and mental health problems can mainly be attributed to common underlying factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Wold Hygen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,NTNU Social Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Věra Skalická
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Frode Stenseng
- Department of Education and Lifelong Learning, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Queen Maud University College, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jay Belsky
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Silje Steinsbekk
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Wichstrøm
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Predictive Variables of Adolescents' Intention to Be Physically Active after Graduation. Is Gender a Conditioning Factor? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124308. [PMID: 32560191 PMCID: PMC7345778 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of physical activity habits during adolescence is fundamental to guarantee its adherence throughout life. However, these levels decrease during this stage, with women experimenting a more significant decrease. This paper aims to analyze if there are significant differences in the variables related to the intention to be physically active between men and women and if there is a moderating effect of gender on the variables that predict this intention. The sample is composed of 256 adolescents, aged between 16 and 19 years, 55.50% of whom are men, and 44.50% women. The results show that there are statistically significant differences (p < 0.05), with boys showing higher scores in the intention, athletic identity, and in the strength, condition, and attractiveness. About the predictive variables of the intention, the gender moderates the relationships between the physical attractiveness, condition and strength with the perceived behavioral control (pcfmale-pcfmale = 0.44; −0.48 p < 0.001; 0.27, p < 0.05, respectively), and between the subjective norm and the intention to be physically active (pcmale-female = 0.33, p < 0.01). These results highlight the importance of considering gender when designing specific policies for the promotion of physical-sports practice among adolescents to reduce the existing gender gap.
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McIver KL, Pate RR, Dowda M, Johnson SB, Yang J, Butterworth M, Liu X. Cross-Country Comparisons of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior among 5-Year-Old Children. Int J Pediatr 2020; 2020:7912894. [PMID: 32565835 PMCID: PMC7290875 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7912894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have observed that physical activity (PA) levels tend to be lower in the U.S. population than in many other countries. Within the U.S., PA levels in children are lower in the South than in other regions. Cross-country and interregional differences in PA have not been studied in young children. METHODS In an ongoing study of children at genetic risk for Type 1 diabetes, PA was measured by accelerometry in samples of 5-year-old children (n = 2008) from Finland (n = 370), Germany (n = 85), Sweden (n = 706), and the U.S. (n = 847). The U.S. sample was drawn from centers in Washington State, Colorado, and Georgia/Florida. Children wore accelerometers for 7 days, and the data were reduced to daily minutes of light-, moderate- (MPA), vigorous- (VPA), and moderate-to-vigorous- (MVPA) intensity PA and sedentary behavior. Multiple regression was used to compare children across countries and across regions in the U.S, adjusting for wear time, body mass index, and demographic characteristics. RESULTS After adjusting for previously mentioned factors, MVPA and MPA were lower in U.S. children than those in Finland and Sweden. Estimates of physical activity were higher in Finland than in other countries, although not all comparisons were significantly different. U.S children spent significantly more time in sedentary behavior than children in Finland (p < 0.0001). Within the U.S., children's PA was consistently lowest in Georgia/Florida and highest in Washington. CONCLUSIONS Cross-country differences in PA, previously reported for adults and adolescents, are evident in 5-year-old children. In general, PA levels are lower in U.S. children than their European counterparts, and within the U.S., are lower in Georgia/Florida and Colorado than in Washington. Future studies should be designed to identify the factors that explain these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L. McIver
- University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Russell R. Pate
- University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Marsha Dowda
- University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Suzanne Bennett Johnson
- Florida State University, College of Medicine, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jimin Yang
- University of South Florida, Health Informatics Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Martha Butterworth
- University of South Florida, Health Informatics Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Xiang Liu
- University of South Florida, Health Informatics Institute, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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Independent and combined associations between screen time and physical activity and perceived stress among college students. Addict Behav 2020; 103:106224. [PMID: 31862620 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although both screen time (ST) and physical activity (PA) are associated with stress, independent and combined associations between ST and PA, and perceived stress among college students, have remained unclear. The present study included 1137 undergraduate medical students from a university in Shenyang, Northeast China. PA and perceived stress were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-Long Form and the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), respectively. ST and students' characteristics were determined using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test, Pearson Chi-squared test, and logistic regression. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, females reporting high ST (HST, ST > 6 h/day) were more likely to experience stress than those reporting low ST (LST, ST ≤ 6 h/day) (OR = 1.557), while those reporting light- and moderate-intensity PA (LMPA) were more likely to experience stress than those reporting vigorous-intensity PA (VIPA) (OR = 1.674). Analysis of the combined effects of PA and ST showed that, among female students, those reporting both LST and LMPA (OR = 2.174), both HST and VIPA (OR = 2.088), and both HST and LMPA (OR = 2.797) were more likely to experience stress compared to those reporting both LST and VIPA (the reference category). The present study confirmed that LST and VIPA were independently and concurrently associated with significantly lower stress among college students, suggesting that promoting PA and reducing ST might be an effective way to reduce perceived stress among college students.
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Song Y, Li L, Xu Y, Pan G, Tao F, Ren L. Associations between screen time, negative life events, and emotional and behavioral problems among Chinese children and adolescents. J Affect Disord 2020; 264:506-512. [PMID: 31757618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems among children and adolescents are a pressing public health issue. This study aimed to investigate the associations between screen time (ST), negative life events (NLEs), and emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) among Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS A total of 5959 boys and girls from 14 elementary and junior high schools of four cities in China were included in this study. EBPs were assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), NLEs were evaluated by the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist (ASLEC), and ST data were obtained through self-reporting. Descriptive analyses, chi-squared tests, and logistic regression were performed using SPSS 23.0. RESULTS There were significant associations between ST/NLEs and EBPs. Participants with high exposure to ST or NLEs were more likely to have EBPs than those with low exposure to ST or NLEs. The simultaneous associations of ST and NLEs on EBPs were stronger than those of ST or NLEs, individually. LIMITATIONS This was a cross-sectional research study; therefore, it could not judge causality or direction. ST and NLEs were retrospective and might have recall biases. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed positive associations between ST, NLEs, and EBPs. The results indicate that interventions should be considered to decrease ST and NLEs for children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Song
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Luxiu Li
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Guixia Pan
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Lingling Ren
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Männikkö N, Ruotsalainen H, Miettunen J, Marttila-Tornio K, Kääriäinen M. Parental socioeconomic status, adolescents' screen time and sports participation through externalizing and internalizing characteristics. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03415. [PMID: 32099928 PMCID: PMC7029175 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The socioeconomic status of parents is reportedly closely related to the digital screen usage and physical inactivity levels of children and adolescents. Internalizing and externalizing behavior characteristics may be linked to these associations and explain them. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of parents' socioeconomic status (SES) on youths' total screen time along with physical inactivity through internalizing and externalizing behavior characteristics. Thus, we examined associations between parents' socioeconomic status (using scores based on several indicators) and adolescents' total digital screen exposure and physical inactivity level, together with the potentially predicting role of the adolescents' internalizing and externalizing behavior. For this, we assessed the internalizing and externalizing problem characteristics, total screen time exposure, physical inactivity level and parental socioeconomic status of a large cohort sample of Finnish adolescents (the Northern Birth Cohort, 1986 comprised 2899 males and 3059 females). The present study includes data collected in two phases, in 1985–1986 and 2000–2001. Path modeling suggests that a low SES of parents was directly associated with adolescents' physical inactivity level, while externalizing characteristics were a significant and additional contributing factor in adolescents' level of screen exposure in both genders. Gender moderated the relationship between adolescents' internalizing and externalizing characteristics and physical inactivity levels. The results also suggest that parents’ socioeconomic status constitutes a risk factor in relation to media screen exposure only in female adolescents. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Männikkö
- Department of Social Services and Rehabilitation, Oulu University of Applied Sciences, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Corresponding author.
| | - Heidi Ruotsalainen
- Department of Social Services and Rehabilitation, Oulu University of Applied Sciences, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kaisa Marttila-Tornio
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maria Kääriäinen
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Associations between early-life screen viewing and 24 hour movement behaviours: findings from a longitudinal birth cohort study. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2020; 4:201-209. [PMID: 32004497 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(19)30424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screen viewing is a sedentary behaviour reported to interfere with sleep and physical activity. However, few longitudinal studies have assessed such associations in children of preschool age (0-6 years) and none have accounted for the compositional nature of these behaviours. We aimed to investigate the associations between total and device-specific screen viewing time at age 2-3 years and accelerometer-measured 24 h movement behaviours, including sleep, sedentary behaviour, light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at age 5·5 years. METHODS The Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) study is an ongoing longitudinal birth cohort study in Singapore, which began in June 2009. We recruited pregnant women during their first ultrasound scan visit at two major public maternity units in Singapore. At clinic visits done at age 2-3 years, we collected parent-reported information about children's daily total and device-specific screen viewing time (television, handheld devices, and computers). At 5·5 years, children's movement behaviours for 7 consecutive days were measured using wrist-worn accelerometers. We assessed the associations between screen viewing time and movement behaviours (sedentary behaviour, light physical activity, MVPA, and sleep) using Dirichlet regression, which accounts for the compositional nature of such behaviours. This study is active but not recruiting and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01174875. FINDINGS Between June 1, 2009, and Oct 12, 2010, 1247 pregnant women enrolled and 1171 singleton births were enrolled. 987 children had parent-reported screen data at either 2 or 3 years, of whom 840 attended the clinic visit at age 5·5 years, and 577 wore an accelerometer. 552 children had at least 3 days of accelerometer data and were included in the analysis. Total screen viewing time at age 2-3 years had a significant negative association with sleep (p=0·008), light physical activity (p<0·0001), and MVPA (p<0·0001) in relation to sedentary behaviour at age 5·5 years. Compared with children who spent 1 h or less per day screen viewing at age 2-3 years, children who screen viewed for 3 h or more per day at 2-3 years engaged in more sedentary behaviour (439·8 mins per day [≤1 h screen viewing time] vs 480·0 mins per day [≥3 h screen viewing time]), and less light physical activity (384·6 vs 356·2 mins per day), and MVPA (76·2 vs 63·4 mins per day) at age 5·5 years. No significant differences in time spent sleeping were observed between the groups (539·5 vs 540·4 mins per day). Similar trends were observed for television viewing and handheld device viewing. INTERPRETATION Longer screen viewing time in children aged 2-3 years was associated with more time spent engaged in sedentary behaviour and shorter time engaged in light physical activity and MVPA in later childhood. Our findings indicate that screen viewing might displace physical activity during early childhood, and suggest that reducing screen viewing time in early childhood might promote healthier behaviours and associated outcomes later in life. FUNDING Singapore National Research Foundation, and Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR).
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Incidence of a Non-Sustainability Use of Technology on Students’ Reading Performance in Pisa. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12020749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article describes an investigation that made a comparative analysis of the influence of the use of technology for non-academic activities on the reading performance of students in 21 countries within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), as measured by the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). To do this, we coded the SumIC001-008-010 variables (“Devices available at home” and “How often do you use digital devices for the following activities outside school”) in the PISA survey and quantified the effect by the proportion of variance explained of each variable in the model for each country. The results show that the reading score increases according to the variable for type and quantity of devices at home but falls drastically in all 21 countries when the “SumIC001” variable exceeds 15 points. Our research also found that the two activities that most negatively impacted reading performance if done on a regular basis were “playing online games via social networks” and “uploading your own created contents.” These results would seem to confirm that the non-sustainability and prolonged use of technology outside school is objectively negative for the development of reading competence in young people.
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Jiang L, Cao Y, Ni S, Chen X, Shen M, Lv H, Hu J. Association of Sedentary Behavior With Anxiety, Depression, and Suicide Ideation in College Students. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:566098. [PMID: 33424653 PMCID: PMC7793895 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.566098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the association of sedentary behavior with anxiety, depression, and suicide ideation in multi-centered college students in China. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of the first-year college student population. The students underwent a questionnaire survey inquiring about sedentary behavior (hours per day) and physical activity (minutes per week) during the past year. Anxiety, depression, and sleep quality were measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-2), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. Mixed models were used to estimate the associations, and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were presented as the effect size. Mediation effect analysis was conducted to test the mediation effect of PSQI. Results: A total of 28,298 participants (response rate: 82%) completed the survey and were included in the final analyses. Crude and adjusted estimates consistently showed that both sedentary behavior and physical activity were significantly associated with mental illnesses. Sedentary behavior was positively associated with anxiety, depression, and suicidal behavior in a dose-response manner (AOR: 0.54-0.24; ≥7 h/day as reference), independent from the effect of physical activity (AOR: 0.78-0.41; no physical activity as reference). The association of sedentary behavior with mental health was partly mediated by sleep quality (25-71%). Conclusions: There is an independent dose-response association of sedentary behavior with mental well-being among college students in China, and this association may be partially attributable to impaired sleep quality. Attention should be drawn and actions should be taken by college educators and mental health providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Shuangfei Ni
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minxue Shen
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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Garmy P, Idecrans T, Hertz M, Sollerhed AC, Hagell P. Is sleep duration associated with self-reported overall health, screen time, and nighttime texting among adolescents? J Int Med Res 2019; 48:300060519892399. [PMID: 31849255 PMCID: PMC7782954 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519892399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to investigate whether sleep duration is associated with
self-reported overall health, screen time, and nighttime texting among
Swedish adolescents. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey of students (n = 1518) aged 13 to 15 years
(50.7% girls) in southern Sweden. Results Fewer than 8 hours sleep duration before a school day was reported by 31% of
students. The median time spent watching television and/or at the computer
was 3 hours, and 43% of students reported texting at night one or more times
per week. Sleeping fewer than 8 hours was significantly associated with
poorer self-reported overall health, often being tired at school, increased
screen time, and a habit of nighttime texting. Conclusions Short sleep duration (<8 hours) was associated with poor self-reported
health, increased screen time, and nighttime texting among respondents.
These results provide information for parents, educators, and school health
professionals to encourage young people to adopt healthy screen habits and
sleep hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Garmy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.,Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Health Promotion Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Therese Idecrans
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Malin Hertz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Hagell
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
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Digital media: Promoting healthy screen use in school-aged children and adolescents. Paediatr Child Health 2019; 24:402-417. [PMID: 31528113 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxz095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital media are integrated into the everyday lives of children and adolescents, with potential benefits and risks for learning, mental and physical health, and for social life. This statement examines the cognitive, psychosocial, and physical effects of digital media on school-aged children and adolescents, with a focus on family routines, context, and activities. Evidence-based guidance for clinicians and families involves four principles: healthy management, meaningful screen use, positive modelling, and balanced, informed monitoring of screen time and behaviours.
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Les médias numériques : la promotion d'une saine utilisation des écrans chez les enfants d'âge scolaire et les adolescents. Paediatr Child Health 2019; 24:402-417. [PMID: 31528112 PMCID: PMC6736151 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Les médias numériques font partie du quotidien des enfants et des adolescents. Ils comportent des bienfaits potentiels et des risques pour leur apprentissage, leur santé mentale et physique et leur vie sociale. Le présent document de principes aborde les effets cognitifs, psychosociaux et physiques de ces médias sur les enfants d'âge scolaire et les adolescents, notamment sur les habitudes, le contexte et les activités de la famille. Les conseils fondés sur des données probantes destinés aux cliniciens et aux familles reposent sur quatre principes : une gestion saine, une utilisation constructive, un exemple positif et une surveillance équilibrée et éclairée du temps d'écran et des comportements s'y rapportant.
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Ng K, Sainio P, Sit C. Physical Activity of Adolescents with and without Disabilities from a Complete Enumeration Study ( n = 128,803): School Health Promotion Study 2017. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173156. [PMID: 31470622 PMCID: PMC6747134 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that adolescent males take part in more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) than females, and that adolescents with disabilities participate in even less. Public health data are typically based on the international physical activity (PA) recommendations of at least 60 minutes of MVPA daily. However, it appears that data are lost because a person who reports MVPA 0–6 days a week is grouped together and is considered as ‘inactive’. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to report differences among adolescents with and without disabilities who were ‘active’ and ‘inactive’ and to explore differences by sex. A complete enumeration study (2017 School Health Promotion Survey; n = 128,803) of Finnish adolescents aged between 14–19 years old was conducted. The single item self-report MVPA was used with items from the Washington Group on Disability Statistics. Data were grouped into physiological and cognitive disabilities and were split into active and inactive adolescents based on the PA recommendations; subsequently, binary logistic regression analyses were performed. Data from the inactive participants were analyzed with multivariate analysis of covariance and effect sizes were reported. Approximately 10% of males and 17% of females reported disabilities. There were fewer adolescents with disabilities who took part in daily PA (OR = 0.90, CI = 0.85–0.94), especially among those with cognitive disabilities (OR = 0.86, CI = 0.82–0.91). There were more active male than female adolescents (OR = 1.48, CI = 1.43–1.52). Of the inactive adolescents, females reported similar MVPA to males, with and without disabilities after controlling for age, school type, and family financial situation. Inactive adolescents with walking difficulties reported the least amount of MVPA (males; mean = 2.24, CI = 2.03–2.44, females; mean = 2.18, CI = 1.99–2.37). The difference in means with adolescents without disabilities according to Cohen’s d effect size was medium for males (0.56) and females (0.58). The effect sizes from all other groups of disabilities were small. The difference in PA between males and females has diminished among the inactive groups, yet there is still a need to improve the gap between males and females, especially for those who meet the PA recommendations. More strategies are needed to improve MVPA among adolescents with disabilities, especially those with cognitive disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok Ng
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Päivi Sainio
- Department of Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cindy Sit
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Hanson SK, Munthali RJ, Micklesfield LK, Lobelo F, Cunningham SA, Hartman TJ, Norris SA, Stein AD. Longitudinal patterns of physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep in urban South African adolescents, Birth-To-Twenty Plus cohort. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:241. [PMID: 31319843 PMCID: PMC6639930 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical phase of human development that lays the foundation for health in later life. Of the 1.8 billion adolescents in the world, roughly 90% live in low and middle-income countries. Yet most longitudinal studies of adolescent physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep come from high-income countries. There is a need for a better understanding of these behaviors to inform obesity and chronic disease prevention strategies. AIMS The aim of this study is to identify longitudinal patterns and associations between physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep in urban South African adolescents. METHODS We analyzed data from the Birth-to-Twenty Plus Cohort (Bt20+), a longitudinal study of children in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa. Behaviors were self-reported annually between ages 12 and 17 y. We used Latent Class Growth Analysis to group participants into classes based on common longitudinal trajectories of time spent in informal physical activity, organized sports, walking to and from school, sedentary behavior, and school-night and weekend sleep, respectively. We performed group-based multi-trajectory modeling to identify latent clusters of individuals who followed similar trajectories of informal physical activity, organized sports and walking to and from school, and who followed similar trajectories of these three domains together with sedentary behavior and sleep. RESULTS The large majority of males (82%) and all females failed to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) physical activity recommendation for adolescents of 60 min of moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity per day. The physical activity domains clustered together in three multi-trajectory groups that define individuals' overall physical activity pattern. While two patterns indicated decreases in physical activity throughout adolescence, one pattern, including 29% of the sample in males and 17% of the sample in females, indicated higher levels of activity throughout adolescence. Sedentary behavior and sleep trajectories did not cluster together with the physical activity domains. CONCLUSION Most adolescents in this South African population did not meet WHO recommendations for physical activity. In this population, trajectories of sedentary behavior and sleep were independent of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K. Hanson
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
- Medical Research Council of South Africa / University of the Witwatersrand Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Richard J. Munthali
- Medical Research Council of South Africa / University of the Witwatersrand Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lisa K. Micklesfield
- Medical Research Council of South Africa / University of the Witwatersrand Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Felipe Lobelo
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Solveig A. Cunningham
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Terryl J. Hartman
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Shane A. Norris
- Medical Research Council of South Africa / University of the Witwatersrand Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Aryeh D. Stein
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
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Del Pozo-Cruz B, Perales F, Parker P, Lonsdale C, Noetel M, Hesketh KD, Sanders T. Joint physical-activity/screen-time trajectories during early childhood: socio-demographic predictors and consequences on health-related quality-of-life and socio-emotional outcomes. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:55. [PMID: 31286983 PMCID: PMC6615223 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the early roots of physical activity and sedentary behaviors is critical to developing intervention programs that promote healthy lifestyle habits in infants and children. There is, however, no evidence on how these behaviors cluster and develop together during early childhood. The aim of this study was to identify single and joint longitudinal trajectories in physical activity and screen time amongst children aged 0 to 9 years, their social-demographic predictors and their prospective health-related quality-of-life and socio-emotional outcomes. Methods Three waves of data from The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, a national study tracking two cohorts every 2 years (B-cohort, 0–5 years, n = 4,164; K-cohort, 4–9 years, n = 3,974) were analysed. Growth mixture modelling was applied to longitudinal time-use diary data to identify joint trajectories in children’s physical activity and screen time over Waves 1–3. Key socio-demographic variables measured at Wave 1 were used to predict membership in different trajectories. The prospective consequences (at Wave 3) of time-use trajectories on health-related quality-of-life and socio-emotional outcomes were assessed. Results Three physical-activity/screen-time trajectories were identified for both cohorts: Cluster-A—children who maintained low levels of physical activity and screen time (∽50% of the sample), Cluster-B—children who progressively increased physical activity and maintained low screen-time levels (∽25%), and Cluster-C—children who maintained low physical-activity levels and increased screen time (∽25%). Children in Cluster-B experienced the best health-related quality-of-life and socio-emotional outcomes, while those in Cluster-C experienced the worst. Children who were female, Indigenous, from non-English-speaking backgrounds, not living with two biological parents, in more affluent households and neighbourhoods, without siblings and with parents with poor mental health were at greater risk of falling into Cluster-A or Cluster-C. Conclusion Our findings identified which children are most at-risk of falling into time-use trajectories that lead to poor health-related quality-of-life and socio-emotional outcomes later in life, increasing our ability to monitor, detect and prevent these suboptimal behaviours prior to their onset. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12966-019-0816-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Del Pozo-Cruz
- Motivation and Behaviour Research Program, Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Street: Level 10, 33 Berry Street, North Sydney NSW 2060, PO Box 968, Sydney, 2059, Australia.
| | - Francisco Perales
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (Life Course Centre), Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Phil Parker
- Motivation and Behaviour Research Program, Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Street: Level 10, 33 Berry Street, North Sydney NSW 2060, PO Box 968, Sydney, 2059, Australia
| | - Chris Lonsdale
- Motivation and Behaviour Research Program, Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Street: Level 10, 33 Berry Street, North Sydney NSW 2060, PO Box 968, Sydney, 2059, Australia
| | - Michael Noetel
- Motivation and Behaviour Research Program, Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Street: Level 10, 33 Berry Street, North Sydney NSW 2060, PO Box 968, Sydney, 2059, Australia
| | - Kylie D Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Taren Sanders
- Motivation and Behaviour Research Program, Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Street: Level 10, 33 Berry Street, North Sydney NSW 2060, PO Box 968, Sydney, 2059, Australia
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